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BIOCHEMISTRY KROK 2019 1. Enzymes Are Widely Used As Drugs

BIOCHEMISTRY KROK 2019 1. Enzymes Are Widely Used As Drugs

BIOCHEMISTRY KROK 2019

1. are widely used as drugs in pharmacy. What is the main difference that separates enzymes from non- 7. Intracellular of glycerol starts with its biologicalcatalysts? activation. What compound is formed in the fi- rst reaction +High specificity and selectivity of its conversion? High universality +α-glycerolophosphate Low universality Pyruvate High dispersion Lactate High homogeneity Choline Acetyl coenzyme A 2. Parents of a 10-year-old child have made an appointment with endocrinologist due to complaints of 8. The end of starch hydrolysis is: the child’s low height. The child’s appearance is +D-glucose corresponding with that of a 5-year-old. What hormone D-fructose causes such changes in physical development, if its Saccharose secretion is disrupted? Maltose +Somatotropic hormone D-galactose Adrenocorticotropic hormone Thyroxin 9. Accidental ingestion of death cap mushrooms containing Testosterone α-amanitin causes intoxication. What is inhibited Insulin with this toxine? +RNA polymerase II 3. A patient complains of tachycardia, insomnia, weight DNA polymerase loss, irritability, sweating. Objectively: the patient has DNA synthetase goiter and slight exophthalmos. What gland is affected, Peptidyl and what functional disorder is it? +Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism 10. An ophthalmologist has detected increased time of Hyperparathyroidism dark adaptation in a patient. What vitamin deficiency can Hypoparathyroidism result in such symptom? Adrenomedullary hyperfunction +A C 4. Purine ring biosynthesis occurs in ribose-5-phosphate by K gradual accumulation of nitrogen and carbon atoms and B1 closing the rings. The source of ribose phosphate is the B6 process of: +Pentose phosphate cycle 11. A 70-year-old patient presents with cardiac and Glycolysis cerebral atherosclerosis. Examination revealed changes of Glyconeogenesis blood lipid spectre. Increase of the following lipoproteins Gluconeogenesis plays a significant role in atherosclerosis pathogenesis: Glycogenolysis +Low-density lipoproteins Very low-density lipoproteins 5. What enzyme allows for synthesis of various from Intermediate density lipoproteins template-RNA to DNA in genetic engineering (this enzyme High-density lipoproteins catalyzes the process discovered in RNA-viruses)? Chylomicrons +Reverse transcriptase Exonuclease 12. A patient demonstrates milkywhite color of blood DNA- plasma due to high content of chylomicrons. Helicase Disintegration of triacylglycerol is disrupted. Deficiency of Endonuclease the following enzyme activity is observed: +Lipoprotein lipase 6. Diet of an individual must contain vitamins. What Amylase vitamin is usually prescribed for treatment and prevention Tripsin of pellagra? Cholesterol esterase +Vitamin PP Lactase Vitamin A 13. A woman noticed that a cut on her skin was still Vitamin B1 bleeding even after 20 minutes had passed. What vitamin Vitamin D deficiency causes such condition? +Vitamin K detected. There is significant amount of in urine Vitamin A and stercobilin in feces. Name the pathology characterized Vitamin D by given symptoms: Vitamin E +Hemolytic Obstructive jaundice Jaundice of the newborn 14. Primary structure of nucleic acids is a polynucleotide Hepatocellular jaundice chain that has a certain composition and order of the Atherosclerosis nucleotides. What bonds stabilize this structure? +3 , 5 –phosphodiester 21. Cataract (lenticular opacity) has developed in a 52- year-old woman with diabetes mellitus. Lenticular opacity Glycosidic was caused by intensification of the following processes: Disulfide + Amide Lipolysis Ketogenesis 15. Natural can perform various functions. What Protein proteolysis bioactive peptide is a major antioxidant and performs Gluconeogenesis coenzyme functions? + 22. A patient with hyperproduction of thyroid hormones Bradykinin has been prescribed Merkazolilum. This drug inhibits the Oxytocin following enzyme participating in iodothyronine synthesis: Liberin +Iodide peroxidase Anserine Reductase 16. An elderly man exhibits low levels of red blood cells Decarboxylase and hemoglobin in blood; however, his color index is 1,3. Aminotransferase Blood smear analysis revealed megaloblasts. What type of anemia is observed in this case? 23. A patient consulted an ophthalmologist about +B12-folic acid deficiency deterioration of twilight vision and xerophthalmus. What Iron-deficiency drug should the doctor prescribe? Acquired hemolytic +Retinol Hereditary hemolytic Pyridoxine Chronic posthemorrhagic Tocopherol Ascorbic acid 17. After drinking milk a 1-year-old child developed Cocarboxylase diarrhea, flatulence. The baby is likely to have deficiency of the following enzyme: 24. A patient demonstrates symmetrical dermatitis on the +Lactase palms. A doctor made a diagnosis of pellagra. What Maltase vitamin deficiency can result in such symptoms? Aldolase +Nicotinic acid Hexokinase Cobalamin Glycosidase Ascorbic acid Folic acid 18. Patients with severe depression demonstrate Cholecalciferol decreased serotonin levels in brain and cerebrospinal fluid. What aminoacid is a serotonin precursor? 25. The second stage of detoxification involves joining + certain chemical compounds with functional groups of toxines. Select one such compound: + Higher fatty acids Cholesterol Glucose 19. Fatty acids synthesis occurs in human body. What Pyruvate compound is initial in this process? +Acetyl coenzyme A 26. A patient undergoes chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil Vitamin C that is a competitive inhibitor of thymidilate synthase. What process is inhibited by this drug? Succinate +Thymidine monophosphate synthesis Cholesterol Purine nucleotides disintegration Adenosine triphosphate synthesis 20. A patient has icteric skin; unconjugated Purine nucleotides salvage content in blood is high; conjugated bilirubin in urine is not Glucose synthesis +They emulsify dietary lipids 26. Universal system of biological oxidation of nonpolar They keep balance of alkaline environment in the compounds (numerous drugs, toxic agents, steroid intestines hormones, cholesterol) is microsomal oxidation. Name the They participate in the synthesis of lipids cytochrome that is included in chain of They are part of LDL microsomes: They activate the formation of chylomicrons +Cytochrome Р-450 Cytochrome C 33. A patient with atherosclerosis has been prescribed Cytochrome A3 Linaetholum containing essential fatty acids. Which of the Cytochrome A following acids is an essential part of the preparation? Cytochrome C1 +Linolenic Palmitic 27. Structure of includes proteinogenic amino Crotonic acids. What is the position of the amino group in the Stearic structure of these amino acids? Oleic +α-position β-position 34. In response to the administration of protein drugs, a γ-position patient developed an allergic reaction. The development δ-position of the allergic reaction is caused by the increased synthesis -position of the following compound: +Histamine 28. Name the disaccharide with the following structure: Choline Adrenaline Serotonin

+β-lactose α-lactose 35. The patient has icteric skin; unconjugated bilirubin β-maltose content in blood is high; conjugated bilirubin in urine is not β-cellobiose detected. There is significant amount of urobilin in urine Saccharose and stercobilin in feces. Name the pathology characterized by the given symptoms: 29. Chromatin contains positively charged histone +Hemolytic jaundice proteins. What is contained in histone proteins Obstructive jaundice in large amounts? Jaundice of the newborn + Hepatocellular jaundice Atherosclerosis Threonine 36. A patient complains of pain in the small joints. High concentration of uric acid is detected in his blood plasma. What pathology causes such changes? 30. A man presents with signs of : blonde hair, +Gout extreme photosensitivity, impaired vision. What amino Diabetes mellitus acid metabolism is disrupted in the patient? Phenylketonuria +Tyrosine Lesch-Nyhan syndrome Diabetes insipidus Histidine 37. Hemoglobin catabolism results in release of iron which Valine is transported to the bone marrow by a certain transfer protein and is used again for the synthesis of hemoglobin. 31. -linked phosphorylation occurs in the cycle of Specify this transfer protein: tricarboxylic acids. What compound takes part in this +Transferrin (siderophilin) reaction? Transcobalamin +Succinyl coenzyme A Haptoglobin α-ketoglutarate Ceruloplasmin Acetyl coenzyme A Albumin Succinate Malate 38. A patient has a mental disorder due to the insufficient synthesis of gammaaminobutyric acid in the brain. Such 32. Inhibition of the synthesis of acids from cholesterol pathological changes might be caused by the deficiency of in of an experimental animals has caused the following vitamin: maldigestion of lipids. What is the role of these acids in the +Pyridoxine enteral lipidic metabolism? Tocopherol Dipeptidase Folic acid Hexokinase Riboflavin 45. Information transfer from peptide hormones to 39. The method consisting in removal of low-molecular intracellular second messengers occures involving impurities from colloidal systems and high-molecular adenylate cyclase. What reaction is catalyzed by adenylate compound solutions by semipermeable membrane cyclase? diffusion is called: +Cyclic adenosine monophosphate production +Dialysis ATP breakdown into ADP and inorganic phosphate Electrodialysis ATP synthesis from adenosine monophosphate and Ultrafiltration pyrophosphate Decantation ADP breakdown with adenosine monophosphate and Compensatory dialysis inorganic phosphate production ATP breakdown into adenosine monophosphate and 40. Fatty acids arrive into mitochondria, and there their pyrophosphate oxidation occurs. Name the vitamin-like substance that takes part in transportation of fatty acids through 46. When hydrogen peroxide solution is administered to mitochondrial membrane: bleeding wounds, it is broken up by one of the blood +Carnitine enzymes. Point out this enzyme. Choline +Catalase Biotin Monoamine Pantothenic acid Cytochrome oxidase Folic acid Aspartate aminotransferase Lactate dehydrogenase 41. A 5-year-old child presents with abdominal distension, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea occurring 1-4 hours after 47. Natural peptides can carry out various functions. What drinking milk. Described symptoms are caused by the lack biologically active peptide is one of the main antioxidants of enzymes that break up: and carries out coenzyme functions? +Lactose +Glutathione Glucose Bradykinin Maltose Oxytocin Saccharose Releasing hormone (Liberine) Fructose Anserine

42. Albumine, blood serum proteins, and gastric juice 48. Tetanic spasms of skeletal muscles occur under low pepsin consist of macromolecules of polypeptide chains calcium concentration in blood. What endocrine disorder that are joined with hydrogen bonds into hydrophilic can this condition be associated with? spheres. These proteins are named: +Hypofunction of parathyroid glands +Globular Hyperfunction of adrenal cortex Fibrillar Hypofunction of adrenal cortex Structural Hyperthyroidism Synthetic Hypothyroidism Artificial 49. Eicosanoids, - hormone-like compounds, - are used to 43. Parents of the 10-year-old child have made an stimulate labor and for contraception. What substances appointment with endocrinologist due to complaints of have such an effect? child’s low height. The child’s appearance is corresponding +Prostaglandines with that of 5-year-old child. What hormon secretion Interleukines disorder causes such physical development changes? Endorphines +Somatotropic hormone Angiotensines Adrenocorticotropic hormone Enkephalines Thyroxin Testosterone 50. A newborn infant has hemolytic jaundice caused by Insulin rhesus incompatibility. What bile pigment will be concentrated highest in the blood of this infant? 44. During gastric secretory function research decrease of +Unconjugated bilirubin hydrochloric acid concentration in gastric juice was Conjugated bilirubin detected. What enzyme will be less active in such a condition? +Pepsin Bile acids Amylase Lipase 51. The 49-year-old female patient suffering long-term from pancreatic diabetes has developed the following Valine symptoms after administering insulin: weakness, facial pallor, palpitation, anxiety, double vision, numbness of lips Methionine and tongue apex. Glucose molar concentration in blood was 2,5 mmol/l. What complication has developed in the 58. The 13-year-old female patient having suffered from patient? measles complains of dry mouth, thirst, body weight loss, +Hypoglycemic coma polyuria, her glucose concentration in blood is 16 mmol/l. Hyperosmolar coma What disease can be suspected? Hyperglycemic coma +Type I pancreatic diabetes Hyperketonemic coma Type II pancreatic diabetes Uremic coma Diabetes insipidus Steroidogenic diabetes 52. L-DOPA and its derivatives are used in treatment of Glycogenos Parkinson’s disease. What aminoacid is this substance made of? 59. The patient with mushroom poisoning has developed +Tyrosine the following symptoms: yellow coloring of skin and sclera, dark-colored urine. Hemolytic jaundice was diagnosed. Glutamate What pigment causes such coloring of the patient’s urine? Tryptophan +Stercobilin Arginine Conjugated bilirubin 53. Milk intake has resulted in the one-year-old child Unconjugated bilirubin having diarrhea and abdominal distension. What enzyme Verdohemoglobin deficiency does the child have? +Lactase 60. During long-term carbon tetrachloride poisoning of Maltase animals significant activity drop of aminoacyl tRNA Aldolase synthetase in hepatocytes was detected. What metabolic Hexokinase process is disrupted in this case? Glycosidase +Protein biosynthesis DNA replication 54. The 56-year-old patient has developed megaloblastic RNA transcription anemia in the course of alcoholic cirrhosis. What vitamin Post-translational modification of peptides deficiency is the main cause of anemia in this patient? Post-transcriptional modification of RNA +Folic acid Lipoic acid 61. Nucleoproteins contain signifi- cant amount of alkaline Biotin proteins. What propteins carry out structural function in Thiamine chromatin? Pantothenic acid +Protamines and histones Albumines and globulines 55. Ketoacidosis occurs during starvation. What metabolite Prolamines and glutenins blood concentration increase is symptomatic of this Hemoglobin and myoglobin medical condition? Interferones and mucin +Acetoacetate Oxaloacetate 62. The patient has icteritous skin; unconjugated bilirubin Malonate content in blood is high; conjugated bilirubin in urine is not Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutarylCoA detected. There is significant amount of urobilin in urine Acetyl-CoA and stercobilin in feces. Name the pathology characterized by given symptoms 56. Streptomycin and other aminoglycosides by binding +Hemolytic jaundice with 30Ssubunit of ribosome prevents formylmethionyl- Obstructive jaundice tRNA joining. What process is disrupted due to this effect? Jaundice of the newborn +Translation initiation Hepatocellular jaundice Translation termination Atherosclerosis Transcription initiation Transcription termination 63. Oligomycin antibiotic is prescribed to the patient with Replication initiation tuberculosis. What mitochondrial process is slowed down by this medicine? 57. The patient has hypovitaminosis PP. What amino acid +Oxidative phosphorylation taken with meals partially compensates patient’s need for Substrate-linked phosphorylation vitamin PP? Microsomal oxidation +Tryptophan Lipid peroxidation Oxidative decarboxylation +A P 64. The patient has been prescribed drug with E antibacterial effect on tuberculosis mycobacteria. What C drug is used in tuberculosis treatment and is pyridoxine D antivitamin? +Isoniazid 71. After an insulin injection a 45-year-old female with a Heparin long history of diabetes mellitus has developed weakness, Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Co-trimoxazole) paleness, palpitation, anxiety, double vision, numbness of Streptomycin lips and the tip of tongue. Blood glucose is at rate of 2,5 Sulfanilamide mmol/L. What complication has developed in the patient? +Hypoglycemic coma 65. Detoxication rate is 4 times lower in children than in Hyperketonemic coma adults. What enzyme necessary for toxic compounds Hyperglycemic coma conjugation has low activity in children? Hyperosmolar coma +Glucuronosyltransferase Uremic coma ALAT AspAT 72. A patient complains of severe abdominal pain, cramps, phosphokinase blurred vision. His relatives exhibit the same symptoms. LDH1 The urine is of red color. The patient has been hospitalized for acute intermittent porphyria. This disease might have 66. Certain drugs can stimulate liver to synthesize enzyme been caused by the impaired synthesis of the following systems taking part in drugs and toxines metabolism. compound: What compound stimulates drug metabolism in liver Bile acids microsomes? Insulin +Phenobarbital + Heparin Collagen Menadione sodium bisulfite Prostaglandins Sulfanilamide Aspirin 73. It is known that malonyl-CoA is formed from acetyl- CoA and carbon dioxide under the influence of acetyl-CoA 67. Barbiturates are used as soporifics. These substances, carboxylase. What vitamin is a coenzyme of this enzyme? similarly to rotenone, are tissue respiration inhibitors. +Biotin What complex level do these compounds suppress Ascorbate respiratory chain at? Pantothenic acid +NADH-coenzyme Q reductase Folic acid Cytochrome oxidase Thiamine Cytochrome C reductase Adenosine triphosphate synthetase 74. A patient with myocardial infarction has been Succinate dehydrogenase administrated intravenously a direct anticoagulant, namely: 68. Inhibitors of one of the amides metabolism enzymes Vikasol are used to treat depression. What enzyme inhibition has Calcium gluconate such an effect? Thrombin Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)- containing monoamine Neodicumarin oxidase (MAO) +Heparin Acetylcholinesterase Formylkynureninase () 75. A patient was admitted to a hospital in a state of 3-hydroxylase hypoglycemic coma. It occurs at the following level of Lactate dehydrogenase blood glucose: 3,3 mmol/L 69. Pathogenic microorganisms produce various enzymes 4,0 mmol/L in order to penetrate body tissues and spread there. Point 5,5 mmol/L out these enzymes among those named below. +2,5 mmol/L +Hyaluronidase, lecithinase 4,5 mmol/L , ligase Transferase, nuclease 76. A patient with Parkinson’s disease exhibits low level of Oxydase, catalase which is produced from dihydroxyphenylalanine Esterase, protease (DOPA). What enzyme catalyzes this convertion? Deaminase 70. The patient has mucosal dryness and mesopic vision +Decarboxilase disorder. What vitamin deficiency causes these symptons? Carboxypeptidase Aminotransferase Succinate dehydrogenase Aminotransferase Lactate dehydrogenase 77. Blood pressure is regulated by a number of biologically Glutamate active compounds. What peptides that enter the bloodstream can affect the vascular tone? 84. During the gastric secretion, proteolytic enzymes are Enkephalins secreted in form of zymogenes. What enzyme is activated +Kinins by hydrochloric acid? Leukotrienes Trypsin Endorphins +Pepsin Iodothyronines Chymotrypsin Amylase 78. Chronic pancreatitis is accompanied by the decreased Lipase synthesis and secretion of trypsin. This impairs the hydrolysis and absorption of the following substances: 85. The anti-tumor preparation Methotrexate is a Disaccharides structural analogue of folic acid. The mechanism of its +Proteins action is based on the inhibition of the following enzyme: Polysaccharides +Dihydrofolate reductase Lipids Nucleic acids Xanthine oxidase Lactate dehydrogenase 79. In response to the administration of protein drugs, a Hexokinase patient developed an allergic reaction. The development of the allergic reaction is caused by the increased synthesis 86. A child exhibits physical and mental retardation. Urine of the following compound: analysis revealed high concentration of orotic acid. This Histidine disease can be addresses by the constant use of: Cholin Adreneline Guanine +Histamine Adenine Serotonin +Uridine Alanine 80. Diabetes and starvation cause the excess production of ketone bodies that are used as an energy source. They are 87. Growth of some cancer cells is caused by a certain produced from the following compound: growth factor. Treatment of leukemia involves applying an Isocitrate enzyme that destroys this essential factor. Specify this Lactate enzyme: +Acetyl-CoA Aspartate aminotransferase Malate Succinate dehydrogenase Ketoglutarate + 81. The intracellular metabolism of glycerol starts with its Citrate synthase activation. What compound is formed as result of the first reaction of its conversion? 88. Food rich in carbohydrates at first increases the blood Lactate sugar and then decreases its rate due to the insulin action. Choline What process is activated by this hormone? Acetyl coenzyme A Breakdown of glycogen +Alpha-glycerolphosphate Breakdown of proteins Pyruvate Gluconeogenesis +Synthesis of glycogen 82. A patient has developed megaloblastic anemia on a Breakdown of lipids background of alcoholic cirrhosis. The main cause of anemia in this patient is the following vitamin deficiency: 89. Antidepressants can increase the concentration of Thiamin catecholamines in the synaptic cleft. What is the Biotin mechanism of action of these drugs? +Folic acid Activation of acetylcholinesterase Pantothenic acid Inhibition of xanthin oxidase Lipoic acid Activation of Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase 83. Vitamin B1 deficiency has a negative effect on a +Inhibition of monoamine oxidase number of processes. This is caused by the dysfunction of the following enzyme: 90. A 40-year-old male presented to the endocrinology +Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex department with disproportionate enlargement of limbs, mandible and nose. These manifestations are caused by the overproduction of the following hormone: 97. A patient was found to have a tumor of pancreatic +Somatotropin head, which is accompanied by the impaired patency of Adrenalin the common bile duct. Blood test will reveal an increase in Vasopressin the following substance level: Corticotropin +Bilirubin Aldosterone Insulin Urea 91. After drinking milk a 1-year-old child developed Hemoglobin diarrhea, flatulence. The baby is likely to have the Adrenalin deficiency of the following enzyme: Hexokinase 98. Sulfanilamides inhibit the growth and development of Glycokinase bacteria. The mechanism of their action is based on the +Lactase impairment of the following acid synthesis: Aldolase Lipoic Maltase +Folic Pangamic 92. A child with PKU has an unpleasant mouse-like odor, Nicotinic growth retardation, mental retardation. These symptoms Pantothenic are associated with the high concentration of the following substance in blood: 99. Addison’s (bronze) disease is treated with +Phenylpyruvic acid glucocorticoids. Their effect is provided by the Uric acid potentiation of the following process: Cholesterol Glycogenolysis Adrenaline Glycolysis Glucose Pentose phosphate cycle Ornithine cycle 93. Sulfanilamides are widely used as bacteriostatic +Gluconeogenesis agents. The mechanism of antimicrobial action of sulfanilamides is based on their structural similarity to: 100. A patient exhibits small (petechial) hemorrhages Glutamic acid under the skin and mucous membranes, bleeding gums, Folic acid tooth decay, general weakness, edemata of the lower +Para-aminobenzoic acid extremities. What vitamin deficiency can be suspected? Nucleic acid E Antibiotics +C B1 94. A patient with hyperproduction of thyroid hormones A has been prescribed Merkazolilum. This drug inhibits the D following enzyme of iodothyronine synthesis: +Iodide peroxidase 101. A patient with ischemic heart disease has been Reductase administrated inosine which is an intermediate metabolite Decarboxylase in the synthesis of: Aromatase Aminotransferase Metalloproteins Lipoproteins 95. A patient has obstruction of common bile duct. Which +Purine nucleotides of these substances is usually found in urine in such cases? Ketone bodies Glucose +Bilirubin 102. Depressive states can be treated by means of drugs Uric acid inhibiting the enzyme that inactivates biogenic amines. Ketone bodies Specify this enzyme: Creatinine +MAO (monoamine oxidase) AST (aspartate aminotransferase) 96. Hemoglobin catabolism results in release of iron which CPK (creatine phosphokinase) is transported to the bone marrow by a certain transfer ALT (alanine aminotransferase) protein and used again for the synthesis of hemoglobin. LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) Specify this transfer protein: Ceruloplasmin 103. Growth of some cancer cells is caused by a certain Albumin growth factor. Treatment of leukemia involves applying an Haptoglobin enzyme that destroys this essential factor. Specify this Transcobalamin enzyme: +Transferrin (siderophilin) +Asparaginase Succinate dehydrogenase 110. Fatty degeneration of liver is prevented by lipotropic Aspartate aminotransferase substances. Which of the following substances relates to Glutaminase them? Citrate synthetase +Methionine Glycine 104. Blood serum electrophoresis revealed interferon. This Glucose protein is in the following fraction: Bilirubin +γ-globulins Cholesterol α1-globulins β-globulins 111. A patient with ischemic heart disease has been α2-globulins administered inosine, which is an intermediate metabolite Albumins in the synthesis of: +Purine nucleotides 105. The intercellular metabolism of glycerol starts with its Ketone bodies activation. What compound is formed in the first reaction Glycoproteins of its conversion? Lipoproteins +Alpha-glycerolphosphate Metaloproteins Lactate Choline 112. A 40-year-old patient has developed polyuria (10 -12 Pyruvate liters per day), and polydipsia induced by damage to the Acetyl coenzyme A hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract. What hormone deficiency causes such disorders? 106. Amylolytic enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of +Vasopressin pоlysaccharides and oligosaccharides. They have an effect Somatotropin upon the following chemical bond: Thyrotropin +Glycosidic Corticotropin Amide Oxytocin Peptide Hydrogen 113. A patient has developed megaloblastic anemia on a Phosphodiester background of alcoholic cirrhosis. The main cause of anemia in this patient is the following vitamin deficiency: 107. The patient uses a daily basis for several raw eggs, +Folic acid which contain antivitamin biotin – avidin. Violations of any Pantothenic acid phase of lipid metabolism might arise? Biotin +Fatty acid biosynthesis Lipoic acid Lipid transport in blood Thiamine Lipid absorption Glycerol oxidation 114. A patient was found to have an increased blood Cholesterol biosynthesis serum LDH-1 activity. In which organ is the pathological process localized? 108. Urine analysis revealed a decrease in sodium ion +Heart concentration. Which hormone provides an enhanced Kidneys reabsorption of sodium ions in the convoluted nephron Muscles tubules? Stomach +Aldosterone Liver Acetylcholine Vasopressin 115. It is known that some chemical compounds uncouple Adrenalin the tissue respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. Somatostatin Name one of these compounds: +2,4-dinitrophenol 109. A 70-year-old patient has been found to have Antimycin A atherosclerosis of heart and brain vessels. Examination Carbon monoxide revealed the changes in the lipid profile. Pathogenesis of Lactic acid atherosclerosis is greatly influenced by an increase in the Acetyl-CoA following lipoproteins rate: +Low-density lipoproteins 116. A patient consulted a doctor about sunburns, Very-low-density lipoproteins decreased visual acuity. His hair, skin and eyes are not High-density lipoproteins pigmented. He has been diagnosed with albinism. The Intermediate-density lipoproteins patient presents with the following enzyme deficiency: Chylomicrons + Hexokinase Histidine decarboxylase biological liquids. Point what method is used for this Carbonic anhydrase purpose: +Salting-out 117. Caffeine inhibits phosphodiesterase which converts Denaturation cAMP to AMP. The most typical feature of caffeine Electrophoresis intoxication is the reduced intensity of: Sequencing Dialysis +Glycogen synthesis

Glycolysis 124. In medical practice preparations of protein hydrolyzate Pentose phosphate pathway are used for parenteral nutrition. Value of the hydrolyzates Lipolysis is determined by presence of the essential amino acids in Protein phosphorylation them. Point, which from the listed amino acids is essential: +Methionine 118. A male patient was found to have hypovitaminosis Tyrosine PP. What amino acid taken with food may partially Alanine compensate the vitamin PP deficiency? Glycine +Tryptophan Methionine Valine 125. One of the amino acids active form serves as a methyl Phenylalanine group donator for pharmaceutical [drug] substance Arginine methylation. Choose it: +Methionine 119. The primary structure of nucleic acids is a Glutamine polynucleotide chain which has a certain composition and Glutamate Cysteine order of the nucleotides. What bonds stabilize this Glycine structure?

+3′,5′-phosphodiester 126. Albumins are blood serum proteins that are Disulfide synthesized in the liver and fulfil sertain functions. Point Peptide one of them: Glycosidic +Pharmaceutical substances transportation Amide Thrombi formation Carbon dioxide (gas) transportation 120. Alkaptonuria is characterized by an excessive urinary transportation excretion of homogentisic acid. Development of this Antibody production disease is associated with disorder of the following amino acid metabolism: 127. Interferon was revealed under electrophoretic +Tyrosine separation of the ill person blood serum. What fraction does Tryptophan this protein belong to? Alanine +Gamma–globulins Methionine Albumins Beta-globulins Asparagine Alpha–2-globulins

Alpha–1-globulins 121. A patient has an increased concentration of hippuric acid in the urine. This acid is the product of benzoic acid 128. Irreversible changes of the protein conformation are detoxification in the liver. In the human body benzoic acid observed during heat treatment of food. This process is is formed from the following amino acid: named: +Phenylalanine +Denaturation Malate Renaturation Lactate Salting-out Succinate Dialysis Aspartate Aquation

122. Under various diseases in support of diagnosis 129. Preparation tannin is used in practical medicine as an analysis of the protein blood fractions is carried out in astringent under acute and chronic sicknesses of the biochemical laboratories with the help of electrophoresis. intestines. The astringent action of tannin is connected What protein feature is this method based on? with its ability to: +Availability of charge +Denaturate proteins Big molecular weight Hydrolyze proteins Optical activity Renaturate proteins Ability to swell Salting-out proteins High viscosity Oxidize proteins

123. In pharmaceutical industry some proteins, which are used as preparations for treatment, are isolated from the 130. Proteins have several levels of the three-dimensional structure. What bonds take part in the formation of the 137. A structural specificity of fibrillar proteins is in forming of secondary structure? multimolecular filiform complexes – fibrils that consist of some +Hydrogen parallel polypeptide chains. Name a fibrillar protein that is included Van der Waals forces in the composition of hair, skin, nails. Ether +Alpha-keratin Hydrophobic Albumin Ionic Prothrombin Globulin 131. Basis of the amino acid structural classification is the Histone structure of their side chain. Which of the listed amino acids is basic? 138. In case of insufficient uptake or abnormality in +Lysine formation of lipotropic factors in the human organism fatty Proline degeneration of the liver appears. Which of the listed Alanine compounds is lipotropic? +Choline Methionine Cholesterol Cholic acid 132. Level of blood total protein is one of the metabolism Pyridoxine indices in the human organism. A quantitative Nicotinamide determination in clinicodiagnostic laboratories is based on: +Biuret test 139. Bile acid preparations are sometimes recommended Ninhydrin test with the preparation “Festal” (contains the pancreatic Xanthoprotein test enzymes) for the improvement of digestion under pancreas Fole reaction secretory insufficiency. What is the purpose of their usage? Nitroprusside test +For emulsification of fats For activation of the proteolytic enzymes 133. One of protein functions is a protection of the For activation of α- amylase organism from infectious diseases. What preventive For stimulation of the pancreatic juice secretion antiviral preparation of nonspecific defence is For stimulation of intestinal peristalsis recommended at the time of influenza epidemic? +Interferon 140. In a 60-year-old man with atherosclerosis some Thymosin plasma membrane function abnormalities were observed Thymolin because of the increasing of their harshness. What Albumin membrane compound content increase can lead to this? Sulfacetamide +Cholesterol Phosphatidylcholin 134. A patient with the damaged esophagus was Glycolipids recommended a parenteral feeding. Point, which from the Phosphatidylethanolamine listed preparations belongs to such a group? Proteins +Hydrolysine Asparkam 141. A patient with ischemic cardiomyopathy was Rheopolyglucin recommended to use fats which contain polyunsaturated Polyglucin fatty acids in the diet. Which of the listed fatty acids is Panangin polyunsaturated? +Arachidonic acid 135. Biosynthesis of collagen – main protein of the Oleic acid connective tissue – includes co- and post-translational Palmitic acid modifications that lead to the mature collagen fibril Stearic acid formation. In the basis of collagen formation is the process Myristic acid of: +Hydroxylation 142. A doctor prescribed an anti-inflammatory drug to a Proteolysis patient with ulcer. This drug is a derivative of prostaglandin Phosphorylation E1. What compound is a metabolic source for that Carboxylation substance? Glycosilation +Arachidonic acid Butyric acid 136. Albumins show the most electronegative properties Oleic acid under electrophoretic division of the blood serum proteins. Palmitic acid What amino acid that is contained in molecules of albumins Stearic acid determines their acidic properties? +Glutamic acid 143. Food fibers that are components of the plant cell wall Leucine fulfill an important part in prophylaxys of GIT diseases. Lysine What main polysaccharide is present in the plant cell wall? Alanine +Cellulose Tryptophan Starch Glycogen lipoprotein level can lead to the atherosclerosis Inulin development? Chondroitin sulfate +Low density lipoproteins (β - LP) Chylomicrons 144. Main structural component of the plant cell wall is the High density lipoproteins (α - LP) homopolysaccharide cellulose. Like starch it contains Structural lipoproteins glucose, but in contrast to the latter cellulose is not digested Intermediate density lipoproteins in the human GIT. Why? +Because glucose residues in cellulose are connected by β- 151. Secretion of the ionized with urine and deposit 1,4-glycosidic bonds of it in the tissues and organs is observed in a patient. Point They joined by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds the protein which synthesis abnormalities lead to these Because cellulose is not branched consequences. As it contains galactose residues also +Ceruloplasmin Because cellulose contains L-glucose Transferrin Properdin 145. A 30-year-old man is under hypoenergetic condition Haptoglobin that is connected with functional abnormalities of the Cryoglobulin electron transport chain cytochromes, which are by their chemical nature: 152. Pathological types of hemoglobin can exist along with +Hemoproteins the normal types in the adult organism. Point one of them. Glycoproteins +HbS HbA2 Lipoproteins HbF Retinalproteins HbСО2 HbO2 146. Simple and conjugated proteins exist in the human organism. What is the difference between conjugated and 153. Hemoglobin is a conjugated protein that transports simple proteins? oxygen to tissues and takes out carbon dioxide (gas). Point, +Existence of non-protein part in the protein what class of the compounds it belongs to? Protein molecular conformation +Chromoproteins Absence of non-protein part in the protein Lipoproteins Sequence of the amino acids in the protein Glycoproteins Quantity of the amino acids in the protein Nucleoproteins Metalloproteins 147. Prosthetic group of conjugated proteins joins to the polypeptide by different bonds. The residuum of 154. Preparation “Lidase” is used after burns, operations phosphoric acid is joined to the protein part of and also haematomas for the resolution of scars. This phosphoproteins by: preparation contains an enzyme that decomposes: +ОН-group of serine +Hyaluronic acid СООH-group of glutamine Keratan sulfate СН-group of methionine Chondroitin-4-sulfate NH-group of lysine Heparin SH-group of cysteine Dermatan sulfate

148. Chylomicrons are formed in the wall of the small 155. To a patient who suffers from joint disease, a doctor intestine after the absorption of fat components. What lipids perscribed an ointment which active substance was a are transported in the chylomicrons? glycosaminoglycan – an important component of cartilage. +Triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol and its esters What was this substance? Only triglycerides +Chondroitin sulfate Triglycerides and phospholipids Heparin Cholesterol and its esters Glycogen Phospholipids, cholesterol and its esters Arabinose Vitellin 149. Carbohydrate component of proteoglycans is represented by glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Which from 156. In the process of hemoglobin catabolism ferrum is the glycosaminoglycans is localized mainly in the liver, liberated. It then enters the bone marrow, and is again used lungs and vascular wall? for hemoglobin biosynthesis. What protein is ferrum +Heparin transported in a complex with? Hyaluronic acid +Transferrin Keratan sulfate Hepatocuprein Dermatan sulfate Albumin Chondroitin sulfate Haptoglobin Transcobalamin 150. Changes in the blood lipoprotein level is an evidence of lipid metabolism pathology. Increase of which 157. What fraction is not revealed at electrophoretic separation of blood lipoproteins in a healthy human? +Chylomicrons know their structure. What class of the biologically active Lipoproteins of intermediate density compounds does polynucleotide (from VLDL deoxyribonucletides) belong to? LDL +DNA HDL -ЛВП RNA Proteins 158. Nowadays in the tRNA structure more than 50 minor Polysaccharides nitrogenous bases exept 4 major types were found out. Lipids Name one of them. +Dihydrouracyl 165. In the last month of pregnancy a doctor prescribed Cytosine “Vicasol” to a woman. Which vitamin analogue is it? Uracyl +Vitamin К 5-methyluracyl Vitamin В6 Adenine Vitamin В5 Vitamin А 159. We can determine the biochemical function of Vitamin В12 biologically active compounds in the organism when we know their structure. 166. Vitamin A is oxidized very quickly in an open air and +DNA loses its biological activity. Which component in food RNA products prevents vitamin A from oxidation? Proteins +Vitamin Е Polysaccharides Sugar Abnormalities of rhodopsin synthesis Protein Fat 160. What class of the biologically active compounds does Vitamin РР polynucleotide (from deoxyribonucletides) belong to? In a patient with cirrhosis an impairment in dark adaptation 167. A 35-year-old patient in a pre-surgical period was was observed. What can be the most likely reason of that? prescribed vicasol (a synthetic analogue of vitamin K). +Abnormalities of vitamin A absorption in the intestines What mechanism of action has this drug? Lack of vitamin A in the diet +Prothrombin synthesis stimulation Excess of vitamin A in the diet Plasminogen activation Abnormalities of trans-retinal transformation into cis- Tissue thromboplastin synthesis stimulation retinal Hageman's factor activation Lipids Complement system activation

161. Nucleotides are monomers of the nucleic acids. What 168. In a 40-year-old woman with chronic kidney disease compounds can be found after complete hydrolysis of the osteoporosis has developed. What compound deficiency is ribonucleotides? the main reason for this pathology? +Orthophosphoric acid, ribose, uracyl +1,25 (OH)2 D3 Cytosine, thymine, orthophosphoric acid 1(OH) D3 Guanine, deoxyribose, orthophosphoric acid Vitamin D2 Orthophosphoric acid, adenine, deoxyribose 25 (OH) D3 Ribose, thymine, cytosine Vitamin D3

162. Histones that have a positive charge are a part of 169. A woman took paediatrist’s advice about a bad state of chromatin. Which amino acid from the listed is the most health of her 8-month-old child: hyperhydrosis, increase of prevalent in histones and carries a positive charge? the fontanelle dimentions, delay in teeth eruption. What +Lysine preparation should be administred first of all? Threonine +Cholecalciferol Valine Cobalamin Alanine Calcium gluconate Serine Thiamine bromide Calcium pangamate 163. Nucleic acids provide storage and transmission of the hereditary information to progeny, and the mechanism of its 170. Isoniazid was prescribed to a 30-year-old man who realization. Which nucleic acid contains the information was consumptive. Which vitamin hypovitaminosis would about quantity and order of amino acid residue interchange develop under a protracted course of therapy? in the protein molecule? +Pyridoxine +mRNA Thiamine tRNA Cobalamin 28S rRNA Biotin 18S rRNA Riboflavin lnRNA 171. Thiamine pyrophosphate is the coenzyme synthesized 164. We can determine the biochemical function of from vitamin В1. Point out the process which this biologically active compounds in the organism when we coenzyme participates in: +Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate Lipolysis 179. A patient with impaired immunity, susceptibility to Gluconeogenesis catarrhal illness was recommended to take ascorutin as Glycolysis more effective medicine compared with ascorbic acid. Lipid absorption What substance in this medicine enhances the vitamin C action? 172. In test animals a vitamin influence on cycle +Vitamin Р rate was investigated. What vitamin absence did not Vitamin А decrease the rate of the CAC reactions? Vitamin D +Cobalamin Glucose Thiamin Lactose Riboflavin Nicotinamide Pantothenic acid 180. In the human organism most vitamins undergo some conversions. What vitamin takes part in the formation of 173. Ascorbic acid hypovitaminosis leads to scurvy. the coenzyme of acylation (CoASH)? Synthesis of what protein is damaged under this pathology? +Pantothenic acid +Collagen Vitamin D Albumin Vitamin С Fibrinogen Vitamin A Prothrombin Vitamin К

174. A patient eats every day some raw eggs which contain 181. A 50-year-old patient has hypovitaminosis of vitamin an antivitamin for biotin – avidin. What stage of lipid C (scurvy) connected with the imbalanced food. Decreasing metabolism can be impaired in this case? activity of which enzyme is a basis of the conjunctive tissue +Fatty acid biosynthesis lesion under these pathology conditions? Lipid transport in blood +Proline hydroxylase Cholesterol biosynthesis Pyruvate carboxylase Glycerol oxidation Thryptophan hydroxylase Alanine aminotransferase 175. Vitamins and vitamin-similar compounds are Glutaminase necessary for activation and carrying long-chain fatty acid through the inner mitochondrial membrane. Point one of 182. Parents of a 10-year-old boy appealed to a physician them: with a complaint about growth stop. During checkup the +Carnitine physician found the changes in mucous membranes and Riboflavin suspected cancerous anemia. He suggested that this Ubiquinone pathology had been connected with a vitamin defficiency. Biotin Point, what vitamin defficiency might cause development Thiamine of this state? +Folic acid 176. For vitamin absorption certain conditions are Nicotinic acid necessary. An intrinsic factor (a secreted by Orotic acid the oxyntic cells of the stomach) is needed for the Choline absorption of: Arachidonic acid +Vitamin В12 Vitamin В5 183. In the patient’s urine a certain compound that has an Vitamin С isoalloxazine ring in its structure have been found. What Vitamin В6 this compound is? Vitamin В2 +Vitamin B2 Vitamin B5 177. Lack of which vitamin leads to decreasing of the Vitamin B6 aminotransferase and decarboxylase activities? Vitamin B1 +Vitamin В6 Vitamin B3 Vitamin В3 Vitamin В12 184. Which vitamin is needed to maintain the conversion of Vitamin В2 into acetyl-CoA? Vitamin В1 +B1 B12 178. Antivitamin to what organic compound that is used by B6 a bacterial cell for the folic acid biosynthesis (part of C bacterial enzymes) sulfanilamide preparations are? D2 +Para-aminobenzoic acid Nicotinic acid 185. Vitamin B2 is included in the composition of flavin- Choline related dehydrogenase coenzymes. Point out such a Riboflavin coenzyme. Pyridoxine +FMN NAD+ +DNA-ligase NADP+ Primase Coenzyme-A Exonuclease TPP RNA-polymerase DNA-polymerase 186. Point the active form of vitamin D which functions in the system of homeostatic regulation of calcium 193. AIDS virus RNA penetrated inside the leucocyte and metabolism and osteogenesis: with the help of revertase (reverse transcriptase) causes a +24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol virus DNA synthesis in the cell. The base of this process is: Ergosterol +Reverse transcription Ergocalciferol Operon repression Dehydrocholesterol Operon depression Cholecalciferol Reverse translation Convariant replication 187. A patient was diagnosed with hypoacidic gastritis and gastroduodenitis. The result of blood analysis – 194. A 58-year-old man underwent the operation for megaloblastic anemia. What substance deficiency caused removal of prostate (gland) cancer. In 3 months he took the the development of anemia? course of a radial and chemotherapy. 5- Fluorodeoxyuridine +Gastromucoprotein (thymidylate synthase inhibitor) was included to the Ferrum medical preparation complex. Synthesis of what compound Mucin was blocked by this preparation? Gastricsin +DNA Trypsin tRNA rRNA 188. For treatment of cancer tumors methotrexate – a iRNA structural analogue of folic acid – is administred. This Protein preparation is a competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, that is why it inhibits the biosynthesis of: 195. A large group of antibiotics, which are used in +dTMP medicine, inhibits a nucleic acid and protein synthesis. dAMP What specific process or reaction from the following is AMP inhibited by erythromycin? TMP +Ribosome translocation on mRNA in prokaryotes and UMP eukaryotes Transcription initiation in prokaryotes 189. In patients with alcoholism disorders of the central Peptidiltransferase reaction of the translation in prokaryotes nervous system - memory loss, psychoses are often Aminoacyl-tRNA binding to the ribosome A site in observed. These symptoms are caused by lack of vitamin prokaryotes B1 in the body. Disturbance of formation of which Transcription in prokaryotes & eukaryotes coenzyme can cause these symptoms? +Thiamine pyrophosphate 196. In genetic engineering the way of synthesis of Coenzyme A different genes from a RNA matrix chain to DNA is carried FAD out with the help of the following enzyme (this enzyme NADP catalyzes the process found in RNA-containing viruses): Pyridoxal phosphate +Revertase DNA- ligase 190. A consumptive patient was prescribed riphampicin Helicase that inhibits an enzyme RNA-polymerase at the initiation Exonuclease stage of the process of: Endonuclease +Transcription Translation 197. Protein synthesis in prokaryotes takes place on Replication ribosomes after the amino acid activation and their Reparation transportation to ribosomes with the help of t-RNAs. What Amplification amino acid is the first in the biosynthesis? +Formylmethionine 191. One codon from 64 triplets that code amino acids is an Valine initiation codon which codes the amino acid methionine. Serine Point this triplet: Glycine +АUG Cysteine UCG GGU 198. Delay of malignant tumor cell division occurs under GАC the influence of preparations that block the dTMP CАU synthesis, inhibiting thymidylate synthase. Choose a compound which can have such influence. 192. DNA-polymerase creates the Okazaki fragments on +5-Fluorouracyl the “replication fork” lagging strand. Point enzyme that Thymine joins these fragments into one chain: Hypoxanthine Dihydroorotic acid Amylase Adenylosuccinate Arginase

199. Under ocassional usage of mushrooms (death-cup), 206. Enzymes catalyze proceeding of biochemical which contain a venom – α-amanitin, poisoning of the processes in the organism. What is the optimal temperature human organism occurs. Point, what enzyme is inhibited for their action? by this venom? +37 0С –40 0С +RNA polymerase II 0 0С –4 0С DNA polymerase 28 0С –30 0С DNA synthetase 2 0С-4 0С Peptidyl transferase 18 0С –20 0С Translocase 207. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition occurs under usage of 200. A newly synthesized organic compound specifically proserin, which is the pharmaceutical preparation. Point the oppresses the reverse transcriptase activity. What type of inhibition: pharmacological action is most probable to this compound? +Competitive +Antiviral Uncompetitive Antimicrobial Noncompetitive Antitumoral Allosteric Immunosuppressive Reversible Radioprotectoral 208. Immobilized on bandage material trypsin preparations 201. Mechanism of antivirus and antineoplastic action of are used for purification of festering wounds and their fast interferons is connected with the influence on the process cicatrization. What is their advantage over a free enzyme? of: +Longer period of action +Initiation of protein biosynthesis Stronger activity Elongation of protein biosynthesis Higher specificity of action Termination of protein biosynthesis Higher sensitivity to temperature DNA biosynthesis Higher sensitivity to pH changes RNA biosynthesis 209. Increasing of the LDH1, LDH2, AST, and creatine 202. DNA polymerases that take part in DNA replication phosphokinase (MB isozyme) activity was determined in are not capable to start synthesis of a new strand of DNA the patient`s blood. Diagnose, what organ the abnormalities without RNA-primer. What enzyme is needed for its of biochemical processes are taking place in? (primer) synthesis? +Heart +Primase Skeletal muscles DNA-ligase Kidneys Helicase Liver DNA-polymerase I Pancreas Gyrase 210. A patient with myocardial infarction was prescribed 203. Detoxification of heavy metals on molecular level in the fibrinolytic preparation “Streptodecase” that was made the human organism is the consequence of: of a -soluble matrix of polysaccharide nature using +Metallothionein amplification the method of: Microsomal oxidation +Enzyme immobilization Formation of a complex with the active form of glucuronic Autolysis acid Ultracentrifugation Formation of a complex with the active form of sulfuric Electrophoresis acid Extraction Interactions with hepatocuprein 211. Preparation armine from a group of POC 204. In diagnostics of HIV-infection a method of (organophosphorous compounds) that has a strong polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used. What is the PCR anticholinesterase activity was used as antiglaucomic method based on? substance during last years. Point the type of +Gene amplification acetylcholinesterase inhibition: Gene recombination +Noncompetitive Translation Uncompetitive Transcription Allosteric Genome cutting Substrate Competitive 205. Enzyme preparations are used in medical practice for treatment of festering wounds. What enzyme from the 212. Dehydrogenases are enzymes that split hydrogen listed below is used in these cases? atoms off a substrate. What class of enzymes does lactate +Trypsin dehydrogenase belong to? Acid phosphatase + Alkaline phosphatase Lipid 220. Injection of adrenalin to the organism results in the increase of glucose level in the blood. What process is 213. Enzyme lipase splits ester bonds in triacylglycerol mainly activated in this case? molecules. What class this enzyme belongs to? +Glycogen degradation +Hydrolases Alcoholic fermentation Transferases Pentose phosphate pathway Isomerases Citric acid cycle Oxidoreductases Glycogen synthesis 221. A patient was prescribed a steroid anabolic medicine. 214. Sulfanilamides are widely used as bacteriostatic What hormones synthetic analogues have been found an substances. The mechanism of antimicrobial action of application in medicine as preparations with anabolic sulfanilamide preparations is based on the structural action? similarity with: +Androgens +Para-aminobenzoic acid Mineralocorticoids Glutamic acid Gestagens Folic acid Clucocorticoids Nucleic acid Estrogens Antibiotics 222. Cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP) are second 215. Acute pancreatitis was diagnosed in a patient. messengers in the transfer of information. What is the way Determination of what from the listed below blood of their regulatory function? enzymes could be a diagnostic criterion? +Specific protein kinase activation +Amylase Histone phosphorylation Aldolase Neurotransmitter activation LDH CNS stimulation Creatine kinase Transcription and translation stimulation Alanine amino peptidase 223. A patient without consciousness was delivered to 216. Leading majority of cell enzymes has the maximum of reanimation. Marked smell of acetone from the mouth, activity in the range of pH 6-8. But there is an enzyme acute hyperglycemia and ketonemia were observed. Which which optimum lies in the interval of pH 9.5 -10. This complications of diabetes mellitus took place in that case? enzyme is: +Diabetic coma +Arginase Hypoglycemic coma Pepsin Cataract Trypsin Acetone acute poisoning Papain Nephrite 224. What endocrine gland hormones express influence on 217. The enzyme urease is able to destroy the structure of energy metabolism due to increasing of oxidative urea only. The type of its specificity is: phosphorylation rate in the mitochondria that is +Absolute accompanied by increased oxygen consumption by the Stereo-chemical organism and calorigenic effect? Absolute group +Thyroid gland Relative group Pancreatic gland Classic Parathyroid gland Adenohypophisis 218. A burn scar has left in a patient. For its resolution an Adrenal medullary gland electrophoresis with enzyme has been appointed to the patient. Name the enzyme. 225. At insufficient consumption of carbohydrates with +Hyaluronidase food the need in them for organism is compensated due to Arginase gluconeogenesis. Which of the listed hormones express a Asparaginase stimulating influence on gluconeogenesis? ATP-synthase +Glucocorticoids Glycine oxidase Mineralocorticoids Insulin 219. Vasopressin - a hormone which expresses a powerful Calcitonin antidiuretic action, stimulating a return current of water Vasopressin through the membranes of renal tubules. What is its chemical nature? 226. Adrenal cortex glands produce some hormones +Peptide revealing an anti-inflammatory effect. Point the main Carbohydrate hormone which is carrying out this function? Amino acid derivative +Hydrocortisone Steroid Aldosterone Testosterone Aminalon Estrone Progesterone 234. In a patient with Itsenko-Cushing’s syndrome a steady hyperglycemia and glucosuria are observed. What hormone 227. Cholecalcipherol (vitamin D3) in the liver and kidneys synthesis and secretion are increased in this case? is activated and converted to the active form – 1,25- +Cortisol dihydroxycholecalcipherol. Name a hormone which Epinephrine regulates this process. Glucagon Insulin Thyroxine +Parathyroid hormone Aldosterone Aldosterone Calcitonin 235. Under emotional stress triglyceride lipase is activated Adrenocorticotrophic hormone in adipocytes. Point out, concentration of what second messenger increases at that situation. 228. Sulfanilurea derivatives (e.g. butamide) are commonly cGMP used at non-insulin dependent diabetes treatment. What is a Diacylglycerol biochemical mechanism of their hypoglycemic action? +cAMP +Strengthening of the insulin hypoglycemic action AMP Reduction of the glucocorticoid hypoglycemic action Ca2+ Reduction of the insulin hypoglycemic action Strengthening of the glucocorticoid hyperglycemic action 236. Name a hormone-synchronizer of biogenic rhythms in Reveal a diuretic action the organism which is the derivative of an amino acid: +Melatonin 229. Non-steroid anti-inflammatory remedies, e.g. aspirin, Adrenalin inhibit which converts arachidonic acid Dopamine into: Noradrenalin +Prostaglandins Thyroxine Leukotrienes Biogenic amines 237. A patient with the signs of feminization Endorphins (eunuchoidism) was prescribed the most active male sex Catecholamines hormone. Point it. +Dihydrotestosterone 230. Amino acid tyrosine is a predecessor of some Testosterone hormones. Point one of them, produced in the adrenal Progesterone medulla glands. Androsterone +Adrenaline Pregnenolone Histamine Gastrine 238. A gynecologist used a neurohypophysis hormone for Serotonin the stimulation of child birth activity. Name it. Glucagon +Oxytocin Vasopressin 231. Tyrosine is used for the thyroxine synthesis. What Intermedin atoms from microelements take part in this process? Chorionic gonadotropin +I Serum gonadotropin Fe Cu 239. To initiate analgesia a peptide that reveals the Ca morphine effect, but is synthesized in the CNS may be Zn used. Name it. +β-Endorphine 232. In therapy of chronic inflammation processes a series Oxytocin of medical preparations is used. Point out, which of the Somatoliberin preparations reversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) of Vasopressin arachidonic acid. Calcitonin Carnitine Antimycin 240. Renin is an enzyme which is produced by the Vikasol juxtaglomerular cells of kidneys in response to blood +Indomethacin pressure lowering. Its action is directed to: Cholecalcipherol +Angiotensinogen – a protein, which is secreted by the liver 233. Cyclooxygenase activity may be inhibited by use of Natriuretic hormone, which is synthesized in atrium and some medicines. Which of them irreversibly inhibits this brain enzyme? Decrease of arachidonic acid availability for synthesis of Allopurinol prostaglandins and leukotrienes Insulin Stimulation of glucose transport into cells Oligomycin Smooth muscle relaxation, artery and arteriole wall +Aspirin widening NADH - dehydrogenase 241. Atriopeptin, aurikulin, cardionatrin – the peptides ATP-synthase which possess a diuretic effect that exceeds by 20 times the Cоenzyme Q action of the pharmacological preparation furosemide. What hormone synthetic analogues are they? 248. Antibiotic antimycine A blocks electron transport by +Atrium natriuretic factor the electron transport chain. Mark what point does it affect Antidiuretic hormone on? Insulin +Between cytochromes b and c1 Somatostatin Between FADH2 and CоQ Aldosterone Between cytochromes с1 and с Between nucleotides NADH and FADH2 242. Hormones are divided into 2 groups in connection Between CоQ and cytochrome b with cellular localization of receptor. Which hormone influences directly on the nucleus initiating physiological 249. The biggest part of biochemical processes in the effects? human organism is closely related with the use of energy. +Estradiol What compound is the unique accumulator, donor, and Growth hormone transformer of the energy in the organism? Insulin +Adenosine triphosphate Dopamine Phosphoenolpyruvate Calcitonin Creatinephosphate Acetyl -КоА 243. A 21-year-old sportsman has been taking anabolic Succinyl-CоА steroids in for three months. How it may affect total protein concentration in the blood serum? 250. Under some compound's action the blocking of +Total protein concentration will rise oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria, Total protein concentration will lower however oxygen consumption takes place and substrates Will not affect are being oxidized. Point compound that uncouples those Immunoglobulin concentration will rise processes. Cholesterol concentration will lower +Thyroxine Adrenalin 244. Parents noticed that their 6-year-old boy lagged Progesterone behind in physical and psychic development. The boy Oestradiol became inattentive, indifferent, incapable to memorize Somatostatin simple educational actions. A doctor suspected in the child’s organism a lack of: 251. Status of the patient's antioxidant system was +Iodine estimated on basis of determination of one endogenous Somatotropin antioxidant content. What namely? Vitamin B1 +Alpha-tocopherol Ferrum Trivalent ferrum Calcium Ornithine Hydrogen peroxide 245. Research of urine composition found a decrease of Cholecalcipherol sodium ions concentration. Which of hormones provides strengthening of sodium reabsorption in the convoluted 252. In a patient with stomatitis and necrotic alterations in tubules of the nephron? the oral cavity an inborn catalase deficiency (acatalasia) +Aldosterone was revealed. This enzyme (catalase) catalyzes the Acetylcholine reaction: Somatostatin +Cleavage of H2O2 to H2O and O2 Adrenaline Cleavage of H2O2 to H2O and O Vasopressin Synthesis of H2O2 Synthesis of ATP 246. A number of enzymes takes part in the ATP synthesis Decarboxylation of α-ketoacids in the cell. Enzymes of the electron transport chain, which provide ATP synthesis, are localized in: 253. Inherited genetic defects lead to the abnormalities in +Mitochondrion synthesis of some enzymes in the human organism. Point Lysosome the enzyme which defect leads to derangements in lactose Nucleus hydrolysis: Peroxisome +Lactase Ribosome Saccharase Maltase 247. Under intoxication by carbon monooxide the tissue Amylase respiration in man is inhibited. Name the enzyme of the Peptidase respiratory chain, which activity is sharply lowering at such conditions. 254. A newborn has diarrhea, vomit, and since some time +Cytochrome oxidase lenticular opacity (cataract) is developed. This disease is Succinate dehydrogenase connected with the abnormalities in the synthesis of the enzyme: +Lactate +Galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase Serine Hexokinase α-Ketoglutarate Glucose 6-phosphatase Aspartic acid Glycogen synthetase Glutamic acid Glucose phosphate 262. The second event of aerobic degradation of glucose in 255. Influence of some hormones on carbohydrate the cell is the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. Point metabolism express in stimulation of the glycogen the main product of this process. degradation. What enzyme catalyzes the first step of the +Acetyl-CoA glycogen degradation with glucose 1-phosphate formation? Oxaloacetate +Glycogen phosphorylase Citrate Glycogen synthetase Pyruvate Phosphofructokinase Succinate Aldolase Pyruvate kinase 263. A suffer from diabetes mellitus got a high dose of insulin. It caused giddiness, loss of consciousness and 256. The order and localization in the cell of the glycolysis spasms. What glucose blood level can be observed under fermentative reactions are determined at present time. Point these conditions? this localization. +2,3 mmol/L +Cytosol 3,5 mmol/L Mitochondria 6,5 mmol/L Golgi apparatus 8,0 mmol/L Lysosomes 12,5 mmol/L Nucleus 264. Hyperglycemic coma has been diagnosed in a patient. 257. It is known that some carbohydrates are not digested What is a blood glucose level possible for these conditions? in the GIT of the human organism. Choose such +18,0 mmol/L carbohydrate. 3,0 mmol/L +Cellulose 9,0 mmol/L Sucrose 5,3 mmol/L Lactose 7,5 mmol/L Starch Glycogen 265. Point a localization of the process of pyruvate oxidative decarboxylation in the cell. 258. A sportsman finished the training. What process +Mitochondria activation gives the result in increasing of lactate in the Cytoplasm blood? Nucleus +Glycolysis Ribosome Gluconeogenesis Endoplasmatic reticulum Tricarboxylic acid cycle Glycogen synthesis 266. A 5-year-old boy is diagnosed cataract, fat Pentose-phosphate pathway degeneration of the liver. Biochemical analysis revealed the increase of blood galactose level and decrease of blood 259.The main source of energy for erythrocytes is glucose level. What metabolic disorder takes place in the glycolysis. What is the energy output of glycolysis? patient? +2 ATP molecules +Galactosemia 7 ATP molecules Fructosemia 5 ATP molecules Glycogen storage disease 3 ATP molecules Diabetes mellitus 4 ATP molecules Porphyria

260. In a 22-year-old woman after aspirin treatment the 267. At aerobic conditions pyruvate is oxidized, with loss signs of hemolytic anemia were observed. It was due to of its carboxyl group by the pyruvate dehydrogenase hereditary deficiency of the pentose phosphate pathway complex, located in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. enzyme – glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase which Point one coenzyme, which is part of this complex: supplies the organism with: +FAD +NADPH FMN FMN Pyridoxal phosphate NAD+ Metyl-cobalamine FAD N-carboxybiotine ATP+НАДФН 268. In a 5-year-old child with an increased body 261. In sportsmen in some time after physical activity the temperature after aspirin treatment an intensive erythrocyte process of gluconeogenesis is activated. Point the substrate haemolysis was observed. What enzyme inherited which is used for this process. defficiency could cause hemolytic anemia in the child? +Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 275. Red blood cells use for their life energy in the form of Glucose-6-phosphatase ATP. Specify the metabolic process that provides Glycogen phosphorylase erythrocytes the necessary quantity of ATP. Glucokinase +Anaerobic glycolysis Gamma-glutamyl transferase Gluconeogenesis pentose phosphate cycle 269. In a 40-year-old patient with schizophrenia normal Beta-oxidation of fatty acids levels of glucose, ketone bodies and urea in the blood were Citric acid cycle observed. Shock therapy by regular insulin injections led to an insulin coma development. After that a psychic state of 276. The main mechanism of ammonia utilization in the the patient became better. What was the most probable organism is the urea biosynthesis. What high-energy reason for the insulin coma? compound formation in the urea synthesis the cycle begins +Hypoglycemia from? Hyperglycemia +Carbamoyl phosphate Tissue dehydratation Citrulline Metabolic acidosis Arginine Glucosuria Argininosuccinate 270. In a man after use of honey on empty stomach hypoglycemia has developed. What inherited disease this 277. Irritability of the nervous system, which can be may specify of? observed under a B6 hypovitaminosis, is connected with the +Fructose intolerance lack of synthesis of a biogenic amine that has an inhibitory Diabetes mellitus effect on the CNS. Name this biogenic amine. Galactosemia +Gamma-aminobutyric acid Glycogen storage disease Histamine Milk intolerance Dopamine Tryptamine 271. One of the stages of aerobic oxidation of glucose is the Serotonin oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. What vitamins take part in this process? 278. A patient has liver function abnormalities. What +PP, B1, B2, pantothenic acid biochemical index is necessary to measure in the blood to A, D, C determine the liver state? H, K, P +ALT Bc, B12, B6 Creatine phosphokinase B5, Bc, B12 Aldolase LDH1 272. In a patient who suffers from enterocolitis diarrhea, Lipase cramps, flatulence have appeared after milk intake. What enzyme deficiency these abnormalities are connected with? 279. Ammonia is generated in different tissues and organs +Lactase and neutralized in the liver by converting into urea. What Maltase amino acid transports it from the skeletal muscles to liver? Saccharase +Alanine Amylase Histidine Glycogen synthase Glycine Serine 273. Avidin – a hen egg protein - is a mighty specific Aspartate inhibitor of the vitamin H-containing enzymes. What conversion from the listed below will be blocked after 280. Ammonia is a toxic compound and its increasing in avidin introduction? the blood is especially dangerous for neurons. What amino +Pyruvate-oxaloacetate acid from the listed below is used as effective remedy that Glucose-pyruvate binds ammonia in the brain? Pyruvate-Glucose +Glutamic Oxaloacetate-Glucose Succinic Glucose-Ribose-5-phosphate Benzoic Hippuric 274.Cleavage of starch and glycogen starts in the oral Sulfosalicylic cavity due to the action of amylase that is excreted by salivary glands. What bonds are hydrolyzed by the enzyme 281. Aminotransferases are the enzymes which transfer in question? amino groups from one compound to another. Point the +α- 1,4-glycosidic acceptor of amino groups. α- 1,6-glycosidic +α-Ketoglutaric acid β- 1,4-glycosidic Lactic acid β- 1,2-glycosidic Succinate α- 1,3-glycosidic Acetone Butyric acid

282. Pancreatic enzymes are transported to the duodenum 289. A 23-year-old man was diagnosed muscular dystrophy in inactive state. Point the enzyme that activates and recommended to use for intensification of the trypsinogen. pyrimidine synthesis… +Enterokinase +Potassium orotate Gastricsin Ascorbic acid Lipase Lipoic acid Pepsin Cocarboxylase Elastase Cyanocobalamin

283. Aminotransferases transfer an amino group from one 290. As a result of abnormality of nucleic acid metabolism compound to another. Now more than 50 aminotransferases the precipitation of some salts in tissues, especially in the are known. Point the substance that is a prosthetic group of joints takes place. That can provoke certain diseases. Point these enzymes. the substance that forms the salts. +В6 +Uric acid В1 Glyoxylate В5 Urea В12 Allantoin РР Lactic acid

284. In a patient the amino acid transport in the intestine 291. A 27-year-old patient went to a doctor with symptoms cells is decreased. What substance participates in the amino of jaundice, high temperature and general weakness. It was acid transport? diagnosed acute viral hepatitis. Which of biochemical +Glutathione indices is prevalent in the peak of jaundice? Antiserine +Conjugated bilirubin Amylase Stercobilin Ornithine Non-conjugated bilirubin Alanine Verdoglobin Biliverdin 285. Point the normal values of gastric juice pH. +1,5-2,5 292. In a patient the increasing of a conjugated bilirubin 4,0-5,0 level in the blood serum was observed, the faeces were 6,8-7,2 light-grey; the urine had a colour of beer. The skin and 1,0-5,0 mucous tunics were yellow. What type of jaundice took 2,0-4,0 place in this case? +Biliary obstruction 286. At alkaptonuria an excessive excretion of Hepatic jaundice homogentisate with the urine takes place. What amino acid Physiologic jaundice metabolism the abnormality of this pathology appearance is Jilber’s disease connected with? Hemolytic jaundice +Tyrosine Phenylalanine 293. To a patient who was diagnosed with viral Alanine conjunctivitis a doctor prescribed eye drops which Methionine contained: Asparagine +DNA-ase RNA-ase 287. Pigment synthesis doesn’t occur at albinism. Trypsin Abnormalities that cause this disease are connected with Penicillin metabolism of the amino acid: Streptocid +Phenylalanine Asparagine 294. One of the main pathogenetic ways of radiation Alanine sickness genesis is a free radical process intensification. Methionine What substances are the primary source of free radicals? Glutamine +Lipids Carbohydrates 288. Mother of a 2-year-old boy told a doctor of a very Proteins unusual smell of urine which resembled the maple syrup Water smell. After carrying the analyses out the diagnosis was Metal ions made. Ketoaciduria of branched acids. Which are these amino acids? 295. For improving sports results a sportsman was +Leucine, valine, recommended to use carnitine. What process is activated by Tyrosine, tryptophan carnitine? Arginine, histidine +Transport of fatty acids Proline, serine, glycine Transport of glucose Phenylalanine, tyrosine Transport of vitamine К Transport of calcium ions Transport of amino acids

296. During one cycle of the beta-oxidation in 303. Choose the right definition to the term “xenobiotics”: + mitochondria 1 FADH2 and 1 NADH(H ) are produced. +Alien substances that enter the human organism and aren’t They pass atoms of hydrogen to the electron transport used in it chain, where in the oxidative phosphorylation are Low molecular weight organic substances that interact with produced: enzyme and modulate its activity +5 АTP Protein catalysts that accelerate reactions in the cell 10 АТP Allosteric effectors 8 АТP Substances that regulate metabolism and development of 15 АТP the organism 3 АТP 304. Cleavage of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in the human 297. Level of cholesterol in the blood of a patient who has organism to salicylic and acetic acids is by type a reaction diabetes mellitus is 12 mmol/L. Point a possible of: complication: +Hydrolysis +Atherosclerosis Isomerization Rickets Conjugation Dermatitis Reduction Paralyses Oxidation Diarrhea

298. The intracellular metabolism of glycerol begins from its activation. What compound is synthesized in the first reaction of its transformation? +α-Glycerolphosphate Pyruvate Choline Lactate Acetyl-CoА

299. In a 12-year-old child type I hyperlipoproteinemia was diagnosed and characterized by a high content of chylomicrons in the blood plasma. The high concentration of chylomicrons was a consequence of the lack of: +Lipoprotein lipase Triacylglycerol lipase Carnitine acyl transferase Cholesterol esterase Phosphokinase

300. Point the end product of β-oxidation of fatty acids with odd number of carbonic atoms. +Propionyl-CoA Succinyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA Acetoacetyl-CoA Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA

301. During fasting ketoacidosis is developing. Increased concentration of which metabolite in blood is a symptom of this condition? +Acetoacetate Oksaloacetate Malonate Acetyl-CoA Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-CoA

302. A process of conjugation in phase II of toxic compound neutralization is fulfilled by means of joining of certain chemical compounds to their functional groups. Choose one of such compounds: +Glucuronic acid Higher fatty acids Cholesterol Glucose Pyruvate

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