DOCSLIB.ORG

Taxonomic and Ecologic Properties of the Endangered Iris Pamphylica (Iridaceae) Endemic to S.W. Anatolia INTRODUCTION MATERIALS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Taxonomic and Ecologic Properties of the Endangered Iris Pamphylica (Iridaceae) Endemic to S.W. Anatolia INTRODUCTION MATERIALS Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 9 (2): 01-06, 2015 ISSN: 1307-1130, E-ISSN: 2146-0108 Taxonomic and Ecologic Properties of the Endangered Iris pamphylica (Iridaceae) Endemic to S.W. Anatolia İsmail Gökhan DENIZ1* Candan AYKURT2 Mehmet Ali BAŞARAN3 1Dept. of Biology Edu, Faculty Education, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey 2Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Art & Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey 3South-West Anatolia Forest Research Institute, Antalya, Turkey *Corresponding author: Received: March 23, 2015 Email: [email protected] Accepted: May 08, 2015 Abstract In this research, the morphological, anatomical, palynological, karyological and ecological properties of the locally endemic Iris pamphylica Hedge, which were collected or observed between 2008 and 2014 in different localities of the Manavgat, Alanya and Akseki districts of Antalya province were examined. After field studies, a detailed morphological description was prepared with morphological observations and measurements carried out on bulbs, leaves, falls and standards of this rare endemic species. The species was recorded in new areas and at different altitudes. The seed morphology and polen grains of I. pamphylica were examined using SEM techniques. Karyotypic ideogram and microphotographs of somatic metaphases were also obtained. To establish ecological preferences of I. pamphylica, certain parameters including distributions, habitat types, soil analyses and flowering times were studied and evaluated. Keywords: Antalya, Conservation, Ecology, Iris, Taxonomy. INTRODUCTION distribution areas and descriptions of the species have been revised. Endangered species, like Iris pamphylica located in or nearby settlements were prioritized. In this In terms of rich plant biodiversity, Antalya is one of investigation, during conservation studies, the taxonomic Turkey's richest provinces. Even considering the ecological and ecologic characteristics of I. pamphylica were richness of our country as a whole, Antalya has an examined and recorded in order to provide opportunity for important role with its rare species and ecological habitat further studies in the future. diversity. The presence of sudden altitude changes within short distances, climatic variations from coastal to inland areas, as well as variable topography ensure rich diversity MATERIALS AND METHODS of species. Antalya province is home to 773 of the country’s endemic plant taxa. 244 of them are best In this research, morphological, anatomical, described as locally endemic as they are found only in the palynological, karyolojical and ecological properties of the Antalya region. One of the important geophyte family of rare endemic Iris pamphylica Hedge which were collected Antalya flora is Iridaceae with it's 19 endemic taxa, 4 of or observed between the years of 2008 and 2014 from them belonging to Iris. different localities of Manavgat, Alanya, Gündogmuş and Iris L. is one of the largest genus of the Iridaceae Akseki districts of Antalya province were investigated. The family and in the world, comprises over 300 species. detailed morphological description was prepared with Distributed in the Northern Hemisphere [1], Iris species morphological observations and measurements carried out have been used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens on bulb, leaves, falls and standards during the field studies. since ancient times,due to the very beautiful and colorful Collected specimens were dried in accordance with flowers [2]. Totally 55 taxa of the genus Iris (46 species, 5 standard techniques and deposited in Akdeniz University's subspecies, 3 variety, 1 hybrid) distribute in Turkey, of Herbarium (AKDU). Deposited root, leaves, scape and which 23 are endemic [3]. I. pamphylica, a rare endemic flower parts preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol or fresh species found in South-west Anatolia (Turkey), was first materials were used for the anatomical studies. Cross and collected by Davis and O. Polunin in 1956. The species is surface sections taken from the materials were examined located in subg. Hermodactyloides and no closely related to under optical microscope and photographed. any other species in the subgenus [4]. Seed morphology and polen grains of I. pamphylica Sadly, despite rich biodiversity, and as a result of were examined using SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) various factors in Antalya, about 60 of the locally endemic techniques. For SEM study, the seeds and pollens were taxa are endangered. When distribution data gathered from covered with gold and mounted on stubs. The field studies of the endangered species were collated, it was microphotographs were taken with a Zeiss LEO-1430 clear that some species required urgent active conservation. Scanning Electron Microscope. LM studies measured the The volume of studies intended to identify endangered long axis (LA), short axis (SA), exine and intine thickness. plants, carried out by the authors, have increased in recent The measured pollen diameters were based on 50 samples. years. Through these studies, threat catagorisation, In order to examine the exine sculptures and seed coat in İ. G. Deniz et al / JABS, 9 (2): 01-06, 2015 2 detail, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also used. long, 2 mm wide at the base and up to 11mm wide towards For SEM study, pollens were first treated with 70% the apex, apex obtuse or slightly emerginate, dark purple to alcohol, and then dried before mounting on stubs and dark brown towards the apex and dark purple veins evident, covered with gold. Pollen shapes and ornamentation were yellow with dark-spotted towards the base, adaxial surface identified according to relevant literature [5, 6, 7]. minutely papillate. Style branches 42–45 x 3 mm For karyological study, the squash preparation method (including style crests), yellow with dark brown-spotted; was used for the chromosome study of this species. Root style crests 9–12 x 3 mm, veins evident; stigmatic lip 0.5 x tips were pretreated in α-monobromonaphthalene at 4°C 1.5–2 mm, clearly narrower than style branch. Stamens 23– overnight and then washed with distilled water and finally 24 mm long; filament 12–13 x 1 mm, pale yellow with dark fixed in Carnoy’s solution (3:1 absolute ethanol: glacial brown spotted; anther 11–13 x 2 mm, creamy white. acetic acid) for a minimum of 5 hours. The root tips were Capsule oblong-eliptic, c. 25–37 x 10–14 mm, beak c. 1 cm hydrolysed for 12 minutes in 1N HCl at 60°C, stained using long, many seeded. Seeds turbinate to subglobose, 3.1-5.2 – the standard Feulgen technique and squashes were 2.1-3.2 mm, with caruncle at apex and funicular prepared. Slides were made permanent with Entellan. protuberance at the base. The rafe is often inconspicuous, Slides were examined under an Nikon E200 microscope sometimes appears as a flat or raised area of the testa where with photographic camera. The ideograms were drawn the epdermal cells are elongated along the longitudinal axis from mitotic metaphase. The nomenclature used for the of the seed. Caruncle coat surface microstructure with description of chromosome morphology is that proposed by reticulate colliculate. Seed surface irregularly rugose, walls Levan [8]. undulate (Fig. 2). Without harming the populations in nature, a certain number of individuals were transferred to the Botanic Garden of Akdeniz University in order to protect the generation of the species. A few plant samples were collected and dried according to the herbarium techniques and archived in the Akdeniz University Herbarium (AKDU). To demonstrate the ecological preferences of I. pamphylica, certain parameters including their distributions, habitat types and flowering times were studied and evaluated. Five soil samples were taken from the exact locations where plants were established, and analysed in the soil analysis laboratories of the Western Mediterranean Forestry Research Institute. All soil samples were taken from 0–20 cm depth as demonstrated by Jackson [9], and then air dried and passed through a 2 mm sieve. The physical and chemical properties of soil samples were analyzed, and data concerning the habitat, elevation, aspect, slope and vegetation were recorded during the field studies. Geographic information system GlobalMapper and Google Earth Pro software, digital elevation maps and 1/25000 raster maps were made use of. These maps are Figure 1. General appearances of flower (a), habit (b), capsule (c) O27a3, O27b4, O27d2 and O27c1. The 3D Analyst module and habitat (d) characters of Iris pamphylica of the program was used for the creation of incline and elevation maps. The coordinates of the individuals were transferred onto the maps by using the relevant modules of the program. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Morphological features Iris pamphylica Hedge, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 23:557 (1961). (Fig. 1). Description Plant 15–25 cm tall at flowering time. Bulba 25–33 x 18–22 mm, ovoid, reticulate-fibrose, producing few smail bulblets (4–13 x 7–10 mm). Leaves 1–2, 15–45 x 0.2–0.25 cm at anthesis, elongating later to 80 cm, 4-angled, linear, Figure 2. SEM microphotographs of the seed (a), caruncle (b) and glaucous, scabridulous at margins. Bracts and bracteoles seed surfaces (c, d) of I. pamphylica. almost equal, 5–6 cm long, closely sheating perianth tube, ventricose, green, herbaceous, membranous at apex and I. pamphylica shows distinctive morphological margins, acute. Flowers solitary, bicolored, dark brown to characters and according to Mathew, is not closely related blue; perianth tube 2–2.5 cm long. Outer tepals (falls) to any other species in the Hermodactyloides subgenus [4]. lanceolate, dark purple veins evident on the claw and limb, It is easily recognisable by its flower colours, short periant adaxial surface minutely papillate; claw 25–26 x 3–3.5 mm, tube and fruiting characters. For this reason, it has not been yellow with black-spotted, longer than limb; limb 11–15 x compared with the relative species in the present study. The 8–11 mm, mucronate or acuminate at apex, dark purple to literature of examination with SEM on the seed surface of dark brown.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Native Plants for Lazy Gardeners - Plant List (10/23/10)
    Native Plants for Lazy Gardeners - Plant List (10/23/10) Slide Common Name Botanical Name Form 11 globe gilia Gilia capitata annual 11 toyon Heteromeles arbutifolia shrub 11 Pacific Coast Hybrid iris Iris (PCH) perennial 11 goldenbush Isocoma menziesii shrub 11 scrub oak Quercus berberidifolia shrub 11 blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium bellum perennial 11 lilac verbena Verbena lilacina shrub 13-16 coast live oak Quercus agrifolia tree 17-18 Howard McMinn man anita Arctostaphylos 'Howard McMinn' shrub 19 Philip Mun keckiella (RSABG Intro) Keckiella 'Philip Munz' ine 19 woolly bluecurls Trichostema lanatum shrub 19-20 Ray Hartman California lilac Ceanothus 'Ray Hartman' shrub 21 toyon Heteromeles arbutifolia shrub 22 western redbud Cercis occidentalis shrub 22-23 Golden Abundance barberry (RSABG Intro) Berberis 'Golden Abundance' (MAHONIA) shrub 2, coffeeberry Rhamnus californica shrub 25 Pacific Coast Hybrid iris Iris (PCH) perennial 25 Eve Case coffeeberry Rhamnus californica '. e Case' shrub 25 giant chain fern Woodwardia fimbriata fern 26 western columbine Aquilegia formosa perennial 26 toyon Heteromeles arbutifolia shrub 26 fuchsia-flowering gooseberry Ribes speciosum shrub 26 California rose Rosa californica shrub 26-27 California fescue Festuca californica perennial 28 white alder Alnus rhombifolia tree 29 Pacific Coast Hybrid iris Iris (PCH) perennial 30 032-33 western columbine Aquilegia formosa perennial 30 032-33 San Diego sedge Carex spissa perennial 30 032-33 California fescue Festuca californica perennial 30 032-33 Elk Blue rush Juncus patens '.l1 2lue' perennial 30 032-33 California rose Rosa californica shrub http://www weedingwildsuburbia com/ Page 1 30 032-3, toyon Heteromeles arbutifolia shrub 30 032-3, fuchsia-flowering gooseberry Ribes speciosum shrub 30 032-3, Claremont pink-flowering currant (RSA Intro) Ribes sanguineum ar.
    [Show full text]
  • A HANDBOOK of GARDEN IRISES by W
    A HANDBOOK OF GARDEN IRISES By W. R. DYKES, M.A., L.-ès-L. SECRETARY OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. AUTHOR OF "THE GENUS IRIS," ETC. CONTENTS. PAGE PREFACE 3 1 THE PARTS OF THE IRTS FLOWER AND PLANT 4 2 THE VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THE GENUS AND 5 THEIR DISTRIBUTION 3 THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE VARIOUS 10 SECTIONS AND SPECIES AND THEIR RELATIVE AGES 4 THE NEPALENSIS SECTION 13 5 THE GYNANDRIRIS SECTION 15 6 THE RETICULATA SECTION 16 7 THE JUNO SECTION 23 8 THE XIPHIUM SECTION 33 9 THE EVANSIA SECTION 40 10 THE PARDANTHOPSIS SECTION 45 11 THE APOGON SECTION 46 — THE SIBIRICA SUBSECTION 47 — THE SPURIA SUBSECTION 53 — THE CALIFORNIAN SUBSECTION 59 — THE LONGIPETALA SUBSECTION 64 — THE HEXAGONA SUBSECTION 67 — MISCELLANEOUS BEARDLESS IRISES 69 12 THE ONCOCYCLUS SECTION 77 I. Polyhymnia, a Regeliocydus hybrid. 13 THE REGELIA SECTION 83 (I. Korolkowi x I. susianna). 14 THE PSEUDOREGELIA SECTION 88 15 THE POGONIRIS SECTION 90 16 GARDEN BEARDED IRISES 108 17 A NOTE ON CULTIVATION, ON RAISING 114 SEEDLINGS AND ON DISEASES 18 A TABLE OF TIMES OF PLANTING AND FLOWERING 116 19 A LIST OF SYNONYMS SOMETIMES USED IN 121 GARDENS This edition is copyright © The Goup for Beardless Irises 2009 - All Rights Reserved It may be distributed for educational purposes in this format as long as no fee (or other consideration) is involved. www.beardlessiris.org PREFACE TO THIS DIGITAL EDITION William Rickatson Dykes (1877-1925) had the advantage of growing irises for many years before writing about them. This Handbook published in 1924 represents the accumulation of a lifetime’s knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • Philip J. Savage, Jr
    ISSUE 73 M4SNOU4 Philip J. Savage, Jr. May 8, 1917 — October 13, 2002 Phil Savnge, /r. , an icon m the Magnolia worhl, passed au ay last October of conr plica- lions from the West Nile virus. Phil, a renotvrred magnolin Irybcidrzer, specialized in breeding mngnolias that u&cre cold Irardy. Becnuse of this, nragnolia entirusiasts living in colder climalcs now have morry rrrorc choices thnn did Dennis Ledvh rn u&hen he bought Iris lrouse irr Green Bay, Wiscorrsin in thc Intr typos Plril hns left an errduring legaclt n&itlr tire mnny /Inc, cold-lurrdy hybrids Ire bred. Following arc set&eral rwni niscclrces fronr irrdividuals who toere deqviy in/luencerl by Phil mrd Iris u&ork u&ith mngrrolins. DENNIs LEDVINA WIUTES. Back in the late yos the landscaping around my new house consisted of three magnolias: two M. x sorrlarrgeana, and a M. x loebneri 'MerrilL' At the time, these were the only magnolias gener- ally available at local nurseries. As I watched these magnolias bloom each spring, I became more intrigued with their beautiful Bowers and began driv- ing around Green Bay to observe and admire some of the established trees. My admiration for the genus contin- ued to grow each year as I began col- lecting more information about these magnificent plants. One summer I was in the Detroit area and I decided to call this magnolia expert, Phil Savage, that I had read so much about. I can vividly remember calling Phil from a telephone booth on Telegraph Road and finding mysell, an unknown amateur, talking to a magnolia expert who from the first made me feel like a lifelong friend.
    [Show full text]
  • AGS Seed List No 69 2020
    Seed list No 69 2020-21 Garden Collected Seed 1001 Abelia floribunda 1057 Agrostemma githago 1002 Abies koreana 1058 Albuca canadensis (L.
    [Show full text]
  • May 15, 2016 Passing Peony and Iris Plants on from Generation to Generation Annette Meyer Heisdorffer Daviess County Extension Agent for Horticulture
    May 15, 2016 Passing Peony and Iris Plants on from Generation to Generation Annette Meyer Heisdorffer Daviess County Extension Agent for Horticulture After lunch on Mother’s Day, my mom and I surveyed her garden, especially the peonies. We both agreed that I needed to propagate her peonies and plant them in my garden. These are special, because I remember them growing in my grandmother’s garden. Peonies are commonly passed down from generation to generation. My goal is to someday share them with my twins. Our discussion included the irises, which are another heritage plant. Both plants are blooming beautifully in May and are spectacular in the garden. Information about these two plants will be provided in this article. Peony (Paeonia officinalis, Paeonia lactiflora, and hybrids) is a herbaceous perennial, which means at the end of the growing season it will die back to the ground. However, the plant returns year after year. Peonies grow best in full sun and well-drained soil. There are tree peonies (Paeonia suffruticosa) which have a woody stem, but those are not as common and require different growing conditions. The tree peony will not be discussed here. According to Dr. Rick Durham, Extension Specialist for Consumer Horticulture, peonies can be found in landscapes across Kentucky. Peonies have a long life span and are commonly grown in the garden. When planting the root, make sure it is not too deep. The eyes or bud should be just below the surface of the soil. If it is planted too deeply, the plants won't bloom.
    [Show full text]
  • Cappadocia Wildlife Tour Report Turkey Botanical Birdwatching
    Hatay to Cappadocia Flowers, Birds & Ancient Sites of Turkey A Greentours Trip Report 12th to 23rd May 2012 Led by Seda Soylu and Phil Benstead The following report is from the itinerary we did in 2012. The 2013 tour differs in that instead of visiting the Hatay region in 2013 we’ll be starting the tour in Konya and Kulu Golu in the centre of Anatolia and the rest of the tour will be done in reverse of the 2012 order. So the most relevant days are days 5-12 in this report, and these correspond to days 4-11 (but in reverse order!) in the 2013 itinerary. Daily report written by Phil Benstead and Seda Soylu Day 1 Saturday 12th May arrival We all converged on the airport at Istanbul by different routes, negotiating the visa buying process and the march across to the domestic terminal. The deciding game between Galatasaray and Fenerbahçe in the Turkish Championship took place in Istanbul during the evening and even the airport departure area was caught up in the excitement. Very atmospheric. We eventually all met up at the gate for our late night onward flight and then dozed through the short journey to Hatay and were soon being met by a smiling Seda and whisked off in the minibus to the hotel. Day 2 Sunday 13th May the road to Yayladağı A leisurely start to the day was required this morning after the late (early?) arrival at the hotel last night. Breakfasted we headed for the van and drove south towards Syria on the road to Yayladağ ı.
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Guide to the Culture of Peonies This Is Easily Done by Pulling Them Downwards and Sideways with the Fingers
    A handful of sheep manure to a plant may be given in the spring to improve the bloom. Liquid manure also may be used with discretion, for the same purpose. Disbudding. Most varieties of peonies develop several small lateral or America’s Largest Grower of Daylilies, Peonies and Iris sidebuds near the base of the terminal bud. If large flowers are wanted, the side buds should be removed so the strength will all go into the terminal bud. The side-buds should be removed as soon as they are about the size of a pea. Basic Guide to the Culture of Peonies This is easily done by pulling them downwards and sideways with the fingers. o Some people prefer leaving their side-buds which develop and prolong the P.O. Box 338 • Sarcoxie, MO 64862 • (417) 548-3514 blooming season. The side-buds bloom later than the terminal buds. Insect Pests. In some sections of the country, where thrips are Basic Guide to the Culture of Peonies prevalent, some late varieties are damaged to the extent that the buds fail to open even after they are almost fully developed. Spraying or dusting, at Peonies are easily grown and their requirements are few, but they respond weekly intervals should control the thrips very well. Apply first application beautifully to a little special care and attention by producing best quality when buds are about the size of a large marble. We like Orthene. flowers and many of them. With this thought in mind we offer the following suggestions gained from many years experience in growing and Planted too deeply...examine and if Why Peonies Do Not Bloom.
    [Show full text]
  • Document Converted With
    Southwest Turkey A Greentours Trip Report 21st March – 2nd April 2010 Led by Başak Gardner Day 1 Journey to Antalya 21.03.10 I met the group at the airport and directly drove to the hotel. It was around 10 pm. Day 2 Journey to Ibradı 22.03.10 With good news from the meteorology the tour started. Alpine Swifts were flying around and Yellow-vented Bulbuls were singing from the roof as we were having our breakfast by the pool. A very short visit to the bank to change and get some money gave a chance for the group to take some pictures of the castle walls and gate. We even did some botanizing. The walls of the very old houses in the old town were almost covered by Cymbalaria longipes. We were on the road before 10 am and our first stop was by a graveyard where Pyrus serikensis, which is an endangered endemic pear tree, was in full bloom. But the main plant we were looking for was a bit over, however we managed to find some fresh reticulately-patterned Iris masia. Along with these were some Muscari comosum, Anemone coronaria and a single plant of Gladiolus italicus. Val spotted our first butterfly an Eastern Festoon and both Large White and Orange Tip were also seen as well as Danford’s Lizard. We made another stop both to have lunch and to look for some Ophrys. Along an old track by the picnic site we encountered many Ophrys mammosa spikes in good flower. We had a good lunch with some Turkish tea our driver prepared for us among the Bellis annua flowers.
    [Show full text]
  • These De Doctorat De L'universite Paris-Saclay
    NNT : 2016SACLS250 THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE PARIS-SACLAY, préparée à l’Université Paris-Sud ÉCOLE DOCTORALE N° 567 Sciences du Végétal : du Gène à l’Ecosystème Spécialité de doctorat (Biologie) Par Mlle Nour Abdel Samad Titre de la thèse (CARACTERISATION GENETIQUE DU GENRE IRIS EVOLUANT DANS LA MEDITERRANEE ORIENTALE) Thèse présentée et soutenue à « Beyrouth », le « 21/09/2016 » : Composition du Jury : M., Tohmé, Georges CNRS (Liban) Président Mme, Garnatje, Teresa Institut Botànic de Barcelona (Espagne) Rapporteur M., Bacchetta, Gianluigi Università degli Studi di Cagliari (Italie) Rapporteur Mme, Nadot, Sophie Université Paris-Sud (France) Examinateur Mlle, El Chamy, Laure Université Saint-Joseph (Liban) Examinateur Mme, Siljak-Yakovlev, Sonja Université Paris-Sud (France) Directeur de thèse Mme, Bou Dagher-Kharrat, Magda Université Saint-Joseph (Liban) Co-directeur de thèse UNIVERSITE SAINT-JOSEPH FACULTE DES SCIENCES THESE DE DOCTORAT DISCIPLINE : Sciences de la vie SPÉCIALITÉ : Biologie de la conservation Sujet de la thèse : Caractérisation génétique du genre Iris évoluant dans la Méditerranée Orientale. Présentée par : Nour ABDEL SAMAD Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR ÈS SCIENCES Soutenue le 21/09/2016 Devant le jury composé de : Dr. Georges TOHME Président Dr. Teresa GARNATJE Rapporteur Dr. Gianluigi BACCHETTA Rapporteur Dr. Sophie NADOT Examinateur Dr. Laure EL CHAMY Examinateur Dr. Sonja SILJAK-YAKOVLEV Directeur de thèse Dr. Magda BOU DAGHER KHARRAT Directeur de thèse Titre : Caractérisation Génétique du Genre Iris évoluant dans la Méditerranée Orientale. Mots clés : Iris, Oncocyclus, région Est-Méditerranéenne, relations phylogénétiques, status taxonomique. Résumé : Le genre Iris appartient à la famille des L’approche scientifique est basée sur de nombreux Iridacées, il comprend plus de 280 espèces distribuées outils moléculaires et génétiques tels que : l’analyse de à travers l’hémisphère Nord.
    [Show full text]
  • Starch Research Page URL: Last Updated: 14-April-2004 / Du Ethnobotanical Leaflets Starch Research Page
    Journal Contents Back Issues Book Reviews Research Notes Careers Meetings Botany Resources Why study starch? The long and short of it is that size, shape, and optical and chemical properties of starch are useful in the determination of taxonomic species. Starch characteristics can be used in place of, or in combination with other features of the plant to facilitate the identification of macro archaeological plant remains, or even small pieces of modern plant materials which for one reason or the other are lacking the traditional "key" taxonomic characters. As in the case of pollen and phytolith analyses, the study of fossil starch grains can help the ethnobotanist to better understand the diet of ancient human cultures. The taxonomic usefulness of starch was long ago noted by Edward Tyson Reichert (1913), whose monumental work on "The Differentiation and Specificity of Starches in Relation to Genera, Species, Etc." has today become a classic in its field. He writes: "It must have been recognized by Leeuwenhoek, and by many of the investigators of the earliest part of the last century, that starches from different sources are not morphologically identical, but if so it does not seem to have attracted any particular attention until the investigations of Fritzsche (Ann. d. Physik. u. Chernie, 1834, xxxii, 129). Fritzsche described the starches obtained from a variety of plants. He noted not only that the starches from different sources were different, but also that often the form was so characteristic as to determine the plant, or, at least, indicate the genus and family from which the specimen was obtained.
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns in Evolution in Characters That Define Iris Subgenera And
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 34 2006 Patterns in Evolution in Characters That Define rI is Subgenera and Sections Carol A. Wilson Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Wilson, Carol A. (2006) "Patterns in Evolution in Characters That Define rI is Subgenera and Sections," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 34. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/34 Aliso 22, pp. 425-433 © 2006, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION IN CHARACTERS THAT DEFINE IRIS SUBGENERA AND SECTIONS CAROL A. WILSON Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711-3157, USA (carol. wilson@ cgu. edu) ABSTRACT Subgeneric groups have been circumscribed in Iris based on a small number of morphological characters. Recent DNA sequence data has indicated that several of the subgenera, sections, and series that have previously been delineated are paraphyletic or polyphyletic. The evolution of characters that have traditionally been used to distinguish sub generic and sectional groups within Iris was investigated by mapping these characters on a phylogenetic tree based on matK sequence data. Results indicate that rhizomes are pleisomorphic for the genus and that three bulb types have arisen independently. My analysis shows that sepal beards, sepal crests, and seed arils show extensive homoplasy. Most of the homoplasy seen is associated with the circumscription of polyphyletic subgeneric groups such as the beardless subgenus Limniris. Some additional homoplasy is due to diversity within supported clades or the historical use of a single character in circumscribing more than one subgeneric group.
    [Show full text]
  • February 2019 Newsletter
    February 2019 TAIS Newsletter Our 54th year Tucson Area Iris Society—established 1965 An Affiliate of the American Iris Society President’s Message It starts with the green. At long last the iris fans are showing themselves. My records say I should see some blooms in mid-March. I'm hoping for a great bloom season and looking forward to seeing what hybridizer Bob Van Liere has to share with us at our February 9th meeting. - Kevin Kartchner P. S. Have you seen the irises blooming in front of Mesquite Valley Growers? ‘Spice Trader’ (Painter 2010) (AM, HM) ...“If you wish to ensure an iris is available if Hummingbird Iris Garden, Prescott yours would be eaten by a groundhog, sharing is Photo by Sue Clark, 2018 a good idea. You may want a piece back Inside this issue: someday”… - from the AIS Wiki Minutes from the January 2 meeting, Bronze Iris photos Upcoming Events Photos from the January 3 meeting February 9 meeting - Iris breeder Bob Van Liere of Iris4U Gardens in Denver will speak at 1 PM. Doors open at noon. Members are asked to bring a finger Summary of shade cloth, 4-6 fertilizing, and tips food to share and to help set up at noon. Murphy-Wilmot Branch Library, 530 N Wilmot Road, large room. All are welcome. Treasurer’s Report 7 March 9 meeting - Sue Clark presenting a visual tour of Longwood Gardens at 1 PM. Murphy-Wilmot Branch Library, 530 N Wilmot Road, small room. Bronze, Brass, and Gold 7 irises article April 13 - TAIS Iris Show, Murphy-Wilmot Library, 9 AM.
    [Show full text]