Comparison of Bit Error Rate and Power Spectral Density on the Ultra Wideband Impulse Radio Systems
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Measurement Techniques of Ultra-Wideband Transmissions
Rec. ITU-R SM.1754-0 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SM.1754-0* Measurement techniques of ultra-wideband transmissions (2006) Scope Taking into account that there are two general measurement approaches (time domain and frequency domain) this Recommendation gives the appropriate techniques to be applied when measuring UWB transmissions. Keywords Ultra-wideband( UWB), international transmissions, short-duration pulse The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that intentional transmissions from devices using ultra-wideband (UWB) technology may extend over a very large frequency range; b) that devices using UWB technology are being developed with transmissions that span numerous radiocommunication service allocations; c) that UWB technology may be integrated into many wireless applications such as short- range indoor and outdoor communications, radar imaging, medical imaging, asset tracking, surveillance, vehicular radar and intelligent transportation; d) that a UWB transmission may be a sequence of short-duration pulses; e) that UWB transmissions may appear as noise-like, which may add to the difficulty of their measurement; f) that the measurements of UWB transmissions are different from those of conventional radiocommunication systems; g) that proper measurements and assessments of power spectral density are key issues to be addressed for any radiation, noting a) that terms and definitions for UWB technology and devices are given in Recommendation ITU-R SM.1755; b) that there are two general measurement approaches, time domain and frequency domain, with each having a particular set of advantages and disadvantages, recommends 1 that techniques described in Annex 1 to this Recommendation should be considered when measuring UWB transmissions. * Radiocommunication Study Group 1 made editorial amendments to this Recommendation in the years 2018 and 2019 in accordance with Resolution ITU-R 1. -
Boundaries of Signal-To-Noise Ratio for Adaptive Code Modulations
BOUNDARIES OF SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO FOR ADAPTIVE CODE MODULATIONS A Thesis by Krittetash Pinyoanuntapong Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering, Wichita State University, 2014 Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and the faculty of the Graduate School of Wichita State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science July 2016 © Copyright 2016 by Krittetash Pinyoanuntapong All Rights Reserved BOUNDARIES OF SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO FOR ADAPTIVE CODE MODULATIONS The following faculty members have examined the final copy of this thesis for form and content, and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Electrical Engineering. ______________________________________ Hyuck M. Kwon, Committee Chair ______________________________________ Pu Wang, Committee Member ______________________________________ Thomas DeLillo, Committee Member iii DEDICATION To my parents, my sister, my brother, and my dear friends iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank all the people who contributed in some way to the work described in this thesis. First and foremost, I am very grateful to my advisor, Dr. Hyuck M. Kwon, for giving me the opportunity to be part of this research and for providing the impetus, means, and support that enabled me to work on the project. I deeply appreciate his concern, appreciation, and encouragement, which enabled me to graduate. Additionally, I thank Dr. Thomas K. DeLillo and Dr. Pu Wang, who graciously agreed to serve on my committee and for spending their time at my thesis presentation. Thank you and the best of luck in your future endeavors. -
Bit Error Rate Analysis of OFDM
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 04| Apr -2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Bit Error Rate Analysis of OFDM Nishu Baliyan1, Manish Verma2 1M.Tech Scholar, Digital Communication Sobhasaria Engineering College (SEC), Sikar (Rajasthan Technical University) (RTU), Rajasthan India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sobhasaria Engineering College (SEC), Sikar (Rajasthan Technical University) (RTU), Rajasthan India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing or estimations and translations or, as mentioned OFDM is a modulation format that is being used for many of previously, in mobile digital links that may also the latest wireless and telecommunications standards. OFDM introduce significant Doppler shift. Orthogonal has been adopted in the Wi-Fi arena where the standards like frequency division multiplexing has also been adopted 802.11a, 802.11n, 802.11ac and more. It has also been chosen for a number of broadcast standards from DAB Digital for the cellular telecommunications standard LTE / LTE-A, Radio to the Digital Video Broadcast standards, DVB. It and in addition to this it has been adopted by other standards has also been adopted for other broadcast systems as such as WiMAX and many more. The paper focuses on The MATLAB simulation of Orthogonality of multiple input well -
Performance Comparisons of Broadband Power Line Communication Technologies
applied sciences Article Performance Comparisons of Broadband Power Line Communication Technologies Young Mo Chung Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul 02876, Korea; [email protected]; Tel.: +82-2-760-4342 Received: 5 April 2020; Accepted: 6 May 2020 ; Published: 9 May 2020 Abstract: Broadband power line communication (PLC) is used as a communication technique for advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) in Korea. High-speed (HS) PLC specified in ISO/IEC12139-1 and HomePlug Green PHY (HPGP) are deployed for remote metering. Recently, internet of things (IoT) PLC has been proposed for reliable communications on harsh power line channels. In this paper, the physical layer performance of IoT PLC, HPGP, and HS PLC is evaluated and compared. Three aspects of the performance are evaluated: the bit rate, power spectrum, and bit error rate (BER). An expression for the bit rate for IoT PLC and HPGP is derived while taking the padding bits and number of tones in use into consideration. The power spectrum is obtained through computer simulations. For the BER performance comparisons, the upper bound of the BER for each PLC standard is evaluated through computer simulations. Keywords: advanced metering infrastructure; power line communication; IoT PLC; HPGP; ISO/IEC 12139-1; HS PLC; bit error rate 1. Introduction In a smart grid, the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is responsible for collecting data from consumer utilities and giving commands to them. AMI consists of smart meters, communication networks, and data managing systems [1,2]. An important challenge in building an AMI is choosing a cost-effective communication network [2–4]. -
Estimation of BER from Error Vector Magnitude for Optical Coherent Systems
hv photonics Article Estimation of BER from Error Vector Magnitude for Optical Coherent Systems Irshaad Fatadin National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK; [email protected]; Tel.: +44-020-8943-6244 Received: 22 March 2016; Accepted: 19 April 2016; Published: 21 April 2016 Abstract: This paper presents the estimation of bit error ratio (BER) from error vector magnitude (EVM) for M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) formats in optical coherent systems employing carrier phase recovery with differential decoding to compensate for laser phase noise. Simulation results show that the relationship to estimate BER from EVM analysis for data-aided reception can also be applied to nondata-aided reception with a correction factor for different combined linewidth symbol duration product at the target BER of 10−3. It is demonstrated that the calibrated BER, which would otherwise be underestimated without the correction factor, can reliably monitor the performance of optical coherent systems near the target BER for quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 16-QAM, and 64-QAM. Keywords: error vector magnitude (EVM); quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM); carrier phase recovery 1. Introduction Spectrally-efficient modulation formats are currently receiving significant attention for next-generation high-capacity optical communication systems [1–3]. With information encoded on both the amplitude and phase of the optical carrier for M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), accurate measurement analysis needs to be developed to quantify the novel modulation schemes and to reliably predict the performance of optical coherent systems. A number of performance metrics, such as bit error ratio (BER), eye diagram, Q-factor, and, more recently, error vector magnitude (EVM), can be used in optical communications to assess the quality of the transmitted signals [4–6]. -
On the Bit Error Rate of Repeated Error-Correcting Codes
On the bit error rate of repeated error-correcting codes Weihao Gao and Yury Polyanskiy Abstract—Classically, error-correcting codes are studied with We emphasize that the last observation suggests that conven- respect to performance metrics such as minimum distance tional decoders of block codes should not be used in the cases (combinatorial) or probability of bit/block error over a given of significant defect densities. stochastic channel. In this paper, a different metric is considered. We proceed to discussing the basic framework and some It is assumed that the block code is used to repeatedly encode user data. The resulting stream is subject to adversarial noise of known results. given power, and the decoder is required to reproduce the data A. General Setting of Joint-Source Channel Coding with minimal possible bit-error rate. This setup may be viewed as a combinatorial joint source-channel coding. The aforementioned problem may be alternatively formal- Two basic results are shown for the achievable noise-distortion ized as a combinatorial (or adversarial) joint-source channel tradeoff: the optimal performance for decoders that are informed coding (JSCC) as proposed in [1]. The gist of it for the binary of the noise power, and global bounds for decoders operating in source and symmetric channel (BSSC) can be summarized by complete oblivion (with respect to noise level). General results the following are applied to the Hamming [7; 4; 3] code, for which it is k n Definition 1: Consider a pair of maps f : F2 ! F2 demonstrated (among other things) that no oblivious decoder n k exist that attains optimality for all noise levels simultaneously. -
Quantum Noise and Quantum Measurement
Quantum noise and quantum measurement Aashish A. Clerk Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2T8 1 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Quantum noise spectral densities: some essential features 2 2.1 Classical noise basics 2 2.2 Quantum noise spectral densities 3 2.3 Brief example: current noise of a quantum point contact 9 2.4 Heisenberg inequality on detector quantum noise 10 3 Quantum limit on QND qubit detection 16 3.1 Measurement rate and dephasing rate 16 3.2 Efficiency ratio 18 3.3 Example: QPC detector 20 3.4 Significance of the quantum limit on QND qubit detection 23 3.5 QND quantum limit beyond linear response 23 4 Quantum limit on linear amplification: the op-amp mode 24 4.1 Weak continuous position detection 24 4.2 A possible correlation-based loophole? 26 4.3 Power gain 27 4.4 Simplifications for a detector with ideal quantum noise and large power gain 30 4.5 Derivation of the quantum limit 30 4.6 Noise temperature 33 4.7 Quantum limit on an \op-amp" style voltage amplifier 33 5 Quantum limit on a linear-amplifier: scattering mode 38 5.1 Caves-Haus formulation of the scattering-mode quantum limit 38 5.2 Bosonic Scattering Description of a Two-Port Amplifier 41 References 50 1 Introduction The fact that quantum mechanics can place restrictions on our ability to make measurements is something we all encounter in our first quantum mechanics class. One is typically presented with the example of the Heisenberg microscope (Heisenberg, 1930), where the position of a particle is measured by scattering light off it. -
Analytical Performance Evaluation of a Wireless Mobile Communication System with Space Diversity
ANALYTICAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A WIRELESS MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH SPACE DIVERSITY Mohammed Jabir Mowla Student ID: 053100 Mohammad Shabab Zaman Student ID: 05310054 Department of Computer Science and Engineering September 2007 Declaration We hereby declare that this thesis is my own unaided work, and hereby certify that unless otherwise stated, all work contained within this paper is ours to the best of our knowledge. This thesis is being submitted for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Engineering at BRAC University. Mohammed Jabir Mowla Mohammad Shabab Zaman ii Acknowledgements We would like to thank our supervisor, Professor Dr. Satya Prasad Majumder for his patience, guidance and expertise throughout this thesis. We are grateful to the following people for their helpful advices and assistance: • Dr. Sayeed Salam – Chairperson Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering BRAC University • Dr. Mumit Khan - Associate Professor Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering BRAC University • Dr. Tarik Ahmed Chowdhury - Assistant Professor Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering BRAC University iii Abstract A theoretical analysis is presented to evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performance of a wireless communication system with space diversity to combat the effect of fading. Multiple receiving antennas with single transmitting antenna are considered with slow and fast fading. Performance results are evaluated for a number of receive antennas and the improvement in receiver performance is evaluated at a specific error probability -
Analysis of Bit Error Rate on M-Ary QAM Over Gaussian and Rayleigh Fading Channel
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-9 Issue-6, April 2020 Analysis of Bit Error Rate on M-ary QAM over Gaussian and Rayleigh Fading Channel V Sangeetha, P.N. Sudha Abstract: Transmission of signal over long distance through aided, Rayleigh fading channel described on Clarke and the channel will result in poor signal quality reception at the Gans model. The results indicate that there is an increase in receiver. The Signal quality is affected by means of fading and it error rates as the M value increases. It is also observed that can be minimized by using effective modulation techniques. M- ary QAM is one of the effective modulation techniques as it has the error rate in Rayleigh fading channel is also higher higher efficiency and effective form of modulation for data. M- compared to AWGN channel. QAM is a modulation where data bit selects M combinations of Lit[2] describes about BER of QAM-OFDM by using amplitude and phase shifts that are applied to carrier. The constellation diagram and the simulated data compared with analysis carried out based on Bit Error Rate on various M - the help of MAT LAB simulation tool. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation schemes like 16 -QAM, 64- Lit[3] describes about the studies done on QAM like SQAM QAM and 256- QAM over Gaussian and Rayleigh Fading channel. The input data entered into QAM modulator then and TQAM compared to AWGN and Nakagami-m fading transmits over Gaussian channel and the QAM demodulator is channels, the subsequent BER or SER are obtained and on performed at the receiver. -
Reducing the Bit Error Rate of a Digital Communication System Using an Error-Control Coding Technique Dauda E
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 8, Issue 4, April-2017 625 ISSN 2229-5518 Reducing the Bit Error Rate of a Digital Communication System using an Error-control Coding Technique Dauda E. Mshelia, Peter Y. Dibal, Samuel Isuwa Abstract - Digital communication systems have played a vital role in the growing demand for data communications. In communication systems when data is transmitted or received, error is produced due to unwanted noise and interference from the communication channel. For efficient data communications it is necessary to receive the data without error. Error-control coding technique is to detect and possibly correct errors by introducing redundancy to the stream of bits to be sent to a channel. In this paper error rate reduction is simulated and analyzed using hamming code in MATLAB/Simulink environment. It was found that the injected bit errors reduced considerably using a hamming code. Keywords— Bit Error Rate, Data, Error-control code, MATLAB/Simulink, Noise. —————————— u —————————— The distortion in the waveform is as a result of unwanted 1 INTRODUCTION noise and interference. This can be regenerated using a digital Recent technological advancement in communication repeater to recover it to its original state. However, this is not systems has seen an evolution from analog communication achievable for analog signals. In this paper, a digital systems to digital communication systems[1]. This is as a communication system with injected bit error was simulated. result of increasing demand in data communication and Analysis of the error reduction rate using a block coding digital communication gives the perfect solution to this technique was carried out in the MATLAB/Simulink demand. -
Wavelets T( )= T( ) G F( ) F ,T ( )D F
Notes on Wavelets- Sandra Chapman (MPAGS: Time series analysis) Wavelets Recall: we can choose ! f (t ) as basis on which we expand, ie: y(t ) = " y f (t ) = "G f ! f (t ) f f ! f may be orthogonal – chosen for "appropriate" properties. # This is equivalent to the transform: y(t ) = $ G( f )!( f ,t )d f "# We have discussed !( f ,t ) = e2!ift for the Fourier transform. Now choose different Kernel- in particular to achieve space-time localization. Main advantage- offers complete space-time localization (which may deal with issues of non- stationarity) whilst retaining scale invariant property of the ! . First, why not just use (windowed) short time DFT to achieve space-time localization? Wavelets- we can optimize i.e. have a short time interval at high frequencies, and a long time interval at low frequencies; i.e. simple Wavelet can in principle be constructed as a band- pass Fourier process. A subset of wavelets are orthogonal (energy preserving c.f Parseval theorem) and have inverse transforms. Finite time domain DFT Wavelet- note scale parameter s 1 Notes on Wavelets- Sandra Chapman (MPAGS: Time series analysis) So at its simplest, a wavelet transform is simply a collection of windowed band pass filters applied to the Fourier transform- and this is how wavelet transforms are often computed (as in Matlab). However we will want to impose some desirable properties, invertability (orthogonality) and completeness. Continuous Fourier transform: " m 1 T / 2 2!ifmt !2!ifmt x(t ) = Sme , fm = Sm = x(t )e dt # "!T / 2 m=!" T T ! i( n!m)x with orthogonality: e dx = 2!"mn "!! " x(t ) = # S( f )e2!ift df continuous Fourier transform pair: !" " S( f ) = # x(t )e!2!ift dt !" Continuous Wavelet transform: $ W !,a = x t " * t dt ( ) % ( ) ! ,a ( ) #$ 1 $ & $ ) da x(t) = ( W (!,a)"! ! ,a d! + 2 C % % a " 0 '#$ * 1 $ t # " ' Where the mother wavelet is ! " ,a (t) = ! & ) where ! is the shift parameter and a a % a ( is the scale (dilation) parameter (we can generalize to have a scaling function a(t)). -
The Power Spectral Density of Phase Noise and Jitter: Theory, Data Analysis, and Experimental Results by Gil Engel
AN-1067 APPLICATION NOTE One Technology Way • P. O. Box 9106 • Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. • Tel: 781.329.4700 • Fax: 781.461.3113 • www.analog.com The Power Spectral Density of Phase Noise and Jitter: Theory, Data Analysis, and Experimental Results by Gil Engel INTRODUCTION GENERAL DESCRIPTION Jitter on analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converter sam- There are numerous techniques for generating clocks used in pling clocks presents a limit to the maximum signal-to-noise electronic equipment. Circuits include R-C feedback circuits, ratio that can be achieved (see Integrated Analog-to-Digital and timers, oscillators, and crystals and crystal oscillators. Depend- Digital-to-Analog Converters by van de Plassche in the References ing on circuit requirements, less expensive sources with higher section). In this application note, phase noise and jitter are defined. phase noise (jitter) may be acceptable. However, recent devices The power spectral density of phase noise and jitter is developed, demand better clock performance and, consequently, more time domain and frequency domain measurement techniques costly clock sources. Similar demands are placed on the spectral are described, limitations of laboratory equipment are explained, purity of signals sampled by converters, especially frequency and correction factors to these techniques are provided. The synthesizers used as sources in the testing of current higher theory presented is supported with experimental results applied performance converters. In the following section, definitions to a real world problem. of phase noise and jitter are presented. Then a mathematical derivation is developed relating phase noise and jitter to their frequency representation.