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Status of the Umbelliferae Ssp. in Russia

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Status of the Umbelliferae Ssp. in Russia Status of the Umbelliferae ssp. in Russia Tatiana Khmelinskaya Olga Zvereva Anna Artemyeva The collection status The formation of Russian Umbelliferae collection had begun in 1923 after N.I.Vavilov visit West-European countries, USA and Canada (1921- 1922), from the seed samples shipped by breeding companies of the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Austria. Russian resources were registered in VIR collection through All-Russian agricultural exhibition. The local landraces were collected during collection missions in Afghanistan, Iran, Armenia, Uzbekistan, Turkey, etc. In 1926 VIR scientists started to study the collection. From 1928 the new expeditions were arranged to Mediterranean countries, Ethiopia, and Western China by Vavilov, to India by Markovich, to Minor Asia of Zhukovskiy, etc. , and also collection had started to grow by exchange of material with different Institutes and companies. Now VIR Genebank contains genetic resources of different status from more than 90 countries, includes wild species, landraces, old and advanced cultivars, hybrids F1, breeding materials . Umbelliferae collections are divided into two parts: constant (base) catalogue and temporary catalogue. The constant catalogue includes landraces and breeding cultivars with sufficient quantity of seeds in accession. All accessions of constant catalogue are documented for computerized passport data. The temporary catalogue includes the hybrids F1, breeding materials and the samples with insufficient quantity of seeds. These latter cultivars need to be regenerated and then they will be included in constant catalogue. Passport data of these accessions are stored in our documents. Umbelliferae in VIR collection Daucus carota L., Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Hoffm., Apium graveolens L., Anethum graveolens L., Coriandrum sativum L., Pastinaca sativa L., Carum carvi L., Carum ajowan Baill., Chaerophyllum aureum L., Chaerophyllum bulbosum L., Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Ammi majus L., Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam., Ammi sp., Pimpinella anisum L., Pimpinella saxifrage L., Pimpinella sp., Critmum maritimum L., Levisticum officinale W.D.J.Koch, Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop., Sium sisarum L., Sium latifolium L., Angelica archangelica L., Cuminum cyminum L., Meum athamanticum Jacg., Smyrnium olusatrum L., Arracacia purpusii Bancr., Ferula assa-foetida L., Cryptotaenia canadensis DC. Status of the collection accessions Genus Common Cultivars Land- Breeding Wild Total name races lines accessions Anethum L. Dill 63 748 - - 811 Apium L Celery 418 162 - - 580 Carum L. Caraway, 15 185 1 45 246 ajowan Anthriscus Pers. Chervil 12 3 - 2 17 Coriandrum L. Coriander 21 561 4 - 586 Daucus sp.. Wild species - - - 35 35 Daucus carota L. Carrot 2922 84 61 - 3067 Foeniculum Miller Fennel 48 182 12 15 257 Pastiniaca L. Parsnip 90 1 - - 91 Petroselinum Parsley 311 114 - - 425 Hoffm. Other Umbelliferae 5 62 1 20 88 crops TOTAL 3905 2102 79 117 6203 Carrot collection represents all known intraspecific diversity of cultivated carrot which according to the classification of Sechkarev (1971) and Sazonova (1990) includes three subspecies, four varietal groups and 11 varieties. Taxonomic names No. of accessions A. subsp. gingidium (L.) Small 1 B. subsp. carota I. convar. carota 10 II. convar. sativus (Hoffm.) Setch. 1. var. sativus 23 2. var. sulfureus Alef. 22 3. var. atrorubrus Alef. 1 4. var. aurantuus Alef. 865 C. subsp. orientalis (Rubasch.) Setch. III. convar. orientalis 11 IV. convar. afghanicus 5. var. afghanicus 2 6. var. shavrovii Mazk. 25 7. var. setcharevii Sazon. 1 8. var. zhukowskii (Mazk.) Setch. 21 9. var. roseus Mazk. 1 10. var. boissiehi (Schweinf) Mazk. 10 11. var. vavilovii Mazk. 8 Safety duplication and storage At present, the base collection is preserved for long-term storage at – 100C in the VIR Genebank and duplicated in medium-term storage at +40C in glass jars in the National Seed Storage at the Kuban experiment station (Krasnodar region). The active working collection is stored at a room temperature in St. Petersburg at the Department of vegetable and cucurbits crops. Duplicate active collection is placed for short-term storage at +40C in VIR-Centre. Seed samples for long-term storage are dried until seed moisture content of 2-6% is reached, and packed in laminated aluminum bags. Storage of roots Regeneration at Majkop station Isolation cabin at Pushkin station Plots for regeneration at Dagestan station Utilisation of germplasm Total Common Distributed in Distributed Genus distributed name Russia abroad 2002-2012 Anethum L. Dill 180 125 55 Apium L. Celery 160 130 30 Carum L. Caraway, 51 28 23 ajowan Anthriscus Pers. Chervil 22 21 1 Coriandrum L. Coriander 341 245 96 Daucus L. Carrot 1563 817 746 Foeniculum Miller Fennel 103 23 80 Pastiniaca L. Parsnip 67 53 14 Petroselinum Hoffm. Parsley 171 136 35 Other Umbelliferae crops 70 65 5 Total 2728 1643 1085 Status of documentation Genus Common Total Passport Evaluation/ Seed in Regeneration name number of data Characteri long-term 2009-2012 accessions zation storage Apium L. Celery 580 155 211 112 150 Carum L. Caraway 246 48 20 29 47 Anthriscus Pers. Chervil 17 17 5 12 11 Coriandrum L. Coriander 586 339 100 313 458 Daucus L. Carrot 3102 1001 2105 698 952 Foeniculum Miller Fennel 257 126 30 92 153 Pastinaca L. Parsnip 91 38 49 48 76 Petroselinum Parsley 425 66 198 215 130 Hoffm. Other Umbelliferae 88 30 10 10 44 crops Total 5392 1820 2728 1529 2021 Characterization and evaluation Most accessions of Umbelliferae collections have been characterized and evaluated for 50-54 morphological, biological and agronomic traits at 7 experimental stations in different ecologo-geographical zones of Russia. The accessions have been studied using the same standardized research methods for three years to test adaptive capacity. The part of the accessions had been tested on resistance to diseases and insects and biochemical composition of consumption plant parts. Evaluation data are stored in summary journals and in separate computerized files. The data have been systematized in Methodic Indications (1976, 1990), evaluation catalogues for breeders. The Vavilov Institute regularly publishes Delectus seminum where all available accessions for exchange are given. As results of more than 80-years ecologo-geographical characterization and evaluation of carrot collection morpho- physiological differentiation was done and large VIR collection was divided into groups and types. European carotene carrot cultivars has represented by such cultivar types as 'Flakker', 'Chantenay', 'Amsterdam', 'Berlicumer', 'Nantes‘ and 'Karotel‘ . Central Asian yellow, pink and orange carrot forms are characterized by high levels of earliness, drought resistance and cold hardiness. There is a group of high-yielding cultivars for different regions of Russia and the republics of the Community of Independent States (CIS). There are non-boltering varieties adapted to long days. Each of these cultivar types is characterized by a comparatively stable set of morphological traits of leaf and root. Extremely great variability is observed in commercial and biological characters of cultivars, which have been conditioned by different geographic and ecological cultivation environments. In Russia carrots are reported to be afflicted by 26 forms of fungal, bacterial and viral diseases, five species of insects and five species of nematodes. The most harmful carrot diseases are bacteriosis (Erwinia carotovora (Jon.) HolL), storage rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiniorum (Lib.) et By.), black rot {Alternaria radicinia M.D. et E.), grey rot (Botritis cinerea Pers.) and phomosis (Phoma rostupii Saer). In Northwest Russia carrots are subject to considerable attacks from the carrot leaf hopper (Trioza viridula) and rust-fly (Psylla rosae F.). Cultivars manifest strong differentiation in their reaction to fungal and bacterial diseases. No carrot forms with high resistance to pests have been identified. 2008 2009 2011 Disease R, % C, % R, % С, % R, % С, % Black rot 47,2±1,6 32,2±1,6 19,9±0,8 17,9±0,3 21,1±0,1 13,6±0,1 Grey rot 9,6±2,3 3,1±1,2 4,9±0,9 4,9±0,9 3,8±0,7 3,9±0,7 Phomosis 8,6±1,0 7,9±1,0 8,5±0,9 7,8±0,9 2,6±0,4 2,4±0,4 Bacteriosis 4,6±1,4 3,8±1,1 17,0±1,9 16,7±1,8 1,9±0,4 1,7±0,4 Storage rot 0,6±0,4 0,4±0,3 0,9±0,6 0,9±0,6 1,0±0,3 0,9±0,3 Fusarium 0,5±0,5 0,5±0,4 1,3±0,4 1,0±0,4 0,9±0,3 0,8±0,3 R – distribution of disease, C – level of development Biochemical analysis Food nutrition is becoming one of the most important factors in the choice of products in modern conditions. Umbelliferae vegetables are characterized by high water content, low caloric value, contain high quality protein, carbohydrates, fibre, vitamins, minerals. Carrot cultivars show high differentiation in the content of chemical components: dry matter, 10-13%; total sugars, 5-6.5%; ascorbic acid, 1-11 mg/100 g; carotene, from 0 to 20-25 mg/100g. Biochemical compounds in carrot roots of different cultivar types depending on time of storage 14 13 17 12 16 11 Амагер 15 10 Амстердамская Амагер 9 Берликумер 14 Амстердамская Берликумер 8 Нантская 13 Нантская Шантенэ каротин, мг/100г каротин, 7 Шантенэ сухое вещество, % сухое вещество, 6 12 5 11 4 10 1 2 3 1 2 3 сроки сроки Dry matter content Carotene content 30 20 10 0 НИИОХ 336 Местная Каротин, мг/100г Каротин, Поврежденность листоблошкой (балл) в фазе уборки Бобруйская с высоким моркови сорта Выделенные Ленинаканская Местная желтая Местная Amro каротина содержанием Rona Courte … carrot carotene Asmer Early … Campestra Flakkese E-1095 F1 leaf Amsterdam… content of withhigh cultivars Carrot Chanta Karotka hopper Nantesi DC-21279 a Berlicumer … nd resistance resistance to nd Hybrid AV-7901 Carrot NVH-1001 15 10 5 0 Поврежденность мухой, Поврежденность мухой, балл Выделенные сорта моркови с высоким с высоким моркови сорта Выделенные содержанием сахаров содержанием sugars rust - fly Сумма Сумма сахаров, % From To Carrot cultivars of VIR breeding Princessa, Feya, Delikatessnaya Early maturity (period of vegetation 95-110 days), high yield, with high level of carotene (20-21 mg/100g), for fresh market and storage.
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