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Home , Erigenia, Iris (plant), Iris versicolor, Maianthemum canadense, Maianthemum trifolium, Trillium grandiflorum

Broom-rapes: Orobanchaceae __Star-flowered Solomon’s Seal stellatum R Notes __Squaw-root Conopholis americana C; parasitic __Three-leaved Solomon’s Seal h A Checklist of the on oak; blooms in late spring __Canada Mayflower O __Beechdrops Epifagus virginiana C; parasitic on American __Hairy Solomon’s Seal Polygonatum pubescens C ; blooms in late summer Irises: Family Spring Woodland Madders: Family Rubiaceae __Northern Blue Flag versicolor R __Bluets Houstonia caerulea C; clearings __Southern Blue Flag or Prairie Iris var. shrevei h __Partridge Mitchella repens C __* Yellow Iris C; wetlands; native Asters: Family Asteraceae to Eurasia; invasive Wildflowers __*Common Dandelion Taraxacum officinale C; __Slender Blue-eyed Grass angustifolium C; of Cleveland Metroparks native of Eurasia; clearings, disturbed areas __Pale Blue-eyed Grass Sisyrinchium albidum R; __Round-leaved Ragwort or Running Groundsel Packera obovatus R Orchids: Family Orchidaceae __Golden Ragwort or Heart-leaved Groundsel __Cancer root Orobanche uniflora h Packera aurea C __Early or Northern Coral-root Corallorhiza trifida h __*Coltsfoot Tussilago farfara C; native to Eurasia; __Spring Coral-root Corallorhiza wisteriana h disturbed areas __Yellow Lady’s Slipper Cypripedium parriflorum R __Field Pussytoes Antennaria neglecta C; clearings __Philadelphia Fleabane Erigeron philadelphicus C; Notes disturbed areas __*Butterbur Petasites hybridus O; native to __Cynthia Krigia biflora O; clearings

CLASS LILIOPSIDA: Note: This list does not include the rushes, sedges, and grasses, which also belong to this class. As the snow and ice of winter melt away, we look to our Arums: Family Araceae woodland wildflowers as a sure sign of spring. The parade __Skunk Cabbage Symplocarpus foetidus C; wet areas of wildflowers begins in March with the blooms of Skunk __Jack-in-the-Pulpit Arisaema triphyllum C; includes Cabbage and ends in May when the trees out and Arisaema atrorubens shade the forest floor. Some of the best displays of color __ Green Dragon Arisaema dracontium O occur in late April and early May. Many of Spiderworts: Family Commelinaceae wildflowers are declining in Cleveland Metroparks due to __Ohio Spiderwort Tradescantia ohiensis R browsing by White-tailed Deer. Lilies: Family __Wild Hyacinth Camassia scilloides C __*Glory-of-the-Snow Chionodoxa forbesii R; native to Eurasia __*Star-of-Bethlehem Ornithogalum umbellatum C; native to Europe __Wild Leek or Ramp Allium tricoccum C; blooms in summer __Trout Lily or Dog-toothed americanum C __White Trout Lily Erythronium albidum O __Large-flowered C __Wake-robin or Red Trillium Trillium erectum O __Toadshade or Sessile Trillium Trillium sessile C __Drooping Trillium Trillium flexipes C; both white and red forms occur Date/time: __Indian Cucumber-root Medeola virginiana R __Sessile-leaved Bellwort sessilifolia C Location: __Large-flowered Bellwort C __Bellwort O __Fairy Bells or Yellow Mandarin Prosartes lanuginosum O Weather: __False Solomon’s Seal Maianthemum racemosum C

Updated 2015 / 35038 How To Use This Checklist CLASS MAGNOLIOPSIDA: DICOTYLEDONS __Sweet White Violet blanda C; includes V. incognita Geraniums: Family Geraniacea Birthworts: Family Aristolochiaceae __Northern White Violet Viola macloskeyi O; includes V. pallens __Wild Geranium Geranium maculatum C __Wild Ginger Asarum canadense C __Halberd-leaved Violet Viola hastata O __*Herb-Robert Geranium robertianum O; native The information in this checklist reflects our current Buttercups: Family Ranunculaceae __Downy Yellow Violet Viola pubescens O to Eurasia understanding of the status of spring woodland wildflowers __Marsh Marigold Caltha palustris O; wet areas __Smooth Yellow Violet Viola pensylvanica C __Carolina Cranesbill Geranium carolinianum h within Cleveland Metroparks. You can add to our __White Baneberry Actea pachypoda C Note: Some authorities consider Viola pensylvanica Meadow-foams: Family Limnanthaceae understanding by being a knowledgeable observer. Record __Wood Anemone Anemone quinquefolia O a of V. pubescens. __ False Mermaid Floerkea prosperpinacoides C your observations and contact a naturalist if you find __Round-lobed Hepatica Hepatica americana R __Canada Violet Viola canadensis O Ginsengs: Araliaceae something of interest. __Sharp-lobed Hepatica Hepatica acutiloba O __Pale or Creamy Violet Viola striata C __Wild Sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis O __Hooked Crowfoot Ranunculus recurvatus O __American Dog Violet Viola conspersa R __American Ginseng Panax quinquefolius R Species are listed taxonomically. Each species is listed with a __Hispid Buttercup Ranunculus hispidus C; __Long-spurred Violet Viola rostrata O __Dwarf Ginseng Panax trifolius R common name, a scientific name and a note about its includes Swamp Buttercup R. septentrionalis __Three-lobed Violet Viola triloba R : Family occurrence within Cleveland Metroparks (scientific names __Early Buttercup Ranunculus fascicularis O; dry __ Field Pansy Viola arvensis R __*Goutweed O; native toEurasia follow USDA Database). Check off species that you woods; may be declining Mustards: Family Brassicaceae __Yellow Pimpernel Taenidia integerrima R identify within Cleveland Metroparks. This list includes those __Small-flowered or Kidney-leaved Crowfoot __*Whitlow-grass Erophila verna O; native to __Golden Alexanders Zizia aurea O species of woodland wildflowers that are typically Ranunculus abortivus C Eurasia; clearings, disturbed areas __Clustered Snakeroot Sanicula odorata C blooming between March and May. __*Tall Buttercup Ranunculus acris C; native to __Broad-leaved Toothwort Cardamine diphylla C; __Harbinger of Spring Erigenia bulbosa O Europe; disturbed areas __Cut-leaved or Five-parted Toothwort Cardamine __Honewort canadensis C Cleveland Metroparks __*Creeping Buttercup Ranunculus repens O; concatenata C Gentians: Family Gentianceae Outdoor Experiences Division native to Europe; disturbed areas __Spring Cress Cardamine bulbosa O; formerly called __Pennywort Obelaria virginica h __*Lesser Celandine Ranunculus ficaria C; native Cardamine bulbosa Dogbanes: Family Apocynaceae Administration ...... (216)881-8141 to Eurasia; wet areas; highly invasive __Purple or Pink Spring-cress Cardamine douglassii C __*Periwinkle Vinca minor C; native to Europe; Brecksville Nature Center...... (440)526-1012 __Wild Canada Columbine Aquilegia canadensis R __Pennsylvania Bitter-cress Cardamine pensylvanica C highly invasive CanalWay Center...... (216)206-1000 __ False Rue Anemone Enemion biternatum O; generally __Cuckoo- Cardamine pratensis O Phloxes: Polemoniaceae Garfield Park Center...... (216)341-3152 west of Cuyahoga River __Sicklepod Arabis canadensis R __Wild Blue or Forest Phlox Phlox divaricata C __Rue Anemone Thalictrum thalictroides O North Chagrin Nature Center and __*Dame’s Rocket Hesperis matronalis C; native to __Downy or Prairie Phlox Phlox pilosa R __Early Meadow-rue Thalictrum dioicum C Eurasia; invasive __Moss Phlox or Moss Pink Phlox subulata R Look About Lodge ...... (440)473-3370 __Golden Seal Hydrastis canadensis R __*Garlic Mustard Alliaria petiolaria C; native to __Greek Valerian or Jacob’s Ladder Polemonium reptans O Rocky River Nature Center...... (440)734-6660 Barberries: Family Berberidaceae Eurasia; formerly called Alliaria officionalis; highly invasive Waterleaves: Family Hydrophyllaceae Watershed Stewardship Center...... (440)887-1968 __May-apple Podophyllum peltatum C __* Yellow Rocket Barbarea vulgaris C; native to Eurasia __Virginia Waterleaf Hydrophyllum virginianum O __ Twin-leaf Jeffersonia diphylla O Heaths: Family Ericaceae __Maple-leaved Waterleaf Hydrophyllum canadense O __ Blue Cohosh Caulophyllum thalictroides C __Trailing Arbutus R __Appendaged Waterleaf Hydrophyllum appendiculatum O Poppies: Family Papaveraceae RELATIVE ABUNDANCE Stonecrops: Family Crassulaceae Borages: Family Boraginaceae __Bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis C __Wild Stonecrop Sedum ternatum O __Eastern Bluebell Mertensia virginica C Fumitories: Family Fumariaceae Saxifrages: Family Saxifragaceae __*True Forget-me-not Mysotis palustris C;native to Europe C = Common. Widespread and often numerous in __Dutchman’s Breeches Dicentra cucullaria C __Foam-flower Tiarella cordifolia C proper habitat and season. __Smaller Forget-me-not Myosotis laxa h __Squirrel-corn Dicentra canadensis C __Two-leaved Mitrewort Mitella diphylla O __Wild Comfrey Cynoglossum virginianum h Purslanes: Family Portulacaceae : Family Rosaceae __*Hound’s Tongue Cynoglossum officinale R; O = Occasional. Found at scattered locations, or __Spring Beauty C __Barren Strawberry Waldensteinia fragarioides R native to Eurasia; found in disturbed areas widespread but in moderate numbers. Pinks: Family Caryophyllaceae __Wood Strawberry Fragaria vesca O Mints: Family Lamiaceae __*Common Chickweed Stellaria media C; native __Wild Strawberry Fragaria virginiana C __*Gill-over-the-ground Glechoma hederacea C; R = Rare. Represented by a few individuals or has to Eurasia __Common Cinquefoil Potentilla simplex C native to Eurasia; disturbed areas a very restricted range within Cleveland Metroparks. __Star Chickweed Stellaria pubera O Peas: Family Fabaceae __Self-heal Prunella vulgaris C __Long-leaved Starwort Stellaria longifolia O __*Birdfoot Trefoil Lotus corniculatus C; native to __Heal-all Prunella vulgaris lanceolata; R; native to Eurasia h = Hypothetical. Occurrence within Cleveland __Deptford Pink Dianthus armeria R; clearings, Europe; distrubed areas __*Purple Dead-Nettle Lamium purpureum C; native to Eurasia Metroparks possible but not confirmed. disturbed areas Sandalwoods: Family Santalaceae __*Bugle Weed Ajuga genevensis C; native to Eurasia Violets: Family __Bastard Toad-flax Comandra umbellata R; found Figworts: Family Scrophulariaceae X = Extirpated. Once occurred, but is no longer __Round-leaved Violet R in dry, sandy or disturbed areas __Hairy Beard-tongue Penstemon hirsutus R; clearings found in Cleveland Metroparks. __ Arrow-leaved Violet Viola sagittata R Polygalas: Family Polygalaceae __Foxglove Beard-tongue Penstemon digitalis O; clearings __Northern Downy Violet Viola fimbriatula R __Seneca Snakeroot Polygala senega h __*Eastern Blue-eyed Mary Collinsia verna O * = Alien or Exotic. Place of origin given. __Blue Marsh Violet O Wood Sorrels: Family Oxilidaceae __*Common Speedwell Veronica officinalis C; native to Europe __Common Blue Violet C __*Yellow Wood Sorrel Oxalis europaea C; native to Europe __*Persian Speedwell Veronica persica C; native to NOTICE: Picking or removing wildflowers from includes V. affinis, V. latiuscula, V. sororia, V. septentrionalis __*Thyme-leaved Speedwell Veronica serpyllifolia C; native Cleveland Metroparks is prohibited, except with a special __Early Blue or Wood Violet Viola palmata O to Europe permit for educational or scientific purposes. __Wood Betony or Forest Lousewort Pedicularis canadensis R