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Home , BeBe Winans, Hawk Koch, Margot Lee Shetterly, Marie Arana, Rodney Frelinghuysen, The Hill (newspaper)

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

Annual Report of the LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS For the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2017

Library of Congress

Washington, D.C.

2018 On the cover: Alisha Chipman of the Library’s Preservation Directorate performs conservation work on a photo of abolitionist Harriet Tubman jointly acquired in 2017 by the Library and the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture. Shawn Miller

Inside front cover: A banner welcomes visitors to the “Echoes of the Great War: American Experiences of World War I” exhibition in the Jefferson Building. Shawn Miller

Library of Congress 101 Independence Avenue, S.E. Washington, DC 20540

For the Library of Congress online, visit loc.gov.

The annual report is published through the Office of Communications, Office of the Librarian, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20540-1610, Telephone (202) 707-2905.

Executive Editor: Gayle Osterberg Editor: Mark Hartsell Managing Editor: John Sayers Photo Editor: Shawn Miller Design and composition: Blue House Design

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 6-6273 ISSN 0083-1565 Key title: Annual Report of the Librarian of Congress

For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP Washington, DC 20402-9328 ISBN 978-0-8444-9577-4

2 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS CONTENTS

Letter from the Librarian of Congress...... 5 Organizational Reports...... 47 Organizational Chart...... 48 Library of Congress Officers...... 6 Law Library...... 49 Library of Congress Committees...... 8 Library Services...... 50 Congressional Research Service...... 52 Facts at a Glance...... 10 Office of the Librarian...... 54 Mission Statement...... 11 National and International Outreach...... 58 U.S. Copyright Office...... 60 Serving the Congress...... 12 Office of the Inspector General...... 62 Legislative Support...... 13 Copyright Royalty Board...... 63 Copyright Law and Policy...... 13 Congressional Preservation Efforts...... 14 Appendices Other Services to Congress...... 14 A. Library of Congress Advisory Bodies...... 65 Supporting the Library...... 16 B. Selected Acquisitions...... 70 C. Exhibitions...... 72 Collecting, Preserving and Providing D. Publications...... 74 Access to Knowledge...... 18 E. The Library in the News...... 76 Collecting...... 18 F. Statistical Tables...... 78 Preserving...... 19 1. Appropriations for 2017...... 78 Providing Access to Knowledge...... 23 2. Appropriations for 2018...... 78 Promoting Creativity, Scholarship 3. Financial Statistics...... 79 and Lifelong Learning...... 28 4. Additions to the Collections—Items...... 82 Promoting Creativity...... 28 5. Additions to the Collections—Titles...... 84 Promoting Scholarship...... 32 6. Unprocessed Arrearages...... 84 Promoting Lifelong Learning...... 36 7. Cataloging Production...... 85 Celebrating Achievement...... 40 8. MARC Records...... 85 Library of Congress Prizes and Awards...... 42 9. Preservation Treatment Statistics...... 86 Library Staff Recognition...... 45 10. Copyright Registrations...... 87 11. U.S. Copyright Office Business Summary.....88 12. Services to Individuals Who are Blind or Physically Handicapped...... 89 13. Reference Services...... 90 14. Circulation...... 91 15. Cataloging Distribution Service: Financial Statistics...... 91 16. Human Resources...... 92

3 Letter From THE LIBRARIAN of Congress

4 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS I am pleased to present the Annual Report of the Librarian of Congress for Fiscal Year 2017.

The past year has been an exciting one for the Library of Congress.

In fiscal 2017, the Library made great strides in areas such as information- technology centralization to improve the quality and efficiency of its operations. The Library’s staff also worked creatively and collaboratively to help the institution better serve its users and to reach new audiences.

The release of 25 million Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) records provided free access, for the first time ever, to this great and extensive resource. New “touch history” tours allowed visually impaired visitors to experience the Jefferson Building’s magnificence. A new crowdsourcing app invited users to help create a database of historic images from Chronicling . “Pop-up” exhibitions and programming brought new audiences to the Library to explore topics like comic books and disco culture.

The Library’s staff welcomed nearly 1.9 million visitors on-site and more than 110 million visits to the Library’s online properties.

They also added more than 2.5 million items to the Library’s collections. At the end of the fiscal year, those collections held over 167 million items— books, manuscripts, photographs, prints, maps and audio and video recordings that document the history and culture of our nation and, indeed, the world.

Those millions of additions included a once-in-a-generation treasure. Working collaboratively with the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture, the Library acquired an of photos containing a previously unrecorded portrait of abolitionist Harriet Tubman—a groundbreaking partnership that brought this rare gem into the public sphere for the first time.

The Library of Congress, founded in 1800, today stands as the world’s pre-eminent reservoir of knowledge, serving Congress and the American public. It’s our privilege to do so.

Sincerely,

Carla Hayden Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden, 14th Librarian of Congress. Shawn Miller

5 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS OFFICERS (on September 30, 2017)

Executive Committee Carla Hayden Bernard A. Barton Jr. J. Mark Sweeney Librarian of Congress Chief Information Officer Associate Librarian for Library Services

Robert R. Newlen Mary B. Mazanec Jane McAuliffe Deputy Librarian of Congress Director, Congressional Research Service Director, National and for Institutional Advancement International Outreach Karyn A. Temple Elizabeth C. Morrison Acting Register of Copyrights Roswell M. Encina Chief of Staff Chief Communications Officer Jane Sánchez Edward R. Jablonski Law Librarian of Congress Chief Operating Officer

Advisors to the Executive Committee Elizabeth Pugh Mary Klutts Dianne Houghton General Counsel Chief Financial Officer Senior Advisor for Organizational Performance, Rachel Bouman Ryan Ramsey Office of the Librarian Director, Human Resources Services Senior Advisor for Strategic Direction and Policy

Operations Committee Edward R. Jablonski David Christopher Dianne Houghton Chair, Chief Operating Officer Chief of Operations, Senior Advisor for Organizational U.S. Copyright Office Performance, Office of the Librarian Alvert Q. Banks Director for Technology Policy, Judith Conklin Roberto Salazar Library Services Deputy Chief Information Officer, Assistant Law Librarian for Operations Office of the Chief Information Officer and Planning, Law Library Joseph J. Cappello Director of Operations, National and Francois DiFolco International Outreach Associate Director for Finance and Administration, CRS

Inspector General Kurt W. Hyde

Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry Tracy K. Smith (2017–present)

6 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS LIBRARY OF CONGRESS TRUST FUND BOARD MEMBERS (on September 30, 2017)

Ex Officio Members Carla Hayden Rep. Gregg Harper David Lebryk Librarian of Congress Chairman, Joint Committee Fiscal Assistant on the Library of Congress Secretary of the Treasury (representing the Sen. Richard C. Shelby Hon. Steven Terner Mnuchin, Vice Chairman, Joint Committee Secretary of the Treasury) on the Library of Congress

Senate Appointments Kathleen L. Casey Thomas Girardi George Marcus Alexandria, Virginia , California Palo Alto, California

Christopher G. Long , New York

House of Representatives Appointments J. Richard Fredericks (Vacancy) (Vacancy) San Francisco, California (Vacancy)

Presidential Appointments Sheila Marcelo Waltham, Massachusetts

John Miller Milwaukee, Wisconsin

7 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS COMMITTEES

Joint Committee on the Library of Congress, 115th Congress, First Session Rep. Gregg Harper (Mississippi), Chairman

Sen. Richard C. Shelby (Alabama), Vice Chairman

Sen. Pat Roberts (Kansas) Rep. Kevin Yoder (Kansas)

Sen. Roy Blunt (Missouri) Rep. (Georgia)

Sen. Amy Klobuchar (Minnesota) Rep. Robert A. Brady (Pennsylvania)

Sen. Patrick J. Leahy (Vermont) Rep. (California)

Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, Senate, 115th Congress, First Session Sen. Richard C. Shelby (Alabama), Chairman

Sen. Amy Klobuchar (Minnesota),

Sen. Mitch McConnell (Kentucky) Sen. (California)

Sen. Thad Cochran (Mississippi) Sen. Charles E. Schumer (New York)

Sen. Lamar Alexander (Tennessee) Sen. Richard J. Durbin ()

Sen. Pat Roberts (Kansas) Sen. Tom Udall (New Mexico)

Sen. Roy Blunt (Missouri) Sen. Mark R. Warner (Virginia)

Sen. (Texas) Sen. Patrick J. Leahy (Vermont)

Sen. (West Virginia) Sen. Angus S. King (Maine)

Sen. Roger F. Wicker (Mississippi) Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto (Nevada)

Sen. Deb Fischer (Nebraska)

Committee on House Administration, United States House of Representatives, 115th Congress, First Session Rep. Gregg Harper (Mississippi), Chairman

Rep. Rodney Davis (Illinois), Vice Chairman

Rep. Robert A. Brady (Pennsylvania), Ranking Member

Rep. Barbara Comstock (Virginia) Rep. Zoe Lofgren (California)

Rep. Mark Walker (North Carolina) Rep. (Maryland)

Rep. Adrian Smith (Nebraska)

Rep. Barry Loudermilk (Georgia)

8 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS LIBRARY OF CONGRESS COMMITTEES (continued)

Subcommittee on Legislative Branch, Committee on Appropriations, , 115th Congress, First Session Sen. James Lankford (Oklahoma), Chairman

Sen. Christopher Murphy (Connecticut), Ranking Member

Sen. John Kennedy () Sen. Chris Van Hollen (Maryland)

Sen. (Florida)

Subcommittee on Legislative Branch, Committee on Appropriations, United States House of Representatives, 115th Congress, First Session Rep. Kevin Yoder (Kansas), Chairman

Rep. Mark E. Amodei (Nevada), Vice Chairman

Rep. Tim Ryan (Ohio), Ranking Member

Rep. (Washington) Rep. Betty McCollum (Minnesota)

Rep. John R. Moolenaar () Rep. (Florida)

Rep. Scott Taylor (Virginia)

9 FACTS AT A GLANCE In fiscal year 2017, the Library of Congress…

■■ Responded to more than 1 million ■■ 127,710,490 items in the nonclassified reference requests from Congress, the (special) collections, including: public and other federal agencies; 1 ■■ 3,696,825 audio materials ■■ Registered more than 450,000 (discs, tapes, talking books and claims to copyright through the other recorded formats) U.S. Copyright Office; ■■ 72,061,060 manuscripts ■■ Circulated more than 20.9 million ■■ 5,586,836 maps copies of braille and recorded books and magazines to more than 470,000 ■■ 17,219,510 microforms blind and physically handicapped ■■ 1,826,847 moving images reader accounts; ■■ 8,195,320 items of sheet music ■■ Circulated more than 1 million items ■■ 15,683,296 visual materials, for use inside and outside the Library; as follows: ■■ Performed nearly 10 million ■■ 14,897,266 photographs preservation actions on items in the ■■ 108,815 posters Library’s physical collections; ■■ 677,215 prints and drawings ■■ Recorded a total of 167,000,738 items in the collections: ■■ 3,440,796 other (including machine-readable items) ■■ 24,356,449 cataloged books in the Library of Congress ■■ Welcomed nearly 1.9 million on-site classification system visitors and recorded 110 million visits and 503.1 million page views ■■ 14,933,799 items in the nonclassified on the Library’s web properties; print collections, including books in large type and raised characters, ■■ Operated with a total fiscal 2017 incunabula (books printed before appropriation of $631.95 million, 1501), monographs and serials, including the authority to spend music, bound , $52.07 million in offsetting receipts.

pamphlets, technical reports and 1 Direct use of Congressional Research Service other print material reports is included in this calculation.

From top: Visitors at a Main Reading Room open house; letters of thanks written to the United States by Belgian children after World War I; intern Zein Oweis examines books in the Thomas Jefferson’s Library exhibition; a rare 12th-century book with its original binding still intact; American violins from the collection of David Bromberg; Cambodian-American dancers perform in the Coolidge Auditorium; original sheet music of John Philip Sousa’s “Stars and Stripes Forever.” Shawn Miller

10 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS MISSION STATEMENT

The Library’s central mission is to provide Congress, the federal government and the American people with a rich, diverse and enduring source of knowledge that can be relied upon to inform, inspire and engage them and support their creative endeavors.

The magnificent Main Reading Room of the Jefferson Building.Shawn Miller

11 Serving the CONGRESS

The Library of Congress was established in 1800 to provide resources to Members of Congress for use in their work. The Joint Committee on the Library— the oldest continuing joint committee of the U.S. Congress—was created through legislation signed by President John Adams on April 24, 1800, legislation that also created a library for the nation’s lawmakers and provided for its . The unique collaboration between these two institutions has allowed both to serve the nation for more than two centuries.

Sunset falls over the U.S. Capitol, as seen from the Library’s Thomas Jefferson Building. Shawn Miller

12 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS n fiscal 2017 , the Library supported Members of Congress, their staffs and constituents in a variety of ways, from providing reference, Iresearch and analysis on key issues of the day to supplying surplus books to congressional districts. The Library also continued to implement new technologies to make the legislative process more accessible and transparent to the American public.

LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT The Congressional Research Service (CRS) in the Library of Congress has one mission: to serve the nation’s lawmakers in the performance of their work. The research and analysis, Above, Rep. (D-Ga.) discusses his book “March” with children in the Young seminars and programs produced Readers Center. At right, Lewis autographs a by CRS provide Congress with a copy of his book. Shawn Miller nonpartisan, confidential resource that helps it navigate the legislative process and address important, complex issues. law books and legal resources. The Last year, CRS responded to over collection includes more than 2.96 61,400 targeted congressional requests. million volumes and global legal In addition, the congressional audience materials in various formats. viewed research products on the CRS website more than 658,000 times. In fiscal 2017, the Law Library answered 1,311 congressional inquiries the Copyright Act include registering CRS examines pressing legislative and provided Members of Congress creative works, recording information issues facing Congress; identifies and with 339 legal research reports, special about copyright ownership and assesses policy options; and provides studies and memoranda. The Law implementing certain statutory licenses. analysis, consultation and briefings Library’s legal reference librarians The Register and her staff also provide to support Congress throughout the assist any time either expert impartial assistance to Congress, legislative process across the full range chamber of Congress is in session, no the courts and executive branch of public policy issues. matter the hour. In fiscal 2017, the Law agencies on questions of domestic and Library Reading Room remained open international copyright law and policy. Congress established the Law Library more than 893 hours for the benefit of of Congress in 1832 with the mission congressional staff. of making its resources available to Congress and the Supreme Court—a In fiscal 2017, the Law mission that has expanded to include COPYRIGHT LAW Library answered other branches of government AND POLICY and the global legal community. The U.S. Copyright Office, headed by Librarians and lawyers respond to the Register of Copyrights, administers congressional inquiries about U.S., the nation’s copyright laws for the foreign, comparative and international advancement of the public good and the legal and legislative research, drawing benefit of authors and users of creative 1,311 congressional inquiries. upon the world’s largest collection of works. The Register’s duties under

SERVING THE CONGRESS 13 offices by sharing information via a subscription-based e-newsletter for congressional communications staff, presenting in-office briefings to congressional staff, providing training sessions for staff and volunteers and supporting Members’ commemorative submission events. VHP conducted its annual congressional staff briefing and provided reference services to congressional offices for speeches and

Left: Rep. (D-Calif.) addresses an event celebrating the Americans with other communications tools, such as Disabilities Act. Right: Rep. (D-Calif.) introduces a performer at a concert in the social media content. The project Coolidge Auditorium. Shawn Miller engaged in direct involvement with 81 congressional offices. Throughout fiscal 2017, the Copyright CONGRESSIONAL Office continued to support the work PRESERVATION EFFORTS loc.gov/film/ of Congress. At the request of the The Library of Congress is leading Senate, the office issued its Software- several major preservation initiatives loc.gov/rr/record/nrpb/ Enabled Consumer Products study, at the behest of Congress that will digitalpreservation.gov/ which reviewed the role of copyright ensure America’s history and culture loc.gov/vets law with respect to software-enabled are captured and preserved for consumer products. Also at the request generations to come. of Congress, the office completed OTHER SERVICES its first comprehensive public study In its concern for preserving the TO CONGRESS The Library reached out to Congress assessing the operation of section 1201 nation’s audiovisual heritage, to ensure both new and returning of Title 17, . Congress enacted the National Members, as well as new committee Preservation Act of 1988 and the The office completed a fee study chairs and ranking Members, National Recording Preservation regarding certain copyright recordation were aware of the full range of its Act of 2000. These acts direct the fees and submitted a proposed schedule collections, programs and services. Librarian of Congress to select and analysis of those fees to Congress “culturally, historically or aesthetically” on Aug. 18, 2017. The office also During fiscal 2017, the Congressional significant and sound recordings, issued a discussion document reviewing Relations Office (CRO) received and section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act respectively, for preservation. To date, answered nearly 25,000 phone and in the context of the digital age. 700 films and 475 sound recordings email inquiries, sent nearly 124,000 have been selected. outreach emails to congressional The Copyright Office submitted offices regarding Library of Congress letters to both the House and Senate Established by Congress in 2000, the services and programming and regarding its consideration of the Veterans History Project (VHP) in the assisted Members in hosting 150 viability of establishing a pilot program Library’s American Folklife Center events at the Library. to facilitate certain types of mass preserves the memories of those in our digitalization projects through extended nation’s armed services and others who The Librarian of Congress—with collective licensing. shared America’s wartime experience in CRO support—continued to host the 20th and early 21st centuries. The the popular dinner series Congressional copyright.gov/policy/software project now holds more than 100,000 Dialogues. Held exclusively for Members of Congress and their guests, the copyright.gov/policy/1201 collections from across the nation. fiscal 2017 series of six events averaged copyright.gov/policy/ In fiscal 2017, VHP helped provide attendance of over 120 Members. feestudy2017/fee-study-2017.pdf information about this constituent CRO also coordinated nearly 1,800 copyright.gov/policy/section108 service for more than 180 Members’ visits by Members and/or their

14 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS ongoing Kluge Conversations breakfast series, staff retreats and Congress Comes spouse organization receptions. to the Library The Library also hosted six Congressional Dialogues events in the Great Hall, programs that offer Members and guests the chance to The Library of Congress provides hear presentations from biographers support to Congress in a host of or historians about important figures ways—including as a venue for and events. Those dialogues, which congressional events and Library feature displays of historical items from programs that allow Members to Library collections, averaged over 120 explore our nation’s history, celebrate Members in attendance. artistic achievement and discover the On Nov. 15, 2016, six Members institution’s collections and services. attended an event providing Rep. Rodney Frelinghuysen (R-N.J.) speaks During fiscal 2017, the Library’s congressional recognition for Smokey at a reception for the “Echoes of the Great Congressional Relations Office (CRO) Robinson, recipient of the Library of War” exhibition. Shawn Miller assisted Members in hosting 150 Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular events and meetings at the Library. Song. Vice Chairman of the Joint Committee on House Administration CRO worked with Speaker Paul Ryan’s Committee on the Library Gregg Chairman Candice Miller. office to organize two receptions Harper presented Robinson with In May 2017, 39 Members attended in the Great Hall, a new-Member a flag that was flown over the U.S. the ninth annual “We Write the Songs” orientation in December that drew Capitol in honor of his contributions concert, a collaboration between the over 700 guests and a January pre- to music. The following night, over 90 Library and the American Society of inaugural reception attended by Members attended a tribute concert Composers, Authors and Publishers. more than 800, including Members at DAR Constitution Hall. Six Members During the program, six Members took of Congress. Many Members held participated in the award presentation: the stage to introduce performers— retreats for policy discussions with Harper, House Majority Leader Kevin they included Peter Frampton and colleagues and staff in the Members McCarthy, Senate Democratic Whip Ledisi—from their districts. Room on several occasions. Other Richard Durbin, House Democratic events included displays of Library Leader , House The Veterans History Project hosted treasures for special guests, the Democratic Whip and its annual briefing in May for over 90 congressional staff in the Members Room, providing information about the project and ways in which Members can participate.

For the eighth year, CRO hosted a forum for congressional chiefs of staff, staff of the members of the Congressional Library of Congress Caucus and education legislative assistants regarding the Library’s education resources. In March, over 30 congressional staffers and interns attended this briefing, where they learned how teachers in their districts Rep. can access the Library’s wide range of (R-N.J.) examines primary source resources, curricula, a map from the Library’s collections. teacher training and more. Shawn Miller

SERVING THE CONGRESS 15 reservation system (VERSO-Cloud) in April 2017 that allows congressional staff to make tour bookings in real time. As of Sept. 30, the system had registered 525 accounts created and over 8,000 reservations made.

The Library had 419 visits from congressional offices to the Surplus Book Program, resulting in almost 40,000 books and materials being selected to send to libraries, schools and non-profits in Members’ districts and states. In return, congressional offices donated over 7,000 books and other Above: Sen. Deb Fischer (R-Neb.) and constituent liaison Nicholas Cordonier items to the Surplus Book Program. present a donation of oral histories to VHP Many participating Members received director Karen Lloyd (left) and Librarian of attention from media outlets in their Congress Carla Hayden (right). Left: Rep. districts and used their social media (R-Ark.) presents an oral history donation to Lloyd. Shawn Miller accounts to talk about the program.

The Loan Reference and Collections Day—highlighting the Library’s newly Support Section’s Congressional Team digitized papers. New in received and processed 17,152 requests fiscal 2017 was state-specific outreach from Members of Congress, their staffs released to each delegation on the and special borrowers during the fiscal anniversary of their state entering the year. Of that number, the team was union, which prompted over 100 uses spouses, who attended Library events, able to fill 16,416 requests for analog, by congressional offices. took special tours, viewed collections or e-books and audio material. attended meetings about the services LCnet is a website created and the Library provides to Congress. maintained by CRO as an information SUPPORTING THE LIBRARY portal for Library support services to The Library operated under a series of CRO continued creating outreach Congress. Intended for congressional continuing resolutions for a significant material to encourage congressional use only, the site in fiscal 2017 portion of the year, from Oct. 1, 2016, offices to share Library services registered 38,242 page views. In addition to May 5, 2017. During this period, the and events via social media. This to providing information on Library Library maintained the approximate service provides congressional offices events and services such as book fiscal 2016 appropriations funding level, with CRO-prepared loan, digital services and educational less a small rate of operations reduction. posts, tweets, YouTube content and programs and resources, LCnet also Pinterest items to facilitate constituent hosts a digital-images gallery and links to The president signed the Consolidated outreach. In fiscal 2017, CRO the social media products and materials Appropriations Act of 2017 (P.L. 115- produced and distributed 57 new created for commemorative months 31) on May 5, providing the Library and improved social media products and holidays. a total budget authority of $684.04 focusing on women’s history, black million for fiscal 2017, including history, Asian-Pacific Islander history LCnet provides information about $631.96 million in appropriations and and Hispanic history months; on scheduling Jefferson Building tours for $52.08 million in offsetting receipts the Veterans History Project for constituents, linking congressional staff authority. Total Library budget Veterans’ and Memorial days; and with a new reservation system. CRO authority increased approximately on baseball, National Library Week, collaborated with the Visitor Services 6.5 percent over fiscal 2016. In the Independence Day and Constitution Office to launch a new cloud-based largest increase, $20 million supported

16 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS migration of the Library’s Primary Computing Facility to an alternate facility. The bill also provided $6.56 million for IT security enhancements; $1.35 million for digital-collections management; $4.04 million in three- year funding for shelving replacement in the Law Library’s collections storage areas; $1.89 million for the Veterans History Project; and $8.44 million in no-year funding for the Teaching with Primary Sources program. Sen. Jeanne Shaheen (D-N.H.) examines collection items related to Thomas Jefferson at a special Library presentation in May. Shawn Miller The Copyright Office received funding June 7 before the Senate Appropriations Congress had not approved a final for its ongoing modernization efforts, Subcommittee on the Library’s fiscal fiscal 2018 Legislative Branch with $9.8 million in support of six new 2018 budget request. The Library’s appropriation bill at the end of fiscal Copyright Office initiatives to address request focused on modernization, registration backlogs and information- 2017. The president signed H.R. 601, transformation and innovation to technology issues. The bill also the Continuing Appropriations Act, increase access, outreach and customer included an increase of $1 million for 2018, to fund the government until service in all missions to ensure the CRS. The bill further encouraged the Dec. 8, 2017, at a 0.6791 percent rate Library’s ability to support Congress and National Library Service for the Blind of operations reduction to fiscal 2017 the American people. Subcommittee and Physically Handicapped to move funding levels. members inquired about Library forward with implementation of the programs, including IT centralization, braille eReader program. In addition, The Library of Congress Trust Fund IT modernization, Copyright Office the bill provided for the establishment Board, created in 1925 by an act of modernization, the new Primary of a National Collection Stewardship Congress, acted as trustee of private Computing Facility data center, CRS Fund to support preservation and funds invested for the benefit of the storage of collections. reports and staffing levels, collections storage and braille eReaders. The House Library. Its work supports Library Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden subcommittee also heard separate literacy programs, exhibitions, testified on May 18 before the House testimony from the CRS director and acquisitions, scholarly programs and Appropriations Subcommittee and on the Acting Register of Copyrights. fellowships, concerts and initiatives.

Left: Rep. (R-Pa.) greets Librarian Carla Hayden. Right: Rep. Steny Hoyer (D-Md.) swears in Rep. Anthony Brown (D-Md.). Shawn Miller

SERVING THE CONGRESS 17 Collecting, Preserving and Providing Access to KNOWLEDGE

COLLECTING In fiscal 2017, the Library’s collections grew to more than 167 million items in various formats. The Library added more than 2.5 million items to its collections during the year through purchase, gift, exchange or transfer from other government agencies. (See Appendix B, Selected Acquisitions.)

The U.S. Copyright office transferred a total of 658,045 works with an estimated value of $40,821,089 to the Library’s collections in fiscal 2017; 379,780 of the transferred items were received from publishers under the mandatory deposit provision of the law. Of those deposits, receipts via e-deposit include 43,248 e-books and 79,346 e-serial issues for a total of 20,901,085 digital files.

Marcus Toler reshelves items in the Fort Meade Module 1 storage facility. Shawn Miller

18 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS The Acquisitions and Bibliographic presentation system for collections-use PRESERVING Access Directorate (ABA) acquired statistics and improving the collection Preserving the Library’s holdings and 1,192,287 items for the Library’s of foreign newspapers. the information they contain is a critical collection through cost-effective part of the Library’s mission. The Following on the fiscal 2016 approval methods, including purchase and Preservation Directorate continued of the Digital Collecting Strategy Framework, exchange. In addition, ABA facilitated to assess and treat collections using the Digital Collecting Plan was approved the acquisition of 913,213 collection established technologies, practices and in January 2017, and a document— items through solicited gifts to the procedures to reduce risks to these “Collecting Digital Content at the Collections and Services Directorate. materials, and engaged in research to Library of Congress”—was drafted and With the acquisition of additional items explore new approaches to preservation. through means such as transfers from posted on the Library’s public website. other government agencies, a total The plan describes strategic objectives In fiscal 2017, the directorate performed over a five-year period. of more than 2.5 million items were nearly 10 million preservation actions added to the collections. Twelve Digital Collecting Plan target on items in the Library’s physical actions were completed in fiscal 2017. collections, including books, serials, The Library’s six overseas offices These actions included exploring the prints, photographs, audiovisual and (located in Cairo, Islamabad, Jakarta, feasibility of receiving other items. This year, 134,996 items Nairobi, New Delhi and Rio de e-prints under group registration; were bound into new library bindings; Janeiro) acquired, cataloged and increasing the number of publishers 35,654 were treated or repaired in preserved materials from parts of the participating in the Cataloging in conservation labs; protective containers world where the book and information Publication e-books program (139 new or housings were given to 47,222 industries are not well developed. In publishers were added, bringing the items; and 192,660 book equivalents fiscal 2017, those offices acquired total to 854); conducting an assessment and 589,857 sheets were deacidified. 185,987 items for the Library’s of the Library’s e-resources collection Staff continued to play a key role in collections. They also acquired 325,638 and providing recommendations; the Library’s security and emergency- collection items, on a cost-recovery drafting and finalizing standard response programs, monitoring over basis, for more than 100 U.S. libraries electronic resources license agreements; 230 environmental data loggers and that participated in the Cooperative and creating a collecting policy related surveying the preservation needs of Acquisitions Program. to data sets. 1,245,713 items from the Library’s

Collection Development The Collection Development Office (CDO) directly supports the Library’s strategic goal of acquiring and maintaining a universal collection of knowledge and the record of America’s creativity to meet the needs of Congress, researchers and the American public. It ensures that the Library’s analog and digital collections reflect the breadth and depth of knowledge published in all media, languages and regions of the world.

During fiscal 2017, CDO made steady progress in a number of areas, reviewing and updating the Library’s Collections Policy Statements, developing a central reporting and Family members examine the VHP collection of World War I veteran Louis Ronsheim. Shawn Miller

COLLECTING, PRESERVING AND PROVIDING ACCESS TO KNOWLEDGE 19 Clockwise from top: Deputy Librarian Robert Newlen and Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden unveil a print by photographer Bob Adelman; an 1811 census directory; cabinets display books in the Woodrow Wilson room; a 1789 issue of the Gazette of the United States. Shawn Miller

programs. The Library stores its collections on-site on and off-site in preservation-quality storage at Fort Meade, in interim storage in Cabin Branch, Maryland, and in additional storage in Landover, Maryland. In fiscal 2017, the Librarian of Congress approved a reorganization that will create a new Collections Management Division (CMD) within the Preservation Directorate, drawn from a portion of the existing Collections Access, Loan and Management Division. CMD’s responsibilities in the areas of inventory control and space management, collections maintenance and security, and operation of the Library’s storage facilities are closely allied to the work of the current Preservation Directorate divisions and provide numerous opportunities to optimize the way that general and special collections, including collections storage and handling support books, photographs, maps, audiovisual the Library’s preservation goals. materials and other formats. The Prints and Photographs Division To protect information at risk from continued a program to prepare deterioration, staff reformatted original negative and transparency photo media to keep its informational content collections destined for preservation available—8,109,460 pages were in the Fort Meade cold-storage rooms. microfilmed (including 2,264,386 pages Approximately 4,200 containers microfilmed at the Library’s New Delhi containing more than 5 million and Jakarta offices), and 919,157 files negatives were transported to the were digitally copied from obsolescent improved storage in fiscal 2017, resulting media and transferred to the Library’s in a total of over 6,500 containers repository system for archiving. now in Fort Meade cold storage. No film remains in any of the vaults at Appropriate collections storage is the Landover. This major achievement foundation of successful preservation marks the end of a 15-year-long project

20 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS to rehouse millions of negative and transparency collections at Landover so ensuring that the album remained in that they could be transferred to Fort public hands, guaranteeing permanent Meade, where the cold-room conditions A One-of-a-Kind public access and that the album and are more stable. Tubman Photo photos would remain together. loc.gov/preservation/ The Library and the NMAAHC agreed to make a joint bid, hoping to preserve the album at their two Off-site and On-site Storage. Newly discovered portraits of long- public, national institutions and make During the fiscal year, the Library famous Americans rarely surface— the images widely available online. continued to move collections into especially 150 years after they The Madison Council, the Library’s improved off-site collection-storage were made. private-sector advisory group, spaces. During fiscal 2017, more In spring 2017, however, a U.S. provided initial purchase funds, than 521,000 trackable items were auction house put up for bid a and the NMAAHC matched. The accessioned and relocated to its three photograph album that contained not collaboration proved essential for a off-site facilities, the vast majority to the one, but two such images from the winning bid on auction day, where the Fort Meade-compatible interim-storage Civil War era: a previously unknown final sale price rose well above the facility at Cabin Branch, Maryland. photo of abolitionist Harriet Tubman pre-auction estimate. and the only known photo of John The Howland album underwent Willis Menard, the first African- Newspapers careful conservation treatment at the American elected to Congress. Chronicling America. The Library, Library, and research expanded the in partnership with the National Today, the small, leather-bound institutions’ knowledge of it—many Endowment for the Humanities, album is jointly held by the Library of portraits that once lacked names now sponsors the National Digital Congress and the National Museum of have been identified. The institutions Newspaper Program (NDNP), a African American History and Culture made the album available online in project to digitize and provide free and (NMAAHC)—the result of a most March 2018 and planned to exhibit it public access to historical American unusual, and possibly unique, venture at the museum later that year. Moving newspapers that are in the public by these two public institutions. forward, the album will be available at each institution in two-year rotations. domain. In fiscal 2017, the NDNP The album, and the 44 portraits added 928,889 digitized pages from tucked inside, once belonged to The collaboration between the 28 states to its Chronicling America: Emily Howland, an abolitionist and Library and the museum ensures Historic American Newspapers website. Quaker school teacher who taught at these important, one-of-a-kind pieces Chronicling America received more Camp Todd, the Freedman’s School of American history will remain than 3.6 million visits and 38.7 million in Arlington, Virginia. Those photos accessible to the public in perpetuity. page views during the fiscal year. In fiscal collectively represent a community 2017, newspaper collections items (not of abolitionists, government officials, students, teachers, friends and including Chronicling America) received family—and a potential source of rich 831,974 page views and 161,461 visits. stories and research about aspects of American life during and after the Audio-visual Collections Civil War. Packard Campus for Audio- Officials at both the Library and the Visual Conservation. The Packard museum immediately understood the Campus for Audio-Visual Conservation historical significance of the album in Culpeper, Virginia, houses the and its value to the public. They Library’s recorded sound and moving also understood the importance of image collections—the world’s largest and most comprehensive. A carte de visite of abolitionist Harriet Tubman. Shawn Miller loc.gov/avconservation/

COLLECTING, PRESERVING AND PROVIDING ACCESS TO KNOWLEDGE 21 Clockwise from top: The Packard Campus Films. In fiscal 2017, the Moving Image for Audio-Visual Conservation; the Packard Section acquired 24,654 analog items. Campus data center; Laurel Howard inspects a film reel; historical film reels preserved at The largest gift was the 3,895-item the Library. Shawn Miller Kennedy Center Honors Collection donated by George Stevens Jr., who produced the Kennedy Center Honors show from 1978 to 2014. In addition, the section acquired 11,127 born- digital items, primarily 8,374 files included in the American Archive of Public Broadcasting, 2,234 Senate floor proceedings and 82 episodes of Saturday Night Live. The Packard Campus video lab increased preservation activities over the year. Collections were prioritized for reformatting, including House and Senate floor proceedings, CNN’s Operation Desert Storm coverage from 1991 and tapes from WETA’s coverage of the 1973 Watergate hearings.

On Dec. 14, 2016, the Librarian of Congress named 25 films to the National Film Registry, bringing the total to 700.

Sound Recordings. The Recorded Sound Section is responsible for stewardship of a collection of commercial and non-commercial recordings in all formats from all periods. In fiscal 2017, the section acquired 33,247 physical audio recordings, 41 manuscript items and 5,679 born-digital recordings. The section continued to actively capture examples of web radio, part of its Live Capture program, which provides the Library the authority to acquire “unpublished audiovisual transmissions” from the full range of broadcast and online sources. One of the most important developments for the acquisition of born-digital recordings continued to be the joint Library Services and Copyright Office working group for future e-deposit sound recordings.

22 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS Left: Michelle Smith and Glen Krankowski digitize the Hay and Nicolay copies of the Gettysburg Address. Right: Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden opens the ceremonial office of the Jefferson Building to the public for viewing.Shawn Miller

On March 29, 2017, the Librarian improved research access to Library User demand for collections remains announced the addition of 25 sound collections for the Air Force Academy, strong. The Library’s staff responded to recordings to the National Recording Coast Guard Academy, Merchant more than 333,923 reference requests. Registry, bringing the total to 475. Marine Academy, U.S. Military Almost 98,000 of these were received Academy and Naval Academy. online, including queries handled through the “Ask a Librarian” service. PROVIDING ACCESS Visitors to all Library buildings in The Library circulated 940,899 physical TO KNOWLEDGE fiscal 2017 totaled nearly 1.9 million. items on-site, an increase of 13,619. The Library makes its multiformat Of these, a record of more than 1.5 More than 70,000 items were circulated collections publicly available in its million visited the Thomas Jefferson off-site to authorized borrowers. The multiple reading rooms and research Building. The Library’s Great Hall and number of full-text items downloaded centers on Capitol Hill and at the exhibitions remained open to the public from the subscription databases Packard Campus for Audio-Visual on federal holidays, with the exception increased from 645,233 in fiscal 2016 to Conservation in Culpeper, Virginia, 757,535 in fiscal 2017. A total of 44,329 of Thanksgiving, Christmas and New and through its website. requests were received and filled for Year’s Day. The Main Reading Room items stored off-site at Fort Meade, Cabin By cataloging its holdings in English serves as venue for many special Library Branch or Landover, representing an and other languages, the Library events. This past year alone included increase of 30 percent over last year. provides bibliographic access to its multiple receptions for Congress and vast and growing collections. Through an open-house event for the public on loc.gov/rr/ shared and cooperative cataloging, Columbus Day. The Packard Campus loc.gov/findingaids/ the Library helps the nation’s also held an open house on Columbus libraries provide better access to their Day, the first time tours of the facility Cataloging collections. The Library provides global were offered to the general public. The Library managed 49,355,188 access to its resources and those of Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) other nations through the collaborative records in its Integrated Library Reference Services World Digital Library. System. The Library cataloged During fiscal 2017, nearly 59,000 389,040 new works during the year, On Sept. 18, 2017, the Library and the new reader-identification cards were in addition to 1,375,644 manuscript five U.S. service academies entered into issued—a significant increase over the items on 179 bibliographic records. a three-year, interagency cooperative previous fiscal year. On April 29, 2017, The Cataloging in Publication program agreement to support the growth of the Library opened a reader-registration cataloged 59,650 titles, and the service-member representation in the station in the Jefferson Building, joining Electronic Cataloging in Publication national collections at the Library, the existing Madison Building station E-book Program prepared cataloging, including within the Veterans History and offering more convenient service to in advance of publication, for 15,576 Project. The agreement also provides many users. e-books. The Library established

COLLECTING, PRESERVING AND PROVIDING ACCESS TO KNOWLEDGE 23 The NLS Music Collection, the largest- known special-format music collection in the world, acquired 418 new titles. NLS completed a multiyear analog- to-digital project, moving more than 42,000 titles from cassette to digital format and allowing the retirement of its C-1 cassette book machine. The service initiated a pilot for a braille eReader. NLS also created a new, feature-rich and fully accessible website to replace Docent Kathy Guthrie and visitors explore the footlocker of WWI veteran C.F. Stensen. its previous site. During the year, NLS Shawn Miller launched a multiyear, multimedia 277,245 name and series authorities first phase focused on training the 42 campaign that kicked off with a digital and 3,084 subject headings. staff members who participated in outreach campaign targeting key the BIBFRAME Pilot 1.0. These staff audiences of potential patrons. The Dewey Program, which supports members commenced training June 1 libraries worldwide that classify their and started working in BIBFRAME World Digital Library titles in Dewey Decimal Classification 2.0 the same day. The second phase The World Digital Library (WDL) is (DDC), assigned DDC to 115,748 titles. consisted of training about 30 staff a website that presents documents of members new to the BIBFRAME Pilot. During the year, the Library’s curatorial historical significance about numerous New pilot staff members were trained by divisions created 93 new Encoded cultures in digital form, free of charge the end of July 2017 and commenced Archival Description finding aids online. and in seven languages. A total of 148 working in BIBFRAME 2.0 as soon as As a result, researchers can now access libraries, museums and archives in 60 they were trained. 64,629,547 archival items, primarily countries have contributed content to the manuscripts, in the Library’s collections. site. At the end of fiscal 2017, the website Access for the Blind and contained 16,561 items, comprising more Physically Handicapped than 904,675 images, in 138 languages. Bibliographic Framework In fiscal 2017, the National Library During the year, the site recorded more BIBFRAME is an initiative Initiative. Service for the Blind and Physically than 7.1 million visits. Total page views to develop a suitable replacement for the Handicapped (NLS) circulated more exceeded 31.1 million. cataloging metadata standard known as than 20 million copies of braille and MARC 21. BIBFRAME Pilot 2.0 began recorded books and magazines to about Noteworthy content added to the site June 1, 2017. In preparation, a training 470,000 reader accounts. NLS added from partner institutions included the plan was developed for approval, and over 17,000 books and magazines to its Codex Amiatinus, the oldest surviving copy a two-phase approach was chosen for Braille and Audio Reading Download of the Vulgate, from the Laurentian the training and implementation. The (BARD) service, bringing the total Library in Florence, Italy; Leonardo available titles to over 99,000. Patrons da Vinci’s Codex on the Flight of the Birds, downloaded 4,275,165 items from from the Royal Library in Turin, Italy; BARD in fiscal 2017. and, from the Newberry Library in Chicago, a hand-colored copy of During the fiscal year, NLS completed Hernán Cortés’ second letter reporting the production of 3,191 digital the conquest of Mexico City and a very audiobooks containing a total of nearly early transcription and translation into 3,500 titles. NLS also produced 331 Spanish of the Popol Vuh, the sacred titles in braille and 28 in print/braille. In book of the Mayan Quiché people. Judith Dixon reads from a braille copy of addition, NLS increased the accessibility “Harry Potter and the Sorceror’s Stone.” of more than 11,000 titles by converting At the Aug. 21 annual meeting of the Shawn Miller them from analog to digital formats. WDL Executive Council, Library

24 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS Bill of Rights, Lincoln’s draft of the Emancipation Proclamation. representatives informed the council of A Link to the Librarian of Congress’ intention to The National Archives and Records transition the Library’s role from WDL Presidents Past Administration, founded in 1934, project manager to content contributor oversees the papers of presidents and laid out options for how to proceed. beginning with Herbert Hoover. The Library acquired many of its priceless wdl.org The Library of Congress’ presidential collections before that time, via papers tell the American story in the purchase or donation. The federal The Library’s Website words of those who helped write it: government, for example, purchased and Social Media through war and peace, prosperity Washington’s papers from his great- The Library’s website, loc.gov, provides and hard times, from George nephew. Grant’s family donated Washington to Calvin Coolidge. his in three separate gifts, decades users with access to the institution’s after his death. William Howard Taft unparalleled resources, such as its online The Library currently is conducting a deposited his papers at the Library years-long project to digitize the nearly catalogs; selected collections in various before his death. formats; copyright, legal and legislative two dozen presidential collections in information; exhibitions; and videos and its holdings and place them online— In 1957, Congress passed legislation podcasts of events. In fiscal 2017, the an effort that, when completed, will directing the Library to arrange, index website recorded more than 74.7 million add more than 3 million images to its and microfilm the presidential papers for distribution to libraries around the visits and 388.7 million page views. online archives and give wider public access to some of the most important country—a massive project that was In fiscal 2017, the Library added 31 papers in U.S. history. completed 19 years later. newly digitized collections to loc.gov, In fiscal 2017, the Library placed With the dawn of the digital age, and nine existing digital collections the papers of Presidents Ulysses S. the presidential papers were among were significantly upgraded. The Grant, James K. Polk, Franklin Pierce the first manuscripts proposed for added or upgraded collections included and Millard Fillmore online. The digitization. The microfilm editions of the papers of Presidents Abraham Library also completed a major new the Washington, Jefferson, Madison Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, Franklin online presentation of the papers and Lincoln papers were digitized Pierce, Millard Fillmore and James K. of President Abraham Lincoln, and put online between 1998 and 2005. In 2010, the Manuscript Polk; historical Manuscript Division following a multiyear digitization Division began digitizing the collections such as the papers of effort at the Library. Those follow remaining collections of presidential Alexander Hamilton, Sigmund Freud the addition online in recent years of the papers of Presidents James papers—a project that’s ongoing. and Walt Whitman; and historical Monroe, Andrew Jackson, Martin newspapers from Japanese-American The final result will be a massive Van Buren, William Henry Harrison, internment camps during World War II. addition of material online: The John Tyler and Zachary Taylor. The William Howard Taft papers alone Library digitized and placed online In fiscal 2017, the Office of the Chief encompass more than 785,000 images the papers of George Washington, Information Officer collaborated with and the Woodrow Wilson papers Thomas Jefferson, James Madison nearly 620,000. the Congressional Research Service, and, in an initial iteration, Lincoln the Law Library and congressional more than a decade ago. staff and stakeholders to complete nine major releases of Congress.gov. Key In all, the Manuscript Division holds the papers of 23 presidents, from Washington through Coolidge— collections that include some The Library’s website, loc.gov, of the nation’s most important recorded more than documents: Jefferson’s rough draft of the Declaration of Independence, Madison’s notes on the proposed

74.7 million A letter from the Ulysses S. Grant papers. visits in fiscal 2017. Shawn Miller

COLLECTING, PRESERVING AND PROVIDING ACCESS TO KNOWLEDGE 25 milestones included the update of the site Ceremonial Office now is open to the to accommodate the 115th Congress in Making the public from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday January 2017; new capabilities for quick through Saturday, except on occasions and advanced searches and a query- Library More it’s needed for official business. builder tool; infrastructure improvements Accessible The Library, at Hayden’s direction, to enhance data timeliness and system also expanded the hours of the performance; and improvements to the Young Readers Center to include home page, alerts and saved searches, the The Library of Congress hosted Saturdays and hosted an outdoor and Congressional a series of pop-up displays in its film series on the Jefferson Building Record index and committee reports. Thomas Jefferson Building to grounds. LOC Summer Movies on showcase a wider variety of its vast the Lawn showcased modern classics The Library streamed videos of collections—one in a series of steps from the Library’s National Film concerts, lectures and other events on taken in fiscal 2017 to make America’s Registry, screened each Thursday YouTube and Facebook during each library and its treasures more evening from July 13 through Aug. month of the fiscal year. During fiscal accessible on-site. 17 on the grassy expanse outside the 2017, 27 events were live-streamed, In October 2016, Librarian of Congress Jefferson Building. including appearances by Rep. John Carla Hayden opened the Ceremonial The pop-up exhibitions showcased Lewis, author Marilynne Robinson, Office in the Jefferson Building to items from the Library’s collections U.S. Poet Laureate Juan Felipe Herrera, visitors, making the room regularly related to current events or actress Lynda Carter, authors on the available to visitors for the first time in something happening locally. In main stage and the building’s 119-year history. January 2017, the Library displayed new Poet Laureate Tracy K. Smith. The Ceremonial Office served as the items related to presidential everyday office for the Librarian of inaugurations for two weeks, timed During fiscal 2017, the Library made Congress from the opening of the to coincide with the inauguration of 589 videos available on YouTube, videos Jefferson Building in 1897 to 1980, President . that were liked 25,000 times and viewed when the working office was moved 3.7 million times. The Library also In June, the Pride in the Library to the sixth floor of the newly opened pop-up exhibition featured items made public 410 webcasts during the Madison Building. Since that time, from the Library’s extensive LGBTQ+ fiscal year, which were viewed 276,000 the office largely has been used for collections, in connection with D.C. times. The channel gained 16,000 ceremonial occasions—visits by kings, Pride Week. Another, Library of subscribers during the fiscal year. queens, presidents, heads of foreign Awesome, showcased items from the states, Members of Congress and Library’s comic-book collections in The Library’s podcast account features other dignitaries. conjunction with the June Awesome selected podcasts, historical films from The space, however, remained closed Con, the District of Columbia’s annual Library collections, as well as videos and to the public, except by permission. convention of comics, cosplay and audio recordings from collections and of That changed in October: The pop culture. events at the Library. On Sept. 7, 2017, Apple.com migrated the Library’s iTunes U collections to podcasts and converted the iTunes U site into two sites: an iTunes U site with Library courses and a podcast site with the newly migrated collections. During fiscal 2017, the Library added 188 files (91 made public) to iTunes podcasts. The account gained 13,000 new subscriptions, 115,000 new visitors and 171,000 consumptions. Since the account was launched in 2009,

A summer film series on the Jefferson Building lawn.Shawn Miller the Library has added 3,966 files, attracted 767,000 visitors and 213,000

26 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS Left: Conservator Jennifer Evers treats a photo album. Right: Items donated to the Veterans History Project by the family of World War II veteran John Warren Sloan. Shawn Miller subscriptions with a total consumption gained 337,000 followers and made account, featuring reposts from of 4.1 million files. 58.7 million impressions. Library blogs, the Library of Congress Magazine and the Gazette. In its first Photo enthusiasts continued to not only The Library’s Pinterest account six months, the Library added 39 posts access but also help identify Library features content from the Library’s and drew 33,000 followers. photos from the early 1900s through collections as well as events, National the photo-sharing project on Flickr. Book Festival posters and items from The Library’s Instagram account During the year, the Library added the Library’s Shop. During fiscal 2017, continued to share images from current over 2,500 photos to its Flickr account, the Library created three new boards events, concerts and exhibitions. The bringing the total to 29,855. Over the and gained 2,900 followers. To date, Instagram account added 13,000 new account’s lifetime, the Library has the account has 63 boards, 1,731 pins, followers for a total of 22,000 at the end of fiscal 2017. accumulated 69,000 followers and 277 14,600 followers and 20,500 saves. million image views. loc.gov The Library maintains 16 blogs that In addition to its main Facebook site, serve as vehicles for curators and blogs.loc.gov the Library offers Facebook pages for subject-matter experts to share their loc.gov/connect/ the Law Library, the American Folklife collection discoveries and to engage Center, Performing Arts, the National with users. During the fiscal year, the Library Service for the Blind and Library published 1,256 posts, which Physically Handicapped and new pages for the Veterans History Project and drew 2.3 million views. The Library the Library of Congress International on March 29 also launched a Medium Collections. During fiscal 2017, the Library posted 3,092 times on those pages, gained 44,000 followers, received 400,000 likes and earned 75 million impressions. Library Facebook accounts have a total of 471,000 followers, and posts have received a combined 251 million lifetime impressions.

At the end of the fiscal year, the Library maintained 11 public-facing and two Congressional Research Service-protected accounts on . The public-facing accounts issued 10,448 tweets during the fiscal year, gaining 142,000 retweets and 6,000 replies. The public accounts also Senior Library officials gather with directors of the Library’s foreign offices.Shawn Miller

COLLECTING, PRESERVING AND PROVIDING ACCESS TO KNOWLEDGE 27 Promoting Creativity, Scholarship and Lifelong LEARNING

PROMOTING CREATIVITY A department of the Library of Congress, the U.S. Copyright Office effectively administers the U.S. copyright law, which the Supreme Court has called the “engine of free expression.” Rooted in the U.S. Constitution, the copyright law is designed to promote, protect and disseminate works of authorship. The Library also promotes creativity and cultural literacy through its many public programs throughout the year.

“Rent” cast members examine original items from the collection of the show’s creator, Jonathan Larson. Shawn Miller

28 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS Public Programs Exhibitions. A major new exhibition, During the year, the Library presented Echoes of the Great War: American hundreds of public programs that Experiences of World War I, examined the promoted creativity, scholarship and upheaval of world war as Americans lifelong learning. Below is a selected confronted it, both at home and abroad. list. Webcasts of many of these events Other exhibitions explored the art of can be viewed on the Library’s website. courtroom illustration and the music of baseball. (See Appendix C, Exhibitions.) loc.gov/loc/events/ loc.gov/exhibits/ loc.gov/webcasts/ Luthier John Montgomery inspects a cello made Film Screenings. The Library’s by master Antonio Stradivari. Shawn Miller Concerts. Since 1925, the Library’s Packard Campus Theater continued its Coolidge Auditorium has provided a popular film screenings that showcase at the Madison Building’s Pickford venue for world-class performers and the film, television, radio and recorded Theater. The sixth annual “Mostly world premieres of commissioned sound collections of the Library of Lost” film-identification workshop, held works. In fiscal 2017, the Music Congress. The Art Deco-style theater is in June, was attended by more than 190 Division’s Concert Office presented one of only five venues in the country archivists, scholars and silent-film buffs a series of 64 performances, lectures, equipped to show original classic film from across the U.S. and Europe. interviews, displays and film screenings prints on nitrate film stock as they that encompassed chamber music, jazz, would have been screened in theaters pop, early music and American musical before 1950. The theater also features Lectures, Symposia, Poetry theater. Highlights included an evening a custom-made organ that provides Readings. The selected events of Japanese comic “Kyogen” plays, a live musical accompaniment for silent highlighted below are a sampling of the centennial tribute to Ella Fitzgerald, movies to enhance the cinematic many programs hosted by the Library the world premieres of two works experience. During fiscal 2017, the during the fiscal year. Packard Campus presented 123 public commissioned through the Library’s events in its 205-seat theater, including In June, the African and Middle Dina Koston and Roger Shapiro Fund the screening of 203 films representing Eastern Division co-sponsored with for New Music and the premiere of a more than 100 years of motion-picture the American Alumni of the Al-Burz new Library of Congress commission history. More than 10,800 people School in Tehran a major symposium, by saxophonist Steve Coleman. The attended those screenings. In addition, From Oxus to Euphrates: the Sasanian Concerts from the Library of Congress staff of the Moving Image Research Empire. Rep. Jamie Raskin delivered series brought an audience of more Center organized 14 film screenings opening remarks. than 12,000 patrons to the Library. The Concert Office also developed “Bibliodiscotheque,” an exploration of disco culture, music, dance and fashion highlighted by a performance by disco icon Gloria Gaynor in the Jefferson Building’s Great Hall. The Concerts from the Library of Congress Radio Series continued to air around the U.S., and the digital distribution of performances of Library commissions and world premieres continued via Q2, the online contemporary music channel of classical music radio station WQXR.

loc.gov/concerts/ Disco queen Gloria Gaynor performs in the Great Hall of the Jefferson Building. Shawn Miller

PROMOTING CREATIVITY, SCHOLARSHIP AND LIFELONG LEARNING 29 Great War resources and programming. Beginning in May and running through America’s Library Another exhibition, World War I: the end of the fiscal year, the Library American Artists View the Great hosted more than a dozen lectures on Commemorates War, opened in May and focused on related topics. In June, the Law Library the Great War the American artistic response to the of Congress and Manuscript Division war, via posters, political cartoons, presented Resistance and Rights: illustrations, prints, documentary Civil Liberties during World War I, The Library of Congress marked the photographs and fine-art photographs. a discussion among legal scholars of centennial of U.S. entry into World War challenges to civil liberties during the In May, VHP launched a web exhibition I with a series of exhibitions, lectures, war. The Geography and Map Division that complemented Echoes of the webinars, film screenings and web and the Philip Lee Phillips Map Society Great War. The three-part web exhibit, features during fiscal 2017. in May offered Mapping the Great Experiencing War, told the larger story War, a program featuring two lectures Echoes of The Library in April opened of the war from the perspective of about World War I maps. the Great War: American Experiences those who served in it, using material of World War I, a major exhibition that drawn from VHP collections. The Library also produced educational told the stories of Americans in the war, resources for teachers and the public. through film, music, correspondence, Also in May, the Library’s Publishing The Educational Outreach office recorded sound, diaries, posters, Office releasedAmerica and the Great released WWI: What Are We Fighting photographs, scrapbooks, medals, War: A Library of Congress Illustrated for Over There, primary-source lesson maps and materials from the Veterans History, published in association plans that let students explore the History Project (VHP). with Bloomsbury Press. The book, by debate about entering the war. The Margaret E. Wagner, chronicles the U.S. Library also launched a free, five-part That exhibition served as the in neutrality and in conflict, presents webinar series highlighting some of its centerpiece of Library commemorations. events and arguments, political and most remarkable World War I resources, In February, the Library launched a military battles, bitter tragedies and including documents, photographs, World War I web portal, providing epic achievements that marked U.S. maps and personal stories collected comprehensive access to the Library’s involvement in the first modern war. through the Veterans History Project.

A visitor explores the “Echoes of the Great War” exhibition. Shawn Miller

30 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS The American Folklife Center (AFC) highlights included two work-a- the Law Library on June 21. To mark produced 14 events in its Benjamin thons that brought former scholars Constitution Day, the Law Library Botkin Folklife Lecture Series and 10 back to work in the collections and on Sept. 12 hosted constitutional law performances in its Homegrown concert present their findings; a full-day professor Michael J. Klarman for a series. Highlights included talks about astrobiology symposium on synthetic discussion of his book, The Framers’ Coup: digital repatriation of Haitian materials biology; a lecture, co-sponsored by the The Making of the United States Constitution. in the AFC Archive and an appearance Embassy of Spain, titled Early Modern by author and musician Billy Bragg, Globalization Through a Jesuit Prism; and National and International Outreach’s which brought a capacity crowd to The Societal Implications of Astrobiology: National Digital Initiatives (NDI) the Mumford Room and reached over Research from the Library of Congress, a hosted Collections as Data: Impact, a 4,500 viewers via livestream. program featuring two former Kluge summit that featured case studies of chairs in astrobiology, Nathaniel applying digital methods to analyzing The European Division sponsored Comfort and David Grinspoon. In and sharing collections that drew 450 or co-sponsored 20 public events, addition, the center hosted two private participants and about 3,500 livestream including programs about Mother seminars with outside scholars: The views. NDI also hosted a Hack-to- Teresa, Václav Havel, Venice, Russian Congress and History conference and the Learn workshop that helped attendees literary treasures, the Holocaust, Marco On Native Grounds seminar. explore Library collections as data sets Polo, the First World War and the as well as a Software Carpentry event restoration of violins once played by The on that provided Library staff and area Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Dec. 9 celebrated Human Rights Day professionals with hands-on learning in with a panel discussion on human the Python programming language. The Federal Library and Information rights in Eastern Europe. On Feb. 21, Network (FEDLINK) held two the Law Library commemorated the The Poetry and Literature Center expositions. The 2016 fall expo, 500th anniversary of the founding offered numerous poetry readings Federal Libraries: A World of Knowledge, of the Jewish Ghetto of Venice and literary events during the year. featured keynote sessions on adapting with Understanding Seclusion: The Legal Highlights included the inaugural to changing technology trends in digital Dimensions of the Ghetto, a program reading by new Poet Laureate content and a discussion about future exploring the early history of the Consultant in Poetry Tracy K. Smith strategies for the Library of Congress. segregated Jewish community in on Sept. 13 and Fiction, Faith, and the In spring 2017, FEDLINK presented Venice and showcasing rare books and Imagination, a program celebrating the Transforming Federal Libraries, an expo documents from Library collections work of 2016 Library of Congress exploring the ways in which federal related to the ghetto. The program American Fiction prize winner Library professionals were reinventing was sponsored by the Law Library Marilynne Robinson. their roles and exploring new teams, in collaboration with the Embassy new workflows and new responsibilities. of Italy. The Law Library and Prints The Rare Book and Special Collections and Photographs Division on April 27 Division in September hosted nearly The John W. Kluge Center hosted hosted a Law Day event that explored 125 attendees of the Congress of 34 public events that drew more than the experiences of illustrators in a The Association Internationale de 2,700 attendees, including Members courtroom setting. On June 8, the Law of Congress, congressional staffers, Library and the Manuscript Division ambassadors, university faculty and presented Resistance and Rights: Civil staff and representatives of popular Liberties and World War I, a symposium The Kluge Center hosted media outlets, local think tanks and of scholars discussing civil liberties nongovernmental organizations. On during the Great War. Supreme Court 34 public events May 18, Secretary of Transportation Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg that drew Members of and Netflix CEO Reed was a member of a distinguished group Congress, congressional Hastings participated in the third of academics, attorneys, jurists and annual Daniel K. Inouye Distinguished to appear in Justice for Shylock: staffers, ambassadors, Lecture, focused on the need for a A Mock Appeal Commemorating the 500th academics and others. spirit of service and idealism. Other Anniversary of the Venice Ghetto, staged by

PROMOTING CREATIVITY, SCHOLARSHIP AND LIFELONG LEARNING 31 Bibliophilie, a prestigious, international The fall open house on the Columbus section of experts from government, group of rare book collectors and Day holiday drew more than 4,934 private industry and civil society and members of the antiquarian trade— visitors to the Main Reading Room. The to participate in panel discussions perhaps the most important group of Library’s Packard Campus in Culpeper, focusing on international copyright its kind. The division also staged open Virginia, on that day also held its first harmonization and copyright law. The house exhibitions on ABC books and open house, marking the first time that office also educates the public at events women book artists. tours of the facility were made available such as the National Book Festival and to the general public. The winter open the American Library Association’s The Science, Technology and Business house at the Main Reading Room, held annual conference and exhibition, Division lecture series presented on the Feb. 20 Presidents Day holiday, hosting a booth where staff members programs about space exploration, public drew 4,318 visitors. answer questions about the office, health and data analysis and sharing. copyright in general and other topics. The Young Readers Center presented U.S. Copyright Office Programs. a series of collaborations with The U.S. Copyright Office engages in extensive outreach and promotes PROMOTING SCHOLARSHIP Everybody Wins DC that brought The Library is a catalyst for promoting understanding and knowledge of prominent persons to the center to scholarship through the John W. read to children from local schools. copyright through a number of initiatives. Since 2012, the Copyright Kluge Center and the American Participants included Supreme Court Folklife Center, which offer fellowship Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Office has held 17 events through its “Copyright Matters” lecture series, opportunities in various disciplines civil rights icon Rep. John Lewis and during which a number of external and publications that showcase the journalist Cokie Roberts. speakers—from lawmakers to artists Library’s unparalleled collections. and performers to legal experts— Open Houses. Twice each year, the discuss copyright-related topics. The John W. Kluge Center Library of Congress opens its Main Copyright Matters events are open The John W. Kluge Center was Reading Room for a special public open to the public and often attended by established in 2000 with a gift of $60 house. Each event draws thousands of congressional staff and those employed million from the late John W. Kluge, visitors wishing to view the Library’s in copyright-related fields. Metromedia president and founding architecture, tour its exhibitions and chair of the James Madison Council learn how to access its vast collections. In addition to revolving topics, the Copyright Office conducts a Copyright (the Library’s private-sector advisory Matters event focusing on World group). The center’s goal is to bring Intellectual Property Day. On April the world’s scholars to the Library 26, the Copyright Office hosted of Congress to use the institution’s Innovation—Improving Lives, a program vast resources and interact with held in recognition of World Intellectual policymakers in Washington. Property Day. The discussion focused on the impact of creative works and During the year, the Kluge Center performances on the lives of both welcomed and supported 85 scholars creators and the public. in residence. The scholars included 13 senior chairs, 61 post-doctoral The Copyright Office also works and Ph.D. candidates and 11 seminar with officials throughout the world faculty. The center also welcomed 26 and participates in larger external research interns and hosted more than Edward Ayers of the events. The Copyright Office holds a 100 additional scholars, who took part University of Richmond biannual conference, the International in public events and private seminars speaks at a Collections as Copyright Institute, that brings Data symposium. co-hosted with partner organizations. Shawn Miller officials from developing countries to Washington, D.C., to hear from a cross loc.gov/kluge/

32 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS Visitors explore the Main Reading Room during an open house. Shawn Miller

American Folklife Center loc.gov/publish/ a Gerald E. and Corinne L. Parsons The American Folklife Center was loc.gov/shop/ Fund Award. A Blanton Owen Fund created in 1976 by Congress to “preserve Award was granted to Dana David and present American folklife.” As the Library-appointed Scholars Gravot, a visiting scholar at the Center national center for folklife scholarship, and Fellows for Louisiana Studies, University of the center is responsible for research, American Folklife Center. In fiscal Louisiana, Lafayette. documentation, archival presentation, 2017, the American Folklife Center reference service, live performances, announced fellowships to six individual ex-hibitions, publications and training. researchers or research teams. The Copyright Office Special Programs. During the year, the center continued recipients of Archie Green Fellowships The U.S. Copyright Office hosted to collect and document living were Clare Luz of Michigan State fellows under the Abraham L. traditional culture, while preserving for University; Jess Lamar Reece Holler, Kaminstein Scholar in Residence the future its unparalleled collections an independent Ohio-based folklorist; Program and the Barbara A. Ringer in the state-of-the-art preservation Christopher Sims, a documentarian Copyright Honors Program. The facilities of the Library of Congress. from Efland, North Carolina; and Kim Kaminstein program brings leading One of the center’s major initiatives Stryker, an independent folklorist from academics with a demonstrated is the Veterans History Project, which Falls Church, Virginia. Peter Szok of commitment to the study of copyright was established by Congress in 2000 to Texas Christian University received law and policy to the Copyright Office preserve the memories and artifacts of the nation’s war veterans.

loc.gov/folklife/

Publications Each year, the Library publishes books, calendars and other printed products featuring its vast content. Library publications in print can be purchased in bookstores nationwide and from the Library Shop. Among the titles published in 2017 were America and the Great War: A Library of Congress Illustrated History by Margaret E. Wagner—the companion volume to the World War I exhibition that opened at the Library in Ann Compton (left) moderates a discussion with Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao and April. (See Appendix D, Publications.) Netflix CEO Reed Hastings.Shawn Miller

PROMOTING CREATIVITY, SCHOLARSHIP AND LIFELONG LEARNING 33 scholars, students, teachers and the general public.

The 2017 program was made possible through the generosity of the late Mrs. Jefferson Patterson and the Knowledge Navigators Trust Fund. A lead gift from H. F. (Gerry) Lenfest, former chairman of the Library’s James Madison Council private-sector advisory group, established the Knowledge Navigators Trust Fund with major support provided by members of the council. Jayme Stone’s Folklife performs at a Homegrown concert series event. Shawn Miller

to research and work on mutually 900 applicants to participate in the John W. Kluge Center Scholars. beneficial projects. The Kaminstein Library’s 2017 Junior Fellows Summer Founded in 2000, the Kluge Center scholar in residence for 2016–17 was Intern Program. During the 10-week attracts some of the world’s brightest Steven R. Wilf of the University of paid internship (May 30–Aug. 4), minds to the Library of Congress, Connecticut School of Law. Through the interns inventoried, cataloged, where they pursue humanities the Ringer program, developing lawyers arranged, preserved and researched and social-science research. Kluge who demonstrate exceptional ability backlog collection materials in many fellowship recipients, all of whom have and interest in copyright law have the different formats in various divisions. received terminal advanced degrees opportunity to work closely with senior They presented a display of rare within the past seven years, spend Copyright Office legal staff on domestic and unique items at the end of their four to 11 months at the John W. Kluge Center in the Library’s Thomas and international law and policy projects. tenure. The focus of the program is Jefferson Building. The Ringer fellows for 2017–19 are on increasing access to the Library’s Sarah Gersten and Emma Kleiner. collections and raising awareness In fiscal 2017, the following scholars of the Library’s digital preservation served as Distinguished Chairs or Junior Fellows. A panel of Library programs by making them better- Distinguished Visiting Scholars: curators and specialists selected 37 known and accessible to Members of Sarah Barringer Gordon, Cary and college students from more than Congress and researchers, including Ann Maguire Chair in Ethics and American History; Joanne Braxton, David B. Larson Fellow in Health and Spirituality; Lauren MacDonald, Kislak Fellow in American Studies; Catherine Newell, David B. Larson Fellow in Health and Spirituality; Mae Ngai, Kluge Chair in Countries and Cultures of the North; and Lucianne Walkowicz, NASA/LC Chair in Astrobiology.

Koussevitzky Commissions. The Serge Koussevitzky Music Foundation in the Library of Congress awarded commissions for new musical works to five composers. The commissions are granted jointly by the foundation Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden talks with junior fellow summer interns. Shawn Miller and the organizations that will present

34 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS performances of the newly composed works. Award winners and the groups American Pie, Don McLean (1971) co-sponsoring their commissions are National Recording All Things Considered, first broadcast Zosha Di Castri and International Registry (May 3, 1971) Contemporary Ensemble; David The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and Fulmer and Spektral Quartet; (2016 Additions) the Spiders from Mars, David Bowie Felipe Lara and Ensemble Modern; (1972) Alexandre Lunsqui and New York New The 1888 cylinder recordings The Wiz, original cast album (1975) Music Ensemble; and Amy Williams of Col. George Gouraud (1888) and JACK Quartet. Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975), Lift Every Voice and Sing, Manhattan Eagles (1976) Harmony Four (1923); Melba Moore National Ambassador for Young and Friends (1990) Scott Joplin’s Treemonisha, Gunter Schuller, arr. (1976) People’s Literature. Printz Award Puttin’ on the Ritz, Harry Richman (1929) winner and two-time National Book Wanted: Live in Concert, Richard Over the Rainbow, Judy Garland (1939) Award finalist Gene Luen Yang Pryor (1978) continued to serve as the fifth National I’ll Fly Away, The Chuck Wagon Gang We Are Family, Sister Sledge (1979) Ambassador for Young People’s (1948) Remain in Light, Talking Heads (1980) Literature. The National Ambassador Hound Dog, Big Mama Thornton (1953) position was created in 2008 by the Straight Outta Compton, N.W.A (1988) Saxophone Colossus Library of Congress, the Children’s , Sonny Rollins (1956) Rachmaninoff’s Vespers (All-Night Vigil), Book Council and Every Child a Reader Robert Shaw Festival Singers (1990) to raise awareness of the importance Brooklyn Dodgers vs. New York Giants of young people’s literature as it relates at the Polo Grounds, announced by Signatures, Renée Fleming (1997) Vin Scully (Sept. 8, 1957) to lifelong literacy, education and the development and betterment of the lives Gunfighter Ballads and Trail Songs, of young people. Marty Robbins (1959) The Incredible Jazz Guitar of Wes Montgomery, Wes Montgomery (1960) National Digital Stewardship Residency. The National Digital People, (1964) Stewardship Residency is a Library In the Midnight Hour, Wilson Pickett interagency agreement with the (1965) Institute of Museum and Library Amazing Grace Services to provide a unique , Judy Collins (1970) opportunity for recent graduates David Bowie’s “The Rise and Fall of Ziggy to apply their digital stewardship Stardust and the Spiders From Mars.” knowledge in a hands-on environment and to help host institutions with digital assets address challenges related Poet Laureate. Tracy K. Smith winner of the 2006 James Laughlin to digital stewardship. This year, the was appointed the Library’s 22nd Award and the 2008 Essence Literary program graduated its third cohort of Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry Award; and The Body’s Question, winner residents and established a residency to for 2017-2018. Smith, a Pulitzer of the Cave Canem Poetry Prize. support the Georgian Papers Program. Prize-winning poet and a professor Smith also is the author of a memoir, The collaboration has directly at , succeeded Ordinary Light, a finalist for the 2015 benefited 17 external partners, and all Juan Felipe Herrera as laureate. She National Book Award. Smith earned 20 graduates of the program have gone is the author of three books of poetry, a B.A. in English and American onto jobs relevant to the work they including Life on Mars, winner of the literature and Afro-American studies performed during their residencies. 2012 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry; Duende, from Harvard University and an

PROMOTING CREATIVITY, SCHOLARSHIP AND LIFELONG LEARNING 35 to help teachers and school librarians Center for the Book incorporate the Library’s digitized The Library’s Center for the Book primary sources into the classroom. was established by Congress in Each Teacher-in-Residence undertakes 1977 to “stimulate public interest a project to benefit his or her home in books and reading.” A public- school or district to be implemented private partnership, the center during the following academic year. sponsors educational programs that reach readers of all ages through its During fiscal 2017, the Library affiliated state centers, collaborations hosted its first kindergarten Teacher- with nonprofit reading promotion in-Residence, Teresa St. Angelo of partners and through the Young . She authored or co- Readers Center and Poetry and authored several articles for education Literature Center at the Library of publications, wrote blog posts, Congress. The center also maintains presented at conferences and partnered and updates the Library’s literacy- U.S. Poet Laureate Tracy K. Smith. with the Library’s Young Readers promotion website, Read.gov, and Shawn Miller Center on multiple initiatives, including manages the authors’ program for the a special Saturday workshop for National Book Festival. M.F.A. in creative writing from teachers of students in grades pre-K–3. Columbia University. Her efforts enabled the development In collaboration with the Children’s of more materials and strategies for Book Council (CBC) and the CBC Swann Fellows. The Caroline teaching with primary sources in the Foundation, and with support from and Erwin Swann Foundation for younger grades and helped build and publishers, the center sponsors the Caricature and Cartoon, administered strengthen partnerships with other National Ambassador for Young by the Library of Congress, provides divisions in the Library. People’s Literature. Gene Luen Yang fellowships for research in the Library’s was inaugurated to the two-year position on Jan. 4, 2016, that continues collections. Two doctoral candidates Witter Bynner Fellowships. through January 2018. were awarded Swann Fellowships The 2017 Witter Bynner poetry to pursue their research for the fellowship was awarded to Ray For the fifth year, the Center for academic year 2016–17. Kathryn Gonzalez, the author of 15 books of the Book administered the Library Desplanque of the Department of poetry. Those books include Beautiful of Congress Literacy Awards, an Art, Art History and Visual Studies Wall, Cool Auditor: Prose Poems and initiative originated and supported by at Duke University, employed social Consideration of the Guitar: New and Selected philanthropist David M. Rubenstein. and cultural approaches in researching Poems. The Witter Bynner Fellowship French caricature in her dissertation supports the writing of poetry. The awards recognize and support Art, Commerce, and Caricature: Satirical organizations and institutions in the loc.gov/hr/employment Images of Artistic Life in Paris, 1750-1850. United States and abroad that have Elizabeth Nijdam of the Department made significant contributions to PROMOTING of German Languages and Literature combating illiteracy. at the University of Michigan, LIFELONG LEARNING In addition to its fellowships, research investigated the impact of unification During the year, the center reprised services and collections access, the on German comics in her dissertation its national signature project—Letters Library of Congress promotes lifelong Shadows Cast: German Comics after 1989 About Literature—which inspires learning and literacy through its Center and the Legacy of East German Practice. young people to write about how books for the Book and K–12 educational have changed their lives. outreach efforts, which assist the Teacher-in-Residence. The Library nation’s teachers in engaging students The Poetry and Literature Center, of Congress recruits educators to work through the use of primary sources in which fosters and enhances the public’s with its Educational Outreach Team the classroom. appreciation of literature, is the home

36 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS of the Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry. Juan Felipe Herrera, the Point Blank (1967) Library’s first Hispanic poet laureate, National Film The Princess Bride (1987) completed his second term in April 2017. He has been one of the most Registry Putney Swope (1969) active laureates in the history of the (2016 Additions) Rushmore (1998) position, with two first-term projects Solomon Sir Jones films (1924-28) and three second-term projects. In September 2016, Herrera launched The Atomic Cafe (1982) Steamboat Bill, Jr. (1928) an online project, “The Technicolor Ball of Fire (1941) Suzanne, Suzanne (1982) Adventures of Catalina Neon”—a The Beau Brummels Thelma & Louise (1991) bilingual illustrated poem created by (1928) Herrera and artist Juana Medina. The Birds (1963) 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1916)

Herrera was succeeded in September Blackboard Jungle (1955) A Walk in (1945) 2017 by Tracy K. Smith, the 22nd Poet Who Framed Roger Rabbit Laureate Consultant in Poetry. The Breakfast Club (1985) (1988) The Decline of Western Civilization Read.gov (1981) loc.gov/poetry/ East of Eden (1955) Educational Outreach Funny Girl (1968) The Library’s Educational Outreach Life of an American Fireman (1903) team in National and International Outreach provides K–12 educators The Lion King (1994) across the country with high-quality Lost Horizon (1937) professional-development programs The Musketeers of Pig Alley (1912) and online classroom materials. These opportunities and tools help them Paris Is Burning (1990) effectively use primary sources from “The Princess Bride.” the Library’s vast digital collections in their teaching. The Teachers Page, the Library’s web-based resource for teachers, includes lesson plans that On Oct. 25 and 26, the Educational Through its Teaching with Primary meet curriculum standards. In fiscal Outreach staff offered its second Sources program (TPS) the Library is 2017, the site recorded more than 5 online conference for educators. The providing educators with methods and million visits. event brought together more than 715 materials that build student literacy educators from around the world for skills, content knowledge and critical- Educational Outreach offered five instruction on using primary sources thinking abilities. During the year, the weeklong Summer Teacher Institutes in the classroom, and thousands more TPS program served more than 15,137 at the Library of Congress. Educators watched recordings of the sessions on teachers in 175 congressional districts. from diverse educational settings— library/media specialists, classroom the Library’s website. The Educational Many of these received instruction teachers, school administrators and Outreach program also completed through the TPS Consortium, curriculum developers—took part. From its six-year collaboration with PBS composed of the Library’s partner more than 300 who applied, 131 were TeacherLine, a provider of high-quality institutions across the country. During selected and completed the institute online professional development, fiscal 2017, the TPS Teachers Network requirements. The 131 represented reaching 585 teachers nationally website, a professional networking site 28 states, the District of Columbia, through a 45-hour online course titled for educators interested in using Library America Samoa and two foreign Teaching with Primary Sources from the of Congress primary sources more countries (Switzerland and Jordan). Library of Congress. effectively in their classrooms, continued

PROMOTING CREATIVITY, SCHOLARSHIP AND LIFELONG LEARNING 37 employees to explore the institution’s . Contributors were Thomas V. Library of Congress mission with visitors. In 2017, the Girardi, Beverly and Lyman Hamilton, Library reimagined the pavilion as LC The Junior League of Washington, National Book Town Square and Main Street—an the National Endowment for the Festival expansion of festival programming Humanities and Scholastic Inc. In the about the Library. The Town Square Friends category were Booklovers stage showcased presentations and Circle members, Candlewick Press, the interactive sessions with Library curators Tens of thousands of book lovers Marshall B. Coyne Foundation Inc., and subject-matter experts. Main Street spent a rainy, chilly day inside the Democracy Fund, Joseph and Lynn was lined with booths staffed by Library Walter E. Washington Convention Deutsch, the Embassy of Ireland, the divisions and service units, offering Center on Sept. 2, 2017, listening Embassy of Sweden, the Hay-Adams, visitors a place to learn about the to 100-plus authors and celebrating the J.J. Medveckis Foundation, institution’s collections and services. books of all kinds—from blockbusters Mensa Foundation, the Mexican and debut novels to stories about the The festival was made possible Cultural Institute, Timothy and Diane American experience told through through the support of private- and Naughton, Reading Is Fundamental, different lenses. public-sector sponsors who share the the Nora Roberts Foundation, Patricia Library’s commitment to reading and Glass Schuman and Vincent Civello, The festival’s main stage opened literacy, led by National Book Festival Small Press Expo, Split This Rock and with an appearance by two-time co-Chair David M. Rubenstein. the Historical Association. Pulitzer Prize-winning historian David Media Partners included C-SPAN2’s Truman, John Charter Sponsors were the Institute of McCullough, author of Book TV, NPR and PBS Book View Adams and his latest volume, The Museum and Library Services, the James Now. Artist Roz Chast designed the American Spirit: Who We Are and Madison Council, The Washington festival poster. What We Stand For. Post and Wells Fargo. The National Endowment for the Arts was a Patron Loc.gov/bookfest Following McCullough over nine-plus hours on 10 different stages were, among others, former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, best-selling thriller masters David Baldacci and Scott Turow, author Margot Lee Shetterly and Hillbilly Elegy author J.D. Vance. The festival produced another highlight: the return of A Lesson Before Dying author Ernest Gaines, who introduced The Tragedy of Brady Sims—his first new work since 1993.

That morning, the Library also posthumously awarded its Prize for American Fiction to Tree of Smoke author , who had passed away three months earlier.

In previous years, the LOC Pavilion had served as a special showcase for the festival’s host—a place for Library

Historian David McCullough (left) talks with festival co-chair David M. Rubenstein. Shawn Miller

38 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS Left: Cokie Roberts reads to children in the Young Readers Center. Right: Svetlana Kotliarova of the National Institutes of Health talks with students about STEM education. Shawn Miller to grow in popularity and use. By the History Day. TPS continued publishing U.S. Copyright Office end of the fiscal year, more than 5,698 regular features in the National Science The Copyright Office also engages educators were enrolled on the site. Teachers Association journal The in extensive outreach through the Science Teacher, the National Council nation’s educational systems. The Educational Outreach continued for the Social Studies journal Social office’s outreach program visits to address the needs of the growing Education, and the National Association elementary, middle and high schools tablet-based educational community for Music Education’s Music Educators to talk about copyright basics and the by launching an additional set of four Journal. All totaled, 21 original articles Copyright Office itself. Staff educate free educational e-books, the Student were contributed to publications whose students about what is protected under Discovery Sets. These interactive e-books combined readership is more than allow students to analyze and explore 300,000 educators. copyright law, facilitate discussions primary sources from the Library’s about recent copyright-related court collections. The Library’s teacher The Young Readers Center joined cases and encourage students to share e-books have been downloaded more the Library’s Educational Outreach their own creative works. Office than 102,000 times to date. division in fiscal 2017. The center, attorneys often participate in law school located in the Thomas Jefferson events, including by teaching classes on From print journals to social media, Building, continued to grow in copyright and acting as guest presenters the Library sought to connect with popularity, with new programs and and panelists for classes and student educators around the nation. The activities for children and families associations. Staff members also give number of followers on the Library’s that attracted more than 55,000 presentations on copyright to artists, Twitter account for the Library’s visitors during the year. K–12 audience, @TeachingLC, writers, and other creators at libraries grew to 29,000—up from 20,000 the loc.gov/teachers/ and group meetings. previous year. The account’s followers include teachers, librarians, authors, educational organizations, thought leaders and Members of Congress.

The team also published 105 posts on its Teaching with the Library of Congress blog, to promote practical strategies for the effective use of the Library’s online collections and highlight items from the collections that are especially well-suited for classroom use.

Educational Outreach continued to build Library-centered teacher resources, publishing a new primary- source set and a set of resources for the 50,000 participants in National Rep. Doug Collins (R-Ga.) speaks at a World Intellectual Property Day event. Shawn Miller

PROMOTING CREATIVITY, SCHOLARSHIP AND LIFELONG LEARNING 39 Celebrating ACHIEVEMENT

Throughout the year, the Library of Congress celebrates the achievements of the nation’s creative and scholarly communities. The Library also recognizes the accomplishments of its staff members.

Smokey Robinson (center) performs at his Gershwin Prize tribute alongside JoJo, Aloe Blacc, Kip Moore, Samuel L. Jackson, CeeLo Green and BeBe Winans. Shawn Miller

40 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS CELEBRATING ACHIEVEMENT 41 Left: Letters About Literature participant Claire Juip speaks with author R.J. Palacio at the National Book Festival. Shawn Miller Right: “A Book That Shaped Me” grand prize winner Suzahn Vollstad reads her essay at the National Book Festival. David Rice

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS A Book That Shaped Me Summer Letters About Literature. More PRIZES AND AWARDS Writing Contest. The Library’s A than 43,700 young readers from The Library of Congress sponsors Book That Shaped Me summer writing across the country participated in the privately endowed programs that contest, part of the Library’s National 2016–2017 Letters About Literature honor achievement in the humanities. Book Festival, asks rising fifth- and competition, sponsored by the Through these awards and prizes, the sixth-graders to reflect on a book that Library’s Center for the Book. Open world’s greatest repository of human has made an impact on their lives. to students in grades four through 12, creativity honors those who have Launched in 2012 with the D.C. Public the competition challenged young advanced and embodied the ideals of Library, the con test expanded to people to write letters to their favorite individuality, conviction, dedication, include public librar ies in Maryland, authors explaining how their works scholarship and lifelong learning. Some Virginia, Delaware, Pennsylvania and changed their lives. The top letters in of these awards are open to students in West Virginia. Local libraries offered each competition level for each state grades four through 12. the contest as part of their summer were chosen. Then, national winners reading programs. The winners were and runners-up were chosen from each loc.gov/about/awards-and-honors/ of the three competition levels: Level 1 (grades four through six), Level 2 First Place Grand Prize and Library of Congress Prize for Virginia State Winner (grades seven and eight) and Level 3 American Fiction. Denis Johnson Suzahn Vollstad, Prince William Public (grades nine and 10). The following was posthumously awarded the Library Library, who wrote about A Dog’s Purpose: are the national winners in the three of Congress Prize for American A Novel for Humans by W. Bruce Cameron. competition levels: Fiction during the 2017 Library of Congress National Book Festival on Level 1—Claire Juip of Grosse Pointe, Sept. 2. The prize honors an American Second Place Grand Prize Winner Michigan, wrote to R.J. Palacio, author literary writer whose body of work is Isla Rodriguez, Richmond Public of Wonder. distinguished not only for its mastery Library–Ginter Park Library, of the art but also for its originality who wrote about Hidden Figures by Level 2—Maria Cheriyan of of thought and imagination. Johnson is Margot Lee Shetterly. Farmington Hills, Michigan, wrote to the author of the critically acclaimed Ruta Sepetys, author of Salt to the Sea. collection of short stories Jesus’ Son Third Place Grand Prize and Level 3—Apoorva Chauhan of Las and the novel Tree of Smoke. He died Pennsylvania State Winner Vegas, Nevada, wrote to Stephen of cancer on May 24, shortly before Megan S. Garrabrant, Bucks County Chbosky, author of The Perks of Being the award was announced. The prize Free Library System–Langhorne a Wallflower. was accepted for Johnson by his agent, Branch, who wrote about Courage to Soar Nicole Aragi, at the book festival. by Simone Biles. Read.gov/letters/

42 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS Samuel L. Jackson served as Committee on the Library. Hayden master of ceremonies for an evening bestowed the prize on Robinson, who Gershwin Prize that featured Aloe Blacc, Gallant, then performed a brief set of his own: for Popular Song CeeLo Green, JoJo, Ledisi, Tegan Being With You, the Gershwins’ Our Marie, Kip Moore, Corinne Bailey Rae, Love is Here to Stay and the all-cast Esperanza Spalding, The Tenors and finale, My Girl. BeBe Winans performing some of The Library of Congress Gershwin Prize Robinson’s greatest hits. The show was a co-production of WETA Washington, D.C.; Bounce, a for Popular Song honors living musical The show also featured an appearance artists whose lifetime contributions in by founder Berry Gordy, division of AEG; and the Library of the field of popular song exemplify the who had made Robinson’s group, the Congress. The executive producers of standard of excellence associated with Miracles, one of the first acts he signed. the program were Dalton Delan, Carla George and Ira Gershwin. Shop Around was the label’s first million- Hayden and Michael Strunsky. In 2016, the Library awarded the prize seller. Together, Gordy and Robinson Major funding for Smokey Robinson: to Smokey Robinson, the R&B icon made musical history at Motown, an The Library of Congress Gershwin Prize who, in a career spanning more than 50 African-American-owned label that for Popular Song was provided by the years, helped lead the Motown-sound made records written, produced and revolution and integrate popular music. performed by African-Americans and Corporation for Public Broadcasting, At Motown, Robinson wrote, performed scored dozens of crossover hits. PBS and public television viewers. or produced dozens of the label’s classic Additional funding was provided by Following Gordy’s appearance, hits: My Girl, Ooo Baby Baby, The Tracks The Ira and Leonore Gershwin Fund Robinson took the stage, accompanied of My Tears, I Second That Emotion, and The Leonore S. Gershwin Trust for by Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden, Shop Around, You’ve Really Got a Hold Sen. Richard Durbin, House Majority the benefit of the Library of Congress on Me and many more. Leader Kevin McCarthy, House Trust Fund Board, AARP and the On Nov. 16, Robinson was honored Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi and Library of Congress James Madison with an all-star tribute concert at DAR Reps. Steny Hoyer, Candice Miller and Council. Air transportation was Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C. Gregg Harper, vice chair of the Joint provided by United Airlines.

Smokey Robinson, seated at George Gershwin’s piano, visits with Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden. Shawn Miller

CELEBRATING ACHIEVEMENT 43 Literacy Awards benefactor David Rubenstein interviews awardees Ramanathan Sriram, Sharon Darling and Joel Zarrow. Shawn Miller

Literacy Awards. Created and multiple generations together has been Rico. The Holland Prize recognizes the sponsored by philanthropist David M. a fundamental aspect of NCFL’s work best single-sheet, measured drawing Rubenstein, the Library of Congress because it knows this creates greater of a historic building, site or structure Literacy Awards seek to reward those success for families. prepared to the standards of the organizations that have done exemplary, Historic American Buildings Survey, innovative and easily replicable work over Historic American Engineering Record International Prize ($50,000) a sustained period of time to promote Established with the mission of “a or the Historic American Landscapes literacy in the United States and abroad. book in every child’s hand,” Pratham Survey. Administered by the Heritage The 2017 winners were: Books has helped millions of children Documentation Programs of the gain access to engaging and affordable National Park Service, the $1,000 prize David M. Rubenstein Prize ($150,000) multilingual books. In order to scale the was announced jointly by the Library Children’s Literacy Initiative works with creation and distribution of multilingual of Congress and National Park Service pre–K through third-grade teachers content, Pratham Books launched on Sept. 28, 2017. to improve early literacy instruction so StoryWeaver, India’s first open-source, children become powerful readers, writers digital repository of multilingual stories. Network Library of the Year. The and thinkers. The organization coaches Users can read, download, print and Washington Talking Book & Braille teachers, stocks classrooms with learning share stories for free. Library of Seattle was honored with the materials and collections of high- 2017 NLS Network Library of the Year quality children’s literature and provides Leicester B. Holland Prize. The award. The National Library Service for workshops and seminars for teachers. 2017 Holland Prize for architectural the Blind and Physically Handicapped drawing was awarded to Jean-Guy created the Network Library Awards The American Prize ($50,000) Tanner Dubé of Oxnard, California, in 2005. A committee of librarians and Established in 1989, the National for his rendering of the historic 19th- consumer-organization representatives Center for Families Learning (NCFL) century Wallace Libbey Hardison selects finalists from among nominated works to eliminate poverty through House Barn in Santa Paula, California. libraries based on mission support, educational solutions for families. The honorable mention was awarded creativity, innovation in providing service Throughout its 28-year history, NCFL for a drawing of the José Celso Barbosa and demonstrated reader satisfaction. has changed the lives of millions of House in Bayamón municipality, The winner is selected from finalists by families by providing literacy strategies, Puerto Rico, by a team of students the NLS director. The award carries a programming and resources. Engaging from Universidad Politécnica de Puerto $1,000 cash prize.

44 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS FEDLINK Awards. FEDLINK technology, engineering, arts and LIBRARY STAFF RECOGNITION serves federal libraries and information mathematics curricula. Prince Ermias Sahle-Selassie Haile- centers as their purchasing, training Selassie of Ethiopia in February and resource-sharing consortium. Each Federal library technician of the year— honored Fentahun Tiruneh of the year, FEDLINK presents the winners Jennea Augsbury, lead library Library’s African and Middle Eastern of its national awards for federal technician for the Department Division for his lifetime of work in librarianship, which recognize the of Veterans Affairs in Dallas, was the promotion and preservation of many innovative ways federal libraries, recognized for her extraordinary Ethiopian culture. Tiruneh, on Feb. librarians and library technicians dedication to serving the needs of 25, was named a grand officer of fulfill the information demands of the medical center staff and veterans the Order of the Star of Honor of government, business, scholars and the during a 13-month period when her Ethiopia in a ceremony at the Army- public. The winners were honored May library went without a service chief or Navy Club in Washington, D.C. The 9, 2017, at the Library of Congress. professional medical librarian. honor was bestowed on Tiruneh by The winners were: Sahle-Selassie, president of the Crown Council of Ethiopia. The Order of Large library/information center of National Collegiate Book the Star of Ethiopia was established the year—The Goddard Information Collecting. The Center for the and Collaboration Center of by Emperor Menelik II in 1884-85 to Book in the Library of Congress and Greenbelt, Maryland, was recognized honor foreign and domestic civilian the Library’s Rare Book and Special for transforming its physical space and and military officials and individuals for expanding services. During fiscal 2016, Collections Division, along with the service to the country. Today, the honor the library completed a nine-month Antiquarian Booksellers’ Association of is bestowed by the Crown Council renovation to become the Goddard America, the Fellowship of American of Ethiopia, a body that promotes Information and Collaboration Center, Bibliographic Societies and the Grolier cultural preservation, development and a high-tech multiuse facility. Club, announced the 2017 winners of humanitarian efforts in Ethiopia. the National Collegiate Book Collecting Small library/information center— Jeanne Drewes, chief of the Binding contest. The contest is made possible The Federal Communications and Collections Care Division at the with major support from the Jay I. Kislak Commission Library in Washington, Library of Congress, in March was D.C., was recognized for serving the Foundation. The 2017 winners were: named recipient of the 2017 Ross research needs of staff based at the Atkinson Lifetime Achievement Award First Place: Alexander M. Koch, facility’s headquarters and at field for exceptional contributions to the Unity College, The Breath and Breadth of offices around the country. Staff Association for Library Collections redesigned the library website, adding the Maine Woods. and Technical Services (ALCTS). The multiple points of access and a new Atkinson award is bestowed by the Second Place: Mark Gallagher, discovery layer within the management ALCTS in recognition of outstanding UCLA, A New Spirit of Truth: The system, which enabled users to access service to the organization and all requests via a single catalog search. Writings of the American Transcendentalists. its areas of interest—acquisitions, cataloging and metadata, collection Third Place: Xavier González, Harvard Federal librarian of the year— management, continuing resources Michael Steinmacher, director of the University, Books That Count: Books and and preservation and reformatting. Barr Memorial Library at Fort Knox, DVDs Calculated to Inspire Children and The ALCTS is a division of the Kentucky, was recognized for his Young Adults to Explore the Wonderful World American Library Association. innovation and promotion of creative of Mathematics. programs and events. Among other Susan Meinheit of the Asian Division things, Steinmacher transformed a Essay Winner: Sarah Linton, Johns was presented with the Mongolian former coffee shop within the library Hopkins University, The Fiction We Have Friendship Medal issued by order into a high-tech, hands-on learning Become: William Gibson’s Uncertain Future of the president of Mongolia, center designed to support science, and the Cyberpunk Revolution. Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, for her work

CELEBRATING ACHIEVEMENT 45 Left: Elmer Eusman (from left), Fenella France, Margaret Ellis, Jacob Nadal and Eryl Wentworth at an awards ceremony honoring the Preservation Directorate. Right: Jeanne Drewes was named recipient of the Ross Atkinson Lifetime Achievement Award.

in the promotion and preservation of The Preservation Directorate in Conservation Division’s almost 40-year Mongolian culture. She received the August received a singular honor history of training future conservators medal from the Mongolian ambassador when the Library was given the through its internship program. Many to the U.S., Bulgaa Altangerel, in a 2017 Distinguished Award for Library conservation interns have gone ceremony at the Embassy of Mongolia the Advancement of the Field of on to become leaders in the field, and Conservation, from the American in March. The Friendship Medal is several have returned to the Library as Institute for Conservation of Historic Mongolia’s highest civilian honor and permanent employees following their and Artistic Works (AIC). This award graduate training or early professional was presented in recognition of the recognizes institutions for their vital and experience at other institutions. librarian’s 30 years of contributions to long-standing support of professional- U.S.-Mongolia relations through the development activities of conservators. Anne Harrison, a FEDLINK network development of the Library’s extensive Part of AIC’s recognition of the program specialist at the Library of Mongolian collection. Library’s contribution was based on the Congress, was named recipient of the 2017 Federal and Armed Forces Libraries Round Table Achievement Award for her sustained work to promote library and information service and the information profession in the federal community. Harrison has worked in service of federal libraries for over 16 years. The announcement of the award noted that she has served as “the go-to federal librarian to discuss preservation and digitization projects. She has helped countless federal libraries procure digitization and preservation services, including

Colleagues congratulate Cynthia Jackson-Durrah (second from left), recipient of the 2017 the Library of Congress and the Congressional Research Service Directors Award. Shawn Miller Government Publishing Office.”

46 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS ORGANIZATIONAL Reports

47 Organizational Chart as of September 30, 2017

Office of the Copyright OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN Inspector General Royalty Judges Carla Hayden Kurt W. Hyde

Chief Communications Chief of Staff Officer Librarian of Congress Robert R. Newlen Elizabeth C. Morrison

Roswell M. Encina Congressional Relations Communications Public Programs Services Deputy Librarian of Congress Special Events Multimedia Group for Institutional Advancement

Chief Operating Officer Chief Information Officer Office of the Development Office Edward R. Jablonski General Counsel Bernard A. Barton, Jr.

End User Computing Chief Financial Officer Susan Siegel Contracts & Grants Management Elizabeth Pugh IT Customer Engagement Human Resources Services IT Security IT Service Management Integrated Support Services Security & Emergency IT Service Operations Strategic Planning Preparedness EEO and Research & Development and Performance Diversity Programs Management

Vicki Magnus Dianne Houghton

NATIONAL AND CONGRESSIONAL LAW LIBRARY U.S. COPYRIGHT INTERNATIONAL FFICE RESEARCH SERVICE LIBRARY SERVICES OUTREACH O

Director Law Librarian Associate Librarian Director Register of Copyrights for Library Services

Mary B. Mazanec Jane Sánchez Jane McAuliffe Karyn A. Temple J. Mark Sweeney (Acting) Office of the Deputy Director Operations Operations Operations Operations American Law GlobalE Legal Collection Acquisitions & National Enterprises Chief Information Counselor to the Director Global Legal Research Bibliographic Access National Programs Officer Domestic Social Policy xternal Relations Collections & Services Scholarly & Educational General Counsel Finances & Administration Preservation Programs Policy & International Foreign Affairs, Defense & Technology Policy Affairs Trade Public Information & Government & Finance Education Congressional Information & Public Records & Publishing Repositories Information Management & Registration Policy & Technology Practice Resource s, Science & Industry Workforce Management & Technology Knowledge Services Group

48 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS As of September 30, 2017 Organizational Chart as of September 30, 2017 Congress established the Law Library In fiscal 2017, the Law Library of Congress in 1832 with the primary prepared 459 legal research reports, mission to provide Congress with special studies and memoranda for the timely, innovative and high-quality legislative branch, of which 339 were foreign, comparative, international responses to congressional inquiries. and U.S. law research and reports. Foreign law specialists provided To accomplish that, the Law Library members of Congress with reports has assembled a staff of experienced related to many timely U.S. legislative foreign- and American-trained lawyers issues, including a worldwide survey and law librarians to interpret complex of legislation on war crimes; genocide and crimes against humanity; taxation Law Library and dynamic legal issues. of financial transactions; sanctions Beyond Congress, the Law Library applicable to U.S. defense contractors; supports the federal judiciary and implementation of extradition treaties; 36,232 Facebook friends and the Law executive branch agencies. To produce status of children of undocumented Library continued to offer RSS feeds requested work products, staff rely migrants; artist release rights; laws and email alerts in order to notify on and utilize the Law Library’s regulating broader market participation subscribers about selected resources, in flood insurances. Many of these collection, the world’s largest legal upcoming events and training. The reports are available to the public on Law Library’s blog, In Custodia Legis, repository, currently at 2,961,666 the Law Library’s website, law.gov. published 227 posts and recorded million volumes. Approximately 60 580,599 page views. In Custodia percent of the collection is foreign and In addition to assisting Congress, the Legis was named to the ABA Journal’s those materials often are unique and Law Library prepared 874 research Annual Blawg 100 for the third unavailable in their original countries. or reference reports for executive- and consecutive year. The list honors the At the same time, staff are responsible judicial-branch agencies, the U.S. bar top 100 best blogs for a legal audience. for developing the collection for 300 and members of the public around legal systems and jurisdictions, U.S. the world. The Law Library answered The Global Legal Monitor, a states and territories in all formats: approximately 18,162 inquiries in continually updated online publication books, serials, manuscripts, journals, its reading room, on the phone or covering legal news and developments film, artwork, electronic books and electronically. Its Public Services worldwide, received 632,884 page views documents and microfilm. The Division answered a total of 3,425 for the year. The Guide to Law Online, magnitude and maintenance of inquiries through Ask-A-Librarian, the an annotated portal of internet sources such a unique collection brings great Library’s virtual reference service. of interest to legal researchers, had challenges to the development and 558,670 page views. Both resources are The Law Library also provided 196 accessible on the Law Library’s website. daily administration of the collection seminars and orientations on legal while maintaining it for the benefit and legislative research for nearly law.gov of the nation and the world. As the 3,000 participants. Furthermore, in need for this information and expertise fiscal 2017, the Law Library increased grows, and new technologies emerge, online access to digitized law collection The Twitter account the Law Library continues to acquire materials, including 22 volumes (1925– and maintain appropriate staffing to 1988) of the U.S. Code and 542 volumes @Congressdotgov meet its responsibilities. (1754–2004) of the U.S. Reports. grew to

On Feb. 6, 2017, Jane Sánchez was The Law Library continued to expand appointed the 25th Law Librarian its use of social networking. Twitter of Congress. As Law Librarian of followers increased to 68,146. The Congress, she manages the operation Twitter account @Congressdotgov 48,731 and policy administration of the world’s grew to 48,731 followers. The Law FOLLOWERS. largest collection of legal materials. Library’s Facebook page reached

ORGANIZATIONAL REPORTS 49 Policy. A total of 32 divisions constitute both on the web and in the broader these directorates, along with six networked world, that is grounded overseas offices located in Cairo, in the techniques of linked data. In Jakarta, Islamabad, Nairobi, New fiscal 2017, a directorate highlight Delhi and Rio de Janeiro. In addition, was the completion of 286,667 the Collection Development Office, bibliographic records for the Library the Packard Campus for Audio-Visual of Congress Online Catalog—the Conservation and the American highest production since the merger of Library Folklife Center (which oversees the acquisitions and cataloging operations Veterans History Project) are within in October 2008. Services Library Services. Major activities of the Collections The Acquisitions and Bibliographic and Services Directorate in the Library Services performs many of Access Directorate selectively acquires fiscal year included developing the the traditional functions of a national materials for all collections managed Library’s collections in all languages, library: building the national collection, by Library Services and the Law subject areas (except law) and formats; providing good stewardship for the Library of Congress; catalogs print maintaining primary stewardship, collections, creating and managing and digital resources in all languages; inventory control and security for metadata about the collections and trains Library of Congress staff and nearly 162 million general and special sharing the national collection with a colleagues in the library community; collections at the Library’s Capitol wide variety of users. and leads a wide range of standards Hill buildings and four off-site facilities and leadership initiatives in cataloging (three in Maryland—Fort Meade, The units that comprise Library and acquisitions. The directorate Cabin Branch and Landover—and Services are organized within four also continued to lead the library one, the National Audio-Visual directorates: Acquisitions and community in developing BIBFRAME, Conservation Center, in Culpeper, Bibliographic Access, Collections and which provides a foundation for the Virginia); providing access to the Services, Preservation, and Technology future of bibliographic description, Library’s collections through 17 research centers on Capitol Hill and Jeff Lofton leads a session of the FutureBridge leadership-development program. Shawn Miller via the internet; and coordinating collection-based digitization projects to increase public access to Library materials of high research value.

The Directorate continued to focus on four areas in support of the Library’s strategic goals: expanding capacity to store both physical and digital collections securely and safely; bringing more collections under inventory control and out of the arrearage; improving access to reference and research services; and increasing online content so more information is available for users at all times. Regarding the last area of focus, almost 50 different digital-conversion projects were underway and produced over 4.7 million master digital files, including additions to Chronicling America, the Alexander Hamilton Papers, Polish Declarations, Sigmund

50 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS Freud papers and women’s suffrage collections. Twenty-two new online collections featured presidential papers, Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, Japanese internment camp newspapers, music archives, moving images and sound recordings, photographs and rare books.

The Preservation Directorate supports the Library’s mission through the assessment and treatment of collections using technologies, practices and procedures known to reduce risks to these materials. During the year, the Directorate performed nearly 10 million preservation actions on items in the Library’s physical collections made up of books, serials, prints, photographs, audio-visual and other items. Over 900,000 files were digitally European Division chief Grant Harris (right) accepts a donation of books from the Bulgarian Embassy. Shawn Miller copied from obsolescent media and transferred to the Library’s digital The Collection Development Office concert series. During the year, the repository system for archiving. directly supports the Library’s Veterans History Project received strategic goal to acquire and maintain over 4,300 collections through the The Technology Policy Directorate a universal collection of knowledge voluntary participation of individuals coordinates information-technology and the record of America’s creativity around the country seeking to preserve policy and operations for Library to meet the needs of Congress, first-person narratives of U.S. veterans Services and supports information researchers and the American public. in their lives and communities at the systems, most notably, the Library’s It ensures that the Library’s analog Library. The project modified its integrated library system and online and digital collections reflect the outreach efforts and processes to align catalog. It also provides workstation breadth and depth of knowledge them with the updated Collections hardware and software support and published in all media, languages and Policy Statement, which clarifies the coordinates analog to digital conversion regions of the world. During fiscal definition of veteran and allows for of collection materials; manages the 2017, it took the lead in shepherding the inclusion of Gold Star voices in Library’s web-harvesting program; the Library’s Digital Collecting Plan to accordance with the enactment of the and supports the acquisition and approval and then to implementation. Gold Star Families Voices Act (P.L. management of digital collections 114-246) on Nov. 28, 2016. content through technical guidelines The American Folklife Center was and assistance to Library staff. In fiscal created in 1976 by Congress to 2017, the directorate began to build out “preserve and present American the Digital Collections Management folklife” through programs of and Services Division, filling the research, documentation, archival The Preservation Directorate division chief and the Digital Content preservation, reference service, live performed nearly Management section supervisor performance, exhibitions, publications positions. Additional congressional and training. In fiscal 2017, a robust funding for several full-time equivalents range of public programs was 10 million approved in the fiscal 2017 budget presented, with successful seasons preservation actions on allowed the division to move ahead with for both the Benjamin Botkin Folklife collection items. posting the newly supported positions. Lecture Series and the Homegrown

ORGANIZATIONAL REPORTS 51 The Congressional Research Service reform, environmental regulation, (CRS) provides authoritative, objective immigration, federal land management and confidential research and analysis and intellectual property. CRS to Congress throughout the legislative experts provided critical support while process. Lawmakers rely on CRS for Congress worked to reauthorize federal Congressional timely, balanced analysis of public legislation facing imminent expiration policy issues and legislative proposals for the farm bill, the Higher Education Research on the congressional agenda. This Act of 1965 and the Federal Aviation report summarizes selected CRS Administration. CRS worked closely Service milestones in legislative assistance with lawmakers to address a variety of for fiscal 2017 and highlights notable issues that emerged over the course of management initiatives that will move the year, including shifting trade policy the service forward. approaches by the new presidential administration, the confirmation of a new Supreme Court justice, federal LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT emergency-management challenges Congress called upon CRS’ research brought about by multiple severe and analytical capabilities as it natural disasters, the growing opioid contended with a host of public crisis and the increasing impact on policy challenges associated with society of so-called “disruptive” the federal budget, health-care technology. CRS supplemented its

Patrons use smartphones to view CRS podcasts. Congressional Research Service

52 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS analytical support on these issues with CRS continued to be part of the guidance on the legislative process and Library’s multi-departmental team for administrative rulemaking, as well as the Congress.gov by providing data analysis, annual appropriations resources. subject-matter expertise, consultation, testing and support for congressional CRS supported Congress in its users and data partners. CRS also examination of and response continued to work with the Library on to ongoing developments in the an initiative to modernize The Constitution Middle East, the Iranian nuclear of the United States of America: Analysis and agreement and challenges posed by Interpretation (known as the Constitution the acceleration of North Korea’s Annotated, or ). nuclear weapons and ballistic missile development programs. Congress also MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES relied on CRS expertise as it focused CRS is actively participating in the on the administration’s proposed Envisioning 2025 initiative, which will reductions to and reorganization of inform the Library’s future direction several international affairs programs and priorities. CRS is beginning to lay and withdrawal from various treaties. the groundwork for the development of the service’s next strategic plan, which CRS hosted Legislative Issues and Procedures: will commence in fiscal 2018. The CRS Seminar for New Members in CRS joined the Skype for Business cooperation with the U.S. House of Federation with the House, Senate and Representatives, Jan. 6–9, 2017, in . With the Skype Williamsburg, Virginia. Forty-three of Federation, CRS hosted multiple online 56 newly elected Members (77 percent) webinars for congressional staff, in attended. The seminar was designed to addition to using it for instant messaging provide newly elected Members with and audio/video teleconferencing. training to help them be effective during their first year in office. Nationally To begin modernization of CRS’ recognized experts from inside and Information Technology systems, outside of CRS gave presentations on the Service posted a Request for legislative and budget processes as well Information for the Integrated Research as domestic and foreign policy issues. and Information System (IRIS). The seminar also introduced Members This joint initiative with the Library to CRS and key services provided by will leverage the latest advances in technology. IRIS will support Congress the Library of Congress. The CRS website drew in four key areas: information research, approximately In fiscal 2017, the CRS website drew policy and data analysis, content approximately 1,599,500 views, creation and product delivery. including more than 658,300 views CRS combined the Office of Finance 1,599,500 of the service’s reports and general- and Administration with the Office views, including distribution products. The service of Workforce Management and produced more than 11,100 reports and Development, establishing the Office more than 658,300 products and made them available to of Administrative Operations in order views of the service’s congressional clients. CRS hosted over to maximize efficiency, provide more 250 seminars, institutes and training effective oversight of operations and reports and general- programs attended by approximately performance and strengthen internal distribution products. 8,600 congressional participants. collaboration and coordination.

ORGANIZATIONAL REPORTS 53 The Development Office led efforts and manager forums and symposia; to raise private funds to support facilitated 37 live-streamed events to signature initiatives and events that the Library’s Facebook and YouTube serve Congress and the nation. These channels; provided more than 1,100 activities also made the Library’s hours of recorded content, including 74 collections and resources more evening events and 24 weekend events; accessible to its diverse users. A total and produced special promotional of $7.2 million in restricted funds materials, training videos and content Office of was raised for Library initiatives. A for external media dissemination. total of $1.225 million was raised the Librarian in unrestricted funds (from a goal The Office of Communications of $900,000). This result was due to provided public relations and media successful recruitment for the Library’s support to more than 40 Library initiatives, including major exhibitions, The Office of the Librarian in fiscal leading private-sector support group, new online collections and annual 2017 provided leadership to the the James Madison Council. During the fiscal year, 11 new members were announcements and events such as the Library, including providing executive added to the council; new members national film and recording registries, management to the Library service reflected a much more diverse the Gershwin Prize for Popular Song units, chairing the Library’s Executive constituency in terms of race, ethnicity, and the National Book Festival. The Committee and providing direct age and geography. office issued more than 140 news oversight of Office of the Chief releases, published more than 200 Information Officer and Office of the The Office of Equal Employment blog posts, managed and grew social- Chief Operating Officer activities. Opportunity and Diversity Programs media accounts including Twitter, Highlights from offices within the (EEO/DP) worked with Human Facebook and Instagram, developed Office of the Librarian in fiscal 2017 Resources Services to update the and executed paid media campaigns, are summarized here. Strategic Diversity Plan workforce and published the Library of Congress assessment for fiscal 2017. This resulted Magazine and the Gazette. The Congressional Relations Office in improved data standardization, (CRO) engaged in many activities to collection techniques and analysis The Office of the General Counsel support the new 115th Congress and that will enable Library management provided legal counsel to Library the 45th presidential inauguration, to identify actionable strategies management regarding Library and approximately 1,780 Members for elimination of barriers in the initiatives, collections and operations; attended 175 Library events during workplace. EEO/DP supported reviewed Library contracts and the year. A new Guide to Library of service-unit compliance with EEO agreements; served as the Library Congress Resources and Services Quick- requirements by conducting outreach, ethics and privacy office; supported Reference Card was distributed in person briefings and mandatory training for the Library’s legislative and regulatory to all Members of the new Congress, supervisors and managers. EEO/DP activities; and represented the Library the leadership and congressional also conducted training on unconscious in negotiations, disputes and litigation. committee offices. CRO contacted all bias, leveraging diversity, micro The Office of Special Events and new Members to offer briefings on inequities and emotional intelligence and conducted training in conflict Public Programs (OSEPP) coordinated Library programs and services that can resolution for supervisors and managers 477 events, a 20 percent increase over assist them with their constitutional and as well as holding conflict-resolution fiscal 2016. Some were either multiday representational responsibilities. The training sessions for staff. events or events involving additional office continued to maintain effective subevents in multiple locations. relationships between Congress and the The Multimedia Group filmed, Throughout the year, OSEPP and Library through the 2017 Congressional edited, captioned and packaged 430 CRO coordinated 150 congressional Dialogues dinner series, the Library multimedia productions, including events for Members of Congress— of Congress Caucus and enhanced lectures, concerts, conferences, town including the Speaker of the House— outreach about Library programming. hall and all-hands meetings, supervisor and various committees and caucuses.

54 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden talks with actress Lynda Carter during a week of events at the Library that featured comics and related popular culture. Shawn Miller

In March 2017, the Librarian of and internal-control framework and meet its current and future mission Congress announced a new events completed transition of this new requirements, functions and activities framework for the Library, designed framework to all service units, resulting and operate effectively in the electronic to result in a more cohesive, strategic in the first Library-wide inventory of information age. and impactful public events program. strategic and operational risks (Library OCIO provides expert guidance for OSEPP began implementation of of Congress Risk Register). The Risk digital and IT business innovation and the new framework and succeeded in Register will enable the Library to build decision-making across the Library creating an improved decision-making a more robust enterprise-wide process and serves as the strategic leader for structure concerning public events at fully integrated with its planning, the agency in the IT domain. It also the Library. performance management and decision- making processes. serves as the provider of IT security, application and data management and Strategic Planning and Performance IT operations. Management developed and facilitated OFFICE OF THE CHIEF a Library-wide envisioning initiative INFORMATION OFFICER During fiscal 2017, OCIO continued to set the Library’s strategic direction Led by the Chief Information Officer, to make significant progress on through fiscal 2025. This initiative, the Office of the Chief Information implementing audit recommendations known as Envisioning 2025, lays the Officer (OCIO) provides the vision, by successfully closing 123 audit foundation for the development of the leadership, services, capabilities and recommendations. As a result, two Library’s new fiscal 2019–2023 strategic advice necessary to ensure that Library Office of the Inspector General (OIG) plan. The office also successfully piloted digital and information-technology reports dating back to 2006 and 2011, a new integrated risk-management (IT) resources enable the Library to respectively, were closed.

ORGANIZATIONAL REPORTS 55 In November 2016, the Librarian ensuring that appropriate controls are Library digital collections, including issued a memorandum entitled in place. OCIO worked closely with 39 million files and over 894 terabytes Maximizing Value from our Investments in SPPM to identify tools, templates and of content from 194 digital collecting Technology. The memorandum directed processes that not only apply to OCIO projects. Millions of new items that all Library technology activities be but also to the entire Library beginning representing dozens of collections were centrally coordinated through OCIO. in fiscal 2018. added to the Library’s loc.gov website, Based on an internal assessment of including presidential papers, Civil War its organization, OCIO implemented OCIO established nine new Library materials and historical newspapers. the first phase of its reorganization in of Congress Regulations (LCRs) February 2017 that that provide the foundation for In fiscal 2017, OCIO collaborated with mature IT governance processes at the Congressional Research Service, ■■ established a centralized Project the Library. These LCRs have also the Law Library and congressional Management Office responsible for been critical to closing 29 OIG and staff and stakeholders to complete nine ensuring oversight of IT projects and Government Accountability Office major releases of Congress.gov. Each investments; audit recommendations. This critical release included functional, content advancement facilitates continued and performance enhancements, ■■ consolidated the software-development OCIO improvements and ensures developed and prioritized using function under a single directorate; and future success. extensive user feedback. The Congress. gov improvements focus extensively ■■ streamlined reporting relations within To improve the data-center reliability on search features, including new the Office of the Deputy Chief that mission-critical programs and advanced capabilities to support Information Officer (CIO) for improved constituents require, OCIO received congressional staff. oversight and IT service delivery. appropriated funding to migrate OCIO also worked with the U.S. In support of the IT centralization its data-center environment to a Copyright Office to refresh and enhance mandate and to improve IT security, hybrid hosting-environment model Copyright.gov; complete three major OCIO centralized the function of that includes Library-managed data releases of the Digital Millennium the Information System Security centers, cloud services and shared Copyright Act online registration site; Officer within the OCIO IT services. This transformation project and implement secure protocol (https) Security Directorate. began in 2017 and will continue over the next few years. support for Copyright websites. OCIO and Human Resource Services OCIO centralized all Library collaborated with the Office of In fiscal 2017, OCIO continued to Information System Security Officers Personnel Management to conduct mature the newly established IT within the IT Security Directorate. a Library-wide assessment of IT Business Continuity and Disaster human-capital needs in order to Recovery program in order to promote analyze gaps between current skills the availability of Library IT systems OFFICE OF THE CHIEF and future needs. Information received and applications. A key accomplishment OPERATING OFFICER from the assessment will facilitate this year included the successful The programs comprising the Office of the development of a strategy for collection of new IT contingency plans the Chief Operating Officer delivered closing the identified gaps to enable a for all Library IT systems. comprehensive services, managed skilled workforce that can address the institutional programs and oversaw Library’s business needs. In fiscal 2017, OCIO worked with regulatory compliance in the areas of stakeholders to enhance the Digital financial administration, human capital, OCIO also piloted an integrated- Library tools and services used inside contracting, facilities, safety and health risk management program, with the Library to acquire, manage and services, asset management, personnel guidance from the Strategic Planning deliver digital content. Functionality security and emergency preparedness. and Performance Management office was added to functions supporting the (SPPM). The program’s purpose is to acquisition and management of digital The Office of the Chief Financial identify and manage risks that keep content. These improvements allowed Officer (OCFO) provided leadership the agency from achieving its goals or the highest-ever annual throughput for and vision for the Legislative

56 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS Branch, leading an upgrade to the streamlined ordering processes for The Office of Security and Emergency shared Legislative Branch Financial Library activities to include direct Preparedness (OSEP) focused on Management System (Momentum) ordering by service units under Library strengthening collection security, and supporting the Medicare Payment contracts for braille and audio-book personnel security, emergency Advisory Commission and Government production, shipping and customs preparedness and protective services. Accountability Office’s scheduled clearance for collections, audio-visual The office conducted site-assistance migrations of financial data to the support for Library concerts, film visits, promoted security awareness system. OCFO initiated transition to preservation, hazardous waste disposal, and emergency preparedness, provided a Department of Treasury Disbursing health services, translation services physical and electronic security measures for new construction and Office; completed an assessment for and purchases for the Library’s gift improving the financial-reporting space-renovation projects and sustained shop. The office negotiated innovative, system for Library management an effective personnel security and Library-wide and Legislative Branch- and users; and worked closely with employment-sustainability program wide contracts for information- the Office of the Chief Information in compliance with standards of the technology lifecycle support, software Officer to identify modifications Office of Personnel Management assurance, strategic consulting and to the Momentum system and the and other national agencies. OSEP domestic and international shipping. budget system for tracking IT costs collaborated with Legislative Branch As a result of these initiatives and to significantly improve the Library’s counterparts and the Office of the accuracy of reported investment operational efficiencies, the Library Chief Information Officer to make the spending against planned investments. awarded 29 percent more contract Library a full participant in the Capitol actions and 15 percent more dollars Hill-wide Joint Emergency Mass Human Resources Services (HRS) than in the prior fiscal year. Notification System. partnered with service units via the Human Capital Advisory Board Integrated Support Services (ISS) established by the Library’s Executive continued to provide support of the Committee to ensure the Library Library’s physical infrastructure, acquires, develops and retains a diverse, operational requirements and regulatory engaged workforce proficient with the compliance in the areas of facilities, competencies (behavior attributes, skills health, safety, office systems and logistics. and knowledge) needed to accomplish ISS completed 48 facility projects, the unique mission of each service unit. established 39 wellness activities, HRS developed and implemented a conducted more than 59 safety training Human Capital Management Plan and sessions and established a property-asset an automated hiring solution. HRS also management system incorporating partnered with the Office of Personnel disparate Library asset systems. Major Management to conduct an assessment capital improvement projects included of the Library’s information-technology moving into the Cabin Branch facility; workforce to identify gaps in critical planning the future location of the technical competencies. National Library Service for the Blind The Office of Contracts and Grants and Physically Handicapped at 501 Management supported the Library’s First Street SE; opening Module 5 at The Library provided programs, initiatives, technology Fort Meade; planning Modules 6 and infrastructure, facility projects and 7; initiating five new shelving projects; grants, awards and collection management. The office and implementing a comprehensive fellowships for scholarly awarded 3,148 contract actions. compact-shelving maintenance Grants, awards and fellowship actions program. ISS conducted hazard purposes valued at for a variety of scholarly purposes assessments, safety inspections, evaluated totaled 171 actions valued at $11.2 facility projects for safety and fire and million. The office expanded the supported ergonomics assessments. $11.2 million.

ORGANIZATIONAL REPORTS 57 National and International Outreach with the screening of six modern (NIO) comprises many of the public classics. The Library’s Educational programs and activities that advance Outreach team supported K–12 the role of the Library of Congress teachers and students in their efforts as a national cultural institution and to incorporate the Library’s digitized a major asset for learners of all ages. primary-source documents in the National and Through its three directorates— classroom. The division also merged Scholarly and Educational Programs, with the Library’s Young Readers International National Programs and National Center to incorporate the best practices Enterprises—NIO is charged with of teaching with primary sources in Outreach developing, managing and overseeing a all Library children’s programming. broad array of programs and services The John W. Kluge Center—the that showcase the Library and make Library’s scholar-in-residence center— it accessible to everyone. NIO also hosted and supported 85 scholars and works to facilitate collaboration among welcomed more than 100 additional the Library’s public-engagement scholars, who took part in public events efforts, foster partnerships with other and private seminars co-hosted with prominent cultural and academic partner organizations. Per its mission institutions and promote the use of the to bring together top thinkers with Library and its collections to Congress national policymakers, the Kluge and the public. Center also increased programming in support of Congress, including a series In fiscal 2017, NIO worked to expand of bipartisan breakfast conversations and strengthen the Library’s public and for Members and discussions on scholarly functions. Highlights of the democracy for congressional staff. work done across NIO include Promoting reading and literacy remained The Visitor Services Office, which another high priority. NIO spearheaded leveraged its highly trained volunteer the acclaimed 17th annual Library of docents to welcome nearly 2 million Congress National Book Festival, with an visitors to the Library, deliver 8,000 increased focus on children and family guided tours and answer over 330,000 programming. The Center for the Book inquiries. To showcase the Library’s continued its successful Literacy Awards treasures, the Interpretative Programs program and the popular Letters About Office (IPO) opened two major Literature writing campaign. The Poetry exhibitions, several smaller exhibits and and Literature Center, home of the Poet short-term displays, and maintained Laureate Consultant in Poetry, welcomed a program of regular educational the 22nd poet laureate, Tracy K. Smith, activities. IPO also spearheaded the and promoted the written and spoken creation of a new model of short-term word through its many public events. “pop-up” exhibits to provide the public special access to Library treasures on Seeking to expand the Library’s role topics of wide interest. as a cultural leader in the digital realm, National Digital Initiatives Expanding awareness of, and access to, (NDI) worked to increase the visibility the Library’s collections remained a top of the Library’s digital activities priority. NIO organized the Library’s and resources and enhance digital first outdoor summer film festival, innovation. NDI launched LC Labs, a showcasing the Library’s preservation website to host experimental initiatives efforts and the National Film Registry and to invite the public to engage

58 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS Rocker Billy Bragg discusses skiffle and its influence on popular music. Shawn Miller with digital collections, including also launched a new and improved book for children. And FEDLINK a new crowdsourcing pilot project, website, initiated a pilot of new braille assisted a network of federal libraries to Beyond Words. NDI also fostered e-readers and completed a multiyear maximize their buying power, allowing ongoing partnerships with the National analog-to-digital conversion project. federal agencies to benefit from Endowment for the Humanities, the approximately $43 million in vendor Smithsonian Institution, the Mellon The Library’s self-supporting programs volume discounts and approximately Foundation, George Washington within National Enterprises provided $51 million more in cost avoidance. University and others. a wide range of services to the Library and its constituents. Most notably, The National Library Service for the Business Enterprises’ Cataloging Blind and Physically Handicapped Distribution Service introduced free (NLS) added an additional 17,000 bulk access to the Library’s Machine- NLS patrons received more than titles to the Braille and Audio Reading Readable Cataloging (MARC) records Download site to support Americans through its new MARC open-access who cannot use traditional reading service—the world’s largest public 20 million material. Its 470,000 patrons received release of bibliographic records (25 books, magazines and musical more than 20 million books, magazines million records). The Publishing Office scores in audio, braille and and musical scores in audio, braille and co-produced six new books, three large-print formats. large print formats in fiscal 2017. NLS puzzles, six calendars and a sticker

ORGANIZATIONAL REPORTS 59 The U.S. Copyright Office, headed The office released nine final by the Register of Copyrights, rulemakings in fiscal 2017. The office administers the nation’s copyright laws issued the Designation of Agent to for the advancement of the public Receive Notification of Claimed good. The Register’s statutory duties Infringement rule and launched a U.S. include registering creative works, new electronic system; published a recording ownership information final rule regarding possible removal Copyright and implementing certain statutory of personally identifiable information licenses. The office also provides expert from the office’s online registration Office assistance to Congress, the courts and catalog; required electronic filing for executive branch agencies on copyright most supplemental registrations and law and policy. group registration of contributions to periodicals; issued a final rule In fiscal 2017, the Copyright Office to address disruption of electronic issued over 452,000 registrations and systems; and released a final rule recorded thousands of copyright regarding electronic submission and transfer documents. The office signature of section 111 statements forwarded 658,045 deposit copies to of account. the Library’s collection. The office updated the Compendium of U.S. Copyright The office began several rulemakings, Office Practicesand began releasing including those regarding group updated information circulars. registration of secure tests and

A certificate of copyright registration.David Rice

60 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS photographs; deposit requirements earning more than $6.6 million for certain literary works and musical in interest for copyright owners. compositions; proposed amendments Distributions during fiscal 2017 to the office’s recordation regulations; totaled $148,642,451. The division and the seventh triennial section launched electronic filing of cable 1201 rulemaking. statements of account.

The office released five policy The Copyright Acquisitions Division reports in fiscal 2017: the Software- received 385,547 works via mandatory Enabled Consumer Products study; deposit and 407 demands, transferring a comprehensive study assessing a total value of $27,331,056 to the section 1201; a fee study regarding Library. The division is working certain copyright recordation fees (and alongside Library Services to develop submitted a proposed fee schedule business requirements for an expanded to Congress); a discussion document regulation for e-books and digital audio. regarding section 108 of the Copyright The Office of Public Records and Act; and letters to Congress regarding Repositories (PRR) worked on a the viability of a potential pilot program virtual reading room and digitizing for certain mass-digitization projects. its card catalog, completing service The Office of Policy and International copies of the 1971–1977 indexes. The Affairs worked with executive branch office recorded 14,644 documents agencies by assisting with international and cleared 418,934 titles. The team matters, including attending World closed more than 400 paper Digital Intellectual Property Organization Millennium Copyright Act (DCMA) meetings, commenting on foreign submissions left on-hand when the new laws and serving on interagency teams DMCA system went live. The office regarding the Special 301 Report and processed more than 345 requests for World Trade Organization Policy services related to litigation. Reviews and Accessions. The Copyright Technology Office The Office of General Counsel emphasized formulating the strategic path for office modernization and, assisted the Department of Justice on while addressing performance and important court cases, contributing a functionality issues within the eCO Supreme Court amicus brief in Lenz system, performed activities to v. Universal Music Corp. regarding the maintain operational capabilities of safe-harbor provisions for online service office systems. The office updated its providers. The office was involved in website, including adding an online other cases, including section 411(b) index of Review Board decisions and responses to three district court an archive of office legal briefs. requests asking whether the office The Copyright Office would have refused registration had it The Librarian appointed an Acting known that registration information Register and the office welcomed its issued more than was inaccurate; and challenges to first Chief Financial Officer and a office decisions on registration refusals, new PRR Director. The office selected notices of termination and section two Ringer fellows and a Kamenstein 452,000 1201 exemptions. scholar. The office appointed 12 registrations of new copyright examiners. Outstanding royalty investments and creative works. interest totaled almost $1.2 billion, copyright.gov

ORGANIZATIONAL REPORTS 61 The Library’s Office of the Inspector comprehensive digital-services strategy General (OIG) became statutory with and an understanding of its customer. the passage of the Library of Congress Inspector General Act of 2005 (2 The Audits Division addressed a wide variety of subject areas in fiscal U.S.C. § 185), with a mandate to year 2017. Reports were issued on Office of ■■ independently conduct and Library Services’ use of appropriated supervise audits and investigations funds for mass deacidification, the the Inspector of fraud, waste and abuse relating to Library’s internal control environment the Library; for its purchase card program and General the Library’s internal controls for ■■ lead, coordinate and recommend three gift funds. Several more reports policies to promote economy, were issued in the IT area, such as efficiency and effectiveness; and reports on the Library’s establishment of systems development life-cycle ■■ keep the Librarian of Congress and practices, the Office of the Chief Congress fully and currently informed Information Officer’s July 2016 about problems and deficiencies disaster-recovery exercise, the Library’s relating to the administration and information-technology storage operations of the Library. infrastructure and the Library’s IT security vulnerabilities. In total, the In June, Inspector General (IG) Kurt Audits Division issued nine reports. Hyde testified about the Library’s information-technology management The Investigations Division addressed before the Committee on House alleged or suspected wrongdoing by agency employees, contractors or Administration along with Librarian others responsible for handling federal of Congress Carla Hayden and Chief resources. Violations of Library Information Officer Bernard A. Barton regulations or fraud committed against Jr. The IG highlighted the importance the Library can result in administrative of a leading-edge digital infrastructure sanctions and/or criminal or civil and the need for more robust strategic prosecution. Seven investigative reports planning, both identified by the were issued. Cases included misuse IG as top management challenges of a government travel card involving for the Library, and noted that the unauthorized cash withdrawals, CIO and his deputy have created an misuse of government computers atmosphere that is stimulating progress involving employees who viewed or in overcoming these challenges. The downloaded inappropriate material IG also emphasized that the Librarian’s and possible conflict of interest imperative over the next three to issues involving an employee’s book five years will be the execution of a contract. In addition, OIG processed revised strategic plan that includes a nearly 100 hotline complaints.

62 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS The Copyright Royalty Board published proposed rates and terms administers the royalty provisions of for two statutory licenses, cost-of-living the Copyright Act. The act requires adjustments for three established rates copyright owners to license their and technical amendments to terms for television and music programming for two statutory licenses. retransmission by cable and satellite and requires cable and satellite The judges commenced one system operators to deposit with the distribution proceeding and published Copyright Office royalties for the six agreed partial-distribution notices Copyright distant retransmission of those works for comment, after which they to their subscribers. The act also authorized partial distributions of Royalty Board requires artists, copyright owners and royalty fees. The partial distributions recording and distribution companies included royalties deposited by cable to license their sound recordings for services and satellite carriers for the certain digital transmissions, including retransmission of copyrighted television transmissions by internet and satellite programs and royalties deposited by radio stations. The three Copyright makers and distributors of digital audio Royalty judges who comprise the board recording technologies. issue determinations regarding royalty rates, terms and distributions relating Upon receipt of requests from the to these statutory licenses. Collective responsible to collect and distribute royalties under several music In fiscal 2017, licensees remitted licenses, the judges published nine approximately $220 million in notices of intent to audit. In April, television retransmission and other the judges published for comment royalties. The judges approved a proposed rulemaking regarding distributions of approximately $149 standards of conduct. According to the million from 19 royalty funds. statutory mandate, during fiscal 2017 the judges commenced one new rate- During the fiscal year, the judges setting proceeding. finalized two litigation matters, one of which was bifurcated from a The judges began digitally signing proceeding and resolved by stipulation. orders and documents for publication They presided over two rate-setting in the Federal Register and submitting hearings totaling 39 days of testimony Federal Register documents online. In by fact witnesses and experts. The June, they launched an electronic filing- judges published agreed rates and and case-management system (eCRB) terms for licensees that make and and have uploaded numerous case distribute physical phonorecords, filings in order to activate current cases permanent digital downloads and in the system. They published updated ringtones. In response to a rule change procedural rules relating to procedures by the Federal Communications for eCRB, including procedures for Commission, the judges issued a filing claims. case schedule for a proceeding to set rates for retransmitting certain crb.gov sports programming. The judges also app.crb.gov (eCRB)

ORGANIZATIONAL REPORTS 63 APPENDICES

A bronze figure holds a torch aloft in the Great Hall of the Jefferson Building. Shawn Miller

64 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS APPENDIX A. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS ADVISORY BODIES

James Madison Council Richard H. Brown and Mary Jo Otsea Barbara Guggenheim and Membership New York, New York Bertram H. Fields David M. Rubenstein, Chair Malibu, California Washington, D.C. Calvin and Sharon Butler Cockeysville, Maryland Beverly L. and Lyman Hamilton H. F. (Gerry) Lenfest, Chair Emeritus Avon, Connecticut Marguerite Lenfest Buffy M. Cafritz West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania Bethesda, Maryland John S. Hendricks Silver Spring, Maryland Edwin L. Cox, Chair Emeritus Norma Dana Dallas, Texas New York, New York Roger Hertog New York, New York John W. Kluge*, Founding Chair Emeritus James F. Dicke II New York, New York New Bremen, Ohio Leo J. Hindery Jr. New York, New York Leonard L. Silverstein, Treasurer Emeritus Consuelo Duroc-Danner Washington, D.C. Houston, Texas Jerral W. and Gene Jones Dallas, Texas Douglas G. Brinkley, Honorary Dianne Eddolls Austin, Texas Denver, Colorado Jay I. and Jean Kislak Miami, Florida Michael J. Feinstein, Honorary David and Jaimie Field Los Angeles, California Gladwyne, Pennsylvania Thomas J. and Linda Knox Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Jo Ann Jenkins, Honorary Marjorie Fisher Furman Washington, D.C. and Roy Furman David H. Koch Birmingham, Michigan New York, New York James Earl and Cecilia Jones, Honorary Pawling, New York J. Richard Fredericks Thomas Liljenquist San Francisco, California McLean, Virginia David and Rosalee McCullough, Honorary William B. and Inger Ginsberg Ira A. Lipman Boston, Massachusetts New York, New York New York, New York

Cokie B. Roberts, Honorary Thomas V. and Erika Girardi Lillian P. Lovelace Bethesda, Maryland Los Angeles, California Santa Barbara, California

Ruth S. Altshuler Frank F. Islam and Debbie Driesman Cary M. Maguire Dallas, Texas Potomac, Maryland Dallas, Texas

Norma K. Asnes Nancy Glanville Jewell Katherine B. Martin New York, New York Houston, Texas Leawood, Kansas

Roger S. and Julie Baskes Jerry L. Johnson John J. Medveckis Chicago, Illinois Bethesda, Maryland Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Troy Carter Mitchell and Tim Gold Katy and Ken Menges Studio City, California Taylorsville, North Carolina Dallas, Texas

Laurence D. Belfer Misty and Lewis Gruber Edward S. Miller New York, New York Chicago, Illinois Washington, D.C.

Holly Bock Lucile Swift Miller Dallas, Texas Richmond, Virginia

*Deceased APPENDIX A. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS ADVISORY BODIES 65 Phillip L. and Cheryl Milstein Raja W. Sidawi Christine Borgman New York, New York New York, New York Distinguished Professor and Presidential Chair in Information Thomas and Joyce Moorehead Albert H. Small Studies at the University of McLean, Virginia Bethesda, Maryland California, Los Angeles

Martha Hamilton Morris Frederick W. Smith Manuel Castells Villanova, Pennsylvania Memphis, Tennessee Wallis Annenberg Chair in Communication Technology and Eric Motley Raymond W. Smith Society at the Annenberg School of Washington, D.C. McLean, Virginia Communication at the University of Thomas G. and Elizabeth Moukawsher Paul G. Stern Southern California Groton, Connecticut Potomac, Maryland Toyin Falola Wayne K. and Christine Nelson Michael R. Stone Jacob and Frances Sanger Mossiker New York, New York La Jolla, California Chair in the Humanities at the University of Texas at Austin Donald E. Newhouse Roger A. Strauch New York, New York Berkeley, California Wm. Roger Louis Kerr Chair of English History Julie C. Opperman Michael S. and Jean Strunsky and Culture at the University of Los Angeles, California San Francisco, California Texas at Austin

Sarah and Ross Perot Jr. Charles T. Wegner, IV and Margaret MacMillan Dallas, Texas Tara Wegner Warden of St. Antony’s College at West Chicago, Illinois the University of Oxford Caren H. Prothro Dallas, Texas Craig and Diane Welburn Mark A. Noll McLean, Virginia Francis A. McAnaney Professor of Audre N. Rapoport* History at the University Waco, Texas of Notre Dame The Kluge Center Edward P. Roski Scholars Council John Witte Jr. City of Industry, California The Scholars Council is a body of Director of the Center for the Study of distinguished scholars, convened by Law and Religion at Emory University Lady Susie Sainsbury the Librarian of Congress to advise London, England on matters related to scholarship at Gordon S. Wood the Library, with special attention to Alva O. Way University Professor Emilia A. Saint-Amand the John W. Kluge Center and the and Professor of History Emeritus at New York, New York Kluge Prize. Members of the Scholars Council are appointed by the Librarian B. Francis Saul II of Congress under a separate charter Pauline Yu Bethesda, Maryland appended to the Kluge Center’s charter. President of the American Council of Learned Societies Eric J. Schneidewind Lisa Anderson Washington, D.C. Scholar of international affairs Former president of the American World Digital Library Walter Scott Jr. Executive Council University of Cairo Omaha, Nebraska Mostafa el Feki, Chair Marie Arana Director L. Dennis and Susan Shapiro Bibliotheca Alexandrina Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts Writer-at-large for

66 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS *Deceased Bruno Leopold Emile Sagna Kara I. Smith Jean M. Dorton Deputy, International Division Office of the Oklahoma Community and Legislative Liaison Bibliothèque nationale de France Attorney General Big Sandy Community and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Technical College Helena Severo Prestonburg, Kentucky President Mark E. Wojcik Brazilian National Library The John Marshall Law School Joanna Hess Foundation Chicago, Illinois Founder Indigenous Language Institute Wei Dawei M. Elizabeth Medaglia Santa Fe, New Mexico Deputy Director Special Advisor National Library of China Arlington, Virginia Amy Kitchener Executive Director Sohair F. Wastawy Tedson J. Meyers Alliance for California Traditional Arts Executive Director Special Advisor Fresno, California Qatar National Library Fairhope, Alabama John Patrick Rice Ex Officio Harry Truman (H.T.) Moore Professor of Theater Carla Hayden Goodwin Moore PLLC Great Basin College Librarian of Congress Paragould, Arkansas Elko, Nevada

Frank La Rue Jay Winik Law Library of Congress Staff Assistant Director-General for Historian Jane Sánchez Communication and Information Chevy Chase, Maryland United Nations Educational, Law Librarian of Congress Scientific and Cultural Organization Roberto Salazar Presidential Appointees Assistant Law Librarian for (Vacant) American Bar Association Operations and Planning Standing Committee on the Law Library of Congress Librarian Appointees Sheila Slocum Hollis, Chair American Bar Association Staff Thomas S. Rankin Duane Morris LLP Elissa Lichtenstein Director Washington, D.C. Director MFA in Experimental and Documentary Arts Ken Goldsmith Lesliediana Jones Duke University Legislative Counsel George Washington University Law Durham, North Carolina School Washington, D.C. American Folklife Center Bob Edwards Board of Trustees Sirius XM Radio Miriam McIntire Nisbet Congressional Appointees Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C. Patricia Atkinson Folklife Program Coordinator Ex Officio Members Michael S. Neuren Nevada Arts Council Carla Hayden Administrative Office Carson City, Nevada Librarian of Congress of the Courts of Georgia Washington, D.C. Atlanta, Georgia C. Kurt Dewhurst Director Emeritus David J. Skorton Patricia Salkin Michigan State University Museum Secretary Touro Law Center East Lansing, Michigan Smithsonian Institution Central Islip, New York Washington, D.C.

APPENDIX A. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS ADVISORY BODIES 67 Jane Chu Department of Film and Television Writers Guild of America Chair of the School of Theater, Film Member: Richard Wesley National Endowment for the Arts and Television at the University of Alternate: Howard Rodman Washington, D.C. California, Los Angeles Member: Bob Rosen At-Large Jon Parrish Peede Alternate: Jan-Christopher Horak Member: Grover Crisp Acting Chair Alternate: Gregory Barnes National Endowment for Department of Film and Television of the Humanities the Tisch School of the Arts at New Member: Scott Martin Washington, D.C. York University Alternate: Schawn Belston Member: Antonia Lant Member: Alfre Woodard Gregory Barz Alternate: Dan Streible President Alternate: Caroline Frick Society for Ethnomusicology Directors Guild of America Member: Bruce Goldstein Nashville, Tennessee Member: Martin Scorsese Alternate: Charles Ramirez Berg Alternate: Christopher Nolan Dorothy Noyes Member: Leonard Maltin President Motion Picture Association of America Alternate: Jacqueline Stewart American Folklore Society Member: Sen. Columbus, Ohio Alternate: Vacant Pro Bono Counsel Eric Schwartz Elizabeth Peterson National Association of Theater Owners Mitchell Silberberg & Knupp LLP Director Member: Ted Pedas American Folklife Center Alternate: Patrick Corcoran Library of Congress National Film Preservation Washington, D.C. National Society of Film Critics Foundation Board of Directors Member: David Kehr Cecilia DeMille Presley Alternate: David Sterritt Trustee, National Film Preservation Board Cecil B. DeMille Foundation Academy of Motion Picture Arts Screen Actors Guild-American and Sciences Federation of Television and Radio Grover Crisp Member: John Bailey Artists (SAG-AFTRA) Executive Vice President, Alternate: Stephanie Allain Member: Richard Masur Asset Management, Film Restoration Alternate: Valerie Yaros & Digital Mastering Alliance of Motion Picture and Sony Pictures Entertainment Television Producers Society for Cinema and Media Studies Member: Carol Lombardini Member: Matthew Bernstein Hawk Koch Alternate: Tracy Cahill Alternate: Jennifer Horne

American Film Institute Society of Composers and Lyricists Leonard Maltin Member: John Ptak Member: Alan Bergman Film critic/historian Alternate: Tim Lanza Alternate: Ashley Irwin Scott M. Martin American Society of United States Members of the Executive Vice President, Cinematographers and International International Federation of Intellectual Property Photographers Guild Film Archives Paramount Pictures Member: Caleb Deschanel Member: Susan Oxtoby Alternate: Bradford Young Alternate: Rajendra Roy Deborah Nadoolman Landis Film costume designer/ Association of Moving Image Archivists University Film and Video Association professor/author Member: Tom Regal Member: Ben Levin Alternate: Wendy Shay Alternate: Simon Tarr

68 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS John Ptak American Society of Composers, Society for Ethnomusicology Arsenal Agency Authors and Publishers Member: Jonathan Kertzer Member: Loretta Muñoz Alternate: Alan Burdette Robert G. Rehme Alternate: Lauren Iossa President, Songwriters Hall of Fame Rehme Productions Association for Recorded Member: Linda Moran Sound Collections Alternate: Robbin Ahrold Eric J. Schwartz Member: David Seubert Mitchell, Silberberg & Knupp LLP Alternate: Bill Klinger At-Large Member: Michael J. Feinstein Martin Scorsese Audio Engineering Society Alternate: Guthrie Ramsey Filmmaker and President, Member: George Massenburg The Film Foundation Alternate: Elizabeth Cohen Member: Mickey Hart Alternate: Christopher Sterling Paula Wagner Broadcast Music, Incorporated Film producer, Member: Michael O’Neill Member: Brenda Nelson-Strauss Chestnut Ridge Productions Alternate: Charles Feldman Alternate: Eileen Hayes

Alfre Woodard Country Music Foundation Member: Bob Santelli Actress, producer Member: Kyle Young Alternate: Al Pryor Alternate: Alan Stoker Ex Officio Member: Eric Schwartz Carla Hayden Digital Media Association Alternate: John Simson Librarian of Congress Member: Gregory Alan Barnes Alternate: Lee Knife Foundation Staff National Recording Preservation Jeff Lambert Foundation Board Music Library Association T-Bone Burnett Executive Director Member: James Farrington Musician, producer Alternate: Maristella Feustle Rebecca Payne Collins George Massenburg Office Manager National Academy of Recording Arts Producer, engineer, educator and Sciences David Wells Member: Dana Tomarken Davia Nelson Programs Manager Alternate: Maureen Droney Radio producer, NPR’s Kitchen Sisters Ihsan Amanatullah National Archives and Records Jonathan Poneman Assistant Programs Manager Administration Co-founder, Sub Pop Records Member: Daniel Rooney National Recording Alternate: Tom Nastick Bob Santelli Preservation Board Executive Director, Grammy Museum American Federation of Musicians Music Business Association Member: Billy Linneman Member: Jim Donio Ex Officio Alternate: vacant Alternate: Paul Jessop Carla Hayden Librarian of Congress American Folklore Society Recording Industry Association Member: Burt Feintuch of America Kenneth Silverman Alternate: Timothy Lloyd Member: David Hughes Of Counsel Alternate: Patrick Kraus American Musicological Society Foundation Staff Member: Judy Tsou SESAC Gerald Seligman Alternate: Patrick Warfield Member: Ellen Truly Executive Director Alternate: vacant

APPENDIX A. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS ADVISORY BODIES 69 APPENDIX B. SELECTED ACQUISITIONS

The African and Middle Eastern The European Division acquired interested in the roots of civil rights Division acquired the African Islamic the electronic archive of France’s with valuable access to the history of Manuscript Collection of Theodore newspaper of record, Le Monde, from American civil liberties. Dwight, a collection that documents its inception in December 1944 to Oct. the crucial link between Muslim 12, 1987. The division also acquired The Law Library acquired early legal communities of Western Africa and the ADT Arcanum Digitheca, an electronic Americana, including documents by communities of slaves who continued database of about 12 million pages of Abraham Lincoln and John Adams, a to practice their Islamic faith after Hungarian newspapers, magazines, collection of 18th-century legal works from Mexico, a collection of Ottoman being taken to the U.S. The division scholarly journals, official gazettes, manuscripts from the 17th to 19th also acquired a Torah Scroll Sheet encyclopedias, genealogical works, centuries and early American statutory of Exodus, a 10th- or 11th-century sources for World War I and series printing from Massachusetts, Illinois manuscript that represents the oldest published by the Hungarian Academy and South Carolina. It also acquired known Hebrew scroll sheet containing of Sciences. extremely scarce incunabula and the Masoretic (“authoritative”) version The Geography and Map Division medieval manuscripts. of one of the foundational texts of acquired the Codex Quetzalecatzin, Western culture, the story of the a unique Mesoamerican codex that The Manuscript Division acquired exodus from Egypt. represents an important addition a rare family archive of historical to the Library’s early American personal papers, only recently known The American Folklife Center acquired treasures because of its relevance to to be extant, focusing on the family life the Diane Wolkstein papers, materials the early history of European contact and properties of President Martin Van comprising the professional archive of with the indigenous peoples of the Buren, his brother Lawrence and their the storyteller who adapted folktales Americas. The division also acquired descendants. The division also acquired from many cultures for performance an extraordinary collection of 24 several small lots of papers relating and for her publications for adults manuscript Mexican maps and views to the family of Alexander Hamilton. and children. The center also received ranging in date from 1641 to 1924 and The Charles Herzfeld Papers, also the Mintzi Auanda Martinez-Rivera an 1847 sheepskin manuscript plat of acquired by the division, are one of collection documenting Mexican Salt Lake City that served as the master the first manuscript collections at the wedding traditions. plan for the first Mormon settlement in Library to document the history of the the American West. internet. Other collections acquired The Asian Division acquired the include those of Pulitzer Prize-winning China Statistical Yearbooks, containing The Humanities and Social Sciences humorist, playwright and political extensive statistical data published by Division acquired the Digital National commentator Art Buchwald and the Chinese government, including Security Archive, an electronic novelist Alex Haley. census data and other economic, social database that unlocks a vast trove and environmental topics. The division of important declassified U.S. The Music Division acquired the also acquired a Tibetan collection government documents. The division holograph manuscript score of containing 34,228 major texts of also acquired the International Rachmaninoff’s Symphonic Dances, Op. the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Herald Tribune Historical Archive 45, Version for two pianos; music Buddhism; a database that provides 1887-2013, an online, searchable holograph manuscripts of Mendelssohn informative reports on political, archive that delivers the full run of and Liszt; and holograph letters of economic, military, cultural and social this internationally focused daily Puccini. The division also acquired condition and development both in paper, from its first issue into 2013. In the Paul F. Stiga collection of stage mainland China and Taiwan; and the addition, the division acquired Making and costume design, the Prairie Home Collection of Korean Anthologies, of Modern Law: American Civil Liberties Companion collection of musical scores which collects 3,500 writers’ Union Papers, 1912-1990, a digital and the papers of Billy Strayhorn—a anthologies related to Korea. collection that provides researchers tremendous resource for scholars

70 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS wishing to study the collaboration of two great jazz musicians of the 20th century, Strayhorn and Duke Ellington.

The Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division acquired almost 4,000 audio-visual elements used in the broadcast of the Kennedy Center Honors, as well as the scrapbooks of comedian and actor Jerry Lewis, recordings of interviews made by journalist Howard Smith, the Sports Byline collection of interviews of sports figures, and the Firesign Theatre collection of sound and video recordings made by the comedy troupe. For the American Archive of Public Broadcasting, the division acquired digital master copies of interviews of prominent persons for the American Masters series, Eyes on the Prize and Ken Burns’ The Civil War.

The Prints and Photographs Division and the Smithsonian’s National The Codex Quetzalecatzin, one of the very few Mesoamerican manuscripts to survive from the Museum of African American 16th century. Geography and Map Division History and Culture jointly purchased an album of 44 rare photographs, 1599. The division also acquired three The Olio, a Georgetown newspaper including a previously unrecorded extremely rare 15th-century imprints, that documented the establishment portrait of abolitionist Harriet Tubman two of which are the only copies of Washington, D.C., as the nation’s and the only known photograph of available to scholars in North America; capital; the Gazette of the United John Willis Menard, the first African- Lawrence Furlong’s The American Coast States, from 1795 in Philadelphia; American man elected to Congress. Pilot, the first edition of the first book of and special issues relating to the The division also acquired, by gift, sailing directions compiled and printed assassination of President Abraham the archive of 575,000 high-quality in the U.S.; the first printed Christmas Lincoln published by the New York images by Bob Adelman, one of the card (“A Merry Christmas and a Happy Times and the Herald Extra. Through best-known photographers of the civil New Year to You”), printed in London gift, the division acquired two bound rights movement of the 1960s. Another in 1843; the Archive of Smokey Bear, newspaper volumes of the Oak Ridge significant gift was the David R. Phillips documenting the work of the artists Journal of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, collection of historical photography who helped launch the Smokey Bear during the development there of the consisting of over 5,000 photographs. campaign; and an original pen-and- atomic bomb. ink drawing from the The Wizard of Oz The Rare Book and Special Collections children’s books. The Veterans History Project received a Division acquired Ratio atque Institutio total of 4,335 collections documenting Studiorum, the official plan for Jesuit The Serial and Government the wartime experiences of individual education that standardized the globally Publications Division purchased American military veterans. influential system of Jesuit education in several sets of newspapers, including

APPENDIX B. SELECTED ACQUISITIONS 71 APPENDIX C. EXHIBITIONS

Library of Congress exhibitions Baseball’s Greatest Hits: can be viewed online at The Music of Our National Game loc.gov/exhibits Feb. 9, 2017–ongoing This exhibition features baseball sheet New Exhibitions music from the collections of the Library’s Echoes of the Great War: American Experiences of Music Division. Most of these works are World War I original copyright deposits and represent April 4, 2017–January 2019 only a small fraction of the more than Echoes of the Great 400 published songs about baseball in War examines the the division’s custody. They illustrate the upheaval of world remarkable congruence between the war as Americans evolution of the sport from before the confronted it, both Civil War to the present and the musical counterparts that at home and abroad. The exhibition considers the debates have chronicled baseball’s greatest moments in song. and struggles that surrounded U.S. engagement; explores U.S. military and home-front mobilization and the immensity of industrialized warfare; and touches on the war’s effects, as Continuing Exhibitions an international peace settlement was negotiated, national Exploring the Early Americas: borders were redrawn and soldiers returned to reintegrate The Jay I. Kislak Collection into American society. This exhibition features selections from more than 3,000 Drawing Justice: The Art of Courtroom Illustration rare maps, documents, April 27, 2017–Jan. 31, 2018 paintings, prints and This exhibition artifacts that comprise showcased the the Jay I. Kislak Library’s extensive Collection at the Library of Congress. The exhibition collections of offers insight into Native American cultures, the dramatic original art first encounters between Native Americans and European by talented artists hired by both newspapers and television explorers and settlers and the pivotal changes caused by the broadcasters to capture the personal dynamics of legal trials. meeting of the American and European worlds. The Kislak Skilled at quickly conveying both individual likenesses and the exhibition features two extraordinary maps by Martin atmosphere of the courtroom, these artists created drawings Waldseemüller—a 1507 world map that uses the word that provide insight into the drama and impact of events in “America” for the first time and a marine chart made in American law during the past 50 years. 1516 that depicts a European view of the world enlarged by the presence of the Western Hemisphere.

Thomas Jefferson’s Library When Thomas Jefferson sold his personal library to Congress in 1815 to replace volumes destroyed in a fire set by the British during the War of 1812, it was the largest private book collection in North America. In this reconstruction of Jefferson’s library, the books have been arranged in his modified version of the organizational

72 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS system created by British philosopher Francis Bacon. Divided Gershwin Gallery into categories of Memory, Reason and Imagination—which The Gershwin Gallery in the Jefferson translated to “History,” “Philosophy” and “Fine Thomas Jefferson Building is Arts”—the collection demonstrates the span of Jefferson’s dedicated to displaying selected multifaceted interests, which continue to inform the Library’s items from the Library’s collecting strategy. Gershwin Collection, the world’s pre-eminent resource for the documentary legacy of George and Ira Gershwin. Rare Mapping a Growing Nation: objects from the Gershwin Collection, which is housed in the from Independence to Statehood Library’s Music Division, are periodically rotated into the Abel Buell’s New and Correct continuing exhibition Here to Stay: The Legacy of George and Ira Map of the United States of North Gershwin. Among the items on view in the exhibition are the America is the first map of the Porgy and Bess printed vocal piano score used and annotated by newly independent United States Rosamond Johnson, who was in the original cast in 1935; rare compiled, printed and published snapshots of George Gershwin; and Ira Gershwin’s drafts of by an American. This some of his most famous song lyrics. important early American map is known to exist in only seven copies. Philanthropist David M. Rubenstein generously placed his copy of the map at the Graphic Arts Galleries Library, supported its digitization to make it available for The Library’s three Graphic research purposes and funded this exhibition in the Thomas Arts Galleries in the Thomas Jefferson Building. Jefferson Building feature cartoon collections and offer visitors a rich sampling of caricatures, comic Art and Architecture of the Thomas Jefferson Building strips, political drawings, artwork created for magazines and Visitors can experience the graphic-novel illustrations. Thomas Jefferson Building’s 19th-century architecture and its The Herblock Gallery celebrates the work of editorial elaborately decorated interior, cartoonist Herbert L. Block (who signed his work “Herblock”) embellished by works of art by with an ongoing display of 10 original drawings, selected nearly 50 American artists. from the Library’s extensive Herbert L. Block Collection.

The Swann Gallery introduces visitors to the quality and Bob Hope Gallery of American Entertainment variety of the Library’s cartoon collections through a The Bob Hope Gallery of permanent memorial exhibition featuring 15 facsimiles of American Entertainment features seminal cartoons. The diverse selection includes caricatures, items from the Library’s Bob political cartoons, comics, animation art, graphic novels and Hope Collection, objects from illustrations that reflect the Library’s rich cartoon holdings. the rich and varied collections of various Library divisions and A third gallery offers a changing exhibition program that objects borrowed from the Bob Hope Archives, located showcases the graphic arts collections in the Prints and in Los Angeles. On display in the gallery, Hope for America: Photographs Division. Performers, Politics and Pop Culture examines the interplay of politics and entertainment in American public life. An introductory video and interactive exhibit stations that display film and television clips, along with sound recordings, enliven the gallery experience.

APPENDIX C. EXHIBITIONS 73 APPENDIX D. PUBLICATIONS

Books American Libraries 1730–1950 by America and the Great War: A Library of Kenneth Breisch. American Libraries Congress Illustrated History by Margaret provides a history and panorama of E. Wagner is the companion volume these much-loved structures, inside and to a major Library of Congress out, encompassing the small personal exhibition, Echoes of the Great War: collection, the vast university library American Experiences of World War I, and and everything in between. Through commemorates the centennial of the 500 photographs and plans selected U.S. entry into the war. Chronicling from the encyclopedic collections of the United States in neutrality and in the Library of Congress, Breisch traces the development conflict, it includes many eyewitness accounts and more than of libraries in the United States, from roots in such iconic 250 color and black-and-white images, many never before examples as the British Library and Paris’ Bibliothèque-Ste.- published. (In association with Bloomsbury Press) Geneviève to institutions imbued with their own American mythology. (In association with W.W. Norton) The Card Catalog: Books, Cards, and Literary Treasures. Featuring more than 200 Fabriano: City of Medieval and Renaissance images of original catalog cards, rare Papermaking by Sylvia Rodgers edition book covers and photographs, Albro explores how the Arab art of The Card Catalog highlights the brilliant papermaking by hand came to the catalog system that kept the world’s Italian peninsula in the 13th century largest library organized. (In association and analyzes the conditions that have with Chronicle Books) kept Fabriano’s papermaking industry successful since then. More than half of the book’s 230 Picturing America: The Golden Age of illustrations are from Library of Congress collections. (In Pictorial Maps by Stephen J. Hornsby. association with Oak Knoll Press) Drawing on the pictorial map collections at the Library of Congress, Journeys: Young Readers’ Letters to Picturing America is the first work of Authors Who Changed Their Lives edited its kind to examine this bold art by Catherine Gourley. Selected form, emblemized by renderings of from the Library’s Letters About skyscraper cities, enormous industrial Literature contest, the 52 letters in factories, streamlined trains, airplanes this collection—written by students and automobiles—all depicted with the verve of comic books, in grades four through 12—reveal Hollywood movies and art deco design. (In association with how deeply books and poetry affect University of Chicago Press) the lives of readers. This collection provides a glimpse into young people’s lives and their connections to the written word. (In association with Candlewick Press)

74 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS Puzzles

Sea Anemones, Art Forms in Nature Hummingbirds, Art Forms in Nature An Ancient Mappe of Fairyland: (Pomegranate Communications) (Pomegranate Communications) Newly Discovered and Set Forth (Pomegranate Communications)

Calendars

Haeckel Art Forms in The Wizard of Oz 2018 Nature 2018 coloring calendar (Pomegranate (Pomegranate Canadian Travel U.S. Travel Posters 2018 Communications) Communications) Posters 2018 (Cavallini) (Cavallini)

Sticker Books

Ernst Haeckel: Art Forms in Nature (Pomegranate Communications)

APPENDIX D. PUBLICATIONS 75 APPENDIX E. THE LIBRARY IN THE NEWS

Throughout the year, the Library of metro section in July also ran a cover Morning Edition and Time magazine, Congress received extensive news story on the digitization and posting among many others. coverage in major newspapers, online of the Polish Declarations of The Washington Post metro section broadcasts and social media. These Admiration and Friendship for the also featured four cover stories on items stories—appearing locally, nationally United States, a unique birthday card from the Library’s World War I-related and internationally—garnered to America from 1926. billions of positive media impressions collections leading up to the April opening of the major exhibition Echoes for the institution. In April, the Library announced a of the Great War: American Experiences of groundbreaking partnership with Two major profiles of the Library—on World War I, which was also covered by the Smithsonian National Museum the Today show and Great Big Story, USA Today, , National of African American History both in April—were among highlights Geographic and local outlets. and Culture to jointly purchase a of media coverage of the institution in previously unrecorded photo of Other exhibitions receiving coverage fiscal 2017. Both broadcasts featured Harriet Tubman as part of an album this year included the opening of the Library’s history and work, from of 44 rare photographs. The Los Drawing Justice, an exhibit of courtroom conservation and digitization to illustrations. The support for Congress and unique and Angeles Times, and ran an arts section cover story on the historic collections. The Washington Post were among outlets covering the news. exhibit Opera Before Instagram ahead of Throughout the year, the Library’s its opening at the Walt Disney Concert collections were a source of news. The Library in August announced that Hall exhibition space in April. The Washington Post in February the papers of Alexander Hamilton Other major stories featuring ran a metro section cover story on had been digitized and made available collections and preservation work “love letters from history” based on online. The announcement was included a profile of the Library’s the Library’s collections. The Post covered by Good Morning America, NPR’s audio-visual preservation work by Great Big Story; a CBS News Radio story on The Osgood File about a collection of National Press Club speeches newly available online; and coverage of the newly digitized papers of Sigmund Freud in The Washington Post, Quartz and other outlets.

A new book from the Library’s Publishing Office,The Card Catalog, resulted in stories throughout the year, including on NPR’s Morning Edition and a Q&A with Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden in Book Review.

The announcement in June of the selection of Tracy K. Smith as the next Poet Laureate was covered by the New York Times, The Washington Post, Harry Smith of NBC News (center) examines treasures in the Conservation Division with Librarian PBS NewsHour and Essence magazine, of Congress Carla Hayden and the division’s chief, Elmer Eusman. Shawn Miller among other outlets. CBS This Morning

76 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS hosted Smith in a joint appearance Other popular programs were covered to the event, from The Washington with Hayden in late July. extensively as in previous years, Post to C-SPAN’s Book TV to Delta including the Gershwin Prize for Sky Magazine and an interview with In addition to appearances supporting Popular Song, the National Film and Hayden on EWTN on The World Library programs, the Librarian of Recording registries and the National Over with Raymond Arroyo. Other Congress continued to generate much Book Festival. The Free Press local outlets covering the event media interest herself during her ran a cover story on Gershwin Prize included NBC4, KidFriendlyDC, The first year and took advantage of the recipient Smokey Robinson when he Georgetowner and The Hill. was presented the honor in November, opportunity to talk about the institution The Library’s new approach to events one of about 1,400 articles about the and its work with a range of outlets. garnered extensive coverage of these prize. Other coverage included USA Interviews and profiles of Hayden opportunities for visitors. Pop-up Today, CBS Evening News and PBS were featured in the New York Times exhibitions and related programming, NewsHour, which produced a profile it Magazine, The New Yorker, School an outdoor summer film series and a aired in early February ahead of the Library Journal, , weeklong series of disco-themed events broadcast on PBS. The December in May resulted in extensive local WUSA, WAMU’s Kojo Nnamdi Show announcement of the Film Registry coverage in outlets such as WTOP, and Mental Floss. Library Journal placed resulted in about 1,300 articles, WJLA, Washingtonian, The Hill is her on its cover in October. C-SPAN including coverage by the Los Angeles Home, DCist, GW Hatchet, , ran a special panel conversation Times, USA Today, Entertainment Curbed DC, WETA and more. called Caretakers of America’s Treasures Weekly and NPR, among many other with Hayden, Archivist of the United outlets. And the National Recording The announcement of the Library’s States David Ferriero and Secretary Registry announcement in March new WebComics and WebArchives of the Smithsonian David Skorton in generated nearly 900 stories, including collections coinciding with a comic- December. Washingtonian magazine coverage by PBS NewsHour, the themed pop-up exhibition was covered featured a profile of her in its December Associated Press, the New York Times in outlets such as , The and the CBS Evening News, among issue and included her in its 100 Tech Washington Post, USA Today many others. and Gizmodo. Titans list in May. In September, Time magazine released a special issue and The National Book Festival streamed Gloria Gaynor’s appearance as part of corresponding book of “Female Firsts,” live the entire Main Stage lineup the disco events was covered nationally including Hayden as the first female and garnered extensive coverage by NPR, PBS NewsHour and the New Librarian of Congress. throughout the weeks leading up York Times.

APPENDIX E. THE LIBRARY IN THE NEWS 77 APPENDIX F. STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 1. Library of Congress Appropriations Available for Obligation—Fiscal 20171 Library of Congress, Salaries and Expenses $457,017,000 Congressional Research Service 107,945,234 Copyright Office 68,825,000 Books for the Blind and Physically Handicapped 50,248,000 Total $684,035,234 1 The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017 (Public Law 115-31), signed by the President on May 5, 2017, provided an appropriation for the Library of $684.035 million, including authority to spend up to $52.1 million in offsetting collections and prior-year unobligated balances. The Library operated under the following three continuing resolutions from Oct. 1, 2016: PL-114-223 (10/01/2016–12/9/2016), PL-114-254 (12/10/2016– 4/28/2017), PL-115-30 (4/29/2017–5/5/2017).

Table 2. Library of Congress Appropriations Base Funding—Fiscal 20181 Library of Congress, Salaries and Expenses $449,901,817 Congressional Research Service 107,212,178 Copyright Office 62,220,570 Books for the Blind and Physically Handicapped 49,906,761 Total $669,241,326 1 The Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018, and Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Requirements Act, 2017, (Public Law 115-56), signed by the President on Sept. 8, 2017, provided funding for the Library through December 8, 2017 at the fiscal 2017 level net a rate of operation decrease of 0.6791%. This includes authority to spend up to $45.6 million in offsetting collections.

78 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS Table 3. Financial Statistics: Summary Statement The independent firm of Kearney & total $579.4 million and $551.5 fiscal years ended Sept. 30, 2017 and Company was retained by the Office million, respectively. 2016, respectively. of the Inspector General to audit the Library of Congress fiscal 2017 ■■ The Condensed Statements of ■■ The Condensed Statements of financial statements. Net Costs provide users with Budgetary Resources provide information about the net costs for users with information about how A condensed, unaudited version of the the Library’s five programs. Net budgetary resources were made Library of Congress statements for fiscal costs include allocated management- available as well as their status at 2017 and fiscal 2016 follows, including support costs. For the fiscal years the end of the fiscal year. For the the four principal financial statements: ended Sept. 30, 2017 and 2016, fiscal years ended Sept. 30, 2017 the Condensed Balance Sheets, the the net cost of the Library’s five and 2016, the Library’s budgetary Condensed Statements of Net Costs, programs was $709.4 million and resources were $947.7 million and the Condensed Statements of Changes $697.4 million, respectively. $857.2 million, respectively. in Net Position and the Condensed Statements of Budgetary Resources. ■■ The Condensed Statements of The Library's audited financial Changes in Net Position provide users statements (including financial ■■ The Condensed Balance Sheets with information about the Library’s statement notes and auditor’s report) provide users with information financing sources and the components can be found at loc.gov/about/reports- about the Library’s assets, liabilities of the changes in net position. The and-budgets/financial-reports/. and net position. The Library’s Library’s financing sources totaled assets as of Sept. 30, 2017 and 2016 $727.8 million and $716.2 million for

THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Condensed Balance Sheets (Unaudited) As of Sept. 30, 2017 and 2016 (Dollars in Thousands) 2017 2016 Assets Intragovernmental Assets $376,820 $362,326 Pledges Receivable-Donations 7,312 8,036 Investments 140,942 128,241 Property and Equipment, Net 50,580 49,557 Other Assets 3,765 3,330 Total Assets $579,419 $551,490 Liabilities Intragovernmental liabilities $43,729 $50,793 Accounts Payable and Accrued Funded Payroll, Benefits 49,424 56,582 Deposit Account Liability 8,423 7,388 Accrued Unfunded Liabilities 32,798 33,249 Other Liabilities 5,623 4,714 Total Liabilities $139,997 $152,726 Net Position Unexpended Appropriations $181,264 $159,066 Cumulative Results of Operations 258,158 239,698 Total Net Position $439,422 $398,764 Total Liabilities and Net Position $579,419 $551,490

APPENDIX F. STATISTICAL TABLES 79 THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Condensed Statements of Net Costs (Unaudited) For the Fiscal Years Ended Sept. 30, 2017 and 2016 (Dollars in Thousands) Net Costs by Program Area: 2017 2016 Library Services $361,247 $364,168 National and International Outreach 119,958 117,148 Law Library 33,877 30,773 Copyright Office 42,152 38,875 Congressional Research Service 152,120 146,414 National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped 0 0 Revolving and Reimbursable Funds 0 0 Net Costs of Operations $709,354 $697,378

THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Condensed Statements of Changes in Net Position (Unaudited) For the Fiscal Years Ended Sept. 30, 2017 and 2016 (Dollars in Thousands) 2017 2016 Consolidated Consolidated Total Total Cumulative Results of Operations: Beginning Balances $239,698 $220,904 Budgetary Financing Sources Appropriations Used 604,734 595,095 Donations-Cash or securities 5,700 9,639 Realized Gains on Investments and Other 14,206 3,341 Other Financing Sources (Non-Exchange) Donations-Property and Services 983 1,078 Imputed Financing 98,092 99,687 Unrealized Gains on Investments and Other 4,099 7,332 Total Financing Sources 727,814 716,172 Net Cost of Operations (709,354) (697,378) Cumulative Results of Operations, Ending $258,158 $239,698 Unexpended Appropriations: Beginning Balances $159,066 $161,729 Budgetary Financing Resources Appropriations Received 631,958 599,912 Appropriation Transferred and Other Adjustments (5,026) (7,480) Appropriations Used (604,734) (595,095) Total Budgetary Financing Sources 22,198 (2,663) Unexpended Appropriations, Ending 181,264 159,066 Net Position, Ending $439,422 $398,764

80 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Condensed Statements of Budgetary Resources (Unaudited) For the Fiscal Years Ended Sept. 30, 2017 and 2016 (Dollars in Thousands) 2017 2016 Budgetary Resources Unobligated Balances, Brought Forward, Oct. 1 $107,310 $93,817 Recoveries of Prior Year Obligations 25,393 14,667 Budgetary Authority Appropriation 687,075 617,222 Spending Authority from Offsetting Collections 122,028 133,021 Other 5,901 (1,493) Total Budgetary Resources $947,707 $857,234 Status of Budgetary Resources Obligations Incurred $838,002 $749,924 Unobligated Balance 109,705 107,310 Total Status of Budgetary Resources $947,707 $857,234 Change in Obligated Balance: Total Net Unpaid Obligated Balance, Brought Forward, Oct. 1 $223,186 $218,101 Obligations Incurred (net) 838,002 749,924 Less: Outlays, Recoveries and Change in Uncollected Payments (821,714) (744,839) Total Unpaid Obligated Balance, Net, End of Period $239,474 $223,186 Net Outlays: Gross Outlays $798,348 $735,175 Less: Offsetting Collection and offsetting receipts (135,253) (144,335) Net Outlays $663,095 $590,840

APPENDIX F. STATISTICAL TABLES 81 Table 4. Additions to the Collections—Items Print Collections Added Withdrawn Total FY17 Classified Collections Class A (General Works) 2,377 1 464,616 Class B-BJ (Philosophy) 16,065 855 455,792 Class BL-BX (Religion) 13,727 8,394 1,043,867 Class C (History, Auxiliary Sciences) 5,831 11 329,058 Class D (History except American) 27,668 3,254 1,859,158 Class E (American History) 9,880 0 348,398 Class F (American History) 6,801 787 584,254 Class G (Geography, Anthropology) 14,527 75 794,969 Class H (Social Sciences) 32,810 12,021 3,575,965 Class J (Political Science) 1,762 4,534 931,343 Class K and LAW (Law) 32,900 0 2,957,070 Class L (Education) 4,613 12,014 628,084 Class M (Music) 10,512 0 864,674 Class N (Fine Arts) 10,471 45 820,335 Class P (Language and Literature) 56,096 9,412 3,582,692 Class Q (Science) 8,507 17,265 1,408,844 Class R (Medicine) 5,745 2,735 633,127 Class S (Agriculture) 2,317 7,650 488,289 Class T (Technology) 8,664 30,702 1,527,799 Class U (Military Science) 1,589 1 248,635 Class V (Naval Science) 370 1 118,889 Class Z (Bibliography) 3,286 0 690,591 Total Classified Collections 276,518 109,757 24,356,449 Other Print Materials or Products Books in Large Type 0 0 8,684 Books in Raised Characters 0 0 81,539 Incunabula 0 0 5,711 Minimal-Level Cataloging (Monographs and Serials) 20,575 0 1,234,577 Newspapers (Bound) 3 0 37,957 Pamphlets 65 199 272,052 Technical Reports 5,879 0 1,851,561 Other 247,397 0 11,441,718 Total Other Print Materials 273,919 199 14,933,799 Total Print Collections 550,437 109,956 39,290,248

82 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS (Table 4 continued) Other Collections Audio Materials 38,9261 12,674 3,627,777 Talking Books2 0 0 69,048 Manuscripts 1,375,7433 2 72,061,060 Maps 5,0804 0 5,586,836 Microforms 66,343 0 17,219,510 Music 15,220 9,240 8,195,320 Visual Materials Moving Images 35,7815 18,285 1,826,847 Photographs (negatives, prints and slides) 606,881 0 14,897,266 Posters 990 0 108,815 Prints and Drawings 4,070 0 677,215 Other (broadsides, photocopies, nonpictorial material, etc.) 6,541 0 1,424,708 Machine-Readable Material 41,7646 0 2,016,088 Total Other Collections 2,197,339 40,201 127,710,490 Total (items) 2,747,776 150,157 167,000,738 1 Includes 5,679 born-digital sound recordings. 2 Not counted in general category of audio materials. 3 Does not include 224 gigabytes of born-digital materials. 4 Includes 14 electronic data files of maps. Does not include images produced by digitizing maps in the Library’s collections. 5 Includes 11,127 born-digital items. 6 Includes 37,599 digital files donated to the Asian Division and seven web archives of comic books.

APPENDIX F. STATISTICAL TABLES 83 Table 5. Additions to the Collections­—Titles Print Collections Added Withdrawn Total FY16 Total FY17 Classified Collections 0 Class A (General Works) 2,377 109,255 111,632 Class B-BJ (Philosophy) 16,065 0 283,437 299,502 Class BL-BX (Religion) 13,727 0 770,012 783,739 Class C (History, Auxiliary Sciences) 5,269 0 164,011 169,280 Class D (History except American) 27,547 0 1,291,095 1,318,642 Class E (American History) 4,940 0 170,823 175,763 Class F (American History) 4,690 0 333,344 338,034 Class G (Geography, Anthropology) 14,527 0 707,514 722,041 Class H (Social Sciences) 28,243 0 1,899,369 1,927,612 Class J (Political Science) 1,167 0 369,283 370,450 Class K and LAW (Law) 30,300 0 975,489 1,005,789 Class L (Education) 4,613 0 336,965 341,578 Class M (Music) 10,512 0 562,376 572,888 Class N (Fine Arts) 10,471 0 532,630 543,101 Class P (Language and Literature) 56,096 0 2,938,960 2,995,056 Class Q (Science) 8,507 0 803,500 812,007 Class R (Medicine) 5,745 0 394,191 399,936 Class S (Agriculture) 2,317 0 248,534 250,851 Class T (Technology) 8,664 0 847,593 856,257 Class U (Military Science) 1,589 0 106,621 108,210 Class V (Naval Science) 370 0 44,356 44,726 Class Z (Bibliography) 1,643 0 261,355 262,998 Total Classified Collections 259,379 0 14,150,713 14,410,092

Table 6. Unprocessed Arrearages Total Items in Arrearage1 FY17 FY16 Change Percentage Change Manuscripts 21,146,537 17,685,373 3,461,164 19.57 Moving Images 564,957 354,687 210,270 59.28 Music 1,979,377 2,914,306 (934,929) –32.08 Sound Recordings 1,051,030 1,039,407 11,623 1.12 Pictorial Material1 5,070,121 — — — Total 29,812,022 21,993,773 7,818,249 35.55 1 Pictorial material was not considered an arrearage prior to fiscal 2017.

84 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS Table 7. Cataloging Production FY17 FY16 FY15 New Full-Level Catalog Records 209,216 156,012 183,979 Cooperative New Titles Fully Cataloged 91,376 74,416 75,265 Minimal-Level Cataloging Titles 75,976 55,609 11,398 Copy Cataloging 85,623 69,707 74,940 Collection-Level Cataloging 1,395 1,260 1,660 New Works Cataloged 389,040 424,053 268,250 Name and Series Authorities Established 72,991 78,612 84,659 Cooperative Name and Series Authorities Established 204,254 208,444 211,807 Subject Headings Established 1,630 1,366 3,474 Cooperative Subject Headings Established 2,086 1,718 1,460 Books Received for Processing in the Acquisitions and 2,143,020 1,761,384 1,407,377 Bibliographic Access Directorate1 Books Completely Processed in the ABA Directorate2 1,681,579 1,095,305 728,226 1 Includes 294,126 physical items received from U.S. Copyright Office and 109,000 received through Cataloging in Publication Program. Does not include 109,757 additional service copies withdrawn from stacks. 2 Does not include 109,757 additional service copies withdrawn from stacks.

Table 8. MARC Records in the Library of Congress Database Category Total Net Increase Bibliographic1 18,091,251 610,760 Subject Authorities 426,122 3,716 Name and Series Authorities 9,949,401 282,117 Total Authority Records 10,375,523 285,833 Holdings 20,888,414 603,040 Total 49,355,188 1,499,633 1 As of fiscal 2017, the count of bibliographic records is no longer reported by format of material.

APPENDIX F. STATISTICAL TABLES 85 Table 9. Preservation Treatment Statistics Treatment Volumes Treated 6,441 Unbound Paper-Based Items Treated 24,542 Photographs Treated 4,671 Commercial Library Binding (volumes) 134,996 Mass Deacidification (volumes) 192,660 Mass Deacidification (sheets) 589,857 Housing/Rehousing Volumes Rehoused(formerly reported as Protective Boxes Constructed, 8,777 for Paper-Based Materials) Paper-Based Items Rehoused 6,564 Photographs Rehoused or Moved 18,040 Discs, Film (reels), Magnetic Tape (reels/cassettes) Cleaned/Packaged 13,841 Copying/Reformatting Preservation Photocopying (volumes) 431 volumes Paper-Based Materials Converted to Microfilm (pages)1 8,109,460 Paper-Based Materials Converted to Digital Format (sheets) 38,144 Audio Materials Converted to Digital Format (files) 9,542 Video Materials Converted to Digital Format (files) 24,272 Motion Picture Films Converted to Digital Format (reels) 1,542 Motion Picture Films Converted, Analog Film (reels) 353 General Preservation of the Collections Items Assessed 1,245,713 Items Surveyed, Paper-Based 19,440 Items Surveyed, Photographs 30,092 Items Surveyed, Other Formats 28 Pieces Labeled 14,931 1 Includes 2,264,386 pages microfilmed or microfiched in the Library’s overseas offices.

86 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS Table 10. Number of Copyright Registrations by Subject Matter, Fiscal 2017 Category of Material Published Unpublished Total Non-dramatic literary works: Monographs and computer-related works 112,727 40,239 152,966 Serials: Serials (non-group) 39,578 — 39,578 Group Daily Newspapers/Newsletters 3,030 — 3,030 Group Serials 6,902 — 6,902 Total literary works 162,237 40,239 202,476 Works of the performing arts, including musical works, dramatic works, 54,393 49,117 103,510 choreography and pantomimes, and motion pictures and filmstrips Works of the visual arts, including two-dimensional works of fine and graphic 51,717 34,749 86,466 art, sculptural works, technical drawings and models, photographs, cartographic works commercial prints and labels, and works of applied arts Sound recordings 17,750 41,497 59,247 Total basic registrations 286,097 165,602 451,699 Renewals 396 — 396 Mask work registrations 27 — 27 Vessel hull design registrations 0 — 0 Grand total all registrations 452,122 Preregistrations 771 Documents Recorded 14,644

APPENDIX F. STATISTICAL TABLES 87 Table 11. U.S. Copyright Office Business Summary: Fee Receipts & Interest, Fiscal 2017 Fees Receipts Recorded1 Copyright Registration $27,792,765 Registration Special Handling/Expedited Services 2,089,605 Renewal Registration 16,803 Vessel Hull Design Registration 13,210 Mask Works Registration 9,175 Subtotal $29,921,558 Notice of Intention (17 USC 115) $3,313,894 Recordation of Documents 2,438,591 Certifications 639,884 Recordation Special Handling/Expedited Services 430,490 Preregistrations 133,450 Designation of Agent (DMCA) 52,908 Other Services & Fees 49,328 Searches 27,954 Miscellaneous Licensing Fees 20,131 Subtotal $7,106,630 Total Receipts Recorded $37,028,188 Investment Earnings 40,993 Reconciling Transactions2 (18,944) Refunds (4,095) Fee Receipts and Interest Applied to the Appropriation3 $37,046,142 1 “Receipts Recorded” are fee and interest receipts entered into the Copyright Office's systems as offsetting collections of the Copyright Office Basic appropriation. Receipts recorded does not include fee or interest receipts from remitters required to file statements of account with the Office under the statutory licensing provisions of the Copyright Act or fees to participate in proceedings of the Copyright Royalty Judges. 2 “Reconciling Transactions” include amounts pending association with an identified fee type, corrections, adjustments and pending deposit account corrections. 3 “Fee Receipts and Interest Applied to the Appropriation” are income from fees and deposit account interest that were fully cleared and deposited to the Copyright Office appropriation account within the fiscal year.

88 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS Table 12. Services to Individuals Who are Blind and Physically Handicapped Collection Audio titles added 14,510 Audio magazine issues added 828 Braille titles added 401 Braille magazine issues added 382 Titles available on BARD site 99,096 Music collection 25,488 Readership Digital cartridge 402,656 Digital download (from BARD) 54,362 Cassette 39,763 Braille 31,512 E-Braille (from BARD) 10,041 Large Print1 455,694 Readers abroad 436 Music 3,543 Miscellaneous2 80,423 Total reader accounts 1,078,430 Circulation Digital cartridge 14,869,307 Digital download (from BARD) 4,084,332 Cassette 214,529 Braille 289,369 E-Braille (from BARD) 163,190 Large print 1,202,302 Readers abroad 30,696 Music 31,444 Miscellaneous3 41,873 Total circulation 20,927,042 1 Numbers include Talking Book Topics and Braille Book Review subscriptions. 2 Miscellaneous includes formats such as NEWSLINE, descriptive videos and circulation of network-produced magazines. 3 Numbers include formats such as NEWSLINE, descriptive videos and network-produced items.

APPENDIX F. STATISTICAL TABLES 89 Table 13. Reference Services: Direct Reference Service In Person Correspondence Phone Web-based/email Total African and Middle 2,299 392 2,206 5,748 10,645 Eastern Division American Folklife Center/ 5,440 49 2,086 4,910 12,485 Veterans History Project Asian Division 3,568 0 546 2,705 6,819 Collections Access, Loan and 36 5 422 1,548 2,011 Management Division European Division 4,022 73 1,412 2,736 8,243 Geography and Map Division 23,124 0 605 1,267 24,996 Hispanic Division 9,093 153 4,238 9,413 22,897 Humanities and Social 29,517 85 2,686 13,962 46,250 Sciences Division Law Library 10,923 29 3,785 3,425 18,162 Manuscript Division 30,172 119 2,720 7,104 40,115 Motion Picture, Broadcasting and 2,005 14 2,539 10,583 15,141 Recorded Sound Division Music Division 2,766 12 942 3,193 6,913 Prints and Photographs 6,913 51 1,472 8,093 21,201 Division Rare Book and Special 1,895 51 1,230 5,536 8,712 Collections Division Science, Technology and 12,519 1,191 2,277 9,040 25,027 Business Division Serials and Government 47,740 34 4,150 11,752 63,676 Publications Division Total 196,704 2,258 33,316 101,015 333,293 Not included here are statistics for the U.S. Copyright Office, which answered 222,656 reference inquiries in fiscal 2017. Also not included here are statistics for the Congressional Research Service, which responded to approximately 529,101 requests from Members of Congress and congressional staff­—a figure that includes direct use of CRS reports. The congressional audience viewed research products on the CRS website more than 658,300 times.

90 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS Table 14. Circulation Items circulated for use within Reading Room the Library African and Middle Eastern Division 11,603 American Folklife Center/Veterans History Project 2,777 Asian Division 9,169 Collections Access, Loan and Management Division 200,627 European Division 35,538 Geography and Map Division 61,100 Hispanic Division 14,770 Humanities and Social Sciences Division 23,713 Law 17,962 Manuscript Division 67,309 Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division 6,315 Music Division 125,176 Prints and Photographs Division 268,914 Rare Book and Special Collections Division 10,737 Science, Technology and Business Division 5,878 Serial and Government Publications Division 79,311 Total items circulated for use within the Library 940,899 Items for use outside the Library 70,167 Total Items Circulated for use 1,011,066

Table 15. Cataloging Distribution Service: Financial Statistics, Fiscal 2017 Source of Income General $1,838,195 U.S. Government Libraries 34,810 Foreign Libraries 602,863 Total Gross Sales $2,475,868 Analysis of Total Income Cataloger’s Desktop 626,118 Classification Web 1,120,917 Miscellaneous Publications 0.00 Technical Publications 0.00 Total Gross Sales $2,475,868 Adjustments 0 Total Net Sales $2,475,868 Transfers Fees Transferred to Appropriation $2,475,868 Fees Transferred to Miscellaneous Receipts 0 Total Fees Transferred $2,475,868

APPENDIX F. STATISTICAL TABLES 91 Table 16. Human Resources: Library Permanent Employment by Service Unit Office of the Librarian 14 Includes Strategic Planning and Performance Management; Open World Leadership Center Office of Deputy Librarian for Institutional Advancement 26 Includes Development Office; EEO and Diversity Programs; General Counsel Office of Chief of Staff 30 Includes Congressional Relations Office; Special Events and Public Programs Office of Communications and External Relations 40 Includes Communications; Multimedia Group Office of the Chief Information Officer 240 Office of the Chief Operating Officer Includes Chief Financial Officer; Contracts and Grants Management; Human Resources Services; 250 Integrated Support Services; and Security and Emergency Preparedness Congressional Research Service 560 U.S. Copyright Office 420 Law Library 78 Library Services 1,186 National and International Outreach 251 Office of the Inspector General 10 Total Permanent Library Employees 3,105 Demographics Average Years of Library of Congress Service 16 Average Years of Federal Service 17 Average Age 50 Males 1,367 Females 1,738 American Indian/Alaska Native 11 Asian 264 Black/African-American 962 Hispanic/Latino 92 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 1 White 1,754 Two or More 21 Total Permanent Library Employees 3,105 Includes employees funded by appropriated and non-appropriated sources. The Library’s attrition rate for permanent employees was 6.54 percent in fiscal 2017.

Opposite: Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden welcomes 4-year-old Daliyah Marie Arana of Gainesville, Georgia, to the Great Hall as “librarian for the day.” Shawn Miller

92 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS

ISBN 978-0-8444-9577-4

101 Independence Ave, SE Washington, DC 20540 tel (202) 707-5000 loc.gov 9 780844 495774 2017 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS