DOCSLIB.ORG

Native Plants for Conservation, Restoration & Landscaping

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Native Plants for Conservation, Restoration & Landscaping ABOUT THE NATIVE PLANTS FOR CONSERVATION, WHAT ARE NATIVES? For more information, refer to field guides and publications RESTORATION AND LANDSCAPING PROJECT Native species evolved within specific regions and dispersed on local natural history for color, shape, height, bloom times This project is a collaboration between the Virginia Depart- throughout their range without known human involvement. and specific wildlife value of the plants that grow in your ment of Conservation and Recreation and the Virginia Native They form the primary component of the living landscape region. Visit a nearby park, natural area preserve, forest or Plant Society. VNPS chapters across the state helped to fund and provide food and shelter for wildlife management area to learn about common plant the 2011 update to this brochure. native animal species. Native associations, spatial groupings and habitat conditions. For The following partners have provided valuable assistance plants co-evolved with specific recommendations and advice about project design, throughout the life of this project: native animals over many consult a landscape or garden design specialist with thousands to millions of experience in native plants. The฀Nature฀Conservancy฀–฀Virginia฀Chapter฀•฀Virginia฀ years and have formed Tech฀Department฀of฀Horticulture฀•฀Virginia฀Department฀of฀ complex and interdependent WHAT ARE NON-NATIVE PLANTS? Agriculture฀and฀Consumer฀Services฀•฀Virginia฀Department฀ relationships. Our native Sometimes referred to as “exotic,” “alien,” or “non- of Environmental Quality, Coastal Zone Management fauna depend on native indigenous,” non-native plants are species introduced, Program฀•฀Virginia฀Department฀of฀Forestry฀•฀Virginia฀ flora to provide food and Department฀of฀Game฀and฀Inland฀Fisheries฀•฀Virginia฀ Native intentionally or accidentally, into a new region by cover. Many animals require specific Department of Transportation humans. Over time, many plants and animals have plants for their survival. expanded their ranges slowly and without human assistance. As people began cultivating plants, they BENEFITS OF NATIVE PLANTS brought beneficial and favored species along when they Using native species in landscaping moved into new regions or traded with people in distant Plantsfor Conservation, reduces the expense of maintaining lands. Humans thus became a new pathway, enabling cultivated landscapes and minimizes many species to move into new locations. Restoration & Landscaping the likelihood of introducing new invasive species. It may provide a few WHAT ARE INVASIVE PLANTS? unexpected benefits as well. Invasive plants are introduced species that cause health, Native plants often require less water, economic or ecological damage in their new range. More fertilizer and pesticide, thus adding than 30,000 species of plants have been introduced to the fewer chemicals to the landscape United States since the time of Columbus. Most were and maintaining water quality in introduced intentionally, and many provide great benefits nearby rivers and streams. Fewer to society as agricultural crops and landscape ornamentals. inputs mean time and money Some were introduced accidentally, for example, in ship saved for the gardener. ballast, in packing material and as seed contaminants. Of these introduced species, fewer than 3,000 have FOR MORE INFORMATION Native plants increase the naturalized and become established in the United States Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation presence of desirable wildlife, outside cultivation. Of the 3,500 plant species in Virginia, Natural Heritage Program such as birds and butterflies, and provide sanctuaries for more than 800 have been introduced since the founding 804-786-7951 these animals as they journey between summer and winter of Jamestown. The Virginia Department of Conservation www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage/nativeplants.shtml habitats. The natural habitat you create with native plants and Recreation currently lists more than 100 of these can become an outdoor classroom for children, or a place species as invasive. FOR A LIST OF NURSERIES THAT PROPAGATE for you to find peace and quiet after a busy day. NATIVE SPECIES, CONTACT: In the United States, invasive species cause an estimated Native plants evoke a strong sense of place and regional Virginia Native Plant Society $120 billion in annual economic losses, including costs to character. For example, live oak and magnolia trees are 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Unit 2 manage their effects. Annual costs and damages arising strongly associated with the Deep South. Redwood trees Boyce, VA 22620 from invasive plants alone are estimated at $34 billion. 540-837-1600 | [email protected] characterize the Pacific Northwest. Saguaro cacti call to www.vnps.org mind the deserts of the Southwest. NATIVE PLANTS VS. INVASIVE PLANTS Invasive plants have competitive advantages that allow BUYING AND GROWING NATIVE PLANTS FOR A LIST OF NURSERIES IN A PARTICULAR them to disrupt native plant communities and the wildlife More gardeners today are discovering the benefits of native REGION OF VIRGINIA, CONTACT: dependent on them. For example, kudzu (Pueraria plants and requesting them at their local garden centers. Because The Virginia Nursery and Landscape Association montana) grows very rapidly and overtops forest canopy, of this increased demand, retailers are offering an ever-widening 383 Coal Hollow Road thus shading other plant species from the sunlight selection of vigorous, nursery-propagated natives. Christiansburg, VA 24073 necessary for their survival. A tall invasive wetland grass, 540-382-0943 | [email protected] Once you’ve found a good vendor for native plants, the next common reed (Phragmites australis ssp. australis), invades To search for species in VNLA member catalogs, visit: step is choosing appropriate plants for a project. One of the and dominates marshes, reducing native plant diversity www.vnla.org/search.asp greatest benefits of designing with native plants is their and sometimes eliminating virtually all other species. adaptation to local conditions. However, it is important to select Invasive species can marginalize or even cause the loss of ILLUSTRATIONS COURTESY OF plants with growth requirements that best match conditions in native species. With their natural host plants gone, many THE FLORA OF VIRGINIA PROJECT. the area to be planted. insects disappear. And since insects are an essential part Illustrators: Lara Gastinger, Roy Fuller of the diet of many birds, the effects on the food web and Michael Terry. To learn more, visit: If you’re planning a project using native plant species, use the www.floraofvirginia.org list in this brochure to learn which plants grow in your region become far reaching. Habitats with a high occurrence of Virginia Mountain Region of Virginia. Next, study the minimum light and moisture invasive plants become a kind of “green desert.” requirements for each species, noting that some plants grow Although green and healthy in appearance, far fewer well under a variety of conditions. Many of the recommended native species of plants and animals are found in such species are well-suited to more than one of these categories. radically altered places. 9/2011 Scientific Name Common Name Uses Light Moisture Scientific Name Common Name Uses Light Moisture W HCDSPFLMH W HCDSPFLMH Herbs Schizachyrium scoparium little bluestem •••••••• Virginia Scirpus cyperinus woolgrass bulrush ••••••• Achillea millefolium common yarrow •••• Sorghastrum nutans Indian grass •••••••• Ageratina altissima white snakeroot •••• Tridens flavus redtop •••••••• Mountain Anemone quinquefolia wood anemone ••••• Tripsacum dactyloides gama grass •••••••• Anemonella thalictroides rue anemone ••• Typha latifolia broad-leaved cattail ••••• Antennaria neglecta field pussytoes •••••• Region Aquilegia canadensis wild columbine •••••• Vines Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpit ••• Bignonia capreolata crossvine •••••• Aruncus dioicus goatsbeard •••• Celastrus scandens climbing bittersweet •••••• Asarum canadense+ wild ginger •••• Clematis virginiana virgin’s bower •••• Asclepias incarnata swamp milkweed ••••• • Lonicera sempervirens trumpet honeysuckle •••• The Mountain region Asclepias syriaca+ common milkweed ••••• Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper •••••• Asclepias tuberosa butterfly weed ••••• is comprised of three Baptisia australis* blue wild indigo ••••• Shrubs & Small Trees physiographic provinces: Baptisia tinctoria yellow wild-indigo ••••• Acer pensylvanicum striped maple ••••• Bidens cernua+ nodding beggar-ticks •••••••• Alnus serrulata hazel alder ••••••• Blue Ridge, Ridge and Caltha palustris marsh marigold •••• • Aronia arbutifolia red chokeberry •••••• Chamaecrista fasciculata+ partridge pea •••• Aronia melanocarpa black chokeberry ••••••• Valley, and Appalachian Chelone glabra white turtlehead •••• • Castanea pumila Allegheny chinkapin ••••••• Chrysogonum virginianum green and gold •••• Ceanothus americanus New Jersey tea •••••• Plateau. The Blue Chrysopsis mariana Maryland golden aster •••••• Cephalanthus occidentalis buttonbush ••••• Cimicifuga racemosa black cohosh •••• Comptonia peregrina sweet fern •••• Ridge Mountains are a Clitoria mariana Maryland butterfly pea ••••• Cornus amomum silky dogwood •••••• wedge of ancient rocks Conoclinium coelestinum blue mistflower •••••• Crataegus crus-galli cockspur hawthorn ••••••• Convallaria majuscula American lily-of-the-valley •••• Eubotrys racemosa fetterbush ••••• that were uplifted over Coreopsis lanceolata longstalk coreopsis
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phenological Responses to Climate in the Alberta Native Flora: Herbarium Specimens Reveal Differential Responsiveness Between Species in Mesic and Xeric Habitats
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2019-03-01 Phenological responses to climate in the Alberta native flora: Herbarium specimens reveal differential responsiveness between species in mesic and xeric habitats Porto, Cassiano Porto, C. (2019). Phenological responses to climate in the Alberta native flora: Herbarium specimens reveal differential responsiveness between species in mesic and xeric habitats (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/109929 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Phenological responses to climate in the Alberta native flora: Herbarium specimens reveal differential responsiveness between species in mesic and xeric habitats by Cassiano Porto A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE GRADUATE PROGRAM IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES CALGARY, ALBERTA MARCH, 2019 © Cassiano Porto 2019 UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Phenological responses to climate in the Alberta native flora: Herbarium specimens reveal differential responsiveness between species in mesic and xeric habitats by Cassiano Porto A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE GRADUATE PROGRAM IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Research Supervisor: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Texas Trillium Arlington, Texas Ecological Services Field Office
    U.S. FishU.S &. FishWildlife & Wildlife Service Service Texas Trillium Arlington, Texas Ecological Services Field Office Texas Trillium Trillium texanum Description Texas trillium belongs to the Liliaceae (lily) family and are rhizomatous herbs with unbranched stems. Trillium plants produce no true leaves or stems aboveground. Texas trillium has solitary white to pale pink flowers on a short stalk, situated above three bracteal leaves. It is the only trillium species in Texas with numerous stomata (specialized cells which open and close to regulate gas and water movement into/out of the plant) on Trillium pusillum var. texanum - (Photo Credit- Jason Singhurst) upper and lower surfaces of its bracts. Longevity is unknown, but one study fern (Woodwardia areolata), and showed that white trillium (Trillium green rein orchid (Platanthera grandiflorum) lives at least 30 years clavellata). based on estimates calculated from the number of constrictions on rhizomes. Conservation Although not listed as endangered or Habitat threatened by the State of Texas, Texas trillium habitat is characterized Texas trillium is ranked as a G2 by a shaded, forest understory. It (imperiled) by NatureServe and is flowers before full leaf-out of over ranked as a Sensitive Species by the story species and before being United States Forest Service. The Distribution overtopped by other herbaceous species is also listed on Texas Parks Texas trillium occurs across thirteen species. Texas trillium is found in the and Wildlife Department’s 2010 List counties in East Texas and into ecotone between riparian baygall and of the Rare Plants of Texas and as a northwestern Louisiana (Caddo sandy pine or oak uplands in the Species of Greatest Conservation Parish).
    [Show full text]
  • Central Appalachian Broadleaf Forest Coniferous Forest Meadow Province
    Selecting Plants for Pollinators A Regional Guide for Farmers, Land Managers, and Gardeners In the Central Appalachian Broadleaf Forest Coniferous Forest Meadow Province Including the states of: Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia And parts of: Georgia, Kentucky, and North Carolina, NAPPC South Carolina, Tennessee Table of CONTENTS Why Support Pollinators? 4 Getting Started 5 Central Appalachian Broadleaf Forest 6 Meet the Pollinators 8 Plant Traits 10 Developing Plantings 12 Far ms 13 Public Lands 14 Home Landscapes 15 Bloom Periods 16 Plants That Attract Pollinators 18 Habitat Hints 20 This is one of several guides for Check list 22 different regions in the United States. We welcome your feedback to assist us in making the future Resources and Feedback 23 guides useful. Please contact us at [email protected] Cover: silver spotted skipper courtesy www.dangphoto.net 2 Selecting Plants for Pollinators Selecting Plants for Pollinators A Regional Guide for Farmers, Land Managers, and Gardeners In the Ecological Region of the Central Appalachian Broadleaf Forest Coniferous Forest Meadow Province Including the states of: Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia And parts of: Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee a nappc and Pollinator Partnership™ Publication This guide was funded by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the C.S. Fund, the Plant Conservation Alliance, the U.S. Forest Service, and the Bureau of Land Management with oversight by the Pollinator Partnership™ (www.pollinator.org), in support of the North American Pollinator Protection Campaign (NAPPC–www.nappc.org). Central Appalachian Broadleaf Forest – Coniferous Forest – Meadow Province 3 Why support pollinators? In theIr 1996 book, the Forgotten PollInators, Buchmann and Nabhan estimated that animal pollinators are needed for the reproduction “ Farming feeds of 90% of flowering plants and one third of human food crops.
    [Show full text]
  • Georgia Civic Health Index About the Partners
    GEORGIA CIVIC HEALTH INDEX ABOUT THE PARTNERS NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CITIZENSHIP GEORGIA FAMILY CONNECTION PARTNERSHIP At the National Conference on Citizenship (NCoC), we believe *HRUJLD)DPLO\&RQQHFWLRQ3DUWQHUVKLS *D)&3 ZRUNVWRDFKLHYH everyone has the power to make a difference in how their community D*HRUJLDZKHUHDOOFKLOGUHQDUHKHDOWK\UHDG\WRVWDUWVFKRRODQG and country thrive. GRZHOOZKHQWKH\JHWWKHUHDQGZKHUHHYHU\IDPLO\LVVWDEOHDQG VHOIVXIÀFLHQW $V D QRQSURÀW SXEOLFSULYDWH LQWHUPHGLDU\ *D)&3 :HDUHDG\QDPLFQRQSDUWLVDQQRQSURÀWZRUNLQJDWWKHIRUHIURQW H[LVWV WR XQLI\ SXEOLF DQG SULYDWH RUJDQL]DWLRQV· FRPPLWPHQW WR of our nation’s civic life. We continuously explore what shapes *HRUJLD·VFKLOGUHQDQGIDPLOLHVPDNHVXUHWKHLUHIIRUWVWRLPSURYH WRGD\·VFLWL]HQU\GHÀQHWKHHYROYLQJUROHRIWKHLQGLYLGXDOLQRXU WKHOLYHVRIFKLOGUHQDQGIDPLOLHVZRUNDQGSURWHFWHYHU\GLPHRI GHPRFUDF\ DQG XQFRYHU ZD\V WR PRWLYDWH JUHDWHU SDUWLFLSDWLRQ WKHLULQYHVWPHQWLQ*HRUJLD·VIXWXUH 7KURXJK RXU HYHQWV UHVHDUFK DQG UHSRUWV 1&R& H[SDQGV RXU QDWLRQ·V FRQWHPSRUDU\ XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI ZKDW LW PHDQV WR EH D *D)&3ZDQWVWRKHOSEXLOGFRPPXQLWLHVZKHUHFKLOGUHQDQGIDPLOLHV FLWL]HQ:HVHHNQHZLGHDVDQGDSSURDFKHVIRUFUHDWLQJJUHDWHU can thrive, and hopes to use the Civic Health Index to spark and FLYLFKHDOWKDQGYLWDOLW\WKURXJKRXWWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV VXVWDLQDFRQYHUVDWLRQDERXW*HRUJLD·VFLYLFHQJDJHPHQW CARL VINSON INSTITUTE OF GOVERNMENT AT THE GEORGIAFORWARD UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA *HRUJLD)RUZDUGLVDQLQGHSHQGHQWQRQSDUWLVDQ F QRQSURÀW For more than 80 years, the Carl Vinson Institute of Government RUJDQL]DWLRQZRUNLQJWRLPSURYHWKHVWDWHRI*HRUJLDE\HQJDJLQJ
    [Show full text]
  • Bi@Leaf in the Cumberlands by James W
    Bi@leaf in the Cumberlands by James W. Kelly Without a doubt, the bigleaf and dusk was rapidly approaching, and magnolia, Magnolia macrophylla, is we did not remain long. I collected one of the most spectacular of the trees fruiting herbarium specimens from of the temperate world. It has the both species of the felled magnolias. largest undivided leaves of any Even at that time, the fruits were quite temperate woody plant. Its gorgeous large. On M. macrophylla, they would white flowers are often ten inches ultimately grow to the size of baseballs. across, with magenta crescents at the Two days later I returned to the bases of the three inner tepals. The same area shortly after ten o' clock in splendid leaves, particularly on open the morning before the weather grown trees, are often slightly became uncomfonably hot. This time I decurved, exposing their glaucous parked farther up the ridge near the reverses. side of a small ravine. I could not have picked a more beautiful day. The forest I have seen the bigleaf magnolia was still damp from an early morning cultivated in several locations, mostly shower. As in thc case of Magnolia arboretums, but I have always wanted fraseri in the Smoky Mountains, the to see it in its habitat. Like the saguaro opening made by the road benefited cactus in Arizona, such a distinct the bigleal' and umbrella magnolias. species would dominate the landscape. More light reached the forest floor to Since I would be near its habitat, I about one hundred feet from the edge wanted to make every effort to see a where the population was the densest.
    [Show full text]
  • Poisonous Plants of the Southern United States
    Poisonous Plants of the Southern United States Poisonous Plants of the Southern United States Common Name Genus and Species Page atamasco lily Zephyranthes atamasco 21 bitter sneezeweed Helenium amarum 20 black cherry Prunus serotina 6 black locust Robinia pseudoacacia 14 black nightshade Solanum nigrum 16 bladderpod Glottidium vesicarium 11 bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum 5 buttercup Ranunculus abortivus 9 castor bean Ricinus communis 17 cherry laurel Prunus caroliniana 6 chinaberry Melia azederach 14 choke cherry Prunus virginiana 6 coffee senna Cassia occidentalis 12 common buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis 25 common cocklebur Xanthium pensylvanicum 15 common sneezeweed Helenium autumnale 19 common yarrow Achillea millefolium 23 eastern baccharis Baccharis halimifolia 18 fetterbush Leucothoe axillaris 24 fetterbush Leucothoe racemosa 24 fetterbush Leucothoe recurva 24 great laurel Rhododendron maxima 9 hairy vetch Vicia villosa 27 hemp dogbane Apocynum cannabinum 23 horsenettle Solanum carolinense 15 jimsonweed Datura stramonium 8 johnsongrass Sorghum halepense 7 lantana Lantana camara 10 maleberry Lyonia ligustrina 24 Mexican pricklepoppy Argemone mexicana 27 milkweed Asclepias tuberosa 22 mountain laurel Kalmia latifolia 6 mustard Brassica sp . 25 oleander Nerium oleander 10 perilla mint Perilla frutescens 28 poison hemlock Conium maculatum 17 poison ivy Rhus radicans 20 poison oak Rhus toxicodendron 20 poison sumac Rhus vernix 21 pokeberry Phytolacca americana 8 rattlebox Daubentonia punicea 11 red buckeye Aesculus pavia 16 redroot pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus 18 rosebay Rhododendron calawbiense 9 sesbania Sesbania exaltata 12 scotch broom Cytisus scoparius 13 sheep laurel Kalmia angustifolia 6 showy crotalaria Crotalaria spectabilis 5 sicklepod Cassia obtusifolia 12 spotted water hemlock Cicuta maculata 17 St. John's wort Hypericum perforatum 26 stagger grass Amianthum muscaetoxicum 22 sweet clover Melilotus sp .
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE
    Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE LILIACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Lily Family) (also see AGAVACEAE, ALLIACEAE, ALSTROEMERIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE, ASPARAGACEAE, COLCHICACEAE, HEMEROCALLIDACEAE, HOSTACEAE, HYACINTHACEAE, HYPOXIDACEAE, MELANTHIACEAE, NARTHECIACEAE, RUSCACEAE, SMILACACEAE, THEMIDACEAE, TOFIELDIACEAE) As here interpreted narrowly, the Liliaceae constitutes about 11 genera and 550 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been much recent investigation and re-interpretation of evidence regarding the upper-level taxonomy of the Liliales, with strong suggestions that the broad Liliaceae recognized by Cronquist (1981) is artificial and polyphyletic. Cronquist (1993) himself concurs, at least to a degree: "we still await a comprehensive reorganization of the lilies into several families more comparable to other recognized families of angiosperms." Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) and Dahlgren, Clifford, & Yeo (1985) synthesized an early phase in the modern revolution of monocot taxonomy. Since then, additional research, especially molecular (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993, Bogler & Simpson 1995, and many others), has strongly validated the general lines (and many details) of Dahlgren's arrangement. The most recent synthesis (Kubitzki 1998a) is followed as the basis for familial and generic taxonomy of the lilies and their relatives (see summary below). References: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998, 2003); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). Our “liliaceous” genera (members of orders placed in the Lilianae) are therefore divided as shown below, largely following Kubitzki (1998a) and some more recent molecular analyses. ALISMATALES TOFIELDIACEAE: Pleea, Tofieldia. LILIALES ALSTROEMERIACEAE: Alstroemeria COLCHICACEAE: Colchicum, Uvularia. LILIACEAE: Clintonia, Erythronium, Lilium, Medeola, Prosartes, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tulipa. MELANTHIACEAE: Amianthium, Anticlea, Chamaelirium, Helonias, Melanthium, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Veratrum, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus.
    [Show full text]
  • Woodland/Shade Gardening by Jimi Blake
    V OLUME 24, I SSUE 4 O CTOBER— DECEMBER 2015 Piedmont Chapter North American Rock Garden Society The Trillium Chapel Hill, Durham, Raleigh, NC Woodland/Shade Gardening By Jimi Blake Woodland plants are the brave plants that burst into flower in the spring lifting my spirit and encouraging me to start back to gardening in Hunting Brook, Co. Wicklow, Ireland. These plants are so important in the garden to extend the season of interest and brighten up a shady area. An expanse of deciduous woodland is not necessary to create a woodland garden, though it is a dream situation for this purpose but that shaded area in the corner of the garden where you dump the grass mowings can take on a whole new life, or by simply pruning a shrub to let more light under it will allow for your mini woodland garden. The other type of shade in lots of gardens is the shade creat- ed by walls, which is also suitable for growing woodland plants. In the wild, these plants flower under the dappled shade of the deciduous trees before the leaves shade out the woodland floor during the summer months. Generally the woodland plants finish flowering by early to mid sum- mer and form a ground cover of various shades of green. These plants are called spring ephemerals. Remember the secret of a good woodland garden is the preparation of the soil, as these areas can be quite dry in the summer with the roots of the trees or shrubs taking up the moisture. When I started the woodland gardens in Hunting Brook I cleared the weeds by hand and then dug over the soil and incorporated a mixture of leaf mould or garden compost, and very well rotted farmyard manure creating a delicious mixture for these woodland gems to grow well in.
    [Show full text]
  • Flower Power
    FLOWER POWER IDAHO BOTANICAL GARDEN WHAT IS A FLOWER? INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVE: When students finish this project, they will have gained respect for the beauty of flowers and appreciate their ecological and practical importance. INTRODUCTION Dear Teacher, The Idaho Botanical Garden is an outdoor learning environment. We want to make your visit comfortable and enjoyable, and ask that your students are dressed appropriately for the weather and have water, especially in the warm weather months. TERMS Angiosperms: Flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in a fruit. Anthers: The boxlike structures at the top of stamens, where pollen is produced. Botanical garden: A place where plants are collected and displayed for scientific, educational and artistic purposes. Fertilization: The union of male sperm cells and female egg cells. Filament: The stalk of the stamen. Flower: The reproductive structure of an angiosperm. Fruit: A ripened ovary conaining seeds. Nectar: The sweet liquid produced by flowers to attract pollinators. Ovary: The hollow compartment at the base of the pistil which contains ovules. It develops into a fruit containing seeds. Ovules: The structures in a flower ovary that can develop into seeds. Pistil: The female part of a flower; stigma, style, and ovary. Pollen: A yellow, powder-like material containing sperm cells. Pollen tubes: Tubes that carry sperm cells from the stigma into the ovary. Pollination: The process of pollen coming together with the stigma of a flower. Pollinators: Animals which carry pollen from one flower to another. Seed: A structure containing a baby plant and its food supply, which is surrounded by a protective seed coat.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Trees of Georgia
    1 NATIVE TREES OF GEORGIA By G. Norman Bishop Professor of Forestry George Foster Peabody School of Forestry University of Georgia Currently Named Daniel B. Warnell School of Forest Resources University of Georgia GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMISSION Eleventh Printing - 2001 Revised Edition 2 FOREWARD This manual has been prepared in an effort to give to those interested in the trees of Georgia a means by which they may gain a more intimate knowledge of the tree species. Of about 250 species native to the state, only 92 are described here. These were chosen for their commercial importance, distribution over the state or because of some unusual characteristic. Since the manual is intended primarily for the use of the layman, technical terms have been omitted wherever possible; however, the scientific names of the trees and the families to which they belong, have been included. It might be explained that the species are grouped by families, the name of each occurring at the top of the page over the name of the first member of that family. Also, there is included in the text, a subdivision entitled KEY CHARACTERISTICS, the purpose of which is to give the reader, all in one group, the most outstanding features whereby he may more easily recognize the tree. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express his appreciation to the Houghton Mifflin Company, publishers of Sargent’s Manual of the Trees of North America, for permission to use the cuts of all trees appearing in this manual; to B. R. Stogsdill for assistance in arranging the material; to W.
    [Show full text]
  • SOS for Kids BW -2017.Pub
    DITAT DEUS KATIE HOBBS Secretary of State State of Jlrizona SOS for Kids An Arizona Secretary of State publication My name is Arizona and my birthday is February 14. Did you know I wasn’t always a state? At one time I was a territory. Being a territory is a lot like being a kid. As a territory I could ask the United States government for things, but I didn’t always get them. I finally became the 48th state in 1912, and I’ve grown a lot since then. THE ARIZONA STATE QUARTER Do you have a quarter in your pocket? You might have the Arizona state quarter. Arizona’s quarter was released in 2008. The quarter design has the Grand Canyon and a rising sun at the top of the coin. To the right is a large Saguaro cactus with other desert cacti. A banner with the words “Grand Canyon State” separates the two Arizona scenes. This Activity Book may be reproduced for educational purposes. An electronic version is available for electronic download at www.azlibrary.gov. © 2017 Arizona Secretary of State’s Office. Design and graphics by Scott Cancelosi. 2 Katiee Hobbs, Secret ary of State An Arizona Secretary of State publication SOS for Kids WHERE AM I? Do you know where Arizona is? Circle the state on the map of the United States of America below. WHAT CITY OR TOWN DO YOU LIVE IN? Do you know what city or town you live in? Ask a parent, teacher or someone you know to help you. Write it below.
    [Show full text]
  • State of New York City's Plants 2018
    STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species.
    [Show full text]