RICHARD A. ARENBERG Visiting Professor of the Practice of Political Science Brown University
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The Capitol Dome
THE CAPITOL DOME The Capitol in the Movies John Quincy Adams and Speakers of the House Irish Artists in the Capitol Complex Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way A MAGAZINE OF HISTORY PUBLISHED BY THE UNITED STATES CAPITOL HISTORICAL SOCIETYVOLUME 55, NUMBER 22018 From the Editor’s Desk Like the lantern shining within the Tholos Dr. Paula Murphy, like Peart, studies atop the Dome whenever either or both America from the British Isles. Her research chambers of Congress are in session, this into Irish and Irish-American contributions issue of The Capitol Dome sheds light in all to the Capitol complex confirms an import- directions. Two of the four articles deal pri- ant artistic legacy while revealing some sur- marily with art, one focuses on politics, and prising contributions from important but one is a fascinating exposé of how the two unsung artists. Her research on this side of can overlap. “the Pond” was supported by a USCHS In the first article, Michael Canning Capitol Fellowship. reveals how the Capitol, far from being only Another Capitol Fellow alumnus, John a palette for other artist’s creations, has been Busch, makes an ingenious case-study of an artist (actor) in its own right. Whether as the historical impact of steam navigation. a walk-on in a cameo role (as in Quiz Show), Throughout the nineteenth century, steam- or a featured performer sharing the marquee boats shared top billing with locomotives as (as in Mr. Smith Goes to Washington), the the most celebrated and recognizable motif of Capitol, Library of Congress, and other sites technological progress. -
Congress: Finding Directory Information on Members and Committees
Order Code RL30017 Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Congress: Finding Directory Information on Members and Committees Updated March 20, 2003 Jesús Campos Information Research Specialist Information Research Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Congress: Finding Directory Information on Members and Committees Summary This guide describes selected printed and electronic reference sources that provide directory information about current Members of Congress and congressional committees. The electronic reference sources include CD-ROMs and Web sites. Among the resources listed are the Congressional Directory, the Almanac of American Politics, Tell It to Washington, C-SPAN Congress Guide, and Project Vote Smart. These resources may contain any or all of the following types of directory information for Members of the House and Senate: addresses, telephone and fax numbers, e-mail addresses, Web addresses, committee and subcommittee assignments, photographs, biographical information, and names of key staff. An appendix indexes each category and lists which sources include that type of directory information. This report will be updated for each Congress. Contents Introduction ......................................................1 Printed Publications................................................2 Almanac of American Politics ....................................2 The Capital Source ............................................2 Carroll’s Federal Directory .....................................2 Congress -
Perceptions of Citizen Advocacy on Capitol Hill 1 1
Communicating with Congress Perceptions of Citizen Advocacy on Capitol Hill Made possible by grants from Adfero Group, Blue Cross Blue Shield Association and CQ Roll Call Special Thanks We are grateful to our sponsors, Adfero Group, Blue Cross Blue Shield Association and CQ Roll Call, who have supported this research and report. Their contributions have enabled us to continue the important work of the Communicating with Congress project and promote a more meaningful democratic dialogue. © 2011, Congressional Management Foundation. All Rights Reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced in any manner without the written permission of the Congressional Management Foundation, except brief quotations or charts used in critical articles or reviews. The Partnership For A More Perfect Union at the Congressional Management Foundation 513 Capitol Court NE, Suite 300 Washington, DC 20002 202-546-0100 cmfweb.org pmpu.org Introduction “We in America do not have government by the majority. We have government by the majority who participate.” That statement by Thomas Jefferson is a commentary on citizens’ right to “petition the government for a redress of grievances.” Effective communications and interactions between citizens and elected officials are essential to the democratic process, both to sustain the credibility of government and to maintain a free flow of ideas which can be integrated into policy decisions. However, since the introduction of the Internet, maintaining that free flow has been a challenge both for Congress and citizens. Congressional offices are overwhelmed with the significant increase in volume and the diversity of delivery methods used by advocate organizations. On the other hand, citizens and the advocacy community have been frustrated by the myriad of technological tools utilized by offices to authenticate that actual constituents are sending messages, yet result in technological and “user interface” obstacles to communications. -
Annual Report, FY 2013
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 2013 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2013 Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2014 CONTENTS Letter from the Librarian of Congress ......................... 5 Organizational Reports ............................................... 47 Organization Chart ............................................... 48 Library of Congress Officers ........................................ 6 Congressional Research Service ............................ 50 Library of Congress Committees ................................. 7 U.S. Copyright Office ............................................ 52 Office of the Librarian .......................................... 54 Facts at a Glance ......................................................... 10 Law Library ........................................................... 56 Library Services .................................................... 58 Mission Statement. ...................................................... 11 Office of Strategic Initiatives ................................. 60 Serving the Congress................................................... 12 Office of Support Operations ............................... 62 Legislative Support ................................................ 13 Office of the Inspector General ............................ 63 Copyright Matters ................................................. 14 Copyright Royalty Board ..................................... -
The Senate in Transition Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Nuclear Option1
\\jciprod01\productn\N\NYL\19-4\NYL402.txt unknown Seq: 1 3-JAN-17 6:55 THE SENATE IN TRANSITION OR HOW I LEARNED TO STOP WORRYING AND LOVE THE NUCLEAR OPTION1 William G. Dauster* The right of United States Senators to debate without limit—and thus to filibuster—has characterized much of the Senate’s history. The Reid Pre- cedent, Majority Leader Harry Reid’s November 21, 2013, change to a sim- ple majority to confirm nominations—sometimes called the “nuclear option”—dramatically altered that right. This article considers the Senate’s right to debate, Senators’ increasing abuse of the filibuster, how Senator Reid executed his change, and possible expansions of the Reid Precedent. INTRODUCTION .............................................. 632 R I. THE NATURE OF THE SENATE ........................ 633 R II. THE FOUNDERS’ SENATE ............................. 637 R III. THE CLOTURE RULE ................................. 639 R IV. FILIBUSTER ABUSE .................................. 641 R V. THE REID PRECEDENT ............................... 645 R VI. CHANGING PROCEDURE THROUGH PRECEDENT ......... 649 R VII. THE CONSTITUTIONAL OPTION ........................ 656 R VIII. POSSIBLE REACTIONS TO THE REID PRECEDENT ........ 658 R A. Republican Reaction ............................ 659 R B. Legislation ...................................... 661 R C. Supreme Court Nominations ..................... 670 R D. Discharging Committees of Nominations ......... 672 R E. Overruling Home-State Senators ................. 674 R F. Overruling the Minority Leader .................. 677 R G. Time To Debate ................................ 680 R CONCLUSION................................................ 680 R * Former Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy for U.S. Senate Democratic Leader Harry Reid. The author has worked on U.S. Senate and White House staffs since 1986, including as Staff Director or Deputy Staff Director for the Committees on the Budget, Labor and Human Resources, and Finance. -
Download History of the House Page Program
HISTORY OF THE HOUSE PAGE PROGRAM CONTENTS Introduction 1 Page Origins 2 Page Responsibilities 7 Representatives as Role Models and Mentors 10 Page Traditions 12 Breaking Down Racial and Gender Barriers 17 Pages and Publicity 19 Schools, Dorms, and Reforms 21 Pages and the Communications Revolution 26 The End of the House Page Program 28 Notes 30 Pages wore lapel pins to identify themselves during work or to affiliate themselves with the Page program. Left, a National Fraternity of Pages pin owned by Glenn Rupp, a House Page in the 1930s, includes the date 1912, which may indicate the founding date of the organization. Middle, a Page pin from 1930 is more elaborately designed than the average uniform lapel pin and features an enamel shield with links attaching a pendant that indicates the date of service. Right, a pin from 100th Congress (1987– 1989) has a House seal in the center and is similar to those worn by Members on their own lapels. Page Pins, Collection of the U.S. House of Representatives i House Pages pose for a class photo on the East Front of the Capitol. Class Photo from The Congressional Eagle Yearbook, 2007, Collection of the U.S. House of Representatives For more than two centuries, young people served as Pages in the U.S. House of Representatives and enjoyed an unparalleled opportunity to observe and participate in the legislative process in “the People’s House.” Despite the frequent and colossal changes to America’s national fabric over that period, the expectations and experiences of House Pages, regardless of when they served, have been linked by certain commonalities—witnessing history, interacting with Representatives, and taking away lifelong inspiration to participate in civic life. -
The Filibuster and Reconciliation: the Future of Majoritarian Lawmaking in the U.S
The Filibuster and Reconciliation: The Future of Majoritarian Lawmaking in the U.S. Senate Tonja Jacobi†* & Jeff VanDam** “If this precedent is pushed to its logical conclusion, I suspect there will come a day when all legislation will be done through reconciliation.” — Senator Tom Daschle, on the prospect of using budget reconciliation procedures to pass tax cuts in 19961 Passing legislation in the United States Senate has become a de facto super-majoritarian undertaking, due to the gradual institutionalization of the filibuster — the practice of unending debate in the Senate. The filibuster is responsible for stymieing many legislative policies, and was the cause of decades of delay in the development of civil rights protection. Attempts at reforming the filibuster have only exacerbated the problem. However, reconciliation, a once obscure budgetary procedure, has created a mechanism of avoiding filibusters. Consequently, reconciliation is one of the primary means by which significant controversial legislation has been passed in recent years — including the Bush tax cuts and much of Obamacare. This has led to minoritarian attempts to reform reconciliation, particularly through the Byrd Rule, as well as constitutional challenges to proposed filibuster reforms. We argue that the success of the various mechanisms of constraining either the filibuster or reconciliation will rest not with interpretation by † Copyright © 2013 Tonja Jacobi and Jeff VanDam. * Professor of Law, Northwestern University School of Law, t-jacobi@ law.northwestern.edu. Our thanks to John McGinnis, Nancy Harper, Adrienne Stone, and participants of the University of Melbourne School of Law’s Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies speaker series. ** J.D., Northwestern University School of Law (2013), [email protected]. -
Kdittmar Invisible Forces November Draft
Invisible Forces: Gender, Race, and Congressional Staff Kelly Dittmar, Ph.D. Rutgers University – Camden Center for American Women and Politics, Rutgers University – New Brunswick **WORKING PAPER** 1 INTRODUCTION Forty years ago, Harrison Fox and Susan Hammond published a seminal book on congressional staff, calling staffers “the invisible force in American lawmaking.” They were not the first observers of congressional dynamics to note the often unseen and under-investigated role of professional staff on Capitol Hill, nor have they been the last. Just two years later, Michael Malbin (1980) published Unelected Representatives: Congressional Staff and the Future of Representative Government, seeking to make visible what he perceived as an underappreciated level of staff influence on the policy process. By the mid-1990s, however, Herbert and Karen Foerstel (1996) still characterized congressional staff as representing “the large and influential Capitol Hill infrastructure” that is “invisible to most of the public” (145). Staff remained largely invisible to scholars as well, central to only a handful of book-length publications over the past four decades (Fox and Hammond 1977; Malbin 1980; Pierce 2014; Jones 2017a). The dearth of research on congressional professionals stands in stark contrast to the increased professionalization of the nation’s top legislative institution. The “ever-increasing complexity of governing,” as the national policy agenda has become larger and more complicated, has required members of Congress to hire specialists able to assist them in navigating the new political realities of effective representation (Romzek and Utter 1997, 1251; see also Polsby 1969). The Legislative Reorganization Acts of 1946 and 1970 both increased manpower and encouraged specialization among staff and members, helping them to meet mounting legislative demands. -
The Rise of One-Party Rule in the Senate Charles Tiefer University of Baltimore School of Law
Roger Williams University Law Review Volume 24 | Issue 1 Article 3 Winter 2019 Deliberation's Demise: The Rise of One-Party Rule in the Senate Charles Tiefer University of Baltimore School of Law Kathleen Clark Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.rwu.edu/rwu_LR Part of the American Politics Commons, and the Legislation Commons Recommended Citation Tiefer, Charles and Clark, Kathleen (2019) "Deliberation's Demise: The Rise of One-Party Rule in the Senate," Roger Williams University Law Review: Vol. 24 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://docs.rwu.edu/rwu_LR/vol24/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at DOCS@RWU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Roger Williams University Law Review by an authorized editor of DOCS@RWU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Deliberation’s Demise: The Rise of One-Party Rule in the Senate Charles Tiefer* and Kathleen Clark** ABSTRACT Much of the recent legal scholarship on the Senate expresses concern about gridlock, which was caused in part by the Senate’s supermajority requirement to pass legislation and confirm presidential nominees. This scholarship exalted the value of procedural changes permitting the majority party to push through legislation and confirmations, and failed to appreciate salutary aspects of the supermajority requirement: that it provided a key structural support for stability and balance in governance. The Senate changed its rules in order to address the problem of partisan gridlock, and now a party with a bare majority is able to force through much of its agenda. -
Gould Article
JONATHAN S. GOULD Law Within Congress abstract. Procedure has long shaped how Congress operates. Procedural battles have been central to legislative contestation about civil rights, the welfare state, tax policy, and presidential impeachments. In these instances and many others, procedural disputes often turn not on written rules but on parliamentary precedents. These precedents constitute a hidden system of law that has received little scholarly attention, despite being critical to shaping what goes on in Congress. This Article explores parliamentary precedent in Congress. Parliamentary precedent mostly resembles judicial precedent: both are common-law systems that rely on the arguments of adver- sarial parties. But the two systems differ in key respects. Parliamentary decision-making employs an especially strong form of stare decisis, is minimalist in the extreme, and relies freely on legisla- tive purpose and legislative history as tools of interpretation. These seemingly legal dynamics play out in the shadow of congressional politics. Understand- ing parliamentary precedent requires understanding the institutional positions of the parliamen- tarians, the nonpartisan officials who resolve procedural disputes. The parliamentarians’ distinc- tive jurisprudence reflects their tenuous positions—namely, that they can be removed, overruled, or circumvented by the majority party. Drawing on novel interviews with parliamentarians and the legislative staffers who work closely with them, this Article illuminates the intersection of law and politics in the making of parliamentary precedent. A better understanding of parliamentary precedent contributes to our understanding of how Congress operates and the fault lines that emerge in an age of polarization and hardball. These dynamics also hold lessons for public law more broadly. -
Daniel's Roofing
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NOTABLE NORTH CAROLINA 12 Things to Know About Former North
NOTABLE NORTH CAROLINA 12 Things to Know About Former North Carolina 11th District Congressman and New Presidential Chief of Staff Mark Meadows1 Compiled by Mac McCorkle, B.J. Rudell, and Anna Knier 1. Friendship with His Recently Deceased Counterpart on the House Oversight Committee, Congressman Elijah Cummings (D‐MD) Despite political differences, Rep. Meadows and recently deceased Democratic Congressman Elijah Cummings (D‐MD) developed an uncommonly strong friendship that helped bridge partisan divides on the procedures of the House Oversight Committee. NPR | Washington Post 2. A Founder of the House Freedom Caucus Along with outgoing Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney (a former South Carolina congressman), Rep. Meadows was one of the nine founding members of the conservative House Freedom Caucus in January 2015. Time | Washington Post | Pew Research Center 3. Support for Governmental Shutdown in the Cause of Limited Government A GOP attempt to stop implementation of the Affordable Care Act resulted in a 16‐day government shutdown in October 2013. As a newly elected representative, Rep. Meadows helped galvanize the effort by circulating a letter urging the GOP House leadership to take action. The letter gained signatures of support from 79 GOP House members. CNN | Fox News | New York Daily News | Asheville Citizen‐Times 4. Meadows Versus GOP House Speaker John Boehner On July 28, 2015, Rep. Meadows introduced H. Res. 385 to “vacate the chair”—a resolution to remove Speaker John Boehner. No House member had filed such a motion since 1910. Boehner announced his resignation as Speaker less than two months later on September 25, 2015. New York Times | National Review | Ballotpedia 1 For historical background on recent chiefs of staff, see Chris Wipple, The Gatekeepers: How the White House Chiefs Define Every Presidency (2017).