Federal Communications Commission § 15.407

one below the carrier center frequency (p) Pulse. A pulse is a continuous and one above the carrier center fre- transmission of a sequence of modula- quency, that are 26 dB down relative to tion symbols, during which the average the maximum level of the modulated symbol envelope power is constant. carrier. Determination of the emissions (q) RLAN. Radio Local Area Network. bandwidth is based on the use of meas- (r) Transmit Power Control (TPC). A urement instrumentation employing a feature that enables a U-NII device to peak detector function with an instru- dynamically switch between several ment resolution bandwidth approxi- transmission power levels in the data mately equal to 1.0 percent of the emis- transmission process. sion bandwidth of the device under (s) U-NII devices. Intentional radi- measurement. ators operating in the frequency bands (j) In-Service Monitoring. A mecha- 5.15–5.35 GHz and 5.470–5.825 GHz that nism to check a channel in use by the use wideband digital modulation tech- U-NII device for the presence of a niques and provide a wide array of high radar. data rate mobile and fixed communica- (k) Non-Occupancy Period. The re- tions for individuals, businesses, and quired period in which, once a channel institutions. has been recognized as containing a [69 FR 2687, Jan. 20, 2004, as amended at 69 radar signal by a U-NII device, the FR 54036, Sept. 7, 2004] channel will not be selected as an available channel. § 15.405 Cross reference. (l) Operating Channel. Once a U-NII (a) The provisions of subparts A, B, device starts to operate on an Avail- and C of this part apply to unlicensed able Channel then that channel be- U-NII devices, except where specific comes the Operating Channel. provisions are contained in subpart E. (m) Peak Power Spectral Density. The Manufacturers should note that this peak power spectral density is the includes the provisions of §§ 15.203 and maximum power spectral density, 15.205. within the specified measurement (b) The requirements of subpart E bandwidth, within the U-NII device op- apply only to the radio transmitter erating band. contained in the U-NII device. Other (n) Maximum Conducted Output Power. aspects of the operation of a U-NII de- The total transmit power delivered to vice may be subject to requirements all antennas and antenna elements contained elsewhere in this chapter. In averaged across all symbols in the sig- particular, a U-NII device that includes naling alphabet when the transmitter digital circuitry not directly associ- is operating at its maximum power ated with the radio transmitter also is control level. Power must be summed subject to the requirements for unin- across all antennas and antenna ele- tentional radiators in subpart B. ments. The average must not include any time intervals during which the [63 FR 40835, July 31, 1998] transmitter is off or is transmitting at a reduced power level. If multiple § 15.407 General technical require- modes of operation are possible (e.g., ments. alternative modulation methods), the (a) Power limits: maximum conducted output power is the (1) For the band 5.15–5.25 GHz, the highest total transmit power occurring maximum conducted output power over in any mode. the frequency band of operation shall (o) Power Spectral Density. The power not exceed the lesser of 50 mW or 4 spectral density is the total energy dBm + 10 log B, where B is the 26–dB output per unit bandwidth from a pulse emission bandwidth in MHz. In addi- or sequence of pulses for which the tion, the peak power spectral density transmit power is at its peak or max- shall not exceed 4 dBm in any 1–MHz imum level, divided by the total dura- band. If transmitting antennas of di- tion of the pulses. This total time does rectional gain greater than 6 dBi are not include the time between pulses used, both the maximum conducted during which the transmit power is off output power and the peak power spec- or below its maximum level. tral density shall be reduced by the

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amount in dB that the directional gain NOTE TO PARAGRAPH (a)(3): The Commission of the antenna exceeds 6 dBi. strongly recommends that parties employing (2) For the 5.25–5.35 GHz and 5.47–5.725 U-NII devices to provide critical communications services should determine if there are GHz bands, the maximum conducted any nearby Government radar systems that output power over the frequency bands could affect their operation. of operation shall not exceed the lesser of 250 mW or 11 dBm + 10 log B, where (4) The maximum conducted output B is the 26 dB emission bandwidth in power must be measured over any in- megahertz. In addition, the peak power terval of continuous transmission spectral density shall not exceed 11 using instrumentation calibrated in dBm in any 1 megahertz band. If trans- terms of an rms-equivalent voltage. mitting antennas of directional gain The measurement results shall be prop- greater than 6 dBi are used, both the erly adjusted for any instrument limi- maximum conducted output power and tations, such as detector response the peak power spectral density shall times, limited resolution bandwidth be reduced by the amount in dB that capability when compared to the emis- the directional gain of the antenna ex- sion bandwidth, sensitivity, etc., so as ceeds 6 dBi. to obtain a true peak measurement (3) For the band 5.725–5.825 GHz, the conforming to the above definitions for maximum conducted output power over the emission in question. the frequency band of operation shall (5) The peak power spectral density is not exceed the lesser of 1 W or 17 dBm measured as a conducted emission by + 10 log B, where B is the 26-dB emis- direct connection of a calibrated test sion bandwidth in MHz. In addition, instrument to the equipment under the peak power spectral density shall test. If the device cannot be connected not exceed 17 dBm in any 1–MHz band. directly, alternative techniques accept- If transmitting antennas of directional able to the Commission may be used. gain greater than 6 dBi are used, both Measurements are made over a band- the maximum conducted output power width of 1 MHz or the 26 dB emission and the peak power spectral density bandwidth of the device, whichever is shall be reduced by the amount in dB less. A resolution bandwidth less than that the directional gain of the an- the measurement bandwidth can be tenna exceeds 6 dBi. However, fixed used, provided that the measured point-to-point U-NII devices operating power is integrated to show total in this band may employ transmitting power over the measurement band- antennas with directional gain up to 23 width. If the resolution bandwidth is dBi without any corresponding reduc- approximately equal to the measure- tion in the transmitter peak output ment bandwidth, and much less than power or peak power spectral density. the emission bandwidth of the equip- For fixed, point-to-point U-NII trans- ment under test, the measured results mitters that employ a directional an- shall be corrected to account for any tenna gain greater than 23 dBi, a 1 dB difference between the resolution band- reduction in peak transmitter power width of the test instrument and its ac- and peak power spectral density for tual noise bandwidth. each 1 dB of antenna gain in excess of (6) The ratio of the peak excursion of 23 dBi would be required. Fixed, point- the modulation envelope (measured to-point operations exclude the use of using a peak hold function) to the max- point-to-multipoint systems, imum conducted output power (meas- omnidirectional applications, and mul- ured as specified above) shall not ex- tiple collocated transmitters transmit- ceed 13 dB across any 1 MHz bandwidth ting the same information. The oper- or the emission bandwidth whichever is ator of the U-NII device, or if the less. equipment is professionally installed, (b) Undesirable emission limits: Except the installer, is responsible for ensur- as shown in paragraph (b)(6) of this sec- ing that systems employing high gain tion, the peak emissions outside of the directional antennas are used exclu- frequency bands of operation shall be sively for fixed, point-to-point oper- attenuated in accordance with the fol- ations. lowing limits:

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(1) For transmitters operating in the codes used by certain digital tech- 5.15–5.25 GHz band: all emissions out- nologies to complete frame or burst in- side of the 5.15–5.35 GHz band shall not tervals. Applicants shall include in exceed an EIRP of –27 dBm/MHz. their application for equipment au- (2) For transmitters operating in the thorization a description of how this 5.25–5.35 GHz band: all emissions out- requirement is met. side of the 5.15–5.35 GHz band shall not (d) [Reserved] exceed an EIRP of –27 dBm/MHz. De- (e) Within the 5.15–5.25 GHz band, U- vices operating in the 5.25–5.35 GHz NII devices will be restricted to indoor band that generate emissions in the operations to reduce any potential for 5.15–5.25 GHz band must meet all appli- harmful interference to co-channel cable technical requirements for oper- MSS operations. ation in the 5.15–5.25 GHz band (includ- (f) U-NII devices are subject to the ing indoor use) or alternatively meet radio frequency radiation exposure re- an out-of-band emission EIRP limit of quirements specified in § 1.1307(b), –27 dBm/MHz in the 5.15–5.25 GHz band. § 2.1091 and § 2.1093 of this chapter, as (3) For transmitters operating in the appropriate. All equipment shall be 5.47–5.725 GHz band: all emissions out- considered to operate in a ‘‘general side of the 5.47–5.725 GHz band shall not population/uncontrolled’’ environment. exceed an EIRP of ¥27 dBm/MHz. Applications for equipment authoriza- (4) For transmitters operating in the tion of devices operating under this 5.725–5.825 GHz band: all emissions section must contain a statement con- within the frequency range from the firming compliance with these require- band edge to 10 MHz above or below the ments for both fundamental emissions band edge shall not exceed an EIRP of and unwanted emissions. Technical in- –17 dBm/MHz; for frequencies 10 MHz or formation showing the basis for this greater above or below the band edge, statement must be submitted to the emissions shall not exceed an EIRP of Commission upon request. –27 dBm/MHz. (5) The emission measurements shall (g) Manufacturers of U-NII devices be performed using a minimum resolu- are responsible for ensuring frequency tion bandwidth of 1 MHz. A lower reso- stability such that an emission is lution bandwidth may be employed maintained within the band of oper- near the band edge, when necessary, ation under all conditions of normal provided the measured energy is inte- operation as specified in the users man- grated to show the total power over 1 ual. MHz. (h) Transmit Power Control (TPC) (6) Unwanted emissions below 1 GHz and Dynamic Frequency Selection must comply with the general field (DFS). strength limits set forth in § 15.209. (1) Transmit power control (TPC). U- Further, any U-NII devices using an AC NII devices operating in the 5.25–5.35 power line are required to comply also GHz band and the 5.47–5.725 GHz band with the conducted limits set forth in shall employ a TPC mechanism. The U- § 15.207. NII device is required to have the capa- (7) The provisions of § 15.205 apply to bility to operate at least 6 dB below intentional radiators operating under the mean EIRP value of 30 dBm. A TPC this section. mechanism is not required for systems (8) When measuring the emission lim- with an e.i.r.p. of less than 500 mW. its, the nominal carrier frequency shall (2) Radar Detection Function of Dy- be adjusted as close to the upper and namic Frequency Selection (DFS). U- lower frequency block edges as the de- NII devices operating in the 5.25–5.35 sign of the equipment permits. GHz and 5.47–5.725 GHz bands shall em- (c) The device shall automatically ploy a DFS radar detection mechanism discontinue transmission in case of ei- to detect the presence of radar systems ther absence of information to trans- and to avoid co-channel operation with mit or operational failure. These provi- radar systems. The minimum DFS de- sions are not intended to preclude the tection threshold for devices with a transmission of control or signalling maximum e.i.r.p. of 200 mW to 1 W is information or the use of repetitive ¥64 dBm. For devices that operate

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with less than 200 mW e.i.r.p. the min- § 15.501 Scope. ¥ imum detection threshold is 62 dBm. This subpart sets out the regulations The detection threshold is the received for unlicensed ultra-wideband trans- power averaged over 1 microsecond ref- mission systems. erenced to a 0 dBi antenna. The DFS process shall be required to provide a § 15.503 Definitions. uniform spreading of the loading over (a) UWB bandwidth. For the purpose all the available channels. of this subpart, the UWB bandwidth is (i) Operational Modes. The DFS re- the frequency band bounded by the quirement applies to the following points that are 10 dB below the highest operational modes: radiated emission, as based on the com- (A) The requirement for channel plete transmission system including availability check time applies in the the antenna. The upper boundary is master operational mode. designated fH and the lower boundary is (B) The requirement for channel designated fL. The frequency at which move time applies in both the master the highest radiated emission occurs is and slave operational modes. designated fM. (b) Center frequency. The center fre- (ii) Channel Availability Check Time. quency, fC, equals (fH + fL)/2. A U-NII device shall check if there is a (c) Fractional bandwidth. The frac- radar system already operating on the tional bandwidth equals 2(f ¥f )/ (f + channel before it can initiate a trans- H L H fL). mission on a channel and when it has (d) Ultra-wideband (UWB) transmitter. to move to a new channel. The U-NII An intentional radiator that, at any device may start using the channel if point in time, has a fractional band- no radar signal with a power level width equal to or greater than 0.20 or greater than the interference threshold has a UWB bandwidth equal to or values listed in paragraph (h)(2) of this greater than 500 MHz, regardless of the part, is detected within 60 seconds. fractional bandwidth. (iii) Channel Move Time. After a ra- (e) Imaging system. A general category dar’s presence is detected, all trans- consisting of ground penetrating radar missions shall cease on the operating systems, medical imaging systems, channel within 10 seconds. Trans- wall imaging systems through-wall im- missions during this period shall con- aging systems and surveillance sys- sist of normal traffic for a maximum of tems. As used in this subpart, imaging 200 ms after detection of the radar sig- systems do not include systems de- nal. In addition, intermittent manage- signed to detect the location of tags or systems used to transfer voice or data ment and control signals can be sent information. during the remaining time to facilitate (f) Ground penetrating radar (GPR) vacating the operating channel. system. A field disturbance sensor that (iv) Non-occupancy Period. A channel is designed to operate only when in that has been flagged as containing a contact with, or within one meter of, radar system, either by a channel the ground for the purpose of detecting availability check or in-service moni- or obtaining the images of buried ob- toring, is subject to a non-occupancy jects or determining the physical prop- period of at least 30 minutes. The non- erties within the ground. The energy occupancy period starts at the time from the GPR is intentionally directed when the radar system is detected. down into the ground for this purpose. (g) Medical imaging system. A field dis- [63 FR 40836, July 31, 1998, as amended at 69 FR 2687, Jan. 20, 2004; 69 FR 54036, Sept. 7, turbance sensor that is designed to de- 2004] tect the location or movement of objects within the body of a person or animal. Subpart F—Ultra-Wideband (h) Wall imaging system. A field dis- Operation turbance sensor that is designed to detect the location of objects contained SOURCE: 67 FR 34856, May 16, 2002, unless within a ‘‘wall’’ or to determine the otherwise noted. physical properties within the ‘‘wall.’’

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