INDEX FOR 2011 HERBALPEDIA Acer palmatum—Maple, Japanese Acer pensylvanicum- Moosewood Acer rubrum—Maple, Red Abelmoschus moschatus—Ambrette seed Acer saccharinum—Maple, Silver Abies alba—Fir, Silver Acer spicatum—Maple, Mountain Abies balsamea—Fir, Balsam Acer tataricum—Maple, Tatarian Abies cephalonica—Fir, Greek Achillea ageratum—Yarrow, Sweet Abies fraseri—Fir, Fraser Achillea coarctata—Yarrow, Yellow Abies magnifica—Fir, California Red Achillea millefolium--Yarrow Abies mariana – Spruce, Black Achillea erba-rotta moschata—Yarrow, Musk Abies religiosa—Fir, Sacred Achillea moschata—Yarrow, Musk Abies sachalinensis—Fir, Japanese Achillea ptarmica - Sneezewort Abies spectabilis—Fir, Himalayan Achyranthes aspera—Devil’s Horsewhip Abronia fragrans – Sand Verbena Achyranthes bidentata-- Huai Niu Xi Abronia latifolia –Sand Verbena, Yellow Achyrocline satureoides--Macela Abrus precatorius--Jequirity Acinos alpinus – Calamint, Mountain Abutilon indicum----Mallow, Indian Acinos arvensis – Basil Thyme Abutilon trisulcatum- Mallow, Anglestem Aconitum carmichaeli—Monkshood, Azure Indian Aconitum delphinifolium—Monkshood, Acacia aneura--Mulga Larkspur Leaf Acacia arabica—Acacia Bark Aconitum falconeri—Aconite, Indian Acacia armata –Kangaroo Thorn Aconitum heterophyllum—Indian Atees Acacia catechu—Black Catechu Aconitum napellus—Aconite Acacia caven –Roman Cassie Aconitum uncinatum - Monkshood Acacia cornigera--Cockspur Aconitum vulparia - Wolfsbane Acacia dealbata--Mimosa Acorus americanus--Calamus Acacia decurrens—Acacia Bark Acorus calamus--Calamus Acacia farnesiana—Acacia, Sweet Acorus gramineus—Rock Sweet Flag Acacia greggii—Acacia, Catsclaw Actaea rubra--Baneberry Acacia melanoxylon—Blackwood Actaea pachypoda—Baneberry, White Acacia senegal—Gum Arabic Actaea racemosa – Black Cohosh Acacia sinata—Soap Nut Actaea spicata – Herb Christopher Acacia tortillis paradoxa—Kangaroo Thorn Adansonia digitata--Baobab Acacia tortilis--Acacia, Umbrella Thorn Adenophora stricta—Fickle Ladybell Acacia vera – Gum Arabic Adenophora verticillata—Adenophora Acacia verticillata—Prickly Moses Adenostemma lavenia--Kamanamana Acalypha arvensis—Cancer Herb Adhatoda vasica—Malabar Nut Acalypha indica – Copperleaf Adiantum capillus-veneris—Maidenhair Fern Acalypha lindheimeri – Yerba del Cancer Adiantum pedatum—Maidenhair, Northern Acalypha virginica – Copperleaf, Virginia Adonis vernalis--Adonis Acanthopanax gracilistylus - Acanthopanax Adoxa moschatelina—Moschatel Acanthopanax senticosus –Ci Wu Jia Aegle marmelos --Bael Acanthosicyos horridus--Naras Aegopodium podagraria—Ground Elder Acanthus mollis—Bear’s Breeches Aeolanthus gamwelliae--Nindi Acca sellowiana – Guava, Pineapple Aerva lanata--Aerva Acer circinatum—Maple, Vine Aesculus californica—Buckeye, California Acer glabrum – Maple, Rock Aesculus flava—Buckeye, Sweet Acer nigrum—Maple, Black Aesculus hippocastanum—Horse Chestnut Aesculus pavia – Buckeye, Red Aethusa cynapium—Fool’s Parsley Allium macrostemon—Xie Bai Afromomum melegueta – Grains of Paradise Allium pstulosum—Cong Bai Agalinis tenuifolia—Gerardia, Slender-Leaf Allium sativum--Garlic Agastache foeniculum—Hyssop, Anise Allium schoenoprasum—Chives Agastache mexicana—Hyssop, Giant Mexican Allium scorodoprasum--Rocambole Agastache rugosa—Hyssop, Giant Allium stellatum – Onion, Prairie Agastache urticifolia—Nettle-Leafed Allium tricoccum--Ramps Horsemint Allium triquetrum—Garlic, Triangular-Stalked Agathis robusta—Kauri Pine Allium tuberosum—Chives, Garlic Agathosma betulina--Buchu Allium ursinum—Ramsons Agave americana—Century Plant Allium vineale –Garlic, Crow Agave lecheguilla--Lechuguilla Alnus glutinosa – Alder Ageratina altissima - Snakeroot, White Alnus serrulata—Alder, Hazel Ageratina aromatica var aromatica – Alnus viridis crispa – Alder, American Green Snakeroot, Small White Aloe barbadensis --Aloe Aglaia odorata—Mock Lime Aloe ferox—Aloe, Cape Agonandra racemosa—Man Vine Aloe vera--Aloe Agoseris glauca—Dandelion, Mountain Aloysia triphylla –Lemon Verbena Agrimonia eupatoria--Agrimony Alpinia galangal – Catarrh Root Agrimonia gryposepala - Agrimony Alpinia katsumadai—Cao Dou Kou Agrimonia parviflora--Harvestlice Alpinia nutans—Cardamom, Round Agrimonia pilosa—Long Ya Cao Alpinia officinarum Galangal, Lesser Agropyron repens --Couchgrass Alpinia oxyphylla—Yi Zhi Ren Agrostemma githago—Corn Cockle Alstonia constricta--Alstonia Ailanthus altissima—Tree of Heaven Alstonia scholaris--Alstonia Ajuga chamaepitys—Ground Pine Alstroemeria haemantha –Herb Lily Ajuga decumbens – Bai Mao Xia Ku Cao Althaea officinalis--Marshmallow Ajuga reptens—Bugle Althaea rosea--Hollyhock Akebia quinata—Mu Tung Amaracus dictamnus—Dittany of Crete Akebia trifoliata--Akebia Amaranthus blitum—Strawberry Spinach Albizia julibrissin—Silk Tree Amaranthus dubius—Amaranth, Spleen Alcea rosea--Hollyhock Amaranthus hybridus—Pigweed, Smooth Alchemilla alpina – Lady’s Mantle, Alpine Amaranthus hypochondriacus—Amaranth Alchemilla arvensis—Parsley Piert Amaranthus retroflexus— Pigweed, Redroot Alchemilla vulgaris—Lady’s Mantle Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior Alchornea floribunda--Iporuru —Ragweed, Annual Alepidea amatymbica--Ikhathazo Ambrosia tenuifolia—Toad Herb Aleurites moluccana—Candlenut Oil Tree Ambrosia trifida--Ragweed Aletris farinose—True Unicorn Root Amelanchier alnifolia—Serviceberry Alisma plantago-aquatica —Water Plantain Ammi majus—Bishop’s Weed Alkanna tinctoria—Dyer’s Bugloss Ammi visnagi--Khella Alliaria petiolata—Mustard, Garlic Amomum compactum—Cardamom, Round Allium acuminatum—Onion, Hooker’s Amomum kravanh--Cardamom, Chinesse Allium canadense—Garlic, Canadian Amomum melegueta—Grains of Paradise Allium cepa--Onion Amomum tsao-ko—Cardamom, Black Allium cepa var proliferum – Onion, Tree Allium cernuum—Onion, Wild Amorpha canescens—Lead Plant Allium fistulosum—Onion, Welsh Amorpha fruticosa—Indigo, False Amorphophallus konjac—Konjac Ampelopsis brevipedunculata—Snake Grape Antennaria dioica—Pussy Toes Ampelopsis japonica—Bai Lian Antennaria plantaginifolia—Pussytoes, Field Amphicarpaea bracteata—Hog Peanut Anthemis arvensis – Chamomile, Corn Anthemis cotula--Mayweed Amygdalis communis - Almond Anthemis mixta—Chamomile, Maroc Anacardium occidentale--Cashew Anthemis nobilis—Chamomile, Roman Anacyclus pyrethrum—Pellitory Anthemis tinctoria—Chamomile, Dyer’s Anadenanthera peregrine --Yopo Anthocephalus chinensis – Kadamba Anagallis arvensis—Scarlet Pimpernel Anthoxanthum odoratum—Sweet Vernal Anamirta cocculus--Cocculus Grass Ananas comosus - Pineapple Anthriscus cerefolium--Chervil Anaphalis margaritacea—Pearly Everlasting Anthriscus sylvestris—Cow Parsley Anchusa azurea—Bugloss, Italian Anthurium schlechtendalii—Pheasant Tail Anchusa italica – Bugloss, Italian Anthyllis vulneraria—Ladies’ Fingers Anchusa officinalis—Alkanet Antirrhinum majus--Snapdragon Anchusa sempervirens – Alkanet, Green Aphanes arvensis—Parsley Piert Andira inermis—Cabbage Tree Apios americana – Ground Nut Andrographis paniculata—Gentian, Indian Apium graveolens—Celery Seed Andromeda polifolia—Bog Rosemary Aplectrum hyemale—Adam-and-Eve Root Andropogon virginicus—Broomsedge Apocynum androsaemifolium—Dogsbane Anemarrhena asphodeloides—Zhi mu Apocynum cannabinum—Hemp, Canadian acutipetala—Anemone, Alpine Aquilaria malaccensis--Aloewood Anemone alpine----Anemone, Alpine Aquilaria sinensis—Chen Xiang Anemone canadensis- Anemone, Canada Aquilegia canadensis—Columbine, Wild Wood Aquilegia vulgaris--Columbine Anemone cylindrica –Long-headed Arachis hypogaea--Peanut Thimbleweed Aralia chinensis—Chinese Angelica Tree Anemone pulsatilla—Pasque Flower Aralia cordata--Udo Anemonella thalictroides – Anemone, Rue Aralia hispida—Elder, Dwarf Anemopsis californica—Yerba Mansa Aralia nudicaulis—Sarsaparilla, Wild Anetholea anisata –Myrtle, Aniseed Aralia racemosa—Spikenard, American Anethum graveolens--Dill Aralia spinosa—Hercules Club Angelica anomala—Bai Zhi Arbutus unedo—Strawberry Tree Angelica archangelica--Angelica Arctium lappa--Burdock Angelica atropurpurea—Angelica, Purplestem Arctium minus—Burdock, Common Angelica dahurica—Bai Zhi Arctium tomentosum – Burdock, Woolly Angelica genuflexa—Angelica, Bent-leaf Arctostaphylos manzanita--Manzanita Angelica gigas—Angelica, Korean Arctostaphylos uva-ursi—Uva Ursi Angelica keiskei—Angelica, Japanese Ardisia japonica - Marlberry Angelica pubescens—Du Huo Areca catechu—Areca Nut Angelica sinensis—Dong Quai Argemone albiflora – Poppy, Thistle Angelica sylvestris –Angelica, Wild Argemone mexicana—Poppy, Mexican Aniba rosaeodora--Rosewood Argemone munita – Poppy, Flatbud Prickly Anisostichus caproplata—Cross Vine Argemone polyanthemos – Poppy, Prickly Annona muricata--Graviola Argentina anserina--Silverweed Annona squamosa—Custard Apple Arisaema consanguineum—Tian Nan Xing Anredera vesicaria—Maderia Vine Arisaema dracontium—Green Dragon Arisaema thunbergii—Tiger Paws Arisaema triphyllum—Jack-in-the-Pulpit Arisaema triphyllum ssp quinatum—Indian Artemisia vulgaris-Mugwort Turnip Arum italicum—Cuckoo Pint, Large Aristolochia clematitis—Birthwort Arum maculatum--Cuckoopint Aristolochia contorta –Ma Dou Ling Aruncus dioicus--Goatsbeard Aristolochia debilis—Birthwort, Frail Arundo donax—Reed, Giant Aristolochia grandiflora--Contribo Asarum arifolia – Heart Leaf Aristolochia macrophylla--Pipevine Asarum canadense—Ginger, Wild Aristolochia manshuriensis—Guan Mu Tong Asarum europaeum--Asarabacca Aristolochia reticulata—Snakeroot, Texan Asarum sieboldii—Xi Xin Aristolochia rotunda – Birthwort, Round Asimina triloba—PawPaw, American Aristolochia serpentaria—Snakeroot, Virginia Asclepias asperula--Inmortal Aristolochia watsonii – Indian Root Asclepias curassavica--Cancerillo Armeria maritima--Thrift Asclepias eriocarpa—Milkweed, Indian Armoracia rusticana --Horseradish Asclepias incarnata—Milkweed, Swamp Arnica cordifolia – Arnica, Heartleaf Asclepias physocarpa—Milkweed, South Arnica montana --Arnica African Arnoglossum atriplicifolium—Caraway, Wild Asclepias rubra—Silkweed, Red Aronia alnifolia--Serviceberry Asclepias speciosa—Milkweed, Showy Aronia arbutifolia --Chokeberry, Red Asclepias syriaca--Milkweed Aronia melanocarpia – Chokeberry, Black Asclepias tuberosa—Pleurisy Root Artemisia annua—Sweet Annie Asclepias viridis—Milkweed, Antelope Horn Artemisia abrotanum--Southernwood Ascyrum stans—St Peter’s Wort Artemisia absinthium--Wormwood Aspalathus linearis--Rooibos Artemisia afra—Artemisia, African Asparagus adscendens—White Musali Artemisia apiaceae—Wormwood, Chinese Asparagus aphyllus—Asparagus, Prickly Artemisia arborescens - Tree Artemisia Asparagus cochinchinensis—Asparagus, Artemisia argyi – Ai Ye Chinese Artemisia campestris—Southernwood, Field Asparagus officinalis--Asparagus Artemisia cana—Sagebrush, Silver Asparagus racemosus--Shatavari Artemisia capillaris—Yin Chen Hao Asperula cynanchica—Squinancy Wort Artemisia cina—Levant Wormseed Asperula odorata—Sweet Woodruff Artemisia dracunculus--Tarragon Asphodelus aestivus--Asphodel Artemisia filifolia --- Sand Sage Asphodelus albus - Asphodelus Artemisia franserioides—Mugwort, Mountain Aspidistra eliatior – Aspidistra Artemisa frigida – Wormwood, Fringed Aspidium filix-mas—Male Fern Artemisia genipi—Wormwood, Black Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco--Quebracho Artemisia gmelinii –Wormwood, Russian Asplenium ceterach—Rusty Back Fern Artemisia keiskeana –An Lu Asplenium rhizophyllum—Walking Fern Artemisia lactiflora—Mugwort, White Asplenium ruta-muraria—Wall Rue Artemisia ludoviciana—Mugwort, Western Asplenium scolopendrium—Hart’s Tongue Artemisia maritima—Wormwood, Sea Fern Artemisia pontica – Wormwood, Roman Aster novae-angliae—Aster, New England Artemisia princeps - Yomogi Aster puniceus – Aster, Purplestem Artemisia purshiana—Mugwort, Western Aster tataricus—Aster, Tatarian Artemisia sieversiana--Sagebrush Astragalus complanatus—Sha Yuan Ji Li Artemisia tilesii –Wormwood, Mountain Astragalus gummifer—Gum Tragacanth Artemisia tridentata—Sagebrush, Common Astragalus membranaceous--Astragalus Astrantia major—Masterwort, Great Athyrium filix-femina – Lady Fern Atractylis ovata--Okera Beta vulgaris--Beet Atractylodes lancea—Cangzhu Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima—Sea Beet Atractylodes macrocephala –Bai Zhu Betula alleghaniensis –Birch, Yellow Atriplex canescens- - Saltbush Betula lenta— Birch, Sweet Atriplex confertifolia—Saltbush, Spiny Betula occidentalis—Birch, Water Atriplex hortensis—Orach, Red Betula papyrifera—Birch, Paper Atriplex patula—Orach, Green Betula pendula (B. verrucosa)—Birch, Silver Atropa belladonna--Belladonna Bidens bipinnata—Spanish Needles Aureolaria pedicularia--Feverweed Bidens frondosa – Beggers Tick Avena fatua—Oats, Wild Bidens pilosa—Picao Preto Avena sativa--Oats Bidens tripartite –Marigold, Burr Azadirachta indica --Neem Bignonia capreolata – Cross Vine Bignonia catalpa—Catalpa, Common Baccharis genistelloides--Carqueja Bixa orellana –Annatto Baccharis pilularis—Coyote Brush Blephilia ciliate—Downy Woodmint Baccharis salicifolia—Willow, Seep Bletilla striata – Orchid, Hyacinth Backhousia citrodora –Myrtle, Lemon Scented Bloomeria crocea—Golden Stars Bacopa monnieri--Water Hyssop Blumea balsamifera—Camphor Plant Baeckea frutescens--Baeckea Blumea lacera—Hong Tou Cao Ballota acetabulosa – False Dittany Boerhavia diffusa – Red Hogweed Ballota nigra—Horehound, Black Boehmeria nivea--Ramie Ballota pseudodictamnus – Ballota Borago officinalis--Borage Balsamita major - Costmary Borassus flabellifer – Palmyra Balsamorrhiza sagittata—Arrowleaf Boronia megastigma—Boronia Balsamroot Boswellia serrata--Frankincense Banksia menziesii--Menzies Banksia Botrychium lunaria—Consumption Brake Baptisia australis—Indigo, Blue False Wild Bougainvillea spectabilis—Bougainvillea Baptisia bracteata var. leucophaea—Indigo, Brachyglottis repanda - Rangiora Plains Wild Brasenia schreberi—Water Shield Baptisia leucophaea—Indigo, Plains Wild Brassica alba—Mustard, White Baptisia tinctoria—Indigo, False Brassica cernua—Mustard, Chinese Barbarea verna - Landcress Brassica juncea--Mizuna Barbarea vulgaris--Wintercress Brassica juncea napiformis—Mustard, Barosma betulina--Buchu Tuberous Rooted Chinese Basella alba—Malabar Spinach Brassica nigra—Mustard, Black Bassia scoparia--Kochia Brassica oleracea--Cabbage Bauhinia candicans—Pata-De-Vaca Brickellia grandiflora--Bricklebush Bauhinia herrerae—Cowfoot Vine Bromelia pinguin--Pinguin Bauhinia variegata—Mountain Ebony Bromus japonicus –Chess, Japanese Begonia fimbristipulata—Zi Bie Tian Jui romus ramosus – Oat, Wild Begonia tuberosa—Tuberous Begonia Brugmansia sanguinea—Red Angel’s Belamcanda chinensis – Lily, Leopard Trumpet Bellis perennis—Daisy, English Brunfelsia uniflora—Manaca Benincasa hispida – Wax Gourd Bryera anthelmintica—Kousso Berberis aristata --Chitra Bryonia, dioica—Bryony, Red Berberis Canadensis—Barberry, Allegheny Bryonia alba—Bryony, White Berberis vulgaris--Barberry Bryophyllum pinnatum—Resurrection Plant Bergenia crassifolia –Siberian Tea Bertholletia excels—Brazil Nut Buddleia americac--Tepozan Camassia quamash—Blue Camass Buddleia davidii--Buddleja Camassia scilloides—Atlantic Camass Buddleia officinalis—Mi Meng Hua Campanula lasiocarpa--Harebell Buglossoides arvensis – Gromwell, Field Campanula rapunculus--Rampions Bulbous corydalis – Bird in the Bush Campanula rotundifolia – Harebell, Scottish Bumelia lanuginose--Chittamwood Campanula trachelium--Bellflower Bunium bulbocastanum—Pignut, Great Campsis grandiflora – Trumpet Creeper Bunium persicum—Cumin, Black Campsis radicans—Trumpet Vine Bupleurum chinense –Chai Hu Camptosorus rhizophyllus—Walking Fern Bupleurum falcatum--Bupleurum Cananga odorata var. genuine—Ylang Ylang Bursera glabrifolia - Linaloe Canarium album—Chinese White Olive Bursera microphylla—Elephant Tree Canarium luzonicum--Elemi Bursera simaruba—Gumbo-Limbo Canella winterana—Cinnamon, White Butea monosperma--Palas Capparis spinosa—Caper Butomus umbellatus—Flowering Rush Capraria biflora—Tan Chi Butyrospermum parkii—Shea Butter Tree Capsella bursa-pastoris—Shepherd’s Purse Buxus sempervirens—Box, Common Capsicum annuum var annuum – Cayenne Capsicum baccatum --Locoto Cacalia atriplicifolia— Caraway, Wild Capsicum frutescens - Cayenne Cacalia decomposita--Maturique Cardamine amara – Bittercress, Large Caesalpinia bonducella—Nikkar Nut Cardamine bulbosa—Bittercress, Bulbous Caesalpinia decapetala—Yun Shih Cardamine concatenate- Cut-leaved Caesalpinia pulcherrima—Bird of Paradise Toothwort Caesalpinia sappan—Sappan Tree Cardamine cordifolia--Brookcress Caesalpinia sepiaria—Yun Shih Cardamine diphylla --Crinkleroot Cakile maritime—Sea Rocket Cardamine pratensis—Cuckoo Flower Calamintha cretica—Calamint, Trailing Cardaria draba—Hoary Pepperwort Calamintha nepeta--Nepitella Cardiospermum halicacabum—Balloon Vine Calamintha officinalis--Calamint Carduus crispus –Thistle, Welted Calamintha clinopodium – Basil, Wild Carduus marianus—Thistle, Milk Calea zacatechichi--Calea Carduus nutans—Thistle, Musk Calendula officinalis--Calendula Carex arenaria – Sedge, Sand Calla palustris—Calla, Wild Carex acutiformis – Sedge, Swamp Calliandra eriophylla – Fairy Duster Carica papaya--Papaya Callicarpa americana – Beautyberry, Carlina acaulis—Thistle, Carline American Caroesium abrotanoides—Pig’s Head Callirhoe involucrate—Mallow, Poppy Carphephorus odoratissimus--Deerstongue Calluna vulgaris--Heather Carpinus caroliniana—Hornbeam, American Calochortus gunnisonii—Lily, Mariposa Carthamus tinctorius--Safflower Calomeria amaranthoides - Incense Plant Carum ajowan—Ajowan Calotropis procera--Calotrope Carum carvi--Caraway Caltha palustris—Marigold, Marsh Carum copticum—Ajowan Caltha parnassifolia—Marigold, Marsh Carum petroselinum--Parsley Calycanthus floridus – Allspice, Carolina Carya alba –Mockernut Calypso bulbosa—Orchid, Calypso Carya illinoinensis--Pecan Calystegia sepium--Bindweed Caryocar villosum--Pequia Camellia oleifera—Tea Oil Plant Cassia alata – Piss a Bed Camellia sinensis --Tea Cassia angustifolia—Senna, Tinnevelly Cassia fistula—Cassia Pods Cassia ligustrina – Wild Coffee Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare—Mouseear, Cassia marilandica—Senna, Wild Common Cassia obtusifolia—Jue Ming Zi Cerastium holosteoides –Mouseear, Common Cassia occidentalis - Yama Bush Cerasus mahaleb--Mahlebi Cassia senna --Senna Ceratonia siliqua--Carob Cassia tora—Senna, Sickle Cerbera manghas--Cerbera Castanea dentata-Chestnut, American Cercidium microphylla—Palo Verde Castanea mollissima—Chestnut, Chinese Cercidium microphyllum—Palo Verde Castanea pumila--Chinquapin Cercis canadensis--Redbud Castanea sativa—Chestnut, Sweet Cereus grandflorus----Night Blooming Cereus Castela erecta--Chaparro Ceterach officinarum—Rusty Back Fern Castilleja coccinea – Indian Paintbrush Cetraria islandica—Iceland Moss Casuarina glauca—Oak, She Chaenomeles lagenaria – Quince, Flowering Catalpa bignonioides –Catalpa, Common Chaenomeles speciosa —Quince, Flowering Castela emoryi—Crucifixion Thorn Chaerophyllum bulbosum—Turnip Rooted Catha edulis – Khat Chervil Catharanthus roseus—Periwinkle, Chamaedaphne calyculata—Cassandra Madagascar Chamaesyce thymifolia—Spurge, Thyme- Caulophyllum thalictroides—Blue Cohosh Leaved Cayaponia tayuya--Tayuya Chamaecyparis thyoides—Cypress, White Ceanothus americanus—New Jersey Tea Chamaelirium luteurm –Helonias Ceanothus fendleri - Deerbush Chamaenerion angustifolia--Fireweed Ceanothus velutinus—Red Root Chamaemelum mixtum –Chamomile, Maroc Cecropia peltata--Embauba Chamaemelum nobile—Chamomile, Roman Cedronella canariensis—Balm of Gilead Chamerion latifolium—River Beauty Cedrus atlantica—Cedar, Atlas Chamaesyce prostrate—Spurge, Prostrate Cedrus deodara—Cedar, Himalayan Cheiranthus cheiri--Wallflower Cedrus libani—Cedar of Lebanon Chelidonium majus--Celandine Ceiba pentandra--Kapok Chelone glabra--Balmony Celastrus scandens—Bittersweet, Climbing Chenopodium album – Lambs Quarters Celosia argentea—Cockscomb Chenopodium ambrosioides--Epazote Celosia cristata - Cockscomb Chenopodium bonus-henricus—Good King Celtis australis—Hackberry, Southern Henry Celtis pallida— Hackberry, Desert Chenopodium botrys--Ambrosia Centaurea calcitrapa – Thistle, Star Chenopodium capitatum - Beetberry Centaurea cyanus --Cornflower Chenopodium giganteum—Tree Spinach Centaurea jacea –Knapweed, Brown Chenopodium watsonii—Arrach, Stinking Centaurea montana – Cornflower, Perennial Chenopodium polyspermum—All Seed Centaurea nigra--Knapweed Chilopsis linearis—Willow, Desert Centaurea raphanina--Centaurea Chimaphila maculata—Wintergreen, Spotted Centaurea scabiosa—Knapweed, Greater Chimaphila umbellate--Pipsissewa Centaurium erythraea--Centaury Chimonanthus praecox--Wintersweet Centaurium umbellatum - Centaury Chiococca alba –Skunk Root Centella asiatica –Gotu Kola Chionanthus virgnicum—Fringe Tree Centipeda minima—Sneezeweed, Spreading Chiranthodendron pentadactylon— Centranthus ruber – Valerian, Red Handflower Tree Cephaelis ipecacuanha - Ipecac Chlorogalum pomeridianum- Amole Cephalanthus occidentalis—Buttonbush, Chlorophora excelsa--Iroko Common Choisya ternate—Mexican Orange Flower Chondracanthus chamissoi—Carragheen Citrus bergamia—Orange, Bergamot Moss Citrus cystrix— Lime, Kaffir Chondrodendron tomentosum--Pareira Citrus limon--Lemon Chondrus crispus—Irish Moss Citrus x paradisi – Grapefruit Chorispora tenella—Mustard, Blue Citrus sinensis--Orange Chromolaena odorata—Jack in the Bush Cladina rangiferina—Reindeer Moss Chrozophora tinctoria--Fustic Clausena anisata—Clausena Chrysactinia mexicana--Damianita Claviceps purpurea—Ergot Chrysanthemum balsamita--Costmary Cladonia pyxidata--Cupmoss Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium – Claytonia lanceolata – Lanceleaf Spring Dalmation Pyrethrum Beauty Chrysanthemum coccineum – Daisy, Painted Claytonia megarhiza – Spring Beauty, Alpine Chrysanthemum coronarium--Shungiku Claytonia perfoliata –Lettuce, Miner’s Chrysanthemum leucanthemum—Daisy, Clematis chinensis—Clematis, Chinese Oxeye Clematis flammula—Sweet-Scented Virgin’s Chrysanthemum parthenium—Feverfew Bower Chrysanthemum segetum – Marigold, Corn Clematis ligusticifolia—Clematis, White Chrysanthemum vulgare--Tansy Clematis occidentalis—Clematis, Purple Chrysopsis mariana—Aster, Golden Clematis recta – Clematis, Erect Cibotium barometz—Scythian Lamb Clematis viorna—Leather Flower Cichorium intybus--Chicory Clematis vitalba—Traveler’s Joy Cichorium spinosum—Chicory, Sea Cleome serrulata—Clover, Stinking Cicuta virosa – Cowbane Clerodendrum bungei – Glory Flower Cimicifuga americana—Bugbane, American Clerodendrum foetidum – Glory Flower Cimicifuga foetida –Bugbane, Fetid Clerodendron inerme—Jasmine, Wild Cimicifuga racemosa—Black Cohosh Clerodendrum trichotomum—Chou Wu Tong Cinchona calisaya--Cinchona Clethra alnifolia—Sweet Pepperbush Cineraria maritime—Dusty Miller Clinopodium arkansanum—Calamint, Cinnamomum camphora--Camphortree Arkansas Cinnamomum cassia--Cassia Clinopodium vulgare –Basil, Wild Cinnamomum oliveri—Oliver Bark Clintonia borealis – Yellow Clintonia Cinnamomum tamala—Indian Cassia Lignea Cnicus benedictus—Thistle, Blessed Cinnamomum zeylanicum--Cinnamon Cnidium monnieri – She Chuang Zi Circaea lutetiana—Enchanter’s Nightshade Cnidosculous chayamansa--Chaya Cirsium arvense – Thistle, Creeping Cnidoscolus texanus—Nettle, Texas Bull Cirsium flodmanii—Thistle, Flodman’s Coccinia grandis—Ivy Gourd Cirsium japonicum—Thistle, Sea Coccoloba uvifera—Sea Grape Cirsium undulatum—Thistle, Wavy Leaf Cocculus palmatus --Colombo Cirsium vulgare – Thistle, Bull Cocculus trilobus—Moonseed, Korean Cissampelos pareira –Velvet Leaf Cochlearia armoracia--Horseradish Cistus ladanifer--Rockrose Cochlearia officinalis—Scurvy Grass Citrullus colocynthis—Bitter Apple Cocos nucifera--Coconut Citrullus lanatus--Watermelon Codium fragile--Chonggak Citrus aurantium var amara –Orange, Seville Codonopsis pilosula—Codonopsis Citrus aurantium var aurantium—Orange, Codonopsis tangshen--Codonopsis Seville Coffea arabica--Coffee Citrus aurantium ssp. bergamia—Orange, Coix lacryma-jobi—Job’s Tears Bergamot Cola acuminata (C. nitida, C. vera)--Cola Colchicum autumnale—Meadow Saffron Coleus amboinicus—Cuban Oregano Coriandrum sativum—Coriander/Cilantro Coleus forskohlii --Coleus Coridothymus capitatus—Oregano, Spanish Collinsonia canadensis—Stone Root Cornus alternifolia—Green Osier Colocasia antiquorum--Taro Cornus canadensis--Bunchberry Colocasia esculenta--Taro Cornus florida—Dogwood, Flowering Colutea arborescens—Bladder Senna Cornus kousa – Dogwood, Kousa Colutea cruenta—Red Flowered Bladder Cornus mas—Cherry, Cornelian Colutea orientalis—Red Flowered Bladder Cornus officinalis—Shan Zhu Yu Combretum erythrophyllum—River Cornus sericea – Dogwood, Red Osier Bushwillow Cornus stolonifera—Dogwood, Red Osier Combretum sundaicum—Combretum Coronilla varia—Crown Vetch Commelina communis—Day Flower Coryanthe yohimbe--Yohimbe Commphora erythraea - Opopanax Corydalis ambigua—Yen Hu Suo Commiphora mukul--Guggal Corydalis aurea—Corydalis, Golden Commiphora myrrha --Myrrh Corydallis cava – Bird in the Bush Comptonia peregrina –Sweetgale, Canadian Corydalis sempervirens – Corydalis, Pale Conium maculatum--Hemlock Corydalis solida—Fumewort Conocephalum conicum – Liverwort, Great Cordia salicifolia—Cha de Bugre Scented Cosmos sulphureus--Keniker Conopodium majus—Pig Nut Costus spicatus – Sour Cane Conradina canescens – Rosemary, False Cotinus coggygria --Sumach Conradina verticillata –Rosemary, Cotyledon orbiculata—Pig’s Ears Cumberland Crambe maritime—Sea Kale Consolida ajacis – Larkspur, Rocket Crataegus cuneata--Sanzashi Consolida ambigua – Larkspur, Rocket Crataegus laevigata –Hawthorn Convallaria majalis—Lily of the Valley Cremastra variabilis—Shan Ci Gu Convallaria racemosa—Solomon Seal, False Crescentia cujete—Calabash Tree Convolvulus arvensis—Bindweed, Field Crinum zeylanicum –Lily, Giant Spider Conyza canadensis--Horseweed Crithmum maritimum –Samphire Copaifera officinalis--Copaiba Critonia morifolia--Green Stick Copernicia cerifera—Carnauba Wax Crocus sativus--Saffron Coptis chinensis—Goldthread, Chinese Crotalaria retusa--Crotalaria Coptis deltoidea—Goldthread, Chinese Croton eleuteria --Cascarilla Coptis groenlandica --Cankerroot Croton lechleri—Dragon’s Blood Coptis trifolia--Goldthread Croton monanthogynus—Prairie Tea Corallorhiza maculata—Spotted Chatelain Croton texensis—Croton, Texas Corallorhiza odontorhiza – Autumn Corralroot Croton tiglium--Croton Corchorus olitorius--Molokhia Crowea saligna - Crowea Corchorus siliquosus- Kalallo Bush Cruciata laevipes--Crosswort Cordia alliodoria—Ajos Kiro Cryptotaenia canadensis--Honewort Cordia boissieri—Olive, Texas Cryptotaenia japonica-- Mitsuba Cordia globosa--Bloodberry Cryosophila argentea—Give and Take Cordyceps sinensis-Winter Worm-Summer Cucumis colocynthis—Bitter Apple Grass Cucumis sativus--Cucumber Cordyline fruticosa—Ti Plant Cucurbita foetidissima—Buffalo Gourd Cordyline terminalis—Ti Plant Cucurbita moschata--Calabaza Coreopsis auriculata--Tickseed Cucurbita pepo--Pumpkin Coreopsis tinctoria -- Calliopsis Cullen corylifolia—Bu Gu Zhi Cuminum cyminum--Cumin Cyrilla racemiflora – Leatherwood Cunila origanoides—Mint, Stone Cypripedium acaule – Nerve Root Cupania belizensis—Grande Betty Cypripedium calceolus – Lady’s Slipper Cuphea calophylla—Mexican Heather Cytisus canariensis--Genista Cupressus arizonica—Cypress Cytisus scoparius—Broom, Scotch Cupressus sempervirens—Cypress, Italian Cucurbita moschata--Calabaza Dactylis glomerata—Cock’s Foot Curcubita pepo spp.—Squash Blossoms Daemonorops drago—Dragon’s Blood Curculigo ensifolia—Orchid Palm Grass Dalea candida—Clover, White Prairie Curculigo orchioides—Orchid Palm Grass Dalea formosa—Yerba de Alonso Garcia Curcuma amada—Mango Ginger Dalea gattingeri – Clover, Purple Prairie Curcuma aromatica – Turmeric, Wild Dalea purpurea –Clover, Velvet Prairie Curcuma longa--Turmeric Dampiera linearis--Dampiera Curcuma zedoaria--Zedoary Daphne genkwa--Daphne Cuscuta epithymum--Dodder Daphne laureola – Spurge Laurel Cuscuta europaea—Dodder, Common Daphne mezereum--Mezereun Cuscuta japonica –Dodder, Japanese Darmera peltata—Umbrella Plant Cuscuta megalocarpa –Dodder, Big Fruit Dasiphora floribunda--Teabush Cyathula officinalis—Sichuan Oxknee Datura inoxia—Thorn Apple Cyamopsis tetragonoloba—Guar Gum Datura metel – Thorn Apple Cyathula officinalis—Chuan Niu Xi Datura meteloides—Thorn Apple Cyathula prostrata--Hookweed Datura stramonium –Jimson Weed Cycas media--Cycas Daubentonia texana—Rattle Box Cycas revoluta—Sago Palm, Japanese Daucus carota—Carrot, Wild Cyclopia genistoides—Bush Tea Delphinium ajacis – Larkspur, Rocket Cydista aequinoctialis—Garlic Vine Delphinium staphisagria—Stavesacre Cydonia oblonga--Quince Dendranthema grandiflorum-- Cymbalaria muralis—Kenilworth Ivy Chrysanthemum Cymbopogon citrates- Lemongrass Dendranthema x grandiflorum—Ju Hua Cymbopogon densiflorus--Esakuna Dendrobium hancockii—Shih Hu Cymbopogon martinii var. martini--Palmarosa Dendrobium moniliforme—Orchid, Japanese Cymopterus bulbosus—Biscuit Root Stone Cymopterus fendleri--Chimaja Dendrobium nobile--Dendrobium Cynanchum atratum—Bai Wei Dendropanax arboreus--Vaquero Cynanchum glaucescens--Cynanchum Dentaria diphylla--Crinkleroot Cynanchum stauntonii—Bai Qian Dentaria laciniata-Cut-Leaved Toothwort Cynanchum vincetoxicum—Swallow Wort, Descurainia pinnata—Mustard, Tansy White Desfontainia spinosa--Taique Cynara cardunculus--Cardoon Desmodium pulchellum—Pai Qian Cao Cynara scolymus --Artichoke Desmodium triflorum—Clover, Tick Cynodon dactylon—Bermuda Grass Desmodium triquetrum—Hu Lu Ch’a Cynoglossum officinale—Hound’s Tongue Desmostachya bipinnata—Sacred Creeping Cynomorium coccineum—Squaw Root Grass Cynomorium songaricum—Squaw Root Dianthus caryophyllus—Carnation Cyperus articulatus--Adrue Dianthus chinensis—Pink, Chinese Cyperus esculentus--Chufa Dianthus superbus—Fringed Pink Cyperus longus--Galingale Dicentra canadensis—Squirrel Corn Cyperus papyrus – Papyrus Dicentra cucullaria—Dutchman’s Breeches Cyperus rotundus--Sedge Dicentra formosa—Bleeding Heart Dichelostemma capitatum ssp.capitatum Dryobalanops aromatica –Borneol —Blue Dicks Dryopteris cristata—Crested Field Fern Dichroa febrifuga—Chang Shan Dryopteris filix-mas—Male Fern Dicranum scoparium—Broom Moss Duboisia hopwoodii—Pituri Bush Dictamnus albus—Gas Plant Duchesnia indica—Indian Strawberry Dictamnus fraxinella—Gas Plant Durio zibethinus--Durian Diervilla lonicera – Honeysuckle, Bush Dyssodia papposa—Mayweed Dogweed Digitalis lanata – Foxglove, Woolly Digitalis lutea—Foxglove, Yellow Ecballium elaterium—Cucumber, Squirting Digitalis purpurea--Foxglove Echinacea purpurea, E. angustifolia, Digitaria sanguinalis—Crabgrass E. pallida—Echinacea, Coneflower Dimocarpus longan--Longan Echinocactus texensis—Horse Crippler Dioscorea bulbifera – Air Potato Echinocereus enneacanthus--Pitjaya Dioscorea hispida –Yam, Intoxicating Echinochloa crus-galli—Barnyard Grass Dioscorea hypoglauca—Bei Xie Echinodorus macraphyllus—Chapeu-de- Dioscorea japonica—Yam, Glutinous Couro Dioscorea opposita—Yam, Chinese Echinopanax horridum—Devil’s Club Dioscorea tokoro--Makino Echium vulgare--Bugloss Dioscorea villosa—Yam, Wild Eclipta alba—Trailing Eclipta Diospyros kaki—Persimmon, Chinese Eclipta prostrata—Trailing Eclipta Diospyros mespiliformis—Jackal Berry Tree Elaeagnus angustifolia—Russian Olive Diospyros virginiana—Persimmon Elaeagnus commutate--Silverberry Diphylleia cymosa—Umbrella Leaf Elaeagnus multiflora--Goumi Diplazium pycnocarpon—Silvery Spleenwort Elaeagnus umbellate—Autumn Olive Dipsacus asper—Xu Duan Elaeis guineensis—Palm, Oil Dipsacus fullonum --Teasel Elaeocarpus sphaericus— Rudraksha Dipsacus japonicus—Teasel, Japanese Elettaria cardamomum—Cardamom Dipsacus pilosus – Shepherd’s Rod Eleuthrococcus senticosus—Ginseng, Siberian Dipteryx odorata—Tonka Bean Elodea canadensis - Elodea Dirca palustris – Mezereon, American Elsholtzia ciliata—Vietnamese Balm Descurainia sophia - Flixweed Elsholtzia splendens—Xiang Ru Dodecatheon meadia--Shootingstar Elsholtzia stauntonii--Mintbush Dodonaea viscosa—Hops, Native Elymus repens--Couchgrass Dolichos lablab—Hyacinth Bean Emblica officinalis—Gooseberry, Indian Dombeya burgessiae—Blossom Bouquet Emilia sonchifolia—Cupid’s Shaving Brush Dorema ammoniacum--Ammoniacum Empetrum nigrum – Crowberry Dorstenia contrajerva—Contrayerva Encelia farinose - Brittlebush Draba incana – Faverel Ensete ventricosum—Banana, Ethiopian Draba verna – Whitlow Grass Entada phaseoloides—Matchbox Bean Dracocephalon moldivica - Dragonhead Eopepon vitifolius—Cucumber, Chinese Dracunculus vulgaris—Dragon Arum Ephedra distachya – Ephedra, Joint Fir Drimys winteri—Pepper Tree Ephedra nevadensis – Mormon Tea Dryopteris crassirhizoma—Guan Jung Ephedra sinica and E. vulgaris--Ephedra Dryopteris dilatata—Buckler Fern, Broad Ephedra torreyana—Ephedra, Torrey’s Dryopteris spinulosa – Buckler Fern, Narrow Epifagus virginiana—Beech Drops Drosera rotundifolia--Sundew Epigaea repens—Arbutus, Trailing Dryas drummondii—Dryas, Yellow Epilobium angustifolium—Fireweed Dryas octopetala—Dryas, White Epilobium hirsutum – Willowherb, Hairy Drynaria fortune—Oak-Leaved Fern Epilobium latifolium—River Beauty Epilobium parviflorum - Willowherb Erythronium dens-canis—Violet, Dog-Tooth Epimedium grandiflorum - Barrenwort Erythronium grandiflorum—Lily, Yellow Epimedium sagittatum—Horny Goat Weed Fawn Epithelantha micromeris—Hikuli Mulato Erythrophleum suaveolens—Sassy Bark Equisetum spp--Horsetail Erythroxylum catauba--Catauba Eranthis hyemalis – Aconite, Winter Erythroxylum coca --Coca Erechtites hieraciifolia—Fireweed, American Eschscholzia californica—Poppy, California Erica arborea – Tree Heather Eucalyptus caesia—Silver Princess Erica tetralix—Cross Leaved Heather Eucalyptus globules—Eucalyptus Erica vulgaris--Heather Eucommia ulmoides—Du Zhong Ericameria nauseosa var nausiosa- Eugenia caryophyllata--Cloves -Rabbitbrush Eugenia chequen--Cheken Erigeron acer--Simson Eugenia jambolana—Jambul Erigeron annuus – Fleabane, Daisy Euodia rutaecarpa--Euodia Erigeron canadensis--Horseweed Euonymus alatus—Spindle Tree, Winged Erigeron philadelphicus – Fleabane, Euonymus americana—Strawberry Bush Philadelphia Euonymus atropurpurea--Wahoo Erigenia bulbosa—Harbinger of Spring Euonymus europaeus – Spindle Tree Eriobotrya japonica—Loquat Euonymus japonica—Spindle Tree, Japanese Eriocaulon buergerianum – Pipewort Eupatorium aromaticum – Snakeroot, Small Eriocaulon cinereum—Gu Jing Tsao White Eriocaulon sieboldianum—Gu Jing Tsao Eupatorium cannabinum—Hemp Agrimony Eriodictyon californicum—Yerba Santa Eupatorium chinense—Hua Ze Lan Eriogonum racemosum—Buckwheat, Wild Eupatorium fortunei—Thoroughwort Eriophorum spp-- Cotton Grass Eupatorium hyssopifoliuim – Justice Weed Eriophyllum confertiflorum—Yarrow, Golden Eupatorium odoratum—Jack in the Bush Erodium cicutarium—Stork’s Bill Eupatorium perfoliatum--Boneset Erophila verna –Whitlow Grass Eupatorium purpureum--Joe Pye Weed Eruca sativa—Arugula Eupatorium rugosum – Snakeroot, White Eruca vesicaria var sativa—Arugula Euphorbia helioscopia – Spurge, Sun Ervatamia coronaria—Grape Jasmine Euphorbia hirta— Spurge, Pill-Bearing Eryngium aquaticum—Button’s Snakeroot Euphorbia heterophylla—Mexican Fireplant Ergyngo Euphorbia lathyrus— Spurge, Caper Eryngium. antihystericum--Culantro Euphorbia lingularia - Milk Hedge Eryngium creticum - Eryngo Euphorbia maculata—Spurge, Spotted Eryngium foetidum --Culantro Euphorbia marginata – Snow-on the Mountain Eryngium maritimum—Sea Holly Euphorbia nerifolia – Milk Hedge Eryngium yuccifolium—Rattlesnake Master Euphoria pekinensis—Da Ji Erysimum capitatum – Wallflower, Coastal Euphorbia pulcherrima – Poinsettia, Wild Erysimum cheiranthoides—Mustard, Euphorbia resinifera—Euphorbium Wormseed Euphrasia officinalis—Eyebright Erysimum cheiri--Wallflower Euryale ferox—Water lily, Prickly Erysimum officinale—Mustard, Hedge Eurybia macrophylla –Aster, Large-leaved Erythraea centaurium --Centaury Eurycoma longifolia—Tongkat Ali Erythraea chilensis--Canchalagua Euterpe oleracea—Acai Palm Erythrina herbacea--Coralbead Evernia prunastri—Oak Moss Erythrina variegata—Indian Coral Tree Erythronium americanum—Adder’s Tongue Fabiana imbricata - Pichi Fritillaria pudica—Yellow Bells Fagara zanthoxyloides-Artar Root Fritillaria thunbergii-Zhe Bei Mu Fagopyrum esculentum--Buckwheat Fuchsia spp--Fuchsia Fagus grandifolia--Beech Fucus vesiculosus--Bladderwrack Fagus sylvatica—Beech, European Fumaria officinalis--Fumitory Fallopia japonica – Knotweed, Japanese Fallopia multiflorum – Fo-Ti Galanthus nivalis - Snowdrop Fallugia paradoxa—Apache Plume Galax urceolata—Beetleweed Fedia cornucopiae—Valerian, African Galega officinalis—Goat’s Rue Feijoa sellowiana –Guava, Pineapple Galeopsis segetum – Nettle, Downy Hemp Feronia limonia—Wood Apple Galinsoga parviflora--Galinsoga Ferula assa-foetida--Asafetida Galipea officinalis—Angostura Ferula communis—Fennel, Giant Galium aparine--Cleavers Ferula galbaniflua--Galbanum Galium cruciata--Crosswort Ferula sumbul--Sumbul Galium odoratum—Sweet Woodruff Ferulis harmonis--Zallouh Galium tinctorium—Bedstraw, Threepetal Ficus benghalensis –Banyan Tree Galium trifidum--Bedstraw, Small Ficus carica--Fig Galium triflorum—Bedstraw, Sweet-Scented Ficus deltoidea—Fig, Mistletoe Galium verum—Lady’s Bedstraw Ficus pumila—Fig, Creeping Gaillardia pinnatifida - Blanketflower Ficus religiosa--Peepal Gardenia augusta --Gardenia Filaginella uliginosa--Cudweed Gardenia jasminoides—Jasmine, Cape Filipendula ulmaria --Meadowsweet Garcinia hanburyi--Gamboge Filipendula vulgaris – Dropwort Garcinia indica--Kokum Firmiana simplex—Parasol Tree, Chinese Garcinia subelliptica—Happiness Tree Fissipes acaulis – Nerve Root Garrya fremontii - Feverbrush Foeniculum vulgare--Fennel Gastrodia elata—Tien Ma Foeniculum vulgare ‘Rubrum’—Fennel, Gaultheria shallon—Salal Bronze Gaultheria procumbens--Wintergreen Fomes fomentarius --Amadou Gaura parviflora--Velvetweed Forestiera acuminate—Privet, Swamp Gaylussacia baccata—Huckleberry, Black Forsythia suspense—Weeping Forsythia Gaylussacia frondosa--Dangleberry Fouquieria splendens – Ocotillo Gelidium amansii--Agar Fragaria vesca—Strawberry, Wild Gelsemium sempervirens—Yellow Jessamine Fragaria virginiana—Strawberry, Virginia Gemmingia chinensis – Lily, Leopard Frangula alnus—Buckthorn, Alder Genista canariensis—Genista Frangula californica—Coffee Berry Genista tinctoria—Dyer’s Greenwood Frangula purshiana—Cascara Sagrada Gentiana campestris—Gentian, English Frankenia salina—Alkali Heath Gentiana longdancao –Gentian, Chinese Frasera speciosa - Cebadilla Gentiana lutea—Gentian Frasera caroliniensis – Colombo, American Gentiana macrophylla—Qin Jiao Fraxinus americana—Ash, White Gentiana parryi—Gentian, Blue Fraxinus excelsior---Ash Gentiana pneumonanthe – Gentian, Marsh Fritillaria affinis—Lily, Chocolate Gentiana scabra--Long Dan Cao Fritillaria camschatcensis—Northern Rice Gentiana villosa—Snakeroot, Sampson’s Root Gentianella amarelle – Felwort Fritillaria cirrhosa – Chuan Bei Mu Gentianella quinquefolia--Ague Weed Fritillaria imperialis—Lily, Crown Imperial Geocaulon lividum—False Toadflax Fritillaria meleagris – Fritillary Geranium caespitosum--Cranesbill Geranium macrorrhizum—Geranium, Bigroot Gutierrezia sarothrae—Broom Snakeroot Geranium maculatum—Cranesbill, American Gymnema silvestre - Gymnema Geranium molle – Geranium, Dove’s Foot Gymnocladus dioica—Kentucky Coffee Tree Geranium robertianum—Herb Robert Gynostemma pentaphyllum—Sweet Tea Vine Geum aleppicum—Avens, Aleut Gypsophila oldhamiana—Baby’s Breath, Geum canadense—Avens, Canadian Manchurian Geum montanum—Avens, Alpine Gypsophila paniculata---Baby’s Breath Geum rivale—Avens, Water Geum triflorum – Prairie Smoke Geum urbanum--Avens Hagenia abyssinica --Kousso Gigartina stellata—Carragheen Moss Halimione portulacoides—Sea Purslane Gillenia stipulata—Ipecac, American Halosaccion glandiforme—Sea Sac Gillenia trifoliata—Indian physic Hamamelis virginiana—Witch Hazel Ginkgo biloba—Ginkgo Hamelia patens—Red Head Glandularia bipinnatifida—Verbena, Dakota Hammarbya paludosa—Orchid, Green Fairy Glaucium flavum – Poppy, Yellow Horned Haplopappus baylahuen--Bailahuen Glechoma hederacea—Ground Ivy Harpagophytum procumbens—Devil’s Claw Glehnia littoralis—Bei Sha Shen Harungana madagascariensis-Haronga Gleditsia sinensis—Honey Locust, Chinese Hedeoma nana—Pennyroyal, Dwarf Gleditsia triacanthos—Honey Locust Hedeoma pulegioides—Pennyroyal, American Gliricidia sepium – Madre de Cacao Hedera helix—Ivy, English Globularia vulgaris--Globeflower Hedysarum alpinum – Indian Potato Glycine max--Soy Heimia salicifolia--Sinicuichi Glycyrrhiza glabra--Licorice Helenium amarum--Sneezeweed Glycyrrhiza lepidota—Licorice, Wild Helenium autumnale--Bitterweed Glycyrrhiza uralensis—Gan Cao Helenium hoopesii –Herb-of-the-Wolf Gnaphalium dioicum—Pussy Toes Helianthemum canadense--Frostweed Gnaphlium margaritaceum—Pearly Helianthemum nummularium--Sunrose Everlasting Helianthus annuus--Sunflower Gnaphalium uliginosum--Cudweed Helianthus divaricatus—Sunflower, Wild Goniostachyum graveolens –Mexican Oregano Helianthus strumosus—Sunflower, Woodland Goodyera pubescens – Plantain, Downy Helianthus tuberosus—Jerusalem Artichoke Rattlesnake Helichrysum angustifolium - Immortelle Gossypium barrbadensis--Cotton Helichrysum italicum--Immortelle Gossypium herbaceum--Cotton Helichrysum stoechas—Eternal Flower Gossypium hirsutum--Cotton Heliotropium arborescens – Heliotrope Gossypium thurberi – Cotton, Wild Heliotropium indicum – Scorpion’s Tail Gouania lupuloides--Chewsticks Helleborus nigra—Hellebore, Black Gratiola officinalis – Hedge Hyssop Helleborus viridis – Hellebore, Green Grindelia aphanactis – Yerba del Buey Hemerocallidaceae sp—Day Lily Grindelia camporum—Gumweed, Great Hemidesmus indicus—Sarsaparilla, Indian Valley Hepatica acutiloba--Liverleaf Grindelia nuda var. aphanactis—Yerba del Hepatica americana – Liverwort, Ker-Gawl Buey Hepatica nobilis—Liverwort, European Grindelia robusta – Grindelia Hepatica nobilis var. acuta—Liverleaf Guaiacum coulteri--Guayacan Hepatica nobilis var. obtuse—Liverwort, Ker Guaiacum officinale--Guaiacum -Gawl Guarea guidonia - Cocillana Heracleum hemsleyanum—Parsnip, Asian Guarea rusbyi--Cocillana Heracleum maximum—Cow Parsnip Heracleum spondylium--Hogweed Hypericum hypericoides—St Andrew’s Cross Herniaria glabra--Rupturewort Hypericum perforatum—St. John’s Wort Hesperis matronalis—Arugula Hypericum punctatum—Flux Weed Heuchera sp--Alumroot Hypochoeris maculata –Spotted Hawkweed Hexastylis arifolia – Heart Leaf Hypochoeris radicata—Cat’s Ear Hedyotis diffusa—Snake Needle Grass Hypoxis hirsute—Yellow Star Grass Hibiscus abelmoschus—Ambrette Seed Hypoxis rooperi—African Potato Hibiscus mutabilis—Rose, Cotton Hyptis emoryi—Desert Lavender Hibiscus rosa-sinensis--Hibiscus Hyptis suaveolens—Grapefruit Mint Bush Hibiscus sabdariffa--Roselle Hyptis verticillata—John Charles Hibiscus syriacus – Rose of Sharon Hyssop officinalis—Hyssop Hieracium pilosella—Mouse Ear Hieracium venosum—Rattlesnake Weed Iberis amara--Candytuft Hierochloe odorata—Sweet Grass Ibosa riparia--Iboza Hintonia latiflora --Copalquin Iboza riparia--Iboza Hippobroma longiflora—Star of Bethlehem Ilex aquifolium—Holly, European Hippomane mancinella--Manichineel Ilex cassine--Dahoon Hippophae rhamnoides—Sea Buckthorn Ilex glabra--Inkberry Hippuris vulgaris—Mare’s Tail, Common Ilex opaca—Holly, American Holarrhena antidysenterica--Kutaja Ilex paraguarensis—Yerba Maté Hoodia gordonii--Hoodia Ilex verticillata - Winterberry Hordeum vulgare--Barley Ilex vomitoria – Yaupon Hordeum jubatum—Barley, Foxtail Illiacium floridanum – Star Anise, Purple Hordeum murinum—Barley, Wall Illicium verum—Star Anise Hosta plantaginae—Hosta, Fragrant Impatiens balsamina—Feng Xien Hottonia palustris—Water Violet Impatiens capensis —Jewelweed Houttuynia cordata--Houttuynia Imperata cylindrical – Woollygrass Hudsonia tomentosa—Poverty Grass Imperatoria ostruthium--Masterwort Humulus lupulus--Hops Indigofera tinctoria—Indigo, True Huperzia serrata—Club Moss, Chinese Inonotus obliquus--Chaga Hyacinthoides nonscripta- Bluebells, English Inula britannica—Yellow Starwort Hyacinthus orientalis - Hyacinth Inula conyza—Ploughman’s Spikenard Hydnocarpus kurzii--Chaulmoogra Inula crithmoides—Samphire, Golden Hydrangea arborescens--Hydrangea Inula helenium--Elecampane Hydrangea macrophylla --Azisai Inula japonica—Xuan Fu Hua Hydrastis canadensis--Goldenseal Inula racemosa - Pushkarmoola Hydrocotyle asiatica—Gotu Kola Ipomoea aquatica—Spinach, Water Hydrocotyle vulgaris--Pennywort Ipomoea batatas –Sweet Potato Hydrophyllum capitatum--Waterleaf Ipomoea digitata --Vidari Hygrophila spinosa--Gokulakanta Ipomoea leptophylla—Morning Glory, Bush Hylocereus undatus—Dragon Head Fruit Ipomoea nil – Morning Glory, Blue Hylocomium splendens—Mountain Fern Moss Ipomoea orizabensis—Scammony Root Hylotelephium spectabile—Ice Plant Ipomoea pandurata – Potato Vine, Wild Hymenaea courbaril—Jatoba Ipomoea pes-caprae—Railroad Vine Hymenoxys hoopesii—Herb-of-the-Wolf Ipomoea purga--Jalap Hymenoxys richardsonii—Rubber Bush Ipomoea purpurea—Morning Glory Hyoscyamus aureus—Henbane, Yellow Ipomopsis aggregata--Skyrocket Hyoscyamus niger—Henbane Iresine diffusa—Juba’s Bush Hypericum crux-andreae—St Peter’s Wort Iris douglasiana-Iris, Douglas’s Iris foetidissima- Gladwin Lactuca biennis—Lettuce, Tall Blue Iris germanica—Iris, Flag Lactuca Canadensis—Lettuce, Canadian Iris germanica var. florentina --Orris Lactuca ludoviciana—Lettuce, Larkspur Iris pseudocorus – Iris, Yellow Lactuca tatarica var pulchella—Lettuce, Blue Iris setosa—Iris, Beachhead Lactuca serriola –Lettuce, Prickly ris versicolor—Flag, Blue Lactuca virosa— Lettuce, Wild Isatis indigotica – Woad, Chinese Lagerstroemia indica—Crepe Myrtle Isatis tinctoria—Woad Lagerstroemia speciosa--Banaba Isotoma longiflora—Star of Bethlehem Lagochilus inebrians –Mint, Intoxicating Ixora chinensis—Ixora, Chinese Lamiastrum galeobdolon—Yellow Archangel Laminaria japonica--Kombu Jacaranda procera--Caroba Lamium alba—Dead Nettle, White Jasione montana—Sheep’s Bit Lamium amplexicaule—Henbit Jasminum officinale--Jasmine Lamium galeobdolon—Yellow Archangel Jasminum sambac--Jasmine Lamium purpureum—Dead Nettle, Red Jasonia glutinosa—Rock’s Tea Languas galanga— Galangal, Greater Jateorhiza calumba--Colombo Languas officinarum—Galangal, Lesser Jateorhiza miersii--Colombo Lantana camara – Lantana Jateorhiza palmate--Calumba Laportea canadensis – Nettle, Wood Jatropha curcas—Physic Nut Lapsana communis - Nipplewort Jatropha dioica--Leatherstem Larix decidua--Larch Jeffersonia diphylla--Jeffersonia Larix laricina—Larix, American Juglans cinerea--Butternut Larrea tridentate--Chaparral Juglans major—Walnut, Arizona Lathyrus japonicus – Beach Pea Juglans nigra—Walnut, Black Laurus nobilis--Bay Juglans regia—Walnut, English Lavandula spp--Lavender Juniperus ashei—Cedarwood, Texas Lawsonia inermis--Henna Juniperus chinensis—Juniper, Chinese Layia platyglossa—Tidy Tips Juniperus communis--Juniper Ledebouriella divericatae—Fang Feng Juniperus oxycedrus—Juniper, Cade Ledebouriella seseloides—Laserwort Juniperus sabina--Savine Ledum groenlandicum—Labrador Tea Juniperus virginiana—Cedar, Red Ledum palustre—Rosemary, Wild Justicia adhatoda—Malabar Nut Leea guineensis--Okatakyi Lemna minor – Duckweed, Lesser Kaempferia galanga—Galangal, Kemperia Lemna trisulca – Duckweed, Star Kalanchoe pinnata- Resurrection Plant Lens phaseoloides—Matchbox Bean Kallstroemia grandiflora--Caltrop Leonotis leonurus—Lion’s Tail Kalmia angustifolia – Laurel, Sheep Leonotis nepetifolia –Lion’s Ear Kalmia latifolia—Laurel, Mountain Leontopodium alpinum--Edelweiss Kalmia polifolia—Laurel, Bog Leonurus cardiaca-- Motherwort Kickxia elatine--Fluellin Lepidium apetalum--Peppergrass Knautia arvensis—Field Scabious Lepidium latifolium--Dittander Kochia scoparia--Kochia Lepidium meyenii--Maca Krameria lanceolata—Rhatany Lepidium sativum—Cress, Garden Krugiodendron ferreum—Ax Master Lepidium virginicum--Peppergrass Lespedeza capitata--Lespedeza Lablab purpureus –Hyacinth Bean Lespedeza cuneata—Clover, Round Headed Laburnum anagyroides - Laburnum Bush Lachnanthes tinctoria – Spirit Plant Leucanthemum vulgare—Daisy, Oxeye Leucas aspera--Thumbai Lithospermum officinale--Gromwell Leucojum vernum - Snowflake Litsea cubeba—Litsea cubeba Leucophyllum frutescens—Sage, Purple Lobaria pulmonaria—Tree Lungwort Leuzea carthamoides - Maralroot Lobelia cardinalis—Cardinal Flower Levisticum officinale—Lovage Lobelia chinensis—Lobelia, Chinese Lewisia rediviva – Bitter Root Lobelia dortmanna – Lobelia, Water Liatris odoratissima--Deerstongue Lobelia inflata—Lobelia Liatris spicata - Gayfeather Lobelia siphilitica—Lobelia, Great Ligusticum levisticum--Lovage Loiseleuria procumbens – Azalea, Alpine Ligusticum porteri--Osha Lolium temulentum--Darnel Ligusticum scoticum—Sea Parsley Lomatium cous – Cous Biscuit Root Ligusticum sinense – Lovage, Chinese Lomatium dissectum—Lomatium Ligusticum tenuifolium--Loveroot Lomatium nudicaule—Pestle Parsnip Ligusticum wallichii—Chuan Xiong Lonicera caprifolium--Honeysuckle Ligustrum lucidum – Privet, Chinese Lonicera involucrata--Twinberry Ligustrum ovalifolium—Privet, California Lonicera japonica—Honeysuckle Ligustrum vulgare--Privet Lonicera periclymenum – Honeysuckle, Lilium candidum – Lily, Madonna Perfoliate Lilium philadelphicum – Lily, Wood Lonicera villosa – Honeysuckle, Swamp Lilium pudicum—Yellow Bells Lophatheri gracilis—Dan Zhu Ye Lilium superbum—Lily, Swamp Loropetalum chinense—Lacquer Tree Limnophila aromatica—Rice Paddy Herb Lotus corniculatus—Bird’s Foot Trefoil Limonia acidissima—Wood Apple Luffa cylindrical--Loofah Limonium carolinianum – Rosemary, Marsh Luma chequen - Cheken Linaria elatine--Fluellin Lunaria annua – Money Plant Linaria vulgaris—Flax Dodder Lupinus albus—Lupine, White Lindera benzoin—Allspice, Wild Lupinus arboreus—Lupine, Tree Lindera strychnifolia—Spicebush, Japanese Lupinus perennis—Lupine, Wild Evergreen Lychnis coronaria--Campion Linum catharticum – Flax, Mountain Lycium barbarum—Box Thorn Linum perenne – Flax, Perennial Lycium chinense—Wolfberry, Chinese Linum usitatissimum--Flax Lycium pallidum – Wolfberry, Desert Lippia alba – Anise Verbena Lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum- Lippia citriodora—Lemon Verbena Tomato Lippia dulcis—Aztec Sweet Herb Lycopodium clavatum—Club Moss, Common Lippia graveolens—Mexican Oregano Lycopodium complanatum—Ground Cedar Liquidambar orientalis--Storax Lycopus europaeus—Gypsywort Liquidambar styraciflua--Sweetgum Lycopus lucidus--Bugleweed, Rough Liriodendron tulipifera—Poplar, Yellow Lycopus virginicus—Bugleweed Liriope muscari—Lilyturf, Big Blue Lycoris radiate—Lily, Spider Liriope spicata—Lilyturf, Creeping Lygodium venustum – Wire Wis Liriosma ovata—Muira Puama Lysichiton americanum—Swamp Cabbage Listera borealis—Twayblade, Northern Lysimachia christinae—Jin Qian Cao Listera cordata –Tundra Twayblade Lysimachia nummularia--Moneywort Lithospermum erythrorhizon—Zi Cao Lysimachia quadrifolia—Loosestrife, Whorled Lithospermum canescens—Hoary Puccoon Lysimachia vulgaris—Loosestrife, Garden Lithospermum incisum—Gromwell, Fringed Lythrum salicaria—Loosestrife, Purple

Macleaya cordata—Poppy, Plume Maclura pomifera—Orange, Osage Medeola virginiana—Cucumber Root Macrotyloma uniflorum--Kulith Medicago lupulina—Black Medick Madhuca longifolia—Butter Tree Medicago sativa--Alfalfa Magnolia acuminata—Cucumber Tree Melaleuca alternifolia—Tea Tree Magnolia liliflora—Magnolia (Xin Yi) Melaleuca cajuputi--Cajeput Magnolia officinalis—Magnolia (Hou Po) Melaleuca leucadendron—Cajeput Magnolia quinquepeta – Magnolia (Xin Yi) Melaleuca quinquenervia--Niaouli Magnolia virginiana—Magnolia, Sweetbay Melaleuca viridiflora—Niaouli Mahonia aquifolium –Oregon Grape Melia azedarach--Chinaberry Mahonia bealei—Barberry, Japanese Melia azedarachta--Neem Mahonia trifoliolata—Barberry, Mexican Melilotus alba—Melilot, White Maianthemum canadense-Mayflower, Canada Melilotus officinalis --Melilot Maianthemum racemosum ssp. Melissa officinalis—Lemon Balm racemosum—Solomon Seal, False Melittis melissophylum – Bastard Balm Majorana hortensis—Marjoram, Sweet Menispermum canadense--Moonseed Majorana sylvestre—Thyme, Mastic Menispermum crispum--Makabuhai Mallotus philippensis – Indian Kamila Mentha aquatica—Mint, Water Malpighia glabra - Acerola Mentha arvensis—Mint, Corn Malus spp—Apple Mentha arvensis x piperascens—Mint, Malus fusca – Apple, Oregon Crab Japanese Malus pumila – Apple, Paradise Mentha australis—Mint, River Malus sylvestris—Apple, Crab Mentha cervina—Pennyroyal, Hart’s Malva moschata—Mallow, Musk Mentha diemenica—Mint, Maori Malva neglecta—Mallow, Dwarf Mentha haplocalyx—Mint, Haplacalyx Malva parviflora—Mallow, Little Mentha longifolia—Mint, Habek Malva sylvestris—Mallow, Common Mentha nemorosa—Mint, Cuban Malva verticillata—Dong Kui Zi Mentha pulegium—Pennyroyal, European Mammea americana--Mamey Mentha rotundifolia—Mint, Apple Mandragora officinarum—Mandrake Mentha satureioides—Pennyroyal, Native Manfreda virginica- Aloe, False Mentha spicata--Spearmint Mangifera indica - Mango Mentha suaveolens—Mint, Apple Manihot esculenta--Manioc Mentha spp--Mints Manikara zapota—Sapodilla Mentha x gracilis – Mint, Ginger Mansoa alliacea—Ajos Sacha Mentha x piperita--Peppermint Maranta arundinacea –Arrowroot Mentha x piperita f citrata—Mint, Eau de Marah fabaceus--Bigroot Cologne Marchantia polymorpha— Mentha x villosa var villosa—Mint, Cuban Liverwort, Common Mentzelia albicaulis—Blazing Star Marrubium vulgare--Horehound Menyanthes trifoliate--Bogbean Marsdenia condurango --Condurango Mercurialis annua—Herb Mercury Matricaria matricariodes—Pineapple Weed Mercurialis perennis—Dog’s Mercury Matricaria recutita—Chamomile, German Mertensia ciliate – Mountain Bell Matricaria chamomilla—Chamomile, German Mertensia maritime – Oysterleaf Matteuccia struthiopteris – Ostrich Fern Mespilus germanica - Medlar Maytenus ilicifolia--Cancrosa Meum athamanticum - Spignel Maytenus krukovii--Chuchuhuasha Michelia champaca – Golden Champa Meconopsis horridula—Poppy, Tibetan Micromeria fruticosa—Zuta Levana Micromeria juliana – Linear-leaved Savory Micromeria spicata—Mint, Roman Mikania amara--Guaco Myroxylon balsamum var balsamum-Tolu Milicia excelsa --Iroko Balsam Millettia reticulata—Ji Xue Teng Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae—Peruvian Mimosa hostilis--Jurema Balsam Mimosa pudica—Twelve O’Clock Myroxylon pereirae—Peruvian Balsam Mimulus guttatis—Monkeyflower Myrrhis odorata—Sweet Cicely Mimusops elengi - Bakula Myrtus cheken--Cheken Mirabilis jalapa--Marvel-of-Peru Myrtus communis--Myrtle Mirabilis multiflora—Colorado Four O’Clock Mitchella repens—Partridge Berry Nabalus albus –Lettuce, White Mitella dipylla – Coolwort Nabalus serpentaria – Canker Weed Mitragyna speciosa--Kratom Nandina domestica—Bamboo, Sacred Moehringia lateriflora—Grove Sandwort Narcissus pseudonarcissus--Daffodil Mollugo verticillata—Carpet Weed Nardostachys jatamansi--Spikenard Molucella laevis—Bells of Ireland Nashia inaguensis –Moujean Tea Momardica grosvenori—Luo Han Quo Nasturtium officinale—Watercress Momordica charantia--Cerasee Nectandra coto--Coto Momordica cochinchinensis--Gac Nectandra rodioei (rodiei)—Beebeeru Bark Momordica elateria—Squirting Cucumber Nelumbo lutea –Lotus, American Monarda fistulosa—Bergamot, Wild Nelumbo nucifera—Lotus Monarda didyma--Bergamot Nelumbium speciosum--Lotus Monarda punctata--Horsemint Nepeta cataria—Catnip Monardella odoratissima—Mint, Coyote Nepeta hederacia—Ground Ivy Moneses uniflora –Single Delight Nepeta sibthorpii--Catmint Monotropa uniflora—Indian Pipe Nerium oleander--Oleander Monsonia ovata--Monsonia Nicandra physaloides—Shoo Fly Montia perfoliata—Lettuce, Miner’s Nicotiana alata—Tobacco, Flowering Morinda citrifolia—Mulberry, Indian Nicotiana rustica – Tobacco, Wild Morinda officinalis—Ba Ji Tien Nicotiana tabacum--Tobacco Morinda tinctoria--Aal Nigella damascena – Love-in-a-Mist Moringa oleifera--Drumstick Nigella sativa--Nigella Moringa peregrine—Drumstick Tree Notopterygium incisium—Qiang Huo Morus alba—Mulberry, White Nuphar lutea ssp advena – Spatterdock Morus nigra—Mulberry, Black Nuphar lutea – Water Lily, Yellow Morus rubra—Mulberry, Red Nymphaea alba—Water Lily, White Mucuna pruriens—Bean, Velvet Nymphaea caerules—Lotus, Blue Murraya koenigii—Curry Leaf Nymphaea lotus – Lotus, Egyptian Musa paradisiacal--Banana Nymphaea odorata—Water Lily, Fragrant Muscari racemonsum – Hyacinth, Grape Nyssa aquatica--Tupelo Myosotis alpestris—Forget-Me-Not, Alpine Nyssa sylvatica—Tupelo, Black Myosotis asiatica—Forget-Me-Not, Alpine Myosotis scorpioides—Forget-Me-Not Myrica cerifera--Bayberry Ocimum basilicum—Basil Myrica gale—Bog Myrtle Ocimum basilicum 'Cinnamon'—Basil, Myristica fragrans—Mace/Nutmeg Cinnamon Myrocarpus fastigiatus--Cabreuva Ocimum basilicum var ‘Siam Queen’—Basil, Thai Ocimum kilimandscharicum--Basil, Kilamenjaro Ocimum sanctum—Basil, Holy Osmunda cinnamonea – Cinnamon Fern Ocimum tenuiflorum—Basil, Holy Osmunda regalis—Royal Fern Oclemena nemoralis –Aster, Bog Ostrya virginiana—Eastern Hophornbeam Oenanthe aquatica—Water Fennel Oxalis acetosella – Wood Sorrel Oenanthe crocata—Dropwort, Water Oxalis montana—Wood Sorrel, Mountain Oenanthe javanica --Rau Can Oxalis stricta –Wood Sorrel, Yellow Oenothera biennis—Evening Primrose Oxalis violacea—Wood Sorrel, Violet Oldenlandia diffusa—Snake Needle Grass Oxedendrum arboreum--Sourwood Olea europaea--Olive Oxyria digyna—Sorrel, Mountain Olneya tesota—Ironwood, Desert Oncidium cebolleta – Orchid, Hikuri Pachira aquatica—Chestnut, Malabar Ononis campestris—Rest Harrow Pachyrhizhus tuberosus--Jicama Ononis spinosa—Rest Harrow Packera aurea--Liferoot Onopordum acanthium – Thistle, Cotton Paederia foetida—Skunk Vine Oplopanax horridum—Devil’s Club Paeonia lactiflora—Peony, Chinese Operculina turpethum- Turpeth Paeonia moutan—Peony, Tree Ophelia chirata--Chiretta Paeonia officinalis--Peony Ophioglossum vulgatum—Adder’s Tongue, Paeonia suffruticosa – Peony, Tree English Palmaria palmate - Dulse Ophiopogon japonicus – Mondo Grass Panax ginseng--Ginseng Opuntia basilaris--Beavertail Panax quinquefolium—Ginseng, American Opuntia compressa—Indian Fig Panax pseudo-ginseng—Ginseng, Tienchi Opuntia fulgida—Chain Fruit Cholla Pancratium maritimum—Daffodil, Sea Opuntia leptocaulis--Tasajillo Pandanus odoratissimus—Screwpine Opuntia phaeacantha—Prickly Pear, Desert Papaver bracteatum—Poppy, Iranian Orchis mascula—Salep Papaver rhoeas—Poppy, Corn Orchis militaris – Orchid, Military Papaver somniferum--Poppy Orchis morio –Orchid, Green-winged Parietaria judaica—Basil-Leaved Parietaria Origanum dictamnus—Dittany of Crete Parietaria officinalis—Pellitory-of-the-Wall Origanum heracleoticum - Oregano, Greek Paris polyphylla—Tsao Hsiu Origanum majorana— Marjoram, Sweet Paris quadrifolia – Herb Paris Origanum onites – Marjoram, Pot Parkinsonia aculeate—Jerusalem Thorn Origanum syriacum – Oregano, Syrian Parkinsonia microphylla—Palo Verde Origanum vulgare ssp hirtum – Oregano, Parmelia saxatilis—Crotal Greek Parnassia palustris—Grass of Parnassus Origanum vulgare subsp vulgare—Oregano Parthenium incanum--Mariola Origanum x majoricum—Oregano, Italian Parthenocissus quinquefolia –Ivy, American Ormenis mixta—Chamomile, Maroc Passiflora incarnata—Passion Flower Ormenis multicaulis—Chamomile, Maroc Pastinaca sativa - Parsnip Ornithogalum umbellatum—Dove’s Dung Patrinia scabiosifolia—Patrinia, Scabious Orobanche ammophyla--Broomrape Patrinia villosa—Patrinia, White Orobanche uniflora—Broomrape, Naked Paullinia cupana)—Guarana Orthilia secunda—Wintergreen, One-Sided Paullinia tomentosa—Skipping Rope Vine Orthosiphon aristatus—Java Tea Pausinystalia yohimbe--Yohimbe Orthosiphon stamineus – Java Tea Pedicularis canadensis – Lousewort, Oryctanthus occidentalis—God Bush Common Oryza sativa – Rice Pedicularis groenlandica—Elephanthead Osmorhiza occidentalis—Sweet Root Pedicularis kanei – Lousewort, Woolly Osmorhiza longistylis – Anise Root Pedicularis palustris—Lousewort, Marsh Pedicularis resupinata--Lousewort Phoradendron flavescens—Mistletoe, Pediomelum esculentum –Prairie Turnip American Peganum harmala—Rue, Syrian Phoradendron leucarpum—Mistletoe, Pelaea atropurpurea - Rockbrake American Pelargonium spp—Geraniums, Scented Phoradendron juniperinum—Mistletoe, Pelargonium sidoides--Umckaloabo Juniper Pelecyphora aselliformis—Peyotillo Phoradendron piperoides - Matapal Peltandra sagittifolia—Arum, White Arrow Photinia pyrifolia—Red Chokecherry Peltigera canina—Dog Lichen Phragmites australis – Reed Grass Penstemon grandiflorus—Beardstongue, Phragmites communis—Reed Grass Large Phyla scaberrima—Aztec Sweet Herb Pentaglottis sempervirens – Alkanet, Green Phyllanthus amarus-- Bhumyamalaki Peperomia pellucida—Crab Claw Herb Phyllanthus emblica—Gooseberry, Indian Pergularia extensa--Pergularia Phyllanthus liebmannianus – Baby’s Tears Perideridia gairdneri-Yampa Phyllanthus niruri—Chanka Piedra Perilla frutescens--Perilla Phyllitis scolopendrium—Harts Tongue Fern Periploca sepium—Chinese Silk Vine Physalis alkekengi –Chinese Lantern Peristrophe roxburghiana –Magenta Plant Physalis heterophylla—Clammy Ground Pernambuco jaborandi - Jaborandi Cherry Pernettya furens—Hierba loca Physalis ixocarpa--Tomatillo Perovskia atriplicifolia – Sage, Russian Physalis peruviana—Gooseberry, Cape Persea americana – Avocado Physalis philadelphica var immaculate- Persea borbonia –Bay, Red -Tomatillo Persicaria bistorta--Bistort Physalis pruinosa—Strawberry Tomato Persicaria odorata—Rau Ram Physalis pubescens var integrifolia Petalostemum purpureum –Clover, Velvet —Strawberry Tomato Prairie Physostigma venenosum—Calabar Bean Petasites hybridus --Butterbur Phytolacca americana--Pokeweed Petasites palmatus—Coltsfoot, Sweet Picea abies—Spruce, Norway Petiveria alliacea—Guinea Hen Weed Picea glauca—Spruce, White Petroselinum crispum --Parsley Picea mariana—Spruce, Black Petunia violaceae--Shanin Picea rubens – Spruce, Red Peucedanum officinale—Hog’s Fennel Picrasma excelsa—Bitter Ash Peucedanum ostruthium--Masterwort Picris echioides – Bristly Ox Tongue Peumus boldo--Boldo Picrorhiza kurroa – Picrorhiza Pfaffia paniculata--Suma Picrorhiza scrophulariaeflora—Hu Hung Lian Phacelia tanacetifolia—Phacelia, Lacy Pilocarpus jaborandi - Jaborandi Pharbitis nil—Morning Glory, Blue Pilocarpus pennatifolius - Jaborandi Pharbitus purpurea—Morning Glory Pilosella officinarum—Mouse Ear Phaseolus coccineus— Bean, Runner Pimenta acris—Bay Rum Phaseolus vulgaris—Bean, French Pimenta dioica—Allspice Phellodendron amurense-Amur Cork Tree Pimenta racemosa—Bay Rum Philonotis fontana—Aquatic Apple Moss Pimpinella anisum--Anise Phlebodium decumanum—Bear Paw Fern Pimpinella major—Greater Burnet Saxifrage Phleum pretense--Timothy Pimpinella saxifraga—Pimpernel Phlomis fruticosa—Sage, Jerusalem Pinellia ternata—Ban Xia Phlox drummondii -Phlox Pinguicula villosa—Butterwort, Hairy Phoenix dactylifera--Date Pinguicula vulgaris--Butterwort Pinus palustris – Pine, Longleaf Pinus pumila— Pine, Siberian Dwarf Polygala amara – Milkwort, Bitter Pinus strobes – Pine, White Polygala paucifolia—Milkwort, Fringed Pinus sylvestris—Pine, Scots Polygala senega—Snakeroot, Seneca Pinus taeda – Pine, Loblolly Polygala tenuifolia—Yuan Zhi Pinus tabulaeformis—Pine, Chinese Polygala vulgaris--Milkwort Piper amalago—Pepper, Rough-Leaved Polygonatum biflorum – Solomon’s Seal, Piper angustifolium - Matico Small Piper auritum—Hoja Santa Polygonatum cirrhifolium—Solomon’s Seal, Piper betle--Betel King Piper cubeba—Cubeb Polygonatum multiflorum—Solomon’s Seal Piper kadsura—Pepper, Japanese Black Polygonatum odoratum – Solomon’s Seal, Piper lolot—La Lot Angular Piper longum—Pepper, Long Polygonum alaskanum—Rhubarb, Wild Piper methysticum—Kava Kava Alaskan Piper nigrum—Pepper Polygonum alpinum—Rhubarb, Alaska Wild Piscidia erythrina – Dogwood, Jamaican Polygonum amphibium—Willow Grass Piscidia piscipula—Dogwood, Jamaican Polygonum amphibium var. emersum Pistacia lentiscus--Mastic —Smartweed, Swamp Pistacia terebinthus-Turpentine Tree Polygonum aviculare—Knotgrass, Common Pistacia vera--Pistacio Polygonum bistorta--Bistort Pisum sativum - Pea Polygonum cuspidatum –Knotweed, Japanese Plantago alpine –Plantain, Alpine Polygonum erectum - Knotgrass Plantago asiatica—Plantain, Asian Polygonum hydropiper--Smartweed Plantago coronopis—Herba Stella Polygonum lapathifolium – Pale Persicaria Plantago crassifolia – Goose’s Tongue Polygonum multiflorum—Fo-Ti Plantago helleri – Plantain, Heller’s Polygonum odorata—Rau Ram Plantago lanceolata – Plantain, Ribwort Polygonum persicaria—Lady’s Thumb Plantago major –Plantain, Greater Polymnia sonchifolia--Yacon Plantago psyllium--Psyllium Polymnia uvedalia –Bearsfoot, American Platanthera dilatata—Orchid, White Bog Polypodium vulgare—Polypody Platanthera obtusata –Orchid, Green Bog Polystichum acrostichoides—Christmas Fern Platycladus orientalis—Bai Zi Ren Polytrichum commune – Hairy Cap Moss, Platycodon grandiflorum—Balloon Flower Common Plectranthus amboinicus –Oregano, Cuban Polytrichum juniperinum – Haircap Moss Plectranthus barbatus—Coleus Pomaderris kumarahu--Kumarahu Plectranthus purpuratus—Vick’s Plant Poncirus trifoliata—Orange, Bitter Pluchea odorata –Sweet Scent Pongamia pinnata—Pongam Tree Plumbago europaea--Leadwort Pontederia cordata--Pickerelweed Plumbago zeylanica—Leadwort, Ceylon Populus alba—Poplar, White Plumeria rubra – Frangipani Populus angustifolia – Poplar, Narrowleaf Pneumaria maritime – Oysterleaf Populus balsamifera—Poplar, Balsam Podophyllum hexandrum –MayApple, Populus balsamifera ssp. balsamifera Himalayan —Poplar, Balsam Podophyllum peltatum--Mayapple Populus candicans—Poplar, Balsam Pogostemom cablin--Patchouli Populus deltoides--Cottonwood Polemonium caeruleum –Jacob’s Ladder Populus deltoides ssp monilifera Polemonium reptans—Abscess Root —Cottonwood, Plains Poliomintha longiflora—Mexican Oregano Populus deltoides wislizenii—Cottonwood, Polianthes tuberosa--Tuberose Valley Populus grandidenta—Aspen, Large Toothed Quercus gambelii—Oak, Shin Populus nigra—Poplar, Black Quercus robur—Oak, English Populus tremuloides—Aspen, Quaking Quercus petraea – Oak, Sessile Populus trichocarpa—Cottonwood, Black Quercus rubra – Oak, Red Poria cocos –Indian Bread Quercus sessiliflora –Oak, Sessile Porophyllum ruderale--Papalo Quercus velutina – Oak, Black Porphyra perforate - Laver Quercus virginiana – Oak, Live Porteranthus stipulatus—Ipecac, American Quillaja saponaria—Soap Tree Porteranthus trifoliatus—Indian Physic Quisqualis indica—Shi Jun Zi Portulaca oleracea--Purslane Postelsia palmaeformis – Palm, Sea Rabdosia rubescens--Rabdosia Potamogeton crispus—Water Weed, Curly Ranunculus acris – Buttercup, Meadow Potamageton natans—Pondweed, Floating Ranunculus aquatilis –Crowfoot, Water Potentilla anserina—Silverweed Ranunculus bulbosus—Buttercup, Bulbous Potentilla aurea—Potentilla, Golden Ranunculus ficaria— Celandine, Lesser Potentilla canadensis--Cinquefoil Ranunculus pennsylvanicus- Crowfoot, Potentilla erecta--Tormentil Bristly Potentilla fruticosa--Teabush Ranunculus repens—Buttercup, Creeping Potentilla palustris – Marsh Fivefinger Meadow Potentilla reptans--Cinquefoil Ranunculus sceleratus—Crowfoot, Cursed Potentilla tormentilla--Tormentil Raphanus sativus--Radish Poterium sanguisorba – Burnet, Salad Raphanus sativus niger—Radish, Spanish Prenanthes alba—Lettuce, White Ratibida columnifera – Coneflower, Prairie Primula elatior – Oxlip Rauvolfia serpentina--Serpentwood Primula officinalis--Cowslip Rehmannia glutinosa—Gan Di Huang Primula parryi – Parry’s Primrose Reseda luteola--Weld Primula veris--Cowslip Reseda odorata--Mignonette Primula vulgaris--Primrose Rhamnus californica—Coffee Berry Priva lappulacea--Mosote Rhamnus catharticus--Buckthorn Prosopis glandulosa—Mesquite, Honey Rhamnus frangula— Buckthorn, Alder Prosopis julifera - Mesquite Rhamnus purshiana—Cascara Sagrada Prostanthera rotundifolia – Mint Bush Rhamnus carolinianus—Cherry, Indian Protea cynaroides—King Protea Rheum officinale—Rhubarb Protium copal--Copal Rheum palmatum—Rhubarb, Chinese Prunella vulgaris—Self-Heal Rheum palmatum var tanguticum—Da Prunus amygdalis - Almond Huang Prunus armeniaca--Apricot Rheum rhaponticum – Rhubarb, False Prunus avium—Cherry, Sweet Rhexia virginica—Meadow Beauty Prunus cerasoides – Cherry, Dwarf Rhinanthus minor – Yellow Rattle Prunus communis--Almond Rhipogonum scandens - Supplejack Pyrrosia lingua----Tongue Fern Rhizophora mangle—Red Mangrove Pyrularia pubera—Nut, Buffalo Rhodiola rhodantha –Queen’s Crown Pyrus aucuparia—Rowan Rhodiola rosea—Roseroot Pyrus communis--Pear Rhodymenia palmate(a)--Dulse Pyrus cydonia--Quince Rhodobryum ontariense—Rose Moss Rhododendron aureum - Rosebay Quercus alba—Oak, White Rhododendron calendulaceum— Azalea, Quercus coccifera—Oak, Kermes Flame Quercus douglasii—Oak, Blue Rhododendron chrysanthum - Rosebay Rhododendron indicum--Rhododendron Rumex hymenosepalus--Canaigre Rhoeo discolor—Oyster Herb Rumex japonicus—Dock, Japanese Rhus aromatica—Sumach, Sweet Rumex obtusifolius—Dock, Bitter Rhus chinensis – Sumac, Chinese Rumex patientia—Herb Patience Rhus copallina—Sumac, Dwarf Rumex sanguineus—Dock, Bloody Rhus coriaria--Sumac Rumex scutatus—Sorrel, Buckler Leaf Rhus glabra—Sumac, Smooth Rungia klossii—Mushroom Plant Rhus radicans--Poison Ivy Ruscus aculeatus—Butcher’s Broom Rhus trilobata--Squawbush Ruta chalapensis – Rue, Egyptian Ribes bracteosum—Currant, Stink Ruta graveolens--Rue Ribes glandulosum—Currant, Skunk Ribes nigrum –Blackcurrant Sabal minor—Bush Palmetto Ribes triste – Currant, Red Sabatia angularis—Centaury, American Ribes uva-crispa—Gooseberry Sagina procumbens—Pearlwort, Common Ricinodendron rautanenii—Manketti Tree Sagittaria cuneata--Wapato Ricinus communis—Castor Oil Plant Sagittaria latifolia—Duck Potato Rivea corymbosa--Ololuiqui Salicornia europaea—Samphire, Marsh Robinia hispida—Rose acacia Salicornia maritime—Samphire, Marsh Robinia neomexicana – Locust, New Mexico Salix alba—Willow, White Robinia pseudoacacia –Locust, Black Salix arctica—Willow, Arctic Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum--Watercress Salix bebbiana—Willow, Beak Rosa acicularis—Rose, Prickly Wild Salix exigua – Willow, Coyote Rosa canina – Rose, Dog Salix nigra—Willow, Black Rosa damascena, R. gallica, R. rugosa--Rose Salix purpurea—Willow, Purple Rosa laevigata – Rose, Cherokee Salsola collina—Thistle, Russian Rosa rubiginosa—Rose, Eglantine Salsola kali - Saltwort Rosemarinus officinalis--Rosemary Salvadora persica—Toothbrush Tree Rubia cordifolia—Madder, Indian Salvia apiana—Sage, White Rubia tinctorium—Madder Salvia clevelandii—Sage, Cleveland Rubus caesius--Dewberry Salvia discolor—Sage, Peruvian Rubus chamaemorus – Cloudberry Salvia divinorum—Sage, Diviner’s Rubus chingii—Fu Pen Zi Salvia elegans-Sage, Pineapple Rubus coreanus – Raspberry, Chinese Salvia fruticosa – Sage, Greek Rubus fructicosus--Blackberry Salvia haematodes—Red Behen Rubus idaeus—Raspberry Salvia horminum- Sage, Painted Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus- Red Raspberry, Salvia lavandulifolia – Sage, Spanish American Salvia miltiorrhiza – Sage, Red Rubus leucodermin – Blackcap Salvia officinalis--Sage Rubus parviflorus – Thimbleberry Salvia pomifera – Sage, Apple Rubus spectabilis - Salmonberry Salvia reflexa--Mintweed Rubus trivialis—Dewberry, Southern Salvia sclarea—Sage, Clary Rudbeckia laciniata – Golden Glow Salvia verbenaca—Sage, Wild Clary Rudbeckia hirta--Coneflower Salvia viridis----Sage, Painted Rumex acetosa.—Sorrel Sambucus canadensis – Elder, American Rumex acetosella—Sorrel, Sheep’s Sambucus edulis – Danewort Rumex alpinus – Dock, Alpine Sambucus mexicana—Elder, Mexican Rumex aquaticus—Dock, Water Sambucus nigra - Elder Rumex crispus--Dock, Yellow Sambucus nigra ssp. cerulean—Elder, Rumex digyna—Sorrel, Mountain Blueberry Sanguinaria canadensis--Bloodroot Schizophragma integrifolium—Hydrangea, Sanguisorba minor—Burnet, Salad Climbing Sanguisorba officinalis—Burnet, Greater Schoenocaulon officinale--Sabadilla Sanguisorba stipulate—Burnet, Sitka Sclerotium cocus—Indian Bread Sanicula europaea--Sanicle Scolymus hispanicus—Salsify, Spanish Sanicula marilandica – Snakeroot, Black Scopolia carniolica--Scopolia Sansevieria trifasciata – Snake Plant Scorzonera hispanica – Salsify, Spanish Santalum album—Sandalwood Scrophularia aquatica—Betony, Water Santolina chamaecyparissus—Cotton Scrophularia marilandica – Carpenter’s Lavender Square Santolina incana—Cotton Lavender Scrophularia ningpoensis—Figwort, Ningpo Sanvitalia abertii--Sanvitalia Scrophularia nodosa--Figwort Sapindus drummondii—Soapberry, Western Scrophularia umbrosa—Betony, Water Sapindus trifoliatus – Soap Nut Scutellaria baicalensis—Scullcap, Baical Saponaria officinalis--Soapwort Scutellaria barbata—Scullcap, Baical Saposnikovia divaricata - Laserwort Scutellaria galericulata—Skullcap, Common Saraca asoca – Asoka Scutellaria laterifolia—Skullcap, Virginia Sarcobatus vermiculatus--Greasewood Securigera veria—Crown Vetch Sarcopoterium spinosum – Thorny Burnet Selenicereus grandiflorus—Night Blooming Sargassum fusiforme—Hai Zao Cereus Sarothamnus scoparius—Broom, Scotch Sedum acre—Stonecrop, Biting Sarracenia purpurea – Pitcher Plant Sedum album—Stonecrop, White Sassafras albidum--Sassafras Sedum debile--Orpine Satureja capitata—Oregano, Spanish Sedum lanceolatum – Stonecrop, Spearleaf Satureja douglasii—Yerba Buena Sedum purpureum—Live Forever Satureja hortensis—Savory, Summer Sedum rhodanthum--Queen’s Crown Satureja montana—Savory, Winter Sedum rosea--Roseroot Satureja nepeta--Nepitella Sedum reflexum –Sedum, Stonecrop Satureja spicigera – Savory, Creeping Sedum spectabile – Ice Plant Satureja thymbra – Savory, Thyme-Leaved Selaginella doederleinii—Cakar Avan Satureja vulgaris—Basil, Wild Sempervivum tectorum—Hens and Chickens Sauropus androgynus—Sweet Leaf Bush Senecio aureus—Life Root Saururus cernuus – Lizard’s Tail Senecio bicolor ssp cineraria—Dusty Miller Saussurea lappa--Costus Senecio jacobaea--Ragwort Saxifraga micranthidifolia—Lettuce, Senecio maritimus—Dusty Miller Mountain Senecio vulgaris—Groundsel, Common Saxifraga stolonifera – Mother of thousands Senna alata—Piss a Bed Scabiosa arvensis -Field Scabious Senna alexandrina--Senna Scabiosa columbaria – Field Scabious, Lesser Senna grandis—Stinking Toe Scabiosa succisa—Devil’s Bit Senna ligustrina – Wild Coffee Sceletium tortuosum --Sceletium Senna marilandica—Senna, Wild Schinus molle—Peppertree, California Senna occidentalis-Yama Bush Schinus terebinthifolius—Peppercorn, Pink Sericia lespedeza—Clover, Round Headed Schinziophyton rautanenii—Manketti Tree Bush Schisandra chinensis – Schisandra Serenoa repens—Saw Palmetto Schizonepeta tennuifolia—Jing Jie Sesamum indicum--Sesame Sesbania drummondii –Rattle Box Solanum eleagnifolium—Nettle, Bull Setaria viridis—Green Bristle Grass Solanum khasianum – Nightshade, Indian Shepherdia argentea—Buffalo Berry, Silver Solanum melongena--Eggplant Sheperdia canadensis—Soapberry Solanum nigrum – Nightshade, Black Schizonepeta tenuifolia—Catnip, Japanese Solanum paniculatum--Jurubeba Sida cordifolia—Mallow, Country Solanum ptychanthum—Nightshade, Black Sida rhombifolia--Chichibe Solanum rudepannum--Susumba Sidalcea malviflora—Checker Bloom Solanum tuberosum--Potato Sideritis syriaca—Greek Mountain Tea Solanum xanthocarpum--Kantakari Siegesbeckia orientalis—Sow’s Grass Solidago spp--Goldenrod Sieversia montana – Avens, Alpine Solidago odora – Goldenrod, Sweet Silene acaulis—Moss Pink Sonchus arvensis – Sow Thistle, Tree Silene capensis—African Dream Root Sonchus asper – Sow Thistle, Field Silene stellata – Starry campion Sonchus oleraceus—Sow Thistle Silene virginica – Fire Pink Sophora flavescens – Pagoda Tree, Yellow Silene vulgaris—Bladder Campion Sophora japonica—Pagoda Tree, Japanese Siler divaricata - Laserwort Sophora secundiflora – Mescal Bean Silphium lacinatum – Compass Plant Sorbus americana – Ash, American Mountain Silybum marianum—Thistle, Milk Sorbus aria - Whitebeam Silphium paciniatum – Rosin-Weed Sorbus aucuparia--Rowan Silphium perfoliatum-Cup Plant Sorbus scopulina – Ash, Mountain Simaruba amara--Simaruba Sorghum bicolor--Broomcorn Simarouba glauca--Negrito Sorghum halepense—Johnson Grass Simmondsia chinensis - Jojoba Spartium junceum – Broom, Spanish Sinapis alba – Mustard, White/Yellow Spathyema foetida—Skunk Cabbage Sinapis arvensis - Charlock Spergularia rubra --Sandwort Sisymbrium altissimum—Mustard, Tumble Sphaeralcea ambigua – Mallow, Desert Sisymbrium officinale—Mustard, Hedge Sphaeralcea coccinea—Alkali Pink Sisyrinchium angustifolium – Blue-Eyed Sphagneticola trilobata—Rabbit’s Paw Grass Spigelia marilandica—Pinkroot Sisyrinchium bellum – Blue-eyed Grass, Spilanthes acmella - Paracress Western Spilanthes oleracea—Toothache Plant Sium sisarum—Skirret Spinacia oleracea - Spinach Sium suave—Parsnip, Water Spirea beauverdiana—Spirea, Alaskan Smilacina racemosa –Solomon’s Seal, False Spirea stevenii—Spirea, Alaskan Smilax bona-nox – Greenbrier Spiraea tomentosa - Hardhack Smilax caduca—Bamboo Brier Spiraea ulmaria--Meadowsweet Smilax china – China root Spiranthes romanzoffiana—Ladies’ Tresses Smilax coriacea—Chaney Root Spirodela polyrhiza --Duckweed Smilax glabra—Greenbrier, Glabrous Spondius purpurea--Jacote Smilax herbacea—Carrion Flower Spondias radlkoferi—Hog Plum Smilax lanceolata—China Root, Red Stachys affinis—Artichoke, Chinese Smilax laurifolia—Laurel, Greenbrier Stachys officinalis—Betony, Wood Smilax regelii--Sarsaparilla Stachys palustris—Nettle, Hedge Smilax rotundifolia—Bamboo Brier Stachys byzantina—Lamb’s Ears Smyrnium olusatrum--Alexanders Stachys sylvatica—Hedge Woundwort Solanum carolinense –Nettle, Horse Stachytarpheta cayennensis--Snakeweed Solanum dulcamara--Bittersweet Stanleya pinnata – Prince’s Plume Stellaria media--Chickweed Tagetes lucida—Mexican Marigold Mint Stellaria pubera—Chickweed, Star Tagetes minuta – Tagetes Stemona sessilifolia—Bai Bu Tagetes petula – Marigold, French Stemona tuberose--Stemona Tagetes signata—Marigold, Signet Sterculia urens--Sterculia Tagetes tenuifolia –Marigold, Signet Stevia rebaudiana--Stevia Tamarindus indica--Tamarind Stillingia sylvatica—Queen’s Delight Tamarix chinensis--Tamarisk Streptopus lanceolatus var. roseus—Rosy Tamus communis—Bryony, Black Twisted Stawk Tanacetum balsamita—Costmary Streptopus roseus—Rosy Twisted Stalk Tanacetum coccineum—Daisy, Painted Stratiotes aloides – Water Soldier Tanacetum parthenium--Feverfew Streptopus amplexifolius –Cucumber, Wild Tanacetum vulgare--Tansy Strophanthus gratus--Strophanthus Taraxacum sinicum—Pu Gong Ying Strophanthus kombe --Strophanthus Taraxacum officinale--Dandelion Strychnos ignatii—Ignatius Bean Taxodium mucronatum—Cypress, Strychnos nux-vomica--Strychnos Montezuma Styrax benzoin--Benzoin Taxus baccata--Yew Suaeda fruticosa – Shrubby Seablite Taxus brevifolia – Yew, Pacific Suaeda moquinii –Shrubby Seablite Tecoma stans—Trumpet Flower Succisa pratensis—Devil’s Bit Tephrosia candida--Tephrosia Sutherlandia frutescens—Cancer Bush Tephrosia virginiana – Catgut Swertia caroliniensis – Colombo, American Tephrosia vogelii – Fish Bean Swertia chirata--Chiretta Terminalia arjuna – Arjuna Swertia radiata—Cebadilla Terminalia belerica—Beleric Myrobalan Sycocarpus rusbyi--Cocillana Terminalia catappa –Almond, Indian Symphoricarpos albus laevigatus--Snowberry Terminalia chebula—Chebulic Myrobalan Symphyotrichum lateriflorum—Aster, Calico Tetraclinis articulate--Thyine Symphyotrichum novae-angliae—Aster, New Tetradenia riparia--Iboza England Tetrapanax papyrifer – Rice Paper Plant Symphyotrichum puniceum var. puniceum Teucrium chamaedrys—Germander, Wall —Aster, Purplestem Teucrium divaricatum - Germander Symphytum officinale--Comfrey Teucrium marum – Cat Thyme Symplocarpus foetidus—Skunk Cabbage Teucrium polium--Teucrium Symplocos paniculata--Sapphireberry Teucrium scorodonia—Wood Sage Synadenium grantii--Orkobobi Thalictrum aquilegifolium—Meadow Rue Syngonium podophyllum—Contra Hierba Thalictrum fendleri var. polycarpum Synsepalum dulcificum—Miracle Fruit —Meadow Rue, Fendleri Syringa suspensa—Weeping Forsythia Thalictrum polycarpum – Meadow Row, Syringa vulgaris--Lilac Fendler Syzygium aromaticum--Cloves Thalictrum pubescens—Meadow Rue, Tall Syzygium cumini--Jambul Thalictrum polygamum—Meadow Rue, Tall Thelesperma gracile—Cota Thelesperma megapotanicum--Cota Tabebuia chrysantha—Golden Goddess Theobroma cacao--Cocoa Tabebuia impetiginosa—Pau d’arco Thevetia peruviana—Oleander, Yellow Tabernaemontana divaricata—Grape Jasmine Thlaspi arvense—Field Pennycress Tabernanthe iboga - Iboga Thlaspi bursa-pastoris—Shepherd’s Purse Tadehagi triquetrum—Hu Lu Ch’a Thuja occidentalis--Thuja Tagetes filifolia—Marigold, Irish Lace Thuja orientalis – Arborvitae, Chinese Thymbra capitata—Oregano, Spanish Trillium pendulum—Beth Root Thymbra spicata—Thyme, Spiked Trillium sessile – Toadshade Thymophylla tenuiloba—Mayweed Dogweed Triosteum perfoliatum – Gentian, Horse Thymus spp--Thyme Tripterygium wilfordii – Thunder God Vine Thymus capitatus—Oregano, Spanish Triticum aestivum—Wheat, Bread Thymus caespititius—Thyme, Azores Triumfetta semitriloba--Mozote Thymus herba-barona—Thyme, Caraway Tropaeolum majus--Nasturtium Thymus mastichina—Thyme, Mastic Tsuga canandensis—Hemlock, Canadian Thymus praecox ssp. arcticus—Thyme, Wild Tsuga heterophylla—Hemlock, Western Thymus serpyllum—Thyme, Wild Tulbaghia violacea – Society Garlic Tiarella cordifolia – Foamflower Tulipa edulis--Tulip Tiarella trifoliata—Lace Flower Turbina corymbosa--Ololuique Tilia spp--Linden Turnera diffusa--Damiana Tilia americana – Basswood, American Turnera ulmifolia – Ram Goat Dash Along Tillandsia usneoides—Spanish Moss Tussilago farfara--Coltsfoot Tinospora cordifolia--Guduchi Tylophora asmatica--Asmatica Tinospora crispa--Makabuhai Tylophora indica --Asmatica Toddalia asiatica—Lopez Root Typha angustifolia—Cattail Torreya california—Nutmeg, California Typha latifolia –Reed Mace Torreya grandis—Chinese Nutmeg Tree Typhonium giganteum—Bai Fu Zi Townsendia incana--Townsendia Toxicodendron radicans—Poison Ivy Ugni molinae—Guava, Chilean Toxylon pomifera—Orange, Osage Ulex europaeus - Gorse Trachelospermum jasminoides – Jasmine, Star Ulmus americana – Elm, American Trachyspermum copticum--Ajowan Ulmus fulva—Elm, Slippery Tradescantia discolor –Oyster Herb Ulmus glabra—Elm, Wyth Tradescantia spathacea—Oyster Herb Ulmus macrocarpa—Elm, Big-Fruited Tradescantia virginiana--Spiderwort Ulva lactuca—Sea Lettuce Tradescantia zebrina –Wandering Jew Umbellularia californica—Laurel, California Tragopogon porrifolius —Salsify Umbilicaria mammulata—Rock Tripe Tragopogon pratensis--Goatsbeard Umbilicus rupestris—Pennywort, Wall Trianosperma ficcifolia—Tayuya Uncaria gambier—Catechu, Pale Tremella fuciformis--Snow Fungus Uncaria rhyncophylla—Gou Teng Tribulus terrestris—Puncture Vine Uncaria tomentosa—Cat’s Claw Trichostema lanceolatum –Blue Curls Urginea maritime --Squill Tricosanthes kirilowii—Cucumber, Chinese Urtica dioica--Nettles Trientalis europaea—Chickweed Wintergreen Urtica pilulifera – Nettle, Roman Trifolium agrarium—Clover, Yellow Usnea barbata—Usnea Trifolium caeruleum—Fenugreek, Blue Utricularia vulgaris – Bladderwort Trifolium dubium –Clover, Suckling Uvularia grandiflora--Merrybells Trifolium hybridum—Clover, Alsike Uvularia perfoliata – Bellwort Trifolium incarnatum –Clover, Crimson Uvularia sessilifolia—Bellwort, Sessileleaf Trifolium pratense—Clover, Red Trifolium repens—Clover, White Vaccaria hispanica--Cowherd Triglochin maritime--Arrowgrass Vaccaria segetalis—Cang Bu Liu Xing Trigonella caerulea—Fenugreek, Blue Vaccinium arboreum – Sparkleberry Trigonella foenum-graecum--Fenugreek Vaccinium macrocarpon --Cranberry Trilisa odoratissimus--Deerstongue Vaccinium myrtillus--Bilberry Trillium erectum—Bethroot Vaccinium oxycoccus—Marsh Whortleberry Vaccinium stamineum--Deerberry Viola canadensis – Violet, Canada Vaccinium uliginosum—Bog Bilberry Viola cucullata—Violet, Marsh Blue Vaccinium vitis-idaea—Cowberry Viola japonica – Arrowhead Grass Vagnera racemosa—Solomon Seal, False Viola odorata--Violet Valeriana dioica—Valerian, Marsh Viola pedata – Violet, Birdsfoot Valeriana edulis – Tobacco Root Viola renifolia—Violet, White Valeriana officinalis--Valerian Viola rostrata – Violet, Canker Valeriana wallichii –Valerian, Indian Viola sororia—Violet, Common Blue Valerianella locusta – Lettuce, Lamb’s Viola tricolor—Johnnie-Jump-Up Vanilla planifolia--Vanilla Viola yezoensis – Violet, Chinese Veratrum album – Hellebore, White False Viscum alba--Mistletoe Veratrum californicum – Hellebore, California Vitex agnus-castus—Chaste Berry False Vitex cannabifolia—Mu Ching Veratrum viride—Hellebore, Green False Vitex gaumeri--Fiddlewood Verbascum blattaria—Mullein, Moth Vitex negundo--Lagundi Verbascum phlomoides – Mullein, Woolly Vitis vinifea—Grape Verbascum thapsus--Mullein Verbena hastate —Vervain, Blue Waltheria indica--Uhaloa Verbena macdougalii—Vervain, MacDougal Wasabia japonica--Wasabi Verbena officinalis--Vervain Withania somnifera—Ashwagandha Verbesina helianthoides--Crownbeard, Yellow Wolfiporia cocus – Indian Bread Verbesina encelioides- Goldweed Wrightia tinctoria—Indrajao Veronica americana—Speedwell, American Wyethia amplexicaulis—Mule’s Ears Veronica beccabunga--Brooklime Veronica officinalis—Speedwell, Common Xanthorhiza simplicissima--Yellowroot Veronicastrum axillare – Fishing Vine Xanthium spinosum – Cocklebur, Spiny Veronicastrum virginica – Blackroot Xanthium sibiricum—Cocklebur, Siberian Vernonia fasciculate – Ironweed Xanthium strumarium—Cocklebur Vetiveria zizanoides--Vetiver Xanthoxylum piperitum—Szechuan Pepper Viburnim alnifolium--Hobblebush Xerophyllum tenax--Beargrass Viburnum lantanoides--Hobblebush Xysmalobium undulatum--Uzara Viburnum lentago--Sheepberry Viburnum nudum – Smooth Withe Rod Youngia japonica--Hawksbeard Viburnum opulus--Crampbark Yucca spp—Yucca Viburnum prunifolium—Black Haw Yucca brevifolia-Joshua Tree Viburnum trilobum—Cranberry Bush, Yucca schidigera—Yucca, Mohave American Yucca whipplei—Our Lord’s Candle Vicia cracca—Vetch, Tufted Vicia faba – Bean, Broad Zanthoxylum americanum—Ash, Prickly Vicia hirsute--Tare Zanthoxylum clava-herculis – Ash, Hercules Vicia sativa—Vetch, Common Club Prickly Vicia villosa –Vetch, Winter Zanthoxylum limonella --Badrang Vigna angularis—Adzuki Bean Zanthoxylum piperitum—Szechuan Pepper Vigna umbellate—Rice Bean Zanthoxylum rhetsa--Tirphal Vinca major, V. minor--Periwinkle Zea mays--Corn Vinca rosea—Periwinkle, Madagascar Zephyranthes atamasca – Lily, Atamasco Vincetoxicum hirundinaria—Swallow Wort, Zingiber officinale--Ginger White Zingiber zerumbet--Awapuhi Viola adunca – Violet, Hooked-Spur Ziziphus jujuba—Jujube Ziziphus vulgaris – Jujube Zygadenus elegans—Death Camass