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NNT : 2016SACLS250 THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE PARIS-SACLAY, préparée à l’Université Paris-Sud ÉCOLE DOCTORALE N° 567 Sciences du Végétal : du Gène à l’Ecosystème Spécialité de doctorat (Biologie) Par Mlle Nour Abdel Samad Titre de la thèse (CARACTERISATION GENETIQUE DU GENRE IRIS EVOLUANT DANS LA MEDITERRANEE ORIENTALE) Thèse présentée et soutenue à « Beyrouth », le « 21/09/2016 » : Composition du Jury : M., Tohmé, Georges CNRS (Liban) Président Mme, Garnatje, Teresa Institut Botànic de Barcelona (Espagne) Rapporteur M., Bacchetta, Gianluigi Università degli Studi di Cagliari (Italie) Rapporteur Mme, Nadot, Sophie Université Paris-Sud (France) Examinateur Mlle, El Chamy, Laure Université Saint-Joseph (Liban) Examinateur Mme, Siljak-Yakovlev, Sonja Université Paris-Sud (France) Directeur de thèse Mme, Bou Dagher-Kharrat, Magda Université Saint-Joseph (Liban) Co-directeur de thèse UNIVERSITE SAINT-JOSEPH FACULTE DES SCIENCES THESE DE DOCTORAT DISCIPLINE : Sciences de la vie SPÉCIALITÉ : Biologie de la conservation Sujet de la thèse : Caractérisation génétique du genre Iris évoluant dans la Méditerranée Orientale. Présentée par : Nour ABDEL SAMAD Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR ÈS SCIENCES Soutenue le 21/09/2016 Devant le jury composé de : Dr. Georges TOHME Président Dr. Teresa GARNATJE Rapporteur Dr. Gianluigi BACCHETTA Rapporteur Dr. Sophie NADOT Examinateur Dr. Laure EL CHAMY Examinateur Dr. Sonja SILJAK-YAKOVLEV Directeur de thèse Dr. Magda BOU DAGHER KHARRAT Directeur de thèse Titre : Caractérisation Génétique du Genre Iris évoluant dans la Méditerranée Orientale. Mots clés : Iris, Oncocyclus, région Est-Méditerranéenne, relations phylogénétiques, status taxonomique. Résumé : Le genre Iris appartient à la famille des L’approche scientifique est basée sur de nombreux Iridacées, il comprend plus de 280 espèces distribuées outils moléculaires et génétiques tels que : l’analyse de à travers l’hémisphère Nord. La section Oncocyclus la taille du génome, l’étude du caryotype, (Siems.) Baker de ce genre est confinée au Sud-ouest l’organisation du génome basée sur la localisation des de l’Asie et comprend plus de 65 espèces au statut gènes ribosomiques et l’étude de la structuration de la taxonomique souvent discuté. diversité génétique et la phylogénie basée sur des Le genre Iris présente un taux d’endémisme marqueurs moléculaires chloroplastiques. Ainsi, les relativement élevé par rapport à d’autres groupes régions trnL-F et matk de tous les iris du Liban et 26 taxonomiques de son aire de répartition géographique taxa d’Oncocylus de la région Est-Méditerranéenne et plusieurs de ses taxons présentent une valeur ont été séquencées pour élucider les relations patrimoniale. Cependant, la cueillette excessive ainsi phylogénétiques. Les deux techniques Feulgen et que la destruction de leurs habitats naturels menace un FISH ont été appliquées sur plusieurs espèces grand nombre de ces espèces. Oncocyclus du Liban pour comparer leurs caryotypes Le présent travail de thèse porte sur un groupe de et déterminer le nombre et la localisation des gènes taxons des iris de la section Oncocyclus ayant évolué à ribosomiques sur leurs chromosomes. l’est de la région méditerranéenne. L’objectif principal Les études ont été accompagnées par des travaux de de ce travail est d’affirmer le statut taxonomique des terrain afin de suivre l’évolution de la dynamique des espèces et de clarifier les relations phylogénétiques qui taxons endémiques du Liban en vue de leur les relient, une étape nécessaire au développement de préservation. stratégies de conservation appropriées pour ce groupe. Title: Genetic Characterization of Iris Genus evolving in the East Mediterranean Region. Keywords: East Mediterranean region, Iris, Oncocyclus, phylogenetic relationships, taxonomic status. Abstract: The genus Iris belongs to the Iridaceae The scientific approach is based on many molecular family which includes over 280 species distributed and genetic tools such as the analysis of genome size, throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The Oncocyclus the study of the karyotype, genome organization based section (Siems.) Baker of this genus is confined to the on the location of ribosomal genes and the study of the Southwest Asia and includes more than 65 species structure genetic diversity and phylogeny based on which their taxonomic status is often discussed. chloroplast molecular markers. Thus, the trnL-F and The genus Iris has a relatively high rate of endemism matK regions of all Lebanese irises and 26 taxa of compared to other taxonomic groups of its geographic Oncocylus of the East Mediterranean region were range and several of its taxa have a heritage value. sequenced to elucidate phylogenetic relationships. However, overharvesting and the destruction of their Both techniques Feulgen and FISH were applied to natural habitats threaten many of these species. several Oncocyclus species of Lebanon to compare This thesis focuses on a group of taxa of the iris their karyotype and determine the number and the section Oncocyclus evolving in the east Mediterranean location of ribosomal genes on their chromosomes. region, The main objective of this work is to affirm the Studies were accompanied by field work to monitor taxonomic status of the species and to clarify the the dynamics of Lebanon's endemic taxa for their phylogenetic relationships that connect them, a preservation. necessary step in the development of appropriate conservation strategies for this group. Remerciements Soyons reconnaissants aux personnes qui nous donnent du bonheur; elles sont les charmants jardiniers par qui nos âmes sont fleuries. Marcel Proust La recherche n’avancerait-elle pas plus vite, si au lieu de recruter des chercheurs, on engageait des trouveurs ? - Le chat - Au risque d’employer une métaphore un peu hasardeuse, une thèse m’apparaît comme un écosystème en soi, dont la dynamique d’idées change au cours du temps, influencées par de nombreuses perturbations, parfois négatives quand elles sont trop intenses, mais aussi formatrices car même la plus faible des perturbations stimule la régénération d’idées. Elle est aussi très diversifiée en problématiques de recherche, en études, ce qui la rend forte face aux menaces. Dès que j’ai commencé à coloniser mon sujet, j’ai apporté de plus en plus d’énergie, la thèse est devenue de plus en plus stable jusqu’à atteindre un équilibre, comme un iris qui raidit ses pétales contre les brises matinales et défie les rayons brûlants du soleil. Néanmoins, la thèse n’est pas uniquement le travail personnel du doctorant ; elle bénéficie des interactions établies avec les encadreurs, les collègues, les proches et les diverses rencontres imprévues… Ainsi je me dois et j’ai le plaisir de remercier : Monsieur le Vice-recteur aux affaires académiques de l’Université Saint-Joseph, Pr. Toufic Rizk, Monsieur le Doyen, Pr. Richard Maroun pour leur soutien et leur encouragement. En restant dans les murs de la Faculté des Sciences, je voudrais remercier les nombreuses personnes qui, tous les jours, m’ont offert leur bonjour accompagné de leur sourire. En particulier, je désire remercier ma sœur et mon amie Marianne Beainy et Dr. Mireille Kallassy. Dr. Teresa Garnatje et Dr. Gianluigi Bachetta ont accepté d'être les rapporteurs de cette thèse, et je les en remercie, de même que pour leur participation au Jury. Ils ont également contribué par leurs nombreuses remarques et suggestions à améliorer la qualité de ce manuscrit, et je leur en suis très reconnaissante. Dr. Sophie Nadot, vous m’avez fait l'honneur de participer au Jury de soutenance; je vous en remercie profondément. 3 Dr. Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev, ma directrice de thèse, mon idole, ma mère de substitution. Merci, Chef, de m'avoir accompagné sur ce chemin, rempli d'embûches, de m'avoir guidée et enseignée les réflexes du bon chercheur. Vous m'avez appris à me poser les bonnes questions et à y répondre avec le maximum de rigueur. Merci encore de m'avoir montré l'exemple dans la préparation et la rédaction de mes papiers et travaux. Votre écoute, votre générosité, votre patience, votre optimisme et votre extraordinaire force de travail font de vous un exemple … dont j'espère encore pouvoir longtemps profiter ! Pr. Magda Bou Dagher-Kharrat, merci de m’avoir permis de mener ma barque vers un nouvel horizon, la recherche ! Vos paroles : Une thèse, c'est un travail de longue haleine, un défi que l'on se donne à soi- même. En signe de reconnaissance. Je me demande parfois comment vous rendre, en partie du moins, le trésor de sollicitude que vous avez manifesté à mon égard, toutes ces petites ou grandes attentions qui m'ont facilité la vie et l'ont agrémentée. Vous me répondrez peut-être que cette générosité porte en elle-même sa récompense, mais je tiens tout de même à exprimer ma gratitude... Merci Dr. Oriane Hidalgo, la chercheuse brillante dont les grandes capacités ont éclairé tant d’étudiants et de collègues. Merci à la "fantastiqueuse" spécialiste de phylogénie extrêmement douée pour tous ses logiciels et outils. Pr. Georges Tohmé et Pr. Henriette Tohmé : Merci d'être ce que vous êtes, incomparables ! Malgré vos honneurs et vos succès, vous demeurez des chercheurs infatigables et généreux, généreux dans tous les sens du terme. Vous utilisez vos succès pour le mettre au service de votre discipline, la biologie, mais surtout vous engagez toutes vos recherches avec l'idée force de garantir l’avenir de la flore libanaise. Dr. Edouard Makhoul, amoureux des fleurs sauvages du Liban, je tiens à vous remercier d’avoir bien voulu nous aider et enrichir nos connaissances. Odile Robin, l’experte en biologie moléculaire et la cytogénétique, tes solides compétences, tes multiples encouragements répétés : Nour ne t'inquiète pas, tu vas t'en sortir comme une chef ! Ton sourire éclaircit le labo, ton énergie et ta bonne humeur sont hyper communicatives, la chaleur humaine est la plus agréable des chaleurs. Tu es toujours capable ! Tu donnes sans rien attendre en retour, tu penses toujours aux autres. Au « résident permanent » de nos iris, qui nous a fait une visite sans invitation, M.
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    932-933.qxd 14/01/2011 09:13 Õ Page 2 AL BAYAN BUSINESS GUIDE USEFUL NUMBERS Airport International Calls (100) Ports - Information (1) 628000-629065/6 Beirut (1) 580211/2/3/4/5/6 - 581400 - ADMINISTRATION (1) 629125/130 Internal Security Forces (112) Byblos (9) 540054 - Customs (1) 629160 Chika (6) 820101 National Defense (1701) (1702) Jounieh (9) 640038 Civil Defence (125) Saida (7) 752221 Tripoli (6) 600789 Complaints & Review (119) Ogero (1515) Tyr (7) 741596 Consumer Services Protection (1739) Police (160) Water Beirut (1) 386761/2 Red Cross (140) Dbaye (4) 542988- 543471 Electricity (145) (1707) Barouk (5) 554283 Telephone Repairs (113) Jounieh (9) 915055/6 Fire Department (175) Metn (1) 899416 Saida (7) 721271 General Security (1717) VAT (1710) Tripoli (6) 601276 Tyr (7) 740194 Information (120) Weather (1718) Zahle (8) 800235/722 ASSOCIATIONS, SYNDICATES & OTHER ORGANIZATIONS - MARBLE AND CEMENT (1)331220 KESRWAN (9)926135 BEIRUT - PAPER & PACKAGING (1)443106 NORTH METN (4)926072-920414 - PHARMACIES (1)425651-426041 - ACCOUNTANTS (1)616013/131- (3)366161 SOUTH METN (5)436766 - PLASTIC PRODUCERS (1)434126 - ACTORS (1)383407 - LAWYERS - PORT EMPLOYEES (1) 581284 - ADVERTISING (1)894545 - PRESS (1)865519-800351 ALEY (5)554278 - AUDITOR (1)322075 BAABDA (5)920616-924183 - ARTIST (1)383401 - R.D.C.L. (BUSINESSMEN) (1)320450 DAIR AL KAMAR (5)510244 - BANKS (1)970500 - READY WEAR (3)879707-(3)236999 - CARS DRIVERS (1)300448 - RESTAURANTS & CAFE (1)363040 JBEIL (9)541640 - CHEMICAL (1)499851/46 - TELEVISIONS (5)429740 JDEIDET EL METN (1)892548 - CONTRACTORS (5)454769 - TEXTILLES (5)450077-456151 JOUNIEH (9)915051-930750 - TOURISM JOURNALISTS (1)349251 - DENTISTS (1)611222/555 - SOCKS (9)906135 - TRADERS (1)347997-345735 - DOCTORS (1)610710 - TANNERS (9)911600 - ENGINEERS (1)850111 - TRADERS & IND.
  • Extracts Against the Maggots of the Housefly, Musca Domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) and of the Bluebottle Fly, Calliphoravomitoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

    Extracts Against the Maggots of the Housefly, Musca Domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) and of the Bluebottle Fly, Calliphoravomitoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

    Volume-6, Issue-3, July-Sept-2016 Coden: IJPAJX-CAS-USA, Copyrights@2016 ISSN-2231-4490 Received: 28th March 2016 Revised: 16th June 2016 Accepted: 28th July 2016 DOI: 10.21276/Ijpaes http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijpaes Research article EFFECT OF CYCLAMEN LIBANOTICUM (MYRSINACEAE) EXTRACTS AGAINST THE MAGGOTS OF THE HOUSEFLY, MUSCA DOMESTICA (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) AND OF THE BLUEBOTTLE FLY, CALLIPHORAVOMITORIA (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) Fadel Dania*, Hamze Mhammada, Chahine Halaa, Rizk Helenea, Aoun George a aLebanese University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Production. Dekwaneh–Lebanon ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal effect of the tuber extracts isolated from Cyclamen libanoticum against Musca domestica and Calliphora Vomitoria.For this reason, twenty young(second-third) instars of the Musca domestica and Calliphora Vomitoria were exposed separately to various concentrations (0.05 g/ml to 0.2 g/ml) of the extracts. Mortality was recorded after 10, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min) of exposure. The results showed that the young larvae of Musca domestica were more susceptible to the extracts in comparison with Calliphora Vomitoria. A comparison of LC50 and LC90 values has shown that Cyclamen libanoticum wasvery active against both larval flies. Conclusions: This study is the first to report on the larvicidal activity of the extracts of Cyclamen libanoticum against Musca domestica and Calliphora Vomitoria. More studies are needed to isolate and identify the active components involved, their mode of action, and effects on other flies and pest species. Key words: Cyclamen libanoticum, Musca domestica, Calliphora Vomitoria, larvicidal activity, maggots *Corresponding author: Fadel Dani, Lebanese University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Production.