Author of Evergreens, Manual on the Peony, the Phlox and the Iris

Home , Iris (plant)

TH E $ US. O h b e auti ful $ b e auti ful ﬂ o we r $ Th e wa rd of th e s un b e am a n d s h owe r ‘ In garme nt s of wove n d e light , O f t h e sun s e t , Auror a a n d l ight . Whil e ove r th y b e auty t h e re plays u d S ch bl e n d in g of c olor a nd sh a e .

Su c h d el icat e t in tin g a nd rays , a Wel l b ecomin g a h e ave n ly m i d . E th e r e al l ove ly an d swe et ,

Thy pr e s e nc e we j oyously gr e e t .

h T y M oth e r , fa i r Iri s , in b e auty supre me ,

v Took al l h e r rich fa b ric s of l o e l i e st s h ee n ,

Th e rob e s of t h e rai nb ow , ﬂowe r ga rd e n of ai r , O f b ewild e rin g b e auty , re spl e n d en tly fa ir , An d mad e for h e r ch il d s uch a dazzling d re s s

’ N o e r d a ugh t e r of roy a lty e c o u l d pos s e s s .

h e r i Th ough form s e ems s o fragil e , yet won dr ously b rav ,

t h e N o r t h l a n Away in d wh er e ﬁ e rc e t emp e st rave , _ Sh e wake s fr om h e r sl e ep i n h e r cradl e of sn ow

o n An d b eams th e worl d with a ra dia n t glow .

t h e Away on pl a in s i n t h e drought an d t h e h eat ,

l o Sh e i s ch e e r fu ly waiti ng admi re r s t gre et . To h e r fa ir y pre s en c e m u st e-ve r bel ong

Th e t ribut e of pra is e a n d th e ra pture of s ong . — H . C . S arri s on

TO B OTH M F R ER NURS E RY E N AND L ORI STS .

Why t h i s al most t otal n egl ect of on e of th e most b eaut iful famili e s

' o f' ﬂ owe r s on wh ich t h e s u n sh in e s $ A ﬁ rm s ell ing wort h of st ock a ye ar t el l m e Th e re i s $ N ’ Y O U 1 . H Y DO n o cal l for th em . We h ardly s ell 00 a ye a r W T $ MAK E A CAL L Fi ft e e n ye a rs ago you could h a rdly s ell a pe ony . Thre e edit i on s of th e pe ony man ual s ca tt e r ed b roadc a st have mad e a differ

e nc e . La st fal l we h ad t o tur n down a call for I s n ot your b usi n e s s s omet h ing mor e t ha n d olla r ch as ing $ I s it

D H s e right t o l e t Tom , ick an d arry t th e pac e an d you fall in th e h re a r an d l et t em run t hi ngs . Why n ot e nt e r on a wid e campaign of

ﬂ w e r . o . publ icity We h ave don e s ometh i ng t o in troduce th i s . We

“ h ave foun d more ca s h a n d pl e a s ur e i n it th an i n anyth in g we eve r

h an dl e d . We s el l a ye ar . You could do a s we ll or b ett e r . Why

o — o i gn or e t hi s b on t o t h e publ ic th is b r ad ﬁ eld of pl ea s ur e and proﬁt . H ON C . S . ARRI S

P P a n d . Aut h or o f ve rgre e n s M an ual on th e e ony , th e h l ox th e Ir i s E , — — w B e in g c omple t e u p t o d at e ork s .

s 25 C e nts e a c h in St a mp . FLO R E N TI NA ALBA DE D I C ATE D

i o n r H a rr i s on wh o b pers i st e n c e a n d u n t i r n e e g y

f H ort ic ultur e , a large

in h place pub l ic e st e e m , doing t e ir to t hi s a mor e b e aut i ful an d h appi e r woria. T N I NTROD UC I O .

A TAL K WI T H M Y F RIE NDS .

S in ce 70 ye ar s of age , wh e n worn with t h e a rduous t oil of pro

' fe s s io n a l l ife I h ave b e en procl aimin g th e Gospe l o f B e a u t y which I h s t an d s n ext t o th e gospe l of G rac e . writ e for pap e rs avi ng over a “ t h e G e r mill ion circul at i on , an d h ave publi s h e d old M i n in th e F ont P P Yard , th r e e e d it ion s of th e e ony M a n ual , two of th e hl ox , on e on E “ l H $ vergr e en s . Ad orn i ng th e B eu ah Lan d of th e ith e r S h ore and “ $ H n ow t o b e an E xt in guish e d M in i st e r , b e s id e s on e e d it i o of th e

Iri s M an ual an d n ow r eady t o i s s ue an ot h e r .

Th e I ris i s s uch a n ume r ous family , cont in ui ng s o l on g i n bl oom a n d with s ome va ri eti e s of in d is c r ib a bl e b e auty an d a s t h e r e i s s uch a b road ﬁ el d for n e w va ri e t i e s th at t h ough n e arly 83 ye ar s old I h ave p rayed t hat my life migh t b e spar e d t il l I coul d i n troduc e th i s wond er ful an d ch a rmin g family t o th e worl d a s t h e comin g ﬂowe r . I am grat eful for th e cord ial r ec ept i on you h ave given my forme r “ $ works an d h ave e nd e avor e d t o m ak e th e l ast th e b e st .

h B e a u t y is We a lt .

b N n . Ra is e a pl en ty of it a n d b e r ich . o i ve stme n t can pay ett er You b uil d a n ew h ous e at gr e at expe n s e an d it b e gi n s t o det e r iora t e

fu r n i from th e mom en t you e n t er it . In a s h ort t im e your b e auti ful tur e b ecome s s ec on d h an d . Ou t in your ya rd you pl ant a S ilve r Spruc e o r Ra dian t Concol or 1 00 . which might cost $5. In a fe w ye a r s $ c oul d n ot buy it You buy a 1 50 Chin e s e Tre e Lilac for $ . It i s d e s t in ed t o b e a foot t h rough an d

fe et t all , c rown e d with a mantl e of s n owy wh it e , h on ey s c e nt e d b l oom , on e of t h e most att ract ive t re e s on e arth . Wh e n in it s full n e s s of spl en d or mon ey woul d n ot ge t it . P e on i e s d oubl e ev ery two ye ar s , wh ich giv e s you 50 pe r ce nt int er n e st o your mon ey . An d th e r adi ant Iri s in ga rme n t s of woven

d elight give s you t en fr om on e i n two ye a rs . B e aut ify your gr oun ds an d doubl e t h e valu e of your l an d . It mak e s a gr e at d iffer e nce wh eth e r yo u r yard is a la n d scape of b e auty or a pa st ur e for pigs or

a h ospit al for di s abl e d machi n e ry .

Fl o e s a r n i w r e a A d t o H e a lt h .

Th e happin e s s of th e wi fe an d moth er de p e n ds much on h e r s ur

. round i ngs Th e s oul of a woma n hun ge r s for th e b e aut iful . M a ny a G woma n h a s sl owly pin ed away an d di e d of s t arvat i on of s oul . ive

h e r th e compan ion s hip of th e m ost b e aut iful , t h e pur e st , b e st dre s s e d

an d b e st b ehaved compan y on ea rt h an d h e r s pir it i s s at i sﬁ e d . H E CTO R S H AKE S PE AR E MANUAL ON TH E I RI S 3

I n t h e ‘ e a rl y d ays i n a n ew c oun t ry whil e my mot h e r wa s ra is in g

n h e r ch il dr e n w e di d n ot kn ow s h e car e d much for ﬂowers . B ut wh e w e w e r e all go n e s h e t urn e d t o t h ei r cult ivation . On e of t h e pl e a s a n t e s t mem or i e s of lif e wa s s e e ing h e r amon g h e r favor it e s wh o welc ome d h e r wi th t h ei r s m il e s . H e r own d e a r wh ite h e a d lik e a n E a st e r n Lily a mon g th e m a n d t h e fair e st of all . S h e wa s pr eparing “ t o e n t e r t h e l a n d wh e r e ev e rl a s tin g spri n g ab id e s an d n eve r wit he r

$ in g ﬂower s .

We pity t h e n obl e wom e n , h eroin e s t h ey ar e , wh o h ave he lp ed H b uild t h e foun dat ion s of a mighty empir e . ow t h e y have t oil e d an d

s uffe r e d al l alo n g th e l in e of t h e a dva ncing front i e r . S oul s ach ing h for a lit tl e of t h e b e auty w ich ha s b e e n d e n i e d t he m . D o you kn ow D a gar de n of ﬂ owe r s i s t h e b e s t oct or a woma n can h av e . Onc e on a ' D w a s in v it e d vi s it t o ulut h I t o t e a by on e of th e l e ad ing l awye r s . His — wife wa s a ch a rmi ng an d i nt e ll ige n t woma n a m emb e r of th e G ard e n

S oci et y . S h e us e d t o b e fr a il a n d s ickly . I congratulat e d h e r on h e r i mpr ove d a pp e ar an c e . Th ey h ad a n ew hom e wit h ampl e groun ds “ r : wh ich t h ey w er e imp ovi ng . S h e s ai d My ﬂ owe rs h ave d on e it . 2 I h ave gai n e d 0 p oun d s workin g among t h em . I ha d occa s io n t o vi s it a young nurs e ryman whos e mot h e r h ad D i a st at e wid e r eputa t ion a s a l e ctur e r on ome s ti c S c e n ce . S h e was i amon g th e for em os t wom e n of M i n n e s ota . Th ey we re l vi ng in a log

’ h ou s e , rough o n t h e out s id e b ut a dorn e d wit h woma n s s kill till it wa s 6 h omel i k e with in . At t h e age of 6 s h e wa s i n th e b e s t of h e alth a n d spirit s . S h e h a d h ir e d a woman t o d o t h e h ous ewor k an d s h e sp en t h e r t im e out of d oor s . H e r s oul was r e s pon s iv e t o th e s ong of th e b ird s an d t h e b e auty of h er ﬂowe r s .

Comin g hom e on t h at t rip I s aw a s ad s ight . A ma n wa s t akin g h i s wi fe , t h e mot he r of s ix ch ild re n t o th e In s an e Asylum . H e r lif e H h a d b e e n o n e e n dl e s s grin d . e rs wa s a s t arve d s oul , n oth i ng t o b r eak t h e d u l l m on ot ony of t oil a n d t h e r e wa s on e of th e mos t piti

ful wr e ck s a s a r e sult . A b e aut iful gard e n of ﬂowe rs t o b r e ak t he

mon ot on y woul d h av e s ave d h e r s elf a n d fami ly. I kn ow a we alth y ma n wh o ha s a l arge family of girls b ut h e d on ’t

un d er s t an d t h e m or t h ei r s oul n e e d s . They l ove ﬂowe rs an d th ey r s h ave ampl e gr oun d s b ut h e wan t s it all in g a s s . H e pays t h ous an d of d ol a r s fo r D oct or b ill s wh e n $100 wort h of ﬂowe r s well a rr ange d i i woud b uy fa r b e tt e r r e sult s . Wh e n w ll husb a n d s get ac quain t e d w t h

t he ir wive s a nd fa t he r s un d e rst an d t h e i r daugh t e r s . D i B e auty i s fo r immort al s . d you e ver s e e your hors e or cow go i n t o rapture s ov e r t h e b e aut ie s of n atur e $ I h av e k n own th e chil d of only 1 5 month s wh o coul d n ot sp e ak a word of E n gli s h go int o rapture s ove r t h e s un s et wh e n all t h e w e s t wa s ﬂami n g with spl e nd or an d t h e cu rt ai n s of t h e e ven ing we r e

pai nt e d wit h molt e n gem s . An d wit h t h e mos t grac e ful ge st ure s , i n

t h e u n kn own l a nguage of b abyhood h e poure d fort h t h e mos t elo 4 MANUAL ON TH E I RIS

qu en t t rib ut e t o t h e b e auty of th e Lord t o wh ich we ev e r l is t e n e d . Th at th rill in g orat ion of th e ba by b oy wa s a reve lat ion a n d a n in s pir at ion .

We a re d e sti n e d for th e E t e rn al B e auty . We s p e n d b ut l ittl e

M il l e n iu ms t ime d own h e r e . Up th e r e we in h e rit th e age s . will c om e “ r d h e t ic an d go but we will b e young . Th e b eauty of e a rt h i s p p of wh at i s i n st or e for u s . We a re t o s t an d on t h e s h or e s of t h e glori ﬁ e d va st n e s s of Go d wh e n t h e con s t e ll at ion s will b e l ike ca s k et s of

S gems , wh e n th e st a r s will shi n e in j ewell e d ple n dor . Wh e n th e N ebula will d i s s olve in t o gard e n s of d el ight re ach i n g t o t h e s h or e s of

ch aos an d it will b e h armony an d b e auty for ever . An d t h e ﬂa s hing gems with th e ir fl ame s of spl en dor—t h e radi a nc e of th e morn i n g an d

‘ o f e v e n in th e gl ow g, t h e va s t ﬁ e ld s of ﬂowe r s Go d h a s pl an t e d from W th e Tropic s t o th e Arct ics . Th e in s ome lovel i n e s s of th e r os e , th e

P ﬂ 0 w e r s e ony , an d th e Iri s with t h e ir n e ighb ori ng , t h e spl e n dors whi ch crown t h e moun ta in s , th e t i nt s an d sh ad e s of cl oud l an d a r e all “ G $ pr oph e tic of th e lory t o b e r eve al ed .

C H PT A E R I .

r r l A Ve y La ge Fa mi y .

b 1 70 Th e re ar e a out n at ive s ort s . Th ey b el on g mostly t o th e

N t H m ﬁn . d H or h e r n e i sph e r e You th em i n Rus s i a , Si b e ria , in t h e ima

G E n l aya moun t ain s , in Franc e , e rmany , ngla d , with n ume r ous s ort s

N e E N . w growing wil d i n orth Ame ric a In ngl a nd , i n M in n e s ot a an d i n N ort hwe st Can ad a you s e e th em i n l arge q uan t it i e s i n t h e i r n at iv e

' t h e a l l t h con dit ion . Th ey a re by far most n ume rous of e h ardy pe r l e n n ia s . Th er e a re ab out t hi rty k in d s of origi n al pe on ie s an d n e a rly 50 kin d s of columbin e s wh il e t h e re i s quit e a varie ty of t h e n at iv e

v a r 1 e t i phl ox . Though of s o many sp eci e s an d e s th e Iri s ha s n ot P r ec eived as much att e nt ion a s oth e r s . e on i e s h ave b e e n impr ove d an d mult ipl ie d t ill we n ow h ave ab out 3000 n ame d s ort s wit h a gr e at h ost t o foll ow . For ye ar s exp ert s h ave b e en at wor k on t h e phl ox with grat ifying succe s s . A n ew in t er e st is b ein g awak e n e d for t h e Iri s an d ch e e ring re sult s h ave b e e n s e cur ed . S ir M ich a el Fost e r of E n g l an d h a s b e e n an e u t h u s ia s t with t h i s ﬂower an d h a s produc e d s ome

ﬁn e cros s e s . M r . C G . Va n Tub e rge n of H oll an d h a s al s o ha d spl e n di d

C a r a r n . . . e o f G s ucc e s s W J p of t h e I sl e ue rn s ey , h a s h a d e n couragin g r e sult s i n hyb ridizin g t he e arly Alpi n e dwa rfs wit h l at e r an d s t ronge r va ri et i e s . We do n ot r ecomm en d th e b ulb ous s ort s for outd oor plan t in g in t h e we st or n orth we s t . Th e y will d o well i n s ome port ion s of

. s th e e a st B ut th ey d o b e st i n t he gr e e n h ou e . We do n ot r e c om

- men d th e Japan e s e for t h e n orth , or t h e s emi ar id re gion s . We h av e had n o e n d of t roubl e wit h t h e m . In t h e op en we h ave l ost t h ous an d s on th ous an ds an d n ow l et th em al on e . We h a ve t ri ed th em un d e r th e

scr e e n , an d th ey h ave n ot b e en s at is fact or y . For a b usy worl d w e MANUAL ON TH E I RI S 5

h a r d v wa n t t h i ngs th at will tak e a n in t e r e st i n t h e matt e r t h em s e lve s . I f t h ey a r e ﬁ n ic a l a n d fus sy a n d wa nt cod dli n g all t h e t im e t h e n w e w a n t s om et hi ng el s e . H owev e r , t h e Japan e s e d o well i n Californ i a if b e t h e y ca n s h i el d e d fr om t h e s un . Al s o in t he moi s t a n d mil d cli o f mat e t h e At la nt ic s t at e s . Al s o i n p ort ion s of th e e a st e rn mi ddl e

s t at e s , l ik e Ohi o . h I n M in n e s ot a pe opl e ave pla nt e d t h em a n d gus h ed ove r th em , a n d h a d gr eat h ope s for t h em . Th e n s om e sp rin g t h ey woud n eve r

wa k e from t h e ir d e at h sl e ep . We woul d s ay i n ci d en tally t h at th e r e ar e ot h e r s ort s that we - n o t r e c o mm il in woul d e d t h ough t h e ms elve s th ey may b e ve ry ﬁ n e . C E al i fo rn i a I ri s e s h ave b e e n pron ounc e d a fail ure by ngli s h expert s . Th ey a r e all righ t in t h e i r own h ab it at b ut do n ot d o we ll away from h om e . Th e m os t b e aut iful Iri s i n t h e worl d i s call e d O n co cy cl u s P from al e s t i n e . Fortun e s h ave b e e n s pe n t o n th em . Th ey ar e v e ry

n a iv e pa rt icul a r an d e sp eci ally s e s t . Th ey mus t h ave th e ir n at ive con

d it io n s . Th ey mus t b e grown in frame s , must b e wat e re d wh il e

r a r e ﬂ owe r i ng an d a s i n t h e h ot , d y cl imat e t h ey come from , t h ey i ’ b ak e d i n t h e s ol id e art h , th ey must h ave l ik e con dit ion s or th ey w l l

‘

. O n e w Th e O d i e rit e r says t h e b e d s mus t b e ve ry h ar d an d ﬁ rm . nc o cyclu s Iri s e s n e ve r gra n t a ny par don for an omi s s i on of duty r egard in g t h em an d we t ry t o l e av e t h em n o excus e for b e ing sulky on ou r h a n d s . t h e c ompos t for t h e Iri s e s h a s b e e n pr epar e d it i s t h r own i n t o t h e fram e s a n d t h en it i s b e at e n down with spad e s wit h a ll t h e forc e at our comma n d an d l e st th i s sh oul d n ot b e e n ough t h e wh ol e s ur fac e of t h e b e d s i s c ove r e d wit h b oard s an d I get m e n t o b $ st amp on t h em an d in t h i s way compr e s s t h e s oil a s much a s p os s i l e . d il e t If you wan t t o b uy l ot s of t roubl e you can get t he s e fus sy ,

t an t e , p art icul a r fl owe rs a n d exh aus t your s e lf fin di ng th ei r capric e s Of ’ a n d wh im s . c ou rs e t h ey ar e s up reme ly b e aut iful but it d on t pay a n d you woul d st an d n i n e ch an ce s out of t e n for a fa ilur e . If on e i s r a i s in g fl owe r s on e of t h e mos t importa n t t h in gs i s t o l ea rn wh at n ot t o d o an d t h e n n ot d o it .

I C H APT ER I .

B e a u t y of t h e Iris .

B e h ol d t h e Lil ie s h ow t h ey grow . It i s s uppos e d th i s r e fe r s t o t h e O n c o c y cl u s I ri s e s of Pal e st in e t h e most r ad i an t of al l t h e gre a t N fa mily . Un fort un at ely t h ey a r e n ot adapt e d t o orth e r n clim at e s .

Th e y t hriv e i n Cal i forn i a . We h ave h oweve r among our own th o s e t h at will rival t h em s o i t i s po s s ibl e for th e l ove r of t h e b e aut i ful t o s urpa s s th e gl ory of S ol omon . P 0 You h av e h e a rd of t h at won d e rful e r sia n ga rde n of ﬂowe rs , 9 h fe e t wid e 400 fe et l on g mad e of th e mo st prec ious of gems . Th e r ic t e st j ewel s o f e a rt h p ayi ng t r ibut e t o our ﬂor al t re a sure s . Th a cos t 6 MANUAL ON TH E IRIS

u mill ion s on mill ion s of d oll a rs . You may n ot b e abl e t o s ec re s uc h a priz e or eve n t o look at i t b ut whil e t h ey l a s t you ca n h ave a ga rd e n of rare r an d mor e v ol u pt o u s b e auty an d ab ove will ﬂ oat a fragra nc e wh ich will b e t h e b re at h of your ﬂowers . Will it n ot pay t o fe e d your appre ciat ive s oul wit h a b e auty wh ich will for t h e t im e t ran sc en d th e s pl e n dor of court s an d t h e opul e n c e of K ing’ s pal ace s $

Th i n k of t h e ir fa s cin at i ng an d al luring lovel in e s s . Th ey a re n ame d

. from t h e Godd e s s Ir i s , t h e ra inb ow pe rs on i ﬁ e d , wh o comb i n e d t h e b eauty of h e ave n an d e art h i n t he ir mat chl e s s rob e s . It would s e em h as if s h e gat h e r e d t e glory of t h e s un s e t , t h e b e auty of th e sun man t le s , t h e t int in g an d colorin g an d t h e s h a d in g wh ich pl ay on moun t ai n an d pl ain an d wove t h em all i n th os e opal in e an d i rri d e sc e n t r ob e s with wh ich s h e ha s ad orn e d h e r ch ildre n . Th e marvelous ve in ing a n d t rac

- e ry, an d t h e del icat e int ermin gli n g of col or s give th em a ch a rm n o

. o th e r ﬂowe r pos s e s s e s . M any of t h em h ave a d el iciou s fragran ce Some h ave a ch arming re flex l ik e th e rich e s t s ilks wh ich give s t h em a r e s i stl e s s fas c in at i on . In fact wh e n you t ak e a ma s s of t h e m of a h w un dre d kind s an d s e e t h e m all on dr e s s par ad e , e ach vic ing ith t h e o t he r t o s e e which can put on t h e most radi an t app e a ra nc e t h ey s e em a lmost h uma n in t h e ir e ffort s t o dazzl e a n d at tract . B ut t h ey h ave t hi s advant age ; n o gath e ri n g of royalty , n o e ffort s of t h e s el e ct four h t r o s s e a u P un dr e d , n on e of t h e elab or at e s of a r is ca n compa re wit h t h e skill an d high - art of t h e gr e at ﬂori st a s H e ha s adorn e d t h e b r il l ian t h ost t o charm th e eye a n d fe e d th e s oul . All th e r ays a n d t int s — , a n d col ors of th e ra inb ow are h e r e t h e con c e nt rat e d b ea uty of cl oud a n d w e a rth un it e d a n d bl e n d e d i n a harm on ious h ol e .

They ar e t h e b e st d rout h re s i st er s we h ave . La st s e as on wa s v e ry h ot an d dry . Oft e n th e burn ing s irocc o wi n d s we r e bl owin g ﬁ e rcely wit h t h e mercury s oari ng ab ove a h un d r e d .

M e n t ion F T e Le t u s a e w of h m.

C P I r ime an umila i s a l itt l e dwa rf l at er t h a n our own Pumila . n ﬂ m owe r it fa irly ﬂood s t he pl ant with a gr e at a s s of purpl is h blue .

' l M axin e of our own pr oduct ion i s a littl e at e r , roya l purpl e a n d a proliﬁc bloome r .

P G e m —a rai ri e i s gol d e n profus e bl oome r . An d h e r e i s th e swe et D oroth ea wit h h e r b road bl oom s ix i nche s a cros s an d wit h a smil e of welcome l a st in g a l on g t im e . H ow win s ome s h e — is you want t o vi sit h e r eve ry day . H e r e i s Lor el ey . You ar e arr e s t e d an d h eld spe ll b oun d by h e r b e — auty pet al s spri n kl ed with viole t , a la rge gl or ious ﬂowe r . P erfect ion , well n ame d . Tall a n d que e n ly with a profus ion of b loom of ra dian t a n d gli s t e n ing purpl e . E l egan s h as wh it e ﬂower s das h e d an d s pl as h e d with viol et .

Fa iry is t all an d que e nly emitting t h e odor of p e ach bl ooms . M ANUAL ON TH E I RIS 7

H e r M aj e sty ha s l arge b righ t r e d a nd fragran t bloom s .

M on sign or i s r ic h s ati n y vi ol et a n d v elvety crims on purpl e .

' E P n n gl is h Bl a ck ri nc e i s b e st of all , ab s olut ely d e fyin g d e s cript io .

C H PT A E R I I I .

Wor d A t o B uy e rs .

o ’ You will p rob ab ly h ave a li st fr m a r e spon s ibl e d e al e r . D on t a s k.

“ . N o fo r ev e ryt hi n g l i st e d i n th i s b ook d e al e r , eith e r in E urop e or

. Am e ri ca c a n h ave t h em all Writ e your n ame pl a in ly . Wh il e you r

h a n dwrit i n g an d you r n am e may b e p e rfe ctly famil iar t o yours elf it .

m ay n ot b e s o t o s t r an ge r s . We oft e n ge t l ett ers wit h n ame s s o

c a r el e s sly w rit t e n t h a t th ey woul d apply t o h al f a doz en p er s on s . f S om e orge t t o s ign th e i r n ame s at all . Some n egl ect t o give th eir

p o st offic e a dd r e s s an d t h e n won d e r why t h e ir l ett e rs ar e n ot

a n s we r e d . S om e , i n p ackin g s ea s on wh e n t im e i s wort h at le a st a

' d oll a r a n h ou r w il l wri t e a lon g l ett e r a n d wa n t $1 0 wort h of informa

t ion for a t wo c e n t st amp a n d wh e n we sugge st a man ua l a t 25C t o

c ove r t h e wh ol e gr oun d an d mor e , t h e n we ar e graft e rs . l Sh oul d mi s t a k e s occur a s t h ey s ome t ime s will , writ e t oy ou r d ea er

i n st e a d of goin g t o your n e ighb or an d cry fraud . A s t o n am e s it i s b ar ely pos s ib l e th at your d eal e r i s b ett er

i n form e d t h a n you ar e . M any ki nd s have h alf a doze n n am e s an d th e

d e al e r m ay n ot kn ow wh ich t o apply . Th i s wa s t h e t r oubl e with P e on i e s unt il t h e matt e r wa s st r a igh t e n e d out at I t h ic a wh e n it was

E i u n 2 foun d t h at dul i s Sup erb a wa s st agge r ng d e r 5 n ame s . Am ong

a b t h e I ri s S n s S ouc i h a s a out s ix n ame s . Ame rica n Black Pr inc e as m any m or e . Fl or e n t in a Alb a th r e e . S om e of th e mo st r el iabl e de al e rs P C may m a k e mi st ak e s . A h il ad elph i a ﬁ rm s e n t us M ad . h e reau for

C P C P al H e r M aj e sty . A h i cago ﬁ rm s en t us al id a rus ad e r for al ida D l mat ic a . S om e t im e s va r i et i e s are p acke d s o car e l e s sly it i s impos s ib e

t o t el l whic h i s wh ich . From on e of t h e mos t car e ful d e al ers we

r e c eiv e d Pal ida P e rfe ct a fo r Pal id a Spe ci os a . In a s hipm en t from E P E n gl an d we got by mi s t ak e a n n gl i s h B lac k rinc e , t h e ﬁ n e s t i n th e O worl d an d w e n eve r r egi st e r e d a k ick a gai n st it . nc e w e s en t for

Capric e a n d got M e s opot am ia wort h t h re e t ime s a s much . w it t h A . gai n , Iri s d o n ot alway bl oom al ik e Th ey vary t h e s e a

n e x e r i s on s . O e ye a r wh i ch wa s moi st an d r ai n y we h ad a s in gular p P D s e n c e . al i d a alm at ic a an d Al b e rt Vict or s e em t o b e twin s i st er

w it h t h i s exc e pt i on . Alb e rt Vict or h a s pal e r blu e ﬂowe r s . i s mor e

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. h a rdy , l e s s s ubj ect t o r oot r ot a n d a much b ett e r mult ipl i e r But for a won d e r t h a t s e a s o n Pal id a D almat ic a h a d t h e p al e bl ue an d Alb e rt

Vict or t h e d e ep bl u e . B ut t h i s ch an ge of col or s n eve r occurre d but l onc e . Oft e n t h e b uye r wi l s it i n h a rs h j udgme n t on mat t e rs h e do e s ( n ot u n d e r st a n d . S om et ime s a d e al e r wh e n sh ort will s en d t o a

‘ e b rot h e r d e al e r a n d g e t s t o c k n o t t ru e t o n am e . H e s ell s it an d t her 8 ' MANUAL ON TH E I RIS

i s n o e nd of t roubl e . B ut a s s oon a s h e ﬁ nd s out t h e mi s t ak e he i s b glad t o mak e good . S o if t rou l e occur s r e port di re ctly t o him an d

not t o your n eighb ors for h e an d n ot t h ey is t h e on e t o mak e good . .

B ut fi rst b e s ure you are right . You c an n ot always t ell th e fi rst ye a r , what you a re gett ing—only i f you h ave b ought a r e d you do n ot wan t s s . a whit e . In th at c a s e you ca n t ell wit h t h e fi r t ye a r bl oom Your pla nt s may fail t o grow b e caus e you ord er e d t h em s e nt a t th e wrong t ime . Oft e n—we get or d er s from t h e Nort h t o h ave I ris s e nt th e fi rst of M ay t h e wors t s e as on p os s ibl e . They ar e t h e n re ady t o bl oom and th e sh ock of “ cutt ing th em b ack a nd s hippi ng i s t he t oo much for th em . You bl ame t h e d e al e r wh e n h e ha s us ed

utmost car e an d you ar e th e on e t o b l am e . e Agai n pe rhaps you h ave pl a nt e d t h em t oo d ep . Th e Ge rman family h ave a t e n d en cy t o work out of th e groun d a n d expos e th eir

root s t o th e s un . S o in plan t in g b e s ur e an d put t h e b ud only two

i nch e s b e l ow t h e s ur fac e .

Perh aps we h av e s a i d t oo much ab out mi st ak e s . Gra dually a s i n t he ca s e of th e Pe on ie s t h e n ame s a r e b e in g st raight e n e d out an d

‘ d eal e rs ge n e rally t e st vari et i e s b e fore s en din g out . S o gre at i s the impr ov e me s n t o n th i s lin e t h at a ﬁ rm c an s en d out t hous a n d s wit h

n ot a stray among th em .

T C H AP E R I V.

l To G r owe rs a n d D e a e rs .

I n p acking it i s highly n ec e s s ary t o un de rs t and t h e n ature of t h e

Iris . We us e d t o get p ack age s from d e al e rs who us e d we t mos s a nd

t hey came rott e n a n d h ad t o b e r epl ace d . In import in g from E urop e we always in si s t t hat t h ey b e pack e d

d ry . Shavings ar e ge n erally u s e d an d t h ey will c ome from H olla nd E a nd nglan d a s fr e s h as i f j us t dug. As t h e Iri s gat h e rs an d s tore s

mois ture i n it s root s it . d o e s n ot n e e d d amp packi ng lik e othe r pe r e n n ia l s . Onc e by mi stak e we l e ft a bundl e of King of Iri s two we eks

on th e groun d i n th e sun , i n e a rly S ept emb e r . As t hey di d n ot appe ar

greatly dama ged we plan t e d th e m an d eve ry on e lived . O ft e n we k e ep Iri s ove r wint e r . Th e b e st way i s t o t ak e up th e Y u clump s with t h e dirt on th em an d put t h e m i n a c ool c ell a r . o can t hrow l e ave s ove r t he m an d l et t h em fre e ze an d t h e fros t will come out gradually wit hout inj ury If you sh ip t o th e Nort h you can ke ep th em b ack in t hi s way or if you s hi p t o t h e S outh you ca n hav e

th em re ady b efore you can d ig from th e ﬁ eld .

August i s th e b e st t ime t o pl an t th em , e s pe cially i n t h e North . Th ey sh oul d go by expre s s i n st ron g pap e r b oxe s s uch a s are us ed b y

groc e rs . You will not n e e d a ny pack ing . If you us e a ny us e s h avi ngs d r or y excel si or . Th ough Augus t i s th e v e ry b e st t ime ye t you can pla nt on t ill MA N UAL O N TH E I RIS 9

N g r oun d fre e ze s exc e pt i n t h e ort h e rn st at e s . Wh e n th e ground i s we t — we h av e s ucc e s s fully pl a n t e d cutt i n g t h e t ops off , wh il e i n full blo om . s omet im e s you h av e a mixtur e a n d you kn ow from th e bl oom what t a n d h ey a r e you ca n ma k e s ur e i n bl oom in g t ime . Th e wors t pos s i b l e t im e for t ra n s pl a n t in g Iri s i s j us t b efor e bl oomin g wh e n th e s h ock is . E t oo much for t h em a rly s pr in g d oe s v e ry well . B e p at i e nt wit h P c ompl a in t s . e opl e will o ft e n j ud ge t h e ﬁ rs t b looms an d t h in k th ey h ave b e n d e fr aud e d . Le t t h em wait an ot h e r yea r t o kn ow what t hey h ave . We have d on e our ut mos t t o ge t t h e t angl e out of th e n ame s a n d ye t th e r e will b e d i s s at is fact ion b ecaus e s o m any n ame s h ave b e e n a ppli e d t o on e ki n d . Tak e Ame r ica n Bl ack Pri nc e wh ich i s a gl orious

“ - ' fl owe r t h e ea r e f r u o G s . h h y li st t h e e rman It a s a d a doze n n ame s . We h av e b e e n c e n s ur e d for call in g it . Bl ac k Pri nc e b e caus e t h e re i s B lack P E r in c e i n n gl a n d , t h e lat e s t of all an d t h e mos t b e auti ful of all . An i n ve s t igat ion pr ove s th at t h e Ame ric an ha s i n d is put e d po s s e s ion of t ha t n am e ove r 20 ye ar s a n d t h e E ngl i s h wa s b orn 1 5 ye ars ago a n d s houl d h ave h ad a n oth e r n ame . Ame rica n d e al e rs to avoid con fus io n

have c all e d it B l ac k Kn igh t a n d it sh oul d b e ch an ge d t o th at . Th e E 2 n gli s h i s a ve ry s low mult ipli e r a n d our st ock cos t $ p e r root . Th e

Am e r ica n i s a ve ry r apid mult ipl i e r an d we h ave h ad it ab out 14 ye a rs . 2 It ca n n ow b e s ol d for $ p e r hund r ed . Th e Ame rica n i s th e e arl ie s t E of t h e fam ily an d th e n gl i s h th e l at e st a n d m ost gloriou s . D P o n ot pl a n t t oo d e e p . u t t h e b ud ab out 2 in ch e s b e low t h e s ur fac e a n d th e n s om e k in d s w il l l ift t h ems elve s up t o ge t t h e h eat a n d t h e s un . t H B e ca re ful with your s a ke s . ave good s t ron g on e s , wh it e pin e

. G i s th e b e s t ive t h e m a primi ng c oat , writ e t h e n ame s on t h e s take s wit h a we ath e r proof p e n c il . Th e n wit h a small brus h j ust t ouch th e n am e li ghtly wit h b oil e d oil t o k e e p th e w e ath e r from we aring i t off .

Ke ep wat ch of your st a ke s ca r e fully . It i s well t o have a d iagram al s o . S ome ti m e s a m is c h e v io u s b oy will t h in k it gr e at fun t o pull up your s t a ke s or ch a n ge t h em . TH E I RI S I S A B OON F O R AN IM M E NS E RE GIO N WHE RE

O TH E R FLOWE RS CAN NOT G ROW . Wit hout ext ra c are you ca n

n - P n ot , i t h e s emi a ri d r egi on rai s e r os e s , phl ox or eve n e on i e s . Th e

n Iri s will e n dur e h e at an d d rout h t he b e s t of any ﬂowe r . O e yea r we h a d b ut two i n ch e s of ra in dur i ng t h e t h re e s umme r month s . We dug s om e i n Augu st wh e n t h e ground wa s a s d ry a s a n a s h h e ap j us t from

t h e furn ac e . We fou n d th e r oot s h a d gath er e d t h e moi stur e a n d h e ld

it . The y we re full , plump an d vigorou s an d wh e n plan t e d or s hippe d t h ey we r e r e a dy for b us in e s s . T hey grow i n th e c eme t e ri e s of Arizon a N o n t h os e h ot , d ry m e s a s , on t h e s an d h il l s of North e rn eb r a ska an d on t h e pl a i n s o f Col ora d o , Idah o an d M ont a n a . The y grow wit hout C i rrigat io n i n man y p art s of al iforni a , gath e rin g s t re n gth from wi nt e r o r a in s fo r s pr in g ﬂ owe ri n g, t h ough i n t h e s e d ry r egi n s t h ey n e e d ca re ful cult ivat i on t o d o t h e ir b e s t . 1 0 MANUAL ON TH E IRIS

C H APTE R V .

o Pre c a u t ion s Aga in s t Root R t .

1 1 In t h e spr ing of 9 5 compl ai nt s cam e from North e rn M i n n e s ot a , e spe cial ly from D ulut h t h at many Iri s h a d wint erk ill e d . I w en t up a n d l ooke d ov e r t h e s ituat ion a n d foun d i n t hos e r egion s wh e r e th e gr eat e st t roub l e exi st e d th at t h e s oil wa s h e avy cl ay whi ch h el d th e moi stur e on th e surfac e . Fi eld s n e ar d e ep ravin e s we r e cove r e d with wat e r . Th e surfac e drai n age wa s poor an d a s th e clay wa s s o r et e n t ive th e Ir i s root s wh ich can n ot e n dur e muc h we t h a d s uccumb e d .

Th e r e wa s n o humus in th e s oil . I t ol d th em th e y mus t m ix s an d with th e ir clay an d mak e ra is e d b e d s a bo u t ~ t e n fe e t wi d e a n d have th em roun d e d i n t h e c e nt e r s o t h e wat er coul d run off . Rows c oul d b e mad e 18 i n ch e s apa rt an d put t h e m 6 i n ch e s apar t i n th e r ow s o it would t ak e but a small spac e for a l arge n umb e r . I t ol d t h em al s o t h at t h ey h ad b ett e r th row a l ight mulchi ng ove r t h e m i n t h e w in t er a n d spa d e i t in i n t h e spr in g an d s o give th e lan d mor e h umus .

S om e kin d s ar e mor e s e n s at iv e t o r ot t ha n ot h e rs . Th e gr e at P D al ida almat ic a can n ot e n dure wat e r s oak e d s oil . On e gr owe r i n

M in n e s ot a h a s d is card e d th e m al t ogeth e r . M aor i Ki n g i s a n ot her

O n wh ich can n ot en dure wet fe et . e ye ar t h ey wer e s o b a d I thr ew th em all away but t h er e wa s s uch a d eman d for t h em th a t we got mor e H ollan d an d ch os e a s pot wh e r e th e s oi l was fri ab l e an d p oru s an d put th em i n a ra is e d b e d an d h a d n o t roub l e . I n ot ic e d i n th e Nort h a gr e at d iffer e n c e i n th e p owe r of r e s i st

h a l c e d o n i an c e eve n i n t h e Rh izomat ous group . C a d i d n ot m in d con di t i on s th at we r e fat al t o oth er s . Th e S ib e ria n Iri s wer e n ot at all

an Gi a n t e a affect e d . Th e Acorus d g s we r e e nt ir ely immun e an d Sylvia N ymph wa s u nh armed . Wh il e t h e s e k in d s a r e n ot s e n s itiv e t o col d an d wet t h ey can n ot en dur e t h e h e at quit e as well a s t h e G e rman s

t h ough I do n ot b el ieve we l os t an y t hr ough our t errib l e drouth s .

P o io n r t ect .

Wh en eve r grown i n th e col d n ort h , or out on th e pl ai n s or in th e

s outh , t h e Ir i s sh oul d h ave prot ect i on . It i s s o et h e r ially b e aut iful an d s o d elic at ely fragil e it sh oul d n ot b e subj e ct e d t o r ough us age an d f t h e buf eti ng of t h e st orms . Wh en eve r s e e n in it s n at ive s t at e it h a s r ch os e n s om e qui et spot , s ome s h elte ed s pac e n e ar s ome pon d or i n on e of n ature s s il e n t pl ac e s wh e r e i t ca n mak e t h at b e autiful t oil e t with out mol e stat ion . It i s n ot foun d growin g n atur al ly i n a b l eak

- . an d win d swept spot I n fact al l ﬂowe rs s h oul d b e prot ect e d . Th ey can n ot b e at th e i r b e st wh e n crippl e d an d b rui s e d by t h e ﬁ e r ce st orm s

‘ wh ich swe ep ov er t h e l a n d . It i s a skin g t oo much of t h em t o go from a n emb owe r e d an d s eclude d h ome out i nt o th e va s t b l e ak n e s s of t h e n a ke d pra iri e s .

AL PIN E I RI S MANUAL ON TH E I RI S 1 1

Si n c e t h e n ew proc e s s of propaga t in g t h e Roue n Lilac on As h w r oot s t h ey ca n b e mult ipl ie d ith gr e at rapid ity an d s ol d ve ry c h e ap , a s 5 l ow a s $ p e r hun dr e d . Th i s l il ac i s a cros s b e twe e n t h e Pe r s ia n a n d t h e ol d Vulga ri s . It bl ooms l a te r t ha n t h e ol d s ort an d prod uce s a n imm e n s e amoun t of ﬂowe r s an d wh il e i n bl oom it i s on e of th e m o s t att ra ct iv e sh rub s we h ave a n d it m ake s a spl e n d id w in d b re a k a n d is h a rdy i n th e ext re me Nort h .

A ﬁ n e win db r e a k c an al s o b e mad e from t h e B us h H on ey suckl e s .

Ta r t a r ia n Th e r e a r e s ev eral k in d s of t h e s , amon g t h em t h e gold e n b e rry a n d t h e G r an d ifl ora w it h it t s la rge pin k ﬂowe r s a n d b rilli an t r e d b e rri e s .

Th e u r e h R p c t a .

Th i s i s a c ompact , rap id gr owi ng b us h from M an ch uria a n d is fa st c om in g i n t o favor . It al s o i s cove r e d by a bl an k e t of ligh t color e d

fl owe rs , foll owe d by ma s s e s of b e rri e s . It woul d t ak e but a sh ort t im e fo r a s pl e n di d s h e lt e r . B ut we t h i n k t h e ve ry b e s t i s G r a n d ifl o r a e Ro s a Ta rta rica . Th i s i s of upright h ab it , a rapid growe r wit h l arge b right r e d fl owe r s , s t rip e d wit h wh it e . Th e b l oom s a r e d el ici ously

r fragra n t , t h e flow er s foll owe d by l a rge b righ t e d b e rri e s . We can E n ot e mph a s iz e t h i s matt e r t oo s t rongly . v e ry s pr ing you will n ot e t h e gr e at diffe re n c e b e twe e n t h e pr ot e ct e d an d th e unprot e ct e d flowers . O n e ye a r w e h a d a clump of Fe s t iva M axima pe oni e s sout h of t h e e 65 hou s o n whic h w e count e d la rge flowe r b ud s , all str iving t o o n p e a n d cove r t h e pl an t wit h a ma ntl e of t h e pur e st wh it e . O u t in t h e wi n d -s wept fi el d we h a d 500 o f t h e s am e kin d a n d it t ook on t h e av e ra ge t h r e e clump s t o produc e on e flowe r . Th i s i s o n accoun t of t h e ful l s we e p of t h e fi e rc e n ort hwe st win d ‘ wh ic h n ip s t h e flowe r s h i n t e b u d . Iri s e s op e n al l righ t in t h e ope n but th ey a r e s o eth e rially b e aut i ful , th e wi n d s oon d e sp oil s th e m of t hat exqui s it e d e licacy an d fragil e l ove l i n e s s we s o much a dmi r e . A royal family woul d n ot t hin k of b uffe t i n g t h e fi e rc e st orms out i n t h e ope n i n full court d re s s . Your h e dge will b e i n ful l l e a f an d b loom ab out t h e t ime many of th e

ﬂ ow e r s op e n . m — Fi r s t com e t h e Col u b in e s , s uc h a n immen s e family al l st r iving t o s e e wh i ch can att ract th e mos t at t e nt i on . Li k e a troup of me rry l ittl e gi rl s , e ach c oyly i n vit ing i n s pe ct ion of h e r pr etty d r e s s an d wit h out s ayi n g it , r at h e r h int in g t h at h er s i s t h e ﬁ n e s t . I n th at s e clud e d s p ot t h ey gr ow t all e r a n d th e bloom s ar e la rge r a n d more

VVe h a v e b e a uti ful t ha n i n t h e op e n . h a d t h em grow fou r fe e t tall un d e r good p rot e ct ion , wh e n wit hout it t h ey woul d n ot b e ove r e igh t e en i n ch e s . In fact , a ﬂ owe r t o d o it s b e st s h ould have t h e ve ry

b e s t cha n c e . H e r e ar e t h e bl e e din g h e a rt s an d h ow t h ey do e nj oy t hi s s e r e n e qui e t . Th e n com e t h e glowi ng Ori en t al p oppi e s ( pe re n n ial)

— a won d e rful ﬂ owe rs , s om e o f t h e m n in e i n ch e s acros s b e d of t h em l ik e a s e a of ﬁ r e . Th ey d o n ot l ik e suc h h e avy he adgea r t o b e b uf 12 MANUAL ON TH E IRIS fe tt e d by th e wi nd s any mor e t ha n a gi rl wit h h e r two b u sh el hat wou l d lik e t o b e caught i n a win d st orm . e e Th en come t h e re spl e nd e nt Iri s e s . On e l ook s at t hem , sp cially t he n ewe r s ort s i n t h e ir quiet b e aut y, a n d la nguage fail s . Th ey are s o win s ome a nd eth e ri ally d elicat e . Th ey giv e a hi nt of b ot h worlds , pre s e nti ng us wit h t h e fair es t th i s ea rth afford s an d a t th e s ame time e e t he r e i s s omet hing proph e tic ab out t h em of b e auty n ot y et r ev al d . e This pl ac e i s t h ei r par adis e . Th ey c an put on t he i r r e spl nd ent H garment s withou t t h e r eb uke of th e s t orms . e r e t h ey un fold all their cha rms . Th e lure of t h e ir b e auty i s i n d e s crib abl e . Whil e i n bl oom you hove r ove r t hem an d s e e that ve in in g, int e rwe aving a n d bl e nding

“ of t int an d s hading y ou can n ot d e s cr ib e . Th at i rrid e sc e nt glow we i magin e i s t h e smil e of th e dazzlin g godd e s s from whic h th ey are Y ou n am e d . They hold an d fa s ci n at e you an d th row a spell ove r you . go and com e again . You l in ge r an d p on d e r in d elight ful r ev e ry . You are s e e ing t h em at t h e ir b e st . Th ey muc h pr efer t o mak e t h eir toilet l i n s e clu sion t ha n t o dre s s i n a l out of d oor s . H e r e t h e pe oni e s b egin t o bl oom un til t hat l arge b e d i s overwhelm ed wit h th em . s The re are l illi e s , th e pl atycodon s , th e phl ox , t h e st at ely b occonia

’ an d l upi n es . You hav e a full me n age rie of l oveli n e s s all y our own . h Whil e th e flowe rs a re at t e ir b e st , th e h edge s e em s t o s ay $ Now I will t ake a h an d at th i s mys e lf an d 10 it i s cover e d wit h a E mantl e of fragranc e an d b eauty . ach bus h in c ourtly dr e s s k e eping guard ove r th e ch armi ng war ds wit hin . Th e h on eys uckl e i s very fragran t—t h e per fum e fill s th e ar e n a min gl ing wit h th e s we e t b reat h th e of flowe rs an d filli n g al l th e s urroun din g air .

An d you hav e don e all t h i s your s el f . You got four hundred cuttings an d pl an t ed th at s pac e an d ﬁll e d it wit h b e auty . You st and t he re wit h a highe r appr ec iat ion of your s el f a n d of your pos s ib ilit ie s . Th e t roubl e wit h t h e a ver age ma n i s h e u s e s b ut a s mall part of h ims el f . Let him work up al l h is p owe rs a n d r e ach out a nd t ak e h i s own a n d h e wil l won d e r who th i s fell ow i s a n d h e wil l fe el lik e h a t aking off his t t o h ims el f .

C H PT I A E R V .

a is in R g N e w S orts .

. O M any kin d s will n ot s e e d at all t h e r s s e e d sparin gly . Pi ck off D ' t h e s e e d pod s a s s oon a s rip e . on t put th e m i n a can or t igh t box .

Sprea d t h em out t o l et th em dry with out m ouldi n g. B ett e r k e ep t h e

s e ed s i n th e pod t ill you ar e r e ady t o pl an t . C Som e pl an t a s s oon a s ripe . ove r t h em wit h ab out a h al f inch of light e art h or s an d an d t h e n spr e a d ove r t h em a light coat ing of

. l e af mold Th ey will come up i n t h e sprin g . Som etime s we k e ep t he s e e d unt il t h e groun d t haws out in th e spri n g an d pl ant e arly, cove r

l ightly , and i n b ot h c a s e s cove r t h e b e d wit h a s c re e n . Th ey b loom M ANUAL ON TH E I RI S 13 i n ab out t h r e e ye a r s an d a s th ey mult iply ve ry rapi dly you will s oon ﬁ n d out wh at you a r e d oin g an d I ca n i magin e you h ove r ing ove r t h e b e d e n r apt ur e d by t h e v i e w of your n ew tr e a s ure s an d shaki ng h an d s wit h your s el f . For you wil l ri s e i n valu e i n your own e stima s t i on a n d wh at you h ave d on e will l ur e you on t o ye t gr e at e r tr iumph .

O n th e e e of a n n is o V rg U d c v e r e d Re a l m .

S eve ral Iri s gr owe r s h av e comme n c e d th e propagat ion of n e W ' s ort s . In our own ca s e we h av e b e e n amaze d at t h e re s ult s . We h ave s ucc e ed e d i n r ai sing s om e n ew dwarfs wh ich surpas s a nyth ing yet

a put on t h e m rk et . O n e ye ar w e s ave d s e e d s from t h e r e ds an d r a is e d 20 — f i . of t h a t c olor , t wo o t h em s urpa s s ng anyth in g in our c oll e cti on A s ucc e s s ful a n d e nt h us i ast ic propagat or in M i n n e s ot a h a s b e e n sur pri s e d by m ost e nc ouraging r e sult s . S om e of radi ant , gl is t e n ing sh e en .

n O e wit h gl it t e ri n g s ilve r wh ich i s da zzl ing i n t h e s unl ight . An oth e r of ma rve l ous s iz e . O th e rs un i que i n form an d col or . S e e d s of th e s e r a r e on e s ar e t o b e s ave d s o i n a s h ort t im e we will h ave a h o st of spl e n d i d n e w on e s surpa s s in g th e old . Th i s ma n h a s a b e d of mixe d on e s of t h e ol d s ort s but t h e n ew s e e dl i ngs far surpa s s t h em , s o many t h at h av e b e e n favorit e s i n t h e pa s t will give pl ace t o t h e n ewe r an d ﬁ n e r on e s a n d t h e proce s s o f growin g n e wvari et i e s i s s o s impl e th at a ch il d c a n rai s e th e m an d b efor e you will b e t h e ch arm of n ew di s '

. c ove r ie s . On ly don t put an y b ut t h e v ery b e st on th e mark et Th er e i s a t e n d e n cy t o ﬂood t h e ma rk et wit h n e w on e s re gar dl e s s of th e ir

. O m e r it , an d t h e n ﬂoat t h e m t o p opula r favor wit h pri nt e rs i n k rig in a t o r s of P e on i e s h av e gr e atly e rre d i n t h i s r e spect an d th e writ er

amon g oth e r s . It i s e st imat e d amon g c ar eful propagat or s t h at only

O n e i n a th ous a n d of s e e dli n g Pe on i e s i s wort h s aving . We h av e s ave d onl y 30 out of 30 poun d s of P e ony s e e d .

I t h in k t h e proport ion a mon g s e e dl ing Iri s i s s omewh at b ett er . B ut un l e s s you h av e s om et h i ng fully a s good or a l ittl e b ett e r don ’ t

s av e i t . B ut I a m s ur e t h at j us t ov e r i n th e unk nown t h e r e ar e b e aut i e s n o eye h a s ye t s e e n an d you may b e t h e on e t o b rin g th e m i nt o n ot ic e .

I C H APTE R V I .

M a r ve l ou s Div e r s it y of F ol ia ge . Wh il e all th e fam il i e s of t h i s ﬂ ow e r show t h e s ame ge n eral ch ar act e ri s t ic s c all e d e n s iform or sword l ik e , yet th er e i s such a wid e div e rge n c e a s b et we e n th e l itt l e b lu e eye d gra s s Ir i s an d t h e b r oad

Palli d a D alm at ic a th at t h e d ife r e n c e i s v ery st r ik in g . S ome l ik e t h e Pumil a ar e but s ix i n ch e s t al l a n d ot h e rs l ik e t h e Gigan t e a an d

Ac oru s will oft e n b e ﬁv e a n d eve n s ix fe et t all . Th e differ e nc e b et we e n t h e Pall id a a n d t h e S ib e r ia n gr oup i s st r iki ng . Th e wid e 14 M AN UAL ON TH E IRIS

d ive r s ity of fol iage i s on e of t h e ch arms of t h i s gr eat fam ily . Th e colors al s o vary from l i ght to d e ep gr e e n an d we hav e t h e st r ip e d or

v a r i a t a var ie gat e d forms a s i n th e ca s e of fol i s g , of t h e wat e rs id e

. group , a n d t h e pal li da var i egat e d wit h it s s t rip e s of s ilve r a n d gol d Th e r e i s oft en a pr ej ud ice again st t h e Iri s b ecaus e s ome ki n d s E turn d ingy i n th e s umme r whi ch make s t h e b e ds u n s ign ht l y . s pe c ia l l y i s t h is th e ca s e wit h t h e B lack Pri n c e an d th e Fl ore n ti n a Al ba .

But mos t ki n d s r et a in t h e ir fr e sh n e s s un t il l at e i n t h e fal l . M os t of

th e Pa l id a s k e ep gr e e n . Th e c h armin g Fairy an d mos t of t h e In t e r

e M on s u r s m d iat e s , th e Acorus , p an d Gia nt s r e t ain th e i r fr e s hn e s s all s umme r . D Th e re i s a n i ncr ea sin g family of th e warfs , man y of th em of rar e

e . b e auty . In bl ooming t h ey follow each oth e r in r api d succ e s s ion Th n come t h e gr owing f amily of Int erm e di at e s . Th ey l e a d you on to t h e

P . e arly Ge rman s , Ame rica n B lack rin c e an d Fl or en ti n a Alb a t If you plan t i n a c ircl e you ca n put t h e t all e s t i n t h e ce n t e r , h e n - '

I m f . t hos e n ot s o t al l n ext , th e n th e nt e r e d iat e s an d out s id e t h e dwar s

We ar e oft e n call e d . t o furn is h d iagrams for a s ucc e s s ion of 2 r 0 30 . b looms . Th is plan will t ak e ab out t o va ri et i es Th e ows a r e n u m be r e d an d t h e n t h e pl ant s ar e numbe r e d t o mat ch th e rows . Th e ' P P G ﬁrs t row will b e umil a . Th e n ext umila old e n , t h en s om e a l i t tl e N l . . at e r Th e n com e th e early In t e rm e diat e s , th e n t h e m e diums ext h G t e early Ge rma n s , t h e n t h e med ium e rman s a n d n ext t h e l at e s

i n M o n s u r s G a t e a s . Ge rman s . Th e n th e p an d l a s t t h e g Th is pla n giv es an a scen ding s e r ie s a s t o h e ight an d wit h it a s ucce s s ion of b loom which cont inue s ove r two mon th s . If your b ed i s la rge e n ough , eve ry morn in g you may h ave a fr e s h vi s it or t o gr e e t you wit t h h e r win n i ng

m . s il e s As t h ey i ncr e a s e s o r api dly , ab out t e n from on e i n two ye a rs you n e e d but a few on th e st art an d t h e n you ca n r e con s t ruct your

g be d on a l ar e r Scal e .

Th for F o n e Iris r c i g .

Tak e s om e st ron g cl ump s , n ot t oo la rge , s ay two or t hr e e ye ar s

ol d . Le ave th e e art h on t h em , tak e t h em up j us t b efor e th e groun d fre eze s , put th em i n l a rge p ot s an d pl ac e in a c ool c ell a r . It will n ot h urt t h em t o fr e eze . If th ey d o l e t t h e frost com e out gradual ly . Th e n brin g th em up t o th e light and put t h em in t h e South win dow

an d you can h av e ﬂowe rs t h rough Feb rua ry an d M a rch , an d by pl an t i ng whit e on e s you can h ave b eaut iful E a st e r ﬂ owe rs a n d with car e

you can cove r almost h al f th e ye ar with Iri s blooms . G rown i n th e h ou s e t h ey will b e mor e b e aut iful an d d eli c at e t h a n if grown out of door s You can for c e th e d iffe ren t col ors if you wi s h a n d h ave s ome of

i s h e p n k , ome re d , oth e rs s n owy wh it e a n d of various ot h e r sh ade s . T e xpen s e will b e s mall a n d th e r e sult s ext remely s at is fact ory . S h elt e red from t h e weath e r th ey wil l con t in ue l on ge r i n bl o om t h a n out M ANUAL O N TH E IRIS 1 5

o f d oor s . Oth e r wi nt e r ﬂowe r s ar e expe n s ive but th e s e you ca n s e cur e a t l it tl e c o s t a n d wh e n you get st art e d you ca n ge t t h em from your own gard e n . It wil l b e foun d t h at t hi s imme n s e family will furn i s h s uch a va r i e ty i n bl oom an d i n c ol or th ey will b e a con st an t surpri s e a n d d e li gh t .

C H P A T E R VIII .

Th e a id n e a s e of t h i R p I cr e I r s is G r e a t ly in it s Fa vo r .

E c h o ic e s t v a r ie t ie s SOc ve n th e _ ar e s eld om ove r api ec e an d ﬁ n e

- ﬁ v . c ommon s ort s ca n b e h a d at fr om ﬁve t o twe nty e c e n t s e ach . For

you ca n ge t ﬁ fty, t wo of a kin d . In a l it tl e wh il e on e b ec ome s

a l a rge clump an d t h e n a d ivi d e d clump b ecom e s a ma s s . Wit h

p e on i e s it i s d i ffe r e n t . Th e b e st k ind s are expen s ive . We have paid from t h r e e t o t e n d oll ar s a root for t he m a n d i f t he y will d oubl e e ve ry ye a r t h ey will d o w ell . M a ny kin d s of th e Iri s will inc re as e

ﬁ v e t im e s a s fa s t . Tak e th os e s ta nd ar d s ort s , t h e b e aut iful Ch al e e d on i a or D el icat a a n d you will oft e n get th irty from on e in two or t hr e e ye a rs .

S ome p e opl e ar e b or n fad d is t s . The y t ake t o on e t hing an d

' O n e wa n t n oth i n g el s e . i s an expe rt with th e ros e s . An oth e r goe s D u in t o raptur e s ov e r t h e a hl i a n til you a s k h im ab out it s fragr an ce . An ot h e r wa n t s n oth i n g but p e on ie s—a n ot h e r ﬁ n d s phl oxe s all h e

. l l n e e d s . B ut w e wa n t t h em al l A _ wel l b al an ce d flow e r gard en wi h a ve t h e b e s t t h e worl d a ffor ds a n d it will b e i ncompl et e if any of t h e s ucc e s s ful st an d ard fl owe r s ar e want in g . An d a pe rs on doe s n ot n e ed H man y t h in gs t h at mus t b e n ur s e d an d coddl e d all th e t im e . e want s fl owe r s t h at a r e in t e re st e d i n th e matt e r t h e ms elve s—th at wil l n ot ’ b e t oo s e n s i t ive o r s ul ky if th i ngs don t go exactly t o th e i r l i king. d s Ye t al l pl an t s h ave t h e ir id iosync ra s i e s or i n d ividual ity . On e n e e t o a nd r e ally d elight s t o study th e ir lik e s an d d i sli k e s an d t ri e s t o

ﬁ n d out t h e i r pr e fe r e nc e a s h e woul d t h e wis h e s of i nvit e d gu e st s . Th e r e i s an e duc at i on wh i ch n o on e ca n h ave exc ept h e i s i n cl os e a n d t ouch wit h h i s pl an t s . It will h el p s om e t o r e ad up ab out th em h e may ge t s om e i n format i on from oth e rs but th e ve ry b e s t in forma H t i on h e ca n ge t i s from t h e ﬂ owe r s t h e ms e lv es . e r e h e get s hi s

. kn owl e dge ﬁ r s t h an d . For i n s t an c e a ma n plan t s a ﬁn e l ot of phl oxe s H . e H e put s th e m on a ridge . Th e r e come s a d ry t im e h a s n ot cult i

H e v v a t e d t h e groun d an d h e ﬁ n d s th e m dryi n g up . goe s o e r t o P a n e ighb o r an d ﬁ n d s h i s a r e all righ t . hl oxe s a r e sh all ow r oot e d pl an t s an d h i s n e ighb or pl a nt e d t h em r at h e r d e e p an d i n a d epr e s s ion in s t e a d of pl an t i n g sh all ow on a r idge . Th e n th e groun d wa s well cul tivat e d s o t h e mo i st ur e wa s r et ai n e d an d t h e s e we r e en durin g d ry n . we at h e r a ll righ t . A ma n mu st watch t hi gs I vi s it e d a fri e n d i n Chi “ l H e . , c ago . wa s t ryin g t o ra i s e grap e s Sa i d h e th ey ar e n ot d oi ng w el

e I t ook th e ve ry b e s t ca r e of th em , I h ad a l oa d of ma nur put in e ach P h ol e a n d th e n h a d t h e grape s pl ant e d on it . oor th in gs , t h ey I 6 MANUAL ON TH E I RI S

wer e dyin g w it h dysp eps i a . H e woul d have b e e n s ic k h ims elf if h e h a d t o e at a whol e ox at a me al . We ge t ch oic e t hings a n d wa nt t o d o t h e b e s t we ca n by t h e m an d ove r d o i t .

. A gen tl eman in M in n e s ot a b ough t a l ot of p e oni e s A yea r_ l at e r h e as k e d me t o s e e t h e m “ I we n t . T hey we r e poor dwarfe d ,

Y o s ic kly th ings . S ai d I I kn ow j us t what you di d . u dug a t re n ch ,

ﬁll e d it wit h manure , fr e s h at th a t , t h e n put i n t h e r oot s an d c ove re d f l l . a t h em wit h ma nur e in wint e r . You h ave s urfe it e d t h em Thi s t ak e t h em up an d put t h em in a fr e s h p i ec e of groun d th at h a s n ot b e e n e n rich e d lat ely a n d you will s ave t h em . I dug up on e p oor t hi n g . It _ h a d t h e club foot . It could n ot p os s ibly throw out any young r oot s . All t h e s ust e n an c e ha d t o come t h rough ab s orpt i on from t h e ol d d is e a s e d root .

I n th e ca s e of Iris e s . A ma n wi ll ﬁ n d th e t op s wilti ng an d fall in g - ff $ o t h e rh izome . What i s t h e caus e We t fe et prob ab ly a n d t oo w much m an ure . Yet th e s e p e re n n i al s , ar e ha rdy an d h e n you u n d e r st an d th ei r n e ed s an d k e ep on t h e right s id e of t h em you a re al l

right . You have two n e ighb or s , on e on e ach s id e of you . You wis h

t o b e on t h e b e s t t e rms wit h th em , b ut t h ey ar e e nt ir ely d iffe r e n t an d w hat woul d pl e a s e on e woul d n ot pl e a s e th e ot h e r . B ut you s oon

ﬁ n d out th ei r peculia rity an d t r e at th e m accordin gly . S om e Iri s e s , l ike t h e Jap s , wan t wet fe et at bl oomin g t ime . Th e s ame tr e atme n t will n t o s uit t h e G e rman var i et i e s . Th e Acorus family an d many of o ur

wild n at ive s ort s will bl oom in wat e r , a con d it ion wh ich woul d r ot n oth er kin ds . Th e Ge rma s l ike well d ra in e d groun d 0 11 wh ich wat e r do e s n ot st an d . Th ey r e quir e good cult ivat ion a n d a re t h e ea s ie s t

th ings t o h an dl e we h av e i f we humor t h eir p ecul iar it i e s . You might put t he Ps eudo Acorus up t o it s kn e e s i n wat e r b u t you t r ea t a p e ony

th at way an d you drown it in a we e k .

C H PT A ER I X .

Twe nt = ﬁ v e B e s t S o t s Lv r a n d C l a s s iﬁ c a t io n . D WARFS C yan e a . Ind igo blue .

M axin e . Fi n e purpl e . P G e m . rairi e Gold e n . P Royal urpl e .

INTE RM E D IATE

. . P Lorel ey Radi antly b e aut i ful et al s cr e am mot tl ed . D r . o oth e a Whit e ve i n e d b lue , large an d lovely . H a C lfda n . r eamy wh it e .

- . r e Inge b org g wh it e . ‘ La P . P rince s s Vict oria Loui s e rimros e a n d purpl e .

18 MANUAL ON TH E I RI S

e H e rmod a ctyl u s Tu b r os a .

Th e r e i s n o account ing for t h e n ame s b o tan is t s give t o i n n oce n t: H w c f pl an t s . e re i s a vari ety it h a ﬁ ngere d root st o k , d iff e re n t rom

H e r mod a ct l u s s th e th r e e cl a s s e s w e hav e give n an d it i s c all e d y , ﬁ nge r $ H O n e . of H erm e s . Wh o wa s e rm e s of t h e God s of Grecia n M yt hology Trad it ion h a s it that t h e lit tl e r a sc al got out of h i s cr a d e an d st ol e a d rove of cattl e a n d th en l i e d ab out it . H e wa s a cun n in g th i e f

' a n d call ed l igh t fi n ge r e d . “ h at r e s emb l an c e a s ci e nt i st ca n fin d b etwe e n a n in n oce n t pl an t an d t h e fi nge r s of a thi ef w e can n ot

a nd . un de r st an d , but th e n am e i s th e r e a n d it s t icks w e h av e t o us e it

‘ Th i s i s al s o c all e d s n ak e s h e ad an d s omet ime s th e wid ow Iris . ’ l We h umbly con fe s s we ca n t s e e t h e r e s mb an ce . Wh en we s e e ’ s a mourn in g widow , a s n ak e s h e ad i s t h e l a t th ing we would thin k

of . Th is mourn ing Iri s , t hough v e ry dark i n col or i s regard e d a s will v e ry b e aut iful . S om e t ime s t h e r oot is unb r an ch ed a n d oft e n it h av e th r e e or four ﬁ n ge r b ran ch e s . This i s rar e , an d I kn ow of

a ~ s u c c e s s n o on e i n Ame ri ca n t h at k e ep s it . It i s con si d e re d in th e -

C E . B oa inc Ga rd en s of amb ridge , n glan d , h oweve r

T C H AP E R X .

Iris e s for t h e G r e a t S ou t h w e s t .

- Th e Iri s family i s spl en d idly ad apt ed t o t h e s emi a rid s t at e s , an d s om e of t h e s pe ci e s t hat do n ot t hriv e el s e wh e r e un l e s s prot ect e d or gr own un d e r gl a s s , d o r emark ably well wit h us i n t h e op e n . Th e

Span i sh Iri s for in st an c e , grows t o p erfe cti on , a s al s o oth er s of th e bulb ou s sp eci e s n ot s o wel l k n own a s yet . Th er e s e em s t o b e an impr e s s i on t h at all Iri s e s re qui r e a gre at d e al of moi sture . As a matt er of fact mos t of th e Ge rman ica typ e d o well wit h much l e s s moistur e t h an many oth e r plant s , a s t h e l a rge m ﬂ e shy rh izome st ore s up s o uch m oi st ur e , an d th e br oad foli age at tracts much mor e moist ur e fr om th e atmosph e r e t h an on e woul d suppos e . if t h ey h ad n ot ob s erve d th ei r h ab it s durin g t h e dry s e as on . With s om e spe ci e s it is n e ce s s ary th at wat e r b e withh eld dur ing th e summe r mon th s . Th e Spuri a G roup of Iri s e s do n ot r equir e much i f

G P — n any m or e mo isture th a n th e e rman ic a typ e , an d eve n s e udo acor s , w t h e at e r Ir i s , doe s well wit h a re a s on abl e am oun t of irrigati on durin g th e d ry s ea s on .

In s el ecti ng Ir i s e s for th e dri e r s e ct i on s , it i s b e s t t o pl an t th e

a s - st ronge r gr owi ng va ri et i e s , t h ey will giv e t h e b e st s at i sfact ion . w Your growe r ca n t ell you h ich t h e s e a r e . vi s it e d a pl ac e l a st summ e r wh e r e we h ad s ol d a ﬁ n e col l ecti on of I ri s e s t hr e e ye ar s pr evi ou sly , exp ect in g t o s e e s om e ﬁ n e h n . T e pl a t s gard e n er s aid th e s oil wa s n ot s uit ed t o t h em . It c e r t a in l o y l ook ed a s th ough s ometh in g wa s wr ng, for h e s h owe d us a M ANUAL ON TH E I RI S 19

sickly l ookin g l ot of pla nt s . Th ey we re pl an t e d in a b e d on a l a rge o l awn wh e re t h ey we r e k ept th roughly s oak e d with wa t e r , a n d al s o

t o m ak e m at t e r s wor s e , w e r e h e avily mulch ed wit h fre s h ho rs e

. man ure Th e on ly won d e r wa s a pl an t s urvive d t o t e ll t h e t al e . Th ey

could h av e s t ood t h e m oi sture if th ey h a d b e e n given prop e r drai nage ,

b ut t h e b e d wa s p e rfe ctly l e ve l . A sh ort d i st a n ce from t h i s b e d was P a alm , an d pl an t e d aroun d it wa s a row of Iri s e s a s ﬁ n e a l ot of pl ant s

a s on e woul d wi s h t o s e e . Th ey we r e plan t e d two or t hr e e fe et fr om P , l P t h e alm with a s h al ow t re n ch b e twe e n t h e alm an d Ir is e s , wh ich

a fford e d suffic i e n t dra in a ge . We re c e iv e d a n ord e r fr om a party i n M on t a n a two or th re e ye ar s

ago , for s om e Iri s t o pl an t i n a c em et e ry . Th ey s a id i t wa s ab out t h e only pla nt t h a t woul d d o well t h e r e t hat wa s ad apt e d t o th e pur n t pos e , th at di d o r e quir e wat e rin g . We h e a rd on ly a few days s in c e

t hat t h e pla n t s gav e pe rfect s at i s fact ion .

e v e r v w h e r e l v a r ie s a n S e a s on s vary , an d th e rai nfa l h d a s almost t l wit h out exce p i on , anyon e wh o h a s a ga rd e n h a s s ome me an s of app y

i n g wat e r , it i s wel l t o wa t e r th e Ir is e s a s t h e plan t s mak e a b ett e r

a ppe ara n c e , a n d th e bl oom i n g pe r iod i n pl ac e of b ei n g a few we ek s , G c ove r s s ev e ral m ont h s i f on e h a s much of a coll ect ion . M r s . Al la n r ay bl - for in st an ce . oom s wit h u s i n Jun e July , an d gi ve s much b ett e r r e s ult s

y i f k ept fai rl m oi st by i r rigat ion , aft e r t h e rai ny s e a s on i s ove r . Crim

t h e r s on Kin g on ot h e h an d d oe s r em arkably wel l wit h out ir rigat i on ,

' n whi ch mak e s it s s econ d crop of bl oom at t h e s a m e t ime a s M r s . Alla

G . ray b l oom s I f irri gat e d h oweve r , it mak e s l on ge r st e ms an d s om e

e r m a n ic s wh at ﬁ n e r ﬂ ow e r s . Th e G a an d s ome ot h e r s of th i s type will a bl oom at in t e rval s th rough out t h e summ e r , s ome mak ing quit e

full c r op of bl oom wit h t h e n e c e s s ary moi st ure give n th em . m S o many Ir i s e s ar e n ative s of a cl imat e s i il a r t o our own , b ot h

r n o t a s r ega d s wet an d dry s e a s on s , a s w el l as t emp e rature , th at it is

st r an ge t h ey r e a d ily ad apt t h em s elv e s t o our c on dit i on s .

TH E D E A N IRIS GARD E N S .

M . on et a . Cal i forn i a

P . . . rof J J Th orn b e r , Un iv e r s ity of Arizon a , Tuc s on , Ar izon a , writ e s th at i n t h e t ryi ng clim at e of hi s st at e it i s imp os s ibl e t o rai s e 1 00 a r e p e on i e s an d ph l ox e s . b ut h e h a s n e arly va riet i e s of Iri s t h at mak in g good H e s ays : Ir i s e s c on st itut e on e of our l a rge st group s of h ardy p e r en n i al

n 1 ﬂowe r s ; t h e r e ar e i n c ult ivat ion o w mor e th a n 70 sp ec ie s , wit h

vari et i e s alm o st t oo n ume rous t o m e nt i on . Wh e n on c e e s t abl i s h ed , a n

I ri s b ed sh oul d n ot b e d i st urb e d an y mor e th a n i s n ec e s s ary , s in c e ord in a rily t h e pl ant s d o n ot bl o s s om well th e ﬁ rst ye a r a ft e r b e in g

s et . h B ec aus e of t h ei r ge n e ral ard in e s s , a n d e spec ially th e d rough t G r e s i st a n t qualiti e s of a l a rge n umb e r of t h em , part icul a rly t h e e rma n n Iri s e s , t h ey a r e admirably ad apt e d for pla nt in g i n s out hwe st e r 20 M ANUAL ON TH E IRIS

in gar de n s . The r e are f ew ﬂowe r s th at ar e a s un iformly s ucc e s s ful

h . Arizon a , wit our wid e range of growi ng con dit ion s , a s t h e Ir is Th ey

‘ can e n dure s om e alk ali , s t rong light , t hrive in h e avy or l ight s oil s , grow wit h much or l ittl e irrigation an d e n dur e prolon ge d drought a n d h e at . With t h ei r s urface growing rh izom e s t h ey ca n eve n t ol e r at e poor dra in age . To b e mod erat ely s ucc e s sful , t hey r e quir e only t h e mos t ord in ary culture . On account of t h e ea s e a n d s ucce s s with which t h ey grow , t h ey s h oul d ﬁ n d a plac e i n eve ry ga rd e n . It i s i n t e r e s t in g t o kn ow th at a numb e r of r ar e Ir i s e s from Pal e s t i n e an d Syri a wh ich E a re grown with difficulty i n t h e as t e rn s t at e s , b los s om an d com e t o p e rfect ion i n t h e mild climat e of Arizon a an d Cal iforn ia . Th e wr it e r k n ows of pl ant s th at h ave gr own for s eve ral ye ar s o n d ry Ar izon a m e s a s wit h on ly t h e s cant rai n fall a n d t h e occa s ion al

ﬂood wat e r th at coll ect e d i n th e b a s i n s s urroun d in g t h e m . In t h e h eavy r e d cl ay s oil i n t h e cem et e ry of on e of our la rge r Ar izon a mi n

. i ng t own s , Iris e s a r e much plant e d a n d succ e e d b eyon d expectat ion

Wh e n e st abli sh e d t h e r e , th ey grow a n d b l os s om ye ar aft e r ye a r with E l itt l e car e , an d t h ey h av e come t o b e kn own t o t h e ch il dr e n a s a s t e r $ Lil i e s . I know of n o oth e r ﬂowe r t hat woul d t hr iv e s o we ll un de r th e s ame t ryi ng con dit ion s .

I ri s e s a re us e d t o, a dvant age i n many k in d s of pla nt in g, i ncluding ma s s i ng, s e tt ing al on g b ord er s of walk s an d d riv e s , a n d al s o for n at ur

n a l iz i g i n b ack yard s , i n woods an d alon g b rook s . Wit h t h e ir s h owy i ' ﬂowe r s an d s tr ict h ab t of growth , t h ey a r e excell e n t for formal b e d d ing an d th ey l e n d t h ems elve s well t o art i st ic e ffe ct s . In a ddit i on t o Iri s e s h e ret ofor e me nt ion e d s h oul d b e n ot e d t h e s eve ral dwarf Ir i s e s wh ich ar e spl e n did for low b ord e rs , an d t h e Span is h an d E n gl i s h Ir is e s , th e two l att e r bulb ous in digen ous to Spa in . It is on ly wit hin t h e l a s t f ew ye ar s t hat Ir is e s h av e b egun t o re ce ive th e att en t ion from ﬂ ori s t s t h ey m e rit . Th e l arge n umb e r of va ri et i e s , t h e ir artist ic qual it ie s an d t h e i r wid e ran ge of color in s ur e

’ for t h em a perma n en t pl ace i n our gard e n s a s w e l l a s in t h e h e a rt of t h e amat eur gard e n e r . M ANUAL ON TH E I RI S 21

CLASSIFICATI ON.

Lis t Pr e a e d b M r s De a n p r y . , M on it a , Ca l ifo r n ia .

D F B E D WAR AR E D I R IS ES .

Th er e a re prob ably 75 t o 100 n am e d Iri s e s wh ich ar e c at al ogue d un de r t hi s group , a n d th e l i st con s t an tly growin g . Th ey vary in h e ight from t h r e e t o four i n ch e s t o a foot or ove r . They a re excell e n t t o fo r r e u ir edge b ord e r s , t h e rock e ry , or for ground c ove r anywh ere , q ing t h e s am e c on d it i on s a s t h e l a rge r Iri s e s of t hi s char act e r . Th e a r e G e r ma n ic a ﬂowe rs n e a rly a s l arge a s th e s , a n d t h er e i s a wi d e ran ge of c ol or t o s e l ect from . Th ey a r e among th e e arlie st t o b loom .

Th e followin g l i s t compri s e s but a few, but i s r epr e s e nt at ive of t h e group .

S r ep r e s en t s upright p et al s an d F t h e d roopi n g on e s . i G B a ce ng hyb r i d s . roun d o f wh it e , s ulph ur or primros e , s uffus e d

gr e e n , ﬂak e d an d ma r ke d wit h purpl e or bl ue . Ci r t e a . P al e ye ll ow a n d cit ron . C yan e a . In digo b lu e . E burn ea . Wh it e . E P xc el s a . al e l emon ye ll ow . C Flori da . it ron yell ow .

Floribun d a . Fi n e ye ll ow . D Formos a . ark b lu e a n d v iol e t .

G . rac ili s S ilv e r gr ey, b l otch e d pu rpl e .

Oran ge Qu e e n . Gol d e n ye ll ow .

Schn e ek upp e ( Sn owcap) . Fin e wh it e .

C . Th e B r id e . h oi ce whi t e N M axin e . e w b e aut i ful purpl e . P m G ra iri e G e . ol d e n P Roya l urpl e . Ric h gli s t en in g purpl e .

NT M I E R E DI ATE IRI S ES .

D Th e s e hyb ri d s ar e cro s s e s b etwe e n warf a n d Tall B ea rd e d Iris e s .

Th ey ar e m e d ium i n h e igh t , ﬂowe rs l arge , s om e un us ually s o . Fre e an d v e ry e a rly bl oom e r s .

B l . P e v e n e r . 1 o s n ia ma c . . d . S Cr e am ; F al e cr e am , ora nge b e a rd 8 in - B run e tt e . S . a n d F . s oft primros e yellow , F . s h ot wit h ol ive an d — 22 ma rbl e d vi ol e t , b e a r d rich ora n ge yellow, large ﬂowe r . i n . - - 18 . Ca n ari . S . an d F . c an ary ye llow , b e a r d ora nge yel low . i n 21 Ce re s . S . a n d F . p e arl whit e , b e a rd oran ge , l arge ﬂowe r . i n . - i Ch arman t . S . s ilv e ry b lu e ; F . p e arl blu e , w t h d e epe r blu e markings , - 21 b e ar d oran ge ye ll ow . i n . 2 P . . . Con st a nc e . ea rly wh it e , F s h ad e d wit h blue ft D 1 8 . auph i n . Rich purpl e , wit h v e ry di sti nct dar k fall . i n D h 9 . el ic at a . Lave n d e r w it e . i n 1 D . 8 P . iamon d . ur e wh it e , blu e s t ai n ing on fal l s in - 1 D . . 8 . olph in . S . l igh t blu e ; F v elvety v i ol et purpl e i n 21 D . . ora . Rosy l il ac , sh owy i n

D n . . o C arl os . S . b lue ; F viol et

1 . D . s . 5 . or ot he a . S . wh it e with b lue ma rkings ; F oft blue in ext ra ﬁ n e

E . 9 . clip s e . Re d di s h purpl e i n

E . mpre s s . Cre a my y ell ow

E . tt a . S oft yell ow, b e a rd orange 22 MANUAL ON TH E I RI S

. 18 . Fr eya . Porc e l ai n gray , sh a d e d wit h vi ol et in e e . , F r it z o f. S . s oft l av n d e r ; F s oft purpl e , s ha d e d l ave n d e r l arg

ﬂowe r .

Gerda . S . c re am ; F . da rk e r .

b 18 . . i Gorge ou s . S . vi ol e t lu e ; F . rich purpl e n

H C . alfdan . r e amy wh it e

2 . H . . elge Lem on yell ow , oran ge b e ard ft 2 . . H er eward . S . lave n d e r whit e ; F . bluis h viol e t ft

H e . orac e . Wh it e , t int e d bl u , b e ar d or an ge

Vh i e . . In geb org . \ t Large ﬂowe r e w , Ivorin e . Ivory h it e wi t h gold m ark ings at b a s e of p et a ls orang

b eard . - e Kin g Chri st ian . La rge sulphur wh it e , w it h ye ll ow ma r ki ngs at b a s

of pet al s . 1 5 . G . King H umb e rt . ood da rk bl ue i n 2 P w . 1 . La e rl e . S oft yell o i n 1 P . 8 . M argar et . al e l aven d er i n

2 . i h it s . 0 N p o . b e ard y ell ow i n 1 2 Ob el i sque . Rich purpl e s elf , small whit e th roat . i n . - 2 . h . w . O d i n . S . it e ; F l ave n d er wh it e , ﬁ n e form ft

P . . rince Vict or . S . b lue ; F dar k vi ol e t - n 2 . Que e Flavi a . La rge ﬂowe r , on e of t h e b e st , p rimros e ye llow s e lf , ft '

2 . W . Rei n ett e . hit e suffus e d pal e lave n d e r ft - l 14 . S i . Royal . s oft v ol et blue :F . ve vety purpl e i n

P . 22 . S arah . earl wh it e in l P . S ol fat ar e . al e su phur , t inge d pal e bl ue 2 P . . d . Th e Bri e ure wh it e , primros e col or e d b e ard ft

21 . . o s . Un a S ft primro e , b—a s e of p et al s yell ow , ora nge b e ard i n o 2 . a . . e . . Walh lla S l av n d e r bl ue ; F viol et purpl e , pal e r t ward e dge ft

G E RMANI C A G R OU P .

o —D Alb a (Th i s i s pr b ably but not ce rt ai n ly Alb ica n s yk e s ) . — P . As kab ad . al e blue an d purpl e blue

Ama s ( M acranth a ) . A ha n d s ome gian t ﬂowe r e d form from As i a

M . . . . 2 in or S rich bl ue ; F viol et ft . Argu s . S . viol et : F . purpl e . — m . B l a c k P . A . . rin c e S purpl e l ilac ; F rich v elv ety bl ac k . Ve ry e a rly . 24 in . o — 2 C . . rims n Kin g Rich cl ar et purpl e ft . i - - F o n t a r a b e . . 1 S vi ol et blu e ; F . rich vi ol et purpl e . 8 in . - r . . . 2 Kh a put S v i ol et : F velvety viol e t purpl e . ft . -

. 30 . Koch ii Rich cl ar et purpl e . i n

. . . M agn a B old ma s sive flowe r S cl e ar metall ic blue ; F . purpl e . - . M aj or . S purpl e blue ; F . d a rk purpl e . N D — epal en si s (At r opurpure a ) . ark a n d rich purpl e bl ac k wit h a litt l e whit e at th r o at . — O r ifl a mm e . . . . S ligh t blue ; F r ich viol e t purpl e Imme n s e flowe rs . P l . . v 2 urp e Kin g Full purpl e Ve ry e ffect i e . ft . — - . . . . 30 Siwa s S vi ol et blu e ; F vi ol et bl ack i n .

Sp erl in g . Same c ol or a s Kh ar put but a la rge r ﬂo w e r - - . . . 2 Vi ol et Que en S vi ol et bl ue ; F vi ol et bl ack . ft . C o . . 2 Vulgari s ( omm n Blu e Fl ag) S blue ; F . purpl e . ft .

Pa id a G o u ll r p.

h e r s o m T e a r e e ve ry ch oic e va ri et i e s foun d i n th is group , with: d n e i i i . th e r el cat e opal col or s Th er e ar e th e l igh t e r t in ts of blue , b l ue M ANUAL ON TH E I RIS 23

1 1 13 0 - , - l av e n d e r , r os e l i lac , m auve a n d l ave nd e r purpl e a s als o t h e ,

da rk e r s h a d e s . M os t o f t h e m h ave l arge fl owe rs with t all flowe ring s t ems . Th e pl a n t t s m a k e a i n e app e ara n ce wit h th e ir tall b road foli f , a ge . Th e V E RX G N . fl owe r s a r e FRA RA T . Time o f bl ooming of mos t f o t h i s gr oup i s a l i tt l e l at e r t h a n t h e Ge rma n ica Group .

5 . i ; . . 40 . Alb e rt V ct or . s oft b lue F b e a ut i ful s oft lave n d e r Ve ry ﬁ n e . in

, . i — An gel o S r c h r o sy p um ; F . c rims on purpl e yell o w b e a rd l , . Ar c h e v e u e . - q . V i . d S d e ep ol e t purpl e F e e p velve ty viol et . A ; s s a u r e z . — . . 2 S b r ight vi ol et ; F cri m son purpl e . 6 i n . - . - . . 2 A st a rt e S r osy l il ac ; F cla ret r e d . ft . '

. G e n ia l t i B arbara A pr etty fo rm of g wit h t h e s oft b lue color of A . i V ct or . B r i n o e n s e . P . 2 al e vi ol et Fr e e ﬂowe rin g . ft .

' . . i . l . Ca pr c e S r osy r e d ; F d e ep e r osy r e d Fr e e ﬂowe ring. C . P el e s t e a—l e azur e bl u e . 30 in . . B Ce li a lu e vi ol et . C . h a me l e on Lav en d e r bl ue , wit h d ark b lue ma rki ngs .

. . Ch e rub i n S pal e l ilac ; F . t hi nly ve i n e d purpl e .

. . Comm an da n t B e tt i S rich purpl e ; F . d e ep vi ol et . - . . . 4 Crus a d e r S l ight viol et b lu e ; F d e e pe r sh ad e , ora nge b e a rd . 0 in . D l ma r i a u s . . S pal e b lue ; F . d ark e r wit h b rown sh ad ing . D . 2 e l ica t a A pr et ty s oft s h ad e of Fr e n ch grey . ft . D - P alma t ic a r in c e s s B e at ric e . S . s oft lave n d e r ; F . cle a r d e ep lave n de r . E 4 xt ra ﬁ n e . 0 i n . D r Pa r n . e t . . S s oft rosy l ilac ; F . s h ad in g t o wh ite . E - dwa rd VII . S . bl u e ; F . pal e r e dd i s h vi ol et . E d . J . M ich e l F t rue pu rpl e , s h ad e d da rk e r . S . n ot quit e s o b righ t .

. . 2 Fl or e n c e Well s S s oft ma uve ; F. d e ep e r mauve . % ft . G . 2 a ri b al d i Ro s y p in k . ft .

Ga rr ick . S . r osy pi n k ; F. da rk e r . M e dium . G 4 . 0 . lory o f H ill egom Love ly rich blu e . Ve ry b roa d fol iage . i n - . . 2 Gol d cr e s t B r ight vi ol et bl ue , yell ow b e a rd . % ft .

. 2 Gui n e ve r e S oft li l ac s el f , b e a rd yell ow . ft . '

. r o s e F . . H e r M aj e s ty S . s oft ; d e epe r r os e , h e avily ve i n e d D - H om e r . a r k l ave n d e r blu e . - 5 . . 2 I s ola . ligh t bl ue ; F . vi ol e t purpl e % ft . I l n - - s o e e . w . S . l ilac pin k ; F . purpl is h old r os e , yell o b e a rd 2 Joh n B ull . S . so ft l ilac ; F . d el ic at e mauve l il ac , b ea rd oran ge . ft .

P . J oh n Fo st e r . ur e wh it e , pal e c r eam b e a rd , wit h purpl e ve in s 42 Jun iat a . S . an d F . cl e a r blue . i n . - 2 . Ka thl e e n . A s oft r os e l il a c . ft

Kh e d iv e . B e aut i ful s oft l ave n d e r . 30 i n .

3 . Lady Fos t er . S . pal e b lu e ; F . l i gh t b lui s h vi ol e t , % ft - m a n u v . 4 . Le on id a s . S . s oft l ave n d e r grey ; F . r osy e 0 i n H d . 33 . Loh e n gr i n . S mauve : F . Chi n e s e viol et . an s om e . in i H Pa c u t t e . . . 30 M a d . q B righ t r os y cla r e t an d s om e i n . - M a n r l i . E c . 3 . d a s a e . Rich l ave n d e r purpl e a rly a n d h a nd s ome ft

2 . M i ka d o . S . h el iot rop—e ; F . d a rk e r . % ft M i rage . S . l a ven d e r wh it e ; F . l il ac .

M i ri am . S . pal e st l il ac ; F . a p al e l il ac , groun d rich ly ve i n e d r e d di s h

p urpl e . - e M i s t . Lave n d e r bl u .

P . M ont e B al d o va r . urpl i s h vi ol et , c on s picuous yel l ow b e a rd - - n . . v . g i . M t . Pe r n S l a e n d e r ro s e ; F c ri ms on l i l ac , de ep ora e b e a r d

30 i n .

C . G . . . , M rs . All a n r ay S l ight mauve ; F h in e s e viol e t s h ad e d da rke r

. Op ort o . Rich pu rpl i s h mauve , wit h con s picuous yellow b ea rd

i 40 i . Pall i d a ( typ e) . S l ave n d e r ; F . l av en d e r wit h ro sy t n ge . n

i . Pal l i d a Sp ec i os a . S . d ar k l ave n d e r ; F . l av e n d e r , s ha de d l gh t purple 24 MANUAL ON TH E I RIS

. P . allida , fol . var . S oft blue Foli age vari egate d gol d a n d s ilve r - . 30 . P en ge . S . l igh t viol et ; F . viol e t purpl e i n - r i n E ﬂ owe . Pri nc e s s Royal . S oft blue . xt ra t all growi n g a nd fr e e g - e . Pl me r i . . u . S copp e ry ros e ; F v elvety cl ar t — 2 3 . Que e n of M ay . S oft r os e lilac . i n

20 . Rac emosa . Sky bl ue , b ran ch in g s t e ms . i n - Rembran dt . S oft l il ac blue .

D . Rh oda . elicat e s h ad e of cl ea r blus h pin k an d r osy mauve

. Riva . S . rosy purpl e ; F . la rge , st a n d in g almo s t at r ight a ngl e s - D . Ringdove . S . pal e vi ol et ; F .—a s h ad e d e ep e r . i st i n ct var i ety t all Ros e Un i que . B righ t vi ol et r os e . — - 3 . Rub ella . S . ros e l il ac ; F . crims on —purpl e . ft 3 . S aracen . S . v iol et ; F . d e ep purpl e vi ol et . ft

P . S arah . e arly whit e . Fr e e ﬂowe rin g an d v e ry e arly

. e l ma . . S S . light purpl e ; F . r osy purpl e Ve ry e arly an d fre e - h l f r h i f . S e o d C e a n . . t S . l ight blue ; F d e ep e r s h a d e of b right vi ol et A t o s ft .

38 . Sta n dard B e ar e r . Ro sy mauve . in

2 . r i r t . 6 Syb il . S . blu sh ; F . b g ro sy r e d in - Tin . 40 . e a e . S . s oft l ave n d e r bl ue ; F . d e epe r s had e i n

Topaz . Soft r osy l aven d e r . Un i qu e . Tr a l i u t e b . A un iform s oft ros e . h - Viol a . Lig t blue viol et . - - F . Win dham . S . s oft l aven d e r pin k ; . h e av ily v e i n e d a da rk e r s had e - . . 30 . Waln e r S . l ave n d e r ; F . purpl e l il ac i n Z a n a r l l i d e . Fi n e b right blue .

VARl EG ATA G RO UP .

Stan dard s ar e var ious sha d e s of yello w .

1 5 . H . . . . Abou as sa n S ye ll ow ; F yell ow , mottl e d b rown i n — - Ada . S . b righ t can ary yell ow ; F . wh it e , r e t icul a t e d m ad d e r b r own 20 in . l n . . . Ad o i s S cl e a r yel ow ; F primros e , fr e ely t ipp e d an d v e in e d ma d — 1 der red . 8 in . - 2 3 . Apoll on . F . cr ims on madde r . in ‘ — 2 0 . Aur e a . Rich chr om—e yellow . in B e rcht a . S . ol iv e buff , sl ight ly ﬂus h e d viol et ; F . dahl i a purpl e , - i . r et cul at e d whit e , ed ge ol ive buff - . B ismarc k . S . yellow ; F . wh it e , fr e ely r e ticul at e d m a dd e r b rown

22 i n . 2 C P . . . 0 . B r illian t ( h a rl ot t e a tt i ) F yell ow , v ei n e d wh it e in — 22 Butt e rﬂy . S . br ight gold en yell ow ; F . ric h cr ims on b r own . i n . — l . C . . h el e s F b r ight r ed purpl e , b e aut i fully re t ic ul at ed

Ch en e d oll e . F . wh it e , r et icul at e d ma roon .

. . 16 . D an d y F . velvety purpl e S h owy . in D 2 arius . F . lil ac , margin e d primr os e . 0 i n . Ve ry ﬁ n e . h D n . u l u B r n z e i aw S p e yellow . o e v n e d at th roat ; b e ard ora nge . ,

2 . E . . . 6 d Simmon s S y ellow , ﬂak e d purpl e ; F . d ar k v elvety viol et . i n - E . . 3 . n chantr e s s F primr os e , r et icul at e d a n d t ippe d ma dd e r br own . 0 i n

. . 2 Favor it e F l ilac , margin ed wh it e . ft . ’

Fost er s Yellow . Cr e amy ye ll ow . - Fr o . F . r e ddi sh b rown . l G . . 2 agu s F c rims on , ret icu at ed wh it e an d e dge d primros e . ft . - G . . d . 2 anyme d e F whit e , ret icul at e ma roon bl ack ft . w G C . . old r e st F yello . ret icul at ed b ronz e . s G . . . 1 r acchu F cr ims on r e t icul at e d wh it e . 8 i n . H — C . . ect or ( on spi cua ) F vel vety crim s on bl ack . 30 i n .

26 MANUAL ON TH E I RIS

- i . Tli o r b e c k . F . riel cl e a r v iol et purple, r et icul at e d wh it e a t b a s e - i . Vict orin e . F . v iol e t blu e , mottl e d wh t e

. - w . i s s in g. S . b lus h h it e ; F d e e pe r , s h a d ng t o ﬂ e sh c ol ore d b orde r

P NEG LECTA G RO U .

Th e st an dard s in t h i s gr oup ran ge from lav en d e r t o purpl e .

. i i Alb at ros s . S . wh it e , sh ad e d th e pal e s t b lu e ; F wh t e v e n e d a n d

t ippe d r ic h purpl e . Han ds ome . - 2 . i . l . Amab il is . S . pa e l ilac ; F velvety cr ms on purpl e ft - 0 . . 3 At r o co e r u l e a . S . pal e blue ; F . viol et b lue i n - bl u e v e l v e t y purpl e , E n gl i s h B lack Prin c e . S . in t e n s e d e ep viol et ; .

. . i e dge d l ight e r . Ve ry b e aut iful an d rare Sl ow t o n cr e as e - 2 . . B o cca ge . S . laven d e r ; F . cla re t purple ft

26 . . i B rooklyn . S . porcel ai n ; F . l ight bl ue , v e i n e d rus s et n r e t i c u . V i , Can d elabr e . S . s ilve ry mauv e wit h purpl e m ar ki n gs ; F ol et

33 . l at e d whi t e . i n 4 2 . . i Can d id a . S . pal e l ave nd e r ; F . lave n de r , s t re ake d wh it e n ’ . i C li a l c e d o n ia (Joh an d Wort h ) . S . l ight ma uve ; F purpl e , h e av ly

ve in ed .

. 30 . C h a s . D icke n s . S . l ight viol et ; F . i n digo , viole t at b as e in

. 2 . Cl a r is s im a . S . l aven d e r ; F . r et icul at e d purpl e on wh it e gr oun d ft

2 . . Cl io . S . lav e nd e r , pa s s i ng t o wh it e ; F. r ich velve ty v iol e t ft

v . C ord el ia . S . rosy li lac ; F . da rk vel ety cr ims on , edge d ros e B e au

t iful .

22 . . C . . . ott age M aid S s ilve ry b—lue ; F whi t e , fre e ly r et icul at e d viol et in 2 . h r . . Cyt e e . S . ﬁ n e l ave nd er blue ; F rich blu e ft - 3 . . 0 . i D u B oi s de M il an . S . wh it e , t inge d lave n d e r ; F crims on purpl e n 2 2 . E dit h . S . porc el ai n blue ; F . v elve ty blue , ve i n e d wh it e . in P — E sme rald a . urple viol et . - Fr ed e rick . S . lav en de r b lue ; F . l av e n de r , ve in e d b rown . 22 Fairy Que e n . Lave nd e r , t ippe d an d r et iculat e d v iolet . i n . - 2 . H . . an n ib al . S . l aven de r ; F dark purpl e ft - 3 . H . . . . a rl e quin M ilan ai s S wh it e , ﬂa ke d vi ol e t ; F ri ch v iol e t purpl e ft

r 30 . H e a n t . S . blu i sh l il ac wit h blue edge ; F . lave n d e r . i n

v 3 . . 0 Laura . S . laven d er , s ha de d wh it e ; F . rich vel ety purple in

. Lavat er . S . laven d e r , ve in e d purpl e ; F . wh it e , t ra ce d a n d t ippe d viol e t

. S. s . . . 3 M i s s M aggi e s ilvery lave n d e r ; F . suffus e d oft ro s e 0 i n

. G . . . i . M r lad st on e S lave n d e r wh it e , spla s he d purpl e ; F ich purpl e - M on s d e S ibl e . S . lil ac ; F . d e ep crims on purpl e . 30 i n . - M on s ign or . S . r ich sat iny viol et ; F . velvety purpl e cr ims on , with H 2 l ight e r vei n in g an d ma rgin . a n ds ome . ft . — - . . . 30 . Nat ion al S viol et blue—; F rich velvety vi ol et purpl e . in O . . . . 2 s i s S l il ac ; F v iol et purpl e 0 in .

O . . th ell o ( Sappho) S r ich blue ; F . ve ry da rk v elve ty purpl e . 30 i n . i n - Pe r t o . . S l ight blue ; F . d ark velvety vi ol e t blac k . H an ds om e .

fgefi n .

Ra d ia n c e . . S s ilve ry mauve ; F . ric h v elvety purpl e , re t iculat e d whit e

at c l aw . - - 5 . Sh el ford . d ark l aven d e r blue ; F . d ark velvety c rims on purpl e , h e re t iculat e d w it e at b as of fall s .

. . Swe e t h e art S s ilve r , ov erl ai d pal e lave n de r ; F . d ark ve lvety cr im

s on purpl e , r et iculat e d wh it e .

. l a v n r . e d e F . Symp athy S s ilve ry ; v iol et . 30 i n . ' — . . . . 28 Te r e s it a S l ave n d e r ﬂus he d l ilac ; F cri ms on purpl e . i n .

. . Th ora S wh it e , t inge d blue :F . d e e p purpl e . D Ve rb en a . ark velvety purpl e . LOR E LE Y H D M RS . . A RWI N M ANUAL ON TH E I RIS 27

e . . F - e . Virgin i S s oft blu ; b right vi ol e t blu e orange b e a rd . 22 in , .

a . 5 . . W gn e r l av en d e r , F l ave n de r , e dge d vi ol e t . 18 i n .

e . . i i . W ll B a rr S Fre nc h gr ey ; F whit e , fr e ely t race d viol et . 20 i n .

P I C L ATA G ROU P.

Th e ﬂowe r s h ave a b e aut iful col ore d frill - li ke margi n on a whit e ground .

. . i Admiral Togo S pur e wh it e , p e n c il e d lav en d e r at edge ; F. vory 2 whit e . 4 in .

. . Agn e s S whit e , frill e d a n d s h a d e d l il ac ; F . wh it e , trac e d lil ac . 2 ft . A r — s s ie . l y Whit e , p e nc ill e d vio e t b lue . Large ﬂowe r . B a r i n - e s is . D elicat ely e dge d a n d dott e d pal e lil ac ros e . B e autiful .

e . 5 . B rid s maid whit e , s h ad e d s ilv ery l ilac ; F . whit e , r et icul at e d a t l b a s e , a nd slightl y frill e d s oft ilac . 2 ft .

. . Comt e s s e d e Courcy S wh it e , s ha d e d a t e dge s oft mauve ; F. whit e ,

sh a d e d l ave nd e r a t b a s e , l arge ﬂ owe r . 3 ft . D i m i el ica t s s i a ( Gazelle) . Whit e , h e av ly fril l e d lil ac . 2 ft . E . . lizab et h S whit e , h eavily s h a de d lil ac ; F. whit e , sh ad e d lilac a t ma rgi n b Fai r) Whit e , d el icat ely b ord e re d an d s uffus ed s o ft lue . B eautiful . 3;i i n . ’

Je a n n e d A rc . Wh it e , fr ill e d l il ac. B e autiful .

M ad am Ch e re a u . Wh it e , e l ega n tly frill e d with a wid e b orde r of cle ar

blu e . B e aut i ful . 30 i n .

M a M i e . Whit e , frill e d b lue . B e a ut iful . m - . . 2 M a rita a S a n d F . wh it e , ﬁ n ely frill e d r os e lilac . ft . Mr - s . . R eut h e S . whit e , s h ad e d an d vei n e d blue grey ; F. whit e , frille d 2 s oft blu e . ft .

Op h eli a . S . whit e , h e avily frill e d a n d s had e d blue ; F . whit e frill e d

s oft blu e , l arge flowe r . Par is ia n a w . Wh it e , fril l e d bl ue . Large flo e r . i . 5 . . S apph o whit e , fr ll e d l il ac ; F wh it e , fr ill e d and r et iculat ed at 2 cla w lil ac . La rge fl owe r . ft . ’ Swe r t i. “ . 3 hit e , fri ll ed bl u e , p et al oi d st igma s lil ac 0 in . '

“ e . 30 . Sylphid e . hit e , frill e d a n d sh a de d s oft ros in

S QUAL ENS G RO UP.

c l u o d e d Th e st an d a rd s a re s h ad e s of c opp e r , b ronze a nd fawn . - Ab d ul Aziz . S cl oud e d gol d an d lilac ; F. r ich vi ol et purpl e , ret icul at e d 1 whit e . 5 i n .

A . F . B a rron . S . d ark b ron z e ; F . wh it e , ve in e d an d t ipp ed c rims on

b rown .

Al caza r . S . ligh t blui s h vi ol et ; F . d e ep purpl e wi th b ron ze ve in e d 40 t hroat . La rge ﬂ owe r . in .

Ar n l . o s . S r os y b ron ze ; F . ric h velvet y purpl e . H and som e . 30 i n .

r . B a ie n s is E l iz ab e t h . S . irid e s ce n t yell ow : F wh it e , s h ad ing t o bl ue , r rn v ei n e d b ovi .

h r . . B rit an ni a . S . s u l p e y wh it e ; F p urpl e - 2 B ron z e B e auty . S . cl oud e d yel low ; F . ruby l ave nd e r . ft .

Ch a s . D arwin . S . c re am , spott e d b ron ze ; F . whit e reticul at ed b ronz e

a nd purpl e .

Ch e r ion ( Gypsy Qu e e n of s om e cat al ogu e s ) . S . smoky l ave n de r ; F.

30 . vi ol et , v ein e d whit e . i n l 30 . r ma n . . i . i Coppe . S rosy fawn ; F viol et , r et icu at ed wh t e n 28 MANUAL ON TH E I RI S

2 . . D r . B e rn ic e . S . coppe ry b ron ze ; F . velvety c rims on ft

30 . D ov e ( Ros a mo nd) . S . lave nd e r b uff ; F . da rk e r . i n

D . i us ky Prin c e . S . ligh t copp e ry yell ow ; F dus ky purpl e , s had ng to

20 . coppe ry yellow. in

E - h e l i t ro e . ld orad o . S . yellowi s h b ronze sh ad ed b eautifully wit h p ; F - b right viol et purple . Styl e a rms gold .

’ - E i . l e an or . S . s ilve ry gr ey ; F. purpl i s h crim s on , e dge d a nd l i n e d wh t e - - k . El e on . S . old gold , ﬂus h e d a n d s p ot t e d purpl e b ron ze ; F d ar

ma roon , r et iculat e d wh it e . - 2 f E . . xquis it e . S . cloud e d yel low ; F. ros e l il ac t

. G en . d e Wit t e . S . s ilve ry smok e c olor ; F . d e ep mauve , b e a rd orange

30 in .

Ge n . Gra nt . S . light s ulph ur ; cl oud e d ; F. l ight y ellow, v e i ne d plum

24 . col or . i n

. d . Gold B oun d . S . gol e n yellow s ha d e d s moky ; F re dd i s h madd e r 1 8 in .

Goliath . 5 b ron ze ; F . d e ep purpl e . - rl Gypsy Qu e e n ( La Pre st igi e us e) . S . ol d gol d , s had ed s mok e d pe a ; - 30 . F. bl ack ma roon , r et iculat e d l igh t ye llow . in - 20 . Harri s on Wei r . S . yell ow b ron ze ; F . ve lvety c rim s on . i n '

i . . a c i i n r rri s o n . J q e s a a . S . b right copp e ry c ; F r ich ma roon H a n d s ome

sai n . - 30 . u l h e r . Judith . S . s p ; F . viol et purpl e , r et icul at e d whit e i n y 0 - 30 i n . Lady Jan e . S . coppe ry ro s e ; F . madd e r r ed , re ticul at e d whit e . _

h l . i . Lady S eymour . S . lav en d e r , ﬂ u s e s ulphur ; F n ett e d viol et an d wh t e ’ n r b . La I e d e ( E d in a) . S . cloud e d porc el ai n ; F . lue with light b a s e ; i n .

La Pre s tigi eus e . S e e Gypsy Que e n . - 2 . Lord Grey . Cloud e d ro s e fawn . ft Lat e .

Lord Ros s e . S . l aven d e r , ﬂush e d b ron ze ; F . viol e t wit h ce nt ral whit e

2 . ban d . ft

Lout e . 5 . l ight blue , s had e d h el i otrop e ; F. d e ep reddi s h purpl e wit h

bronze s h e e n .

i . Lu c e a . . . gg S pal e primros e ; F s h a din g t o s ilv e r , with orange b e a rd t .

. . . 3 Lucy S s ulphur, spla s h e d l il ac ; F. l il ac 0 i n .

P . . h e l i r . M ad . B la nche i on S b ron ze yell ow , sh ot t o pe ; F. rich purple - M r . s . . Kei th S whit e , s h ad ed bl ue gr ey ; F. wh it e , fril l e d b lu e . C - - . 2 M on s he re au S rich b ron ze gol d ; F crims on ma roon 0 i n . h - M L a w. . . S fawn , ﬂus h e d r os e l ila c ; F. re ticulat e d purpl e on whit e ZSi n . D - M rs . Arth ur ugdal e . S . ric h old gol d , ﬂus h e d b ron ze ; F . rich cl ar et ,

ve in e d wh it e .

M armora . S smoky l ave nd e r ; F . v iol e t , r ichly v e i n e d . 30 i n . - - M oza rt . S . bron ze fawn ; F . purpl e fawn , n ett e d wh it e . 3 ft .

. . M urat S fawn , sh ot ros e ; F . r ich vel vety purpl e . 2 ft . - - . . M iralb a S b ronz e fawn ; F . purpl e fawn n ett e d whit e . 30 i n . - — Nib el un ge n . S . fawn ye ll ow ; F . viol e t purpl e wit h fawn ma rgi n .

30 . H an ds ome . in ’o C G Nuc e d rage ( St orm loud) . r eyi sh slaty b lu e with b ron z e sha d

in g ; F . purpl is h . - - Pfat n au e . . g S light fawn ye ll ow ; F . ruby purpl e yell ow margin . é , gi n . P La u ie r l i h h - - . . t r o pe r g S g b ron z e r e d ; F . vel vety ruby purpl e , o ra nge si eard

. . Que en Al exa nd ra S fawn , sh ot lil ac ; F . l il a c , r e t iculat e d at b a s e wit h 2 b ron ze . ft .

R . . . ach el S old gold ; F viol et , ret icul at e d gold . 30 i n . M ANUAL ON TH E IRIS 29

. . S appho S y ell ow , ﬂu s h e d l av e n d e r ; F . st raw , h e avily t ipp ed an d - r e t icula t e d viol e t purpl e . - . - S al ar Jun g S . gol d b ron ze ; F . t ipp e d a n d re ticul at e d maroon black on 2 wh it e groun d . ft .

. . . S hak e s p e ar e S b ron zy ye ll ow ; F ma roon , re ticul at e d yell ow .

. . - . 2 S i r Walt e r S cot t S b ron ze yell ow ; F rich c rims on b rown . ft . - . D Tame rl a n e e ep purpl e viol e t fall s ; pal e r st an d ard s . Tal l a nd ea rly . P . . v Th e r e s id en t S l ight c opp e r ﬂak e d b ron zy purpl e ; F . vel ety

ma r oon .

a n G e e r i - V t . . e . h S cl oud d l ave n d e r ; F purpl e bl ack , r et ic ul at e d w it e . 34 i n .

. . . 3 Ve n ust a S s ulph ur , s h ot b ron ze ; F mar oon . 4 in . Wa l n e r ia n a . . S l ave n d e r , ﬂu s h e d b ron ze ; F . pal e vi ol e t . 30 i n .

B E DE D l l S E S— I O AR R VAR US S PE C I ES .

M o s t of t h e I ri s e s l i st ed h e re h av e la rge ﬂowe rs a n d s ome a re

. v e ry t all Th e ﬂ owe r s ar e di st i nct from th e G e rm an ica S ect ion . P Alb ic an s . ur e m il k wh it e t h rough out . Somet ime s call e d Pri nc e s s

of Wal e s . B n n e a c e s is . S . viol et ; F . d e e p r ich purpl e . C a r t h u s ia ii N - . e w , ha n d s om e hyb ri d . S . cl e a r lave n d e r blue ; F . da rke r

bl ue , r et icula t ed b rown at claw . Fl owe rs l arge an d fragrant . 30 i n .

. Cat h e rin a An ot h e r h a n d s om e hybri d . S . cl e a r l ight blue ; F. s oft - . 4 l il ac b lu e , d e l i cious ly fragra nt ft . Ce n ia l i - - t . g S . l aven d e r blu e ; F . s o ft viol et blue . i l C e n a t i . 1 . g Lopp io Cl e a r d e e p blue . 8 in C e n ia l i Z - t . C . 2 g ephyr l e ar l il ac bl ue ft .

Fl ave s c e n s . A d el ic at e s h a d e of soft ye ll ow .

s . . Fl av e c e n s M un it e S chamoi s ye llow ; F . primros e , ret ic ul at e d lave n

d e r .

Fl oren t in a ( S ilve r Ki n g) . Cr eamy wh it e , ﬂus h e d lave nd e r . Ve ry

fr agra n t .

- ~ n E . P . Fl or en t i a ( Qu e e n mma alb a od orat a ) ur e wh it e , ﬂus h e d b lue

K a h mir ia n . s a ( M i s s Wilmott ) Wh it e , l ightly a nd var iably wa s he d u t l ave n d e r . F . st a n d s at r igh t an gl e s , a n d t h e p et al s a re of st o

30 . t extur e . i n

M a d on n a S uppos e d t o b e typ e from wh ich Alb ican s i s whit e sport .

' ’ — ‘ So m e t im e S li s t e d a s u n o n ia b . . M e s op ot am ic a . ( J pro ably t h e t rue I

c ypr ia n a ) . Th i s i s on e of t h e la rge Iri s e s of t h e Syria an d As ia

N o . M i n or group . doubt t h e s tat el i e s t Ir is grown Th e ma s s ive 4 t . . 6 . 5 ﬂ owe r s , % in d e ep a r e b orn e on st e ms an d fe e tall S l ilac ; - P a p al e b lue l ila c ove rl ai d wit h re d d i s h s had e . D K a s hmir ia n a ﬂ o r i Ka s hm ir Wh it e . iffe r s from i n b ein g t alle r , more

an d . fe rous , of pur e r whit e - 2 Sa mb u c in a . S . c opp e ry ro s e ; F . ro sy purpl e . ft . - Sa mbu c in a B e eth ov e n ( syn . M i s s B rough ) . S . ros e l il ac ; F . purpl e b 2 wit h oran ge e ard . ft . 2 f t . Sa mbu c in a La V e s u v e . S . l ave n d e r ﬂus h e d b ron ze ; F . viol e t . n h Sa mb u c in a M eph i s t oph el e s . S . cl oud e d lave d e r ; F . r ic p urpl e , ﬂus h e d bl u e . — i . i r a n a . Troj an a ( S om et im e s l st e d a s I . Cyp somet im e s a s I As iatica) - l l l . . t a S . pa l e bl u e ; F . vi ol e t purp e Ve ry di s tin ct , a n d l at e bloome r

Tr oj a n a s up e rb a . S . s oft blue :F . r ich cl e ar viol e t .

H . Tr oj a n a c e l e s t i al . a n ds om e b lue ﬂowe rs 30 MANUAL ON TH E I RI S

E VANS l A S ECT I ON.

Th e re i s a s mall gr oup of r h iz o ma t u s Iri s e s call e d Cr e st e d Iri s e s . Th ey a re d isti n gui sh e d by a c r e s t on t h e bl ad e of t h e fall s i n pl ac e of P a b e ar d . rob ably wit h th e excepti on of t h e Am e r ic a n s p ecie s , t hey ar e n ot s o wel l ad apt e d t o our cl imat e , exc ept t h e mild e r p orti on s i n P t h e S out h an d t h e a ciﬁ c Coa s t St at e s . - i Cri st ata . Lilac purpl e , ora n ge cre st . A d ain ty c r e e ping Ame r can

S E . pe ci e s of t h e a st e rn St at e s . Sm a—ll flowe r a n d s h ort s t em fi m r ia P fr in z e d J apon ic a ( b t a ) . r etty l av en d e r blu e flowe r s , s t a n d ard s

an d gol d cr e st s . Th e pr e tty l it tl e ﬂ owe r s ar e fr e e ly p roduc e d o n

1 . 8 . . 2 . a n i n st em Le ave s e ve rgre e n , s ome ft in l e ngt h - T ect orum . A b eauti ful Iri s l ila c , ve in e d a nd mottl e d d ark e r sh a d e s , 1 2 wh it e cr e st . i n . N o t h a rdy i n t h e n orth . - P . M il e s i . urpl e lilac , cr e st oran ge . Ve ry t all ﬂowe rin g s t em

Ve rn a . An oth e r Ame r ican sp ec ie s wh ic h we de s crib e h e re for con

v e n ie n c e h i h . , but w c d o e s n ot prope rly c om e un d e r t h i s group - Al s o a n at ive of th e E a s t e rn St at e s t o t h e S outh . B lue lila c in P col or , dwarf , fol i age re s embl e s a umil a . — AP OG O N S ECTl ON B EARD LESS I RIS ES .

Th is i s a v ery in t e re s t in g s ect i on an d c on t ain s s om e v e ry b e aut i fu l i a n t h e sp ec e s d va ri et i e s . Som e a r e a s e a sy of cul tur e a s th os e i n n B eard e d S ecti o , wh il e s om e r e quir e m or e moi st ur e a n d di ffe re n t

t r e atme n t . S ome of th em ar e much more di fficul t t o e s t abl i s h t ha n P t h e ogon iri s , but wh e n on c e wel l e st abl i sh e d wil l with s t a n d a gr e at

d e al of drouth .

Th e gr ouping of t hi s S ect ion i n Th e G e n us Iri s i s foll owe d h e re .

l l C P S B E R A G RO U .

Th e s e h ave n arr ow gra s s l ike fol i age , an d t h e ﬂ ow e r s ar e b orn e in s a t is fa c t O i gr e at p rofu s i on on t all ﬂowe rin g st e ms . Ve ry y a n d s uit o n abl e for al l l ocat i s a s th ey a r e p e rfectly h ardy . 2 Acuta . Blu e , in t e rl ac e d wit h wh it e . ft .

3 . Al b a . Whit e . ft r n iﬂ r \Vh i e —ﬂ e r Al b a G a d o a . t o w s l arge r th an form e r .

D . . 3 t . At ropurpur e a e ep , r ich purpl e Large ﬂowe r s . ft ‘

B a x e r i. . . . 4 t S blue ; F wh it e , ve i n ed blue ft .

Blue Kin g . B e aut i ful bl ue . Ve ry ch oic e . Tall . B ll n P e . u y a a al e bl ue . h h P C r s r a e s . y og p urpl e .

Coe rul e a . B right blu e . ft .

C . . or e a n sp eci e s S in t en s e b lue F . blue , v ein ed whit e .

D n . . . . 3 i sti nct io S blue ; F wh it e , v e in e d an d t ipp ed bl ue % ft .

D . e . 4 elavayi Viol t ft . o D D N . e . i uk e of orf lk Blu i sti nct var ety . D — . S e . 2 Fl or e pl en o e e p bl ue , mi doubl e % ft . F r r i l o e s t . Yel ow . S l e . . . l i G o . “ lfC Wall ace d e ep b ue ; F blue , vein e d an d ye ll o w . 3 ft .

D . Gran di s . e e p blue h l l H a e ma t a . . o . 4 p y S l igh t bl ue ; F wh it e an d bl ue . ft . l Lact ea . A ta l growin g m ilky whit e .

G . w t Lady odiva Blush h i e , ﬂus h e d ros e . L il a c in a . Cl e ar l il ac . l a l M ar it ima . S . l i c b ue ; F . r ich blu e .

‘ 32 MANUAL ON TH E IRI S

LA EVIG ATA G RO U P .

an d Thi s group compri s e s La evigat a a n d Ka empfe ri , t h e hyb rid s

kn ow n a s J apa n e s e Ir is e s . Th e l i st s ar e l on g, an d wh e re Japa n e s e

n am e s ar e giv e n t h ey m e a n l ittl e t o t h e av e rage p e r s on , s o t h at i n

ord eri n g it is b e st p e rhaps t o b e gov e rn e d b y d e s cr ipt i on . We s el e ct

a few n am e s at ran dom from s eve ral l ist s .

. Blu sh in g E mpr e s s . Whit e gr oun d , s uffus e d ros e e dge , d oubl e — Ch erry Bl os s om Fe st ival . S oft pi n k , d oubl e .

P . G ol d e n urpl e . Rich velve ty purpl e , oran ge c e nt e r

Crim son Tuft . Th r e e crims on purpl e fall s , wit h wh it e c e nt e r , r a di

e t a l o i s . at ing n arro w wh it e li n e s ; p d wh it e , t ipp e d purpl e H e l it r o e J ewel s a nd Fl ower s . p , b e aut ifull y ve i n e d an d suffus e d wit h

n . purpl e . S i gl e

v . La en d e r Que en . B e aut iful d e e p l ave n d e r

- - s K u m o m a n o S or a ( Sky Amid st th e Clouds ) . Wh it e wit h t rongly - ma rk e d sky blue zon e i n c en t e r ; S . wh it e , margi n e d sky b lue ;

t h re e immen s e fall s . - M ammot h B lue . Ve ry l arge viol et bl u e .

M aroon Kin g . Ve ry rich velve ty mar oon . - P D u . eac e . La rge r ich r e d purpl e . o bl e

P G e m . u rpl e . Viol e t purpl e , ve in e d wh it e

D . P . Silv er St ar s . ur e wh it e oubl e

P . . Silve r Wat e r s . ur e wh it e Sin gl e k w . To y—o . A s pl en di d pur e h it e N D . . . Ye zo i shi ki . e ep purpl e ma roon S i ngl e Tall

= C PS E U D O AC O RUS AND VE RS I OLO R .

— D E s P s eudo acorn s . i st ribut e d ove r th e wh ol e of urop e an d ext e n d in al s o int o N orth Africa an d As i a M in or . Th e r e a re s eve ral form s l cu t ivat ion . Th e foli age va ri e s a s al s o th e t on e s of color , s om e b e in g of a much de ep er yell ow t h a n oth e rs . Th e r e i s als o s a i d - t o b e a wh it e ﬂowe re d form . By n atur e it i s a wat e r lovin g w Sib e r ic a a n d pl an t , b ut do e s well ith s am e t r e at me nt give n I .

some oth e r s of th i s S ect i on . D E Ver sicolor (Virgi n ica ) . i st rib ut ed wid ely t h rough out t h e a s t e r n H t o an d Ce n tr al St at e s , an d from ud s on B ay t o Texa s . It s e ems E - b e th e Ame rican c ount e rpart of t h e urope a n I . p s eudo acorn s ,

an d gr ows und e r s imil a r t r e atme n t . It vari e s i n col or , s iz e of

ﬂowe r s a n d h e ight , i n d iffer e n t l ocal iti e s . Th e r e a r e d iffe r e n t

sh ad e s of vi ol et an d bl ue an d s om e forms of a rich r e d purpl e . N o in doub t wh it e form s al s o , alt h ough we d o n ot k n ow of a ny l cu t ivat ion .

H E X AGO NA G ROUP .

Th i s group con s i s t s of th r e e Am er ic an sp e c ie s di st r ibut e d t hrough

o u t a fe w of th e S out h e rn St at e s .

H a n a . e x go Var ie s in col or from pal e blue t o da rk l ilac , a n d al s o a

wh it e form . Tal l growin g . n L m n e i C h e x a n a Foli o s a ( H e x a go a a a c ) . los ely re l at e d t o I . go , bu t

of dwarfer h ab it . u Ful va ( c u pre a ) . Ve ry nusual in c ol or i n a n Iri s , b e ing of a n i n t e r a m r m ed ia t e sh a d e b etwe e n sc arl et an d b r own . Culture s a e a s fo

t h e oth e r s of t h i s group . M ANUAL ON TH E IRI S 33

LO NG I P E TALA G O R UP .

Th i s group i s d i s t r i b ut e d t h rough out t h e Pac iﬁ c Coa st Stat e s a n d two of t h e s p ec i e s ext en d i nt o M ont a na Id ah o N evad a Ut ah Ar i , , , , C zon a olor a d o , Ne w M exic o , D a kot a a n d VV omin cr “ y 0 . L o n i e t a l g p a . , . 2 Wh it e v e in e d l il ac ft . i i To l mie a n n M s s our e n s i s ( a ) . L o n i e t a l a Re s embl e s g p , b ut mor e s l e n d e r i n form a n d t h e l e ave s d i e d own e nt ir ely , wh e r ea s th o s e of t h e

form e r mak e s ome growt h i n t h e l at e summe r .

. s M on t a n a Th e s e vary i n l il a c an d viol e t ma rkin g an d sha d e s , an d

al s o th e r e i s a whit e form . E . As ia t ia c I n s at a , a n sp ec i e s s t an d s al on e , but r e s embl e s th e ab ove C group i n s ome r e sp ect s . ol or va ri e s from pur e wh it e t o dar k - blue or r e d purpl e .

I PE O S TR TAL U G ROU P .

H ) . D N S et os a ( ook e ri i st ribut e d th rough out ort h ern As i a , Japan , an d E ext e n d s i nt o Al a s k a , al s o foun d on a st Coast in Labr ad or a n d

M a i n e . It va ri e s i n h e ight an d col or , a n d r e quir e s c on s ide rab l e

moi st ur e wh en growin g . a D Tripet l a ( Trid e n t at a ) . i st ribut e d th rough out t h e Sout he a st e rn

St at e s . Th i s i s of b lui s h purpl e i n c ol or an d r e q ui re s s ame tre at

m e n t a s S e t o s a .

FO E I D S S M T I I A .

E Th e s e a re n at ive s of urope , h ave han d s om e eve rgr e e n fol iage , e a n d a r e m or e prize d for th e sc a rl t s e e d s th an for th e ﬂowers , alt h ough t h ey a r e n ot t o b e d e spi s e d .

Th e r e ar e t h r e e form s , on e , t h e type , of a dull blu e slat e c olor ; on e wit h var i egat e d foli age , a nd a ye ll ow form . or t wo pos s ibly .

N C L AN G E C O N O C OC Y US D RE ELIA S TI .

s C N Th e e a re all r igh t for al ifor n ia but worth l e s s in t h e ort h .

Th e s e sp ec i e s ar e fr om As i a M i n or , a n d ar e v ery we i rd an d fa s c in a t in d ific u l t g an d s om e v ery b e aut iful , b ut are s omewh at of cul l t iv a t io n O n c o c c u s . , p art icul arly th e y Th e re i s a group of hybr id s , Re e l io c cl u s O n co c cl a n d c al l e d g y , b e i ng hyb rid s b et we e n th e y u s

Regel i a , wh ich a r e c ompa rat ively e a sy of cult iva ti on , an d ar e ve ry b e aut iful a n d in t e re st ing . Li ke b ul b ous iri s e s , th ey re qui re a r e s t dur i ng t h e s umme r a n d must b e al l owe d t o d r y off . We me nt i on on ly a fe w of t h i s s ect ion .

At r fu s c a o n c o c c l u s . . o ( y ) Rich d e e p b rown , fall s n e a rly bl ack - l . Atr opurpure a ( o n c ocy c u s ) . Bl ack purpl e n c l S us ia n a ( o c o y c u s ) . Wh it e groun d th ickly dot t e d a n d vein e d - b rown b l ack .

K or o l k o w i ( Re ge l ia ) . Wh it e , vei n e d b rown . l St ol on i fe r a ( Rege—li a) . B rown , blu e an d yell ow b e aut iful y c ombi n e d . r l i . E uch a r is ( e ge o cyclus ) Silve r gr ey , b rown ve i n ed , l a rge ce n tral

b rown bl otc h . - H e r a ( r e ge l io cycl us ) . Ve ry robus t growin g v ari ety ; st an dard s a n d — b fall s ric h ruby re d with ron ze an d blu e hue s . - D - r l i . M a r s ( e ge o cycl us ) ark vi ol e t blu e ve in ed on a pal e bl ue groun d ,

bl a ck ce n t ral bl otch . 34 M ANUAL ON TH E IRI S

- - . Th eti s ( r e ge l io cyclus) . B rown a nd old gol d on yell ow groun d - - i Uran i a ( r e ge l io cyclus) . Vigorous pl a n t . S oft l l ac bl ue , d ark blue

. vi ol et , ve in e d an d blot ch e d

B ULB OUS S ECTIO N.

J UNO G ROU P. Th e s e con s is t of b ulb ous Iri s e s with ﬂ e s hy root s i n s t e a d of ﬁ b e r

. ous . M ost of t h em ar e n at ive s of As i a M in or S om e of t h e l at e r

b looming on e s ar e h ardy , b ut oth e rs woul d h ave t o b e prot ect e d wit h

a fram e or gr own un de r gla s s . B u ch ar ica Th e most common in cult ivat ion a r e pe rh ap s I al at a , I . ,

. P . r h id e s . I . o c o a n d I er sica Th ey ar e a ve ry i nt er e st ing group

X I PH I UM G R OUP.

75 , Th is group compri s e s t h e Span i s h Ir i s i n s ome or mor e var i i D h e t e s , al s o Jun ce a , Filifol ia , Tingit an a , a n d t h e hybr id s kn own a s ut c

. Ir is e s . Th e l att e r b loom e arli er t han t h e Spa n is h I ri s e s We n am e a

few of th e b e st kn own of t h e Span is h Iri s e s . b Al exan d e r von H umb oldt . Fi n e lue .

Caj an us . Large cl e ar ye llow .

h r l r a . C y s o o . Large b right yel low

King of th e B lue s . Fi n e b lue .

P . King of t h e Wh it e s . ur e wh it e

Louis e . Wh it e a n d l ight b lu e . ’ n i D k . L U q u e . a r b lu e , fall s pal e blue

Souve n ir . S oft pal e bl ue . - Thun d erb olt . B ron ze b rown .

P . W . T . Wa r e . al e primr os e yellow

RETIC ULATA G ROUP.

In th i s s e ct ion or group we h av e t h e small n ett e d bulb s of such

i . . D a n f r d a e . k r ia n a . o a s I . B a e , I , I ret icul at a a n d I h i st rio

D X IPH I OI ES G RO UP .

Th e s e bl oom s ev eral we ek s l at e r t h an t h e S pa n is h Ir is e s a n d n o d oub t ' ar e b et t e r adapt e d t o cultur e in t h e op e n i n t h e -M i d dl e a n d E h a st e rn S t at e s t ha n th e f or me r . Un l ik e t h e ot e r b ulb ous Ir i s e s t h ey i l do n ot r e qu r e a r e st ; th at i s , d o n ot n e e d t o dry out , a n d wil s t an d i c on s de rab l e mois tur e . Th ey a r e v e ry han d s om e an d worthy of cul

t iv at i o n . 1 m Th e re ar e s om e 00 vari et i e s or or e i n cultivation . We n ame b ut

a f e w .

Ant on M auve . B eaut iful l ave n d er , with ros e ﬂa ke s .

Fa iry Que e n . S oft blu e a n d wh it e . P Joh a nn a . ur e wh it e , pal e b lue ﬂake d . u Kin g of t h e B lue s . Fi n e d ark b l e .

M ontb l an c . Fi n e wh it e .

P . Psych e . al e b lu e

Th e Gi ant . Rich d e ep bl ue , extra la rge .

P . Z ephyr . al e bl ue - D . Zulu . e ep purpl e re d