416 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD - SENATE January 10, 1969 SENATE-Friday, January 10, 1969 The Senate met at 12 o'clock noon. are the Pacific Northwest River Basins jobs. It made permanent the idea of the and was called to order by the Vice Commission, the Souris-Red-Rainy River career public servant, hired on qualifica President. Basins Commission, the Great Lakes tions, promoted on merit, ready to serve The Chaplain, the Reverend Dr. Ed Basin Commission, and the New England without fear of political reprisal or dis ward L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the fol River Basins Commission. missal. lowing prayer: These annual reports reflect the ac Because of that Act the day-to-day Almighty God, our Creator, Redeemer, complishments of each commission dur operations of the United States Govern and Judge, bless this Nation with ing Fiscal Year 1968. They describe ex ment will not be interrupted during the righteousness and truth. Confirm what isting problems-and potential prob transition period between administra is right; correct what is wrong. Strength lems-in the use of our river basins, as tions. en our institutions; deepen the root of well as vast opportunities for their sound Out of the same Civil Service Act of our national life in everlasting righteous development. 1883 came the United States Civil Serv ness. Protect us from enemies without LYNDON B. JOHNSON. ice Commission. THE WHITE HOUSE, January 9, 1969. It is this Commission which assists the and unworthiness within. Bless all the President in overseeing the operations keepers of our national safety and our of much of the Federal civilian personnel civil order. Enable us to trust one MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT system. another and to fear only Thee. Make us RECEIVED DURING ADJOURN It is this Commission which works to equal to our high trust, reverent in the MENT maintain continuity and stability in gov use of freedom, just in the exercise of Under the authority of the order of ernment employment. power, and generous in the protection of And it is this Commission which seeks the weak. the Senate of Thursday, January 9, 1969, the Secretary of the Senate, on to help agencies improve the methods by In all the decisions of the coming fate which staff, specialists, administrators ful days, grant that we may ever remain January 9, 1969, received messages in writing from the President of the United and technicians are recruited, trained, a nation whose God is the Lord. Guide paid and promoted. by Thy higher wisdom the Members of States submitting sundry nominations, which were referred to the Committee The Fiscal 1968 report of the Commis the U.S. Senate this day and henceforth. sion is a perceptive document addressed Amen. on the Judiciary. unanimous consent that the reading of ORDER FOR RECESS UNTIL MON ment requirements. the Journal of the proceedings of Thurs DAY, JANUARY 13, 1969 -Increased attention was given to re day, January 9, 1969, be dispensed with. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask cruiting and training younger career unanimous consent that when the Sen administrators. The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob -Minority employment increased,· ac jection, it is so ordered. ate completes its business today, it stand in recess until 12 noon Monday. companied by new stress on equal The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob employment opportunity. REPORTS OF FOUR RIVER BASIN jection? The Chair hears none, and it is -Vietnam war veterans were given so ordered. new Federal job opportunities. COMMISSIONS-MESSAGE FROM -Significant progress was made to THE PRESIDENT RECEIVED DUR ward achieving the goal of salary ING ADJOURNMENT MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT comparability. Under the authority of the order of the -New stress was placed on advanced Senate of Thursday, January 9, 1969, Messages in writing from the Presi training and preparation of Federal the Secretary of the Senate, on January dent of the United States were communi officials. 9, 1969, received the following message cated to the Senate by Mr. Geisler, one -The Executive Assignment System from the President of the United States, of his secretaries. became fully operational. which, with the accompanying reports, -New Laws opened the way for ex was referred to the Committee on In REPORT OF U.S. CIVIL SERVICE panded opportunities for education terior and Insular Affairs: COMMISSION-MESSAGE FROM in the public service for talented To the Congress of the United States: THE PRESIDENT and dedicated young Americans. I am proud to transmit the first an -Additional efforts were made to pro nual reports of the four river basin com The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the vide Federal support for the train missions established under the Water Senate the following message from the ing of State and local Government Resources Planning Act of 1965. President of the United States, which, employees. That Act provides for the establish with the accompanying report, was re I am pleased to transmit to the Con ment of river basin commissions-if re f erred to the Committee on Post Office gress the Annual Report of the United quested by the States in the appropriate and Civil Service: States Civil Service Commission for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968. It speaks area-to plan for the best use and devel To the Congress of the United States: opment of rivers, their adjoining land of past performance and future prom Soon after this report is issued, a new ise. I know that the Congress will con and their resources. President will assume the burdens of In the last few years we have become tinue to give strong support to the new office. President, the Civil Service Commission, more aware than ever that the quality He will come to the Government :find of American life depends largely upon and the Executive Departments and ing a well-trained and willing career civil Agencies in making the civil service even how we use-and conserve-our natural service ready, able and anxious to help resources. The river basin commissions him perform the many tasks of public more effective, efficient, and responsive assure that the people within each area administration at home and abroad. to the Nation's needs. will have a voice in deciding how these The career civil service took many LYNDON B. JOHNSON. resources are used. This new approach years to build. THE WHITE HOUSE, January 10, 1969. to planning, if it is successful, promises On January 16, 1883, President Chester more efficient use of America's great nat Arthur signed the Civil Service Act which EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED ural and man-made wealth, and more is now acknowledged as one of the most attention to preserving the beauty and important pieces of legislation passed in As in executive session, vitality of our environment. modern times. The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the The four commissions that have been That Act abolished the whoiesale po Senate messages from the President of established cover areas in 21 States. They litical patronage system of government the United States submitting sundry Januar y .10, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL_RECORD - SENATE 417 nominations, which were referred to the development of the .Tennesl:!ee Valley and health. In his dedicated pursuit of this Committee on Armed Services. the unification of its river basin into a goal,. he was ever guided by the belief that (For nominations this day received, total economic unit. Finally, in 1933, he he who has health has hope and he who see the end of Senate proceedings.) had the pleasure of se_eing this legisla has hope has everything. tion signed into law by President Frank It has been said that there is hardly lin D. Roosevelt, and the satisfaction of a man, woman, or child in this Nation ORDER OF BUSINESS witnessing the transformation of an who has not benefited or who is not now often flood-ravaged and unproductive benefiting directly or indirectly from The VICE PRESIDENT. Under the section of his State into an industrial programs envisioned and championed by previous order, the Chair recognizes the powerhouse and a land of opportunity. Senator Hill. Senator from Alabama (Mr. ALLEN). Shortly after entering the Senate, I would add to this, Mr. President, Lister Hill sought to r~move the dis that millions of people throughout this criminatory freight rates that were con Nation now have hope because of the TRIBUTE TO FORMER SENATOR tinuing to shackle the South and hold good works of Lister Hill, and countless LISTER HILL OF ALABAMA it in economic bondage. millions yet unborn will have a healthier Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, I appreci Legislation he introduced in 1940 and better life because of him. ate the courtesy and indulgence of the paved the way for the removal of these I join the millions throughout this distinguished majority leader and my discriminatory freight rates and at last land in deep appreciation to Lister Hill colleagues in the Senate in allowing me made it possible for a southern busi for all he has done. to speak at this time. My admiration for nessman to pay less in freight charges As a fell ow Alabamian, I am proud to Senator Lister Hill, of Alabama, as well for a shipment of steel from the steel be in the line of senatorial succession as the amenities of the occasion of my mills in nearby Birmingham, Ala., than with him. succession to the seat in this distin from Pittsburgh, Pa. As a fellow Alabamian, I am especially guished body formerly held by Senator Mr. President, as we know, following proud of the example and of the heritage Hill would suggest the propriety of my the end of World War II this Nation he has given us. asking for the privilege of making these and. Congress were able to turn their · As we begin the 91st Congress, with remarks at this time. The remarks I attention again to the needs and prob the many difficult and onerous tasks that shall make are not controversial, and I lems at home, many of which accumu lie ahead, may we be inspired and chal did not wish that they be interspersed lated or accelerated during the war lenged by that example and heritage. in the debate which I understand very years, and again Lister Hill was in the Mr. President, I thank the Chair for likely will take place later in the day, on forefront of the legislative battles for indulging me. I thank the distinguished another subject. the people. While today he is widely rec majority leader and all Senators for Mr. President, during the closing days ognized as the statesman of health, the allowing me at this time to make these of the last session of Congress, many outstanding record of legislative achieve remarks eulogizing a great Alabamian warm and eloquent tributes were paid by ment that Lister Hill leaves indelibly im and a great American, Senator Lister Members of this distinguished body to printed on the pages of history is. by no Hill. the then senior Senator from Alabama, means limited to any one particular Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, will the Lister Hill, in recognition of his 45 years field. Indeed, the programs he conceived, Senator yield? of outstanding and dedicated service to sponsored, or helped guide to passage Mr. ALLEN. I yield to the Senator from his State and to the Nation. during his 45 years in Congress cover a Georgia. I regret that for the lack of a few spectrum much broader and far more en Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, it so short months I was not eligible at the compassing. happened that when the various cere time to join in these tributes to my friend They cover a spectrum ranging from monies were held, the laudations for the and fellow Alabamian, Lister Hill. I am the B2-H2 resolution laying the ground distinguished Senator from Alabama and honored now to be eligible by a few short work for the United Nations to an inter the praise of his invaluable service to the days belatedly to do so, and to record for national health act for better health country on the floor of the Senate, I was posterity an expression of appreciation around the world. never present. I did not participate in any to Senator Lister Hill for the great con They cover a spectrum ranging from of them and had no remarks in the REC tributions he has made to his State, to assistance to the cotton and peanut ORD on this score. his Nation, and, may I add, in many very farmers of Alabama to the providing of I do wish to say that I have served in definite respects, to the world. electricity, telephones, and library books this body for some time and with several The Good Book, Mr. President, says to rural America. hundred difierent Senators. I know of "by their fruits ye shall know them." They cover a spectrum ranging from only one of them who will go down in Senator Lister Hill is indeed known for GI bills for our veterans to benefits for the history of this period solely on the the fruits of his labors and will long be their families. basis of his Senate service. There have known with respect, with admiration, They cover a spectrum ranging from been many good men and a few great and with a deep sense of gratitude by the men, but due to his authorship of the people he was Privileged to represent for loans for college students to assistance Hill-Burton Act providing Federal assist so many years in both Houses of Con for vocational education and elementary ance in the building of hospitals through gress, and by the people of all sections of and secondary education. out these United States Lister Hill will be this Nation. They cover a spectrum ranging from assured a place in history. When Senator Hill first entered Con the construction of nearly 10,000 hos · Mr. President, nothing could better il gress in 1923 as a young Representative pitals and other types of health facili lustrate this than the fact that I received from the Second Congressional District ties throughout the country, under the from a small city in my State a resolution of Alabama, he immediately set out to act which bears his name, to the appro passed by a civic club, the Kiwanis Club improve the conditions of a section of priation of funds for medical research of Hartwell, Ga., expressing their deep this country economically depressed and into the causes and cures of diseases that appreciation for the services of Senator still suffering from hardships imposed continue to plague and baffle mankind. Hill, and their regret that he will no upon it during the tragic reconstruction They cover a spectrum of some 60 longer be a Member of the Senate. I doubt era. He sought to find a way to provide pieces of major health legislation that very much that any member of that club better opportunity and a better life for Lister Hill has written, ranging from knew Senator Hill personally, but they its peoples. While elected to. represent training of doctors, dentists, nurses, and do know where the Hill-Burton hospital the people of the Second District of Ala other related health personnel to the dis is located, and the name of the author bama, Senator Hill did not confine his semination of the latest knowledge of of the act that made it possible. interests, his energies, and his determi heart, cancer, and stroke from the re So~ Mr. President, the entire Nation nation to that one constituency. ltis vi search laboratory to the patient's bed has an obligation and a debt of gratitude sion went beyond this, to the State as a side. to this man. Innumerable Americans whole and to the ·region -of which it was And there are countless other pro have received benefits from his handi a part. He joined with Senator George grams in the spectrum. work as ·a legislator and his efforts in Norris of Nebraska in introducing legis Mr. President, Lister Hill often de behalf of mankind as a whole to alleviate lation to provide for the comprehensive clared that everyone has a right to good their suffering and distress. CXV--27-Pa.rt 1 418 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE January 19, 1969 The resolution of the Kiwanis Club of Mr. ALLEN. I yield. garding the necessity of keeping the Hartwell, Ga., symbolizes what I have Mr. ERVIN. Mr. President, I would like Portsmouth, N.H., Shipyard open. While just said. I ask unanimous consent that to associate myself with the very elo the Navy Yard at Portsmouth is vital to the resolution adopted by the Kiwanis quent remarks of the Senator from Ala the economies of New Hampshire and Club of Hartwell, Ga., on November 11, bama concerning former Senator Lister Maine, it also remains an essential ele 1968, be printed in the RECORD at the con Hill. ' ment in this country's defense. To close clusion of my remarks. I think that Lister Hill will go down it, in my opinion, would be unthinkable. There being no objection, the resolu in the history of this Nation as the legis I am confident that will never happen, tion was ordered to be printed in the lator who did the most for the health and that a new administration will see RECORD, as follows: of the people of this country. As author that those of us who have continually RESOLUTION OF KIWANIS CLUB OF HARTWELL, the Hill-Burton Act, he made it possible fought for the yard and its workers have GA., NOVEMBER, 11, 1968 for the people in all communities of this been in the right. Whereas the Officers, Board of Directors country to secure hospitals sufficient to I ask unanimous consent that the reso and Membership of the Kiwanis Club of administer to their ills. lution be printed in the RECORD. Jlartwell, Georgia, on behalf of themselves, Mr. ALLEN. I thank the Senator. There being no objection, the resolu said Civic Club, and the Citizens of this area Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, will tion was ordered to be printed in the of Georgia desire to pay deserved tribute to the Senator yield? RECORD, as follows: Honorable Lister Hill for the many contribu Mr. ALLEN. I yield. tions he has made during his long, dedicated, RESOLUTION OF PORTSMOUTH, N.H., COUNCIL, constructive and effective tenure and service Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I NAVY LEAGUE OF THE UNITED STATES to his fellow Americans as a United States would like to associate myself with the It was moved, seconded and passed unani Senator from the great State of Alabama, and remarks of the distinguished Senator mously, that the Portsmouth Naval Ship Whereas, the Citizens of this area have from Alabama concerning a great hu yard be kept open and in operation for the greatly benefited from the many measures of manitarian and the service of the very needed defense of our great country, these humane legislation which said Distinguished able and distinguished former Senator United States, and that the representatives Senator has sponsored, worked for, and from Alabama, Lister Hill. in Washington be so advised, that this mo guided to Enactment by the Congress, in tion be presented before the Congress of cluding especially the Hill-Burton Act by Mr. ALLEN. I thank the Senator. these United States and be placed upon the which vehicle almost all of the rural and ur Mr. SPONG. Mr. President, I wish to Congressional Record. ban areas of our nation have been enabled to join with those who paid tribute today provide needed hospital facilities for the to our former colleague, the Senator citizens thereof inclµding the Hart County from Alabama, Lister Hill. It is a pleasure COMMUNICATION FROM REV. Hospital at Hartwell, Georgia, and several to join those who have spoken of him. EDWARD B. LEWIS other such hospitals in adjoining and nearby In the forefront of the contributions he political sub-divisions, and has made to his State and to this Nation The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk Whereas, the Officers, Board of Directors will read a communication, which will and Membership of this Hartwell Kiwanis is his work in helping to effect the legis lation known as the National Defense Ed be placed on file. Club have voted unanimously to adopt a res The legislative clerk read the commu olution giving both praise and thanks to Sen ucation Act of 1958. Senator Hill's work ator Hill from Alabama on behalf of them in this field should mark him for all nication as follows: selves and the citizens of this area and to time as one of those who have recognized CAPITOL HILL METHODIST CHURCH, have such resolution inserted into the Con the proper role of our Government in Washington, D.C., January 8, 1969. gressional Record on Motion of Honorable this field of education. Mr. FRANCIS R. VALEO, Richard B. Russell, the senior United States Other significant contributions made Secretary, U .S. Senate, Senator from Georgia. Washington, D.C. Be it therefore resolved that the Officers, by the Senator from Alabama can be dramatically revealed by those who have DEAR MR. VALEO: I want to express my deep Board of Directors and Membership of the appreciation to the United States Senate for Hartwell Kiwanis Club do hereby unani been connected with the medical schools the high privilege they have afforded me in mously express the highest regard and most in the United States during the past two serving as Acting Chaplain. I shall never be sincere affection for, the gatitude to The decades. It has been my privilege on oc able to express my deep feeling for their Honorable Lister Hill, Distinguished States casion to talk to a number of deans of confidence. man, Gentleman and United States Senator medical schools throughout the United Also, I am delightfully surprised at the from Alabama, for his many constructive States, and in these conversations it has close vote, 28-20, in the election of a per·· contributions to and effective service in be manent chaplain with Dr. Edward L. R. half of the Citizens of the United States of been evident that Senator Hill has tire lessly and significantly assisted not only Elson and me as the nominees. I also feel, America in general and this area of Georgia under the circumstances, it was a great vote in particular, and that the good wishes of medicine generally but also the teaching of confidence. I will be writing Senator Mans this Club be and they are extended to Sen of medicine throughout the United field and express my deep appreciation to ator Hill for his continued good health, suc States. him. cess and happiness. Therefore, it is a pleasure for me to . As of the evening of Wednesday, January 8, Further resolved, that the original of this join the senior Senator from Alabama 1969, I am resigning as Acting Chaplain Resolution be forwarded to Senator Hill by of the United States Senate. the Club Secretary, that a copy be published and other Senators who have today paid tribute to ·our former colleague, Sena I also decline the Senate's gracious ofi'er in the Hartwell Sun; and that two copies be to serve as Acting Chaplain until January sent to Senator Russell with request that this tor Lister Hill. 15. I feel that Dr. Elson should have the Resolution be inserted and published in the opportunity to become acclimated as soon as Congressional Record. possible. I do this with the highest intention Resolution Unanimously adopted this No NOTICE OF HEARING and good feeling. vember 11, 1968. Mr. MUSKIE. Mr. President, on be I will always count you as a close friend. Mr. RUSSELL. I thank the Senator for half of the distinguished Senator from Please express to all, my best thoughts. Alabama (Mr. SPARKMAN). I should like Sincerely, yielding. EDWARD B. LEWIS, Mr. ALLEN. I thank the Senator from to announce that the Committee on Minister. Georgia for his remarks. Banking and Currency will hold a hear P .S.-I am leaving this afternoon for Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, will the ing on Thursday, January 16, 1969, on Kansas City where I am due for a Conference. Senator yield? the nomination of Gov. George W. Rom I had told them I couldn't come, but now Mr. ALLEN. I yield to the Senator from ney of Michigan to be Secretary of the I find that I can. I have asked my secretary Idaho. Department of Housing and Urban De to see that this gets to you. Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, I wish velopment. to be associated with the laudatory re The hearing will commence at 10 marks which the Senator has made. In o'clock a.m., in room 5302 of the New AMENDMENT OF SENATE RULE my 12 years in the Senate I have served Senate Office Building. XXII with no finer gentleman than Lister Hill. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. I commend the Senator from Alabama If PORTSMOUTH, N.H., SHIPYARD EAGLETON in the chair) . there be no (Mr. ALLEN) for the fine address he has further morning business, the Chair lays given. Mr. COTTON. Mr. President, the before the Senate, Senate Resolution 11, Mr. ERVIN. Mr. President, will the Portsmouth chapter of the Navy League coming over under the rule .. The clerk Senator yield? has recently adopted a resolution re- will state the resolution by title. January 10, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 419 The BILL CLERK. A resolution (S. Res. by the distinguished senior Senator from Energy, and presently chairman of the 11) to amend rule XXII of the Standing Kansas (Mr. PEARSON) and myself, along Senate Aeronautical and Space Sciences Rules of the Senate. with 35 other cosponsors from both sides Committee. The Senator from Idaho obtained the of the aisle, retains all of the present HUBERT HUMPHREY, a former Senator floor. language of Senate rule XXII relating from Minnesota, at one· time assistant Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, will the to the termination of debate, except that majority leader of the Senate, and now Senator yield for a unanimous-consent it changes from two-thirds to three Vice President of the United States. request? fifths the number of Senators present Senator MIKE MANSFIELD, now the ma Mr. CHURCH. I yield. and voting required to limit debate by jority leader of the Senate, who com invoking cloture. mands the universal respect of Members PRIVILEGE OF THE FLOOR on both sides of the aisle. Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I ask This amendment would, in my judg ment, bring about a distinct improve The late John F. Kennedy, then a unanimous consent that during the de Senator from Massachusetts, and after bate about to begin now relative to rule ment in Senate procedure. Moreover, it is offered on the strength of the con ward President of the United States. XXII I may be allowed to have with me Senator WARREN G. MAGNUSON, who on the floor of the Senate my legislative stitutional principle that a new Congress has the right, at the time of its com later became chairman of the Commerce assistant, Mr. Thomas A. Young. mencement, to decide the rules under Committee, over which he still presides. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without senator JOHN PASTORE, who now serves objection, it is so ordered. which it wishes to operate. Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, will the with such distinction, in alternate years, Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, without as chairman of the Joint Committee on losing my right to the floor, I suggest Senator from Idaho yield? Atomic Energy, and who delivered that the absence of a quorum. Mr. CHURCH. I would be glad to yield stirring keynote address at the 1964 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without to the distinguished Senator, but I would Democratic National Convention. objection,. it is· so ordered. The clerk will prefer to complete my argument and Senator HENRY M. JACKSON, who now call the roll. then yield, unless the Senator has some serves as chairman of the Committee on The legislative clerk proceeded to call pressing reason to ask me to yield at this Interior and Insular Affairs, and was the roll. time. formerly national chairman of the Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President,_ I ask Mr. HOLLAND. I gladly accept the Democratic Party. unanimous consent that the order for Senator's explanation and will ask my Wayne Morse, former Senator from the quorum call be rescinded. questions later. Oregon, widely recognized as a brilliant The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, my pur and respected constitutional lawyer, and objection, it is so ordered. pose in sponsoring this amendment is former law school dean. Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, yester the same as that expressed, 2 years ago, Paul Douglas, former Senator from day, when the pending resolution was by the distinguished junior Senator from Illinois, who served as the able chairman submitted, a number of cosponsors joined South Dakota (Mr. McGOVERN) when he of the Joint Economic Committee, whom in submitting it, but their names were introduced a similar resolution at the we would all acknowledge as one of the not listed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD commencement of the 90th Congress. It finest minds to grace the Senate in re of yesterday. stems from my conviction that a modi cent years. Accordingly, I ask unanimous consent fication of the filibuster rule would en The late Senator James E. Murray of that the names of the cosponsors of the able the U.S. Senate to discharge its Montana, who was chairman of the In resolution appear here in the RECORD. responsibility to the American people in terior and Insular A1fairs Committee There being no objection, the list was a more democratic and expeditious when I first entered the Senate. ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as manner. The late Senator Theodore Green, who follows: This represents the eighth attempt in became chairman of the Senate Com SPONSORS OF SENATE RESOLUTION 11 16 years to change the :filibuster rule and mittee on Foreign Relations. Mr. Church. to enforce the proposition that the Sen The late Senator Herbert Lehman, Mr. Pearson. ate, at the outset of a new Congress, can who served as Governor of New Yo:rk Mr. Anderson. by majority vote, work its will on the State, and was Administrator of the Mr. Ba.yh. rules under which it chooses to operate. UNRRA program, which helped to re Mr. Burdick. Although the constitutional validity of Mr. Cranston. build Western Europe after World Mr. Dominick. this proposition would seem self-appar War II. Mr~ Eagleton. ent, we have yet to accomplish the goal. The list also included such distin Mr. Harris. The struggle began in 1953, when 19 guished former Senators, both Demo Mr. Hart. Senators, led by the distinguished senior crats and Republicans, as Matthew Mr.Hartke. Senator from New Mexico (Mr. ANDER Neely, Harley Kilgore, Lester HWlt, Mr. Hughes. SON) sought to achieve a change in the Mr. Jackson. Charles Tobey, Irving M. Ives, Robert C. Mr. Kennedy. filibuster rule. Hendrickson, and James H. Duff. Mr. Magnuson. I wish the Senator from New Mexico Some of these Senators were from Mr. McGovern. were still leading the fight to obtain the populous States, some were not;. some Mr. Mcintyre. three-fifths rule, because he is, in fact, were from the East, some from the West; Mr. Mondale. the originator and constant champion of but all had in common, as is true of the Mr. Moss. this proposal. His heavy responsibilities Senators now identified with the present Mr. Nelson. have required him to turn his energy Mr. Pastore. effort, the need to affirm the constitu Mr. Proxmire. and attention to other matters, but he is tional principle that the membership of Mr. Randolph. first entitled to claim the generalship of the Senate, acting by a majority vote a.t Mr. Ribicofr. this effort. the outset of a new Congress, possesses Mr. Williams of New Jersey. When he initiated the struggle to the power to set its own procedural house Mr. Yarborough. modify the filibuster rule, on January 3, in order, unrestricted by any limitations Mr. Young of Ohio. 1953, 18 other Senators joined him in an established or observed in previous years. Mr. Muskie. attempt to assert the right of a majority Mr. Brooke. .I think we are indebted to the fore Mr. Case. in the Senate to adopt new or different sight of the 19 men who began this fight Mr. Fong. rules. 16 years ago. When I entered the Senate, Mr. Hatfield. Tha.t list of 19 Senators, who led off in January of 1957, I cast my lot with Mr. Ja.vits. this historic e1f ort to unfetter a new them. Since that time, I have seen our Mr. Scott. Senate of procedural restrictions imposed numbers grow, and I hope that this Mr. Allott. by old rules, including the following dis might be the year when a majority of Mr. Goodell. tinguished Members of this body: Senators will prove themselves willing Mr. P-ercy. Senator CLINTON ANDERSON, a former to assert their constitutional right. Mr: CHURCH. Mr. President, the reso Cabinet member, a former chairman of However, I would not want to proceed lution which will later be motioned up the Interior and Insular Affairs Commit further without giving special credit to for consideration, submitted, yesterday tee, the Joint Committee on Atomic the distinguished junior Senator from 420 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE January 10, 1969 South Dakota veto power never contemplated next few days. If the Senate were per ing rules of the Senate, including that by the Constitution. That minority may mitted to come to a vote on the proposed rule which purports to even now require not only prevent the enactment of legis three-fifths rule, then the precedent to a two-thirds vote to invoke cloture. lation, but can coerce the acceptance of which the Senator from Florida alludes The time has come for the majority of modification and amendments which would not have to be established. But if Senators to assert their authority under may be harmful. The measure that "ex it is necessary, in order to get to a vote, the Constitution of the United States. tended debate" known to the public as a to assert the constitutional right of the Whatever decision we reach regarding filibuster may have diminished public majority to act, then I think that must rule XXII, let the present majority seize confidence in the legislative processes and should be done. upon its right to make it. and in the efficiency of Congress to meet I cannot read any different meaning Nothing less can free the Senate from the onrush of change in these challeng into the clear words of the Constitution the :-elentless grip of the past. ing days, may not ever be known. itself than that it lies within the power Mr. MUSKIE. Mr. President, I take Mr. President, for the Senate to have a of the present majority, at the com this opportunity to compliment the dis rule of procedure which arbitrarily pre mencement of a new Congress, to decide tinguished Senator from Idaho for the vents the enactment of legislation not upon the rules under which that Senate fight he is making this morning and, I only inhibits the majority of the Senate will operate. 422 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE January 10, 1969 Mr~ HOLLAND. Then, if I have.cor the distinguished Senator from Idaho a vote on the three-fifths proPosal. It is rectly understood the distinguished Sen these words, found on page 7, 1n the last only because we cannot get to a vote on ator, he recognizes the fact that if his sentence of the second paragraph: the proposal that we must seek to assert resolution were adopted, a new precedent Both language and logic lead to the con the constitutional right of the present would be established in the Senate under clusion that the constitutional authority to majority to work its will. which at the beginning of every Congress make rules rests, at the commencement of Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I beg to a mere majority of the Senate could, if each new Congress, with a majority of the differ with the distinguished Senator, be it wished, rewrite every Senate rule, Members of each House. cause it is not at all certain in the mind of adopt new Senate rules, and do away I ask my distinguished friend if that the Senator from Florida that it would be with any old Senate rules that that mere is not just a plain statement of what he impossible, with a moderate amendment majority wished to act upon? has conceded would be the result of adop of the type offered by the Senator from Mr. CHURCH. Yes; but if a precedent tion of the precedent to which we both Idaho as compared with what has been were established by such action of the have been alluding. offered some times in the past, to obtain Senate, it would conform with the rulings Mr. CHURCH. The Senator is correct. action in the regular way. that the Senate itself has received from In fact, my argument is an appeal to The Senator from Florida has been a both Vice President Nixon and Vice Pres the present majority to assert what Member of the Senate during both ident HUMPHREY, to the effect that the seems to me to be its clear constitutional periods when the amendments have been Constitution confers upon the majority, right. voted, and he knows that they were re at the commencement of a new Congress Now, how they choose to assert it- garded as coming up in the regular way, the right to formulate the rules under what form of rule they choose to adopt they were subjected to the machinery set which the Senate will function. regarding the limitation of debate for up by the rules, they came on for debate, Mr. HOLLAND. Does not the Senator the coming 2 years-is quite a different full debate followed, and, in the end, recall that the ruling by Vice President question. compromise settlements were made and Nixon was simply an advisory ruling, not As the Senator knows, I am urging very meaningful amendments were a ruling that was binding and would the adoption of a very moderate modifi adopted on both occasions. establish a precedent of the Senate? cation of the existing rule, which would The first occasion was one under Mr. CHURCH. The Senator is quite have the effect of reducing from two which the original rule of 1917 was correct; however, I repeat that the prece thirds to three-fifths the number of Sen amended so as to bring under the opera dent, if one were established, would be ators present and voting required to in tion of the rule the motion to take up just strictly in accord with the advisory rul voke cloture. as had heretofore been the case with ings of both Vice President Nixon and Mr. HOLLAND. The Senator is, of reference to the consideration of the bill Vice President HUMPHREY. course, proceeding in a much more mod or resolution itself, but not as to the Mr. HOLLAND. Then, it was not the erate course than some of his friends and motion to take up. In effect, this meant intention of the distinguished Senator to associates have followed in the past. But that unlimited debate on the motion to indicate that either of the two distin the Senator from Florida is deeply con take up was made as subject to rule guished Vice Presidents whom he has cerned about the procedure the Senator XXII as any other proceeding; and that named were actually issuing ruling bind from 'Idaho is invoking and about his was regarded as a very material con ing upon the Senate to the effect that attempt to set up a precedent which the cession at the time of its adoption in he has stated? Senator from Florida thinks is clothed the regular way. Mr. ~HURCH. I think that is only with unmeasured danger to the prestige The second time the amendments came within the power of the Senate itself to of the Senate and to its fulfilling the up, as the Senator from Florida recalls do. function of stability in our Government those amendments, several changes were Mr. HOLLAND. Then, this is a matter which it was designed to fulfill. made. One was to reduce from two-thirds of first a determination by the Senate as I should like to ask one more question constitutional membership of the Senate to whether the resolution now offered by of the Senator. The Senator lays great to two-thirds of the membership present the distinguished Senat.or from Idaho stress on majority, Is it not true that by and voting-assuming that a quorum was ,and other Senators should be adopted, a majority vote of the Senate, the Senate present and voting-the number of votes and thus set a precedent in the existing has twice made substantial amendments required to close debate. Senate, under which precedent a mere to rule XXII since its immediate adop Another amendment made at that bare majority of the Senate, at the be tion in 1917? time, I believe in rule XXXII or other ginning of each and every Congress, Mr. CHURCH. Yes; the Senator is wise in the rules, provided that the could completely rewrite the rules if that correct. amendment of rule XXII could be made mere majority wished to do so? Mr. HOLLAND. Then there is no con only under the very terms of the rules Mr. CHURCH. Yes, the Senator is cor tention, is there, on the part of any Sen themselves. rect; and, I might add, such a precedent ator, that assuming that authors of a All I can say at this time, without re would be exactly in accord with article proposed amendment to rule XXII, or to arguing the matter, is that those friends VI, section 5, of the Constitution. any other rule, proceed in accordance of mine in the Senate who were very Mr. HOLLAND. The Senator from with Senate rules, the final issue will be anxious to amend by weakening-emas Florida respectfully differs with his dis determined-and has been determined culating, if I may use that word-rule tinguished friend from Idaho on that in the past, on at least two occasions as XXII seemed quite happy about the point. He thinks that the traditions of to this very rule--by a majority of the adoption of the amendments in that in- the Senate, the intentions of the Found Senate? stance. · ing Fathers, and the unwillingness of the Mr. CHURCH. I would say to the Sen The feature I see in this matter is this: Senate, as heretofore shown on many oc t..tor that on two occasions in the past it Instead of showing willingness under the casions, to follow the course now sug has proved possible, within the rules, to rules, instead of willingness to proceed gested by his distinguished friends all modify rule XXII. But that is not the without establishing a hurtful precedent, show that it is not a part of the Senate's entire story, by any means, because on the distinguished Senators who offer this operation to exercise at the beginning of many occasions in the past it has proved resolution make it very clear, as already each Congress such sweeping power by a impossible to alter rule XXII, simply be conceded by the distinguished Senator mere majority of the Senate. cause of the restrictive provisions of the from Idaho, that the setting up of the The Senator from Florida thinks that rule itself; that is to say, we have man precedent that a majority of the Senate, it would be a real disaster to establish aged to modify rule XXII only when a mere majority, can change rule XXII such a precedent with respect to the sta those Senators opposing the change per at the beginning of any Congress means bility of the Senate. It was for the pur mitted the majority to vote by refraining that such a majority can at the begin pose of insuring stability that the Senate from resorting to a filibuster. ning of any Congress completely rewrite was created as 1t is now set up and as it The Senator speaks of his abhorrence the rules. now exists. It would be distressing if such of affirming a constitutional principle As a matter of fact, the Senator from action were to lead to the complete de which seems to me to be absolutely sound. Idaho may recall that one of our distin struction of that stability, in the humble If he does have this abhorrence, I sug guished colleagues, no longer a Member opinion of the Senator from Florida. gest to him that we would not have to of the Senate--! do not know whether the I note in the able statement made by utilize this procedure, if we could get to fact that he offered all those additional January ·10, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 423 rules had anything to do with his unfor The Senator, I am sure, was edified by We discussed just what was meant by tunate departure from our midst-the some of those statements or in seeing this release. I asked the distinguished former distinguished Senator from Penn some of those television interviews. Senator if he was giving up his long-held sylvania, offered, as I recall, some nine The Senator from Florida is indebted objective to adopt majority cloture in the it may have been less; it may have been at this time to his distinguished friend Senate. He said he was not. He said he more-changes in the rules which he from Michigan, who, acting for himself was most interested, as he stated in this wanted incorporated at the beginning of and the distinguished Senator from New sentence, in the establishment of the a session, giving very clear evidence that York, gave to me on Wednesday after principle, meaning a precedent in the a general rewriting of the rules is entirely noon, January 8, at 5:15 p.m., a release Senate under which the Senate would possible in the event such a precedent is prepared by those two Senators, which proceed by majority vote without refer adopted. I thought was being made that day, but ence to its rules and without proceeding Some Members of the Senate, as we all it appeared in the press the next day. I under its rules to change rule XXII. have been shown clearly, wish to go very do not know just when the statement was If I have incorrectly stated the mat much farther than does the distinguished released. It is dated January 9. ter in any way I would be very happy to Senator from Idaho and his associates~ Mr. President, I have that release and have the Senator from Idaho yield to Mr. CHURCH. Let me say, in reply to I ask unanimous consent that it be the Senator from Michigan because I the excellent summation of the history printed at this point in the RECORD, sim have attempted to relate with complete on the matter of rule XXII which, so far ply to be fair to both Senators so that accuracy the very cordial conference as I can recall, has been rendered in a the statement may appear in full. which we had. most accurate way by the distinguished There being no objection, the state Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, I yield Senator from Florida, that, first of all, I ment was ordered to be printed in the to the Senator from Michigan. do not share his apparent fear that the RECORD, as follows: Mr. HART. Mr. President, the Senator Senate is likely to adopt majority cloture. JOINT STATEMENT OF SENATORS JACOB K. from Florida has accurately summarized I do not believe that any of us will ever JAVITS AND PHILIP HART ON THE EFFORT the pleasant visit I had with him some see the day when that will happen, so To CHANGE RULl!l XXII, JANUARY 9, 1969 days ago. The Senator from New York strongly embedded in the tradition of In the best interests of bringing about a (Mr. JAVITS) is in the Chamber and he the Senate is the privilege of extended meaningful change in Rule XXII, we an can respond for himself at this point if nounce today our full support of a resolu he cares to make additional comment. debate. tion providing for cloture upon an affirmative Second, let me say that I, for one, vote of three-fifths of the Senators present It is quite true that the Senator from would oppose majority cloture. I have al and voting. We also announce that the prin New York and I have long felt, and I ways opposed it. I oppose it now. As long cipal sponsors of this resolution will be Sen believe we are not alone in this feeling as I stay in the Senate I anticipate that ators Frank Church and James Pearson. although undoubtedly we do not have I will continue to oppose it. We will withhold our own amendment for two-thirds on this point of view-that Third, let me say in reply to the Sen cloture on the vote of 51 Senators to help the Senate, given the kind of world in this consolidation of strength in the Senate which we live, would be a much more ef ator that, at an appropriate time in this behind the so-called 60 percent amendment. debate, I will supply for the RECORD a list We feel it is our duty to work primarily for fective instrument in response to some of the many times attempts have been the acceptance of the principle that the Sen of the pressures of this world if, after made, within the rules, to modify rule ate is empowered at the beginning of each extended debate, a majority were per XXII, after the commencement of a new Congress to change its own rules without mitted to vote yes or no on some compel Congress, frequently on bland assurances being subject to th~~ very rules and we ling question and not be denied by a mi that it would prove possible to do so. But believe our best approach at this time is to nority of that right to say yes or no. consolidate our efforts with those of Sen What the Senator from Florida did not it did not prove possible. This list should ators supporting a three-fifths rule. Under make it apparent to all why it is neces this proposed revision, all procedures for discuss at the time of that visit was the sary to make the attempt at the com invoking cloture, with the exception of sub form of the majority cloture resolution mencement of a new Congress, when a stituting three-fifths for two-thirds, will re which the Senator from New York, and majority can assert the constitutional main as they are now. I, and other Senators have suggested on prerogative I believe exists, and Presid We are convinced that the filibuster, so occasion. capable of use by a determined minority as Mr. HOLLAND. The Senator is correct. ing Officers of the Senate believe exists. an extra constitutional weapon to defeat or I wish to say to the distinguished Sen We had no discussion of form. emasculate vital legislation, is inconsistent Mr. HART. Since it is not pending in ator from Florida that if an assurance with the national interest and becoming were given that we could bring a three even more dangerous each year as our na this session of the Senate, and as far as fifths rule proposal to a vote, within the tional and international problems become I know no one has any intention of in rules, I would be happy to proceed in more complex. troducing it, I would say briefly it con that way. templated debate of some 5 weeks' dura Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I shall tion before a cloture petition under that Mr. HOLLAND. If the Senator is in read from that statement these two par proposal could be . laid down. Knowing viting me to give him such an assurance, ticular sentences: the customs, traditions, and abilities of I would simply say I am unable to do so, We will withhold our own amendment for my colleagues, I am sure that 5 weeks and I am sure the Senator from Idaho cloture on the vote of 51 Senators to help would be fully utilized. Indeed, it might would equally say that he would be un this consolidation of strength in the Senate able to speak for the Senate in any mat behind the so-called 60 percent amendment. be that the procedure which would be as ter so controversial. We feel it is our duty to work primarily for serted against the proposal to take up Now, Mr. President, aside from the dis the acceptance of the principle that the Sen whatever the substantive proposal might ate is empowered at the beginning of each be would take 5 weeks; and after we were tinguished former Senator from Penn Congress to change its own rules without be able to get it up, perhaps another 5 weeks. sylvania, whom I have mentioned, it is ing subject to those very rules and we believe It has always been the feeling of some well known that shortly prior to the con our best approach at this time is to consoli of us that in a period of many weeks vening of the present Congress state date our efforts with those of Senators sup it is possible to clarify a question around ments were made in the press and on porting a three-fifths rule. here. It is fine we have extended debate, television by two of our most distin I am glad that my distinguished friend but to deny a majority eventually the guished Senators, both of whom I see in from Michigan is in the Chamber. We right to act, We think, is wrong, and the the Senate Chamber at this time-the discussed this matter rather frankly at matter is as simple as that. distinguished Senator from Michigan the time he gave me this release. It was The Senator from New York and I, in (Mr. HART), formerly the Lieutenant at that time, incidentally, that he gave our news release, attempted to make Governor of that great State, and the me a copy of the proposed resolution, clear that we have a primary objective, distinguished Senator from New York without however the names of the au along with many other Senators, of (Mr. JAVITS), formerly the attorney gen thors, although he stated to me the two establishing the proposition that the Sen eral of that great State-that they in principal authors who were going to off er ate, the Senator from Florida, the Sen tended to offer at the beginning of this it. I do not know if he knew at that time ator from Idaho, the Senator from Mich session a proposal under which rule XXII who all the cosponsors would be. He was igan, the Senator from California, and would be changed so as to allow cloture thoroughly candid, and he was thor other Senators who have never had a by a mere majority. oughly frank. I appreciate that. crack at these rules yet, have the right 424 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 10, 1969 in this body by action of a majority to wanted to say that not just two amend say the essence of this question is the write the ticket under which we shall ments of rule X:XII have been made in Co~stitution, where article I, section 2 proceed. recent years. I do not have the exact states: It did not off end the Founding Fathers number, but I would say some dozens Each House may determine the Rules of its in 1789. Explicitly we were told we can certainly at least a dozen or more Proceedings, * * •. write our rules, and we take the position amendments to various rules have been that a majority of the Senate in 1840, made, and without difficulty, under the ·The fact is that in the other body they or 1917, or 1959 does not have the right rule. do act upon the rules at the beginning to prevent a majority of Senators in I am suggesting to the distinguished of every Congress. In this body we do January 1969, by majority action, to write Senator from Michigan that if he wants not. We do not because we cannot, be their rules. to propose amendments, that he work cause we are prevented by our own rules. This, to us, seems not to be a surpris under the rules of the Senate. It has not We have tied our own hands. We have ing proposition. To the contrary, it seems proved to be difficult for changes to be manacled ourselves for years and years to us to be the "meat and potatoes" of accomplished under such noncontrover and years. We have been unable to cast the way a society such as ours operates. sial matters as the one which he has just off these handcuffs, that when the Sen The Senator from New York, I know, mentioned. ator from Michigan and I said what we will respond, but I do not want to be put Mr. HART. I agree with the Senator did, that we are laying everything aside, in the position of appearing to be apolo from Florida that it has not been difficult including the urgings of our convictions in terms of what really should be a fair gizing for entertaining a convictio~ t~at if one is working to amend a rule that a after full debate has occurred, a maJonty general of the armies can come in here, rule for closure of debate, that is what of this body-we like to think of our but if we are acting to establish that a we meant. We felt that the principle in selves as not being completely irresponsi majority can act in a sensitive area, it is volved, that the Senate could change the ble fellows-may be permitted to say yes very difficult. rules by majority vote, was more impor or no on a rollcall. Mr. HOLLAND. While I would like to tant than the individual rule change it I welcome the opportunity. I am grate ask some questions of the Senator from self. ful to the Senator from Florida. I know Idaho for that purpose, he has the floor. The very gentlemen who feel in their I have not persuaded him, but we shall I am glad to yield again. sage wisdom that they now should con not apologize for ·our feeling that a ma Mr. CHURCH. I was merely going to tinue this process which has gone on for jority of this body today-in the days of suggest that if the Senator from Florida years in frustration, may rue the day the opening session-has a right to re has finished with the questions he in should Congress be paralyzed because of view and act by majority on every vote. tends to direct to me, I might relinquish the inability of the Senate to act on a For example, lest I forget, in a Demo the floor so that we can proceed to yield matter vitally important to the Nation. cratic caucus a few days ago, I discovered to the Senator from New York. The Constitution does not say one that there is a rule which authorizes ad Mr. HOLLAND. I will be happy for the House. It says: mission to the floor of the Senate while Senator to relinquish the floor. Now, Mr. Each House may determine the rules of its we are in session a whole list of people President, since I have the floor i~ my PI'.Oceedings. and categories. I did not know that we own right, since the release which I Well, the House of Representatives opened the doors to so many. I have no placed in the RECORD, and I quote, "The does. We do not. We do not, by an extra quarrel with any of it, actually, but sup Joint Statement of Senators JACOB JAvrrs constitutional provision which has, some pose a majority in 1969 discovered that and PHILIP HART on the Efforts To how, become engrafted in the rules and there was a very compelling reason why Change Rule XXII"-since I have al has escaped our every ability to unlock the floor of the Senate should not be open ready said that it was read to me by the ourselves from that restriction making it to the general commanding the armies, Senator from Michigan, but for the two two-thirds instead of a majority. There as he is one of the individuals who can of them-that is, for himself and the is nothing about that in the Constitu come in here at any time; or that there Senator from New York-I would be very tion, just in the rules of the Senate. But is a compelling reason why judges of the ha);>py to yield, if the Senator from New it is just as effective as a veto of the courts of claims should not come in here York the view of individ unanimous consent that the order for question. It may very well be-we are uals concerning that incident--most un the quorum call be rescinded. very sophisticated here-that all of this fortunate, in my judgment, particularly The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without stalling around has been based on the as regards some of its political conse objection, it is so ordered. desire to await January 20 to get the quences in Lebanon and elsewhere-let new team on the job. However, does the us not miss the forest for the trees. Senator from Missouri agree with me, The fact is that Israel and the pres NOTICE OF FffiST MEETING OF since this is January 10, and only 1-0 days ervation of Israel still remains a "basic THE AMERICAN GROUP OF THE from January 20, that unless the process tenet" of U.S. policy as John Foster INTERPARLIAMENTARY UNION which he outlined is started now there Dulles put it, because Israel is a bastion is not going to be any change when there of freedom in the Middle East. Therefore, Mr. ALLOTT. Mr. President, I ask is a changing of the guard in Paris; that U.S. policy is organized so as to assure unanimous consent that I may pro we will see revealed an effort to block Israel's preservation. This requires us to ceed for 10 minutes on extraneous mat negotiations; and that the time is right keep our eyes on the whole situation, ters, without regard to the rule of ger that the present team has to get on the rather than one event. maneness. job to do what the Senator is saying? Several days ago 16 Senators issued The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President, as a declaration to put this entire situation objection to the request of the Senator usual the able Senator goes to the heart in true perspective. They expressed their from Colorado? The Chair hears none, of a situation. The thrust of this address judgment that the Middle East is the and it is so ordered. is let us get on with it so these strung area in the world where the danger of Mr. ALLOTT. Mr. President, the first out procedural negotations develop into war is most acute. That statement is sup meeting in the 91st Congress of the actual substantive negotiations. ported by what we have seen happening American group of the Interparliamen Mr. JAVITS. I thank the Senator. in the last few days. Putting the situation tary Union will be held at 10 o'clock Mr. SYMINGTON. I thank the Sena in focus does no: mean that any views as Wednesday morning, January 29, in the tor for his constructive contribution. to the Beirut incident need to be aban Senate conference room, S-207, in the doned by anyone who would entertain Senate wing of the Capitol. As each Sen them, including our Government. ator knows, all Members of the Senate ORDER OF BUSINESS The United Nations Security Council are members of the American group, and resolution of J.Jecember 31 failed to take all are eligible to attend. The meeting Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I ask account of the very real threat to the will be given over to the election of offi unanimous consent that the rule of survival of Israel caused by activities of cers for 1969-70, and to other matters germaneness may be waived so that I various Arab nations surrounding Israel of an organizational nature. I hope as may proceed for 10 minutes. and including, unhappily, activities orig many as can will plan to be present. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. inating in Lebanon. ALLEN in the chair) . Is there objection? The important thing is that we should The Chair hears no objection, and it is keep in focus what is at stake here. Above THE U.S.S. "PUEBLO" INCIDENT so orde.red. The rule of germaneness is everything else, we must profit from our Mr. ALLOTT. Mr. President, as an waived by unanimous consent. experience of 1953and1957. At that time, American, I rejoiced with all other Amer The Senator from New York is recog the United States exerted great pressure nized. icans on Christmas Eve when the 81 on Israel to withdraw its forces from the living crew members of the U.S.S. Pueblo Sinai. To the later regret of President were released by their captors, the North THE CRISIS IN THE MIDDLE EAST Eisenhower, promises made at the time Koreans. were not fulfilled and they were While I remain deeply grateful that Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, the other breached-to Israel's severe disadvan the Pueblo crew has been returned to area of tension and conflagration that tage. Subsequently the United States was safety in these United States, the man the Senator from Missouri should have placed in a most embarrassing and dif ner in which their release was arranged spoken of in addition to Vietnam is the ficult situation especially 10 years later has some disturbing aspects to it. With Middle East. when war erupted again because of a out wishing to at all dampen the good In the newspapers this morning, the breakdown in the agreements and ar will owed these men for their service to headlines refer to Soviet effo.rts to bring rangements which the United States had their country, I do believe a few com about some kind of peace in that area unwritten in 1957. ments are in order. under its leadership, generally headlined At the outset let me make it clear that as "An Imposed Accord," as one news my concern for these men and their paper referred to the matter. NOTICE OF HEARINGS ON families is no less genuine and human This is a dangerous situation for the ELECTORAL REFORM itarian than those who arranged for United States. I have been in the Medi Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Pres their release. terranean just recently and spent a day However, I cannot help but believe that aboard a U.S. 6th Fleet carrier which ident, I ask unanimous consent that I may be permitted to read into the REC the final chapter of this phase of the was constantly shadowed by a Soviet de Pueblo ORD a statement by the Senator from In affair has not yet been written. stroyer. The situation in the Mediter diana (Mr. BAYH). Many questions must be answered, and ranean is now one where a large Soviet the American people have the right to fleet--nuclear armed-faces a great The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. know the answers. American fleet, nuclear armed. We must The timing of this affair appears to me remember that in the 6-day war in 1967 Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Pres ident, Mr. BAYH's statement is as follows: to be the most curious. If we intended to the radical Arabs attempted to involve admit before the whole world that we the Soviet Union and the United States Mr. President, I wish to advise the Senate were wrong, and then to deny that our by false statements that U.S. planes were that the Senate Subcommittee on Constitu tional Amendments will hold hearings on apology was valid, did we have to wait 11 being used against the Arab States. With January 23 and 24 on proposals relating to months to do it? that kind of highly irresponsible situ Electoral reform. The hearings will begin at In the spring of 1968, during hearings ation in the Middle East anything can 10:00 a.m. in G308 (auditorium) of the New before the Defense Appropriations Com happen. Therefore, it is a situation which Senate Office Building. Persons interested in mittee, I raised the question of Whether January 10, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD_: SENATE 433 or not we would apologize for this inci lied. But more than anything else that Much the same situation obtains in dent. I was told by Defense Department will be revealed through investigation, respect to the minorities of the Mexican officials in substance that-and I cannot the American people need to know that Americans. Somehow their case comes to quote them directly because this occurred we will never suffer another Pueblo. be ignored, sloughed off, and forgotten. during a classified part of the hearing We need to know that the enemy, be Yet their rights deserve protection just such a move would be unthinkable on our they North Koreans, Chinese, East Ger as much as any other segment of the part because it would cause a great loss mans, Soviets, or whoever, will not get American population. of honor and prestige to the United away with a Pueblo ever again. The Mr. President, I am ashamed-some States. I asked DOD officials a simple American people need such assurance, times deeply ashamed-for the public question in reply: "What prestige?" I told but the enemy needs it even more. utterances of some of my very learned them in substance that "when a fourth colleagues who consistently discriminate rate power can hijack one of our ships on against the minority called "conserva the high seas and get away with it, what AMENDMENT OF RULE XXII tives." This name is applied often as an honor and prestige are you talking epithet against those who do not embrace about?" The Senate resumed the consideration of the motion of the Senator from Mich change for change's sake alone; who So a move which was unthinkable in want to make sure that a different course the spring became policy by winter. How igan (Mr. HART) to proceed to consider the resolution riefiy reviewing lege, where instructors have gone on land. the oontent of these sessions, I hope to con strike in support of student anarchists, The Worcester statement opens by affirming vey to you the nature of our greeting and should no longer be tolerated by the re the institute's belief in individual freedom. the sincerity of our welcome. But "academic freedom is not academic li We began by emphasizing our desire to sponsible agencies of g-overnment upon cense, and the right to criticize and protest estabUsh meaningful communication with which most of our colleges and univer is not the right to disrupt or to interfere the omce of the President. We went consid sities depend. with the freedom of others." The statement erably beyond that, however. We evaluated Columnist Kilpatrick praised Gover continues: with President Abram the inevitable tend nor Reagan of California for his forth "Students enter Worcester Tech volun ency of universities to flt themselves into right pronouncement that the colleges tarily. They apply presumably because they existing and familiar patterns. Habit, of wish to further their education and hopefully course, is no longer justified, as we are today must b~ kept open, that they must not because they believe Worcester Tech, with its confronted with a demand for radical re be surrendered to those who would de traditions and reputation, 1s capable of ad forms. Distinguished universities have begun stroy them and I commend him, too. we vancing their intellectual attainments. Stu to realize that educational reevaluation must need more public officials willing to stand dents come to learn, to be guided, not to be based upon present and future require firm against insurrection. direct. ments, rather than on precedent or tradition, The column cites the experience of "If they do not like some of the rules and however ancient or hallowed. Januadvice and consent to the appointments tion. Many voices have been raised re a proper graduate education ought to be; it cently in favor of some form of deten is even more difficult to determine how the of Mr. Rogers and Mr. Richardson as soon as possible after President-elect tion for those persons accused of crimes undergraduate ought to be educated. When when the pretrial release of such person an increasing number of students plan grad Nixon takes office. uate study, a university such as Brandeis, The public hearing on January 15 orig poses a substantial danger to the safety which is, and ·must remain, primarily an inally scheduled has been deferred be of the community. Serious constitutional undergraduate institution, runs the risk of cause it was felt that Mr. Rogers could and policy questions are raised by that becoming merely a corridor-the la.st cham not be expected at this time to answer proposal and will require detailed study ber before the really important room is en questions relating to specific issues of and analysis by the subcommittee. tered. Obviously, the undergraduate's experi foreign policy before President-elect It is the subcommittee's intention to ence is considerably affected. This is not hear from the broadest spectrum of simply a matter of raising questions about Nixon's inauguration and address on the adequacy of a particular curriculum. We January 20. A subsequent public hearing, opinion possible upon which to base any discussed with Dr. Abram the more basic or subsequent hearings, will provide recommendations and additional legis questions that are raised. The primary issue members of the committee with an op lation. I ask unanimous consent that becomes one of educational integrity. We portunity to question the new Secretary there be inserted at this point a list of suggested that this must be judged not by of State without being inhibited by the witnesses who will testify at the subcom the standards of others, but by the Brandeis restrictions that applv before January 20. mittee's hearings. community, which we envision as a face-to There being no objection, the list was face academic unit in which there is internal ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as coherence, shared membership, and high morale. ANNOUNCEMENT OF HEARINGS ON follows: Shared membership does not mean stu PRETRIAL RELEASE WITNESS LIST FOR HEARINGS ON BAIL REFORM dent rule. It does mean, however, the neces ACT OF 1966, SUBCOMMITI'EE ON CONSTITU sity of the students assuming principal re Mr. ERVIN. Mr. President, as chair TIONAL RIGHTS, ROOM 2228, NEW SENATE sponsib111ty for making decisions about man of the Subcommittee on Constitu OFFICE BUILDING themselves as individuals, and, further, our tional Rights of tht: Senate Judiciary TUESDAY, JANUARY 21, 1969, AT 9:30 A.M. expectation that we will be given a share Committee, I am pleased to announce Honorable George L. Hart, Jr., Judge, in shaping decisions of an educational na that the subcommittee will begin 6 days United States District Court for the District ture and those affecting the general drift of hearings on January 21, 1969, on the of Columbia; Chairman, Judicial Council of university policy. We requested from Dr. subject of pretrial release in the Federal Committee to Study the Operation of the Abram, then, only a partial role, but a courts. The hearings will be held on Jan Bail Reform Act in the District of Columbia. meaningful one, which does not mean mere uary 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, and 30, 1969, in Honorable Harold H. Greene, Chief Judge, advisory status. District of Columbia Court of General Ses We agreed, finally, upon the necessity for room 2228 of the New Senate Office Building beginning 9: 30 a.m. each morn sions. a clear, unequivocal commitment by Honorable David G. Bress, United States Brandeis University to play a vigorous, con ing. Attorney for the District of Columbia. structive role in the surrounding commun These hearings will be the first of a Mr. Bruce D. Beaudin, Director, District of ity, and to reorient its program toward the series devoted to comprehensive review Columbia Bail Agency. pressing social and economic needs of our of the operation of the Bail Reform Act country. of 1966 and related laws and procedural WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 22, AT 9:30 A.M. These were the issues which we have con rules in the light of the experience gath Honorable Joseph D. Tydings, United States sidered in the past few weeks. I should not Senator from Maryland. give the impression that the opinions of ered during the 2 % years of its opera Honorable Charles W. Halleck, Judge, Dis the students and of Dr. Abram are identical. tion. During the hearings we will give trict of Columbia Court of General Sessions. That is far from the case, and, to the extent detailed attention to the various legisla Mr. William Dobrovir, Staff Director, Dis that we differ, the student body pledges to tive and administrative proposals which trict of Columbia Committee on Administra remain the loyal opposition: prodding, ques have been suggested by Members of Con tion of Justice During Emergency Conditions. tioning, demanding reasoned responses, and gress, judges, law enforcement officials Mrs. Patricia M. Wald, Washington, D.C. so forth. and other interested and informed per Attorney, Member, Judicial Council Commit I feel, however, that our approaches are sons. The greatest need for any changes tee to Study the Bail Reform Act; Commis generally similar, and that we are proposing seems to have arisen in the District of sioner, President's Commission on Crime in the same questions concerning how a col the District of Columbia. lege community ought to be organized, what Columbia where many violent crimes are services it must provide, and what demands committed by persons on pretrial re THURSDAY, JANUARY 23, AT 9:30 A.M. it may legitimately make of its students. lease. The District is the only jurisdic Mr. Lawrence Speiser, Director, Washing The student body looks forward to work- tion where ordinary crimes of violence ton Office, American Civil Liberties Union. 444 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 10, 1969 Mr. Alan M. Dershowitz, Professor of Law, NOMINATIONS 023213, Army of the United States (briga Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachu- dier general, U.S. Army). setts. · Executive nominations received by the - Maj. Gen. John MHton Hightower, 023531, Major General Charles L. Decker, Director, Senate January 10, 1969: · Army of the United States (brigadier gen National Defender Project of the National eral, U.S. Army). Legal Aid and Defender Association. IN THE NAVY Vice Adm. George G. Burkley, Medical Maj. Gen. Charles Pershing Brown, 023544, Mrs. Barbara B. Bowman, Legal Aid Agency Army of the United States (brigadier gen for the District of Columbia; Member, Ju Corps, U.S. Navy, retired, for permanent ap pointment to the grade of vice admiral on eral, U.S. Army). dicial Council Committee to Study the Bail · Lt. Gen. William Bradford Rosson, 023556, Reform Act. the retired list pursuant to article II, sec tion 2, clause 2, of the Constitution. Army of the United States (brigadier gen TUESDAY, JANUARY 28, AT 9:30 A.M. Having designated Rear Adm. William P. eral, U.S. Army). Honorable Tim Murphy, Judge, District Mack, U.S. Navy, for commands and other Maj. Gen. Willard Pearson, 044466, Army of Columbia Court of General Sessions; duties determined by the President to be of the United States (brigadier general, U.S. Member, Judicial Council Committee to within the contemplation of title 10, United Army). Study the Bail Reform Act. States Code, section 5231, I nominate him Maj. Gen. Charles Marsden Duke, 021753, Mr. Harry I. Subin, Associate Director, for appointment to the grade of vice ad Army _of the United States (brigadier gen Vera Institute of Justice, New York, New miral while so serving. eral, U.S. Army). York. Lt. Donald W. Stauffer, U.S. Navy, for ap Maj. Gen. Charles Martin Gettys, 044181, Honorable Patrick V. Murphy, Administra pointment to the grade of lieutenant com- · Army of the United States (brigadier general, tor, Law Enforcement Assistance Adminis mander while serving as Leader of the U.S. U.S. Army). tration, United States Department of Jus Navy Band in accordance with article II, Maj. Gen. Wendell John Coats, 022964, tice. section 2, clause 2, of the Constitution. ·Army of the United States (brigadier general, U.S. Army). Mr. Charles Murray, Washington, D.C. At IN THE ARMY torney, Member, American Bar Association Maj. Gen. Roland Merrill Gleszer, 023278, Advisory Committee on the Criminal Trial. Gen. Robert William Porter, Jr., 018048, Army of the United States (brigadier general, Army of the United States (major general, U.S. Army). WEDNESDAY, JANUAR? 29, AT 9:30 A.M. U.S. Army), to be placed on the retired list Maj. Gen. Charles Thompson Horner, Jr., Mr. James F. Hewitt, Attorney in Charge, in the grade of general under the provisions 023530, 4rmY of the United States (brigadier Federal Criminal Defense Office, the Legal of title 10, United States Code, section 3962. general, U.S. Army). Aid Society of San Francisco. The following-named officer under the pro The following nS:med officers for appoint Mr. Tom Karas, Office of Federal Criminal visions of title 10, United States Code, sec ment in the Regular Air Force to the grades · Defense, Maricopa County Legal Aid Society, tion 3066, to be assigned to a position of indicated, under the provisions of chapter Phoenix, Arizona. importance and responsib111ty designated by 835, title 10 of the United States Code: Mr. Harry D. Steward, Executive Director, the President under subsection (a) of sec IN THE Am FORCE Defenders, Inc., Federal Court Office, San tion 3066, in grade as follows: To be major generals Diego, California. To be general THURSDAY, JANUARY 30, AT 9:30 A.M. Maj. Gen. Paul T. Cooper, FR4861 (briga Lt. Gen. George Robinson Mather, 018696, dier general, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Honorable Alfred P. Murrah, Oklahoma Army of the United States (major general, Force. City, Oklahoma, Chief Judge, United States U.S. Army). Maj. Gen. Robert H. Mccutcheon, FR4150 Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit; Chair The following-named officers for appoint (brigadier general, Regular Afr Force) U.S. man, American Bar Association Advisory ment in the Regular Army of the United Air Force. Committee on Pretrial Proceedings. States to the grade indicated under the pro Maj. Gen. Ernest C. Hardin, Jr., FR8211 Dean Charles E. Ares, School of Law, Uni visions of title 10, United States Code, sec (brigadier general, Regular Air Force) U.S. versity of Arizona, Reporter, American Bar tions 3284 and 3307: Air Force. Association Advisory Committee on Pretrial To be major generals Maj. Gen. Chesley G. Peterson, FR9383· Proceedings. Maj. Gen. Chester Lee Johnson, 020681, (brigadier general, Regular Air Force) U.S. Professor Paul E. Wilson, School of Law, Air Force. University of Kansas. Army of the United States (brigadier gen eral, U.S. Army). · Maj. Gen. John L. Locke, FR4042 (brigadier Maj. Gen. Walter Edward Lotz, Jr., 021090, general, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Army of the United States (brigadier gen Maj. Gen. Kenneth C. Dempster, FR4633 RECESS TO MONDAY, JANUARY 13, eral, U.S. Army). (brigadier general, Regular Air Force) U.S. 1969 Maj. Gen. Frank Wade Norris, 021110, Air Force. Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Pres Army of the United States (brigadier gen Maj. Gen. John M. McNabb, FR5037 (briga ident, if there be no further business eral, U.S. Army). dier general, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Lt. Gen. William Raymond Peers, 021366, Force. to come before the Senate I move, in Army of the United States (brigadier gen Maj. Gen. John L. Martin, Jr., FR7556 accordance with the previous order, that eral, U.S. Army). (brigadier general, Regular Air Force) U.S. the Senate stand in recess until 12 Maj. Gen. Robert Riis Ploger, 021760, Army Air Force. o'clock noon on :Monday next. of the United States (brigadier general, U.S. Maj. Gen. Lee V. Gossick, FR8679 (briga The motion was agreed to; and (at Army). dier general, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air 3 o'clock and 18 minutes p.m.) the Sen Maj. Gen. Walter Evans Brinker, 021776, Force. ate took a recess until Monday, January Army of the United States (brigadier gen Maj. Gen. William H. Reddell, FR8874 13, 1969, at 12 o'clock meridian. eral, U.S. Army). (brigadier general, Regular Air Force) U.S. Maj. Gen. Phillip Buford Davidson, Jr., Air Force. 021969, Army of the United States (briga Maj. Gen. Richard D. Reinbold, FR8927 dier general, U.S. Army). (brigadier general, Regular Air Force) U.S. NOMINATIONS Maj. Gen. Edward Paul Smith, 022063, Air Force. Executive nominations received by the Army of the United States (brigadier gen Maj. Gen. W111iam C. Garland, FR8934 Senate after adjournment of the Senate eral, U.S. Army). (brigadier general, Regular Air Force) U.S. on January 9, 1969, under authority of Maj. Gen. Stephen Wheeler Downey, Jr., Air Force. 022649, Army of the United States (briga Maj. Gen. David C. Jones, FR9887 (briga the order of the Senate of January 9, dier general, U.S. Army). 1969: . dier general, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Maj. Gen. Patrick Francis Cassidy, 032809, Force. U.S. Cmcu1T JUDGE Army Of the United States (brigadier gen Maj. Gen. Russell E. Dougherty, FR9985 Harold Barefoot Sanders, Jr., of Texas, eral, U.S. Army). (brigadier general, Regular Air Force) U.S. to be U.S. circuit judge, District of Columbia Maj. Gen. Robert Ray Will1ams, 022962, Air Force. circuit, vice Charles Fahy, retired. Army of the United States (brigadier gen Maj. Gen. Roland A. Campbell, FR4535 U.S. DISTRICT JUDGES eral, U.S. Army). (brigadier general, Regular Air Force) U.S. David C. Bress, of the District of Columbia, Maj. Gen. Henry Augustine Miley, Jr., Air Force. to be U.S. district judge for the District of 022993, Army of the United States (brigadier Maj. Gen. Paul K. Carlton, FR8693 (briga Columbia, vice Joseph C. McGarraghy, general, U.S. Army). dier general, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air retired. Lt. Gen. Donald Vivian Bennett, 023001, Force. William M. Byrne, Jr., of California, to be Army of the United States (brigadier gen Maj. Gen. George M. Johnson, Jr., FR8810 U.S. district judge for the central district of eral, U.S. Army). (brigadier general, Regular Air Force) U.S. California, vice Peirson M. Hall, retired. Maj. Gen. John McNair Wright, Jr., 023057, Air Force. Cecil F. Poole, of California, to be U.S. Army of the United States (brigadier gen Maj. General Joseph R. DeLuca, FR33749· district judge for the northern district of eral, U.S. Army). (brigadier general, Regular Air Force) California. (New position.) Maj. Gen. Leland George Cagwin, 023200, U.S. Air Force. James P. Alger, of Utah, to be judge of the Army of the United States (brigadier gen Maj. Gen. Jammie M. Philpott, FR13694 district court of Guam for the term of 8 eral, U.S. Army). (brigadier general, Regular Air Force) U.S. years, vice Paul D. Shriver, resigning. Maj. Gen. Richard Thomas Cassidy, Air Force. January 10, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 445
To be brigadier generals Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Crouch, FR19192, To be first lieutenants (Dental) Brig. Gen. Robert L. Cardenas, FR5056 Regular Air Force, medical. Alpern, Sandee A., 3197311. (colonel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. Robert L. Petit, FR5213, Regular Long, Robert P., 3167214. Brig. Gen. James S. Cheney, FR8336 (colo Air Force. Nosworthy, Donald G., 3203654. nel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. Robert J. Gibbons, FR3978, Reg Schutt, Norman L., 3166921. ular Air Force. Brig. Gen. W1lliam S. Chairsell, FR8501 To be first lieutenant (Judge Advocate) (colonel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. Clifford J . Kronauer, Jr., FR7750, Brig. Gen. Paul R. Stoney, FR9083 (colo Regular Air Force. Keller, Richard 0., 3158377. nel; Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. John W. Kline, FR5084, Regu The following Air Force officers for ap Brig. Gen. James F. Kirkendall, FR9092 lar Air Force. . pointment to the Regular Air Force, in the (colonel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. David I. Liebman, FR5164, Reg grade indi ca ted, under the provisions of Brig. Gen. Chester J. Butcher, FR9846 ular Air Force. section 8284, title 10, United States Code, (colonel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. George V. Williams, FR7733, with dates of rank to be determined by the Brig. Gen. Robert J. Holbury, FR9893 Regular Air Force. Secretary of the Air Force: Brig. Gen. Francis W. Nye, FR8418, Regular (colonel, Regular Air Force) U .S. Air Force. To be captains Brig. Gen. DeWitt R. Searles, FR9907 Air Force. (colonel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. James F. Kirkendall, FR9092, Abbey, Edward F., 2206323. Brig. Gen. Frank M. Madsen, Jr., FR9991 Regular Air Force. Abbott, Charles E., 2208506. (colonel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. Rockly Triantafellu, FR9504, Adams, Derrell J. Jr., 3102755. Brig. Gen. William R. MacDonald, FR10019 Regular Air Force. Adams, Gordon D., 3101754. (colonel, Regular Air Force) U .S . Air Force. Brig. Gen. William V. McBride, FR10077, Adkisson, Robert B ., 3038557. Brig. Gen. Felix M. Rogers, FR10067 ( colo Regular Air Force. Adsit, Guy D. Jr., 3030445. nel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. Russell K. Pierce, Jr., FR18118, Agard, Gary L., 3080422. Brig. Gen. Albert R. Shiely, Jr., FR10106 Regular Air Force. Albright, Townsend L., 3039627. (colonel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. William P. McBride, FR4179, Alder, James W ., 3040814. Brig. Gen. James M. Keck, FR10122 ( colo Regular Air Force. Aldrich, William S., 2211802. nel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. Timothy J. Dacey, Jr., FR4631, Allen, William C. Jr., 3082065. Brig. Gen. Robin Olds, FR10128 (colonel, Regular Air Force. · Alter, Bruce B., 3102187. Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. William S . Harrell, FR5240, Reg Ames, Donald L., 3038973. Brig. Gen. Ernest T. Cragg, FR10152 (colo ular Air Force. Ames, Frederick P., 2210235. nel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. Franklin A. Nichols, FR4809, Anderson, Charles T., 3040747. Brig. Gen. John R. Kullman, FRlOl 71 Regular Air Force. Anderson, Glenn J., 3082066. (colonel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. Joe T. Scepansky, FR7879, Reg Anderson, Neil R., 3064557. Brig. Gen. William W. Snavely, FR10177 ular Air Force. Andraitis, Arthur A., 2207122. (colonel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. Paul R . Stoney, FR9083, Regular Ansberry, Thomas H., 2210727. Brig. Gen. Dale S. Sweat, FR10190 ( colo Air Force. Ary, James A., 3029230. nel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. Kenneth W. Schultz, FR9096, Ashcraft, Robert G., 3038114. Brig. Gen. Joseph H. Belser, FR9604 (colo Regular Air Force. Ashley, Wendell R., 3030363. nel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. George J. Eade, FR9515, Regular Asterita, Anthony J., 3102294. Brig. Gen. John H. Buckner, FR9753 (colo Air Force. Babin, Shirly A., 3038560. Baechle, William, 3039118. nel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. William F. Pitts, FR9796, Regu Baird, Sidney A., 3008748. Brig. Gen. Charles W. Lenfest, FR9760 lar Air Force. Baker, Charles L ., 3057517. (colonel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. Louis L. Wilson, Jr., FR9803, Baker, Don R., 3101666. Brig. Gen. William E. Bryan, Jr., FR9888 Regular Air Force. Baker, Robert W., 3018079. (colonel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. Carloo M. Talbott, FR9853, Regu Ballard, Jack D., 3099112. Brig. Gen. Leo C. Lewis, FR9914 (colonel, lar Air Force. Balog, George, 3065585. Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. Felix M. Rogers, FR10067, Regu- Banks, Webb F., 3033328. Brig. Gen. Albert J. Bowley, FR10101 (colo lar Air Force. · Barbay, Lawrence, 3054027. nel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. William W. Snavely, FRlOl 77, Barr, Carroll S., 3087914. Brig. Gen. Douglas T. Nelson, FR11124 Regular Air Force. Barry, William R., 3038493. (colonel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. Carl W. Stapleton, FR8893, Reg Bartosh, John F., 3038636. Brig. Gen. David S. Chamberlain, FR19927 ular Air Force. Bates, Charles T., 3040494. (colonel, Regular Air Force) U.S: Air Force. Brig. Gen. Albert J. Bowley FR10101, Reg- Bates, Wayne E., 3032502. Brig. Gen. Archie S. Mayes, FR33267 ( colo ular Air Force. ' Bathke, Robert K., 3066194. nel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. Augustus M. Hendry, Jr., FR8645, Baxter, Edward G., 3040751. Brig. Gen. Leslie W. Bray, Jr., FR18136 Regular Air Force. Beardsley, Ralph J., 3038265. (colonel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. Rene G. DuPont, FR11836, Reg Benner, John D., 3102351. Brig. Gen. Robert V. Spencer, FR13230 ular Air Force. Bergman, Erwin, 3080798. (colonel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Brig. Gen. Donavon F. Smith, FR14577, Berry, Alan B., 3064496. Brig. Gen. Earl L. Johnson, FR33837 (colo Regular Air Force. Brig. Gen. Dale S. Sweat, FR10190, Regular Biles, Graham C., 3102472. nel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Bittaker, Joe R., 3059114. Brig. Gen. Richard M. Hoban, FR23658 Air Force. Brig. Gen. George J. Keegan, Jr., FR15333, Bitton, John B., 2210084. (colonel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Regular Air Force. Blackwell, Eldred E., 2209726. Brig. Gen. John B. Kidd, FR34076 (colo Bodington, Mountford E., 3056588. IN THE AIR FORCE nel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Boone, Orville B., Jr., 3050995. Brig. Gen. James A. Shannon FR14510 The following persons for appointment in Borthick, Roy C., Jr., 3040338. (colonel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Alr Force. the Regular Air Force, in the grades indi Bourque, Ronald G., 2208008. cated, under the provisions of section 8284, Brig. Gen. Joseph G. Wilson, FR15284 (colo Bowman, Charles E ., 3058653. nel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. title 10, United States Code, with a view to designation under the provisions of section Boyd, Jack L ., 3040706. Brig. Gen. George J. Keegan, Jr., FR15333 Boye, Duane E ., 3038897. (colonel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. 8067, title 10, United States Code, to perform Braden, Courtland R., 3087529. Brig. Gen. George H. McKee, FR15663 ( colo the duties indicated, and with dates of rank Brammer, John E ., II, 3071149. nel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. to be determined by the Secretary of the Brandt, Paul E., 3051285. Brig. Gen. Robert N. Ginsburgh, FR18108 Air Force: (colonel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. To be major (Medical) Braswell, Steve, 3040449. Brauner, Henry P., 3072775. Maj. Gen. William G. Moore, Jr., FR34534 Spoor, Daniel H., 309047. Breckenridge, James A., 3080015. (colonel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. To be captains (Medical) Brig. Gen. Donald E. Stout, FR16198( colo Bridges, James R., Jr., 1865774. Altimus, Myles E., II, 3200261. nel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Britton, Alonzo G ., 3038980. Grinsell, Patrick J ., 3186912. Brig. Gen. John C. Giraudo, FR16296 (colo Broberg, Paul W., 3040196. Jordan, Ashby M., 3166224. Brocks, James H., 3039807. nel, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Force. Sanfelippo, Peter M., 3200515. Brooks, J. W., 3101738. Brig. Gen. Harold F. F'Unsch, FR19181 (col Wyatt, Ronald 0., 3167119. onel, Regular Air Force, medical) U.S. Air Brooks, Jerrell W ., 2209937. Force. To be first lieutenants (Medical) Brooks, Richard L., 3059046. The following-named officers for temporary Berriosjiminez, Jose A., 3184730. Broten, Paul, 3058772. appointment in the U.S. Air Force under the Fetzek, Joseph P., 3188484. Brown, Gerald T., 3040197. provisions of chapter 839, title 10 of the Katz, Paul, 3164598. Brown, Jack W., 3101034. United States Code: Wagner, James D., II, 3089529. Brown, Ralph L., 3026713. To be major generals To be captains (Dental) Buckerfield, James D., 3102549. Brig. Gen. Anthony T. Shtogren, FR4956, Benkel, Bernard H., 3071281. Buckner, Lynn E., 3057007. Regular Air Force. Bryk, Clarence C., 3113854. Bullard, Charles A., 3086597. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 13, 1969 446 . ~ Bumgarner, Robert R., 3022153. Feist, John F., 2227380. Huggins, James P., 3087934. Burdick, Jerry H., 3087532. Feltman, Gordon, 2.210050. Hurlbut, Alba J., 3056820. Burke, Garry L., 3087795. Fields, Thomas E., 3039949. Hurst, Norman R., 2246721. Burnett, Bobby G., 3101038. Finks, Jack E., 3085090. Rusten, Russell J., 303190'7. Burr, Daniel S., 3065712. Flrse, John A., 3081754. Huston, Donald R., 3064897. Bussey, Richard J., 2210110. Fischer, Sherril H., 3072308. Intille, Michael J., 3065291. Butler, Samuel M., 2206193. Fisher, Miles G., 3081475. Irwin, Donald E., 3082060. Butts, Clinton E., 3040823. Flanagan, Bernard E., 3065735. Irwin, Glen G., Jr. 3040942. Cahoon, John E., Jr., 3047218. Flood, Donald A., 3038755. Jackson, Melvin L., 3039461. Caley, Don C., 3020386. Foote, John A., Jr., 3071143. Jeffrey, James H., 3081497. Callanan, John v., 3040199. Foster, Harl R., 2219502. Jeffries, Calvin J., 3072163. Canady, Eldon J., 3102695. Fowler, Samuel R., Jr., 3031576. Jenkins, Frank W., 3039700. Cappel, John J., Jr., 3080819. France, John B., 3066306. Jenkins, Robert L., 3039897. Capps, Julian M., 3097879. Franklin, Butler T., 1862393. Jinright, James R., 3101845. Carlton, James E., 3074424. Frazier, Wayne C., 3081378. Johnson, Milton L., 3040552. Carman, Dean C., 3065073. Freeman, Albert M., 3057429. Johnson, Robert w .. 3082075. Carpenter, Robert L., 3039442. Freer, Allen C., 3064546. Johnston, William R., 3008704. Carpenter, Vernon R., 3082280. Friedman, Marvin A., 3033128. Juhl, Clarence A., 3083437. Carpenter, Vincent L., Jr., 3065017. Friese, Richard E., 3039199. Kaats, Gilbert H., 3038768. ca.rron, Robert P., 3040529. Friesen, Don D., 3002600. Kalmar, Jack R., 3080934. Carson, James D., 2210064. Frise, James R .• 2204456. Kanouse, Wayne E., 2211788. Carter, Charles R., Jr., 3005142. Fry, Charles B., 3081221. Kemmerling, Paul T., Jr. 3029463. Carter, George M., 3038268. Fulford, Cecil B., 3087867. Kemps, Robert R., 3039212. Carter, Robert M., 3029410. Funston, Neal L., 3040774. Kerr, John B., Jr. 2210976. Caruso, David, 3080406. Garvey, William G., 3068200. Kerwick, David R., 3064900. Caruso, Vincent J., 3083478. Gaston, James S., 3095523. Kesler, William E., 3032360. Chesley, Paul L., 3087539. Genadio, Frank, 3036377. Key, George G., 3102567. Clark, James W ., 3094298. Gerblick, Paul, 3039574. Kilde, Loren C., 3008248. Clary, Richard B., 3049286. Gibbs, Edgar L., 3101460. Kimsey, Harvey L., 3038715. Clay, Ben C., 3081101. Gibler, James C., 3038994. Kinser, Donald B., 3081007. Coker, Charles L., 3038156. Giese, Karl J., 3102458. Klein, Jack L., 3055068. Colgin, Paul C. Jr., 3031144. Gilbert, Sid E., 3039827. Klimek, Robert A., Jr., 3038716. Colvin, Alfred E ., 3030625. Gilmore, Wiley C., 3007951. Kochman, Herbert J., 3034112. Combee, Harbin D ., 3051279. Ginwright, John B., 3073386. Koegl, Robert M., 3074288. Conlan, Edward F., 3008924. Gioia, John, 3039119. Koehring, James C., 3096711. Coogan, Edward R., 3037806. Gleason, Delbert F., 3039259. Kolman, Clare N., 3010694. Cooney, Wilbur M., 2249999. Gleeson, Richard T., 3085160. Koontz, Charles W., 2247721. Cooney, Wilson C., 3039105. Glenn, Cosby R., 3101814. Kovach, Gerald J., 3080761. Cordes, Robert A., 3080498. Glock, Ronald R., 3039310. Kowalewski, Stephen, 3064771. Cordle, Robert L., 3040991. Goldberg, Norman, 3008688. Kra.jeck, Philip A., 3097971. Corroon, Thomas F., 3072172. Goldfarb, Levi, 3031806. Krause, Roger L., 3081271. Cosstephens, C1audis M., Jr., 3048117. Good, Paul R.; 3038995. Kristoff, Edward J., 3051434. Courington, George D., 2211035. Gossman, Gerald J., 3066528. Krotik, Alexander E., 3055101. Craig, Harry G., 3102700. Grabowski, Frank D., Jr., 3084931. Laird, James R., III, 3056917. Crawford, Jack E., 0590879. Graham, Robert J., 30583-H. Lamm, William W., Jr., 2211275. Cupples, Leland J., 3093651. Gravis, Jack D., 3004407. Laseter, Vinton D., 3081063. Curtis, Alan M., 3083204. Gray, Donald E., 2225835. Lear, Joe B., 3040556. Dalfonso, Edward V., 3059410. Green, Joe B., 3038821. Leclercq, Francis K., 304094'1. Damon, Karl K .. 3097646. Greene, William A., 3066529. Legrand, Alphonse F., 3065789. Damoth, Donald R., 3072416. Gregan, James E., 3008956. Lewis, Robert J., 3096553. Daniel, Allen J., Jr., 3101044. Gritnn, Eugene M., 3083240. Lewis, Samuel D., 3081983. Da.pson, Leon L., Jr., 3081994. Griggs, Jerry M., 3081409. Lilling, Paul, 3028946. Darbyshire, Walter G., Jr., 3039298. Groll, George W., 3066260. Littlefield, David R., 3097692. Darden, Henry R., Jr., 2211329. Guarino, Allan F., 3072251. Lockhart, Jimmie D., 3036085. Davis, Charles T., Jr., 3064756. Halbach, Eugene I., 3038587. Lockley, Stanton G., 3040843. Davis, Taft L., 3039742. Halsey, Jesse W., 2206849. Logan, James E., 3102427. Davis, William B., 3081515. Hamilton, Robert M., 3040617. Long, David J., Jr., 3047665. Dean, David S., 3056760. Hammitt, John H., 3086376. Lougema.n, John M., 3080149. Deberry, Charles W., 2209755. Harenski, Walter J., Jr., 305661'1. Love, James A., 2211902. Demott, Richard L., 3101718. Hartman, Roy E., 3051018-. Love, Joseph M., 3087587. Dempster, David P., 3039569. Harwood, Robert K., Jr., 3040939. Lowe, Bobby F., 3040406. Dennis, Lawrence v .. 3040209. Hatcher, David B., 3040002. Lutterman, Gerald H., 3040021. Desenfants, Robert E., 3071746. Haussma.n, Robert L., 3083893. Lynch, Harold A., Jr., 3102719. Dethlefsen, Merlyn H., 3040607. Headle, Bruce C., 3093530. Madison, James A., 3040368. Dewilde, David A., 3038906. Hennigan, Walter K., 3040548. Maillet, Stanley M., 3085708. Dewitt, Robert D., 3048887. Henry, George A., Jr., 3064812. Maloney, Thomas A., 3069384. Dewitt, William T., 3040933. Heptinstall, Calvin C., 3087926. Mangan, James J., 3026244. Dillman, Marvin 0., 3039109. Herbert, Edwin C., 3085107. Mantooth, Billy R., 3101853. Dillon, John E., 2237601. Hering, Harold L., 3080482. Manz, Joe E., Jr., 3093327. Dingley, Arnold E., Jr., 3101701. Heron, Robert Jr., 2205075. Marshall, Ira G., 3053254. Donaldson, Charles A., 3066525. Herring, Russell N .. 3038411. Marquez, Ra.fa.el, 3028669. Dowd, Thomas J., Jr., 3070068. Herrle, Robert P., 3064765. Martini, Ralph J., 2209640. Dudgeon, Cecil E., 3038868. Herron, John R., 3101391. Masino, Thomas R., 3072215. Dudley, Paul F., 2260057. Hess, Jay C., 3038594. Mayberry, William S., 3056922. Dulong, Perry L., 3040078. Higgins, Harry E., 2211553. McAdoo, William T., 3038098. Duncan, John H., Jr., 3038646. Hille, John c .. 3038412. Mcclintick, Robert L., 3097275. Eastman, William D., Jr., 3038990. Hillhouse, Chester K., 3039956. McConnell, Charles W., 304:1!570. Egan, James J., 3087667. Hindman, Jack W., 3101243. McCulloch, Donald 0., 3008847. Eglinton, William S., 3040538. Hinds, W1lliam D., 3048128. McDaniel, Morris L., Jr., 3041007. Ek, John K., 3102997. Hines, Lehmann D., 3098249. McDonald, William W., 3097262. Elder, Joe D., 3058985. Hinman, Delman D., 3040223. McHugh, Edward A., 3037737. Elkin, Harold M., 3034513. Hoff, Gerald D., 3051648. McKee, Harry L., Jr., 3080150. Ellis, Roland D., 3097944. Hokanson, John M., 2208197. McMahon, Brian P., 3072104. Elmer, Donald W., 3070787. Holley, William E., 3101735. McMillan, Henry R., 3101810. Elmer, Roger R., 3102830. Hollingsworth, Clyde E., 2204361. McNeeley, Billie W., 3101270. Embree, John S., 3081377. Hollis, Billy R., 303939C>. McNeil, Charles T., 3032629. Epler, Elmer D., 3031670. Houle, James F., 3095229. McNeil, James H., 3040025. Ernst, William L., 3038991. Howerton, Rex D., 3056910. McPherson, Douglas A., 3066591. Eytcheson, Keith R., 3056606.. Howie, Andrew R., 3064264. McReynolds, Frank A., 2208362. Farrell, Ronald, 3102265. Hoy, Franklin W., Jr., 3089443. Mecham, Melvin E., 2230313. Farrimond, George F., Jr., 2211365. Huber, William D., 3074586. Meisner, Eugene J., 3101273. January 13, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 447 Williamson, James E., 2215864. Melton, James F., 3039850. Sanders, Giibert s .. 3087610. Wilmot, Raymond D., 3080l59. Merlan, Harold H., 3101441. Sanders, James D., 3040379. Wilson, Thomas E., 3065567. Metz, Leo B., 3066123. Satterfield, Richard N., 3039766. Wingertzahn, James R., 2204654. Mickey, George W., 3102843. Sawyer, Thomas W., 3038517. Woche, Paul R., Jr., 3040328. Milanese, John J., 3101789. Schalk, Donald W., 30590~0. Wojcik, Joseph J., 3080125. Millard, Moses K., Jr., 3035324. Scharoun, Robert B., 3080118. Wolfe, Richard H., 2205904. Miller, Donald L., 3026523. Schilling, Joseph J., 3080271. Minogue, Richard B., 3065250. Schleich, John F., 3066544. Wood, John H., 3019526. Wooley, Patrick V., Jr., 2219700. Mitchell, John D., Jr., 3081232. Schmidt, John B., 3038193. Wortman, Llewellyn F., Jr., 3038863. Moffatt, Edwin N., 3071332. Schmucker, Franz, 3066604. Monk, James G., 3038724. Schneider, Frank W., 2220803. Wright, David G., 3055156. Moore, Adrin 0., 3087969. Schrader, Garland E., 3040258. Wright, William H., 3064708. Moore, John W., 3083282. Schreck, Lewis c:, Jr., 3010371. York, Thomas P., Jr., 3056234. Morgan, Thomas R., 3051074. Schreiner, Herbert F., 3040314. Young, Gerald D., 3081262. Morioka, Hiroshi, 3084104. Schuler, Erich E., 3059117. Yount, David A., 3041074. Mounce, Clyde A., 3039601. Seeger, Carl E., 3066218. Zucker, Robert, 3097793. Mulligan, Donald E., 3039229. Sestak, John J., Jr., 3073081. The following distinguished graduates of Murden, Raymond L., 3087594. Sheets, Jack L., 3039242. the Air Force officer training school for ap Muscatello, William, 3056436. Sheldon, Bryan C., 3056216. pointment in the Regular Air Force in the Musser, John G., 3083226. Sherwin, Kenneth J., 2211623. grade of second lieutenant, under the pro Naddeo, Ralph M., 3081558. Shockley, John F., 3030518. visions of section 8284, title 10, United States Napoli, Anthony, 3050119. Sicola, Philip J., 3008751. Code, with dates of rank to be determined Neal, Walter A., 2220740. Silver, Ivan R., 3059120. by the Secretary of the Air Force: Newman, Rudolph M., 3102726. Simmonds, Darrell D., 3053310. Bancroft, William W., Jr., 32250'71. Nicoll, Ronald B., 3071838. Simmons, William W., 3064449. Bencic, Michael M., 3226211. Nichols, Spencer L., 3040633. Sims, Leslie D., 3084585. Bennett, John W., 3227044. Nicholson, Eddie N., 3041058. Sisco, Sanford L., 3066622. Bourke, Thomas J., 3225109. Nielsen, Wallace A., 2211303. Skelly, George F., 3066671. Brenneman, Glenn B., 3225213. Nuvolini, Joseph L., Jr., 3067248. Skinner, Clarence P., 3101612. Bristow, Richard 0., 3225003. Nylander, Jon D., 3097124. Smiley, James A., 3081486. Brown, Ormin E., 3226354. Deike, Robert J., 3041016. Smith, Clark R., 3039612. Budzinski, Willard C., Jr., 3226157. Okerlund, Edward W., 3031004. Smith, Gordon D., 3081577. Burkhart, Kenneth M., 3225102. O'Neil, Edward W., Jr., 2224607. Smith, Lee A., 3087868. Cave, William B., 3225358. O'Neill, Dawson R., 3047988. Smith, Odell F., 3087869. Clark, Leroy W., 3225448. Overstreet, Roger D., 3038246. Smith, Richard A., 3040579. Coleman, Kenneth R., 3225161. Pachura, William S., 3040700. Smith, Theodore A., 3047513. Contreras, Ben, 3225210. Paluso, Charles F., 2210252. Sniegowski, John W., 3038793. Cookingham, Robert E., 3226037. Panarese, Edward R., 3037815. Solomon, Neal P., 3087497. Criscuolo, John A., 3225162. Parker, Jack W., 3073982. Sowby, John A., 3081075. Crombar, Barry R., 3225215. Parker, John D., 3040440. Spatafora, James R., 3008881. Crowe, Robert N., 3225878. Parker, Lawrence N. Jr., 3056928. Stanton, Paul W., Jr., 3040263. Custer, Gregory E., 3224947. Parker, Robert E., 3039410. Starkey, William J., 3039923. Eagles, Donald E., 3226013. Parker, William H., 3038057. Starling, Leonard B., Jr., 3037489. Edwards, Roger L., 3225342. Parrish, Charles T., 3056331. Steorts, Robert A., 3102855. Edwards, Walter V., III, 3225153. Parten, Warren K., 3080152. Stevens, Tommy D., 3066088. Elliott, George E., 3225111. Pendleton, William C., 3083592. Stewart, James A., 3081040. Fitch, Alan W., 3225220. Perl, Willi~m F. Jr., 3014053. Stigler, Otis S., 3081407. Freid, Gene A., 3225165. Perry, David L., 3065887. Stihl, John T., 3039035. Garrett, Douglas B., Jr., 3226244. Perry, Margaret J ., 2253623. Stocks, Bruce D., 3038295. Gilmour, John V., III, 3227166. Petersen, Donald J., 3072821. Stockton, William H., 3040491. Goodman, William I., 3225166. Piatt, Homer R., 3080293. Stoner, Richard L., 3066324. Greene, Arthur T., Jr., 3227240. Piner, James T., 3102878. Storment, Paul H., 3039980. Hernandez, Allan L., 3225837. Pippen, Charles J., 3016014. Straub, Thomas E., 3081716. Hurt, Michael G., 3227210. Pocock, Charles L. Jr., 2211304. Straughan, Walter C., Jr., 3027360. Hutchins, Duane L., 3227251. Pollock, Richard B., 3046128. Strong, Richard A., 3080330. Innes, Andrew J.P., 3225174. Poole, Jere E., 2221905. Stuart, Linis L., 3028541. James, Richard K., 3226356. Pottebaum, James J., 3039235. Sullivan, Cornelius J., 3072650. Joseph, Steven G., 3225222. Potter, Jerome, 3056341. Talbert, John C., 3051701. King, Jon M., 3225015. Pouliot, Richard J., 3069434. Taylor, John R., 3039794. Knapp, Timothy J., 3224976. Pound, Merritt B. Jr., 3046612. Taylor, John R., 3041031. Knight, William T., 3226359. Prather, Dirk C., 3088009. Teeter, Gerald E., 3056675. Knowlton, Donald P., 3226391. Prince, Neil E., 3003366. Tegge, Richard C., 3040586. Kolasinski, William E., 3225685. Prosper, Victor A. Jr., 3095599. Thomas, James A., 3040265. Landis, James P., 3225794. Pugnale, Ovidid, 3040638. Thomas, John C., 3084230. Lang, Thomas J ., 3226330. · Pyle, Ralph E. Jr., 3101463. Thompson, Gerald G ., 3080438. Lankowski, Bernard A., 3225463. Radel, Andrew A., 3049465. Thompson, Porter, 3040417. Leddy, Roy L., 3225177. Raley, David E., 3040486. Thornley, Donald R., 3053076. Lindstrom, Carl K., 3225179. Randall, Horace J., 3039081. Tietjen, John H. H., 3041560. Luke, Forrest E., Jr., 3215055. Tokash, Frederick E., 3081208. Rasnic, Charles R., 3081705. McElroy, Collett E., 3226323. Trudel, Theodore H., Jr., 2207553. Raup, Karl A., 3007104. Miller, John E., 3225509. Ray, John W., 2207818. Tschirhart, Ernest S., 3087742. Morris, Gibson, Jr., 3225493. Rayfield, Robert S., 2235969. Tyson, Edward C., 3055810. Rea, Alvin L., 3087482. Vander Wey, Clarence E., 2208380. O'Brien, Lester, 3225226. Reed, Walter J. Jr., 3047996. Vannote, Keith L., 3081398. Parker, Douglas L., 3225835. Reesor, James V., 3085348. Vanorden, Edwin C., 3080075. Parry, Thomas J., 3226303. Rexroad, Loel F., 3052988. Vernon, Roland M., 3040808. Pavlu, Gary J., 3225227. Reyland, John M., 3051799. Vidal, Lloyd J., 3083823. Pherigo, Ronald G., 3225188. Richman, Marvin, 3040572. Volkmann, Thomas L., 3064374. Porter, Franklin B., 3226202. Riley, Odell L. Jr., 3084090. Wagner, Don, 3056466. Richmond, Elmer R., 3225243. Roach, Artis W., 3040166. Walker, Guary 0., 3080086. Riley, Thomas H., Jr., 3225230. Roberts, Dan A., 2215819. Walker, Phillip J., 3087629. Ronan, Paul E., 3224829. Roberts, Johnnie D., 3066666. Wallace, George B., 3058023. Ross, Milton C., 3225191. Wallin, Donavon L., 3040662. Robertson, Gerald A., 3056788. Seaman, John M., 3225193. Robertson, John R., 3080191. Watkins, George T., 3064300. Shaberman, John S., 3225120. Robey, David A., 3082012. Wayland, Henry T., Jr., 3084301. Robinson, Keith A., 3087101. Weigel, Robert D. P., 2210674. Shaver, Jimmie E., 3225195. Rose, William A., 3102482. Wejroch, Joseph L., Jr., 2212031. Skillern, Christopher L., 3225543. Roth, Charles A., 3048706. Wellman, Joseph D., 3023015. Spurrier, Randall R., 3227180. Roth, Walter C., Jr., 3101469. Werling, David C., 3080047. Stapleford, Frederick H., Jr., 3227208. Roundy, Allan E., 3065680. White, Jerry D., 3101509. Stefanko, Michael W., 3225234. Rowley, Dale D., 3056975. Williams, Howard K., 3081720. Steinhilber, William D., 3225862. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 131 1969 Stepplc. Richard J., 3225853. Trever, John P ., 3225994. · Worster, Arthur ;r., 3224849. Steverson. Charles L., 322519& Vice, John M., 3225122. Yardley, David-J., 3227170. Stone, Donn E., Jr.. 3227237. Whaylen, Thomas A., 3227191. Yeomans, Leigh s., 3225754. Strahota, Robert A., 3225197. Whitmore, Beth, 3226280. Yorko, John c., 3226089. Teague, James E., 3227058. Williams, Stanley A., 3226058. Yox, Lawrence W., Jr., 3225127. Traylor, Samuel c .. 3225235. Wood, Charles A., 3225239. Zukaitis, Karl E., 3227045.
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS FRONTIER NEWSPAPER BOY For a whole dollar a month, I would have that a man could tolerate getting shut off of delivered those papers to Chicago. many of life's necessities, but damned if they Dryer shook his head as he concluded, "All were going to be Q.eprived of their newspaper. HON. PAUL J. FANNIN right, boy, you be here Wednesday noon when So those three ranches of the Triangle united solidly in back of their newsboy, me, OF ARIZONA Jake gets in with the freight wagon." I could hardly wait until Wednesday, but by furnishing me with a relay string of some lN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STA TES I spent my time preparing my pony and gear of the finest J;lorse flesh that ever pounded Friday, January 10, 1969 for the first newspaper delivery into the Tri a mountain trail carrying to its waiting sub angle country-a mere 116 miles over some of scribers the magic word of the weekly press. Mr. FANNIN. Mr. President, Arizona is the roughest country you'll find east of the And can you imagine it, folks, I was actu one of the "younger" States in the Union. Cascades. ally being paid a whole dollar a month for Our frontier days are not long past, and According to my calculations, I would only just delivering a total of 12 papers on a the rich traditions of the West live on in have to camp out the first night, and if my little old ride of some 920 miles-give or abundance today in my State. little pony held up and I rode throughout the take a few for trail conditions. next night I could make the other two Mr. Jack Crane has recorded what I ranches on the following days. consider a most interesting picture of From the last ranch on the Triangle, it pos frontier life in his account of a news sibly would take me another three days to get SPACE UNIT SEEKS FIRM NIXON paper boy who rode a weekly route with back to White Swan. COMMITMENT, WARNS OF POS three subscribers that covered 230 miles Not bad, I thought. Six days hard riding, SIBLE RISK TO U.S. INVESTMENT round trip. but it paid 25 cents a week, and where could For this very interesting bit of Ameri I do better? cana, I would like to share with the Sen Old Jake arrived around noon with the mail and my newspapers, and 30 seconds later HON. OLINE. TEAGUE ate a story published in the Sun-City I was galloping toward the Leonard Ranch OF TEXAS Youngstown, Ariz., News-Sun, reprinted some 70 miles away. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the December 28, 1968, edition of Edi Darkness caught me in the break country, tor and Publisher magazine, and I ask so I picketed and rolled up for the night. Friday, January 10, 1969 unanimous consent that it be printed in As the eastern sky whispered of another Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, the RECORD. day, my little cayuse and I cautiously picked Mr. Jonathan Spivak, staff reporter of There being no objection, the article our way down and out of the breaks and on the Wall Street Journal, summarized to the Leonard Range. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Around noon we came to a wheezing halt well the current state of our national as follows: at the Leonard Ranch, and I proudly deliv space effort and the need for crucial deci FRONTIER NEWSPAPERBOY ered my first newspaper.· sions in the next year to assure an eff ec (By Jack "Burro" Crane) Mrs. Leonard fixed me a good breakfast tive space program for the future. In a and my little cayuse got a scoop of oats. An old editor friend of mine came out to November 26, 1968, article in the Wall This was c~rtainly modern progress on the our spread to do a bit of jaw-flopping, and Street Journal, the current decline in our Western frontier and I was part of it, a national space effort is well described by somewhere in the conversation he asked me newspaper boy with a three-subscription when I first got roped into the newspaper route that covered 230 miles round trip and Mr. Spivak and the need for Positive business. paid a fantastic wage of one silver dollar planning for our poot-Apallo effort is It took a bit of recollecting on my part, but per month. outlined. I ·recommend this thoughtful here's the very beginning of my association I made the McDowell Ranch around 5 p.m. article to all who are concerned about with the newspaper world. that day and again was warmly received, fed, the strength and growth of seience and It was somewhere around the turn of the and well-wished on my way. century in the little town of White Swan on technology in our country: My last stop in the Triangle was the Wech [From the Wall Street Journal, Nov. 26, 1968) the Yakima Indian Reservation, and as usual ter Ranch, and thank goodness it had a fairly I was in Dryers' two-by-four general store good trail to it. SPACE UNIT SEEKS FIRM NIXON COMMITMENT, trying to find some sort of a job that a very It was 4:30 a.m. when my little cayuse and w ARNS OF PossiBLE RISK TO u .s. INVEST- young cowhand, like myself, could handle. I staggered up to the Wechter ranch house. MENT Dryer was studying a letter from a news We got everyone out of bed for the gala (By Jonathan Spivak) paper from Yakima, the county seat, Sud occasion, and they all took it in the Western WASHINGTON .-:Space Agency officials will denly he calls me over, "Boy, you been dinging tradition. present the inco:µiing Nlxon Administration me for a job--how would you like to have a However, as for me and my cayuse, I was so with an ambitious agenda for future man-in newspaper route? It's a weekly paper but it saddle sore and my pony so trail galled that space flights. . pays a dollar a month to the newsboy." we both stayed in our stalls for the re Their aim: To exploit current U.S. space I almost passed out from sheer ecstasy. mainder of that day and the next night. successes and get a maximum return from "I'll sure take it, Mr. Dewey." I answered The trip back to White Swan took us a the nation's huge investment in space facili through lips quivering with emotion. full three days more to complete. When we ties. Top officials of the National Aeronautics Dryer studied the letter a bit more and finally arrived at the general store, Dryer and Space Administration are convinced that then with a frown he turned to me, "Now, was fit to be tied. He had sent for the Reser without a firm Nixon Administration com hold it, boy-according to this here letter, vation marshal to come out and look for my mitment to cop.tinued manned flights, they only have three subscribers not counting remains. chances of assuring U.S. space supremacy will my free issue for being their representative." Through tear-filled eyes and quaking voice, be lost. What a golden opportunity had finally I begged him not to cancel my paper route, "The basic question," says Thomas O. come to me I inwardly thought. And to think mainly on account I hadn't collected my Paine, NASA's acting administrator, "is what I would be paid a whole dollar per month quarter for the delivery. proportion of Apollo (the lunar-landing pro for delivering just three papers. Still shaking his head, Dryer 'lowed he gram) should be held together for a national Dryer, seeing my bubbling emotion, low would let me make one more run, but if it space program." He warns that "if there are ered his voice to an almost threatening tone. didn't turn out better than the first one, he no new start~ in 1970, we'll end up with a "Now, boy, here's the clinker in this paper was going to call a halt to my newspaper shattered space program." route. Those three subscribers are the three career. Space officlais• fears for NASA's - future ranches on the Triangle-that's a 116-mile And right here, folks, I learned one of the stem from th~ agency's rapidly shrinking paper route one way." basic phenomena of the news media, that of budget. After pr~nlng by Congress and the He concluded by asking if I thought my the loyal sub~cribera. For when they heard President, NASA ~nded up with a. budget of little Indian cayuse could make it. of my predicament, they solemnly declared just under $4 '!>lllion for the fiscal year end- January 13, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 449 ing next June 30; during the mid-1960s the by astronauts. The first Apollo spacemen will APOLLO 8 OPENS NEW SPACE ERA-ASTRONAUTS agency had been enjoying annual appropria remain on the moon for only one day and IN FIRST-MANNED LUNAR FLIGHT DEMON tions of more than $5 billion. spend at most three hours outside their STRATE MAN'S ABILITY TO EXPLORE MOON, PLANETS-DETAILED SURFACE DATA REPORTED WORK-FORCE DECLINE CITED spacecraft. By minor modifications to their lunar-landing craft, their stay could be ex Man's first visit to the moon proved it to This budget shrinkage will continue, offi tended on subsequent trips to three or four be even more desolate and forbidding than cials note, unless the new Administration de days. Then the development of a new and had been imagined. cides to sustain a significant program o! roomier landing craft would permit as many And yet, within the bleakness, there are manned space flights after the lunar land as 10 men to remain on the moon for oases where man will land to explore the ing is achieved-probably next year. Manned several weeks. ruptured mountains and twisting valleys, flight activities currently cost $2 billion a Second, operation of a large space station, the pockmarked plains and lava seas. year, half of NASA's budget, and these out housing dozens of astronauts, in orbit about The Apollo 8 crew of Frank Borman, James lays could drop sharply in the fiscal year the earth. The space station would serve as Lovell and William Anders returned from starting next July 1. The only firm plans for an observatory to study the sun and other their Christmas flight in orbit of the moon post-moon-landing flight are a series of stars, to make measurements of the earth's with a wealth of personal impressions and earth-orbital trips by the ast.ronauts in 1970 natural resources, to serve as a launching photographs. and 1972. platform for flights to the moon and as a Together with their own awed descriptions, Similarly, without new missions employ repair station for other, unmanned space the records of Apollo 8 are providing details ment at NASA's industrial contractors, which craft, such as communications and weather of many times more value than previous un currently totals about 200,000 workers, will satellites. The space station, though based manned missions or ground-based telescopes. continue to fall sharply; two years ago it was on existing space technology, would be an If any single observation was agreed upon more than 400,000. The main reason for the entirely new craft, far more complex and by the crew it was that the moon-bright work-force falloff is that NASA already has more costly than the Apollo. It might even and appealing as it may seem through the procured most of the equipment--Apollo be assembled in orbit by astronauts. obscuring haze of earth-is ripped open by spacecraft and Saturn launching rockets These two goals actually are intercon eons of bombardment and torn by internal needed for the moon-landing mission. Un nected, Mr. Paine notes. The space station disruptions. less they get new space assignments, the would be a part of a lower-cost "shuttle" Scientists already knew much of what contractors won't have any reason to hold system for exploring the moon. Instead of ex Borman, Lovell and Anders reported about their work crews together. pending an expensive Saturn rocket and the moon-and suspected even more. So far the space-order decline has hit some Apollo spacecraft for each lunar flight, astro- · But man's first closeup view proved that contractors harder than others. Chrysler nauts would be ferried by a maneuverable even the most advanced UD.Illanned space Corp. is a major maker of the Saturn IB craft from earth to the space station. A lunar craft or telescopes cannot compete with rocket, which already is being phased out by vehicle then would transport them to the the clear and clipped-even laconic--descrip NASA. But almost all NASA's Apollo-Saturn moon. The return trip would be made with tions by a crew of trained astronauts face to contractors will feel the pinch from lack of these same craft, which could be used over face with the reality of desolation. future manned-space missions. These in and over again for lunar duties. "It would be Officials of the National Aeronautics and clude International Business Machines Corp., the low-cost way to open up the moon for Space Administration were delighted that North American Rockwell Corp., McDonnell exploration," comments Mr. Paine. even some persistent scientific critics of the Douglas Corp., Grumman Aircraft En These plans of Mr. Paine, which are fully agency's manned space flight program com gineering Corp., General Electric Co. and endorsed by other space officials, would con plimented the Apollo 8 mission. Boeing Co. stitute the agency's major endeavors for the The critics included some who have de But NASA's Mr. Paine isn't looking at cried a manned lunar flight as too hazardous, space-flight policy in terms of contractor next decade. Design, but not construction, of the space station or new lunar-exploration and others who thought it wasteful to send commitments. The basic decision to be made men, rather than only automated systems, by incoming President Nixon and his ad craft would start in the fiscal year beginning next July 1. A national commitment to these toward the moon. visers, Mr. Paine asserts, is what the proper programs, NASA officials say, would enable After the first live television broadcast budget level should be for manned space the agency to hold together its contractor from the moon, it became immediately ap flights to ensure that the nation gets the teams and sensibly plan its manned space parent to NASA and scientists that man in maximum return from its space investment; such close proximity was able to provide by the time the lunar landing is completed, flights in the early 1970s. These flights, which could be conducted with the rockets and both vocally and photographically a far more project Apollo will have cost almost $25 spacecraft remaining after the Apollo lunar detailed description of the results of eons billion. If the decline in space outlays is of bombardment and internal disruption. allowed to continue, he says, a very costly landing is accomplished, would be geared to gathering the information needed for the In their 10 orbits of the moon, Astronauts effort may be needed later to restore the pro space station and the shuttle system. Frank Borman, James Lovell and William gram. If, on the other hand, overenthusiasm Anders: prevails, he adds, "it could be very wasteful to Visually mapped potential lunar landing keep the level too high and theh reduce it." sites for future Apollo landing missions-for Mr. Paine advocates continuing manned which each remains a prime candidate. space-fiight budgeting at its current level of APOLLO 8 OPENS NEW SPACE ERA Became the first men to observe the far $2 billion a year. The agency's over-all budget side of the moon directly from orbit--and might then range-in the first years of the called it more ravaged than most of the side Nixon Administration-from $4 billion to $5 facing earth. billion a year. But Mr. P aine would hope for a HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE Recorded magnetic effects within the lunar gradual buildup. "If Vietnam gets over and OF TEXAS surface that could have a distinct gravita as the gross national product rises, the ob IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tional effect upon man's attempt to land on jective would be to move the budget back the moon-thereby confirming data trans to the $5 billion to $6 billion range," he Friday, January 10, 1969 mitted by the unmanned Lunar Orbiter pro adds. There are significant national needs, gram. such as aeronautics which could also benefit Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, Reported that the surface of the moon. from larger agency outlays in the future, he the Nation has now honored Astronauts just as it had been photographed and ana notes. Frank Borman, James Lovell, and Wil lyzed by the soft-landing Surveyor space DECISION ON FLIGHTS CRUCIAL liam Anders, the outstanding crew of the craft previously fiown by NASA-is basically But the manned-space flight decision is the first-manned lunar flight. A staff article grayish in cast in closeup views. crucial impending one, agency officials insist. in the January 6, 1969, Aviation Week Almost all of the photography was accom Manned missions are the most costly part of & Space Technology does much to place plished by Anders, who was hampered by the agency's operations and attract the great the Apollo 8 · flight in perspective and the now-familiar problem with spacecraft est public and political attention. If there describe the importance of man's first window fogging and icing. aren't any firm plans for flights after Apollo, Lovell, who acted as navigator, probably then there's little reason to sustain the agen venture into deep space beyond the provided more detailed vocal description than cy's costly launching facilities at Cape Ken confines of the gravity of earth. The either Anders or Borman, who as spacecraft nedy, its large cadre of astronauts, or its importance of the highly successful commander was mainly concerned with fol expensive crew-training program. Apollo 8 is only now beginning to be lowing a flight plan that the crew described Mr. Paine considers three launches a year realized and as time goes on the as much more time-consuming than had to be the minimum safe level of manned significance of this effort will become been thought before the mission was space fiight. Attempting missions at less fre evermore apparent. This article goes launched. quent intervals means higher risks because far in identifying the importance of To NASA officials, the confirmation of po ground crews and spacemen lack the neces tentially smooth landing sites for planning sary familiarity with flight procedures, he our national space effort and the manned future missions undoubtedly was the most explains. · activity in space which is now being un rewarding result--with the certain exception He envisions a dual emphasis after Apollo: dertaken. I commend this article to the of the near-perfection of the over-all Apollo First, continued exploration of the moon reading of the Members: 8 flight. CXV-- 29-Part 1 450 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 13, 1969 But there was much more and it will be moment to pin that down. There are some forthcoming in the weeks ahead. John Die WHAT IS AHEAD FOR MOON craters and buildups that just definitely EXPLORERS? trich, a scientist in NASA's geology and geo suggest volcanic activity." chemistry branch at the Manned Spacecraft The Houston controller replied: "I under Center, commenting on the extraordinarily stand, Bill, and I understand Jim thinks clear descriptive reporting and filming of the old 2P2 is the winner." HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE moon, said in some awe: The spacecraft replay was: "Yeah, thafs OF TEXAS "They have first of all demonstrated their right the (garble)." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ab111ty to observe from the spacecraft to a Sunshine itself became a phenomenon to degree that I think surprised most of us. The Lovell, who said moments later: Friday, January 10, 1969 demonstrated abil1ty to observe details ... "I had an occasion to watch the sun was most encouraging for those of us in the come up, and at about 2 min. before sunrise Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, science support area." the limb begins to brighten up into a fine both the Apollo 7 and the more recent Dietrich said he was particularly impressed white haze, a faint glow completely over the lunar orbital Apollo 8 flight have brought with the crew's ab111ty to clearly observe the spacecraft behind the limb. It goes up quite us to the threshold of accomplishing a areas in high sun angles that his group a way . . . takes a fan shape unlike the lunar landing in this decade. The earth thought would be washed out. sunrise on earth where the atmosphere af orbital flight of Apollo 9 to provide flight "Their descriptions," he added, "were fects it. This ls just sort of a complete haze much more graphic than the pictures (he re testing of the lunar module and the all over the local area." Apollo 10 flight to test the lunar module ferred to television here) because the eye Earthshlne, he reported, "ls about as responds so much better than the camera." expected. in the vicinity of the moon are close at The astronauts described the earth-facing "Not as much detail, of course, as in the hand. A recent article in the November portion of the pitted lunar surface as "essen sunlight, but you can see the light craters 29 Christian Science Monitor provides a tially gray ... no color. Looks like plaster quite distinctly and . . . there's a good brief description of what will be accom of Paris or sort of a grayish deep sand. We three-dimensional view of the rims of the plished by the first manned lunar land can see quite a bit of detail. The Sea of Fer large craters." t111ty doesn't stand out as well here as it does ing by the United States. Although this It is that type of description that the article is brief, I believe it is one of the back on earth. There's not as much contrast NASA officials and scientists hope to com between that and the surrounding craters." pare with photography as the film is proc best, succinct descriptions of the astro "The craters are all rounded off, there's essed. nauts' first work on the lunar surface. I quite a few of them, some of them are newer. There were enough frames on the space commend the reading of this article to Many of them-especially the round ones craft to provide about 1,200 individual pho all Members: look like hits by meteorites or projectiles of tographs from the two 70-mm. Hasselblad some sort," they said. still cameras which had accessories, includ WHAT Is AHEAD FOR MOON EXPLORERS? Geologists and astronomers who had ing two 80-mm. focal length lenses, and a WASHINGTON.-When two astronauts step trained the crew to recognize lunar surface special Air Force-developed 250-mm. tele out of the lunar module and climb down to features said they were amazed at the ability photo lens. In addition, the 16-mm. Maurer the m.oon's surface, sometime next summer of each astronaut to literally call off names rr..otion picture camera's accessories in or fall, they will have their work cut out for of identifying characteristics of each known cluded a 200-mm. focal length lens. them. object or area and some previously uncharted. Using his variety of equipment, Anders First of all they are going to have to learn As one example, the crew had been advised was able to produce overlapping stereoscopic how to. move in an entirely alien environ before the flight that the crater Langrenus 70-mm. frames shot along the lunar orbit ment. They will be performing in a vacuum, probably would be heavily terraced. The crew ground track during a vertical pltchdown under temperature extremes, with only one reported: maneuver. These are the ones being used for sixth the gravity they are used to on earth. "Langrenus is quite a huge carter with a terrain analysis and photometric investiga They will obviously have to carry their central cone. The walls of the crater are ter tions. life-support packs with them and it is im raced, about six or seven different terraces on In particular, the telephoto film is ex portant that their physical exertions be thor the way down." pected to show some startling details. oughly monitored so the biomedical people Despite the icing of the window-which Nevertheless, the astronauts' own de can know just how much work a man can the crew managed to periodically overcome scriptions were remarkable. do on the moon. by rolling the spacecraft so that the sun•s "The view from this altitude is tre During the expected three hours the two warmth provided some melting assistance mendous. There ls no trouble picking out men will be on the moon's surface they will do Lovell and Anders described potential land features that we learned on the [training) four things: make general observations, take ing sites they had been instructed to observe. map. The range [of lighting for good vis photographs of the area, collect samples of The sites, in the Sea of Tranquility, were lbil1ty) ls outstanding ... the lunar soil to bring back to earth with "easily seen from our altitude," Lovell said. "At these sun angles, everything is quite them, and set up three fairly simple experi "The view appears to be good, no reflection distinct. Shadows are good, the ground ments. of the sun back into our eyes [the crew was doesn't have any sunlight returned . . • The experiments are a passive seismometer, flying from East to West and was facing it's something which I didn't expect . . • a laser ranging retro-reflector, and a solar backward along the track). It appears that very sharp and distinct." wind composition experiment. With dozens visibility at this particular spot is excellent." The ablllty to identify landmarks also was of possible choices, these were selected as Directly over the first of the potential of interest to scientists. Dietrich, for exam likely to turn up the most useful informa landing sites, they reported: "It's almost im ple, was excited with Lovell's description of tion on the moon environment and ,compo possible to miss, very easy to pick out...• some craters with dark spots in the center, sition. "You can see the entire rims of the craters and with what appeared to be light dust The passive seismometer ls a small seismic from here with, of course, the white crescent around the rims. station, with earth-moon communications on the far side where the sun ls shining on Scientists also followed with interest con links provided. It should turn up data on it. The shadows are quite lengthy now. [The firmation of Orbiter reports of mass concen the internal activity of the moon. This in crater] Maskelyne has quite a few shadows trations below the lunar surface that could formation should help in learning about the off of it, but it can be recognized. The termi influence spacecraft orbits because of moon's origin. nator [the dividing line between lunar night gravitational anomalies. The laser ranging retro-reflector consists of and day) is actually quite sharp over the The mass concentrations are mainly de several precision optical reflectors that will Pyrenees [a mountain chain) ... I can't tectable over such large areas as the Crater serve as the target for earth-based laser sys see anything in earthshlne [reflection of sun Copernicus. The Apollo 8 crew measured tems. Data should improve the measurement off earth]." slight variations in orbit and compared them of earth-moon distances and fluctuation of Included in the commentary was a re with ground computed predictions. They no the earth's rotation rate. mark from Lovell that one of the proposed ticed a mass concentration effect. The solar-wind composition experiment is landing sites, 2P2, appeared to be suitable The effect was a sort of wobble, only designed to trap gases (helium, neon, argon, for astronauts. slightly detectable to earth monitors. krypton, zenon) in the solar wind. It con "It certainly looks like we picked a more In contrast to the smoothness of landing sists of a sheet of aluminum foil that will be interesting place on the moon to land in," sites selected on the front portion of the retrieved by the astronauts before they re he said. "The back side looks like a sand moon-especially along the equator-the as turn to earth, where it will be analyzed for pile my kids have been playing in for a tronauts reported that the far side was for evidence of these gases. long time. It's all beat up with no defini bidding to manned landing attempts. Short as will be the time these astronauts tion. Just a lot of bumps and holes. "The color of the moon looks like a very spend on the moon's surface and elementary "I'm looking at 2P2 right now, Houston, whitish gray," said Anders of the far side, as will be the experiments, their moon so and it's a great spot." "like dirty beach sand with lots of footprints journ will open a new unparalleled chapter Anders said: "The area we're over right in it. Some of these craters look like pick in man's conquest of nature. It will be the now gives some hint of possible volcanic axes striking concrete, creating a lot of fine beginning of something that not even today's [activity] though I can't eyeball it at the haze dust ..." dreams can encompass.