520 Astronomy[and[allied[sciences 520
520520 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 520 [520 *‡Astronomy and allied sciences See Manual at 520 vs. 500.5, 523.1, 530.1, 919.9; also at 520 vs. 523.1,
523.112, 523.8 520520 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 520
SUMMARY
[521 Celestial mechanics [522 Techniques, procedures, apparatus, equipment, materials [523 Specific celestial bodies and phenomena [525 Earth (Astronomical geography) [526 Mathematical geography [527 Celestial navigation [528 Ephemerides
[529 Chronology 520520 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 520 [.153] *‡Physical principles
Do not use; class in 523.01 520520 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 520 [.154] *‡Chemical principles
Do not use; class in 523.02 520520 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 520 [.28] *‡Auxiliary techniques and procedures; apparatus, equipment, materials
Do not use; class in 522 521521 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 521
> [521–525*‡Astronomy Class comprehensive works in 520
For geodetic astronomy, see 526.6 521521 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 521 [521 *‡Celestial mechanics Including equilibrium, problems of three and n bodies Class here motion
Class applications to specific celestial bodies and phenomena in 523 521521 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 521
[.1 *‡Gravitation 521521 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 521 [.3 *‡Orbits
Class here Kepler’s laws 521521 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 521
[.4 *‡Perturbations 521521 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 521 [.9 *‡Precession Including nutation Class corrections of precession in 522.9 522 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 522
522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522 [522 *‡Techniques, procedures, apparatus, equipment, materials Class here astrometry, positional and practical astronomy
Class positional astronomy as an aspect of mathematical geography in 526.6 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522 [.028] *‡Auxiliary techniques and procedures; apparatus, equipment, materials Do not use for general works; class in 522. Do not use for specific
auxiliary techniques and procedures; class in 522.8 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522
> [522.1–522.6*‡Practical astronomy Class comprehensive works in 522 For corrections, see 522.9; for practical astronomy of specific celestial
bodies and phenomena, see 523 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522 [.1 *‡Observatories
Optical and nonoptical 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522 [.109 *‡Historical and persons treatment
Do not use for geographic treatment; class in 522.19 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522 [.19 *‡Geographic treatment Add to base number 522.19 notation 1–9 from Table 2, e.g., space
observatories 522.1919, observatories in China 522.1951 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522 [.2 *‡Astronomical instruments Including meridional instruments [formerly 522.3], extrameridional instruments [formerly 522.4] Class here movable nonspace telescopes; comprehensive works on telescopes For auxiliary instruments, see 522.5; for astronomical instruments in
nonoptical astronomy, see 522.68; for sextants, see 527.0284 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522
[.29 *‡Fixed-location and space telescopes 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522 [.290 9 *‡Historical and persons treatment
Do not use for geographic treatment; class in 522.291–522.299 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522 [.291–.299 *‡Geographic treatment Add to base number 522.29 notation 1–9 from Table 2, e.g., fixed
location telescopes in Chile 522.2983 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522 [.3] *‡Meridional instruments
Relocated to 522.2 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522 [.4] *‡Extrameridional instruments Extrameridional instruments relocated to 522.2; sextants relocated to 527.0284
2 522 Astronomy[and[allied[sciences 522
522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522
[.5 *‡Auxiliary instruments Including chronographs, chronometers
For auxiliary instruments in special methods of observation, see 522.6 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522
[.6 *‡Special methods of observation 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522
[.62 *‡Photometry 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522
[.622 *‡Photographic photometry 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522
[.623 *‡Photoelectric photometry 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522 [.63 *‡Photography
For photographic photometry, see 522.622 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522
[.65 *‡Polarimetry 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522 [.67 *‡Spectroscopy Class spectroscopy of a specific celestial body with the body, plus notation
0287 from Table 1, e.g., spectroscopy of planets 523.40287 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522 [.68 *‡Nonoptical astronomy Class here nonoptical telescopes
For nonoptical observatories, see 522.1 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522
[.682 *‡Radio astronomy 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522
[.683 *‡Infrared astronomy 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522
[.686 *‡Particle methods of observation 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522
[.686 2 *‡Gamma-ray astronomy 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522
[.686 3 *‡X-ray astronomy 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522 [.7 *‡Spherical astronomy Including celestial reference systems
Class comprehensive works on geodetic coordinates in 526.6 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522 [.8 *‡Specific auxiliary techniques and procedures Add to base number 522.8 the numbers following —028 in notation 0285–0289 from Table 1, e.g., testing and measurement 522.87
Class spectroscopy in 522.67 522522 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 522 [.9 *‡Corrections Corrections of aberration, astronomical refraction, parallax, precession; of instrumental errors
3 523 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 523
523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [523 *‡Specific celestial bodies and phenomena Including zodiac Class phenomena of celestial bodies directly comparable to terrestrial phenomena with the terrestrial phenomena in 550, e.g., volcanic activity on Mars 551.21099923
See Manual at 523 vs. 550 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
SUMMARY
[523.01–.02 [Astrophysics and cosmochemistry] [.1 The universe, galaxies, quasars [.2 Planetary systems [.3 Moon [.4 Planets, asteroids, trans-Neptunian objects of solar system [.5 Meteors, solar wind, zodiacal light [.6 Comets [.7 Sun [.8 Stars
[.9 Satellites and rings; eclipses, transits, occultations 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.001–.009] *‡Standard subdivisions
Do not use; class in 520.1–520.9 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.01 *‡Astrophysics
For celestial mechanics, see 521 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.013 *‡Heat Add to base number 523.013 the numbers following 536 in
536.1–536.7, e.g., heat transfer 523.0132 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.015 *‡Light and related radiation Add to base number 523.015 the numbers following 535 in
535.01–535.8, e.g., ultraviolet radiation 523.015014 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.018 *‡Electricity and magnetism Add to base number 523.018 the numbers following 53 in 537–538,
e.g., magnetism 523.0188 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.019 *‡Molecular, atomic, nuclear physics Add to base number 523.019 the numbers following 539 in
539.1–539.7, e.g., cosmic rays 523.0197223 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.02 *‡Cosmochemistry
4 523 Astronomy[and[allied[sciences 523
523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.1 *‡The universe, galaxies, quasars Standard subdivisions are added for the universe, galaxies, quasars together; for the universe alone Class here cosmology See also 523.8875 for black holes See Manual at 520 vs. 500.5, 523.1, 530.1, 919.9; also at 520 vs. 523.1,
523.112, 523.8 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.11 *‡Galaxies and quasars 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.112 *‡Galaxies For Milky Way, see 523.113
See Manual at 520 vs. 523.1, 523.112, 523.8: Stars and galaxies 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.112 5 *‡Interstellar and intergalactic matter Standard subdivisions are added for interstellar and intergalactic matter together, for interstellar matter alone Class here cosmic dust
See also 523.1126 for dark matter 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.112 6 *‡Dark matter 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.113 *‡Milky Way 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.113 5 *‡Interstellar matter Including diffuse and planetary nebulas
For dark matter, see 523.1126 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.115 *‡Quasars 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.12 *‡Cosmogony
For expanding universe theories, see 523.18 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.18 *‡Expanding universe theories
Class here big bang theory 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.19 *‡End of universe theories 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.2 *‡Planetary systems Class here solar system
For specific parts of solar system, see 523.3–523.7 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.24 *‡Extrasolar systems Class here extrasolar planets
5 523 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 523
523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
> [523.3–523.7*‡Specific parts of solar system
Class comprehensive works in 523.2 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.3 *‡Moon 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.31 *‡Constants and dimensions
Including gravity, size, mass 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.32 *‡Optical, electromagnetic, radioactive, thermal phenomena
Including phases 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.33 *‡Orbit and motions
Including librations, sidereal month 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.38 *‡Eclipses 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.4 *‡Planets, asteroids, trans-Neptunian objects of solar system Standard subdivisions are added for planets, asteroids, trans-Neptunian objects of solar system together, for planets of solar system alone Class here comprehensive works on planets, satellites, rings of solar system Add to notation for each number identified by * the numbers following 523.3 in 523.31–523.33, e.g., orbit of Jupiter 523.453 For meteors, see 523.51; for satellites and rings, see 523.98; for transits, occultations, see 523.99; for earth, see 525
See also 523.24 for extrasolar planets 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.41 **Mercury 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.42 **Venus 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.43 **Mars 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.44 *‡Asteroids (Planetoids) Including Ceres
Class comprehensive works on meteors and asteroids in 523.5 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.45 **Jupiter 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.46 **Saturn 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.47 **Uranus 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.48 *‡Neptune and trans-Neptunian objects
Former heading: Trans-Uranian planets 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.481 **Neptune 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.482 **Pluto
*Add as instructed under 523.4
6 523 Astronomy[and[allied[sciences 523
523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.5 *‡Meteors, solar wind, zodiacal light Class here interplanetary matter, comprehensive works on meteors and asteroids
For asteroids, see 523.44 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.51 *‡Meteors Class here meteoroids, meteorites
For meteor showers, see 523.53 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.53 *‡Meteor showers
Including radiant points 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.58 *‡Solar wind 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.59 *‡Zodiacal light
Including counterglow (gegenschein) 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.6 *‡Comets 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.63 *‡Motion and orbits
Class motion and orbits of specific comets in 523.64 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.64 *‡Specific comets 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.640 1–.640 9] *‡Standard subdivisions
Do not use; class in 523.601–523.609 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.642 *‡Halley’s comet 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.66 *‡Physical phenomena and constitution
Class physical phenomena and constitution of specific comets in 523.64 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.7 *‡Sun 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.702 1 *‡Tabulated and related materials
Class sun tables indicating orbits and motions of earth in 525.38 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.71 *‡Constants and dimensions
Including gravity, size, mass 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.72 *‡Optical, electromagnetic, radioactive, thermal phenomena Class here solar energy, solar radiation For phenomena of photosphere, see 523.74; for phenomena of chromosphere and corona, see 523.75
See also 523.59 for zodiacal light 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.73 *‡Motions Including apparent motion, rotation
7 523 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 523
523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.74 *‡Photosphere
Including faculae, solar granulation, sunspots 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.75 *‡Chromosphere and corona Including solar flares and prominences
See also 523.58 for solar wind 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.76 *‡Solar interior 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.78 *‡Eclipses 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.8 *‡Stars Class here comprehensive works on stars and galaxies For galaxies, see 523.112; for sun, see 523.7 See also 523.115 for quasars; also 523.24 for extrasolar systems
See Manual at 520 vs. 523.1, 523.112, 523.8: Stars and galaxies 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.802 87] *‡Testing and measurement
Do not use; class in 523.87 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
> [523.81–523.83*‡Properties and phenomena Class comprehensive works in 523.8 For physical constitution, see 523.86. For properties and phenomena of a specific kind of star or aggregation of stars, see the kind or aggregation, e.g., properties of supernovas 523.84465, properties of of spectral types
523.87 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.81 *‡Constants and dimensions
Including gravity, size, mass, parallax 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.82 *‡Optical, electromagnetic, radioactive, thermal phenomena
Class here stellar radiation 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.822 *‡Magnitudes 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.83 *‡Motion
Including velocity 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.84 *‡Aggregations and variable stars Standard subdivisions are added for aggregations and variable stars together, for aggregations alone Class here comprehensive works on binary stars and clusters For clusters, see 523.85 See also 523.112 for galaxies
8 523 Astronomy[and[allied[sciences 523
523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.841 *‡Binary and multiple stars Standard subdivisions are added for binary and multiple stars together, for binary stars alone Including optical and visual binaries Class here astrometric binaries For spectroscopic binaries, see 523.842; for eclipsing binaries, see
523.8444 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.842 *‡Spectroscopic binaries 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.844 *‡Variable stars 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.844 2 *‡Intrinsic variables
For eruptive variables, see 523.8446 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.844 25 *‡Pulsating variables Class here Cepheids For long-period and semiregular variables, see 523.84426;
for pulsars, see 523.8874 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.844 26 *‡Long-period and semiregular variables 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.844 4 *‡Eclipsing binaries (Extrinsic variables) 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.844 6 *‡Eruptive variables
Including flare stars, novas 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.844 65 *‡Supernovas 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.85 *‡Clusters 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.852 *‡Open clusters 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.855 *‡Globular clusters 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.86 *‡Physical constitution Class physical constitution of a specific kind or aggregation of star with the
kind or aggregation, e.g., constitution of neutron stars 523.8874 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.87 *‡Spectral types Class here spectroscopy, testing and measurement Class spectral types representative of specific stages in the evolution of stars in 523.88. Class spectroscopy of a specific kind or aggregation of star with the kind or aggregation, plus notation 0287 from Table 1, e.g., spectroscopy of neutron stars 523.88740287
9 523 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 523
523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.88 *‡Kinds of stars characteristic of stages of stellar evolution Including giant (R, N, or S spectral type), main sequence, red dwarf, Wolf-Rayet stars; star formation Class here stellar evolution
For intrinsic variables, see 523.8442 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.887 *‡Terminal stages
Including white dwarfs 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.887 4 *‡Neutron stars
Class here pulsars 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.887 5 *‡Black holes 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.9 *‡Satellites and rings; eclipses, transits, occultations 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.91 *‡Transits of Mercury 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523
[.92 *‡Transits of Venus 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.98 *‡Satellites and rings Variant name for satellites: moons Add to base number 523.98 the numbers following 523.4 in 523.43–523.48, e.g., satellites of Jupiter 523.985, orbits of Jovian satellites 523.9853 Subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading
For earth’s moon, see 523.3 523523 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 523 [.99 *‡Eclipses, transits, occultations For transits of Mercury, see 523.91; for transits of Venus, see 523.92. For eclipses of a specific celestial body, see the body, e.g., eclipses of the moon 523.38 [524] *‡[Unassigned]
Most recently used in Edition 14 525525 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 525 [525 *‡Earth (Astronomical geography)
For magnetic properties, see 538.7 525525 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 525 [.1 *‡Constants and dimensions Including size, shape Class determination of size and shape in 526.1
For gravity, see 531.14 525525 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 525
[.2 *‡Optical, radioactive, thermal properties 525525 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 525 [.3 *‡Orbit and motions
10 525 Astronomy[and[allied[sciences 525
525525 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 525
[.35 *‡Rotation 525525 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 525
[.36 *‡Foucault’s pendulum 525525 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 525 [.38 *‡Sun tables
Class here sunrise and sunset tables 525525 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 525 [.5 *‡Seasons and zones of latitude Standard subdivisions are added for seasons and zones of latitude together, for seasons alone Limited to astronomical causes of seasons and zones of latitude
Class climatology in 551.6; class interdisciplinary works on seasons in 508.2525525 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 525 [.7 *‡Twilight
Class here dawn 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526 [526 *‡Mathematical geography Class here cartography, map drawing, map making Class map making for a specific purpose with the purpose, e.g., military map making 623.71 For astronomical geography, see 525
See also 912.014 for map reading 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526 [.022 1] *‡Map drawing
Number discontinued; class in 526 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526 [.1 *‡Geodesy For geodetic surveying, see 526.3; for geodetic astronomy and geographic
positions, see 526.6; for gravity determinations, see 526.7 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526 [.3 *‡Geodetic surveying
Surveying in which curvature of earth is considered 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526
[.31 *‡Reconnaissance surveys 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526
[.32 *‡Bench marks 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526 [.320 9 *‡Historical and persons treatment
Do not use for geographic treatment; class in 526.321–526.329 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526 [.321–.329 *‡Geographic treatment Add to base number 526.32 notation 1–9 from Table 2, e.g., bench marks in California 526.32794
11 526 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 526
526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526 [.33 *‡Triangulation, trilateration, traversing Standard subdivisions are added for triangulation, trilateration, traversing together; for triangulation alone
Including base lines, nets 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526 [.36 *‡Leveling Class here spirit leveling For bench marks, see 526.32; for barometric leveling, see 526.37; for
trigonometric leveling, see 526.38 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526
[.37 *‡Barometric leveling 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526
[.38 *‡Trigonometric leveling 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526 [.6 *‡Geodetic astronomy and geographic positions Standard subdivisions are added for geodetic astronomy and geographic positions together, for geodetic astronomy alone Class here geodetic aspects of positional astronomy; comprehensive works on geodetic coordinates Class comprehensive works on positional astronomy in 522
For coordinates in spherical astronomy, see 522.7 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526 [.61 *‡Latitude
For latitude in celestial navigation, see 527.1 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526 [.62 *‡Longitude
For longitude in celestial navigation, see 527.2 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526
[.63 *‡Azimuth 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526 [.64 *‡Geographic positions Including effect of irregularities of earth’s surface on determining
geographic positions 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526
[.7 *‡Gravity determinations 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526 [.8 *‡Map projections
Class map reading in 912.014 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526
[.82 *‡Conformal projections (Orthomorphic projections) 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526 [.85 *‡Equal-area projections (Equivalent projections)
12 526 Astronomy[and[allied[sciences 526
526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526
[.9 *‡Surveying Class here plane surveying (surveying in which curvature of earth is disregarded), land surveying Class work of chartered surveyors (United Kingdom), interdisciplinary works on land surveys in 333.08; class engineering surveys in 622–629
For geodetic surveying, see 526.3 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526
[.98 *‡Topographic surveying 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526
[.981 *‡Contour surveying 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526 [.982 *‡Photogrammetry
Class here aerial and space surveying 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526
[.982 5 *‡Ground photogrammetry (Terrestrial photogrammetry) 526526 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 526
[.99 *‡Hydrographic surveying 527527 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 527 [527 *‡Celestial navigation For celestial navigation of specific craft, see the craft, e.g., navigation of
nautical craft 623.89 527527 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 527 [.028 4 *‡Apparatus, equipment, materials
Including sextants [formerly 522.4] 527527 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 527
[.1 *‡Latitude 527527 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 527
[.2 *‡Longitude 527527 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 527 [.3 *‡Position determination Including Sumner’s method For determination of latitude, see 527.1; for determination of longitude,
see 527.2 528528 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 528 [528 *‡Ephemerides Variant names: astronomical, nautical almanacs
Class tables of specific celestial bodies in 523 528528 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 528 [.093–.099 *‡Treatment in ancient world, treatment by specific continent Do not use for treatment by specific country or locality; class in
528.1–528.8 528528 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 528 [.1–.8 *‡Ephemerides of specific countries and localities Add to base number 528 the numbers following 06 in 061–068, e.g.,
ephemerides of England 528.2 528528 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 528
[.9 *‡Ephemeris making 529529 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 529 [529 *‡Chronology
13 529 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 529
529529 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 529
[.1 *‡Days
Including apparent and mean days, equation of time, sidereal and solar day529s529 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 529 [.2 *‡Intervals of time Including years, months, weeks For sidereal month, see 523.33; for days, see 529.1
See also 525.5 for seasons 529529 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 529 [.3 *‡Calendars
For western calendars, see 529.4; for calendar reform, see 529.5 529529 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 529 [.32 *‡Calendars of specific religions and traditions Add to base number 529.32 the numbers following 29 in 292–299, e.g., Jewish calendar 529.326; however, for Julian calendar, see 529.42
For Christian calendars, see 529.4 529529 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 529 [.4 *‡Western calendars
Class here Christian calendars 529529 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 529
[.42 *‡Julian calendar 529529 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 529
[.43 *‡Gregorian calendar 529529 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 529 [.44 *‡Christian church calendar
Including determination of movable feasts and fast days 529529 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 529
[.5 *‡Calendar reform 529529 Astronom DeweyiDecimay[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 529 [.7 *‡Horology Finding and measuring time Class time systems and standards in 389.17
For manufacture of instruments for measuring time, see 681.11 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [530 *‡Physics Class here energy, matter, antimatter, classical physics; comprehensive works on classical and quantum mechanics Class quantum mechanics, energy in quantum mechanics in 530.12; class classical mechanics in 531; class energy in classical mechanics in 531.6; class physical chemistry in 541 For astrophysics, see 523.01
14 530 Physics 530
530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530
SUMMARY
[530.01–.09 Standard subdivisions [.1–.8 [Theories, mathematical physics, states of matter, instrumentation, measurement] [531 Classical mechanics [532 Fluid mechanics [533 Pneumatics (Gas mechanics) [534 Sound and related vibrations [535 Light and related radiation [536 Heat [537 Electricity and electronics [538 Magnetism
[539 Modern physics 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530
SUMMARY
[530.01–.09 Standard subdivisions [.1 Theories and mathematical physics [.4 States of matter [.7 Instrumentation
[.8 Measurement 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.01 *‡Philosophy and theory
Do not use for theories; class in 530.1 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.015 1] *‡Mathematical physics
Do not use; class in 530.15 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530
[.02 *‡Miscellany 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.028 4 *‡Materials
Do not use for apparatus and equipment; class in 530.7 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.028 7] *‡Testing and measurement
Do not use; class in 530.8 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530
[.03–.09 *‡Standard subdivisions 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.1 *‡Theories and mathematical physics Standard subdivisions are added for theories and mathematical physics together, for theories alone Including space Class applications to specific states of matter in 530.4
See Manual at 520 vs. 500.5, 523.1, 530.1, 919.9 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.11 *‡Relativity theory Including fourth dimension Class here conservation of mass-energy, equivalence of mass-energy (E=mc2), space-time Class specific relativistic theories in 530.12–530.14
15 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 530
530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.12 *‡Quantum mechanics (Quantum theory) Class here relativistic, nonrelativistic quantum mechanics For quantum statistics, see 530.133; for quantum kinetic theories, see 530.136; for quantum field theory, see 530.143; for quantum electronics, see 537.5
See Manual at 530.475 vs. 530.12, 531.16 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530
[.122 *‡Matrix mechanics (Heisenberg representation) 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.124 *‡Wave mechanics Waves considered as a fundamental property of matter Class here Schrödinger wave mechanics See also 530.141 for waves in electromagnetic theory; also
531.1133 for waves in classical physics 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.13 *‡Statistical mechanics Class here relativistic, nonrelativistic statistical mechanics
Including percolation theory 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530
[.132 *‡Classical statistical mechanics (Boltzmann statistics) 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530
[.133 *‡Quantum statistics (Quantum statistical mechanics) 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.136 *‡Kinetic theories Class here quantum, combined quantum-classical kinetic theories
For classical kinetic theory, see 531.113 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530
[.138 *‡Transport theory 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.14 *‡Field and wave theories Classical, quantum, relativistic, nonrelativistic theories accounting for fundamental particles and interactions Standard subdivisions are added for field and wave theories together, for field theories alone Including problem of few bodies, theory of continuum physics For wave mechanics, see 530.124; for string and superstring theories,
see 539.7258 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.141 *‡Electromagnetic theory Electromagnetic fields and waves considered in terms of fundamental structure of matter Including Maxwell’s equations Class electromagnetic spectrum and waves in 539.2 See also 537.1 for theories of electricity; also 538.01 for theories of magnetism
16 530 Physics 530
530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.142 *‡Unified field theory
Class here grand unified theory 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.142 3 *‡Supergravity Class here comprehensive works on supergravity and supersymmetry
For supersymmetry, see 539.725 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530
[.143 *‡Quantum field theory 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530
[.143 3 *‡Quantum electrodynamics [formerly 537.67] 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530
[.143 5 *‡Gauge fields 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530
[.144 *‡Problem of many bodies 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.15 *‡Mathematical physics Add to base number 530.15 the numbers following 51 in 511–519, e.g., statistics 530.1595 Class mathematical description of physical phenomena according to a
specific theory with the theory in 530.1, e.g., statistical mechanics 530.13530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.4 *‡States of matter Class here quantum mechanics of specific states of matter; sound, light, heat, electricity, magnetism as properties of a specific state of matter Unless other instructions are given, class a subject with aspects in two or more subdivisions of 530.4 in the number coming last, e.g., tunneling in thin films 530.4175 (not 530.416)
For superconductivity and superconductors, see 537.623 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.41 *‡Solid-state physics Class here physics of condensed matter For liquid-state physics, see 530.42; for crystallography, see 548
See Manual at 548 vs. 530.41 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.411 *‡Structure
Including electron arrangement, lattice dynamics 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.412 *‡Properties
Including elastic, electrical, magnetic, optical, thermal properties 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.413 *‡Kinds Including amorphous, crystalline and noncrystalline, metallic and nonmetallic, ordered and disordered, organic, porous solids; polymers; solid particles For dielectric matter, see 537.24; for semiconductors, see 537.622; for crystals, see 548
17 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 530
530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.414 *‡Phase transformations Transformations between different phases of condensed matter,
between solid and gas phases 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.415 *‡Diffusion and mass transfer Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading
Class transport theory in 530.138 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.416 *‡Responsive behavior and energy phenomena Including bombardment, collisions, emission, excitation, excited states, excitons, field effects, internal friction, ion implantation, Jahn-Teller effect, Josephson effect, oscillation, phonons, radiation effect, relaxation, scattering, sputtering, tunneling, vibration Class responsive behavior and energy phenomena in semiconductors in 537.622
See Manual at 530.416 vs. 539.75 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.417 *‡Surface physics Class here interface with other states of matter
Class surface physics of semiconductors in 537.622 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.417 5 *‡Thin films
Class comprehensive works on thin films in 530.4275 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.42 *‡Liquid-state physics Including superfluidity Class here fluid-state physics
For gaseous-state physics, see 530.43 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.424 *‡Phase transformations Transformations between different fluid phases Including critical points
Class phase transformations between fluids and solids in 530.414 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.425 *‡Diffusion and mass transfer Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading Including Brownian motion in liquids, osmosis See Manual at 530.475 vs. 530.12, 531.16
18 530 Physics 530
530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.427 *‡Surface physics Including capillarity, drops, surface tension Class here interface with gases Class interface with solids in 530.417; class surface tension of thin
films in 530.4275 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.427 5 *‡Thin films
Class here bubbles 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.429 *‡Liquid crystals
Including liquid polymers 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.43 *‡Gaseous-state physics Class interface with solids in 530.417; class interface with liquids in 530.427; class ionization of gases in 530.444
For plasma physics, see 530.44 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.435 *‡Diffusion and mass transfer
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.44 *‡Plasma physics Physics of ionized gases Add to base number 530.44 the numbers following 530.41 in 530.412–530.416, e.g., optical properties of plasmas 530.442, ionization of gases 530.444
See also 537.532 for ionization of gases in electronics 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.47 *‡Generalities of states of matter
For generalities of specific states of matter, see 530.41–530.44 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.474 *‡Phase transformations Variant names: phase changes, phase transitions Including critical phenomena, e.g., critical points; phase diagrams, equilibria, stability; triple points Class here analysis of phase transformations to matter at the molecular and submolecular level; changes of state Class phase transformations between different phases of condensed matter, between solids and gases in 530.414; class phase transformations between fluid phases in 530.424; class phase transformations between plasmas and other states of matter in 530.444
19 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 530
530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.475 *‡Diffusion and mass transfer Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading Variant name for mass transfer: mass transport Class here Brownian motion For heat transfer, see 536.2
See Manual at 530.475 vs. 530.12, 531.16 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.7 *‡Instrumentation
Instrumentation for measurement, control, recording 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.8 *‡Measurement Including dimensional analysis, testing Class here interdisciplinary works on measurement, on mensuration Class instrumentation for measurement in 530.7 For horology, see 529.7. For measurement, mensuration in a specific subject, see the subject, plus notation 0287 from Table 1, e.g., psychological measurement 150.287
See also 516.15 for geometric mensuration 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.801 *‡Philosophy and theory
Class here measurement theory 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530
[.802 *‡Miscellany 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.802 1] *‡Tabulated and related material
Do not use; class in 530.81 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.81 *‡Physical units and constants Standard subdivisions are added for physical units and constants together, for physical units alone Including dimensions, interdisciplinary works on size Class here conversion tables between systems, systems of measurement, tabulated and related materials, weights and measures Class units of dimension and size in metric system in 530.812; class units of dimension and size in British system in 530.813 For social aspects of systems of measurement, see 389.1. For a specific
aspect of size, see the aspect, e.g., size of business enterprise 338.64 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.810 21] *‡Tabulated and related material
Do not use; class in 530.81 530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.812 *‡Metric system (Système international, SI)
20 530 Physics 530
530 DeweyiDecimaliClassification530 Physics 530 [.813 *‡British system Variant names: English, Imperial system
Class here United States customary units 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [531 *‡Classical mechanics Variant names: mechanics, continuum mechanics, Newtonian mechanics Class here solid mechanics
For fluid mechanics, see 532 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.015 195 *‡Statistical mathematics
Class classical statistical mechanics in 530.132 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.1 *‡Dynamics, statics, mass and gravity, particle mechanics
Including pressure, mechanics of points 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.101–.109] *‡Standard subdivisions
Do not use; class in 531.01–531.09 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.11 *‡Dynamics
For particle dynamics, see 531.163; for solid dynamics, see 531.3 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.112 *‡Kinematics Motion considered apart from mass and force Including linear and relative motion, velocity, acceleration, vector
quantities; search for a moving target 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.113 *‡Kinetics Including centrifugal and centripetal forces, rotational motion
Class comprehensive works on motion in 531.11 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.113 3 *‡Waves Waves observable in matter of classical physics Including shock waves See also 530.124 for waves considered as a fundamental
property of matter 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.113 4 *‡Rheology (Deformation and flow) Including viscosity and friction Most works on deformation are limited to solids and are classed in 531.38; most works on flow are limited to fluids and are classed in 532.051
21 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 531
531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.12 *‡Statics Including graphic statics
For particle statics, see 531.16; for solid statics, see 531.2 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.14 *‡Mass and gravity Including density, gravity of earth, specific gravity Class geodetic gravity determinations in 526.7 For gravity in celestial mechanics, see 521.1
See also 539.754 for fundamental gravitational interaction 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.16 *‡Particle mechanics Class here mechanics of solid particles Class mechanics of molecular, atomic, and subatomic particles (quantum mechanics) in 530.12 See also 620.43 for fine particle technology
See Manual at 530.475 vs. 530.12, 531.16 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531
[.163 *‡Dynamics 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531
> [531.2–531.5*‡Mechanics of solids Class here mechanics of rigid bodies Class comprehensive works in 531
For mechanics of solid particles, see 531.16 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.2 *‡Solid statics
Including graphic statics 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.3 *‡Solid dynamics Including solid kinematics Class here solid kinetics
For friction and viscosity, see 531.4; for ballistics, see 531.55 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.32 *‡Vibrations
Class here oscillations 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531
[.324 *‡Pendulum motion 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.33 *‡Waves Including shock waves
22 531 Physics 531
531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.34 *‡Rotational motion (Spin) Class here gyrodynamics
For centrifugal and centripetal forces, see 531.35 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.35 *‡Centrifugal and centripetal forces
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.38 *‡Deformation; stresses and strains Standard subdivisions are added for deformation, stresses, strains together;
for deformation alone 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.381 *‡Stresses and strains Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading Including elastic constants, Poisson’s ratio, yield point Class application to elasticity in 531.382; class application to plasticity
in 531.385 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.382 *‡Elasticity Variant names: elastic, temporary deformation Including elastic limit, coefficient of restitution Class here Hooke’s law
Class elastic vibrations in 531.32 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.385 *‡Plasticity
Variant names: permanent, plastic deformation 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.4 *‡Friction and viscosity of solids
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.5 *‡Mass and gravity of solids; projectiles
Including laws of falling bodies 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.54 *‡Density and specific gravity
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.55 *‡Projectiles
Class here ballistics 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.6 *‡Energy Including momentum, work Class comprehensive works on energy in physics in 530; class interdisciplinary works on energy in 333.79
23 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 531
531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.62 *‡Conservation of energy See also 333.7916 for programs to conserve energy; also 530.11 for
conservation of mass-energy 531 DeweyiDecimaliClassification531 Physics 531 [.68 *‡Transformation Change in form of energy For a specific transformation, see the resultant form, e.g.,
transformation of light to heat 536 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [532 *‡Fluid mechanics Class here hydraulics (hydromechanics), liquid mechanics
For pneumatics, see 533 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532
[.001–.009 *‡Standard subdivisions 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532
> [532.02–532.05*‡Fluid statics and dynamics
Class comprehensive works in 532 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [.02 *‡Statics Including buoyancy
For liquid statics, see 532.2 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [.05 *‡Dynamics Including kinematics, vibrations Class here kinetics
For liquid dynamics, see 532.5 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [.051 *‡Flow Including boundary layers Class waves and vortex motion in 532.059
For types of flow, see 532.052; for flow properties, see 532.053 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [.052 *‡Types of flow Class properties of specific types of flow in 532.053
For viscous flow, see 532.0533; for rotational flow, see 532.0595532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532
[.052 5 *‡Laminar flow 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532
[.052 6 *‡Transitional flow 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532
[.052 7 *‡Turbulent flow 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532
[.053 *‡Flow properties 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [.053 2 *‡Velocity
24 532 Physics 532
532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532
[.053 3 *‡Viscosity and friction Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading
Class here viscous flow 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [.053 5 *‡Elasticity and compressibility
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532
[.059 *‡Waves and vortex motion 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [.059 3 *‡Waves
Including shock waves 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [.059 5 *‡Vortex motion Including centrifugal and centripetal forces
Class here rotational flow 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532
> [532.2–532.5*‡Hydraulics In sense of liquid mechanics
Class comprehensive works in 532 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [.2 *‡Hydrostatics In sense of liquid statics
See also 532.02 for hydrostatics in sense of fluid statics 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [.25 *‡Buoyancy
Class here floating, sinking 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532
[.4 *‡Mass, density, specific gravity of liquids 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [.5 *‡Hydrodynamics In sense of liquid dynamics Including kinematics Class here kinetics
See also 532.05 for hydrodynamics in sense of fluid dynamics 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [.51 *‡Flow Class waves and vortex motion in 532.59 For flow variations, see 532.52–532.56; for flow properties, see
532.58; for rotational flow, see 532.595 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532
[.515 *‡Laminar flow 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532
[.516 *‡Transitional flow 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [.517 *‡Turbulent flow
25 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 532
532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532
> [532.52–532.56*‡Flow variations
Class comprehensive works in 532.51 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532
[.52 *‡Flow through openings 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [.53 *‡Flow over and around obstacles
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [.54 *‡Flow through open and closed channels
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [.55 *‡Flow through bends and irregular enclosures
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [.56 *‡Flow when pressure is variable
Including flow over and around submerged bodies, multiphase flow 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532
[.57 *‡Flow velocity 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [.58 *‡Flow properties Including elasticity and compressibility, viscosity and friction, viscous flow For flow velocity, see 532.57 See also 536.413 for expansion and contraction of liquids as a result of
heating and cooling 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532
[.59 *‡Waves, vortex motion, cavitation 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [.593 *‡Waves
Including shock waves 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532 [.595 *‡Vortex motion
Class here rotational flow 532 DeweyiDecimaliClassification532 Physics 532
[.597 *‡Cavitation 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533 [533 *‡Pneumatics (Gas mechanics)
533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533
> [533.1–533.5*‡Specific aspects of pneumatics (gas mechanics)
Class comprehensive works in 533 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533 [.1 *‡Statics; mass, density, specific gravity For vacuums, see 533.5
26 533 Physics 533
533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533 [.12 *‡Statics Including buoyancy
For aerostatics, see 533.61 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533
[.15 *‡Mass, density, specific gravity 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533 [.2 *‡Dynamics Including kinematics Class here kinetics
For aerodynamics, see 533.62; for kinetic theory of gases, see 533.7 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533 [.21 *‡Flow Class waves and vortex motion in 533.29 For flow at specific speeds, see 533.27; for flow properties, see 533.28;
for rotational flow, see 533.295 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533
[.215 *‡Laminar flow 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533
[.216 *‡Transitional flow 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533
[.217 *‡Turbulent flow 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533 [.27 *‡Flow at specific speeds
Class here velocity 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533
[.273 *‡Subsonic flow 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533
[.274 *‡Transonic flow 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533 [.275 *‡Supersonic flow
For hypersonic flow, see 533.276 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533
[.276 *‡Hypersonic flow 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533 [.28 *‡Flow properties Including elasticity and compressibility, viscosity and friction, viscous flow Class flow properties at specific speeds in 533.27 See also 536.412 for expansion and contraction of gases resulting from
heating and cooling 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533
[.29 *‡Waves and vortex motion 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533 [.293 *‡Waves
Including shock waves 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533 [.295 *‡Vortex motion
Class here rotational flow 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533 [.5 *‡Vacuums
27 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 533
533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533
[.6 *‡Aeromechanics Including mass, density, specific gravity of air
For vacuums, see 533.5 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533 [.61 *‡Aerostatics
Including buoyancy 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533
[.62 *‡Aerodynamics 533 DeweyiDecimaliClassification533 Physics 533
[.7 *‡Kinetic theory of gases 534 DeweyiDecimaliClassification534 Physics 534
> [534–538*‡Specific forms of energy Class here transformation into specific forms of energy Class specific forms of energy as properties of specific states of matter in 530.4; class comprehensive works in 530; class comprehensive works on transformation of energy in 531.68
For mechanical energy, see 531.6 534 DeweyiDecimaliClassification534 Physics 534 [534 *‡Sound and related vibrations Standard subdivisions are added for sound and related vibrations together, for
sound alone 534 DeweyiDecimaliClassification534 Physics 534
> [534.1–534.3*‡Sound
Class comprehensive works in 534 534 DeweyiDecimaliClassification534 Physics 534
[.1 *‡Generation of sound 534 DeweyiDecimaliClassification534 Physics 534
[.2 *‡Transmission of sound 534 DeweyiDecimaliClassification534 Physics 534
[.200 1–.200 9 *‡Standard subdivisions 534 DeweyiDecimaliClassification534 Physics 534
[.202 *‡Velocity 534 DeweyiDecimaliClassification534 Physics 534
[.204 *‡Reflection (Echoes) 534 DeweyiDecimaliClassification534 Physics 534
[.208 *‡Absorption (Damping) 534 DeweyiDecimaliClassification534 Physics 534
[.22 *‡Transmission in solids 534 DeweyiDecimaliClassification534 Physics 534
[.23 *‡Transmission in liquids 534 DeweyiDecimaliClassification534 Physics 534
[.24 *‡Transmission in gases 534 DeweyiDecimaliClassification534 Physics 534 [.3 *‡Characteristics of sound
Including Doppler effect 534 DeweyiDecimaliClassification534 Physics 534 [.5 *‡Vibrations related to sound Class here vibrations that can not be heard by the human ear
28 534 Physics 534
534 DeweyiDecimaliClassification534 Physics 534
[.52 *‡Subsonic vibrations 534 DeweyiDecimaliClassification534 Physics 534
[.55 *‡Ultrasonic vibrations 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535 [535 *‡Light and related radiation Standard subdivisions are added for light and related radiation together, for light alone Class here optics
See also 537.56 for electron and ion optics 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535 [.01 *‡Infrared and ultraviolet radiation; philosophy and theory of light and related radiation Class here radiation of nonvisible spectral regions
Class a specific element of infrared and ultraviolet radiation in 535.2–535.6535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.010 1–.010 9 *‡Standard subdivisions of infrared and ultraviolet radiation 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535 [.012 *‡Infrared radiation
Class heat radiation in 536.3 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535 [.013] *‡Visible region
Number discontinued; class in 535 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.014 *‡Ultraviolet radiation 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535 [.019 *‡Philosophy and theory of light and related radiation Add to base number 535.019 the numbers following —01 in notation 011–019 from Table 1, e.g., abbreviations and symbols in optics 535.01948
Class theories in 535.1 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.02 *‡Miscellany 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535 [.028 *‡Auxiliary techniques and procedures; apparatus, equipment, materials
Class spectroscopy in 535.84 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535 [.1 *‡Theories
See also 539.7217 for photons 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.12 *‡Corpuscular theory 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.13 *‡Mechanical wave theory 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.14 *‡Electromagnetic theory 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535 [.15 *‡Quantum theory
29 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 535
535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
> [535.2–535.6*‡Specific elements of light Class comprehensive works in 535
For spectroscopy, see 535.84 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535 [.2 *‡Physical optics Including coherent and nonlinear optics
For dispersion of light, see 535.4; for beams, see 535.5 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.22 *‡Intensity of light 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535 [.220 287 *‡Testing and measurement
Class here photometry 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.24 *‡Velocity of light 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.3 *‡Transmission, absorption, emission of light 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.32 *‡Geometrical optics 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.323 *‡Reflection 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.324 *‡Refraction 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.326 *‡Absorption 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.35 *‡Luminescence 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535 [.352 *‡Fluorescence
Class fluorescence by source of exciting energy in 535.355–535.357 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535 [.353 *‡Phosphorescence Class phosphorescence by source of exciting energy in
535.355–535.357 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
> [535.355–535.357*‡Luminescence by source of exciting energy Class comprehensive works in 535.35
For chemiluminescence, see 541.35; for bioluminescence, see 572.4358 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.355 *‡Photoluminescence 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.356 *‡Thermoluminescence 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.357 *‡Electroluminescence 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535 [.4 *‡Dispersion of light Including shadows Class comprehensive works on beams and their dispersion in 535.5 See also 774.0153 for physical properties of holography
30 535 Physics 535
535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.42 *‡Diffraction 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535 [.420 284 *‡Apparatus, equipment, materials Class here interdisciplinary works on prisms For a specific aspect of prisms, see the aspect, e.g.,
geometry of prisms 516.156 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.43 *‡Scattering 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.47 *‡Interference 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.5 *‡Beams 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.52 *‡Polarization 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.6 *‡Color 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.8 *‡Special developments of light and related radiation 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535 [.84 *‡Optical, infrared, ultraviolet spectroscopy Class here comprehensive works on spectroscopy in physics Class interdisciplinary works on spectroscopy in 543.5 For a specific kind of spectroscopy in physics other than optical, infrared, or ultraviolet, see the kind, e.g., radiofrequency spectroscopy
537.534 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.842 *‡Infrared spectroscopy 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.843 *‡Light spectroscopy 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.844 *‡Ultraviolet spectroscopy 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535
[.845 *‡Vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy 535 DeweyiDecimaliClassification535 Physics 535 [.846 *‡Raman spectroscopy
Including Raman effect 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [536 *‡Heat
536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.01 *‡Philosophy and theory
Do not use for theories; class in 536.1 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536
[.1 *‡Theories 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.2 *‡Heat transfer
For radiation, see 536.3 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.200 1–.200 9 *‡Standard subdivisions
31 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 536
536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.201 *‡Heat-transfer properties of matter Class specific heat in 536.6 For heat-transfer properties of matter at low temperatures, see 536.56; for heat-transfer properties of matter at high temperatures, see 536.57
See also 620.11296 for thermal properties of engineering materials536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536
[.201 2 *‡Thermal conductivity 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536
[.201 4 *‡Thermal diffusivity 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.23 *‡Conduction Class here heat transfer in solids Class thermal conductivity in 536.2012
For conduction in fluids, see 536.25 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.25 *‡Convection
Class here heat transfer in fluids 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.3 *‡Radiation
Class here absorption, scattering 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.4 *‡Effects of heat on matter Class here effects of heat that can be readily observed or measured with simple
instruments 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.41 *‡Expansion and contraction Class here coefficients of expansion Class expansion and contraction in fusion and solidification in 536.42;
class expansion and contraction in vaporization and condensation in 536.44536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.412 *‡Gases For liquefaction and solidification of gases at low temperatures, see
536.56 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536
[.413 *‡Liquids 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536
[.414 *‡Solids 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.42 *‡Fusion (Melting) and solidification Including freezing and melting points, latent heat of fusion and solidification Class comprehensive works on fusion and solidification (536.42) and vaporization and condensation (536.44) in 536.4
32 536 Physics 536
536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.44 *‡Vaporization and condensation Including boiling points, dew points, latent heat of evaporation and condensation, liquefaction of gases
For liquefaction of gases at low temperatures, see 536.56 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.5 *‡Temperature
Class here absolute temperature 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.502 87 *‡Testing and measurement Including resistance thermometry Class here thermometry For measurement at a specific range of temperature, see
536.51–536.54 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536
> [536.51–536.54*‡Measurement at a specific range of temperature
Class comprehensive works in 536.50287 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.51 *‡Measurement of normal-range temperatures
Including liquid-in-glass thermometry 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.52 *‡Measurement of high temperatures (Pyrometry)
Including thermocouples 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536
[.54 *‡Measurement of low temperatures (Cryometry) 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.56 *‡Cryogenics and low temperatures Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading Including liquefaction and solidification of gases at low temperatures, properties of matter at low temperatures Class a specific property of matter at low temperature with the property,
e.g., conduction of electricity at low temperatures 537.62 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.560 287 *‡Testing
Do not use for measurement; class in 536.54 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.57 *‡High temperatures Including properties of matter at high temperature Class a specific property of matter at high temperature with the property,
e.g., conduction of electricity 537.62 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.570 287 *‡Testing Do not use for measurement; class in 536.52
33 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 536
536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536
[.6 *‡Specific heat Class here calorimetry, heat capacity Class heat of transformation in fusion and solidification in 536.42; class heat of
transformation in vaporization and condensation in 536.44 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536
[.63 *‡Solids and liquids 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536
[.65 *‡Gases 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536
[.7 *‡Thermodynamics 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.701 *‡Philosophy and theory
Do not use for theories; class in 536.71 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536 [.71 *‡Theories Including Carnot cycle, Joule’s law, Maxwell’s thermodynamic formulas
Class here laws of thermodynamics 536 DeweyiDecimaliClassification536 Physics 536
[.73 *‡Entropy 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [537 *‡Electricity and electronics Standard subdivisions are added for electricity and electronics together, for electricity alone Class here electromagnetism Class interdisciplinary works on electricity in 333.7932
For magnetism, see 538 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.01 *‡Philosophy and theory
Do not use for theories; class in 537.1 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537
[.1 *‡Theories 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.12 *‡Wave theories
Class electromagnetic theory of matter in 530.141 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537
[.2 *‡Electrostatics 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.21 *‡Electric charge and potential Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading
Including triboelectricity 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.24 *‡Dielectrics
Including electrets, electrocapillarity, electrostriction 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537
[.243 *‡Dipole moments 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.244 *‡Piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity See also 548.85 for electrical properties of crystals
34 537 Physics 537
537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537
[.244 6 *‡Piezoelectricity 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537
[.244 8 *‡Ferroelectricity 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.5 *‡Electronics Including exploding wire phenomena Class here quantum electronics
For semiconductors, see 537.622 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.52 *‡Disruptive discharges Including coronas, electric arcs
Class discharge through rarefied gases and vacuums in 537.53 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537
[.53 *‡Discharge through rarefied gases and vacuums 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.532 *‡Ionization of gases
Class comprehensive works on ionization of gases in 530.444 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.534 *‡Radio wave and microwave electronics Standard subdivisions are added for radio wave and microwave electronics together, for radio wave electronics alone
Class here spectroscopy 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537
[.534 2 *‡Long waves 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537
[.534 3 *‡Short waves 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537
[.534 4 *‡Microwaves and ultrahigh-frequency waves 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537
[.535 *‡X-ray and gamma-ray electronics 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.535 2 *‡Spectroscopy Including Mössbauer spectroscopy and effect Class a specific application of spectroscopy with the application,
e.g., X-ray spectroscopy in chemical analysis 543.62 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.54 *‡Photoelectric phenomena
Including photoconductivity, photoemission, photovoltaic effect 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.56 *‡Electron and ion optics Standard subdivisions are added for electron and ion optics together, for
electron optics alone 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.6 *‡Electrodynamics (Electric currents) and thermoelectricity Standard subdivisions are added for electrodynamics and thermoelectricity
together, for electrodynamics alone 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.62 *‡Electric conductivity and resistance For dielectrics, see 537.24
35 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 537
537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.622 *‡Semiconductivity
Class here solid-state physics of semiconductors 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.622 1 *‡Structure of semiconductors
Class structure of specific kinds of semiconductors in 537.6223 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.622 3 *‡Kinds of semiconductors Class diffusion and mass transfer in specific kinds of semiconductors in 537.6225; class interactions in and specific
properties of specific kinds of semiconductors in 537.6226 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.622 5 *‡Diffusion and mass transfer in semiconductors
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.622 6 *‡Interactions in and specific properties of semiconductors Including effects of beams and electromagnetic fields, Hall effects;
adsorption, instabilities, resistivity, tunneling 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.623 *‡Superconductivity Class here solid-state physics of superconductors Add to base number 537.623 the numbers following 537.622 in
537.6221–537.6226, e.g., ternary superconductors 537.6233 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537
[.624 *‡Thermal effects of currents 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537
[.65 *‡Thermoelectricity 537 DeweyiDecimaliClassification537 Physics 537 [.67] *‡Quantum electrodynamics
Relocated to 530.1433 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538 [538 *‡Magnetism
538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538
[.3 *‡Magnetic properties and phenomena Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading Including hysteresis, magnetic moment and relaxation
Class specific magnetic substances and their characteristic phenomena in 538.4538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538
[.36 *‡Magnetic resonance 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538 [.362 *‡Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) Including nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR), electron-nuclear
double resonance (ENDOR) 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538 [.364 *‡Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) Variant name: electron spin resonance (ESR)
36 538 Physics 538
538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538
[.4 *‡Magnetic substances and their characteristic phenomena Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading Class here magnetic induction, natural magnets
Class comprehensive works on specific magnetic phenomena in 538.3 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538
[.42 *‡Diamagnetism 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538
[.43 *‡Paramagnetism 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538
[.44 *‡Ferromagnetism 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538
[.45 *‡Ferrimagnetism 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538
[.6 *‡Magnetohydrodynamics 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538 [.7 *‡Geomagnetism and related phenomena Standard subdivisions are added for geomagnetism and related phenomena
together, for geomagnetism alone 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538 [.709 *‡Historical, geographic, persons treatment Do not use for geographic treatment of magnetic surveys; class in 538.78. Do not use for geographic treatment of magnetic observations
at observatories; class in 538.79 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538 [.72 *‡Magnetic fields of solid earth Class here secular variations Class transient variations in magnetism of solid earth in 538.74; class observations of magnetic fields of solid earth at observatories in 538.79
For magnetic surveys, see 538.78 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538 [.727 *‡Paleomagnetism Class here geomagnetic reversals, paleomagnetic observations at
observatories, paleomagnetic surveys 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538 [.74 **Transient magnetism
For auroras, see 538.768 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538
[.742 **Diurnal variations 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538
[.744 **Magnetic storms 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538
[.746 **Sunspot effects 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538
[.748 **Earth currents 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538 [.76 *‡Magnetosphere, ionosphere, auroras
*Do not use notation 09 from Table 1 for magnetic observations at permanent observatories; class in 538.79
37 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 538
538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538 [.766 *‡Magnetosphere Including Van Allen radiation belts
Class transient magnetism of magnetosphere in 538.74 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538 [.767 *‡Ionosphere
Class here atmospheric ionization 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538
[.767 2 *‡D region 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538 [.767 3 *‡E region
Variant name: Kennelly-Heaviside layers 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538 [.767 4 *‡F region
Variant name: Appleton layers 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538 [.768 *‡Auroras
Class here northern lights 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538 [.78 *‡Magnetic surveys
For paleomagnetic surveys, see 538.727 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538 [.780 9 *‡Historical and persons treatment
Do not use for geographic treatment; class in 538.781–538.789 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538 [.781–.789 *‡Geographic treatment Add to base number 538.78 notation 1–9 from Table 2, e.g., surveys of
Ireland 538.78415 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538 [.79 *‡Magnetic observations at observatories
For paleomagnetic observations at observatories, see 538.727 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538 [.790 9 *‡Historical and persons treatment
Do not use for geographic treatment; class in 538.791–538.799 538 DeweyiDecimaliClassification538 Physics 538 [.791–.799 *‡Geographic treatment Add to base number 538.79 notation 1–9 from Table 2, e.g., findings
from observatories in Russia 538.7947 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [539 *‡Modern physics Class here quantum physics For theories of modern physics, see 530.1; for states of matter, see 530.4; for modern physics of specific forms of energy, see 534–538
38 539 Physics 539
539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
SUMMARY
[539.01 Philosophy and theory [.1 Structure of matter [.2 Radiation (Radiant energy) [.6 Molecular physics
[.7 Atomic and nuclear physics 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.01 *‡Philosophy and theory
Do not use for theories; class in 530.1 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.015 1] *‡Mathematical principles
Do not use; class in 530.15 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.1 *‡Structure of matter
For structure of specific states of matter, see 530.4 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.12 *‡Molecular structure Use 539.12 only for studies of molecular structure without reference to chemical characteristics. Prefer 541.22 if there is discussion of chemical
phenomena 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.14 *‡Atomic structure
For nuclear structure, see 539.74 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.2 *‡Radiation (Radiant energy) Class here electromagnetic radiation, spectrum, waves For a specific kind of radiation, see the kind, e.g., ultraviolet radiation
535.014, ionizing radiation 539.722 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.6 *‡Molecular physics Atom-atom and molecule-molecule relationships Including molecular and vibrational spectra
For molecular structure, see 539.12 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.602 87 *‡Testing and measurement Class here comprehensive works on mass spectrometry in physics Class interdisciplinary works on mass spectrometry in 543.65 For spectrometry of a specific nonmolecular particle, see the
particle, e.g., atomic spectrometry 539.7 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.7 *‡Atomic and nuclear physics Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading For atomic structure, see 539.14
39 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 539
539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
SUMMARY
[539.72 Particle physics; ionizing radiation [.73 Particle acceleration [.74 Nuclear structure [.75 Nuclear activities and interactions [.76 High-energy physics
[.77 Detecting and measuring particles and radioactivity 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.72 *‡Particle physics; ionizing radiation Standard subdivisions are added for particle physics and ionizing radiation together, for particle physics alone Class here antiparticles, relativistic particles For field and wave theories accounting for fundamental particles, see 530.14; for particle acceleration, see 539.73; for nuclear activities and interactions, see 539.75; for detection and measurement of particles
and radioactivity, see 539.77 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.720 287] *‡Testing and measurement
Do not use; class in 539.77 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.721 *‡Specific kinds of subatomic particles Including bosons, fermions, Regge poles
Class subatomic particles considered as a cosmic ray in 539.7223 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.721 01–.721 09] *‡Standard subdivisions
Do not use; class in 539.7201–539.7209 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.721 1 *‡Leptons
For neutrinos, see 539.7215; for photons, see 539.7217 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.721 12 *‡Electrons Including beta particles For beta positrons, see 539.7214
See also 537.5 for electronics 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.721 14 *‡Muons (Mu-mesons) 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.721 2 *‡Nucleons
For neutrons, see 539.7213 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.721 23 *‡Protons Class here antiprotons
Class protons considered as cosmic rays in 539.7223 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.721 3 *‡Neutrons 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.721 4 *‡Positrons
40 539 Physics 539
539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.721 5 *‡Neutrinos 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.721 6 *‡Hadrons
Class here strange particles and strangeness 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.721 62 *‡Mesons Including pions (pi-mesons), kaons (K-mesons)
For mu-mesons, see 539.72114 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.721 64 *‡Baryons Including hyperons
For nucleons, see 539.7212 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.721 67 *‡Quarks Including quantum flavor
See also 539.7548 for quantum chromodynamics 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.721 7 *‡Photons
See also 539.756 for photonuclear reactions 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.722 *‡Ionizing radiation For a specific kind of ionizing radiation not provided for here, see the kind, e.g., alpha particles 539.7232
See also 537.532 for ionization of gases by electron discharge 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.722 2 *‡X and gamma rays Including bremsstrahlung (secondary X rays), gamma particles
See also 537.535 for X-ray and gamma-ray electronics 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.722 3 *‡Cosmic rays
Class here any particle considered as a cosmic ray 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.723 *‡Nuclei and atoms considered as particles 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.723 2 *‡Nuclei Including alpha particles, deuterons Class component particles of nuclei in 539.721; class nuclei considered as cosmic rays in 539.7223; class nuclear structure in
539.74 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.723 4 *‡Heavy ions
41 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 539
539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.725 *‡Particle characteristics Including angular momentum, charge, energy levels, orbits, spin, symmetry, supersymmetry Class characteristics of a specific particle with the particle, e.g., orbits of electrons 539.72112, strangeness of strange particles 539.7216 For supergravity, comprehensive works on supergravity and
supersymmetry, see 530.1423; for magnetic properties, see 538.3539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.725 8 *‡String theory
Class here superstring theory 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.73 *‡Particle acceleration
Including bombardment, particle beams 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.732 *‡High-voltage accelerators
Including Van de Graaff electrostatic generators 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.733 *‡Resonance accelerators
Including cyclotrons, linear accelerators 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.734 *‡Induction accelerators
Including betatrons 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.735 *‡Synchronous accelerators
Including synchro-cyclotrons and synchrotrons (betatron-synchrotrons)539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.736 *‡Supercolliders
Class here superconducting supercolliders 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.737 *‡Acceleration of specific particles Class acceleration of specific particles in specific accelerators in
539.732–539.736 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.737 01–.737 09] *‡Standard subdivisions
Do not use; class in 539.7301–539.7309 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.737 1–.737 7 *‡Specific particles Add to base number 539.737 the numbers following 539.721 in
539.7211–539.7217, e.g., proton acceleration 539.73723 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.74 *‡Nuclear structure
Class here isotope and nuclide structure, nuclear models 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.742 *‡Liquid-drop model 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.743 *‡Shell model 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.744 *‡Interpretation through spectroscopy
42 539 Physics 539
539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.75 *‡Nuclear activities and interactions Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading Including annihilation, capture, coupling, creation For ionizations of gases, see 530.444; for high-energy physics, see 539.76
See Manual at 530.416 vs. 539.75 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.752 *‡Natural radioactivity Including half-life Class here decay schemes, radioactive substances (radioelements), radioisotopes, radionuclides; comprehensive works on radioactivity
For artificial radioactivity, see 539.753 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.752 028 7] *‡Testing and measurement
Do not use; class in 539.77 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.752 2 *‡Alpha decay 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.752 3 *‡Beta decay 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.752 4 *‡Gamma decay 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.753 *‡Artificial radioactivity Including radioactive fallout
See also 363.738 for pollution from radioactive fallout 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.753 028 7] *‡Testing and measurement
Do not use; class in 539.77 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.754 *‡Fundamental interactions Including gravitational interaction, gravitational waves Class field theories covering fundamental interactions in 530.14
See also 531.14 for gravity 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.754 4 *‡Weak interaction
For beta decay, see 539.7523 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.754 6 *‡Electromagnetic interaction 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.754 8 *‡Strong interaction
Including quantum chromodynamics 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.756 *‡Photonuclear reactions 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.757 *‡Collision 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.758 *‡Scattering
43 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 539
539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.76 *‡High-energy physics
Class high-energy levels of particles in 539.725 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.762 *‡Nuclear fission 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.764 *‡Nuclear fusion (Thermonuclear reaction) 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539 [.77 *‡Detecting and measuring particles and radioactivity
Class here radiation measurement 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.772 *‡Ionization chambers 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.773 *‡Proportional counters 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.774 *‡Geiger-Müller counters 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.775 *‡Scintillation counters 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.776 *‡Crystal conduction counters 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.777 *‡Wilson cloud chambers 539 DeweyiDecimaliClassification539 Physics 539
[.778 *‡Photography 540540 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 540 [540 *‡Chemistry and allied sciences Standard subdivisions are added for chemistry and allied sciences together, for chemistry alone
Class cosmochemistry in 523.02 540540 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 540
SUMMARY
[540.1–.9 Standard subdivisions [541 Physical chemistry [542 Techniques, procedures, apparatus, equipment, materials [543 Analytical chemistry [546 Inorganic chemistry [547 Organic chemistry [548 Crystallography
[549 Mineralogy 540540 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 540 [.1 *‡Philosophy and theory
Do not use for theoretical chemistry; class in 541.2 540540 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 540
[.11 *‡Alchemy and systems 540540 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 540
[.112 *‡Alchemy 540540 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 540 [.113 *‡Systems Add to base number 540.113 the numbers following 003 in
003.1–003.8, e.g., computer modeling and simulation 540.1133 540540 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 540 [.118] *‡Phlogiston theory Number discontinued; class in 540.1
44 540 Chemistry[and[allied[sciences 540
540540 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 540 [.28] *‡Auxiliary techniques and procedures; apparatus, equipment, materials
Do not use; class in 542 540540 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 540
[.7 *‡Education, research, related topics 540540 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 540 [.72 *‡Research; statistical methods
Do not use for laboratories; class in 542.1 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
> [541–547*‡Chemistry
Class comprehensive works in 540 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [541 *‡Physical chemistry Inorganic and combined inorganic-organic chemistry Class physical crystallography in 548 For physical chemistry of specific kinds of inorganic chemicals, see 546; for physical chemistry of organic compounds, see 547
See Manual at 541 vs. 546 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
SUMMARY
[541.01–.09 Standard subdivisions and special topics [.2 Theoretical chemistry [.3 Miscellaneous topics in physical chemistry
[.7 Optical activity 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.01–.03 *‡Standard subdivisions [formerly also 541.301–541.303] 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.04 *‡Special topics of physical chemistry 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.042 *‡Chemistry of states of matter Add to base number 541.042 the numbers following 530.4 in
530.41–530.44, e.g., solid-state chemistry 541.0421 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.05–.09 *‡Standard subdivisions [formerly also 541.305–541.309] 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.2 *‡Theoretical chemistry 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.22 *‡Molecular structure For molecular structure studied without reference to chemical
characteristics, see 539.12; for quantum chemistry, see 541.28 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.220 212 *‡Formulas [formerly also 541.221] and specifications 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.221] *‡Formulas
Relocated to 541.220212 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.222 *‡Molecular weights
45 541 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 541
541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.223 *‡Stereochemistry Class comprehensive works on stereochemistry in 547.1223
For structural variations, see 541.225 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.224 *‡Chemical bonds, valence, radicals Standard subdivisions are added for chemical bonds, valence, radicals together; for chemical bonds alone; for valence alone
Class bond angles and distances in 541.223 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.224 2 *‡Coordination chemistry Including ligands
Class chelates in 547.59044242 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.225 *‡Structural variations 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.225 2 *‡Isomers Class here tautomerism
Class comprehensive works on isomers in 547.12252 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.225 4 *‡Polymers Class comprehensive works on polymerization in 547.28; class
comprehensive works on polymers in 547.7 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.226 *‡Intermolecular forces Class here supramolecular chemistry
Class comprehensive works on supramolecular chemistry in 547.1226541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.24 *‡Atomic structure
Periodic law and periodicity relocated to 546.8 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.242 *‡Atomic weight
Class here atomic mass and number 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.26 *‡Stoichiometry 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.28 *‡Quantum chemistry Including molecular and atomic orbitals
Class radiochemistry in 541.38 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.3 *‡Miscellaneous topics in physical chemistry Limited to topics named below Use of this number for for comprehensive works on physical chemistry discontinued; class in 541
46 541 Chemistry[and[allied[sciences 541
541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
SUMMARY
[541.33 Surface chemistry [.34 Solution chemistry [.35 Photochemistry [.36 Thermochemistry and thermodynamics [.37 Electrochemistry and magnetochemistry [.38 Radiochemistry
[.39 Chemical reactions 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.301–.309] *‡Standard subdivisions
Relocated to 541.01–541.09 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.33 *‡Surface chemistry Including absorption, adhesion
Class surface chemical reactions in 541.39 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.335 *‡Adsorption
Including chemisorption 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.34 *‡Solution chemistry
For electrolytic solutions, see 541.372 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.341 *‡Properties of solutions 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.341 3 *‡Mechanical properties 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.341 4 *‡Optical properties 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.341 5 *‡Colligative properties
Including effect of osmotic pressure 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.341 6 *‡Thermal properties 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.342 *‡Solutions by type of solvent Class here solubility
Class properties of specific type of solvent in 541.341 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.342 2 *‡Aqueous solutions 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.342 3 *‡Nonaqueous solutions 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.345 *‡Colloid chemistry 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.345 1 *‡Specific types of colloids 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.345 101–.345 109] *‡Standard subdivisions
Do not use; class in 541.34501–541.34509 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.345 13 *‡Matter dispersed in solids Including gels, solid foams
47 541 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 541
541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.345 14 *‡Hydrosols Including emulsions, foams, froths, lathers
Class solid foams in 541.34513 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.345 15 *‡Aerosols
Including fogs, mists, smokes 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.348 *‡Solution components 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.348 2 *‡Solvents 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.348 3 *‡Solutes 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.348 5 *‡Precipitates
Including Liesegang rings 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.35 *‡Photochemistry Including chemiluminescence
For bioluminescence, see 572.4358 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.351 *‡Energy transformations 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.353 *‡Photochemical reactions due to specific radiation 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.353 01–.353 09] *‡Standard subdivisions
Do not use; class in 541.3501–541.3509 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.353 2 *‡Infrared radiation 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.353 3 *‡Visible light 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.353 4 *‡Ultraviolet radiation 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.36 *‡Thermochemistry and thermodynamics Standard subdivisions are added for thermochemistry and thermodynamics
together, for thermochemistry alone 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
> [541.361–541.368*‡Thermochemistry
Class comprehensive works in 541.36 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.361 *‡Combustion
Including explosion, flame, ignition 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.362 *‡Exothermic and endothermic reactions Including latent heat For combustion, see 541.361
48 541 Chemistry[and[allied[sciences 541
541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.363 *‡Changes of state (Phase transformations) Including Gibbs’ phase rule Class interdisciplinary works on phase transformations in 530.474 For latent heat, see 541.362
See also 541.042 for chemistry of specific states of matter 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.364 *‡Thermal dissociation 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.368 *‡Reactions under temperature extremes 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.368 6 *‡Low temperatures
Reactions below -100° C 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.368 7 *‡High temperatures 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.369 *‡Thermodynamics 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.37 *‡Electrochemistry and magnetochemistry Standard subdivisions are added for electrochemistry and
magnetochemistry together, for electrochemistry alone 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
> [541.372–541.377*‡Electrochemistry
Class comprehensive works in 541.37 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.372 *‡Electrolytic solutions Including electrodialysis, electrolyte conductivity, electrophoresis Class here ions
For nonelectrical properties, see 541.374 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.372 2 *‡Ionization (Electrolytic dissociation) 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.372 3 *‡Ion exchange and ionic equilibriums
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.372 4 *‡Electrodes and electrode phenomena
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.372 8 *‡Hydrogen-ion concentration
Class here pH 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.374 *‡Nonelectrical properties of electrolytic solutions Add to base number 541.374 the numbers following 541.341 in
541.3413–541.3416, e.g., optical properties 541.3744 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.377 *‡Semiconductors 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.378 *‡Magnetochemistry
49 541 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 541
541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.38 *‡Radiochemistry Class here nuclear chemistry
Class quantum chemistry in 541.28 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.382 *‡Radiation chemistry
Class here radiolysis 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.388 *‡Isotopes 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.388 4 *‡Radioisotopes 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.39 *‡Chemical reactions Including addition, condensation, hydrolysis, polymerization, substitution Class here synthesis Class thermochemistry of reactions in 541.36; class comprehensive works
on polymerization in 547.28 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.392 *‡Chemical equilibrium 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.393 *‡Oxidation-reduction reaction (Redox reaction) Class here oxidation, reduction Use of this number for specific reactions other than oxidation-reduction
reaction discontinued; class in 541.39 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.394 *‡Reaction kinetics Class kinetics of oxidation-reduction reaction in 541.393
For catalysis, see 541.395 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541
[.395 *‡Catalysis 541541 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 541 [.7 *‡Optical activity
Including optical rotation 542542 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 542 [542 *‡Techniques, procedures, apparatus, equipment, materials Of inorganic and combined inorganic-organic chemistry Standard subdivisions are added for any or all topics in heading Class techniques, procedures, apparatus, equipment, materials used in a specific application with the application, e.g., techniques and equipment for chemical
analysis 543 542542 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 542 [.1 *‡Laboratories Class containers and accessory equipment in 542.2; class specific techniques and procedures of laboratories in 542.3–542.8
50 542 Chemistry[and[allied[sciences 542
542542 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 542
[.2 *‡Containers and accessory equipment Standard subdivisions are added for containers and accessory equipment together, for containers alone Including crucibles, test tubes Class containers and accessory equipment for specific techniques and
procedures in 542.3–542.8 542542 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 542
> [542.3–542.8*‡Specific techniques and procedures Class here apparatus, equipment, materials used in specific techniques and procedures
Class comprehensive works in 542 542542 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 542 [.3 *‡Testing and measuring Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading
For gas measuring, see 542.7; for analytical chemistry, see 543 542542 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 542 [.4 *‡Heating and distilling Standard subdivisions are added for heating and distilling together, for heating alone
Including blowpipes 542542 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 542 [.6 *‡Filtering and dialysis Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading
Class dialysis in chemical analysis in 543.2 542542 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 542
[.7 *‡Gas production, processing, measuring 542542 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 542 [.8 *‡Auxiliary techniques and procedures, electrical and electronic equipment Add to base number 542.8 the numbers following —028 in notation 0284–0289 from Table 1, e.g., electrical and electronic equipment 542.84; however, for comprehensive works on apparatus, equipment, materials, see 542; for testing and measurement, see 542.3
51 543 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 543
543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [543 *‡Analytical chemistry Of inorganic or organic chemicals in general Class here specific qualitative techniques [formerly 544], specific quantitative techniques [formerly 545], analytical chemistry of metals in general [formerly 546.3], specific techniques of analytic organic chemistry [formerly 547.3] Unless other instructions are given, class a subject with aspects in two or more subdivisions of 543 in the number coming last, e.g., chromatography in organic chemical analysis 543.8 (not 543.17) For analytical chemistry of specific elements, compounds, mixtures, groupings (other than metals and metallic compounds in general), see 546; for analytical
chemistry of specific organic compounds, see 547 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.001] *‡Philosophy and theory
Relocated to 543.01 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.002] *‡Miscellany
Relocated to 543.02 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.003–.006] *‡Standard subdivisions
Relocated to 543.03–543.06 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.007] *‡Education, research, related activities
Relocated to 543.07 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.008] *‡History and description with respect to kinds of persons
Relocated to 543.08 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.009] *‡Historical, geographic, persons treatment
Relocated to 543.09 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.01 *‡Philosophy and theory [formerly 543.001]
Reagents relocated to 543.0284 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.02 *‡Miscellany [formerly 543.002]
Sample preparation relocated to 543.19 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.028 4 *‡Materials Including reagents [formerly 543.01]
Do not use for apparatus and equipment; class in 543.19 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543
[.03–.06 *‡Standard subdivisions [formerly 543.003–543.006] 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.07 *‡Education, research, related topics [formerly 543.007]
Instrumentation relocated to 543.19 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.08 *‡History and description with respect to kinds of persons [formerly 543.008] Specific methods relocated to 543.2–543.8
52 543 Chemistry[and[allied[sciences 543
543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543
[.09 *‡Historical, geographic, persons treatment [formerly 543.009] 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.1 *‡General topics in analytical chemistry Including qualitative analysis [formerly 544], quantitative analysis [formerly
545] 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543
[.17 *‡Analytical organic chemistry [formerly 547.3] 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.19 *‡Techniques of general application Including sample preparation [formerly 543.02]
Class here instrumentation [formerly 543.07] 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543
> [543.2–543.8*‡Specific methods [formerly 543.08]
Class comprehensive works in in 543 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.2 *‡Classical methods Not provided for elsewhere
Including diffusion methods, gravimetric analysis 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.22 *‡Microchemistry (Microanalysis)
Including microscopic analysis, spot tests 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.24 *‡Volumetric analysis
Class here titration 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.26 *‡Thermal analysis
Including thermogravimetry 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.4 *‡Electrochemical analysis
Including coulometry, electrophoresis, polarography 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.5 *‡Optical spectroscopy (Spectrum analysis) Class here atomic and ultraviolet spectroscopy, interdisciplinary works on spectroscopy For spectroscopy in physics, see 535.84; for spectroscopic interpretation of
chemical structure, see 541.2; for nonoptical spectroscopy, see 543.6 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.52 *‡Atomic emission spectroscopy
Including flame emission spectroscopy 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543
[.54 *‡Molecular spectroscopy 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.55 *‡Spectrophotometry
Class here colorimetry 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.56 *‡Luminescence spectroscopy Class here fluorescence spectroscopy
53 543 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 543
543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.57 *‡Infrared and Raman spectroscopy Standard subdivisions are added for infrared and Raman spectroscopy
together, for infrared spectroscopy alone 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.59 *‡Methods based on refraction, interference, scattering Including interferometry, polariscopic analysis, refractometry
For Raman spectroscopy, see 543.57 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.6 *‡Nonoptical spectroscopy Including gamma-ray, microwave spectroscopy
Class here nuclear spectroscopy 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.62 *‡X-ray and electron spectroscopy Standard subdivisions are added for X-ray and electron spectroscopy
together, for X-ray spectroscopy alone 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.63 *‡Radiochemical analysis
Including nuclear activation analysis 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543
[.65 *‡Mass spectrometry (Mass spectroscopy) 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543
[.66 *‡Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.67 *‡Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
Variant name :electron spin resonance spectroscopy 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543
[.8 *‡Chromatography 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543
[.82 *‡Ion-exchange chromatography 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.84 *‡Liquid chromatography
Including paper and thin-layer chromatography 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543
[.85 *‡Gas chromatography 543543 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 543 [.86 *‡Supercritical fluid chromatography
Variant name: supercritical gas chromatography 544 DeweyiDecimaliClassification544 544 [544] *‡Qualitative analysis Comprehensive works on qualitative analysis relocated to 543.1; specific qualitative techniques relocated to the technique in 543, e.g., diffusion methods
543.2 545 DeweyiDecimaliClassification545 545 [545] *‡Quantitative analysis Comprehensive works on quantitative analysis relocated to 543.1; specific quantitative techniques relocated to the technique in 543, e.g., volumetric analysis 543.24
54 546 Chemistry[and[allied[sciences 546
546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [546 *‡Inorganic chemistry Class here general topics of chemistry applied to specific elements, compounds, mixtures, groupings; comprehensive works on inorganic and organic chemistry of specific elements, compounds, mixtures, groupings Specific compounds are classed with the first element named, except that hydrogen is disregarded for acids Add to each subdivision identified by * as follows: >1–3 The element, compounds, mixtures Class theoretical, physical, analytical chemistry of the element, compounds, mixtures in 4–6; class comprehensive works in base number for the element in 546.3–546.7 [1 The element [2 Compounds Names of compounds usually end in -ide or one of the suffixes listed in 22 and 24 below For organo compounds, see 547.01–547.08 [22 Acids and bases Names of acids usually end in -ic or -ous [24 Salts Names of salts frequently end in -ate or -ite [25 Complex compounds [3 Molecular and colloidal mixtures Class here alloys [4 Theoretical chemistry Add to 4 the numbers following 541.2 in 541.22–541.28, e.g., molecular structure 42 Class comprehensive works on physical chemistry in 5 [5 Physical chemistry Add to 5 the numbers following 541.3 in 541.33–541.39, e.g., radiochemistry 58 For theoretical chemistry, see 4 [6 Analytical chemistry [64–65] Qualitative and quantitative analysis Notation discontinued; class in 6 Class physical chemistry applied to inorganic chemistry as a whole in 541 For organic chemistry of specific elements, compounds, mixtures, groupings, see 547
See Manual at 541 vs. 546; also at 549 vs. 546 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
SUMMARY
[546.2 Hydrogen and its compounds [.3 Metals, metallic compounds, alloys [.4 Group 3 [.5 Groups 4, 5, 6, 7 [.6 Groups 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 [.7 Groups 15, 16, 17, 18 [.8 Periodic law and table
55 546 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 546
546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.2 *‡Hydrogen and its compounds Standard subdivisions are added for hydrogen and its compounds together, for hydrogen compounds alone Class here hydrogen chemistry
Class the element hydrogen studied by itself in 546.21 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.21 *‡The element 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.212 *‡Deuterium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.213 *‡Tritium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
> [546.22–546.24*‡Hydrogen compounds Class comprehensive works in 546.2
For bases, see 546.32 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.22 *‡Water
Including deuterium oxide (heavy water) 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.224 *‡Theoretical chemistry
Class comprehensive works on physical chemistry in 546.225 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.224 2–.224 8] *‡Specific topics in theoretical chemistry
Numbers discontinued; class in 546.224 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.225 *‡Physical chemistry
For theoretical chemistry, see 546.224 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.225 3–.225 9] *‡Specific topics in physical chemistry
Numbers discontinued; class in 546.225 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.226 *‡Analytical chemistry 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.24 *‡Acids For a specific acid, see the distinguishing element, plus notation 22
from table under 546, e.g., hydrochloric acid 546.73222 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.25 *‡Theoretical chemistry of hydrogen
Class comprehensive works on physical chemistry of hydrogen in 546.26546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.252–.258] *‡Specific topics in theoretical chemistry
Numbers discontinued; class in 546.25 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.26 *‡Physical chemistry of hydrogen
For theoretical chemistry of hydrogen, see 546.25 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.263–.269] *‡Specific topics in physical chemistry Numbers discontinued; class in 546.26
56 546 Chemistry[and[allied[sciences 546
546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.3 *‡Metals, metallic compounds, alloys Standard subdivisions are added for any or all topics in heading Analytical chemistry of metals in general relocated to 543 Class metallic elements studied collectively in 546.31; class physical and chemical metallurgy in 669.9; class interdisciplinary works on metals in 669 For metals of groups other than 1 and 2, see 546.4–546.7; for
organometallic compounds, see 547.05 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.31 *‡Metallic elements For a specific metal treated as an element, see the metal in 546.38–546.7, plus notation 1 from table under 546, e.g., the element
iron 546.6211 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.32 *‡Bases For bases of a specific metal, see the metal in 546.38–546.7, plus
notation 22 from table under 546, e.g., bases of iron 546.62122 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.34 *‡Salts For salts of a specific metal, see the metal in 546.38–546.7, plus notation 24 from table under 546, e.g., salts of iron 546.62124
See also 546.38224 for table salt 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.342–.345] *‡Specific kinds of salts
Numbers discontinued; class in 546.34 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
> [546.38–546.39*‡Alkali and alkaline-earth metals
Class comprehensive works in 546.38 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.38 *‡Alkali metals (Group 1) Class here comprehensive works on alkali and alkaline-earth metals
For alkaline-earth metals, see 546.39 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.381 **Lithium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.382 **Sodium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.383 **Potassium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.384 **Rubidium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.385 **Cesium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.386 **Francium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.39 *‡Alkaline-earth metals (Group 2) 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.391 **Beryllium
*Add as instructed under 546
57 546 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 546
546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.392 **Magnesium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.393 **Calcium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.394 **Strontium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.395 **Barium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.396 **Radium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.4 *‡Group 3 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.400 1–.400 9 *‡Standard subdivisions 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.401 **Scandium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.403 **Yttrium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.41 *‡Rare earth elements (Lanthanide series) 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.411 **Lanthanum 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.412 **Cerium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.413 *‡Praseodymium and neodymium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.414 **Promethium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.415 *‡Samarium and europium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.416 *‡Gadolinium and terbium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.417 *‡Dysprosium and holmium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.418 *‡Erbium and thulium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.419 *‡Ytterbium and lutetium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.42 *‡Actinide series
For uranium, see 546.431; for transuranium elements, see 546.44 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.421 **Actinium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.422 **Thorium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.424 **Protactinium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.43 *‡Uranium, neptunium, plutonium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.431 **Uranium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.432 **Neptunium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.434 **Plutonium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.44 *‡Transuranium elements For neptunium, see 546.432; for plutonium, see 546.434; for rutherfordium, see 546.51; for dubnium, see 546.52; for seaborgium, see 546.53; for bohrium, see 546.54; for darmstadtium, hassium, meitnerium, see 546.62; for roentgenium, see 546.65
*Add as instructed under 546
58 546 Chemistry[and[allied[sciences 546
546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.441 *‡Americium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.442 *‡Curium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.444 *‡Berkelium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.448 *‡Californium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.449 *‡Other transuranium elements Including einsteinium, fermium, lawrencium, mendelevium, nobelium,
seaborgium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.5 *‡Groups 4, 5, 6, 7 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.51 *‡Titanium group (Group 4)
Including rutherfordium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.512 **Titanium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.513 **Zirconium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.514 **Hafnium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.52 *‡Vanadium group (Group 5)
Including dubnium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.522 **Vanadium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.524 **Niobium (Columbium) 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.526 **Tantalum 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.53 *‡Chromium group (Group 6)
Including seaborgium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.532 **Chromium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.534 **Molybdenum 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.536 **Tungsten 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.54 *‡Manganese group (Group 7)
Including bohrium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.541 **Manganese 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.543 **Technetium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.545 **Rhenium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.6 *‡Groups 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 Class here comprehensive works on transition metals For group 3, see 546.4; for groups 4, 5, 6, 7, see 546.5
*Add as instructed under 546
59 546 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 546
546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.62 *‡Groups 8, 9, 10 Former heading: Iron, cobalt, nickel Standard subdivisions are added for any or all topics in heading Including darmstadtium, hassium, meitnerium
For platinum metals, see 546.63 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.621 **Iron 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.623 **Cobalt 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.625 **Nickel 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.63 *‡Platinum metals
For osmium, iridium, platinum, see 546.64 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.632 **Ruthenium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.634 **Rhodium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.636 **Palladium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.64 *‡Osmium, iridium, platinum 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.641 **Osmium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.643 **Iridium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.645 **Platinum
Class comprehensive works on platinum metals in 546.63 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.65 *‡Group 11
Including roentgenium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.652 **Copper 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.654 **Silver 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.656 **Gold 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.66 *‡Group 12 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.661 **Zinc 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.662 **Cadmium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.663 **Mercury 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.67 *‡Group 13 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.671 **Boron 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.673 **Aluminum 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.675 **Gallium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.677 **Indium
*Add as instructed under 546
60 546 Chemistry[and[allied[sciences 546
546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.678 **Thallium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.68 *‡Group 14 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.681 **Carbon 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.681 2 *‡Carbon compounds Number built according to instructions under 546 Use this number for carbon oxides, carbonates, metal carbonyls, carbon halides when treated as inorganic compounds. Class other carbon compounds, comprehensive works on carbon compounds, in
547 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.683 **Silicon 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.684 **Germanium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.686 **Tin 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.688 **Lead 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.7 *‡Groups 15, 16, 17, 18 Class here nonmetals For a specific nonmetallic element not provided for here, see the element,
e.g., silicon 546.683 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.71 *‡Group 15 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.711 **Nitrogen 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.712 **Phosphorus 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.715 **Arsenic 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.716 **Antimony 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.718 **Bismuth 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.72 *‡Chalcogens (Group 16) 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.721 **Oxygen 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.723 **Sulfur 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.724 **Selenium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.726 **Tellurium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.728 **Polonium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.73 *‡Halogens (Group 17) 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.731 **Fluorine 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.732 **Chlorine 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.733 **Bromine
*Add as instructed under 546
61 546 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 546
546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.734 **Iodine 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.735 **Astatine 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.75 *‡Noble gases (Group 18)
Variant names: inert, rare gases 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.751 **Helium 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.752 **Neon 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.753 **Argon 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.754 **Krypton 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.755 **Xenon 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546
[.756 **Radon 546546 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 546 [.8 *‡Periodic law [formerly 541.24] and table Class here periodicity [formerly 541.24]
Class comprehensive works on atomic structure in 541.24 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [547 *‡Organic chemistry Class here biochemicals when not considered in their biological context Add to each subdivision identified by * as follows: [04 Special topics [044 Theoretical chemistry Add to 044 the numbers following 541.2 in 541.22–541.28, e.g., molecular structure 0442 Class comprehensive works on physical chemistry in 045 [045 Physical chemistry [0453–0458 Specific topics of physical chemistry Add to 045 the numbers following 541.3 in 541.33–541.38, e.g., solution chemistry 0454 For theoretical chemistry, see 044 [0459] Chemical reactions Relocated to 547.2 [046 Analytical chemistry [0464–0465] Qualitative and quantitative analysis Notation discontinued; class in 046 Class interdisciplinary works on biochemicals in 572 For biochemistry, see 572
*Add as instructed under 546
62 547 Chemistry[and[allied[sciences 547
547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
SUMMARY
[547.001–.009 Standard subdivisions [.01–.08 Kinds of compounds identified by component elements [.1 Physical and theoretical chemistry [.2 Organic chemical reactions [.4 Aliphatic compounds [.5 Cyclic compounds [.6 Aromatic compounds [.7 Macromolecules and related compounds
[.8 Other organic substances 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.001 *‡Philosophy and theory
Do not use for theoretical organic chemistry; class in 547.12 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.002–.009 *‡Standard subdivisions 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
> [547.01–547.08*‡Kinds of compounds identified by component elements Unless other instructions are given, class a subject with aspects in two or more subdivisions of 547.01–547.08 in the number coming last, e.g., sulfonamides 547.067 (not 547.042) Chemical reactions of compounds identified by component elements relocated to 547.2 Class kinds of compounds identified by structure and function in 547.4–547.8;
class comprehensive works in 547 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.01 **Hydrocarbons 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.02 **Halocarbons 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.03 **Oxy and hydroxy compounds 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.031 **Alcohols 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.035 **Ethers 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.036 **Aldehydes and ketones
Subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.037 **Acids 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.038 **Esters 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.04 **Organonitrogen compounds 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.041 **Nitro and nitroso compounds 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.042 **Amines and amides
Subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.043 **Azo compounds
*Add as instructed under 547
63 547 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 547
547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.044 **Nitriles and isonitriles
Subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.05 **Organometallic compounds 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.053–.057 *‡Specific organometallic compounds Add to base number 547.05 the numbers following 546 in 546.3–546.7 for the element only, e.g., organozinc compounds 547.05661; then add further as instructed under 547, e.g., analytic chemistry of organozinc compounds 547.05661046; however, for organophosphorus
compounds, see 547.07; for organosilicon compounds, see 547.08 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.06 **Organosulfur compounds 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.061 **Sulfides 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.063 **Hydrosulfides 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.064 **Thio acids 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.065 *‡Oxy derivatives of sulfides
Including sulfones, sulfoxides, thioaldehydes, thioketones 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.066 **Sulfinic acids 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.067 **Sulfonic acids 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.07 **Organophosphorus compounds 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.071–.077] *‡Specific organophosphorus compounds
Numbers discontinued; class in 547.07 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.08 **Organosilicon compounds 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.1 *‡Physical and theoretical chemistry Add to base number 547.1 the numbers following 541 in 541.2–541.3, e.g., stereochemistry 547.1223; however, organic chemical reactions relocated from 547.139 to 547.2 Class physical and theoretical chemistry of specific kinds of compounds identified by component elements in 547.01–547.08; class physical and theoretical chemistry of kinds of compounds identified by structure and
function in 547.4–547.8 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.2 *‡Organic chemical reactions [formerly 547.139] Class here chemical reactions of compounds identified by component elements [formerly also 547.01–547.08, plus notation 0459 from table under 547], chemical reactions of compounds identified by structure and function [formerly
also 547.4–547.8, plus notation 0459 from table under 547], addition, synthesis547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.21 *‡General topics in chemical reactions Use of this number for acylation and alkylation discontinued; class in 547.2 Aromatization relocated to 547.27
*Add as instructed under 547
64 547 Chemistry[and[allied[sciences 547
547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.212 *‡Chemical equilibrium 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.214 *‡Reaction kinetics
For catalysis, see 547.215 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.215 *‡Catalysis 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.22] *‡Halogenation, hydroxy addition and substitution Use of this number for hydroxy addition and substitution discontinued;
class in 547.2 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.223] *‡Halogenation
Relocated to 547.27 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.225] *‡Hydrolysis and saponification Use of this number for hydrolysis discontinued; class in 547.2
Saponification relocated to 547.27 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.23 *‡Oxidation-reduction reaction (Redox reaction) Including hydrogenation
Class here oxidation, reduction 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.24] *‡Esterification
Relocated to 547.27 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.25] *‡Amination and diazotization
Relocated to 547.27 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.26] *‡Nitration and nitrosation
Relocated to 547.27 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.27 *‡Reactions producing specific kinds of organic compounds Including aromatization [formerly 547.21], halogenation [formerly 547.223], saponification [formerly 547.225, 547.7704593], esterification [formerly 547.24], amination and diazotization [both formerly 547.25], nitration and nitrosation [both formerly 547.26], sulfonation Class comprehensive works on a specific kind of organic compound identified by its component element and the reaction producing it with the kind in 547.01–547.08, e.g., halocarbons and halogenation 547.02; class comprehensive works on a specific kind of organic compound and the reactions producing it with the kind in 547.4–547.8, e.g., aromatic compounds and aromatization 547.6
For polymerization, see 547.28 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.28 *‡Polymerization Use of this number for comprehensive works on organic condensation discontinued; class in 547.2 Class comprehensive works on polymers and polymerization in 547.7
65 547 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 547
547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.29 *‡Fermentation 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.3] *‡Analytical organic chemistry Comprehensive works on analytic organic chemistry relocated to 543.17; specific techniques in analytic organic chemistry relocated to the technique in
543, e.g., spectroscopy in organic chemistry 543.5 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
> [547.4–547.8*‡Kinds of compounds identified by structure and function Chemical reactions of compounds identified by structure and function relocated to 547.2
Class comprehensive works in 547 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.4 **Aliphatic compounds Unless other instructions are given, class a subject with aspects in two or more subdivisions of 547.4 in the number coming last, e.g., aliphatic sulfonamides 547.467 (not 547.442)
Class aliphatic macromolecular compounds in 547.7 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.41 **Hydrocarbons 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.411 **Paraffins (Alkanes)
See also 547.77 for paraffin wax 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.412 **Olefins (Alkenes) 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.413 **Acetylenes (Alkynes) 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.42–.48 *‡Other compounds Add to base number 547.4 the numbers following 547.0 in 547.02–547.08, e.g., carboxylic acids 547.437
For proteins, see 547.7 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.5 **Cyclic compounds Class here alicyclic compounds
For aromatic compounds, see 547.6 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
> [547.51–547.58*‡Alicyclic compounds Unless other instructions are given, class a subject with aspects in two or more subdivisions of 547.51–547.58 in the number coming last, e.g., alicyclic sulfonamides 547.567 (not 547.542) Class comprehensive works in 547.5
*Add as instructed under 547 *Add as instructed under 47
66 547 Chemistry[and[allied[sciences 547
547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.51 **Alicyclic hydrocarbons 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.511 **Cycloparaffins 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.512 **Cycloolefins 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.513 **Cycloacetylenes 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.52–.58 *‡Other alicyclic compounds Add to base number 547.5 the numbers following 547.0 in 547.02–547.08,
e.g., alicyclic halocarbons 547.52 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.59 **Heterocyclic compounds 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.592 **Hetero oxygen compounds
Including furans, oxazoles, pyrans 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.593 **Hetero nitrogen compounds Including chlorophylls, diazines, imidazoles, porphyrins, pyrazoles,
pyridines, pyrroles 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.594 **Hetero sulfur compounds
Including thiazoles, thiophenes 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.595 *‡Compounds with two or more different hetero atoms
Including oxazines, oxdiazines, oxdiazoles 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.596 **Fused heterocyclic compounds
Including purines, quinolines 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.6 **Aromatic compounds Unless other instructions are given, class a subject with aspects in two or more subdivisions of 547.6 in the number coming last, e.g., aromatic sulfonamides
547.667 (not 547.642) 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.61 **Hydrocarbons 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.611 **Benzenes 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.613 **Polyphenyl hydrocarbons
Including diphenyl hydrocarbons 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.615 **Fused hydrocarbons Including naphthalenes
For anthracenes, see 547.616 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.616 **Anthracenes 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.62 **Halogenated compounds
*Add as instructed under 547 *Add as instructed under 547
67 547 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 547
547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.63 **Oxy and hydroxy compounds
Subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.631 **Alcohols
Class phenols in 547.632 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.632 **Phenols
Including monohydric hydroxy aromatics 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.633 **Polyhydroxy aromatics Including dihydroxy and trihydroxy aromatics, catechols,
hydroquinones, resorcinols 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.635 **Ethers 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.636 **Aldehydes and ketones
Subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.637 **Acids 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.638 **Esters 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.64–.68 *‡Other aromatic compounds Add to base number 547.6 the numbers following 547.0 in 547.04–547.08,
e.g., aromatic amines 547.642 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.7 **Macromolecules and related compounds Including alkaloids, antibiotics, hormones, nucleic acids, proteins, steroids, vitamins Class here macromolecules when not considered in their biological context; comprehensive works on polymers Subdivisions are added for macromolecules and related compounds, for macromolecules alone Class interdisciplinary works on macromolecules in 572 For inorganic polymers, see 541.2254; for fossil substances, see 547.82; for comprehensive works on high polymers, see 547.84; for dyes and pigments, see 547.86
See also 668.9 for synthetic polymers 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.71 *‡Terpenes and essential oils
Including camphors 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.72–.76] *‡Alkaloids, antibiotics, hormones, proteins, steroids, vitamins Numbers discontinued; class in 547.7
*Add as instructed under 547
68 547 Chemistry[and[allied[sciences 547
547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.77 **Lipids Including waxes Class here fats Class steroids in 547.7 For essential oils, see 547.71
See also 547.411 for paraffin hydrocarbons 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.770 459 3] *‡Saponification
Relocated to 547.27 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.78 **Carbohydrates
Including sugars, starches, gums 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.781–.783] *‡Specific kinds of carbohydrates
Numbers discontinued; class in 547.78 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.79] *‡Nucleic acids
Number discontinued; class in 547.7 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.8 *‡Other organic substances 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.82 **Fossil substances Including coal tar Class a specific compound derived from a fossil substance with the compound, e.g., synthetic rubber 678.72
For petroleum, see 547.83 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.83 **Petroleum 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.84 **High polymers Class high polymers of a specific chemical group with the group, e.g.,
starches 547.78 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.842 **Elastomers 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.842 5 **Latexes 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.842 6 **Rubber 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.843 **Flexible polymers 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547
[.843 4 **Resins 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.86 **Dyes and pigments Standard subdivisions are added for dyes and pigments together, for dyes
alone 547547 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 547 [.869 **Pigments
*Add as instructed under 547
69 548 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 548
548548 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 548 [548 *‡Crystallography Class crystallographic mineralogy in 549.18; class comprehensive works on solid-state physics in 530.41
See Manual at 548 vs. 530.41; also at 549 vs. 548 548548 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 548 [.015 1 *‡Mathematical principles
Do not use for mathematical crystallography; class in 548.7 548548 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 548 [.3 *‡Chemical crystallography Relationship between structure and bonding
Including isomorphism, polymorphism, pseudomorphism 548548 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 548 [.5 *‡Crystallization
Class here crystal growth 548548 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 548 [.7 *‡Mathematical crystallography Measurement and calculation of angles
Class geometric crystallography in 548.81 548548 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 548 [.8 *‡Physical and structural crystallography Standard subdivisions are added for physical and structural crystallography
together, for physical crystallography alone 548548 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 548 [.81 *‡Structural crystallography Class here crystal lattices, geometrical crystallography Class structural crystallography of a specific substance with the substance, e.g., structural chemistry of silicates 549.6
For diffraction methods, see 548.83 548548 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 548 [.810 151 *‡Mathematical principles
Do not use for mathematical crystallography; class in 548.7548548 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 548 [.83 *‡Diffraction crystallography Including crystallograms
Class optical methods of crystal study in 548.9 548548 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 548
> [548.84–548.86*‡Physical properties of crystals Class comprehensive works in 548.8
For optical properties, see 548.9 548548 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 548
[.84 *‡Mechanical properties 548548 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 548 [.842 *‡Stresses, deformation, strength properties Including elasticity, plasticity; dislocation, fracture, hardness
70 548 Chemistry[and[allied[sciences 548
548548 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 548 [.85 *‡Electrical, electronic, magnetic properties
Including conductivity, dielectricity 548548 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 548 [.86 *‡Thermal properties
Including fusibility 548548 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 548 [.9 *‡Optical crystallography
Optical properties of crystals and optical methods of crystal study 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [549 *‡Mineralogy Occurrence, description, classification, identification of naturally occurring minerals Class crystallography in 548; class economic geology in 553
See Manual at 549 vs. 546; also at 549 vs. 548 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549
SUMMARY
[549.09 Historical, geographic, persons treatment [.1 Determinative mineralogy [.2 Native elements [.3 Sulfides, antimonides, arsenides, selenides, tellurides; sulfosalts [.4 Halides [.5 Oxides [.6 Silicates [.7 Other minerals
[.9 Geographic treatment of minerals 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.09 *‡Historical, geographic, persons treatment
Do not use for geographic treatment of minerals; class in 549.9 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.1 *‡Determinative mineralogy
Class determinative mineralogy of specific minerals in 549.2–549.7 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549
[.11 *‡Minerals in specific kinds of formations 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.112 *‡Meteorite minerals Class here petrology of meteorites
Class comprehensive works on meteorites in 523.51 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.114 *‡Minerals in rocks Add to base number 549.114 the numbers following 552 in 552.1–552.5, e.g., determinative mineralogy in sedimentary rocks 549.1145
Class comprehensive works on rocks in 552 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.116 *‡Minerals in pegmatite dikes
Class comprehensive works on dikes in 551.88 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.12 *‡Physical mineralogy
71 549 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 549
549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.121 *‡Mechanical properties
Including cleavage, fracture, hardness 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.125 *‡Optical properties
Including color, fluorescence, luminescence 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549
[.127 *‡Electrical, electronic, magnetic properties 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549
[.13 *‡Chemical mineralogy 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549
[.131 *‡Composition, properties, reactivity 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549
[.133 *‡Analysis 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.18 *‡Crystallographic mineralogy
Study of crystalline structure and properties of minerals 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549
> [549.2–549.7*‡Specific minerals
Class comprehensive works in 549 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.2 *‡Native elements Use 549.7 for mineral compounds of specific elements not provided for
elsewhere in 549.3–549.6 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.23 *‡Metals Native metals only Class interdisciplinary works on physico-chemical characteristics of metals
in 669.9 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.25 *‡Semimetals
Including antimony, arsenic, bismuth, boron, selenium, tellurium 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.27 *‡Nonmetals
Including graphite (carbon) 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.3 *‡Sulfides, antimonides, arsenides, selenides, tellurides; sulfosalts
Class sulfates in 549.75 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.32 *‡Sulfides, antimonides, arsenides, selenides, tellurides
Including chalcocite, cinnabar, galena, molybdenite, pyrite, sphalerite 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.35 *‡Sulfosalts (Double sulfides)
Including tetrahedrite 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.4 *‡Halides
Including carnallite, cryolite, fluorite (fluorspar), halite, rock salt 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.5 *‡Oxides
72 549 Chemistry[and[allied[sciences 549
549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.52 *‡Simple and multiple oxides
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549
[.522 *‡Cuprite, ice, zincite 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.523 *‡Hematite group
Including corundum, ilmenite 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.524 *‡Rutile group
Including cassiterite 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.525 *‡Goethite group
Including diaspore 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.526 *‡Spinel group
Including chromite, magnetite 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.528 *‡Other groups of oxides
Including uraninite 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.53 *‡Hydroxides
Including bauxite, limonite 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.6 *‡Silicates
Class here clay 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.62 *‡Nesosilicates Including andalusite, cyanite, garnet, kyanite, sillimanite, staurolite, topaz,
zircon 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.63 *‡Sorosilicates
Including epidote 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.64 *‡Cyclosilicates
Including beryl, chrysocolla, cordierite, tourmaline 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.66 *‡Inosilicates
Including amphiboles, pyroxenes, spodumene, wollastonite 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.67 *‡Phyllosilicates
Including chlorite, glauconite, kaolinite, mica, pyrophyllite, serpentine, talc549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.68 *‡Tectosilicates
Including feldspar, leucite, opal, quartz, scapolite, zeolite 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549
[.7 *‡Other minerals 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.701–.709] *‡Standard subdivisions Do not use; class in 549.01–549.09
73 549 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 549
549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.72 *‡Phosphates, arsenates, vanadates
Including apatite, monazite, turquoise 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549
[.73 *‡Nitrates and borates 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.732 *‡Nitrates
Including saltpeter (niter), Chile saltpeter (soda niter) 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.735 *‡Borates
Including borax, colemanite 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.74 *‡Molybdates and tungstates
Including scheelite, wolframite 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.75 *‡Sulfates and chromates Standard subdivisions are added for sulfates and chromates together, for
sulfates alone 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.752 *‡Chromates and anhydrous sulfates
Including anhydrite, barite, celestite 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.755 *‡Hydrous and basic sulfates
Including alunite, gypsum 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549
[.78 *‡Carbonates 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.782 *‡Calcite group
Including dolomite, magnesite, siderite 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.785 *‡Aragonite group
Including malachite 549549 Chemistry DeweyiDecima[and[lalliediClassification[sciences 549 [.9 *‡Geographic treatment of minerals Add to base number 549.9 notation 1–9 from Table 2, e.g., minerals of
Greenland 549.9982 550 DeweyiDecima550 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 550 [550 *‡Earth sciences Class here geophysics; phenomena of celestial bodies directly comparable to terrestrial phenomena, e.g., volcanic activity on Mars 551.21099923 Use 550 and its standard subdivisions for works that deal comprehensively with geology, hydrology, and meteorology; for works on geology in the sense of all earth sciences. Use 551 and its standard subdivisions for works on geology in the sense limited to properties and phenomena of the solid earth See Manual at 523 vs. 550; also at 550 vs. 910
74 550 Earth[sciences 550
550 DeweyiDecima550 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 550
SUMMARY
[551 Geology, hydrology, meteorology [552 Petrology [553 Economic geology [554–559 Earth sciences by specific continents, countries, localities in modern world;
extraterrestrial worlds 550 DeweyiDecima550 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 550 [.154] *‡Chemical principles
Do not use; class in 551.9 550 DeweyiDecima550 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 550 [.94–.99] *‡Treatment by specific continents, countries, localities in modern world; extraterrestrial worlds
Do not use; class in 554–559 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [551 *‡Geology, hydrology, meteorology Geology: science that deals with properties and phenomena of the solid earth (lithosphere) Use 550 and its standard subdivisions for works that deal comprehensively with geology, hydrology, and meteorology; for works on geology in the sense of all earth sciences. Use 551 and its standard subdivisions for works on geology in the sense limited to properties and phenomena of the solid earth For astronomical geography, see 525; for geodesy, see 526.1; for petrology, see 552; for economic geology, see 553; for physical geography, see 910.02.
See also 363.34 for disasters; also 904.5 for history of events of natural origin551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
SUMMARY
[551.01–.09 Standard subdivisions of geology [.1 Gross structure and properties of the earth [.2 Volcanoes, earthquakes, thermal waters and gases [.3 Surface and exogenous processes and their agents [.4 Geomorphology and hydrosphere [.5 Meteorology [.6 Climatology and weather [.7 Historical geology [.8 Structural geology
[.9 Geochemistry 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.01 *‡Philosophy and theory of geology 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.015 4] *‡Chemical principles
Do not use; class in 551.9 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.02–.08 *‡Standard subdivisions of geology 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.09 *‡Historical, geographic, persons treatment of geology 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.091 62–.091 68] *‡Treatment in oceans and seas Do not use; class in 551.4608
75 551 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.094–.099] *‡Geology by specific continents, countries, localities in modern world; extraterrestrial worlds
Do not use; class in 554–559 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.1 *‡Gross structure and properties of the earth
For geomagnetism, see 538.7 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.11 *‡Interior of the earth
For properties, see 551.12 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.112 *‡Core 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.116 *‡Mantle 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.12 *‡Properties of interior
Including heat, temperature ranges 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.13 *‡Crust Including magma
For properties, see 551.14; for structural geology, see 551.8 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.136 *‡Plate tectonics (Continental drift) Including sea-floor spreading
Class comprehensive works on tectonics in 551.8 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.14 *‡Properties of crust
Including elasticity, heat, temperature ranges 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.2 *‡Volcanoes, earthquakes, thermal waters and gases 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.21 *‡Volcanoes Class here comprehensive works on craters Class volcanic thermal waters and gases in 551.23; class petrology of volcanic rocks in 552.2
For meteorite craters, see 551.397 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.22 *‡Earthquakes Class here seismology
Class seismic sea waves in 551.463 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.220 287 *‡Testing and measurement Class here seismography
76 551 Earth[sciences 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.23 *‡Thermal waters and gases Standard subdivisions are added for thermal waters and gases together, for thermal waters alone Including volcanic volatiles
Class here surface manifestations, e.g., fumaroles, hot springs 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.3 *‡Surface and exogenous processes and their agents Standard subdivisions are added for any or all topics in heading Class here sedimentology as study of surface processes Class comprehensive works on landforms in 551.41; class comprehensive
works on sedimentology in 552.5 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.300 1–.300 9 *‡Standard subdivisions 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
> [551.302–551.307*‡Erosion and weathering, sediments and sedimentation, soil formation, mass movement Class comprehensive works in 551.3
See Manual at 551.302–551.307 vs. 551.35 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.302 *‡Erosion and weathering Class here soil erosion, interdisciplinary works on erosion Class role of weathering in soil formation in 551.305 For a specific aspect of erosion, see the aspect, e.g., erosion
engineering 627.5, control of agricultural soil erosion 631.45 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.303 *‡Transporting and depositing of materials Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading
Class here sedimentation 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.304 *‡Transported materials (Sediments) 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.305 *‡Soil formation
Class here role of water in soil formation 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.307 *‡Mass movement (Mass wasting) Including avalanches, creep, mud flows, rockfalls; subsidence Class here landslides, slope failure, work of water in mass movement See also 363.349 for disasters resulting from avalanches and other mass movements
77 551 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.31 *‡Glaciology Class here geologic work of ice; interdisciplinary works on ice For ice in water and other forms of ice, see 551.34; for geologic work of frost, see 551.38. For a specific aspect of ice, see the aspect, e.g., ice
manufacture 621.58 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.312 *‡Glaciers
For icebergs, shelf ice, growlers, see 551.342 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.313 *‡Glacial action
Including work of glaciers in erosion, soil formation, weathering 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.314 *‡Material transported by glaciers Class here glacial drift and till, moraines regarded as materials
Class glacial drift and till, moraines regarded as landforms in 551.315551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.315 *‡Landforms created by glaciers Including cirques, drumlins, kames, kettles, roches moutonnées
Class here glacial drift and till, moraines regarded as landforms 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.34 *‡Ice in water and other forms of ice Standard subdivisions are added for ice in water and other forms of ice together, for ice in water alone
For snow, see 551.5784; for hail, see 551.5787 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.342 *‡Ice in the sea Including icebergs, shelf ice, growlers
For sea ice, see 551.343 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.343 *‡Sea ice (Frozen seawater) 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.344 *‡Anchor and frazil ice 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.345 *‡Lake and river ice Class here ice cover
For anchor and frazil ice, see 551.344 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.35 *‡Geologic work of water Work of precipitation, of surface and subsurface waters For role of water in soil formation, see 551.305; for geologic work of marine waters, see 551.36
See Manual at 551.302–551.307 vs. 551.35 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.352 *‡Erosion and weathering Standard subdivisions are added for erosion and weathering together, for erosion alone
78 551 Earth[sciences 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.353 *‡Transporting and depositing materials Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading Class here sedimentation in water
For role of water in mass movement, see 551.307 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.354 *‡Transported materials (Sediments) 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.355 *‡Landforms created by water
For specific landforms created by water, see 551.42–551.45 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.36 *‡Geologic work of marine waters Including wave action, beach erosion
For specific landforms created by marine waters, see 551.42–551.45551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.37 *‡Geologic work of wind 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.372 *‡Erosion
Class here weathering 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.373 *‡Transporting and depositing materials
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.374 *‡Transported materials 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.375 *‡Landforms created by wind
Class here dunes 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.38 *‡Geologic work of frost Class here nivation; work of frost in erosion, in soil formation, in weathering; comprehensive works on frost For frost as a cold spell, see 551.5253; for condensation of frost, see
551.5744 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.382 *‡Fragmentation of rocks 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.384 *‡Permafrost 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.39 *‡Geologic work of other agents
Including temperature changes 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.397 *‡Meteorites
Class here meteorite craters 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.4 *‡Geomorphology and hydrosphere
79 551 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
SUMMARY
[551.41 Geomorphology [.42 Islands and reefs [.43 Elevations [.44 Depressions and openings [.45 Plane and coastal regions [.46 Oceanography and submarine geology [.47 Dynamic oceanography [.48 Hydrology
[.49 Groundwater (Subsurface water) 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.41 *‡Geomorphology Creation and modification of topographic landforms by erosional and depositional processes Class here geomorphology of continents, comprehensive works on landforms For landforms created by water, see 551.355; for specific landforms, see 551.42–551.45; for submarine geomorphology, see 551.4683
See also 551.136 for continental drift 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.410 916 2–.410 916 8] *‡Treatment in oceans and seas
Do not use; class in 551.4683 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.415 *‡Arid-land geomorphology
Class here desert geomorphology 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.417 *‡Wetland geomorphology 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
> [551.42–551.45*‡Specific landforms Class here specific land formations created by water; comprehensive works on specific kinds of topographical features, on present and past examples of specific landforms Class comprehensive works in 551.41 For a specific landform created by plutonic action, see the landform in 551.2, e.g., volcanic mountains 551.21; for a specific landform created primarily by exogenous agents other than water or living organisms, see the landform in 551.3, e.g., glacial moraines 551.315; for a specific landform created by tectonic deformations, see the landform in 551.8, e.g.,
rift valleys 551.872 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.42 *‡Islands and reefs Standard subdivisions are added for islands and reefs together, for islands
alone 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.423 *‡Barrier islands Class barrier reefs in 551.424
80 551 Earth[sciences 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.424 *‡Reefs
Including atolls 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.43 *‡Elevations Including slopes Class slopes of specific kinds of elevations in 551.432–551.436; class
orogeny in 551.82 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.432 *‡Mountains 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.434 *‡Plateaus 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.436 *‡Hills 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.44 *‡Depressions and openings Including sedimentary basins
For craters, see 551.21 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.442 *‡Valleys Including canyons, gorges, ravines; floodplains; river beds
For deltas, see 551.456; for rift valleys, see 551.872 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.447 *‡Caves and related features Standard subdivisions are added for caves and related features together, for caves alone
Including karst formations, sink holes 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.45 *‡Plane and coastal regions 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.453 *‡Plane regions Class here pampas, plains, prairies, steppes, tundras; comprehensive works on grasslands For floodplains, see 551.442; for deltas, see 551.456. For a specific kind of grassland not in a plane region, see the kind, e.g., alpine
meadows 551.432 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.456 *‡Deltas 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.457 *‡Coastal regions Including beaches
For deltas, see 551.456; for shorelines, see 551.458 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.458 *‡Shorelines Marine and lake Class here changes in sea and lake levels
81 551 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.46 *‡Oceanography and submarine geology Standard subdivisions are added for oceanography and submarine geology together, for oceanography alone Class here hydrography, hydrosphere; physical oceanography, seawater; interdisciplinary works on marine science, on oceans and seas Class ice in 551.31; class geologic work of water in 551.35; class ocean-atmosphere interactions in 551.5246; class interdisciplinary works on water in 553.7 For hydrology, see 551.48. For a specific aspect of marine science, of oceans and seas, not provided for here, see the aspect, e.g., international law of ocean and sea waters 341.45, marine biology 578.77
See Manual at 578.76–578.77 vs. 551.46, 551.48 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.460 01] *‡Philosophy and theory
Relocated to 551.4601 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.460 02–.460 06] *‡Standard subdivisions
Relocated to 551.4602–551.4606 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.460 07] *‡Education, research, related topics
Relocated to 551.4607 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.460 08] *‡History and description with respect to kinds of persons
Relocated to 551.4608 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.460 09] *‡Historical, geographic, persons treatment
Relocated to 551.4609 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.460 1 *‡Philosophy and theory [formerly 551.46001] Physical properties of seawater relocated to 551.465; chemical
oceanography relocated to 551.466 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.460 2–.460 6 *‡Standard subdivisions [formerly 551.46002–551.46006] 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.460 7 *‡Education, research, related topics [formerly 551.46007] Use of this number for deep-sea surveys and explorations
discontinued; class in 551.46 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.460 8 *‡History and description with respect to kinds of persons [formerly 551.46008]
Submarine geology relocated to 551.468 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.460 9 *‡Historical, geographic, persons treatment [formerly 551.46009] Coastal saltwater bodies relocated to 551.4618; salt lakes and inland
seas relocated to 551.4829 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.460 916 3–.460 916 7] *‡Treatment in specific oceans and seas Do not use; class in 551.4613–551.4617
82 551 Earth[sciences 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.460 916 8] *‡Special oceanographic forms and inland seas Do not use for coastal water saltwater bodies; class in
551.4618. Do not use for inland seas; class in 551.4829551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.461 *‡Specific oceans and seas, coastal saltwater bodies Class treatment of a specific topic in oceanography in specific oceans
and seas in 551.462–551.468 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.461 3–.461 7 *‡Specific oceans and seas Add to base number 551.461 the numbers following —16 in
notation 163–167 from Table 2, e.g., Atlantic Ocean 551.4613 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.461 32 *‡Arctic Ocean (North Polar Sea) [formerly 551.468] Number built according to instructions under
551.4613–551.4617 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.461 35 *‡South Atlantic Ocean [formerly 551.464] Number built according to instructions under
551.4613–551.4617 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.461 36 *‡Southwest Atlantic Ocean [formerly 551.4646] Number built according to instructions under
551.4613–551.4617 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.461 364 *‡Gulf of Mexico [formerly 551.4634] Number built according to instructions under
551.4613–551.4617 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.461 365 *‡Caribbean Sea [formerly 551.4635] Number built according to instructions under
551.4613–551.4617 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.461 37 *‡Southeast Atlantic Ocean [formerly 551.4647] Number built according to instructions under
551.4613–551.4617 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.461 38 *‡Mediterranean Sea [formerly 551.462] Number built according to instructions under
551.4613–551.4617 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.461 4 *‡Pacific Ocean [formerly 551.465]
Number built according to instructions under 551.4613–551.4617551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.461 41 *‡Southeast Pacific Ocean [formerly 551.4661] Number built according to instructions under
551.4613–551.4617 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.461 42 *‡East Pacific Ocean [formerly 551.466] Number built according to instructions under 551.4613–551.4617
83 551 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.461 43 *‡Northeast Pacific Ocean [formerly 551.4663] Number built according to instructions under
551.4613–551.4617 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.461 5 *‡Indian Ocean [formerly 551.467]
Number built according to instructions under 551.4613–551.4617551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.461 7 *‡Antarctic waters [formerly 551.469]
Number built according to instructions under 551.4613–551.4617551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.461 8 *‡Coastal saltwater bodies [formerly 551.4609] Including fjords, saltwater lagoons Class here estuaries For coastal saltwater bodies in a specific ocean or sea, see the ocean or sea in 551.4613–551.4617, e.g., estuaries in Atlantic Ocean 551.4613
See also 551.4829 for salt lakes and inland seas 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
> [551.462–551.468*‡Specific topics in oceanography; submarine geology Except for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivision identified by * as follows: [01–09 Standard subdivisions As modified under 551.46 [1 Specific oceans and seas, coastal saltwater bodies [13–17 Specific oceans and seas Add to 1 the numbers following —16 in notation 163–167 from Table 2, e.g., Atlantic Ocean 13 [18 Coastal saltwater bodies Including fjords, saltwater lagoons Class here estuaries For coastal saltwater bodies in a specific ocean or sea, see the ocean or sea in 13–17, e.g., estuaries in Atlantic Ocean 13 Unless other instructions are given, class a subject with aspects in two or more subdivisions of 551.462–551.468 in the number coming last, e.g., physical properties of sediments 551.4686 (not 551.465)
Class comprehensive works in 551.46 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.462 **Ocean circulation Including eddies, mixing, turbulence, upwelling Class here dynamic oceanography [formerly 551.47], ocean currents [formerly 551.4701] Mediterranean Sea relocated to 551.46138
*Add as instructed under 551.462–551.468
84 551 Earth[sciences 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.463 **Waves [formerly 551.4702] Including seiches, storm surges Class here wind waves Class comprehensive works on ocean-atmosphere interactions in 551.5246
See also 551.36 for geologic work of waves 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.463 4] *‡Gulf of Mexico
Relocated to 551.461364 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.463 5] *‡Caribbean Sea
Relocated to 551.461365 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.463 7 **Tsunamis
Variant names: seismic sea waves, tidal waves 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.464 **Tides [formerly 551.4708] Class here tidal currents South Atlantic Ocean relocated to 551.46135
See also 551.36 for geologic work of tides 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.464 6] *‡Southwest Atlantic Ocean
Relocated to 551.46136 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.464 7] *‡Southeast Atlantic Ocean
Relocated to 551.46137 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.465 **Physical properties of seawater [formerly 551.4601]
Pacific Ocean relocated to 551.4614 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.465 3 **Temperature 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.465 4 **Acoustical properties 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.465 5 **Optical properties 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.466 **Chemical oceanography [formerly 551.4601]
East Pacific Ocean relocated to 551.46142 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.466 1] *‡Southeast Pacific Ocean
Relocated to 551.46141 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.466 3] *‡Northeast Pacific Ocean
Relocated to 551.46143 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.466 4 **Salinity
*Add as instructed under 551.462–551.468
85 551 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.466 43 **Temperature-salinity relationships 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.467] *‡Indian Ocean
Relocated to 551.4615 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.468 **Submarine geology [formerly 551.4608] Class here ocean floor Arctic Ocean (North Polar Sea) relocated to 551.46132
For sea-floor spreading, see 551.136 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.468 3 **Submarine geomorphology
Class here topography of ocean floor 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.468 6 **Sediments 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.469] *‡Antarctic waters
Relocated to 551.4617 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.47] *‡Dynamic oceanography
Relocated to 551.462 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.470 1] *‡Ocean currents
Relocated to 551.462 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.470 2] *‡Waves
Relocated to 551.463 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.470 8] *‡Tides
Relocated to 551.464 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.48 *‡Hydrology Class here hydrological cycle, limnology, water balance Class comprehensive works on oceanography and hydrology in 551.46; class water resources, interdisciplinary works on water in 553.7 For fumaroles, see 551.23; for groundwater, see 551.49; for hydrometeorology, see 551.57. See also 551.417 for wetland geomorphology
See Manual at 578.76–578.77 vs. 551.46, 551.48 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.482 *‡Lakes and inland seas Class here freshwater lakes, freshwater ponds, freshwater lagoons
*Add as instructed under 551.462–551.468
86 551 Earth[sciences 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.482 9 *‡Salt lakes and inland seas [formerly 551.4609] Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading Class interdisciplinary works on a specific inland sea or salt lake in
940–990, e.g., Caspian Sea 947.5 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.483 *‡Rivers and streams Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading
For waterfalls, see 551.484; for floods, see 551.489 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.484 *‡Waterfalls 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.488 *‡Runoff 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.489 *‡Floods 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.49 *‡Groundwater (Subsurface water) Class here aquifers
For thermal waters, see 551.23 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.492 *‡Water table 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.498 *‡Surface manifestations Including springs, wells
For hot springs, see 551.23 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.5 *‡Meteorology Class here atmosphere Class forecasting and forecasts of specific phenomena in 551.64; class forecasts of specific phenomena in specific areas in 551.65; class micrometeorology in 551.66 For climatology and weather, see 551.6
See Manual at 551.5 vs. 551.6 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
SUMMARY
[551.51 Composition, regions, dynamics of atmosphere [.52 Thermodynamics, atmosphere interactions with earth’s surface, temperatures, radiation [.54 Atmospheric pressure [.55 Atmospheric disturbances and formations [.56 Atmospheric electricity and optics
[.57 Hydrometeorology 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.501 12] *‡Forecasting and forecasts
Do not use; class in 551.63 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.51 *‡Composition, regions, dynamics of atmosphere
87 551 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.511 *‡Composition
Class here chemistry, photochemistry of atmosphere 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.511 2 *‡Gases 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.511 3 *‡Aerosols and dust
Class dust storms in 551.559 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
> [551.513–551.514*‡Atmospheric regions Class comprehensive works in 551.51. Class a specific aspect with the aspect,
e.g., upper-atmosphere temperatures 551.5257 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.513 *‡Troposphere 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.514 *‡Upper atmosphere Including magnetosphere, mesosphere Class magnetic phenomena in magnetosphere, comprehensive works on
magnetosphere in 538.766 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.514 2 *‡Stratosphere
Class here ozone layer 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.514 5 *‡Ionosphere 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.515 *‡Dynamics Including gravity waves Class here mechanics
For circulation, see 551.517 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.515 1 *‡Kinematics 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.517 *‡Circulation For wind, see 551.518; for atmospheric disturbances and
formations, see 551.55 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.518 *‡Wind
Class wind in atmospheric disturbances and formations in 551.55 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
> [551.5183–551.5185*‡Wind systems in troposphere
Class comprehensive works in 551.518 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.518 3 *‡Planetary wind systems
Including jet streams, trade winds, westerlies 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.518 4 *‡Monsoons
88 551 Earth[sciences 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.518 5 *‡Local wind systems Including land and sea breezes; mountain and valley winds, e.g.,
chinooks, foehns 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.518 7 *‡Winds in upper atmosphere 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.52 *‡Thermodynamics, atmosphere interactions with earth’s surface,
temperatures, radiation 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.522 *‡Thermodynamics
Class thermodynamics in microclimatology in 551.66 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.523 *‡Land-atmosphere interactions
Class here earth temperatures affecting atmosphere 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.524 *‡Atmosphere interactions with earth’s surface Class here water-atmosphere interactions, water temperatures affecting atmosphere
For land-atmosphere interactions, see 551.523 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.524 091 62–.524 091 68] *‡Treatment in oceans and seas
Do not use; class in 551.5246 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.524 091 69] *‡Fresh and brackish waters
Do not use; class in 551.5248 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.524 6 *‡Ocean-atmosphere interactions 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.524 609 163–.524 609 167] *‡Treatment in specific oceans and seas
Do not use; class in 551.52463–551.52467 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.524 63–.524 67 *‡Specific oceans and seas Add to base number 551.5246 the numbers following —16 in notation 163–167 from Table 2, e.g., temperatures of Indian
Ocean 551.52465 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.524 8 *‡Lake and river interactions with atmosphere 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.525 *‡Temperatures Class here air temperatures, energy budget, energy flow For earth temperatures affecting atmosphere, see 551.523; for water temperatures affecting atmosphere, see 551.524; for radiant energy, see 551.527
See also 333.79 for economic aspects of energy budgets 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.525 091 732 *‡Urban regions Class here urban heat islands For specific urban heat islands, see 551.525093–551.525099
89 551 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.525 3 *‡Variations over time at earth’s surface Including maximums, minimums, frosts
Class comprehensive works on frost in 551.38 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.525 4 *‡Vertical distribution in troposphere 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.525 7 *‡Upper-atmosphere temperatures 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.527 *‡Radiation
For optical phenomena, see 551.565 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.527 1 *‡Solar radiation 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.527 2 *‡Terrestrial radiation
For radiation originating in atmosphere, see 551.5273 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.527 3 *‡Radiation originating in atmosphere 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.527 6 *‡Cosmic radiation Including cosmic noise
Class here cosmic rays 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.54 *‡Atmospheric pressure 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.543 *‡Variations over time at earth’s surface 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.543 09 *‡Historical and persons treatment
Do not use for geographic treatment; class in 551.5409 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.547 *‡Upper-atmosphere pressures 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.55 *‡Atmospheric disturbances and formations Standard subdivisions are added for atmospheric disturbances and formations together, for atmospheric disturbances alone Class here storms Class precipitation from storms in 551.577
See also 363.3492 for storms as disasters 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.551 *‡Atmospheric formations 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.551 2 *‡Air masses and fronts 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.551 3 *‡Cyclones
See also 551.552 for hurricanes; also 551.553 for tornadoes 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.551 4 *‡Anticyclones 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
> [551.552–551.559*‡Atmospheric disturbances Class comprehensive works in 551.55
90 551 Earth[sciences 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.552 *‡Hurricanes
Variant names: typhoons, baguios, tropical cyclones, willy-willies 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.553 *‡Tornadoes Variant names: cyclones (Midwest United States), twisters
Including waterspouts 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.554 *‡Thermal convective storms Including hailstorms Class here thunderstorms
For tornadoes, see 551.553 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.555 *‡Snowstorms
Class here blizzards 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.556 *‡Ice storms [formerly 551.559] 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.559 *‡Dust storms Use of this number for other storms discontinued; class in 551.55
Ice storms relocated to 551.556 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.56 *‡Atmospheric electricity and optics 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.561 *‡Electricity in stable atmosphere
Including conductivity, ionization 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.563 *‡Atmospheric electricity Class magnetic phenomena in 538.7
For electricity in stable atmosphere, see 551.561 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.563 2 *‡Lightning
For ball lightning, see 551.5634 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.563 4 *‡Ball lightning 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.565 *‡Atmospheric optics Class here optical phenomena produced by refraction, e.g., mirages, scintillation Class visibility in 551.568 For optical phenomena produced by absorption and scattering, see 551.566; for optical phenomena produced by condensation
products, see 551.567 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.566 *‡Optical phenomena produced by absorption and scattering Including sky color, twilight, night skies
91 551 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.567 *‡Optical phenomena produced by condensation products
Including cloud colors, rainbows 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.568 *‡Visibility 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.57 *‡Hydrometeorology 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.571 *‡Humidity 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.571 3 *‡Variations of humidity over time 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.572 *‡Evapotranspiration
Class here evaporation 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.574 *‡Condensation of moisture For condensation of moisture in a specific form, see the form, e.g.,
clouds 551.576 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.574 1 *‡Condensation processes Class here atmospheric nucleation, formation of particles on which moisture condenses Class condensation processes on earth’s surface in 551.5744; class
comprehensive works on atmospheric aerosols and dust in 551.5113551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.574 4 *‡Condensations on earth’s surface Including dew, glaze, hoarfrost
Class comprehensive work on frost in 551.38 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.575 *‡Fog and mist
Standard subdivisions are added for fog and mist together, for fog alone551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.576 *‡Clouds
Class cloud colors in 551.567 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.577 *‡Precipitation Class here liquid precipitation, rain, rainfall Class geologic work of precipitation in 551.35
For frozen precipitation, see 551.578 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.577 09 *‡Historical and persons treatment
Do not use for geographic treatment; class in 551.5772 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.577 1 *‡Properties Including composition, temperature; meteorology of acid rain Class interdisciplinary works on acid rain in 363.7386
92 551 Earth[sciences 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.577 2 *‡Geographic distribution of precipitation Add to base number 551.5772 notation 1–9 from Table 2, e.g., rainfall in Nigeria 551.5772669
Class geographic distribution of variations over time in 551.5773551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.577 3 *‡Variations over time Including droughts, maximums, minimums
See also 551.489 for floods 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.577 5 *‡Factors affecting precipitation Including bodies of water, cities, topography, vegetation Class comprehensive works on atmosphere interactions with earth’s
surface in 551.524 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.578 *‡Frozen precipitation 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.578 4 *‡Snow
Class snowstorms in 551.555 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.578 409 *‡Historical and persons treatment
Do not use for geographic treatment; class in 551.57842 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.578 41–.578 43 *‡Properties, geographic distribution, variations over time Add to base number 551.5784 the numbers following 551.577 in 551.5771–551.5773, e.g., variations in snow and snowfall over
time 551.57843 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.578 46 *‡Snow cover
For snow surveys, see 551.579 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.578 464 *‡Ablation
Class here melting 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.578 47 *‡Snow formations Including drifts
For avalanches, see 551.57848 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.578 48 *‡Avalanches 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.578 7 *‡Hail and graupel Standard subdivisions are added for hail and graupel together, for hail alone
Class hailstorms in 551.554 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.579 *‡Snow surveys
93 551 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.579 09 *‡Historical and persons treatment Do not use for geographic treatment; class in
551.5791–551.5799 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.579 1–.579 9 *‡Geographic treatment Add to base number 551.579 notation 1–9 from Table 2, e.g., snow
surveys in Nevada 551.579793 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.6 *‡Climatology and weather Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading
See Manual at 551.5 vs. 551.6 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.601 12] *‡Forecasting and forecasts
Do not use; class in 551.63 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.609 *‡Historical, geographic, persons treatment Do not use for geographic treatment of weather; class in 551.65. Do not use for geographic treatment of climate, of climate and weather taken
together; class in 551.69 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.62 *‡General types of climate 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.620 9 *‡Historical and persons treatment
Do not use for geographic treatment; class in 551.69 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.63 *‡Weather forecasting and forecasts, reporting and reports Standard subdivisions are added for weather forecasting and forecasts, reporting and reports together; for weather forecasting alone; for weather forecasts alone
For forecasting and forecasts of specific phenomena, see 551.64 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.630 284 *‡Materials
Do not use for apparatus and equipment; class in 551.635 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.630 9 *‡Historical and persons treatment
Do not use for geographic treatment; class in 551.65 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.631 *‡Historical methods of forecasting
Class here weather lore 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.632 *‡Reporting and reports Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading Class reports of specific weather phenomena in 551.5
For instrumentation in reporting, see 551.635 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.632 09 *‡Historical, geographic, persons treatment Do not use for geographic treatment of weather reports; class in 551.65
94 551 Earth[sciences 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.633 *‡Statistical forecasting 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.634 *‡Numerical forecasting 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.635 *‡Instrumentation in reporting and forecasting
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.635 2 *‡Radiosondes 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.635 3 *‡Radar 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.635 4 *‡Weather satellites 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.636 *‡Short-range and long-range forecasts Class a specific aspect of short-range and long-range forecasts with the
aspect, e.g., satellites in long-range forecasts 551.6354 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.636 2 *‡Short-range forecasts
Forecasts for a maximum of a week 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.636 5 *‡Long-range forecasts
Forecasts more than a week in advance 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.64 *‡Forecasting and forecasts of specific phenomena 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.640 1–.640 9] *‡Standard subdivisions
Do not use; class in 551.6301–551.6309 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.641–.647 *‡Specific meteorological phenomena Class here methods of forecasting specific phenomena for specific areas Add to base number 551.64 the numbers following 551.5 in 551.51–551.57, e.g., hurricane warnings 551.6452 Class flood forecasting and forecasts in 551.4890112; class forecasts of
specific phenomena for specific areas in 551.65 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.65 *‡Geographic treatment of weather Class here geographic treatment of weather forecasts and reports, of forecasts of specific phenomena
Class geographic treatment of climate and weather taken together in 551.551 Dewey69iDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.650 1–.650 9] *‡Standard subdivisions
Do not use; class in 551.601–551.609 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.651–.659 *‡Specific regions and areas Class here forecasts of specific phenomena for specific regions and areas Add to base number 551.65 notation 1–9 from Table 2, e.g., forecasts for South Africa 551.6568
95 551 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.66 *‡Microclimatology Small-scale interactions of atmosphere with land and water Class here micrometeorology Class specific meteorological phenomena other than thermodynamics in 551.5; class comprehensive works on atmosphere interactions with earth’s
surface in 551.524 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.68 *‡Artificial modification and control of weather Add to base number 551.68 the numbers following 551.5 in
551.51–551.57, e.g., cloud seeding 551.6876 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.69 *‡Geographic treatment of climate Class here paleoclimatology of specific areas, geographic treatment of climate and weather taken together Add to base number 551.69 notation 1–9 from Table 2, e.g., climate of Australia 551.6994 Class general types of climate in 551.62; class microclimatology of specific areas in 551.6609; class comprehensive works on paleoclimatology in 551.60901
For geographic treatment of weather, see 551.65 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.690 1–.690 9] *‡Standard subdivisions
Do not use; class in 551.601–551.609 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.7 *‡Historical geology Class here paleogeography, stratigraphy Class history of a specific kind of geologic phenomenon with the kind, e.g., history of Jurassic volcanism in Pacific Northwest 551.210979509012, Devonian reefs 551.42409012, paleozoic orogeny 551.8209012 For paleontology, see 560
See Manual at 551.7 vs. 560 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.700 1–.700 8 *‡Standard subdivisions 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.700 9 *‡Historical, geographic, persons treatment Do not use for geographic treatment of historical geology during a
specific geological era or period; class in 551.71–551.79 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.700 94–.700 99] *‡Historical geology of specific continents, countries, localities in modern world; extraterrestrial worlds
Do not use; class in 554–559 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.701 *‡Geologic time and age measurements Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading
96 551 Earth[sciences 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
> [551.71–551.79*‡Specific geological periods
Class comprehensive works in 551.7 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.71 *‡Precambrian era
Variant name: Cryptozoic eon 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.712 *‡Archean era
Variant names: Archeozoic, Lower Precambrian era 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.715 *‡Proterozoic era
Variant names: Algonkian, Upper Precambrian era 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.72 *‡Paleozoic era For Ordovician and Silurian periods, see 551.73; for Devonian period,
see 551.74; for Carboniferous and Permian periods, see 551.75 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.723 *‡Cambrian period Standard subdivisions are added for the period as a whole and for
specific epochs, stages, or formations 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.73 *‡Ordovician and Silurian periods 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.731 *‡Ordovician period Standard subdivisions are added for the period as a whole and for specific epochs, stages, or formations
Former name: Lower Silurian epoch 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.732 *‡Silurian period Standard subdivisions are added for the period as a whole and for specific epochs, stages, or formations
Former name: Upper Silurian epoch 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.74 *‡Devonian period Standard subdivisions are added for the period as a whole and for specific
epochs, stages, or formations 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.75 *‡Carboniferous and Permian periods Standard subdivisions are added for Carboniferous and Permian periods
together, for Carboniferous period alone 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
> [551.751–551.752*‡Carboniferous period
Class comprehensive works in 551.75 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.751 *‡Mississippian period (Lower Carboniferous period) Standard subdivisions are added for the period as a whole and for specific epochs, stages, or formations
97 551 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.752 *‡Pennsylvanian period (Upper Carboniferous period) Standard subdivisions are added for the period as a whole and for
specific epochs, stages, or formations 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.756 *‡Permian period Standard subdivisions are added for the period as a whole and for
specific epochs, stages, or formations 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.76 *‡Mesozoic era
For Cretaceous period, see 551.77 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.762 *‡Triassic period Standard subdivisions are added for the period as a whole and for
specific epochs, stages, or formations 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.766 *‡Jurassic period Standard subdivisions are added for the period as a whole and for
specific epochs, stages, or formations 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.77 *‡Cretaceous period Standard subdivisions are added for the period as a whole and for specific
epochs, stages, or formations 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.78 *‡Cenozoic era Tertiary period
For Quaternary period, see 551.79 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.782 *‡Paleogene period For Paleocene epoch, see 551.783; for Eocene epoch, see 551.784;
for Oligocene epoch, see 551.785 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.783 *‡Paleocene epoch Standard subdivisions are added for the epoch as a whole and for
specific stages or formations 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.784 *‡Eocene epoch Standard subdivisions are added for the epoch as a whole and for
specific stages or formations 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.785 *‡Oligocene epoch Standard subdivisions are added for the epoch as a whole and for
specific stages or formations 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.786 *‡Neogene period (Neocene period) Class Quaternary period in 551.79
For Miocene epoch, see 551.787; for Pliocene epoch, see 551.788551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.787 *‡Miocene epoch Standard subdivisions are added for the epoch as a whole and for specific stages or formations
98 551 Earth[sciences 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.788 *‡Pliocene epoch Standard subdivisions are added for the epoch as a whole and for
specific stages or formations 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.79 *‡Quaternary period 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.792 *‡Pleistocene epoch (Ice age) Standard subdivisions are added for the epoch as a whole and for
specific stages or formations 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.793 *‡Holocene epoch Standard subdivisions are added for the epoch as a whole and for specific stages or formations
Variant names: postglacial, recent epoch 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.8 *‡Structural geology Class here deformation, diastrophism, epeirogeny, tectonics Class geomorphology in 551.41
For plate tectonics, see 551.136 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.81 *‡Stratifications 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.810 9 *‡Historical, geographic, persons treatment Do not use for geographic treatment of stratifications during a
specific geologic era or period; class in 551.71–551.79 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.810 94–.810 99] *‡Stratifications by specific continents, countries, localities in modern world; extraterrestrial worlds
Do not use; class in 554–559 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.82 *‡Orogeny Class here lateral compression of earth’s crust, specific orogenies Class comprehensive works on elevations (e.g., mountains, plateaus, hills) in 551.43. Class a specific aspect of orogeny with the aspect, e.g.,
volcanism 551.21 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.84 *‡Joints and cleavages
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.85 *‡Dips, outcrops, strikes 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.86 *‡Anticlines and synclines 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551
[.87 *‡Faults and folds 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.872 *‡Faults Including nappes, rift valleys Class here dislocations Class nappes produced by folding in 551.875
99 551 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 551
551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.875 *‡Folds
For anticlines and synclines, see 551.86 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.88 *‡Intrusions Including dikes, laccoliths, necks, sills, veins
Class volcanoes in 551.21 551 DeweyiDecima551 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 551 [.9 *‡Geochemistry For geochemistry of a specific subject in earth sciences or mineralogy, see
the subject, e.g., organic geochemistry 553.2 552 DeweyiDecima552 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 552 [552 *‡Petrology Class here petrography, lithology, rocks Class structural geology in 551.8 For mineralogy, see 549; for petrology of geologic materials of economic
utility other than structural and sculptural stone, see 553 552 DeweyiDecima552 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 552
[.001–.008 *‡Standard subdivisions 552 DeweyiDecima552 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 552 [.009 *‡Historical, geographic, persons treatment
Do not use for geographic distribution of rocks; class in 552.09 552 DeweyiDecima552 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 552 [.03 *‡Petrogenesis
Class here diagenesis 552 DeweyiDecima552 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 552 [.06 *‡Properties, composition, analysis, structure of rocks
Class comprehensive works on geochemistry in 551.9 552 DeweyiDecima552 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 552 [.09 *‡Geographic distribution of rocks Add to base number 552.09 notation 1–9 from Table 2, e.g., rocks of Sahara Desert 552.0966
Class rocks studied in their stratigraphic setting in 554–559 552 DeweyiDecima552 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 552
> [552.1–552.5*‡Specific kinds of rocks
Class comprehensive works in 552 552 DeweyiDecima552 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 552 [.1 *‡Igneous rocks
For volcanic rocks, see 552.2; for plutonic rocks, see 552.3 552 DeweyiDecima552 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 552 [.2 *‡Volcanic rocks Class here aphanite See also 551.23 for volcanic volatiles
100 552 Earth[sciences 552
552 DeweyiDecima552 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 552 [.22 *‡Lava Including felsite, obsidian, rhyolite Class pyroclastic felsite in 552.23
For basalt, see 552.26 552 DeweyiDecima552 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 552 [.23 *‡Pyroclastic rocks Including andesite, pumice, tuff, volcanic ash
Class andesitic lava in 552.22 552 DeweyiDecima552 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 552 [.26 *‡Basalt Including pillow lava
Class basaltic pyroclastic rocks in 552.23 552 DeweyiDecima552 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 552 [.3 *‡Plutonic rocks Including diorite, dolerite, gabbro, granite, norite, peridotite, porphyry, syenite
Class here phanerite 552 DeweyiDecima552 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 552 [.4 *‡Metamorphic rocks
Including gneiss, marble, quartzite, schist, serpentinite, slate 552 DeweyiDecima552 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 552 [.5 *‡Sedimentary rocks Including gypsum, sandstone, shale, tufa; clay, diatomaceous earth, sand, silt, soil Class here comprehensive works on sedimentology Class pyroclastic tufa (tuff) in 552.23
For sedimentology as study of surface processes, see 551.3 552 DeweyiDecima552 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 552 [.58 *‡Carbonate rocks
Including chalk, dolomite, limestone, oolite 552 DeweyiDecima552 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 552 [.8 *‡Microscopic petrology
Class microscopic petrology of specific kinds of rocks in 552.1–552.5 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [553 *‡Economic geology Quantitative occurrence and distribution of geologic materials of economic utility Class here interdisciplinary works on nonmetallic geologic materials Class economic aspects other than reserves of geologic materials in 333.7; class interdisciplinary works on metals in 669 For a specific aspect of nonmetallic geologic materials other than economic geology, see the aspect, e.g., mining 622
101 553 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 553
553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
SUMMARY
[553.1 Formation and structure of deposits [.2 Carbonaceous materials [.3 Iron [.4 Metals and semimetals [.5 Structural and sculptural stone [.6 Other economic materials [.7 Water [.8 Gems
[.9 Inorganic gases 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.1 *‡Formation and structure of deposits
Class formation and structure of deposits of specific materials in 553.2–553.9553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.13 *‡Placer deposits 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.14 *‡Stratified layers and beds 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.16 *‡Pegmatite dikes 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.19 *‡Veins and lodes 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
> [553.2–553.9*‡Specific materials
Class comprehensive works in 553 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.2 *‡Carbonaceous materials Class here fossil fuels, nonrenewable fuels, organic geochemistry; comprehensive works on fuels Class interdisciplinary works on fuels in 662.6 For nuclear fuels, see 553.493; for diamonds, see 553.82; for jet, see
553.87; for amber, see 553.879 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
> [553.21–553.25*‡Coal
Class comprehensive works in 553.24 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.21 *‡Peat
Including peat coal 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.22 *‡Lignite (Brown coal) 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.23 *‡Cannel coal 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.24 *‡Bituminous and semibituminous coal Standard subdivisions are added for bituminous and semibituminous coal together, for bituminous coal alone Class here comprehensive works on coal For peat, see 553.21; for lignite, see 553.22; for cannel coal, see 553.23; for anthracite, see 553.25; for jet, see 553.87
102 553 Earth[sciences 553
553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.25 *‡Anthracite 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.26 *‡Graphite Variant names: black lead, plumbago
Class graphitic anthracite coal in 553.25 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.27 *‡Solid and semisolid bitumens Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading Including ozokerite Class here asphalt (pitch) Class liquid bitumens (oil) in 553.282; class rocks and sands impregnated
with solid or semisolid bitumens in 553.283 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.28 *‡Oil, oil shales, tar sands, natural gas Class here petroleum geology Use 553.28 for petroleum in the broad sense covering oil and gas, 553.282
for petroleum in the narrow sense limited to oil 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.282 *‡Oil 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.283 *‡Oil shale and tar sands Variant names for oil shale: bituminous shale, black shale; for tar
sands: bituminous sands, oil sands 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.285 *‡Natural gas 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.29 *‡Fossil resins and gums Standard subdivisions are added for fossil resins and gums together, for fossil resins alone
For amber, see 553.879 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.3 *‡Iron 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.4 *‡Metals and semimetals Standard subdivisions are added for metals and semimetals together, for metals alone
For iron, see 553.3 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.41 *‡Gold 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.42 *‡Precious metals
For gold, see 553.41 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.421 *‡Silver 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.422 *‡Platinum 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.43 *‡Copper 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.44 *‡Lead
103 553 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 553
553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.45 *‡Zinc, tin, mercury 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.452 *‡Zinc 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.453 *‡Tin 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.454 *‡Mercury 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.46 *‡Metals used in ferroalloys
For cobalt and nickel, see 553.48 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.462 *‡Titanium, vanadium, manganese 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.462 3 *‡Titanium 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.462 6 *‡Vanadium 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.462 9 *‡Manganese 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.464 *‡Chromium, molybdenum, tungsten 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.464 3 *‡Chromium 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.464 6 *‡Molybdenum 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.464 9 *‡Tungsten 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.465 *‡Zirconium and tantalum 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.47 *‡Antimony, arsenic, bismuth 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.48 *‡Cobalt and nickel 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.483 *‡Cobalt 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.485 *‡Nickel 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.49 *‡Other metals 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.492 *‡Light metals 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.492 3 *‡Beryllium 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.492 6 *‡Aluminum 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.492 9 *‡Magnesium 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.493 *‡Fissionable metals Including radium, thorium
Class here nuclear fuels 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.493 2 *‡Uranium 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.494 *‡Rare-earth metals
Class here lanthanide series 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.494 2 *‡Scandium 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.494 3 *‡Cerium group 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.494 7 *‡Yttrium group
104 553 Earth[sciences 553
553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.495 *‡Platinum metals
For platinum, see 553.422 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.499 *‡Metals not provided for elsewhere Including barium, indium, lithium, niobium, sodium, tellurium Class here semimetals
For antimony, arsenic, bismuth, see 553.47 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.5 *‡Structural and sculptural stone Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading Class petrology of structural and sculptural stone in 552
For semiprecious sculptural stone, see 553.87 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.51 *‡Marble and limestone 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.512 *‡Marble
For verd antique and onyx marble, see 553.55 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.516 *‡Limestone
Including dolomite, travertine 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.52 *‡Granite and syenite Standard subdivisions are added for granite and syenite together, for
granite alone 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.53 *‡Sandstone Including bluestone, flagstones For flagstones of a specific stone other than sandstone, see the stone,
e.g., slate 553.54 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.54 *‡Slate 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.55 *‡Serpentine, soapstone (steatite), and their variants Including verd antique and onyx marble
See also 553.87 for onyx 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.6 *‡Other economic materials Including diatomaceous earth Class here earthy materials, industrial minerals For inorganic gases, see 553.9; for soils, see 631.4
105 553 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 553
553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.61 *‡Clay Including bentonite, diaspore clay, kaolin; fuller’s earth Class here comprehensive works on ceramic materials For fireclay, see 553.67. For a specific nonclay ceramic material, see
the material, e.g., glass sands 553.622 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.62 *‡Sand and gravel
Class here aggregates 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.622 *‡Sand
Including glass sand 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.626 *‡Gravel 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.63 *‡Salts
For saltpeter, see 553.64; for mineral waters, see 553.73 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.632 *‡Rock salt (Sodium chloride) 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.633 *‡Borates
Including borax 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.635 *‡Gypsum
Including alabaster 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.636 *‡Potash salts
Class here potassium minerals 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.64 *‡Nitrates and phosphates Including apatites, saltpeter
Class here mineral fertilizers 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.65 *‡Abrasives Including corundum, flint, industrial diamonds Class comprehensive works on abrasives that are also gems in 553.8
For sand, see 553.622 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.66 *‡Mineral pigments and sulfur 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.662 *‡Mineral pigments
Including barite 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.668 *‡Sulfur 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.67 *‡Refractory materials Including alumina, fireclay For soapstone, see 553.55
106 553 Earth[sciences 553
553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.672 *‡Asbestos 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.674 *‡Mica 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.676 *‡Talc 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.678 *‡Vermiculite 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.68 *‡Cement materials Including chalk, lime, marl
For gypsum, see 553.635 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.7 *‡Water Including ice Class interdisciplinary works on thermal waters in 333.88; class interdisciplinary works on ice in 551.31 For geology of thermal waters, see 551.23
See Manual at 363.61 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.72 *‡Saline water 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.73 *‡Mineral waters
For saline water, see 553.72 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.78 *‡Surface water 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.79 *‡Groundwater (Subsurface water) 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.8 *‡Gems Class here comprehensive works on stones that are both gems and abrasives
For gemstones treated as abrasives, see 553.65 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
> [553.82–553.86*‡Precious stones
Class comprehensive works in 553.8 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.82 *‡Diamonds
For industrial diamonds, see 553.65 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.84 *‡Rubies and sapphires 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.86 *‡Emeralds 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.87 *‡Semiprecious stones
Including agates, amethysts, garnet, jet, tourmaline, turquoise 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.873 *‡Opals 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.876 *‡Jade Class here jadite, nephrite
107 553 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 553
553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.879 *‡Amber 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.9 *‡Inorganic gases 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.92 *‡Hydrogen 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.93 *‡Nitrogen 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.94 *‡Oxygen 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.95 *‡Chlorine and fluorine 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553 [.97 *‡Noble gases Variant name: inert, rare gases
Including radon 553 DeweyiDecima553 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 553
[.971 *‡Helium 554 DeweyiDecima554 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 554 [554–559 *‡Earth sciences by specific continents, countries, localities in modern world; extraterrestrial worlds Class here geology, geological surveys, stratifications Add to base number 55 notation 4–9 from Table 2, e.g., geology of Japan 555.2, of moon 559.91 Class historical geology and stratifications of specific continents, countries, localities during a specific era or period in 551.71–551.79; class geological surveys of specific areas emphasizing materials of economic importance in 553.094–553.099; class comprehensive works on earth sciences in 550; class comprehensive works on geology in 551. Class a specific geologic topic (other than historical geology taken as a whole) in a specific area with the topic, e.g.,
volcanoes in Japan 551.210952, geomorphology of Japan 551.410952 554 DeweyiDecima554 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 554 [554 *‡Earth sciences of Europe
Number built according to instructions under 554–559 555 DeweyiDecima555 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 555 [555 *‡Earth sciences of Asia
Number built according to instructions under 554–559 556 DeweyiDecima556 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 556 [556 *‡Earth sciences of Africa
Number built according to instructions under 554–559 557 DeweyiDecima557 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 557 [557 *‡Earth sciences of North America
Number built according to instructions under 554–559 558 DeweyiDecima558 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 558 [558 *‡Earth sciences of South America
Number built according to instructions under 554–559 559 DeweyiDecima559 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 559 [559 *‡Earth sciences of other parts of world and of extraterrestrial worlds Of Pacific Ocean islands Number built according to instructions under 554–559
108 559 Earth[sciences 559
559 DeweyiDecima559 lEartiClassificationh[sciences 559
[.9 *‡Earth sciences of extraterrestrial worlds Number built according to instructions under 554–559 See Manual at 523 vs. 550; also at 629.43, 629.45 vs. 559.9, 919.904
109 520 ManualioniUseiofiDeweyiDecimaliClassification [
520 ManualioniUse[ AstronomiofiDeweyy[iandDecima[alliedliClassification[sciences 520 [
520 vs. 500.5, 523.1, 530.1, 919.9 Outer space Use 520 for popular works on as tronom y that use the terms "space" and "outer space" while dis cuss ing the vari ous in ter est ing as tro nomi cal bod ies and phe nom - ena of the universe , and use 523.1 for works that use the terms as synony m ous with the uni verse treated as a single unit. Use 520 for works on explor ing space or outer space that em phasiz e as tronom i- cal findings (or use a specif ic number in 523 if the work is lim ited to specif ic bod- ies, e.g., the solar sys tem 523.2). Use 919.9 plus nota ti on 04 from the table under 913–919 when the works re fer to geographi c explo ra ti on, that is, live hum ans go- ing out on real or imaginary visit s to the planets or stars. Use 500.5 for a work on space science s in general that has no parti cular refer ence to as tronom ical bodies . Use 530.1, where an includ ing note menti ons space, if the work refers sim ply to space with nothing in it.
If in doubt, prefer in the follow ing order: 520, 523.1, 530.1, 500.5, 919.9. 520 ManualioniUse[ AstronomiofiDeweyy[iandDecima[alliedliClassification[sciences 520 [
520 vs. 523.1, 523.112, 523.8 Astronomy and allied sciences vs. The universe, galaxies, quasars vs. Galaxies vs. Stars Use 520 for works descri b ing the universe in its several disti nct com po nents, e.g., as indi vid ual planets , stars, gal axies . Use 523.1 for works treat ing the uni- verse as a single unit. If in doubt, pre fer 520. Stars and galaxies Use 523.8 for com prehen sive works on stars and galax ies when they are treated as in divid ual astro nom ical bod ies. However, use 523.112 when the work consid - ers stars prim aril y as com po nents of gal axies . Use 523.1 if the work consid ers gal ax ies and stars primar ily in the con text of cos molog ical theo ries, with little discus sion of indi vid ual stars or gal axies . Use 520 for works that discuss other as tro nomical bod ies, e.g., plan ets and com ets, as well as stars and gal ax ies.
If in doubt betwee n 523.8 and 523.112, pre fer 523.8. 523 ManualioniUse[ AstronomiofiDeweyy[iandDecima[alliedliClassification[sciences 523 [
523 vs. 550 Earth sciences in extraterrestrial worlds Use 523 for phe nom ena of celes tial bodies when the ce les tial body has no disti nct lithosphere , since in such cases hy drosphere and mete or ol ogy are moot concept s, and thus the phe nom ena are not direct ly com para ble to ter restri al phe nom ena. Use 559.9 and nota ti on 0999 from Table 1 in 551–553 for phenom ena of celes tial bodies that have disti nct lithosphere s when the phenom ena are di rectly com para - ble to ter restri al phe nom ena. For exam ple, use 551.5099923 for the at mosphere
110 [ Physics 530
of Mars (which has a lithosphere ), but use 523.86 for the at mosphere of stars (which do not); use 523.45 for the red spot of Jupi ter (a planet without a disti nct
lithosphere ). If in doubt, prefer 523. 530 ManualioniUseiofiDeweyiDecimaliClassification[ Physics 530 [
530.416 vs. 539.75 Responsive behavior and energy phenomena vs. Nuclear activities and interactions Use 530.416 for works that study topics in re sponsive behav ior, energy phenom - ena, nucle ar ac tiviti es, nucle ar inter acti ons in the context of the condense d (solid and liquid) state, i.e., in answer to the questi on, what is taking place in condense d matter that makes it behave the way it does. Use 539.75 for works that study these topics in the abstra ct, or in the context of nucle ar structure , i.e., in answer to the questi on, what makes the atom and its parti cles behave the way they do. If in
doubt, pre fer 530.416. 530 ManualioniUseiofiDeweyiDecimaliClassification[ Physics 530 [
530.475 vs. 530.12, 531.16 Brownian motion and particle mechanics Use 530.475 (or the similar num bers 530.415, 530.425, 530.435) for treat ment of parti cles in diffu sion within vari ous states of matter . Use 530.12 for com prehen - sive works on par ticle mechan ics. Par ticle mechan ics is a sub ject that ex ists in both classi cal and quantum physics , but is far more basic to the study of quantum physics , where the quanta can be consid ered parti cles. Use 531.16 only if the em - phasis is clearly on classi cal mechan ics . Use other num bers in modern physics if appro pri ate , e.g., orbit s of suba tomic parti cles 539.725. If in doubt, pre fer in the follow ing order: 530.475, 530.12, 531.16. Use 530.475 for inter disci pli nary works on Brownian moti on, which usuall y re - fers to the random moti on of micro scopi c parti cles. However, class with the sub- ject the exten sion by anal ogy of the concept to a va riety of similar random move ments, e.g., of prices, of bio logi cal popu la tions, of in stru men tal re cord ings. Use 530.425 for works on Brownian moti on with an em phasis (often unsta ted)
on such moti on in fluids. 541 ManualioniUse[ ChemistryiofiDewey[iandDecima[alliedliClassification[sciences 541 [
541 vs. 546 Physical chemistry of specific chemicals Use a subdi vi sion of 546 for physi cal chem istry of a spe cific elem ent or com - pound; however, use a subdi vi sion of 541 when one or two exam ples drawn from large groupings like metals (546.3) or nonm etals (546.7) are used pri maril y to study or explai n a spe cific topic in physi cal chem istry , e.g., hydrogen-ion con- cen tra tion 541.3728 (not 546.2). If in doubt, prefer 541.
111 548 ManualioniUseiofiDeweyiDecimaliClassification [
548 ManualioniUse[ ChemistryiofiDewey[iandDecima[alliedliClassification[sciences 548 [
548 vs. 530.41 Crystallography vs. Solid-state physics Use 548 for works on crystal s and crystal logra phy when these terms are used to refer to discret e object s and ab stract latti ce patter ns. Use 530.41 for works on crys tallog ra phy and the crys talline state in their broad senses, i.e., when the terms are used to cover atomic ar rangem ent in metals, ce ramics, amorpho us mate ri als, or poly mers. Use 530.41 as the com prehen sive number. If in doubt, pre fer 548
for works clearly em pha siz ing or di nary crys tals. 549 ManualioniUse[ ChemistryiofiDewey[iandDecima[alliedliClassification[sciences 549 [
549 vs. 546 Mineralogy vs. Inorganic chemistry Use 549 num bers for top ics of physi cal and theo retical chem istry pertai n ing to the structure and behav i or of hom oge ne ous crysta ll ine soli ds. Use 546 numbers for com prehen sive works on the chem istry and miner al ogy of spe cific chemical
types. If in doubt, pre fer 549. 549 ManualioniUse[ ChemistryiofiDewey[iandDecima[alliedliClassification[sciences 549 [
549 vs. 548 Mineralogy vs. Crystallography Use 549 for the crystal logra phy of spe cific miner als un less the miner als are used to study or ex plain a topic in 548, e.g., quartz, feld spar, and relat ed crystal s 549.68, but a study of isom orphism using quartz, feld spar, and relat ed crystal s
548.3. If in doubt, pre fer 549. 550 ManualioniUseiofiDeweyiDecima[ EartliClassificationh[sciences 550 [
550 vs. 910 Earth sciences vs. Geography and travel Geophys ics (550) is the analy sis of the struc ture of the earth and the forces shap- ing it; physi cal geog raphy (910.02) is the descri p tion of the result ing landsca pe. Use the number for a specif ic force or pro cess in 551 for de scrip tions of the re- sults of the specif ic force or pro cess, e.g., earthquakes in Myan m ar 551.2209591. Use the number for a specif ic land form in 551.41–.45 for the opera ti on of all forces and proces ses that com bined to create a spe cific topo graphic land form, e.g., form ati on of moun tains in Myan m ar 551.43209591. Use 554–559 for the op era tion of all the forces and pro cesses taken as a whole in a spe cific area, es pe - cially if the work em phasiz es solid geol ogy, e.g., geophysi cal proces ses oper at - ing in My anm ar or the geol ogy of Myan m ar 555.91. However, use 910.02 or the specif ic area number in 913–919, plus nota ti on 02 from the table at 913–919, when a work treats the geographi c landsca pe with only minor consid era ti on of geo physi cal pro cesses, e.g., graphi cal de scrip tion of sur face fea tures in My an - mar 915.9102. If in doubt, pre fer 550. Use 910 or the spe cific area number in 913–919, plus nota ti on 04 from the table at 913–919, for descri pti ons of surface feature s for travel ers. Such descri pti ons usuall y cover resort accom moda ti ons and the am bience as well as geographi c fea tures, e.g., con tem po rary tour ist beaches in My an mar 915.91045.
112 [ Earth[sciences 551
551 ManualioniUseiofiDeweyiDecima[ EartliClassificationh[sciences 551 [
551.302–.307 vs. 551.35 Erosion and weathering, sediments and sedimentation, soil formation, mass movement vs. Geologic work of water Use 551.302–.304 for works giving due cover age to the work of wind, glacie rs, or frost, even if agents other than water take up only a small part of the text, since water is by far the most im portant agent in the erosion, transport, and deposit of geologi c mate ri als . Use 551.352–.354 only for works lim ited to the work of wa - ter or to mate ri als trans ported by wa ter. Use 551.305 for the work of water in soil form ati on and 551.307 for the work of water in mass movem ent. Wa ter is also the most im portant agent in these pro- cesses, but it al most alway s acts in conjunc ti on with other agents to produce the pro cesses, e.g., ac tion of dis solved chemicals, tem pera ture changes, or earth -
quake vi bra tions. 551 ManualioniUseiofiDeweyiDecima[ EartliClassificationh[sciences 551 [
551.5 vs. 551.6 Meteorology vs. Climatology and weather Met eor ol ogy anal yzes and desc ribes the proper t ies and phenom ena of the atm os- phere, and thus explai ns clim ate and weather. Me teor ol ogy is also the com pre- hensi ve subjec t, encom pass i ng consi dera t ion of clim atol ogy and weather. Use 551.5 for works called "cli matol ogy," "cli mate and weather," or sim ply "clim ate" or "weather," if they cover topics in mete or ol ogy. Use 551.6 only when the words are lim ited to four senses: 1. The de scripti on of phenom ena of the at mosphere taken as a whole, weather usuall y being the short-range de scripti on, and clim ate the long-range de scrip - tion 2. The pre dic tion of weather, cli mate, or spe cific me te oro logi cal phe nom ena, that is, weather forecas ting and forecas ts (551.63–.65) 3. The study of cli mate or mete or ol ogy in small ar eas, that is, micro cli matol - ogy or mi cro me te or ol ogy (551.66) 4. The attem pt to modify weather or any specif ic mete oro logi cal phenom ena (551.68), which is actu all y a technol ogy Use 551.5 num bers for all other aspect s, includ ing descri pti on (weather reports) of specif ic phe nom ena, regard les s of the terms used in the work in hand, e.g., a discus sion of the fac tors that produce weather 551.5, reports of rainfal l 551.577, a descri pti on of clim ate types of Asia 551.62095, forecas ts of rainfal l 551.6477, a forecas t of a rainy day in Singa pore 551.655957. If in doubt, prefer 551.5.
113 551 ManualioniUseiofiDeweyiDecimaliClassification [
551 ManualioniUseiofiDeweyiDecima[ EartliClassificationh[sciences 551 [
551.7 vs. 560 Historical geology vs. Paleontology Paleozoology Use 551.7 for works on his tori cal geol ogy, which stud ies the rocks and their strata, using pale on to l ogica l facts to help date and int erpret deposi ti on, move- ment, and erosion. Use 560 for works on pale on tol ogy, which stud ies life in former geologi cal ages through the int erpre t ati on of fossi ls. Pal eon tol ogy utili zes the same mate ria l as histori cal geol ogy, i.e., the geologi c rec ord, but only as a record of life and the envi ron m ent in which life evolved. If in doubt, pre fer 551.7.
114 RelativeiIndex ____ Agates 553.87 A see also Semiprecious stones Aggregates (Materials) 553.62 Aberration economic geology 553.62 astronomy 522.9 Air currents 551.517 Ablation of snow 551.578 464 Air masses 551.551 2 Abrasives Air mechanics 533.6 mineral resources 553.65 Air-sea interactions 551.524 6 Absolute temperature 536.5 Air temperatures Absorption 541.33 meteorology 551.525 chemistry 541.33 Alabaster 553.635 gaseous-state physics 530.435 economic geology 553.635 E see also Adsorption Alaska, Gulf of (Alaska) 551.461 434 Absorption of sound Alaskan Pacific seawaters 551.461 434 physics 534.208 Albemarle Sound (N.C.) 551.461 348 Acceleration Alchemy 540.112 classical mechanics 531.112 Alcohol 547.031 Acceleration of particles 539.73 see also Alcoholic beverages Acetylene 547.413 see also Alcohols Acid rain Alcohols 547.031 meteorology 551.577 1 aromatic chemistry 547.631 weather forecasting 551.647 71 chemistry 547.031 Acids 546.24 Aldehydes 547.036 aromatic chemistry 547.637 aromatic chemistry 547.636 chemistry 546.24 Algonkian era 551.715 organic chemistry 547.037 geology 551.715 see also Chemicals Alicyclic compounds 547.5 NAcidulous salts 546.34 Aliphatic compounds 547.4 Acoustics 534 Alkali metals see also Sound chemistry 546.38 Actinide series NAlkaline salts 546.34 chemistry 546.42 Alkaline-earth metals Actinium chemistry 546.39 chemistry 546.421 Alkalis 546.32 NAcylation 547.2 Alkaloids Addition (Chemical reaction) 541.39 chemistry 547.7 organic chemistry 547.2 Alkanes 547.411 Aden, Gulf of 551.461 532 Alkenes 547.412 Adhesion 541.33 I Alkoxides 547.65 Adriatic Sea 551.461 385 Alkylation 547.2 Adsorption 541.335 Alkynes 547.413 chemistry 541.335 Alloys gaseous-state physics 530.435 chemistry 546.3 semiconductors 537.622 6 Alluvium 551.354 NAdsorption chromatography 543.8 E descriptive research 551.354 072 3 Aegean Sea 551.461 388 Almanacs (Ephemerides) 528 Aerial surveying 526.982 Alpha decay 539.752 2 I Aerial surveys 526.982 Alpha particles 539.723 2 Aerodynamics 533.62 Alumina 553.67 Aeromechanics 533.6 economic geology 553.67 Aerosols 541.345 15 Aluminum colloid chemistry 541.345 15 chemistry 546.673 meteorology 551.511 3 economic geology 553.492 6 Aerostatics 533.61 I Afrotherians 559
115 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Alunite Antimony mineralogy 549.755 chemistry 546.716 Amber 553.879 economic geology 553.47 N economic geology 553.879 N mineralogy 549.25 see also Semiprecious stones NAntineutrinos 539.721 5 American Arctic seawaters 551.461 327 NAntineutrons 539.721 3 Americium 546.441 Antiparticles 539.72 see also Chemicals Antiprotons 539.721 23 Amethysts 553.87 Antlerite see also Semiprecious stones N mineralogy 549.755 Amides 547.042 Apatites 553.64 Amination 547.27 mineralogy 549.72 Amines 547.042 Aphanite 552.2 Ammonia 546.711 2 NApogee 521.3 Ammonium hydroxide 546.711 2 Apophyllite Ammonium salts 546.711 24 N mineralogy 549.67 Amorphous solids 530.413 Appleton layers 538.767 4 Amphiboles NApplied geology 553 mineralogy 549.66 Aqaba, Gulf of 551.461 533 NAmphoteric salts 546.34 Aqueous solutions 541.342 2 Amundsen Sea 551.461 74 Aquifers 553.79 Analytical chemistry 543 see also Groundwater minerals 549.133 Arabian Sea 551.461 537 organic chemistry 543.17 Arafura Sea 551.461 475 Analytical mechanics 531.015 15 Aragonite Anchor ice 551.344 mineralogy 549.785 Andalusite Archean era 551.712 mineralogy 549.62 geology 551.712 Andaman Sea 551.461 565 Archeozoic era 551.712 Andesite 552.23 geology 551.712 Anglesite Arctic Ocean 551.461 32 N mineralogy 549.752 Argentite Angular momentum (Nuclear N mineralogy 549.32 physics) 539.725 Argon Anhydrite chemistry 546.753 mineralogy 549.752 N economic geology 553.97 Anhydrous sulfates Arid lands 551.415 mineralogy 549.752 geomorphology 551.415 I Anion separation 541.372 2 Aromatic compounds 547.6 NAnion separation analysis 543.2 Aromatization 547.27 Annihilation (Nuclear Arsenates particles) 539.75 mineralogy 549.72 I Anolytes 541.372 4 Arsenic Antarctic waters 551.461 7 chemistry 546.715 Anthracenes 547.616 economic geology 553.47 Anthracite coal 553.25 N mineralogy 549.25 economic geology 553.25 organic chemistry 547.057 15 Antibiotics Arsenides chemistry 547.7 mineralogy 549.32 Anticlines 551.86 Artesian wells Anticyclones (Meteorology) 551.551 4 hydrology 551.498 Antimatter 530 Artificial modification of Antimonides weather 551.68 mineralogy 549.32
116 RelativeiIndex ____ Artificial radioactivity Atmospheric disturbances 551.55 physics 539.753 Atmospheric electricity 551.563 Artificial satellites Atmospheric formations 551.551 weather reporting 551.635 4 Atmospheric ionization 538.767 I Artificial satellites in I Atmospheric mercury 551.511 2 ionospheric research 551.514 502 84 I Atmospheric models 551.510 11 I Artificial satellites in E 551.510 11 meteorological optics 551.565 Atmospheric nucleation 551.574 1 I Artificial satellites in Atmospheric optics 551.565 oceanography 551.460 723 Atmospheric pressure 551.54 Asbestos 553.672 Atmospheric radiation economic geology 553.672 meteorology 551.527 3 Asian Arctic seawaters 551.461 325 Atolls 551.424 Asphalt 553.27 geomorphology 551.424 economic geology 553.27 I Atom-atom collisions 539.757 NAsphaltite 553.27 I Atom-molecule collisions 539.6 N see also Asphalt Atomic emission spectroscopy Astatine 546.735 543.52 Asteroids 523.44 Atomic energy I Collisions with Earth 551.397 physics 539.7 I Astrogeologists 559.909 2 Atomic mass E 559.909 2 chemistry 541.242 NAstrolabes 522.2 Atomic number 541.242 Astrology Atomic physics 539.7 natural 520 astronomy 523.019 7 Astrometry 522 Atomic spectroscopy 543.5 I Astromineralogy 549.999 E analytical chemistry 543.5 E 549.999 Atomic structure 539.14 Astronavigation 527 chemistry 541.24 Astronomers 520.92 Atomic weight 541.242 Astronomical almanacs 528 Atoms 539.7 Astronomical geography 525 theoretical chemistry 541.24 Astronomical instruments 522.2 I Attenuation (Physics) 530 N use 522.2 Auroras (Geomagnetism) 538.768 Astronomical observatories 522.1 I Authigenesis 552.03 NAstronomical twilight 525.7 I Autumnal equinox 522.7 Astronomy 520 Avalanches 551.307 N dictionaries 520.3 snow 551.578 48 see Manual at 520 vs. 523.1, I Axial flow 532.052 523.112, 523.8 Axinite Astrophotography 522.63 N mineralogy 549.64 Astrophysics 523.01 Azimuth 526.63 I Astrotomography 522.6 Azo compounds 547.043 Atacamite Azov, Sea of (Ukraine and N mineralogy 549.4 Russia) 551.461 389 Atlantic Ocean 551.461 3 Aztec calendar 529.329 784 52 Atmosphere 551.5 I Aztec cosmology 523.108 997 452 meteorology 551.5 E 523.108 997 E moon 551.509 991 452 Atmosphere-land interactions 551.523 Azurite Atmosphere-ocean interactions N mineralogy 549.785 551.524 6 ‘Bab el Mandeb 551.461 532 Atmosphere-water interactions I Badlands 551.415 551.524 Baffin Bay 551.461 327
117 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Baguios (Hurricanes) 551.552 Berkelium 546.444 N see also Hurricanes see also Chemicals Bahía Blanca Estuary Beryl (Argentina) 551.461 368 mineralogy 549.64 NBahía Grande 551.461 368 Beryllium NBaking soda 546.382 22 chemistry 546.391 Balearic Sea 551.461 382 economic geology 553.492 3 Bali Sea (Indonesia) 551.461 474 Beta decay 539.752 3 Ball lightning 551.563 4 Beta particles 539.721 12 Ballistics 531.55 Betatron-synchrotrons 539.735 physics 531.55 Betatrons 539.734 Baltic Sea 551.461 334 Big bang theory (Cosmogony) Banda Sea 551.461 474 523.18 Barents Sea 551.461 324 NBinaries (Stars) 523.841 Barite 553.662 NBinary salts 546.34 mineralogy 549.752 Binary stars 523.841 Barium Biochemicals chemistry 546.395 organic chemistry 547 economic geology 553.499 Biosensors Barometric leveling 526.37 E analytical chemistry 543 Barometric pressure 551.54 I Bipolar outflows Barrier islands 551.423 (Astrophysics) 523.88 geomorphology 551.423 Biscay, Bay of (France and Baryons 539.721 64 Spain) 551.461 338 Basalt 552.26 Biscayne Bay (Fla.) 551.461 348 Base lines (Surveying) 526.33 Bismarck Sea 551.461 476 Bases (Chemicals) 546.32 Bismuth see also Chemicals chemistry 546.718 Basic sulfates economic geology 553.47 mineralogy 549.755 N mineralogy 549.25 Bass Strait (Vic. and Tas.) 551.461 576 Bismuthinite Bauxite 553.492 6 N mineralogy 549.32 economic geology 553.492 6 Bitumens 553.27 mineralogy 549.53 see also Asphalt Bay of Bengal 551.461 564 Bituminous coal 553.24 Bay of Biscay (France and see also Coal Spain) 551.461 338 Bituminous materials 553.2 Bay of Fundy 551.461 345 economic geology 553.2 I Bayesian field theory 530.14 Bituminous sands 553.283 Beach erosion 551.36 see also Tar sands I Monitoring 551.36 Bituminous shale 553.283 Beaches 551.457 see also Oil shale geomorphology 551.457 Black holes (Astronomy) 523.887 5 Beams (Light) 535.5 Black lead 553.26 Beaufort Sea 551.461 327 see also Graphite Bellingshausen Sea 551.461 74 Black Sea 551.461 389 Bench marks 526.32 Black shale 553.283 Bengal, Bay of 551.461 564 see also Oil shale Bentonite 553.61 Blizzards 551.555 economic geology 553.61 NBlowpipe analysis 543.26 Benzene 547.611 Blowpipes (Chemical Bering Sea 551.461 451 apparatus) 542.4 Bering Strait 551.461 451 I Blue stragglers (Stars) 523.88
118 RelativeiIndex ____ Bluestone 553.53 Brown coal 553.22 economic geology 553.53 economic geology 553.22 I Bodies of water 551.46 Brownian motion 530.475 Boiling points 536.44 liquid-state physics 530.425 Boltzmann statistics 530.132 see Manual at 530.475 vs. 530.12, Bombardment 531.16 particle physics 539.73 Brucite solid-state physics 530.416 N mineralogy 549.53 Bonds (Chemical forces) 541.224 Bubbles 530.427 5 Boracite chemistry 541.33 N mineralogy 549.735 physics 530.427 5 Borates 553.633 Buddhist calendar 529.324 3 economic geology 553.633 NBulk modulus 531.381 mineralogy 549.735 Bunsen burners 542.4 Borax 553.633 Buoyancy 532.02 economic geology 553.633 air mechanics 533.61 mineralogy 549.735 gas mechanics 533.12 Boron 553.6 liquid mechanics 532.25 chemistry 546.671 Buzzards Bay (Mass. : Bay) 551.461 346 economic geology 553.6 N mineralogy 549.25 C organic chemistry 547.056 71 see also Chemicals NCádiz, Gulf of (Spain) 551.461 338 Bosons 539.721 Cadmium Bosporus (Turkey) 551.461 389 chemistry 546.662 NBosses (Geology) 551.88 N economic geology 553.499 Bothnia, Gulf of 551.461 334 Caesium I Bottom water (Oceanography) N chemistry 546.385 551.46 Calaverite Boundary layers 532.051 N mineralogy 549.32 physics 532.051 NCalcite 553.68 Boundary surveying 526.9 mineralogy 549.782 Bournonite Calcium N mineralogy 549.35 chemistry 546.393 Brackish water 553.72 N economic geology 553.499 economic geology 553.72 organic chemistry 547.053 93 hydrology 551.48 I Calcium compounds 546.393 2 I Braided rivers 551.483 E 546.393 2 I Branching fractions (Nuclear Calcium phosphate physics) 539.752 N chemistry 546.393 24 I Branes 539.725 8 Calendar reform 529.5 Bremsstrahlung 539.722 2 Calendars 529.3 NBrightness of stars 523.822 chronology 529.3 Brine 553.72 Calibration 530.8 Bristol Bay (Alaska) 551.461 434 California, Gulf of (Mexico) 551.461 41 British system (Measurement) E California Current 551.462 143 530.813 I 551.462 143 British western seawaters 551.461 337 Californium 546.448 I Broadband dielectric see also Chemicals spectroscopy 543.5 Calorimetry 536.6 Bromine Cambrian period 551.723 chemistry 546.733 geology 551.723 economic geology 553.6 I Campanian-Maastrichtian organic chemistry 547.02 boundary 551.77
119 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Camphors I Cavity-ringdown spectroscopy chemistry 547.71 543.5 Canadian Pacific seawaters 551.461 433 E 543.5 Cannel coal 553.23 Celebes Sea 551.461 473 economic geology 553.23 Celestial bodies 520 Canyons 551.442 Celestial mechanics 521 geomorphology 551.442 Celestial navigation 527 Cape Cod Bay (Mass.) 551.461 345 Celestial reference systems 522.7 Capillarity 530.427 Celestite E chemistry 541.33 mineralogy 549.752 N physics 530.427 Cement Capture (Nuclear particles) 539.75 economic geology 553.68 I Carbocations 547.137 2 Cenozoic era 551.78 E 547.137 2 geology 551.78 Carbohydrates Central Pacific Basin 551.461 49 chemistry 547.78 Centrifugal force 531.113 Carbon 547 fluid mechanics 532.059 5 inorganic chemistry 546.681 solid mechanics 531.35 mineralogy 549.27 Centripetal force 531.113 organic chemistry 547 fluid mechanics 532.059 5 see also Chemicals solid mechanics 531.35 Carbon dioxide 546.681 2 Cepheids 523.844 25 Carbonaceous materials 553.2 Ceram Sea (Indonesia) 551.461 473 economic geology 553.2 Ceramic materials 553.61 NCarbonado 553.65 economic geology 553.61 Carbonate rocks 552.58 Cerargyrite Carbonates N mineralogy 549.4 mineralogy 549.78 P Ceres (Dwarf planet) 523.44 Carboniferous period 551.75 Cerium geology 551.75 chemistry 546.412 Carboxylic acids 547.037 N economic geology 553.494 3 Caribbean Sea 551.461 365 Cerium-group metals Carnallite 553.636 N chemistry 546.41 mineralogy 549.4 economic geology 553.494 3 Carnot cycle 536.71 Cerussite NCarpentaria, Gulf of N mineralogy 549.785 (Australia) 551.461 475 Cesium Cartographers 526.092 chemistry 546.385 I Cartographic historians 526.092 N economic geology 553.499 Cartography 526 Chain reactions Cassiterite N chemistry 541.39 mineralogy 549.524 N organic chemistry 547.2 Catalysis 541.395 Chalcanthite organic chemistry 547.215 N mineralogy 549.755 Catechols 547.633 Chalcocite NCation separation analysis 543.2 mineralogy 549.32 Caustic potash 546.383 22 I Chalcogens 546.72 Caustic soda 546.382 22 P 546.72 Caves 551.447 Chalk 553.68 geomorphology 551.447 economic geology 553.68 E Waitomo District (N.Z.) 551.447 099 338 petrology 552.58 Cavitation 532.597 Charge of particles (Nuclear physics) 539.725
120 RelativeiIndex ____ Chasms 551.442 Chromium geomorphology 551.442 chemistry 546.532 Chelates 547.590 442 42 economic geology 553.464 3 Chemical analysis 543 organic chemistry 547.055 32 minerals 549.133 Chromium group organic chemistry 543.17 chemistry 546.53 Chemical bonds 541.224 Chromosphere of sun 523.75 Chemical compounds 546 Chronographs Chemical crystallography 548.3 astronomy 522.5 Chemical equilibrium 541.392 Chronologists 529.092 organic chemistry 547.212 Chronology 529 Chemical instruments 542 Chronometers Chemical laboratories 542.1 astronomy 522.5 Chemical mineralogy 549.13 Chrysoberyl Chemical oceanography 551.466 N mineralogy 549.528 Chemical reactions 541.39 Chrysocolla I Chemical templates 547.2 mineralogy 549.64 Chemicals 540 Chuckchee Sea 551.461 325 Chemiluminescence 541.35 Chukchi Sea 551.461 325 I Cheminformatics 542.85 Church calendar Chemisorption 541.335 chronology 529.44 Chemistry 540 Church year N history 540.9 chronology 529.44 E Chemistry data processing 542.85 Cinnabar NChemistry of interfaces 541.33 mineralogy 549.32 Chemists 540.92 Circular dichroism 541.7 Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.) Circulation (Meteorology) 551.517 551.461 347 Cirques (Geologic landforms) 551.315 I Chicxulub Crater 551.397 097 265 Cities Chile saltpeter 553.64 influence on precipitation 551.577 5 N chemistry 546.382 24 Classical mechanics 531 economic geology 553.64 Classical physics 530 mineralogy 549.732 theory 530.14 Chinese calendar 529.329 51 Classical statistical Chinooks (Winds) 551.518 5 mechanics 530.132 Chlorine 553.95 Clay 553.61 chemistry 546.732 economic geology 553.61 economic geology 553.95 mineralogy 549.6 organic chemistry 547.02 petrology 552.5 see also Chemicals Cleavage Chlorite geology 551.84 mineralogy 549.67 mineralogy 549.121 Chlorophylls Climate 551.6 organic chemistry 547.593 E research 551.607 2 Chondrodite see Manual at 551.5 vs. 551.6 N mineralogy 549.62 Climate control 551.68 Christian calendars 529.4 Climate types 551.62 Chromates Climatologists 551.609 2 mineralogy 549.752 Climatology 551.6 Chromatographic analysis 543.8 Cloud colors 551.567 Chromatography 543.8 Cloud seeding 551.687 6 Chromite Clouds 551.576 mineralogy 549.526 weather modification 551.687 6
121 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ NCluster-type variables Columbium (Stars) 523.844 25 chemistry 546.524 Clusters of stars 523.85 Combustion 541.361 Clyde, Firth of (Scotland) 551.461 337 chemistry 541.361 Coal 553.24 NCombustion analysis 543.26 economic geology 553.24 Comets 523.6 Coal tar 547.82 I Collisions with Earth 551.39 Coastal lands 551.457 NComplex salts 546.34 N see also Coasts I Complexes (Stratigraphy) 551.8 Coastal pools 551.461 8 Composition of atmosphere 551.511 Coastal regions 551.457 Composition of ocean floor 551.468 6 N see also Coasts Compounds (Chemicals) 546 E Coastal wetlands 551.457 chemistry 546 N see also Wetlands Compressibility Coastal zones 551.457 fluid mechanics 532.053 5 N see also Coasts gas mechanics 533.28 Coasts 551.457 liquid mechanics 532.58 geomorphology 551.457 Computations Cobalt N astronomy 522 chemistry 546.623 Condensation 536.44 economic geology 553.483 Condensation (Chemical organic chemistry 547.056 23 reaction) 541.39 Coefficient of expansion 536.41 organic chemistry 547.2 Coefficient of restitution 531.382 Condensation of moisture Coherent optics 535.2 meteorology 551.574 Cohesion Condensed matter 530.41 chemistry 541.33 E Conductive heat transfer 536.23 Cold 536.56 Conductivity NCold fronts 551.551 2 (Electrodynamics) I Cold gases 536.56 crystals 548.85 Colemanite NConductometric analysis 543.4 mineralogy 549.735 Conformal projections 526.82 Colligative properties Conservation of energy chemistry 541.341 5 (Physics) 531.62 I Collisionless plasmas 530.44 Conservation of mass-energy 530.11 I Collisions (Astrophysics) 523.2 Constellations 523.8 I 523.8 Containers Collisions (Physics) chemistry 542.2 nuclear particles 539.757 Continental drift 551.136 solid-state physics 530.416 NContinental wind systems 551.518 4 Colloid chemistry 541.345 Continents 551.41 specific elements and geomorphology 551.41 compounds 546 NContinuous creation Colloids 541.345 (Cosmogony) 523.18 specific elements and Continuum mechanics 531 compounds 546 Continuum physics 530 Color 535.6 theory 530.14 mineralogy 549.125 Contour surveying 526.981 physics 535.6 Contraction (Effect of heat) 536.41 I Color confinement (Nuclear E Convective heat transfer 536.25 physics) 539.754 8 Conversion tables Colorimetry 543.55 (Measurement) 530.81 Columbite Cook Inlet (Alaska) 551.461 434 N mineralogy 549.528 Cook Strait (N.Z.) 551.461 478
122 RelativeiIndex ____ Coordination chemistry 541.224 2 Crocoite Copolymerization N mineralogy 549.752 chemistry 547.28 Crucibles Copper chemistry 542.2 chemistry 546.652 Crust (Geology) economic geology 553.43 E Mars 551.130 999 23 organic chemistry 547.056 52 Crust of earth 551.13 Coral Sea 551.461 476 compression 551.82 I Corbetts 551.432 094 11 Cryogenics 536.56 Cordierite Cryolite mineralogy 549.64 mineralogy 549.4 Core of earth 551.112 Cryometry 536.54 I Core-mantle boundary 551.11 Cryptozoic eon 551.71 NCorinth, Gulf of (Greece) 551.461 386 geology 551.71 Corona of sun 523.75 Crystal conduction counters I Coronal holes (Astronomy) 523.75 nuclear physics 539.776 I Coronal mass ejections 523.75 Crystal growth 548.5 Coronas (Electronics) 537.52 Crystal lattices 548.81 I Corotating interaction Crystalline solids 530.413 regions 523.58 Crystallization 548.5 Corpuscular theory of light 535.12 Crystallograms 548.83 Corrections (Astronomy) 522.9 Crystallographers 548.092 Corundum 553.65 Crystallographic mineralogy 549.18 gems 553.84 Crystallography 548 mineralogy 549.523 see Manual at 548 vs. 530.41 Cosmic dust 523.112 5 see Manual at 549 vs. 548 Cosmic noise Crystals 548 meteorology 551.527 6 Cuprite Cosmic rays 539.722 3 mineralogy 549.522 meteorology 551.527 6 Curium 546.442 I Cosmic rotation 523.1 see also Chemicals Cosmochemistry 523.02 Cyanite Cosmogony 523.12 mineralogy 549.62 astronomy 523.12 Cyclic compounds 547.5 Cosmology 523.1 Cycloacetylenes 547.513 astronomy 523.1 Cyclones 551.551 3 Coulometry 543.4 NCyclones (Hurricanes) 551.552 Counterglow (Astronomy) 523.59 N see also Hurricanes Coupling (Nuclear particles) 539.75 Cyclones (Tornadoes) 551.553 I Coves (Valleys) 551.442 N see also Tornadoes Craters (Depressions) 551.21 Cycloolefins 547.512 geology 551.21 Cycloparaffins 547.511 Creation Cyclosilicates cosmogony 523.12 mineralogy 549.64 nuclear particles 539.75 Cyclotrons 539.733 Creep (Geology) 551.307 Cylinders Cretaceous period 551.77 I Aerodynamics 533.62 geology 551.77 I Thermodynamics 536.7 Crete, Sea of (Greece) 551.461 388 Critical phenomena 530.474 D see also Phase transformations Critical points 530.474 D region (Ionosphere) 538.767 2 fluid state 530.424 Damping of sound see also Phase transformations physics 534.208
123 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Dardanelles Strait (Turkey) 551.461 389 Diamagnetism 538.42 Darien, Gulf of (Colombia) 551.461 365 Diamonds 553.82 I Dark energy (Astronomy) 523.01 economic geology 553.82 Dark matter (Astronomy) 523.112 6 mineralogy 549.27 Davis Strait 551.461 342 see also Industrial diamonds Dawn 525.7 Diaspore Days 529.1 mineralogy 549.525 chronology 529.1 Diaspore clay 553.61 Decay schemes (Radioactivity) see also Clay 539.752 Diastrophism 551.8 I Deccan traps 552.26 Diatomaceous earth 553.6 I Deep-earth gas theory 553.280 1 economic geology 553.6 E Deep level transient petrology 552.5 spectroscopy 543.5 Diazines 547.593 I 543.5 Diazotization 547.27 Deformation 531.38 Dielectrics 537.24 crystals 548.842 crystals 548.85 geology 551.8 I Differential cross sections 539.757 physics 531.38 Diffraction crystallography 548.83 NDehydrogenation 547.23 Diffraction of light 535.42 Delagoa Bay 551.461 524 Diffuse nebulas 523.113 5 Delaware Bay (Del. and N.J.) 551.461 346 Diffusion 530.475 Deltas 551.456 analytical chemistry 543.2 geomorphology 551.456 chemistry 541.34 Denmark Strait 551.461 324 gaseous-state physics 530.435 Density 531.14 liquid-state physics 530.425 N fluid mechanics 532 physics 530.475 gas mechanics 533.15 semiconductors 537.622 5 liquid mechanics 532.4 solid-state physics 530.415 solid mechanics 531.54 Dihydroxy aromatics 547.633 Deposition (Geology) 551.303 Dikes (Geology) 551.88 Depressions (Physiography) 551.44 Dimensional analysis 530.8 geomorphology 551.44 Dimensions 530.81 Desertification physics 530.81 geomorphology 551.415 Dimorphism Deserts 551.415 crystallography 548.3 see also Arid lands Diorite 552.3 Destruction of universe 523.19 Diphenyl hydrocarbons 547.613 Detection of particles 539.77 Dipole moments 537.243 Detection of radioactivity 539.77 Dips (Geology) 551.85 Determinative mineralogy 549.1 Dislocation (Crystallography) 548.842 Deuterium 546.212 Dislocations (Geology) 551.872 see also Chemicals Disordered solids 530.413 Deuterium oxide Dispersion of light 535.4 chemistry 546.22 Disruptive discharges 537.52 Deuterons 539.723 2 Distillation Devonian period 551.74 chemistry 542.4 geology 551.74 Diurnal variations Dew 551.574 4 geomagnetism 538.742 Dew points 536.44 Dixon Entrance (B.C. and Diagenesis 552.03 Alaska) 551.461 433 Dialysis NDoldrums (Meteorology) 551.518 3 E analytical chemistry 543.2 Dolerite 552.3 chemistry 542.6
124 RelativeiIndex ____ Dolomite 553.516 Earth sciences 550 economic geology 553.516 see Manual at 550 vs. 910 mineralogy 549.782 Earth temperature petrology 552.58 I Effect of volcanic Doppler effect 534.3 eruptions on 551.525 3 NDouble salts 546.34 meteorological effect 551.523 Double stars 523.841 I Earthquake magnitude 551.220 287 Double sulfides Earthquakes 551.22 mineralogy 549.35 see also Disasters Dover, Strait of 551.461 336 Earth’s age 551.701 Drake Passage 551.461 73 Earthy materials 553.6 Drops 530.427 economic geology 553.6 Droughts Earthy minerals 553.6 meteorology 551.577 3 economic geology 553.6 Drumlins 551.315 East China Sea 551.461 457 Dumortierite E East Pacific Ocean 551.461 42 N mineralogy 549.62 East Siberian Sea (Russia) 551.461 325 Dunes 551.375 Eastern Mediterranean Sea 551.461 384 see also Sand dunes Echoes Dust physics 534.204 meteorology 551.511 3 Eclipses 523.99 Dust storms 551.559 moon 523.38 see also Disasters sun 523.78 I Dusty plasmas 530.44 Eclipsing binaries 523.844 4 Dyes Economic geology 553 chemistry 547.86 Eddies Dynamic oceanography 551.462 oceanography 551.462 Dynamics 531.11 Einsteinium 546.449 air 533.62 see also Chemicals atmosphere 551.515 Elastic constants 531.381 fluids 532.05 Elastic deformation 531.382 gases 533.2 see also Elasticity liquids 532.5 Elastic limit 531.382 particles 531.163 Elasticity 531.382 physics 531.11 crystals 548.842 solids 531.3 fluid mechanics 532.053 5 Dysprosium gas mechanics 533.28 chemistry 546.417 liquid mechanics 532.58 N economic geology 553.494 7 solid mechanics 531.382 Elastomers E chemistry 547.842 Electrets 537.24 E = mc2 530.11 Electric arcs 537.52 NE layers (Ionosphere) 538.767 3 Electric charge 537.21 E region (Ionosphere) 538.767 3 Electric conductivity 537.62 Earth 550 Electric conductors 537.62 astronomy 525 Electric currents geologic history 551.7 physics 537.6 gravity 531.14 Electric potential 537.21 internal structure 551.1 Electric resistance 537.62 NEarth-atmosphere interactions Electrical properties 551.523 crystals 548.85 Earth currents (Geomagnetism) 538.748
125 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Electricity Electrons 539.721 12 astrophysics 523.018 7 I Backscattering 539.758 meteorology 551.563 I Inelastic scattering 539.758 physics 537 Electrophoresis 541.372 N experiments 537.078 analytical chemistry 543.4 Electrocapillarity 537.24 I Electrostatic adhesion 541.33 Electrochemical analysis 543.4 Electrostatics 537.2 Electrochemistry 541.37 Electrostriction 537.24 E organic chemistry 547.137 Elements (Chemicals) 546 NElectrodeposition analysis 543.4 chemistry 546 Electrodes 541.372 4 mineralogy 549.2 chemistry 541.372 4 Elevations (Physiography) 551.43 Electrodialysis 541.372 see also Mountains Electrodynamics 537.6 Emeralds 553.86 Electroluminescence 535.357 economic geology 553.86 Electrolyte conductivity 541.372 NEmery 553.65 Electrolytic analysis 543.4 Emission (Physics) Electrolytic dissociation 541.372 2 solid-state physics 530.416 Electrolytic solutions 541.372 Emission of light 535.3 E organic chemistry 547.137 2 Emulsions 541.345 14 Electromagnetic fields 530.141 Enargite effects in semiconductors 537.622 6 N mineralogy 549.35 Electromagnetic interaction 539.754 6 End of universe 523.19 Electromagnetic radiation 539.2 ENDOR (Physics) 538.362 Electromagnetic spectrum 539.2 Endothermic reactions 541.362 Electromagnetic theory 530.141 Energy Electromagnetic theory of classical physics 531.6 light 535.14 physics 530 Electromagnetic wave theory quantum mechanics 530.12 of matter 530.141 I Energy bands 537.622 Electromagnetic waves 539.2 Energy budget (Nature) Electromagnetism 537 meteorology 551.525 astrophysics 523.018 I Energy conversion 531.68 N experiments 537.078 Energy flow (Nature) Electron arrangement meteorology 551.525 crystallography 548.81 Energy levels (Nuclear solid-state physics 530.411 physics) 539.725 Electron-nuclear double Energy phenomena resonance 538.362 solid-state physics 530.416 Electron optics see Manual at 530.416 vs. 539.75 physics 537.56 Energy resources Electron paramagnetic economic geology 553.2 resonance 538.364 English Channel 551.461 336 Electron paramagnetic English system (Measurement) resonance spectroscopy 543.67 530.813 Electron spectroscopy 543.62 Entropy 536.73 Electron spin resonance 538.364 I Environmental geomorphology Electron spin resonance 551.41 spectroscopy 543.67 Eocene epoch 551.784 I Electron temperature 530.442 geology 551.784 Electronic properties Epeirogeny 551.8 crystals 548.85 Ephemerides 528 Electronics Epidote physics 537.5 mineralogy 549.63
126 RelativeiIndex ____ EPR (Magnetic resonance) 538.364 I Exergy 531.68 Epsomite I 536.71 N mineralogy 549.755 Exogenous processes (Geology) Equal-area projections 551.3 maps 526.85 Exothermic reactions 541.362 Equation of time 529.1 Expanding universe theories 523.18 I Equator 526.6 Expansion (Effect of heat) 536.41 E 526.6 I Expansion of vapors 533.28 NEquatorial telescopes 522.2 I 536.412 Equilibrium Exploding wire phenomena 537.5 astronomy 521 Explorations Equivalent projections N oceanography 551.460 723 maps 526.85 Explosion 541.361 Erbium chemistry 541.361 chemistry 546.418 Extrameridional instruments 522.2 N economic geology 553.494 7 Extrasolar planets 523.24 Erosion 551.302 I 523.24 by glaciers 551.313 Extrasolar systems 523.24 by water 551.352 Extraterrestrial worlds by wind 551.372 earth sciences 559.9 geology 551.302 see Manual at 523 vs. 550 see Manual at 551.302–.307 vs. E mineralogy 549.999 551.35 see Manual at 520 vs. 500.5, 523.1, Eruptive variables 523.844 6 530.1, 919.9 Erythrite Extrinsic variables (Stars) 523.844 4 N mineralogy 549.72 ESR (Magnetic resonance) 538.364 F Essential oils chemistry 547.71 NF layers (Ionosphere) 538.767 4 Esterification 547.27 F region (Ionosphere) 538.767 4 Esters 547.038 Faculae 523.74 aromatic chemistry 547.638 Falling bodies 531.14 Estuaries 551.461 8 solid mechanics 531.5 Ethers 547.035 Fats aromatic chemistry 547.635 chemistry 547.77 I Ethnoastronomy 520.89 I Fault zones 551.22 E 520.89 I 551.872 European Arctic seawaters 551.461 324 Faults (Geology) 551.872 Europium Feldspar chemistry 546.415 mineralogy 549.68 N economic geology 553.494 3 Felsite 552.22 Evaporation 536.44 I Femtochemistry 541.39 meteorology 551.572 Fermentation 547.29 Evapotranspiration Fermions 539.721 meteorology 551.572 Fermium 546.449 I Event stratigraphy 551.7 see also Chemicals Evolution of stars 523.88 Ferrimagnetism 538.45 I Evorsion 551.352 Ferroalloying metals Excitation economic geology 553.46 solid-state physics 530.416 Ferroelectricity 537.244 8 Excited states Ferromagnetism 538.44 solid-state physics 530.416 Few-bodies problem 530.14 Excitons Field effects solid-state physics 530.416 solid-state physics 530.416
127 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Field theory (Physics) 530.14 Fluorite Fiji Sea 551.461 477 mineralogy 549.4 Filters I Fluoropolymers 547.84 chemistry 542.6 Fluorspar Finland, Gulf of 551.461 334 mineralogy 549.4 Fire clays 553.67 Foams 541.345 14 economic geology 553.67 Foehns (Winds) 551.518 5 Fireclays 553.67 Fog 541.345 15 economic geology 553.67 colloid chemistry 541.345 15 Firth of Clyde (Scotland) 551.461 337 meteorology 551.575 Firth of Forth (Scotland) 551.461 336 Folds (Geology) 551.875 Fission (Nuclear) 539.762 I Foothills 551.436 Fissionable materials Force and energy 531.6 economic geology 553.493 Forces (Mechanics) 531.113 Fjords 551.461 8 Forecasting Flagstones 553.53 weather 551.63 economic geology 553.53 Formosa Strait 551.461 457 Flame 541.361 I Formylation 547.2 N chemistry 541.361 Forth, Firth of (Scotland) 551.461 336 Flame emission spectroscopy 543.52 Fossil fuels 553.2 Flare stars 523.844 6 chemistry 547.82 Flexible polymers economic geology 553.2 chemistry 547.843 Fossil gums 553.29 Flint 553.65 Fossil resins 553.29 Floating 532.25 Foucault’s pendulum 525.36 NFloating bodies 532.25 Fourth dimension 530.11 I Flood basalts 552.26 Fracture Floodplains 551.442 crystals 548.842 geomorphology 551.442 mineralogy 549.121 Floods Francium hydrology 551.489 chemistry 546.386 Flores Sea (Indonesia) 551.461 474 Franklinite Florida, Straits of 551.461 363 N mineralogy 549.526 Flow Frazil ice 551.344 air mechanics 533.62 Free radicals (Chemicals) 541.224 fluid mechanics 532.051 I Freezes (Meteorology) 551.525 3 gas mechanics 533.21 Freezing 536.42 liquid mechanics 532.51 NFrequency of sound 534.3 Fluid mechanics 532 Fresh water 553.7 Fluid phases economic geology 553.7 fluid-state physics 530.424 hydrology 551.48 Fluid-state physics 530.42 Freshwater hydrology 551.48 Fluids Freshwater lagoons 551.482 heat transfer 536.25 Friction 531.113 4 state of matter 530.42 fluid mechanics 532.053 3 Fluorescence 535.352 gas mechanics 533.28 mineralogy 549.125 liquid mechanics 532.58 Fluorescence spectroscopy 543.56 solid mechanics 531.4 Fluorine 553.95 Fronts (Meteorology) 551.551 2 chemistry 546.731 economic geology 553.95 organic chemistry 547.02 see also Chemicals
128 RelativeiIndex ____ Frost 551.38 Gamma-ray electronics 537.535 cold spell 551.525 3 Gamma-ray spectroscopy 543.6 weather forecasting 551.642 53 analytical chemistry 543.6 weather modification 551.682 53 physics 537.535 2 geologic agent 551.38 Gamma rays 539.722 2 hydrometeorology 551.574 4 physics 539.722 2 Froths 541.345 14 I Gammasphere 539.77 I Frozen liquids 536.42 I Ganymede (Satellite) 523.985 I Thermal properties 536.42 Garnets 553.87 Frozen seawater mineralogy 549.62 geology 551.343 see also Semiprecious stones Fuels Garnierite P economic geology 553.2 N mineralogy 549.67 Fuller’s earth 553.61 Gas appliances economic geology 553.61 chemistry 542.7 Fumaroles 551.23 Gas chromatography 543.85 Fundamental interactions Gas dynamics 533.2 (Nuclear physics) 539.754 Gas equipment Fundamental particles 539.72 chemistry 542.7 Fundy, Bay of 551.461 345 I Gas-liquid interfaces 530.427 Furans 547.592 Gas mechanics 533 Fused aromatic compounds 547.615 Gaseous-state physics 530.43 Fused heterocyclic compounds Gases 547.596 E analytical chemistry 543 Fusibility N chemistry 541.042 3 crystals 548.86 expansion and contraction 536.412 Fusion (Melting) 536.42 heat transfer 536.25 Fusion (Thermonuclear) 539.764 pneumatics 533 sound transmission 534.24 G specific heat 536.65 state of matter 530.43 Gabbro 552.3 Gases (Fuels) Gadolinium natural 553.285 chemistry 546.416 see also Natural gas N economic geology 553.494 7 Gases in atmosphere 551.511 2 Gage fields Gauge fields N physics 530.143 5 physics 530.143 5 Gahnite Gegenschein 523.59 N mineralogy 549.526 Geiger-Müller counters I Galactic dynamics 523.112 nuclear physics 539.774 Galaxies 523.112 Gels 541.345 13 see Manual at 520 vs. 523.1, Gems 553.8 523.112, 523.8 economic geology 553.8 Galena NGemstones 553.8 mineralogy 549.32 N see also Gems I Galilean satellites 523.985 Generation of sound Gallium physics 534.1 chemistry 546.675 NGeoanticlines 551.86 N economic geology 553.499 Geochemistry 551.9 Gamma decay 539.752 4 Geodesists 526.109 2 Gamma particles 539.722 2 Geodesy 526.1 physics 539.722 2 Geodetic astronomy 526.6 Gamma-ray astronomy 522.686 2 I Gamma ray detectors 539.77
129 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Geodetic coordinates 526.6 Glauberite N celestial navigation 527 N mineralogy 549.752 spherical astronomy 522.7 Glauconite NGeodetic refraction 526.38 mineralogy 549.67 Geodetic surveying 526.3 Glaze (Meteorology) 551.574 4 Geographic positions I Global Climate Observing geodetic astronomy 526.64 System 551.607 2 Geologic time 551.701 Global temperature changes Geological age measurements 551.701 N weather forecasting 551.642 5 Geological ages 551.7 Globular clusters 523.855 Geological surveys Gneiss 552.4 specific areas 554–559 Goethite Geologists 551.092 mineralogy 549.525 Geology 551 Gold specific areas 554–559 chemistry 546.656 N United States 557.3 economic geology 553.41 Geomagnetic reversals 538.727 Gorges 551.442 Geomagnetism 538.7 geomorphology 551.442 I Geomatic files 526 NGrabens 551.872 I Geomatics 526 Grand Banks of Newfoundland I Geometric quantum phases 551.461 344 530.12 Grand unified theory 530.142 Geometrical crystallography 548.81 Granite 553.52 Geometrical optics 535.32 economic geology 553.52 I Geomorphological tracers 551.410 284 petrology 552.3 E 551.410 284 Graphic statics Geomorphologists 551.410 92 mechanics 531.12 Geomorphology 551.41 solids 531.2 Geophysics 550 Graphite 553.26 see Manual at 550 vs. 910 economic geology 553.26 Georgia, Strait of (B.C.) 551.461 433 mineralogy 549.27 NGeosynclines 551.86 NGraphitic anthracite coal 553.25 Geotectonics 551.8 N see also Anthracite coal Germanium Grasslands chemistry 546.684 geomorphology 551.453 N economic geology 553.499 Graupel 551.578 7 Geysers 551.23 Gravel 553.626 Giant stars 523.88 economic geology 553.626 Gibbs’ phase rule Gravimetric analysis 543.2 thermochemistry 541.363 Gravitation 531.14 Gibraltar, Strait of 551.461 381 see also Gravity Glacial action 551.313 Gravitational interaction 539.754 Glacial drift (Geologic Gravity 531.14 landforms) 551.315 celestial mechanics 521.1 Glacial drift (Geologic mechanics 531.14 material) 551.314 solid mechanics 531.5 I Glacial isostasy 551.313 Gravity determinations Glaciers 551.312 geodesy 526.7 I Glaciologists 551.310 92 P Gravity waves 551.515 E 551.310 92 Great Australian Bight (W.A. Glaciology 551.31 and S. Aust.) 551.461 576 Glass sand 553.622 Great Belt (Denmark) 551.461 334 N economic geology 553.622
130 RelativeiIndex ____ Greenhouse effect Gulf of Oman 551.461 536 meteorology 551.525 3 Gulf of Panama (Panama) 551.461 41 weather forecasting 551.642 5 Gulf of Paria (Venezuela and Greenland Sea 551.461 324 Trinidad and Tobago) 551.461 366 Greenockite Gulf of Riga (Latvia and N mineralogy 549.32 Estonia) 551.461 334 Greensands Gulf of Saint Lawrence 551.461 344 petrology 552.5 Gulf of Siam 551.461 472 Gregorian calendar 529.43 Gulf of Suez 551.461 533 Grottoes 551.447 Gulf of Taranto (Italy) 551.461 386 see also Caves Gulf of Tehuantepec (Mexico) Ground photogrammetry 526.982 5 551.461 41 Ground surveying 526.9 Gulf of Thailand 551.461 472 Groundwater 553.79 Gulf of Urabá (Colombia) 551.461 365 economic geology 553.79 Gulf of Venice (Italy) 551.461 385 hydrology 551.49 Gulf Stream 551.462 131 I Groundwater mounding 551.492 Gums (Substances) Group 1 elements 546.38 chemistry 547.78 Group 2 elements 546.39 fossil 553.29 Group 3 elements 546.4 NGutenberg discontinuity 551.11 Group 4 elements 546.51 Gypsum 553.635 Group 5 elements 546.52 economic geology 553.635 Group 6 elements 546.53 mineralogy 549.755 Group 7 elements 546.54 petrology 552.5 Group 8 elements 546.62 Gyrodynamics 531.34 Group 9 elements 546.62 Group 10 elements 546.62 H Group 11 elements 546.65 Group 12 elements 546.66 NH I regions 523.113 5 Group 13 elements 546.67 NH II regions 523.113 5 I 546.67 I Hadron beams 539.758 Group 14 elements 546.68 Hadrons 539.721 6 Group 15 elements 546.71 Hafnium Group 16 elements 546.72 chemistry 546.514 Group 17 elements 546.73 N economic geology 553.499 Group 18 elements 546.75 Hahnium Growlers (Ice formations) 551.342 chemistry 546.52 Guayaquil, Gulf of 551.461 41 Hail 551.578 7 Guinea, Gulf of 551.461 373 weather forecasting 551.647 87 Gulches 551.442 N weather modification 551.687 87 geomorphology 551.442 Hailstones 551.578 7 Gulf of Aden 551.461 532 Hailstorms 551.554 Gulf of Alaska (Alaska) 551.461 434 see also Disasters Gulf of Aqaba 551.461 533 I Hale-Bopp comet 523.64 Gulf of Bothnia 551.461 334 Half-life (Nuclear physics) 539.752 Gulf of California (Mexico) 551.461 41 Halides Gulf of Darien (Colombia) 551.461 365 mineralogy 549.4 Gulf of Finland 551.461 334 Halite 553.632 Gulf of Guayaquil 551.461 41 mineralogy 549.4 Gulf of Guinea 551.461 373 see also Salt (Sodium chloride) Gulf of Honduras 551.461 365 Hall effects in Gulf of Lions (France) 551.461 382 semiconductors 537.622 6 Gulf of Martaban (Burma) 551.461 565 Halley’s comet 523.642 Gulf of Mexico 551.461 364
131 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Halocarbons 547.02 Helium 553.971 see also Organohalogen compounds chemistry 546.751 Halogenated compounds economic geology 553.971 aromatic chemistry 547.62 see also Chemicals organic chemistry 547.02 I Helvite 549.68 Halogenation 547.27 E mineralogy 549.68 Halogens Hematite chemistry 546.73 mineralogy 549.523 organic chemistry 547.02 Hemimorphite Halos N mineralogy 549.63 N meteorology 551.567 I Herbig Ae/Be stars 523.88 NHard coal 553.25 Hetero nitrogen compounds 547.593 N see also Anthracite coal Hetero oxygen compounds 547.592 Hardness Hetero sulfur compounds 547.594 crystals 548.842 Heterocyclic compounds 547.59 mineralogy 549.121 NHeterogeneous reactions 541.39 Heat 536 N organic chemistry 547.2 astrophysics 523.013 E High density plasma 530.443 effect on matter 536.4 High-energy physics 539.76 physics 536 High polymers Heat absorption 536.3 chemistry 547.84 Heat capacity 536.6 High seas 551.46 Heat conduction 536.23 see also Oceans Heat conduction in fluids 536.25 High temperatures 536.57 Heat convection 536.25 chemistry 541.368 7 Heat of fusion 536.42 physics 536.57 Heat of vaporization 536.44 I High-velocity clouds Heat radiation 536.3 (Astrophysics) 523.112 5 E Heat reflection 536.3 High-voltage accelerators 539.732 E Heat refraction 536.3 I High-density plasmas 530.443 Heat scattering 536.3 NHighs (Meteorology) 551.551 4 Heat transfer 536.2 Hills 551.436 physics 536.2 see also Mountains Heating Hindu calendar 529.324 5 chemistry 542.4 Historical geology 551.7 Heavenly bodies 520 see Manual at 551.7 vs. 560 Heavy ions 539.723 4 Hoarfrost 551.574 4 I Heavy leptons (Nuclear Holmium physics) 539.721 1 chemistry 546.417 I Heavy oil 553.282 N economic geology 553.494 7 Heavy spar 553.662 Holocene epoch 551.793 Heavy water geology 551.793 chemistry 546.22 NHomogeneous reactions 541.39 Hecate Strait (B.C.) 551.461 433 N organic chemistry 547.2 Heisenberg representation 530.122 Honduras, Gulf of 551.461 365 Heliographs I Hoodoos (Geomorphology) N astronomy 523.702 84 551.43 I Helioseismology 523.7 Hooke’s law 531.382 I Heliosphere (Astrophysics) 523.58 Hormones I Heliosphere (Ionosphere) 538.767 4 chemistry 547.7 Heliostats Hormuz, Strait of 551.461 535 N astronomy 523.702 84 Horology 529.7 NHorse latitudes 551.518 3 Hot springs 551.23
132 RelativeiIndex ____ Hudson Bay 551.461 327 Hypersonic flow 533.276 Humboldt Current 551.462 141 air mechanics 533.62 Humidity E Hypervalence (Chemistry) 541.224 meteorology 551.571 E organic chemistry 547.122 4 Hurricanes 551.552 I Hypervalence (Theoretical meteorology 551.552 chemistry) 547.122 4 weather forecasting 551.645 2 Hysteresis (Magnetism) 538.3 weather modification 551.685 2 see also Disasters I Hydraulics 532 physics 532 Ice 551.31 I Hydrocarbon reservoirs 553.28 economic geology 553.7 Hydrocarbons 547.01 geology 551.31 alicyclic chemistry 547.51 mineralogy 549.522 aliphatic chemistry 547.41 E to 4000 B.C. 551.310 901 2 aromatic chemistry 547.61 Ice age 551.792 Hydrodynamics 532.5 geology 551.792 I Hydroformylation 547.2 I Ice fields 551.31 Hydrogen 553.92 NIce nuclei 551.578 chemistry 546.2 Ice storms 551.556 economic geology 553.92 Icebergs 551.342 organic chemistry 547 Idocrase see also Chemicals N mineralogy 549.63 Hydrogen-ion concentration 541.372 8 Igneous rocks 552.1 Hydrogenation 547.23 Ignition 541.361 NHydrographers 551.460 92 chemistry 541.361 Hydrographic surveying 526.99 Ilmenite Hydrography 551.46 mineralogy 549.523 Hydrological cycle 551.48 Imidazoles 547.593 Hydrology (Fresh waters) 551.48 Imperial system (Measurement) E Mars 551.480 999 23 530.813 Hydrolysis 541.39 Inaudible sound 534.5 organic chemistry 547.2 NIncandescence 536.4 Hydromechanics 532 Indian Ocean 551.461 5 physics 532 Indium Hydrometeorology 551.57 chemistry 546.677 Hydroquinones 547.633 economic geology 553.499 Hydrosols 541.345 14 Induced radioactivity Hydrosphere 551.46 N physics 539.753 Hydrostatics 532.2 Induction accelerators 539.734 Hydrosulfides 547.063 I Inductively coupled plasma NHydrosulfites 547.063 mass spectrometry 543.65 Hydrous sulfates Industrial diamonds 553.65 mineralogy 549.755 economic geology 553.65 Hydroxides see also Diamonds mineralogy 549.53 Industrial minerals 553.6 E Hydroxy acids 547.037 N economic geology 553.6 I 547.037 I Inelastic scattering 539.758 Hydroxy compounds 547.03 Inert gases N alicyclic chemistry 547.53 chemistry 546.75 aliphatic chemistry 547.43 economic geology 553.97 aromatic chemistry 547.63 I Hypergenesis (Geology) 551.302 Hyperons 539.721 64
133 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Inertia 531.12 Iodine 553.6 fluids 532.02 chemistry 546.734 gases 533.12 economic geology 553.6 liquids 532.2 N mineralogy 549.27 N solids 531.2 organic chemistry 547.02 Infrared astronomy 522.683 see also Chemicals I Infrared cirrus (Astronomy) 523.113 5 NIodometry 543.24 Infrared radiation 535.012 Ion exchange 541.372 3 chemical effect 541.353 2 Ion-exchange chromatography physics 535.012 543.82 Infrared spectroscopy 543.57 Ion implantation analytical chemistry 543.57 solid-state physics 530.416 physics 535.842 Ion optics Inland Sea (Japan) 551.461 455 physics 537.56 Inland seas 551.482 9 I Ion-molecule collisions 539.6 Inland waterways Ionian Sea 551.461 386 hydrology 551.48 Ionic equilibriums 541.372 3 I Inliers (Geology) 551.8 Ionization 530.444 Inorganic chemistry 546 chemistry 541.372 2 see Manual at 541 vs. 546 meteorology 551.561 see Manual at 549 vs. 546 plasma physics 530.444 Inosilicates Ionization chambers mineralogy 549.66 nuclear physics 539.772 Inside Passage 551.461 433 Ionization of gases 530.444 Instabilities in electronic physics 537.532 semiconductors 537.622 6 Ionized gases 530.44 Instrumentation Ionizing radiation 539.722 analytical chemistry 543.19 Ionosphere 538.767 physics 530.7 meteorology 551.514 5 weather reporting 551.635 E equipment 551.514 502 84 Intensity of light 535.22 Ions E astrophysics 523.015 22 electrochemistry 541.372 NIntensity of sound 534.3 Iridium Interfaces (Chemistry) 541.33 chemistry 546.643 Interference of light 535.47 N economic geology 553.495 Interferometry 535.470 287 Irish Sea 551.461 337 analytical chemistry 543.59 Iron Intergalactic matter 523.112 5 chemistry 546.621 Interior of earth 551.11 economic geology 553.3 Intermolecular forces organic chemistry 547.056 21 chemistry 541.226 Iron alloys E organic chemistry 547.122 6 E chemistry 546.621 3 E organometallic compounds Irreversible reactions 547.050 442 6 N chemistry 541.39 Internal friction N organic chemistry 547.2 solid-state physics 530.416 I Isentropic expansion 536.41 I Interplanetary dust 523.5 Islamic calendar 529.327 Interplanetary matter 523.5 Islands 551.42 Interstellar matter 523.112 5 geomorphology 551.42 Milky Way 523.113 5 Isomers 547.122 52 Intrinsic variables (Stars) 523.844 2 inorganic chemistry 541.225 2 Intrusions (Geology) 551.88 organic chemistry 547.122 52 Isomorphism crystallography 548.3
134 RelativeiIndex ____ Isonitriles 547.044 Ketones 547.036 Isotope structure 539.74 aromatic chemistry 547.636 Isotopes I Kettle holes 551.315 radiochemistry 541.388 Kettles (Geologic landforms) 551.315 Kinematics 531.112 J fluids 532.05 gases 533.2 Jade 553.876 liquid mechanics 532.5 economic geology 553.876 meteorology 551.515 1 Jadite 553.876 solids 531.3 see also Jade Kinetic energy 531.6 Jahn-Teller effect (Physics) 530.416 Kinetic theories Jamesonite (Statistical mechanics) 530.136 N mineralogy 549.35 Kinetic theory of gases 533.7 Japan, Sea of 551.461 454 Kinetics 531.113 Japan Current 551.462 145 fluids 532.05 Japanese calendar 529.329 56 gases 533.2 Java Sea 551.461 474 liquid mechanics 532.5 Jet (Precious stone) 553.87 physical chemistry 541.394 see also Semiprecious stones solids 531.3 Jet streams (Meteorology) 551.518 3 Korea Strait 551.461 454 Jewish calendar 529.326 Krypton Joints (Geology) 551.84 chemistry 546.754 Josephson effect (Physics) 530.416 N economic geology 553.97 Joule’s law 536.71 I Kuiper Belt 523.48 Juan de Fuca Strait (B.C. Kyanite and Washington) 551.461 432 mineralogy 549.62 Julian calendar 529.42 Jupiter (Planet) 523.45 L E satellites 523.985 Jurassic period 551.766 I La NiÔa Current 551.462 141 geology 551.766 I 551.6 La Perouse Strait 551.461 453 K Laboratories chemistry 542.1 K-mesons 539.721 62 Labrador Current 551.462 134 Kames 551.315 Labrador Sea 551.461 343 Kaolin 553.61 Laccadive Sea 551.461 537 economic geology 553.61 Laccoliths 551.88 Kaolinite Lagoons 551.461 8 mineralogy 549.67 freshwater hydrology 551.482 Kaons 539.721 62 oceanography 551.461 8 Kara Sea 551.461 325 E Lake effect (Meterology) 551.524 8 NKarimata Strait (Indonesia) 551.461 472 Lake ice 551.345 I Karren 551.447 Lakes 551.482 Karsts 551.447 hydrology 551.482 see also Caves influence on precipitation 551.577 5 Kattegat (Denmark and Sweden) interactions with atmosphere 551.461 334 551.524 8 Kennelly-Heaviside layers 538.767 3 I Laminar boundary layer 532.052 5 Kepler’s laws 521.3 Laminar flow 532.052 5 Kernite air mechanics 533.62 N mineralogy 549.735 gas mechanics 533.215 liquid mechanics 532.515
135 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Land-atmosphere interactions 551.523 Light 535 microclimatology 551.66 astrophysics 523.015 Land breezes 551.518 5 chemical effect 541.353 3 Land surveys N experiments 535.078 technology 526.9 meteorology 551.565 Landforms 551.41 physics 535 geomorphology 551.41 Light absorption 535.326 Landslides 551.307 meteorology 551.566 Lanthanide series Light metals chemistry 546.41 economic geology 553.492 economic geology 553.494 I Light pollution 522 Lanthanum NLight spectroscopy 543.5 chemistry 546.411 N analytical chemistry 543.5 N economic geology 553.494 3 physics 535.843 Laptev Sea (Russia) 551.461 325 Lightning 551.563 2 Latent heat 536.4 Lignite 553.22 evaporation and condensation economic geology 553.22 536.44 Ligurian Sea 551.461 382 fusion and solidification 536.42 Lille Bëìaelt (Denmark) 551.461 334 thermochemistry 541.362 Lime 553.68 Latexes economic geology 553.68 chemistry 547.842 5 Limestone 553.516 Lathers 541.345 14 economic geology 553.516 colloid chemistry 541.345 14 petrology 552.58 Latitude 526.61 Limnology 551.48 celestial navigation 527.1 Limonite Lattice dynamics N mineralogy 549.53 solid-state physics 530.411 Lincoln Sea 551.461 327 Lattices (Crystals) 548.81 Linear accelerators 539.733 I Laurentia (Geology) 551.715 Lions, Gulf of (France) 551.461 382 Lava 552.22 Lipids Law of falling bodies 531.5 chemistry 547.77 E Law of mass action Liquefaction of gases (Chemistry) 541.392 heat physics 536.44 Lawrencium 546.449 NLiquid bitumens 553.282 see also Chemicals Liquid chromatography 543.84 Laws of thermodynamics 536.71 I Liquid crystal films 530.429 Lawsonite Liquid crystals 530.429 N mineralogy 549.63 Liquid-drop model (Nuclear Lazulite physics) 539.742 N mineralogy 549.72 Liquid dynamics 532.5 Lazurite Liquid-gas interface 530.427 N mineralogy 549.68 Liquid-in-glass thermometry 536.51 NLe Chatelier’s principle 541.392 E Liquid-liquid interfaces 530.427 Lead I 530.427 chemistry 546.688 I 541.33 economic geology 553.44 E chemistry 541.33 Leptons 539.721 1 E physics 530.427 Leucite Liquid mechanics 532 mineralogy 549.68 physics 532 Leveling (Surveying) 526.36 Liquid phases NLibrations of moon 523.33 liquid-state physics 530.424 Liesegang rings 541.348 5 Liquid polymers Ligands 541.224 2 liquid-state physics 530.429
136 RelativeiIndex ____ I Liquid sheets 532.5 Lutetium NLiquid-state chemistry 541.042 2 chemistry 546.419 Liquid-state physics 530.42 N economic geology 553.494 7 Liquid statics 532.2 Luzon Strait (Philippines) 551.461 458 Liquids NLye 546.383 22 N chemistry 541.042 2 expansion and contraction 536.413 M heat transfer 536.25 sound transmission 534.23 I Machairs 551.457 specific heat 536.63 Macromolecules state of matter 530.42 chemistry 547.7 Lithium Magellan, Strait of (Chile chemistry 546.381 and Argentina) 551.461 74 economic geology 553.499 Magma 551.13 E Lithium compounds 546.381 2 Magnesite I 546.381 2 mineralogy 549.782 Lithology 552 Magnesium Lithosphere 551 chemistry 546.392 Little Belt (Denmark) 551.461 334 economic geology 553.492 9 I Local Group (Astronomy) 523.112 organic chemistry 547.053 92 Local wind systems 551.518 5 I Magnetic couplings 538.3 Lodes 553.19 Magnetic currents (Earth) 538.748 N economic geology 553.19 Magnetic fields (Earth) 538.7 Long Island Sound (N.Y. and NMagnetic flux 538.3 Conn.) 551.461 346 Magnetic induction 538.4 Long-period variable stars 523.844 26 NMagnetic moment 538.3 Long-range weather Magnetic observations (Earth) forecasting 551.636 5 538.79 Long-wave electronics NMagnetic permeability 538.3 physics 537.534 2 Magnetic phenomena 538.3 Longitude 526.62 Magnetic properties 538.3 celestial navigation 527.2 crystals 548.85 I Low mass stars 523.8 Magnetic relaxation 538.3 Low temperatures 536.56 Magnetic resonance 538.36 chemistry 541.368 6 Magnetic storms (Earth) 538.744 physics 536.56 Magnetic substances 538.4 NLower Carboniferous period 551.751 Magnetic surveys (Earth) 538.78 N geology 551.751 NMagnetic susceptibility 538.3 NLower Precambrian era 551.712 Magnetic variations N geology 551.712 (Geomagnetism) 538.74 NLower Silurian epoch Magnetism 538 (Ordovician period) 551.731 astrophysics 523.018 8 N geology 551.731 physics 538 NLows (Meteorology) 551.551 3 Magnetite Luminescence 535.35 mineralogy 549.526 mineralogy 549.125 NMagnetization 538.3 I Luminescence dating 551.701 Magnetochemistry 541.378 Luminescence spectroscopy 543.56 Magnetohydrodynamics 538.6 I Luminosity distance 523.82 Magnetosphere 538.766 I Lunar terminator 523.32 meteorology 551.514 Lutecium Magnetostriction 538.3 N chemistry 546.419 Magnets 538.4 natural 538.4 Main-sequence stars 523.88
137 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Maine, Gulf of 551.461 345 Mars (Planet) Makasar Strait 551.461 473 I Atmospheric density 551.5 Malacca, Strait of 551.461 565 I Crust 551.130 999 23 Malachite E earth sciences 559.923 mineralogy 549.785 E gravity 523.431 Malay Archipelago inner seas 551.461 473 I Gravity 523.431 Manche 551.461 336 I Ionosphere 538.767 099 923 Mandab, Strait of 551.461 532 E ionosphere 538.767 099 923 Mandeb, Bab el 551.461 532 I Ionosphere 551.514 509 992 3 Manganese ionosphere chemistry 546.541 E meteorology 551.514 509 992 3 economic geology 553.462 9 I Lava flows 551.210 999 23 organic chemistry 547.055 41 I Water 551.480 999 23 Manganese group I Mars surface samples 559.923 chemistry 546.54 Marshes 551.417 I Manganese group compounds see also Wetlands 546.54 Martaban, Gulf of (Burma) 551.461 565 I Manganite 553.462 9 I Martian meteorites 523.510 999 23 N mineralogy 549.53 Mass (Substance) 531.14 NMannar, Gulf of 551.461 537 air mechanics 533.6 Mantle of earth 551.116 N fluid mechanics 532 Many-bodies problem 530.144 gas mechanics 533.15 E approximation 530.144 015 114 liquid mechanics 532.4 astronomy 521 solid mechanics 531.5 Many-body problem Mass-energy equivalence 530.11 I Approximation methods 530.144 015 114 Mass movement (Geology) 551.307 Map drawing 526 Mass spectrometry 543.65 Map makers 526.092 analytical chemistry 543.65 Map making 526 physics 539.602 87 Map projections 526.8 Mass spectroscopy 543.65 Maps analytical chemistry 543.65 cartography 526 physics 539.602 87 Maracaibo, Gulf of (Colombia Mass transfer 530.475 and Venezuela) 551.461 365 gaseous-state physics 530.435 I Marangoni effect 536.25 liquid-state physics 530.425 Marble 553.512 physics 530.475 economic geology 553.512 semiconductors 537.622 5 petrology 552.4 solid-state physics 530.415 E Marine chemistry 551.466 Mass transport (Physics) 530.475 Marine geology 551.468 see also Mass transfer Marine science 551.46 Mass wasting (Geology) 551.307 see also Oceans Massachusetts Bay (Mass.) 551.461 345 NMarine scientists 551.460 92 Mathematical crystallography 548.7 Marine waters 551.46 Mathematical geography 526 see also Oceans Mathematical physics 530.15 Marl 553.68 I Matrix-assisted laser Marmara, Sea of (Turkey) 551.461 389 desorption-ionization 543.65 Matrix mechanics 530.122 Matter 530 physics 530 structure 539.1 Matter at high temperatures 536.57 Matter at low temperatures 536.56
138 RelativeiIndex ____ NMaxwell equations (Physics) Metallic compounds 546.3 530.141 Metallic solids 530.413 Maxwell’s equations (Physics) Metals 530.141 chemistry 546.3 Maxwell’s thermodynamic economic geology 553.4 formulas 536.71 mineralogy 549.23 Mayan calendar 529.329 784 27 organic chemistry 547.05 I Mean field theory 530.144 N alicyclic 547.55 Measurement 530.8 aliphatic 547.45 chemistry 542.3 E aromatic 547.65 Measurement systems 530.81 Metamorphic rocks 552.4 physics 530.81 Meteor showers 523.53 Measurement theory 530.801 NMeteor streams 523.53 Measures 530.81 NMeteor trails 523.53 see also Weights and measures Meteorite craters 551.397 Measuring instruments E Yucatán (Mexico: State) 551.397 097 265 physics 530.7 Meteorites 523.51 Mechanical forces 530 E Mars (Planet) 523.510 999 23 Mechanics 530 mineralogy 549.112 atmosphere 551.515 petrology 549.112 classical physics 531 Meteoroids 523.51 physics 530 Meteorologists 551.509 2 quantum physics 530.12 Meteorology 551.5 Mechanics of particles see Manual at 551.5 vs. 551.6 classical physics 531.16 Meteors 523.51 Mechanics of points 531.1 Metric system 530.812 Mediterranean Sea 551.461 38 Mexico, Gulf of 551.461 364 I Melt ponds 551.482 Mica 553.674 Melting 536.42 economic geology 553.674 I Meltwater 551.48 mineralogy 549.67 Mendelevium 546.449 Microanalysis (Chemistry) 543.22 see also Chemicals Microchemical analysis 543.22 Mensuration 530.8 Microchemistry 543.22 Mercator projection 526.82 Microclimatology 551.66 Mercury (Element) Micrometeorology 551.66 chemistry 546.663 I Microplates 542.2 economic geology 553.454 Microscopic analysis organic chemistry 547.056 63 chemistry 543.22 Mercury (Planet) 523.41 Microscopic petrology 552.8 I Meridians (Astronomy) 526.6 Microwave electronics I Meridians (Geodesy) 526.6 physics 537.534 4 Meridional instruments 522.2 Microwave spectroscopy 543.6 N astronomy 522.2 analytical chemistry 543.6 I Meridional winds 551.518 3 physics 537.534 4 Mesons 539.721 62 Microwaves 537.534 4 Mesosphere 551.514 Milky Way 523.113 I Mesospheric circulation 551.517 Mineral fertilizers Mesozoic era 551.76 economic geology 553.64 geology 551.76 Mineral pigments 553.662 Messina, Strait of (Italy) 551.461 386 Mineral waters 553.73 E Metal chemistry 546.3 economic geology 553.73 I Metal clusters 539.6 Mineralogists 549.092 I 546.3 I Metal-poor stars 523.86
139 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Mineralogy 549 Monterey Bay (Calif.) 551.461 432 see Manual at 549 vs. 546 Months 529.2 see Manual at 549 vs. 548 Moon 523.3 Minerals 553 E atmosphere 551.509 991 economic geology 553 I Atmosphere 551.509 991 mineralogy 549 Moons 523.98 Miocene epoch 551.787 Moraines (Geologic landforms) geology 551.787 551.315 Mirages 551.565 Moraines (Geologic material) 551.314 I Miskito cosmology 523.108 997 882 NMössbauer spectroscopy 543.6 E 523.108 997 N analytical chemistry 543.6 882 physics 537.535 2 Mississippian period 551.751 Motion geology 551.751 celestial bodies 521 Mist 541.345 15 physics 531.11 colloid chemistry 541.345 15 stars 523.83 meteorology 551.575 Mountain building 551.82 Mixing I Mountain mapping 551.432 oceanography 551.462 I Mountain watersheds 551.48 Modern physics 539 Mountain winds 551.518 5 Modulus of rigidity 531.381 Mountains 551.432 NMohorovicic discontinuity 551.11 geomorphology 551.432 Moisture E Scotland 551.432 094 11 meteorology 551.57 E Scottish Highlands NMolecular bonds 541.224 (Scotland) 551.432 094 115 NMolecular complexes 541.224 2 Moving targets Molecular physics 539.6 physics 531.112 astronomy 523.019 6 Mozambique Channel 551.461 525 NMolecular sieve Mu-mesons 539.721 14 chromatography 543.8 Mud flows 551.307 Molecular spectra 539.6 Multiphase flow Molecular spectroscopy 543.54 liquid mechanics 532.56 Molecular structure 541.22 Multiple stars 523.841 chemistry 541.22 I Multivalent molecules 541.224 physics 539.12 NMumesons 539.721 14 Molecular weights 541.222 I Munros 551.432 094 115 Molecules Muons 539.721 14 chemistry 541.22 physics 539.6 N Molucca Sea 551.461 473 Molybdates I Nanocrystals 548 mineralogy 549.74 Nantucket Sound (Mass.) 551.461 346 Molybdenite Naphthalenes 547.615 mineralogy 549.32 Nappes (Geology) 551.872 Molybdenum Narragansett Bay (R.I.) 551.461 346 chemistry 546.534 Native elements 549.2 economic geology 553.464 6 see also Chemicals organic chemistry 547.055 34 Native metals 549.23 Momentum 531.6 see also Metals Monazite Natural gas 553.285 mineralogy 549.72 economic geology 553.285 Monohydric hydroxy aromatics see also Petroleum 547.632 Natural magnets 538.4 Monsoons 551.518 4 Natural radioactivity 539.752
140 RelativeiIndex ____ Natural stone 553.5 Nitrogen 553.93 see also Stone chemistry 546.711 Nautical almanacs 528 economic geology 553.93 Necks (Geology) 551.88 organic chemistry 547.04 Neocene period 551.786 aliphatic 547.44 geology 551.786 aromatic 547.64 Neodymium see also Chemicals chemistry 546.413 Nitrosation 547.27 N economic geology 553.494 3 Nitroso compounds 547.041 Neogene period 551.786 Nivation 551.38 geology 551.786 NMR (Physics) 538.362 Neon Nobelium 546.449 chemistry 546.752 see also Chemicals N economic geology 553.97 Noble gases NNephelometry 543.55 chemistry 546.75 Nephrite 553.876 economic geology 553.97 see also Jade Nonaqueous solutions 541.342 3 Neptune (Planet) 523.481 Nonaqueous solvents 541.348 2 I Ring system 523.988 1 Noncrystalline solids 530.413 E satellites 523.988 1 Nonferrous metals Neptunium 546.432 economic geology 553.4 see also Chemicals Nonlinear optics 535.2 Nesosilicates Nonmetals mineralogy 549.62 chemistry 546.7 Nets (Surveying) 526.33 mineralogy 549.27 Neutralization (Chemistry) solid-state physics 530.413 N analytical chemistry 543.24 Nonoptical spectroscopy 543.6 Neutrinos 539.721 5 Nonrenewable fuels 553.2 Neutron stars 523.887 4 see also Fossil fuels Neutrons 539.721 3 Norite 552.3 New York Bay (N.Y.) 551.461 346 North Atlantic Ocean 551.461 31 I Newtonian cosmology 523.1 E interactions with atmosphere Niccolite 551.524 631 N mineralogy 549.32 I North Atlantic oscillation 551.524 631 Nickel North Channel (Ireland and chemistry 546.625 Scotland) 551.461 337 economic geology 553.485 North Pacific Ocean 551.461 44 Night skies North Polar Sea 551.461 32 meteorology 551.566 North Sea 551.461 336 Niobium E Northeast Pacific Ocean 551.461 43 chemistry 546.524 Northern lights 538.768 economic geology 553.499 Norton Sound (Alaska) 551.461 434 E Niobium compounds 546.524 2 Norwegian Sea 551.461 324 I 546.524 2 Novas 523.844 6 Niter 553.64 NQR (Physics) 538.362 mineralogy 549.732 Nuclear activation analysis 543.63 Nitrates 553.64 Nuclear activities 539.75 economic geology 553.64 see Manual at 530.416 vs. 539.75 mineralogy 549.732 Nuclear chemistry 541.38 Nitration 547.27 Nuclear energy Nitriles 547.044 physics 539.7 Nitro compounds 547.041 Nuclear fission 539.762 Nuclear fuels P economic geology 553.493
141 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Nuclear fusion 539.764 Oil (Petroleum) 553.282 Nuclear interactions 539.75 economic geology 553.282 see Manual at 530.416 vs. 539.75 see also Petroleum Nuclear magnetic resonance 538.362 Oil sands 553.283 Nuclear magnetic resonance see also Tar sands spectroscopy 543.66 Oil shale 553.283 Nuclear models 539.74 economic geology 553.283 Nuclear physicists 539.709 2 Okhotsk, Sea of 551.461 453 Nuclear physics 539.7 Olefins 547.412 astronomy 523.019 7 Oligocene epoch 551.785 Nuclear quadrupole resonance geology 551.785 538.362 Oman, Gulf of 551.461 536 Nuclear reactions 539.76 Onyx 553.87 Nuclear spectroscopy 543.6 see also Semiprecious stones Nuclear structure 539.74 Onyx marble 553.55 Nuclei as particles 539.723 2 economic geology 553.55 Nucleic acids Oolite 552.58 chemistry 547.7 I Opacity (Optics) 535.3 Nucleons 539.721 2 Opals 553.873 Nuclide structure 539.74 N economic geology 553.873 Nutation mineralogy 549.68 celestial mechanics 521.9 see also Semiprecious stones Open clusters (Stars) 523.852 O Optical binaries 523.841 Optical crystallography 548.9 Observatories I Optical interferometers 522.6 astronomy 522.1 Optical rotation Obsidian 552.22 chemistry 541.7 Occultations 523.99 Optical spectroscopy 543.5 Ocean-atmosphere interactions analytical chemistry 543.5 551.524 6 physics 535.84 Ocean bottom 551.468 Optics 535 see also Ocean floor N experiments 535.078 Ocean circulation 551.462 see also Light Ocean color 551.465 5 Orbitals (Quantum chemistry) 541.28 I 551.465 5 I Orbiting radio astronomy Ocean currents 551.462 observatories 522.682 Ocean floor 551.468 Orbits (Astromechanics) 521.3 oceanography 551.468 astronomy 521.3 Ocean temperatures 551.465 3 comets 523.63 meteorological effect 551.524 6 earth 525.3 Ocean waters 551.46 moon 523.33 see also Oceans Orbits (Nuclear particles) 539.725 Oceanographers 551.460 92 Ordered solids 530.413 NOceanographic geology 551.468 Ordovician period 551.731 Oceanography 551.46 geology 551.731 see also Oceans Ores 553 Oceans 551.46 Oresund (Denmark and Sweden) geologic agent 551.36 551.461 334 influence on precipitation 551.577 5 Organic chemistry 547 interactions with atmosphere analytical chemistry 543.17 551.524 6 Organic compounds 547 physical geology 551.46 Organic geochemistry 553.2 NOchers 553.662
142 RelativeiIndex ____ I Organic reaction mechanisms Oxidation 541.393 547.2 E organic chemistry 547.23 E 547.2 Oxidation-reduction reaction 541.393 Organic solids 530.413 E analytical chemistry 543.24 Organohalogen compounds 547.02 organic chemistry 547.23 alicyclic chemistry 547.52 Oxides aliphatic chemistry 547.42 mineralogy 549.5 Organometallic compounds 547.05 Oxy compounds 547.03 N alicyclic chemistry 547.55 N alicyclic chemistry 547.53 aliphatic chemistry 547.45 aliphatic chemistry 547.43 E aromatic chemistry 547.65 aromatic chemistry 547.63 Organonitrogen compounds 547.04 Oxygen aliphatic chemistry 547.44 chemistry 546.721 aromatic chemistry 547.64 economic geology 553.94 E Organopalladium compounds organic chemistry 547.03 547.056 362 Ozokerite 553.27 I 547.056 362 see also Asphalt Organophosphorus compounds Ozone layer 551.514 2 547.07 Ozone layer depletion aliphatic chemistry 547.47 meteorology 551.514 2 N aromatic chemistry 547.67 Organosilicon compounds 547.08 P aliphatic chemistry 547.48 N aromatic chemistry 547.68 Pacific Ocean 551.461 4 Organosulfur compounds 547.06 Paleocene epoch 551.783 N alicyclic chemistry 547.56 geology 551.783 aliphatic chemistry 547.46 Paleoclimatology 551.609 01 aromatic chemistry 547.66 I Pleistocene 551.609 012 Origin of universe 523.12 I Pliocene 551.609 012 Orogeny 551.82 specific areas 551.69 Orthomorphic projections 526.82 E to 4000 B.C. 551.609 012 Oscillations Paleogene period 551.782 solid-state physics 530.416 geology 551.782 solids 531.32 Paleogeography 551.7 Osmium I Pleistocene 551.792 chemistry 546.641 Paleomagnetism 538.727 N economic geology 553.495 Paleontology * Osmosis 530.425 see Manual at 551.7 vs. 560 physics 530.425 Paleovolcanism 551.210 901 Osmotic pressure 541.341 5 I Paleoweathering 551.302 I Ostwald ripening 548.5 Paleozoic era 551.72 NOtranto, Strait of 551.461 385 geology 551.72 Outcrops (Geology) 551.85 Palladium Outer space 520 chemistry 546.636 astronomy 520 N economic geology 553.495 see Manual at 520 vs. 500.5, 523.1, E Palladium compounds 546.636 2 530.1, 919.9 I 546.636 2 Ovivine Pamlico Sound (N.C.) 551.461 348 N mineralogy 549.62 Panama, Gulf of (Panama) 551.461 41 Oxazines 547.595 Paper chromatography 543.84 Oxazoles 547.592 NPapua, Gulf of (Papua New Oxdiazines 547.595 Guinea) 551.461 476 Oxdiazoles 547.595 Paraffin (Wax) 547.77 Paraffins (Alkanes) 547.411
143 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Parallax Permian period 551.756 stars 523.81 geology 551.756 Parallax corrections 522.9 Perouse Strait 551.461 453 Paramagnetism 538.43 Peroxidation Paria, Gulf of (Venezuela N organic chemistry 547.23 and Trinidad and Tobago) Persian Gulf 551.461 535 551.461 366 NPersonal equation machines 522.5 Particle acceleration 539.73 N corrections 522.9 Particle beams 539.73 Perturbations Particle colliders 539.73 celestial mechanics 521.4 I Particle image velocimetry 532.053 2 Peru Current 551.462 141 Particle mechanics 530.12 Petrogenesis 552.03 classical physics 531.16 Petrography 552 quantum mechanics 530.12 Petroleum 553.28 see Manual at 530.475 vs. 530.12, chemistry 547.83 531.16 economic geology 553.28 Particle physics 539.72 Petroleum geology 553.28 Particle radiation 539.72 E theory 553.280 1 nuclear physics 539.72 Petrologists 552.009 2 Particles (Matter) Petrology 552 classical mechanics 531.16 pH 541.372 8 meteorology 551.511 3 Phanerite 552.3 nuclear physics 539.72 Phanerozoic eon 551.7 NPartition chromatography 543.8 Phase changes 530.474 E Partition coefficient 541.341 3 see also Phase transformations I Partition coefficient Phase diagrams 530.474 (Chemistry) 541.341 3 see also Phase transformations Peat 553.21 Phase equilibria 530.474 economic geology 553.21 see also Phase transformations Peat coal 553.21 Phase stability 530.474 see also Peat see also Phase transformations Pectolite Phase transformations 530.474 N mineralogy 549.66 fluid-state physics 530.424 Pegmatite dikes 553.16 physics 530.474 determinative mineralogy 549.116 solid-state physics 530.414 I Pegmatoids 552.3 thermochemistry 541.363 Pendulum motion 531.324 Phase transitions 530.474 Pendulums 531.324 see also Phase transformations Pennsylvanian period 551.752 Phases geology 551.752 moon 523.32 Percolation (Statistical Phenacite physics) 530.13 N mineralogy 549.62 Percolation theory 530.13 Phenols 547.632 Peridotite 552.3 I Phenylacetates 547.632 NPerigee 521.3 E 547.632 Periodic law 546.8 Philippine Sea 551.461 458 Periodic table 546.8 Philosopher’s stone 540.112 Periodicity (Chemistry) 546.8 NPhlogiston theory 540.1 Permafrost 551.384 Phonons Permanent deformation 531.385 solid-state physics 530.416 see also Plasticity Phosphates 553.64 Permanent magnetic fields economic geology 553.64 (Earth) 538.72 mineralogy 549.72 NPhosphenes 547.07
144 RelativeiIndex ____ NPhosphinic acids 547.07 Physicists 530.092 NPhosphoacids 547.07 Physics 530 NPhosphoalcohols 547.07 N experiments 530.078 NPhosphoaldehydes 547.07 N laboratory manuals 530.078 NPhosphoketones 547.07 I Physiographic provinces 551.41 NPhosphonic acids 547.07 Pi-mesons 539.721 62 NPhosphonium compounds 547.07 Piezoelectricity 537.244 6 Phosphorescence 535.353 N crystals 548.85 Phosphorus Piezomagnetism 538.3 chemistry 546.712 Pigments organic chemistry 547.07 chemistry 547.869 aliphatic 547.47 economic geology 553.662 N aromatic 547.67 Pillow lava 552.26 Photochemistry 541.35 I Pinacol rearrangement 547.031 atmosphere 551.511 Pions 539.721 62 Photoconductivity 537.54 I Pisolites (Petrology) 552.58 Photoelectric photometry Pitch (Natural asphalt) 553.27 astronomy 522.623 see also Asphalt Photoelectricity 537.54 Pitch (Sound) E Photoelectrochemistry 541.35 N physics 534.3 I 541.35 Pitchblende Photoemission 537.54 N mineralogy 549.528 Photogrammetry 526.982 Placer deposits 553.13 Photographic photometry Plains 551.453 astronomy 522.622 geomorphology 551.453 Photographic surveying 526.982 Plane surveying 526.9 Photography Planetariums 520.74 astronomy 522.63 Planetary nebulas 523.113 5 nuclear physics 539.778 Planetary rings 523.98 Photoionization of gases 530.444 Planetary systems 523.2 I Photoisomerization 547.2 Planetary transits 523.99 Photoluminescence 535.355 E Planetary volcanism 551.210 999 2 Photometry 535.220 287 I 551.210 999 2 astronomy 522.62 Planetary wind systems 551.518 3 Photons 539.721 7 Planetoids 523.44 Photonuclear reactions 539.756 Planets 523.4 Photosphere astronomy 523.4 sun 523.74 Plants Photovoltaic effect 537.54 influence on precipitation 551.577 5 Phyllosilicates Plasma (Ionized gas) 530.44 mineralogy 549.67 N chemistry 541.042 4 Physical chemistry 541 physics 530.44 see Manual at 541 vs. 546 E properties 530.442 Physical constants 530.81 Plasma chemistry 541.042 4 Physical crystallography 548.8 Plasma physics 530.44 Physical geography * Plastic deformation 531.385 see Manual at 550 vs. 910 see also Plasticity Physical geology 551 Plasticity 531.385 I Physical laws 530 crystals 548.842 Physical mineralogy 549.12 physics 531.385 Physical oceanography 551.46 Plata, Rio de la (Argentina Physical optics 535.2 and Uruguay) 551.461 368 Physical organic chemistry 547.13 Plate tectonics 551.136 Physical units 530.81
145 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Plateaus 551.434 Pools (Water) 551.482 see also Mountains see also Ponds Platinum Porous solids 530.413 chemistry 546.645 Porphyrins 547.593 economic geology 553.422 Porphyry 552.3 Platinum metals NPort Davey 551.461 576 chemistry 546.63 Positional astronomy 522 economic geology 553.495 mathematical geography 526.6 Pleistocene epoch 551.792 Positrons 539.721 4 geology 551.792 Postglacial epoch 551.793 I Pleistocene-Holocene boundary geology 551.793 551.792 Potash 546.383 22 Pliocene epoch 551.788 Potash salts 553.636 geology 551.788 N chemistry 546.383 24 Plumbago (Graphite) 553.26 economic geology 553.636 see also Graphite Potassium Pluto (Dwarf planet) 523.482 chemistry 546.383 Plutonic rocks 552.3 N economic geology 553.499 Plutonium organic chemistry 547.053 83 chemistry 546.434 Potassium alkalis 546.383 22 Pneumatics 533 Potassium bicarbonate 546.383 22 physics 533 Potassium carbonate 546.383 22 Poisson’s ratio 531.381 Potassium hydroxide 546.383 22 NPolar easterlies 551.518 3 Potassium minerals I Polar gases 541.22 economic geology 553.636 Polarimetry Potential energy 531.6 astronomy 522.65 NPotentiometry 543.4 Polariscopic analysis 543.59 Practical astronomy 522 Polarization of light 535.52 Praseodymium N physics 535.52 chemistry 546.413 Polarography 543.4 N economic geology 553.494 3 Polonium Precambrian era 551.71 chemistry 546.728 geology 551.71 I Polyatomic molecules 539.6 Precession Polybasite celestial mechanics 521.9 N mineralogy 549.35 corrections 522.9 I Polycondensation 547.28 Precious metals Polyhalite economic geology 553.42 N mineralogy 549.755 Precious stones 553.8 Polyhydroxy aromatics 547.633 see also Gems Polymerization 547.28 Precipitates 541.348 5 inorganic chemistry 541.39 Precipitation (Chemicals) 541.34 organic chemistry 547.28 E analytical chemistry 543.24 Polymers 547.7 Precipitation (Meteorology) 551.577 inorganic chemistry 541.225 4 geologic agent 551.35 liquid-state physics 530.429 weather forecasting 551.647 7 organic chemistry 547.7 weather modification 551.687 7 state of matter 530.413 Prehnite Polymorphism N mineralogy 549.63 crystallography 548.3 NPreliminary surveys (Geodesy) Polyphenyl hydrocarbons 547.613 526.31 Ponds 551.482 Pressure hydrology 551.482 mechanics 531.1 I Pressure-sensitive paint 533.6
146 RelativeiIndex ____ Prisms 535.420 284 Pyrophyllite Problem of few bodies 530.14 mineralogy 549.67 Problem of n bodies 530.144 Pyroxenes astronomy 521 mineralogy 549.66 Problem of three bodies 530.14 Pyrroles 547.593 astronomy 521 Projectiles 531.55 Q physics 531.55 Promethium Quadrants chemistry 546.414 N astronomy 522.2 N economic geology 553.494 3 Qualitative analysis 543.1 Propagation of sound 534.2 Quantitative analysis 543.1 N see also Sound Quantum chemistry 541.28 Proportional counters Quantum chromodynamics 539.754 8 nuclear physics 539.773 Quantum electrodynamics 530.143 3 Protactinium Quantum electronics 537.5 chemistry 546.424 Quantum field theory 530.143 Proteins Quantum flavor 539.721 67 chemistry 547.7 I Quantum logic 530.120 151 13 Proterozoic era 551.715 E 530.120 151 13 geology 551.715 I Quantum maps 530.12 I Proton-induced gamma ray I Quantum measure theory 530.120 151 542 emission 543.6 Quantum mechanics 530.12 Protons 539.721 23 E measure theory 530.120 151 542 Proustite Quantum physics 539 N mineralogy 549.35 Quantum statistical mechanics Pseudomorphism 530.133 crystallography 548.3 Quantum statistics 530.133 Psilomelane Quantum theory 530.12 N mineralogy 549.53 Quantum theory of light 535.15 Puget Sound (Wash.) 551.461 432 Quarks 539.721 67 Pulsars 523.887 4 Quarters (Time interval) 529.2 NPulsating radio stars 523.887 4 Quartz Pulsating stars 523.844 25 mineralogy 549.68 Pulsating variables 523.844 25 Quartzite 552.4 NPulsations (Geomagnetism) 538.74 Quasars 523.115 Pumice 553.65 NQuasi-stellar objects 523.115 petrology 552.23 Quaternary period 551.79 Purines 547.596 geology 551.79 Pyrans 547.592 Queen Charlotte Sound (B.C.) Pyrargyrite 551.461 433 N mineralogy 549.35 Queen Charlotte Strait (B.C.) 551.461 433 Pyrazoles 547.593 Quinolines 547.596 Pyridines 547.593 NQuinonization 547.23 Pyrite mineralogy 549.32 R Pyroclastic rocks 552.23 NPyroelectricity 537.24 Radar N crystals 548.85 weather reporting 551.635 3 Pyrolusite Radiant energy 539.2 N mineralogy 549.524 Radiant points Pyromagnetism 538.3 astronomy 523.53 Pyrometry 536.52
147 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Radiation 539.2 Rare gases meteorology 551.527 chemistry 546.75 physics 539.2 economic geology 553.97 solid-state physics 530.416 Rarefied-gas electronics 537.53 Radiation chemistry 541.382 Ravines 551.442 Radiation measurement 539.77 geomorphology 551.442 I Radiation trapping 539.75 Rays (Nuclear physics) 539.722 E Radiative heat transfer 536.3 Reaction kinetics 541.394 Radicals (Chemicals) 541.224 organic chemistry 547.214 Radio astronomy 522.682 Reaction mechanisms I Radio galaxies 523.112 E chemistry 541.39 Radio telescopes 522.682 I Reaction mechanisms Radio waves 537.534 (Chemistry) 541.39 physics 537.534 Reactions Radioactivation analysis 543.63 chemistry 541.39 Radioactive fallout Reactions (Classical physics 539.753 mechanics) 531.113 Radioactive substances 539.752 Reagents Radioactive tracers analytical chemistry 543.028 4 analytical chemistry 543.63 Recent epoch 551.793 Radioactivity 539.752 geology 551.793 Radiochemical analysis 543.63 Reconnaissance surveys Radiochemistry 541.38 (Geodesy) 526.31 Radioelements 539.752 Recording devices Radiofrequency spectroscopy physical quantities 530.7 physics 537.534 Red dwarfs 523.88 Radioisotopes 539.752 Red Sea 551.461 533 chemistry 541.388 4 Redox reaction physics 539.752 organic chemistry 547.23 Radiolysis 541.382 Reduction (Chemical reaction) Radionuclides 539.752 541.393 Radiosondes organic chemistry 547.23 weather reporting 551.635 2 Reefs 551.424 Radium geomorphology 551.424 chemistry 546.396 NReflecting circles 522.2 economic geology 553.493 Reflection of light Radon physics 535.323 chemistry 546.756 Reflection of sound economic geology 553.97 physics 534.204 Rain 551.577 Refraction of light 535.324 meteorology 551.577 astronomical corrections 522.9 weather forecasting 551.647 7 Refractometry 543.59 weather modification 551.687 7 Refractory materials 553.67 Rainbows 551.567 economic geology 553.67 I Raindrops 551.577 Regge poles 539.721 Rainfall 551.577 Relativistic particles 539.72 NRaleigh Bay (N.C.) 551.461 348 Relativity theory 530.11 Raman effect 535.846 Relaxation (Physics) Raman spectroscopy 543.57 solid-state physics 530.416 analytical chemistry 543.57 I Reservoir-triggered physics 535.846 seismicity 551.22 Rare earths Resins chemistry 546.41 chemistry 547.843 4 economic geology 553.494 fossil 553.29
148 RelativeiIndex ____ Resistance thermometry 536.502 87 Rotation Resistivity in semiconductors 537.622 6 celestial bodies 521 Resonance accelerators 539.733 earth 525.35 Resorcinols 547.633 sun 523.73 Restitution coefficient 531.382 Rotational motion 531.113 Reversible reactions classical mechanics 531.113 N chemistry 541.39 fluid mechanics 532.059 5 N organic chemistry 547.2 gas mechanics 533.295 Rhenium liquid mechanics 532.595 chemistry 546.545 Rotational motion (continued) N economic geology 553.499 solid bodies 531.34 Rheology 531.113 4 NRR Lyrae variables 523.844 25 Rhode Island Sound (Mass. Rubber and R.I.) 551.461 346 chemistry 547.842 6 Rhodium Rubidium chemistry 546.634 chemistry 546.384 N economic geology 553.495 N economic geology 553.499 Rhodochrosite Rubies 553.84 N mineralogy 549.782 economic geology 553.84 Rhodonite Runoff (Hydrology) 551.488 N mineralogy 549.66 Ruthenium Rhyolite 552.22 chemistry 546.632 I Richter scale 551.220 287 N economic geology 553.495 Rift valleys 551.872 Rutherfordium NRifts (Geology) 551.872 chemistry 546.51 Riga, Gulf of (Latvia and NRutile 553.662 Estonia) 551.461 334 mineralogy 549.524 Rigid bodies mechanics 531 S NRime 551.574 4 I Ring complexes (Geology) 551.88 NSaint Elmo’s fire 551.563 Rings (Planets) 523.98 Saint George’s Channel Rio de la Plata (Argentina (Ireland and Wales) 551.461 337 and Uruguay) 551.461 368 Saint Lawrence, Gulf of 551.461 344 River beds 551.442 NSaint-Malo, Gulf of (France) geomorphology 551.442 551.461 338 River ice 551.345 Saline water 553.72 River sediments N economic geology 553.72 I Sampling 551.354 072 3 Salinity Rivers 551.483 sea water 551.466 4 hydrology 551.483 Salt (Sodium chloride) 553.632 interactions with atmosphere chemistry 546.382 24 551.524 8 economic geology 553.632 Roches moutonnées 551.315 mineralogy 549.4 Rock fragmentation Salt lakes 551.482 9 frost action 551.382 I Salt springs 551.498 Rock salt 553.632 Saltpeter 553.64 mineralogy 549.4 N chemistry 546.383 24 see also Salt (Sodium chloride) economic geology 553.64 Rockfalls 551.307 mineralogy 549.732 Rocks 552 determinative mineralogy 549.114 petrology 552 Ross Sea (Antarctic regions) 551.461 74
149 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Salts 546.34 Sea floor 551.468 chemistry 546.34 see also Ocean floor economic geology 553.63 Sea-floor spreading 551.136 see also Chemicals Sea ice 551.343 see also Salt (Sodium chloride) Sea-level changes 551.458 Saltwater lagoons 551.461 8 Sea of Azov (Ukraine and Samarium Russia) 551.461 389 chemistry 546.415 Sea of Crete (Greece) 551.461 388 N economic geology 553.494 3 Sea of Japan 551.461 454 Sample preparation Sea of Marmara (Turkey) 551.461 389 analytical chemistry 543.19 Sea of Okhotsk 551.461 453 San Francisco Bay (Calif.) 551.461 432 Seabed 551.468 NSan Jorge, Gulf of 551.461 368 see also Ocean floor NSan Matías, Gulf of 551.461 368 Seaborgium 546.449 Sand 553.622 Search for moving target 531.112 economic geology 553.622 Seas 551.46 petrology 552.5 see also Oceans Sand dunes 551.375 Seashores 551.457 geomorphology 551.375 see also Coasts Sandstone 553.53 Seasons economic geology 553.53 astronomy 525.5 petrology 552.5 Seawater 551.46 Saponification 547.27 oceanography 551.46 Sapphires 553.84 I Organic compound content economic geology 553.84 551.466 Sargasso Sea 551.461 362 see also Oceanography Satellites NSecondary X rays 539.722 2 I Orbits 523.98 Sediment transport 551.303 Satellites (Moons) 523.98 by water 551.353 Saturn (Planet) 523.46 by wind 551.373 Savu Sea 551.461 474 P Sedimentary basins 551.44 Scandium Sedimentary rocks 552.5 chemistry 546.401 Sedimentation 551.303 economic geology 553.494 2 in water 551.353 Scapolite Sedimentology 552.5 mineralogy 549.68 surface processes 551.3 Scattering (Physics) 539.758 Sediments 551.304 solid-state physics 530.416 glacier borne 551.314 Scattering of light 535.43 ocean floor 551.468 6 meteorology 551.566 water borne 551.354 Scheelite wind borne 551.374 mineralogy 549.74 Seeding clouds 551.687 6 Schist 552.4 Seiches 551.463 Schrödinger wave mechanics 530.124 lakes 551.482 Scintillation oceanography 551.463 atmospheric optics 551.565 I Seismic event location 551.220 287 Scintillation counters Seismic sea waves 551.463 7 nuclear physics 539.775 Seismic waves 551.22 Scorodite Seismography 551.220 287 N mineralogy 549.72 Seismology 551.22 Scotia Sea 551.461 73 Selenides Sculptural stone 553.5 mineralogy 549.32 see also Stone Sea breezes 551.518 5
150 RelativeiIndex ____ Selenium Shorelands 551.457 chemistry 546.724 see also Coasts N economic geology 553.499 Shorelines 551.458 N mineralogy 549.25 geomorphology 551.458 organic chemistry 547.057 24 I Monitoring 551.458 I Self-assembly (Chemistry) 547.2 Short-range weather I Self-propagating forecasting 551.636 2 high-temperature synthesis Shortwave electronics 541.368 7 physics 537.534 3 Semiarid lands 551.415 SI (Metric system) 530.812 see also Arid lands Siam, Gulf of 551.461 472 Semibituminous coal 553.24 Sicily, Strait of 551.461 381 see also Coal Sidereal clocks Semiconductivity 537.622 astronomy 522.5 N crystals 548.85 Sidereal day 529.1 I Semiconductor nanocrystals 537.622 Sidereal month 523.33 Semiconductors Siderite electrochemistry 541.377 mineralogy 549.782 physics 537.622 I Siderophile elements 546.621 3 Semimetals I 549.112 chemistry 546.71 I Sidescan sonar 551.468 302 84 economic geology 553.499 NSienna 553.662 mineralogy 549.25 Silicates NSemimicroanalysis 543.22 mineralogy 549.6 Semiprecious stones 553.87 Silicon 553.6 economic geology 553.87 chemistry 546.683 Semiregular variable stars 523.844 26 economic geology 553.6 Sepiolite N mineralogy 549.27 N mineralogy 549.67 organic chemistry 547.08 I Sequence stratigraphy 551.7 aliphatic 547.48 E Sequential injection analysis 543.19 N aromatic 547.68 I 543.19 see also Chemicals Serpentine 553.55 Sillimanite economic geology 553.55 mineralogy 549.62 mineralogy 549.67 Sills (Geology) 551.88 petrology 552.4 Silt Seto-naikai (Japan) 551.461 455 petrology 552.5 Sextants Silurian period 551.732 astronomy 527.028 4 geology 551.732 Shadows 535.4 Silver Shale chemistry 546.654 petrology 552.5 economic geology 553.421 Shale oil 553.283 I Silver bromide 546.654 2 see also Oil shale E Silver compounds 546.654 2 NShear modulus 531.381 Singapore Strait 551.461 472 Shelf ice 551.342 Sink holes 551.447 Shelikof Strait (Alaska) 551.461 434 see also Caves Shell model (Nuclear physics) Sinking 532.25 539.743 I Sirocco 551.518 5 Shock waves 531.113 3 Size 530.81 fluid mechanics 532.059 3 Skagerrak (Denmark and gas mechanics 533.293 Norway) 551.461 336 liquid mechanics 532.593 Skutterudite solid mechanics 531.33 N mineralogy 549.32
151 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Sky Soil erosion 551.302 atmospheric optics 551.565 geology 551.302 meteorology 551.5 see also Erosion Sky color 551.566 Soil formation 551.305 Slate 553.54 frost action 551.38 economic geology 553.54 Soils petrology 552.4 petrology 552.5 Slope failure 551.307 Solar day 529.1 Slopes 551.43 Solar energy see also Mountains astronomy 523.72 Smaltite Solar flares 523.75 N mineralogy 549.32 Solar granulation 523.74 Smithsonite Solar interior 523.76 N mineralogy 549.782 I Solar polarimetry 523.72 Smoke 541.345 15 Solar prominences 523.75 colloid chemistry 541.345 15 Solar radiation 523.72 I Smoke plumes in meteorology meteorology 551.527 1 551.518 028 7 NSolar radio emission 523.72 Snow 551.578 4 Solar system 523.2 meteorology 551.578 4 I Solar-terrestrial physics 523.72 weather forecasting 551.647 84 I 538.7 weather modification 551.687 84 Solar wind 523.58 Snow cover 551.578 46 Solid dynamics 531.3 see also Snow Solid foams 541.345 13 Snow drifts 551.578 47 Solid-gas interfaces 530.417 Snow surveys 551.579 Solid-liquid interfaces 530.417 I Snowball Earth (Geology) 551.310 901 2 Solid mechanics 531 Snowfall 551.578 4 Solid particles 530.413 see also Snow classical mechanics 531.16 Snowstorms 551.555 solid-state physics 530.413 see also Disasters Solid-state chemistry 541.042 1 Soapstone 553.55 Solid-state physics 530.41 economic geology 553.55 see Manual at 548 vs. 530.41 NSoda ash 546.382 24 Solidification 536.42 NSoda niter 553.64 Solids N chemistry 546.382 24 N chemistry 541.042 1 mineralogy 549.732 expansion and contraction 536.414 Sodas (Chemicals) 546.382 2 heat transfer 536.23 Sodium mechanics 531 chemistry 546.382 sound transmission 534.22 economic geology 553.499 specific heat 536.63 Sodium bicarbonate 546.382 22 state of matter 530.41 Sodium carbonate 546.382 24 Solomon Sea 551.461 476 Sodium chloride 553.632 Solubility 541.342 chemistry 546.382 24 Solutes 541.348 3 see also Salt (Sodium chloride) Solution chemistry 541.34 Sodium hydroxide 546.382 22 Solvents 541.348 2 Sodium nitrate 553.64 Solway Firth (England and N chemistry 546.382 24 Scotland) 551.461 337 economic geology 553.64 Sorosilicates NSoft coal 553.24 mineralogy 549.63 N see also Coal Sound 534 physics 534
152 RelativeiIndex ____ Sound, The (Denmark and Spin Sweden) 551.461 334 nuclear physics 539.725 South Atlantic Ocean 551.461 35 solid dynamics 531.34 South China Sea 551.461 472 Spinel South Pacific Ocean 551.461 48 mineralogy 549.526 Southeast Atlantic Ocean 551.461 37 Spirit leveling 526.36 Southeast Pacific Ocean 551.461 41 Spodumene E Southwest Atlantic Ocean 551.461 36 mineralogy 549.66 Southwest Pacific Ocean 551.461 47 Spot tests (Chemicals) 543.22 Space Springs (Water) 551.498 astronomy 520 Sputtering (Physics) physics 530.1 solid-state physics 530.416 see Manual at 520 vs. 500.5, 523.1, I Stagnation point 532.053 2 530.1, 919.9 Stannite Space and time 530.11 N mineralogy 549.32 physics 530.11 Star catalogs 523.802 16 I Space and time in mass media Star clusters 523.85 530.11 Star formation 523.88 Space surveying 526.982 Starches Space telescopes 522.291 9 chemistry 547.78 Space-time 530.11 Stars 523.8 physics 530.11 see Manual at 520 vs. 523.1, Specific gravity 531.14 523.112, 523.8 N fluid mechanics 532 States of matter 530.4 gas mechanics 533.15 Statics 531.12 liquid mechanics 532.4 air 533.61 solid mechanics 531.54 fluids 532.02 Specific heat 536.6 gases 533.12 Spectral regions liquids 532.2 light physics 535.01 N particles 531.16 Spectral types (Stars) 523.87 solids 531.2 Spectrochemical analysis 543.5 Statistical mechanics 530.13 Spectrophotometry 543.55 Staurolite Spectroscopic binaries 523.842 mineralogy 549.62 Spectroscopy 543.5 Steatite 553.55 analytical chemistry 543.5 N economic geology 553.55 astronomy 522.67 I Stellar collisions 523.8 interpretation of nuclear Stellar evolution 523.88 structure 539.744 Stellar magnitudes 523.822 nonoptical methods 543.6 I Stellar mergers 523.8 physics 535.84 Stellar radiation 523.82 stars 523.87 NStellar radio emission 523.82 Spectrum analysis 543.5 Stephanite physics 535.84 N mineralogy 549.35 I Speleothems 551.447 Stereochemistry 547.122 3 Sphalerite inorganic chemistry 541.223 mineralogy 549.32 organic chemistry 547.122 3 Sphene Steroids N mineralogy 549.62 chemistry 547.7 Spherical astronomy 522.7 Stibnite I Spherules (Geology) 549.112 N mineralogy 549.32 I Spillover (Chemistry) 541.395 Stoichiometry 541.26 Stone 553.5 economic geology 553.5
153 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Store Bëìaelt (Denmark) 551.461 334 Sublimation 530.414 Storm surges N heat physics 536.44 oceanography 551.463 NSubmarine geologists 551.468 092 Storms 551.55 Submarine geology 551.468 meteorology 551.55 Submarine geomorphology 551.468 3 weather forecasting 551.645 E equipment 551.468 302 84 weather modification 551.685 Submerged lands 551.41 see also Disasters see also Wetlands Strains 531.381 Subsidence 551.307 physics 531.381 Subsonic flow 533.273 Strait of Dover 551.461 336 air mechanics 533.62 Strait of Georgia (B.C.) 551.461 433 Subsonic vibrations 534.52 Strait of Gibraltar 551.461 381 physics 534.52 Strait of Hormuz 551.461 535 Substitution (Chemical Strait of Juan de Fuca (B.C. reaction) 541.39 and Washington) 551.461 432 organic chemistry 547.2 Strait of Magellan (Chile Subsurface water 553.79 and Argentina) 551.461 74 see also Groundwater Strait of Malacca 551.461 565 Suez, Gulf of 551.461 533 Strait of Mandab 551.461 532 Sulfates 546.723 24 Strait of Messina (Italy) 551.461 386 mineralogy 549.75 Strait of Sicily 551.461 381 Sulfides 546.723 2 Straits of Florida 551.461 363 mineralogy 549.32 Strange particles 539.721 6 organic chemistry 547.061 Strangeness (Nuclear physics) Sulfinic acids 547.066 539.721 6 Sulfites 546.723 24 Stratifications (Rock N organic chemistry 547.061 formations) 551.81 Sulfonation 547.27 economic geology 553.14 Sulfones 547.065 specific areas 554–559 Sulfonic acids 547.067 Stratigraphy 551.7 Sulfosalts Stratosphere 551.514 2 mineralogy 549.35 I Stratospheric chemistry 551.511 Sulfoxides 547.065 Streams 551.483 Sulfur 553.668 see also Rivers chemistry 546.723 Strength economic geology 553.668 crystals 548.842 organic chemistry 547.06 Stresses (Physical forces) 531.381 N alicyclic 547.56 crystals 548.842 aliphatic 547.46 physics 531.381 aromatic 547.66 Strikes (Geology) 551.85 see also Chemicals Strong interaction (Nuclear Sulphur 553.668 particles) 539.754 8 see also Sulfur Strontianite Sulu Sea 551.461 473 N mineralogy 549.785 Sumner’s method Strontium celestial navigation 527.3 chemistry 546.394 Sun 523.7 N economic geology 553.499 astronomy 523.7 Structural chemistry 541.2 I Gravity 523.71 Structural crystallography 548.81 Sun tables Structural geology 551.8 earth astronomy 525.38 Structural stone 553.5 Sunspots 523.74 see also Stone geomagnetic effects 538.746 Subatomic particles 539.72 Supercolliders 539.736
154 RelativeiIndex ____ Superconducting Synchro-cyclotrons 539.735 supercolliders 539.736 Synchronous accelerators 539.735 Superconductivity 537.623 Synchrotrons 539.735 Superconductors 537.623 Synclines 551.86 Supercritical fluid Synthesis chromatography 543.86 chemistry 541.39 Supercritical gas organic chemistry 547.2 chromatography 543.86 Système international 530.812 Superfluidity 530.42 Supergravity 530.142 3 T Supernovas 523.844 65 Supersonic flow 533.275 Table salt 553.632 air mechanics 533.62 see also Salt (Sodium chloride) Superstring theory 539.725 8 Taiwan Strait 551.461 457 Superstrings 539.725 8 Talc 553.676 Supersymmetry 539.725 economic geology 553.676 Supramolecular chemistry 547.122 6 mineralogy 549.67 I 547.122 6 Tantalum inorganic chemistry 541.226 chemistry 546.526 I Supramolecular economic geology 553.465 electrochemistry 547.137 I Tanzanite 553.87 I Supramolecular N 553.87 organometallic chemistry E mineralogy 549.63 547.050 442 6 Tar sands 553.283 I Surface brightness economic geology 553.283 (Astronomy) 523.015 22 Taranto, Gulf of (Italy) 551.461 386 Surface chemistry 541.33 Tasman Sea 551.461 478 Surface phenomena Tatar Strait (Russia) 551.461 454 E chemistry 541.33 Tautomerism 547.122 52 Surface physics 530.417 inorganic chemistry 541.225 2 liquids 530.427 organic chemistry 547.122 52 solids 530.417 Technetium Surface processes (Geology) 551.3 chemistry 546.543 see Manual at 551.302–.307 vs. E compounds 546.543 2 551.35 I Technetium compounds 546.543 2 Surface tension 530.427 Tectonics 551.8 E chemistry 541.33 I Tectonite 552.4 N physics 530.427 Tectosilicates Surface water 553.78 mineralogy 549.68 economic geology 553.78 Tehuantepec, Gulf of (Mexico) hydrology 551.48 551.461 41 Surveying 526.9 Telescopes 522.2 Surveyors 526.909 2 astronomy 522.2 Suspensions (Chemistry) 541.34 Tellurides Swamps 551.417 mineralogy 549.32 see also Wetlands Tellurium Swells (Wind effects) 551.463 chemistry 546.726 lakes 551.482 economic geology 553.499 Syenite 553.52 N mineralogy 549.25 economic geology 553.52 I Temperate climate 551.691 2 petrology 552.3 E 551.691 2 Sylvite N mineralogy 549.4 Symmetry (Nuclear physics) 539.725
155 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Temperature 536.5 Thermochemistry 541.36 meteorology 551.525 Thermocouples 536.52 physics 536.5 I Thermodynamic cycles 536.71 seawater 551.465 3 Thermodynamics 536.7 meteorological effect 551.524 6 chemistry 541.369 weather forecasting 551.642 5 meteorology 551.522 Temperature changes physics 536.7 geologic work 551.39 Thermoelectricity 537.65 meteorology 551.525 3 Thermogravimetry 543.26 Temperature-salinity Thermoluminescence 535.356 relationships 551.466 43 NThermometric titrimetry 543.26 Temporary deformation 531.382 Thermometry 536.502 87 see also Elasticity Thermonuclear reaction 539.764 Terbium Thiazoles 547.594 chemistry 546.416 Thin films 530.427 5 N economic geology 553.494 7 liquid-state physics 530.427 5 I Terminators (Astronomy) 523.4 solid-state physics 530.417 5 NTernary superconductors 537.623 3 Thin-layer chromatography 543.84 Terpenes Thio acids 547.064 chemistry 547.71 Thioaldehydes 547.065 Terrestrial photogrammetry 526.982 5 Thioethers 547.061 Terrestrial radiation Thioketones 547.065 meteorology 551.527 2 Thiophenes 547.594 Tertiary period 551.78 Thorium geology 551.78 chemistry 546.422 Test tubes 542.2 economic geology 553.493 Testing Thulium chemistry 542.3 chemistry 546.418 physics 530.8 N economic geology 553.494 7 Tetrahedrite Thunderstorms 551.554 mineralogy 549.35 Tidal currents 551.464 I Tetraoxygen 539.6 Tidal flats 551.457 I 546.721 see also Coasts I Tetrazole 547.593 Tidal waves 551.463 7 Thailand, Gulf of 551.461 472 Tidelands (Shorelands) 551.457 Thallium see also Coasts chemistry 546.678 Tidelands (Wetlands) 551.41 N economic geology 553.499 see also Wetlands Theoretical chemistry 541.2 Tides 551.464 see Manual at 541 vs. 546 Till (Geologic landforms) 551.315 Theoretical organic chemistry 547.12 Till (Geologic material) 551.314 Thermal analysis 543.26 Timbre (Sound) I Thermal boundary layer 536.2 N physics 534.3 Thermal capacity 536.6 Time Thermal conductivity 536.201 2 chronology 529 Thermal convective storms 551.554 Timor Sea 551.461 574 Thermal diffusivity 536.201 4 Tin Thermal dissociation 541.364 chemistry 546.686 Thermal effects of economic geology 553.453 electricity 537.624 Titanium Thermal expansion 536.41 chemistry 546.512 Thermal waters economic geology 553.462 3 geophysics 551.23 Titanium group NThermionic emission 537.53 chemistry 546.51
156 RelativeiIndex ____ Titration 543.24 Travertine 553.516 NTonkin, Gulf of 551.461 472 N economic geology 553.516 Topaz Triangulation 526.33 mineralogy 549.62 Triassic period 551.762 Topographic surveying 526.98 geology 551.762 Topography Triboelectricity 537.21 geomorphology 551.41 Trigonometric leveling 526.38 influence on precipitation 551.577 5 Trihydroxy aromatics 547.633 mapping 526 Trilateration 526.33 ocean floor 551.468 3 Triphylite Tornadoes 551.553 N mineralogy 549.72 meteorology 551.553 Triple points 530.474 weather forecasting 551.645 3 see also Phase transformations weather modification 551.685 3 Tritium 546.213 see also Disasters see also Chemicals Torque 531.34 E Tropic of Cancer 526.6 Torres Strait (Qld. and E Tropic of Capricorn 526.6 Papua New Guinea) 551.461 476 Tropical climate 551.691 3 Tourmaline 553.87 Tropical cyclones 551.552 mineralogy 549.64 see also Hurricanes see also Semiprecious stones Troposphere 551.513 Trade winds 551.518 3 Tsugaru Strait (Japan) 551.461 454 Trajectories Tsunamis 551.463 7 N physics 531.55 Tufa 552.5 P Trans-Neptunian objects 523.48 Tuff 552.23 Trans-Uranian planets 523.48 Tundras 551.453 Transformation of energy 531.68 geomorphology 551.453 Transient magnetism Tungstates (Geomagnetism) 538.74 mineralogy 549.74 Transition metals Tungsten chemistry 546.6 chemistry 546.536 Transitional flow 532.052 6 economic geology 553.464 9 gas mechanics 533.216 Tunneling (Physics) 530.416 liquid mechanics 532.516 semiconductors 537.622 6 Transits 523.99 NTurbidimetric analysis 543.55 Mercury 523.91 Turbulence Venus 523.92 oceanography 551.462 Transmission of light 535.3 Turbulent flow 532.052 7 Transmission of sound 534.2 air mechanics 533.62 N see also Sound gas mechanics 533.217 Transonic flow 533.274 liquid mechanics 532.517 air mechanics 533.62 Turquoise 553.87 I Transparency 535.3 mineralogy 549.72 Transpiration see also Semiprecious stones meteorology 551.572 Twilight 525.7 Transport phenomena 530.475 meteorology 551.566 see also Mass transfer Twisters (Tornadoes) 551.553 Transport theory N see also Tornadoes (Statistical mechanics) 530.138 Typhoons 551.552 Transuranium elements 546.44 see also Hurricanes see also Chemicals Tyrrhenian Sea 551.461 383 Travel * see Manual at 550 vs. 910 Traversing (Surveying) 526.33
157 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ U V
Ulexite Vacuum electronics 537.53 N mineralogy 549.735 Vacuum ultraviolet Ultrahigh-frequency spectroscopy electronics physics 535.845 physics 537.534 4 Vacuums 533.5 Ultrasonic vibrations 534.55 Valence (Chemistry) 541.224 physics 534.55 Valences (Chemistry) Ultraviolet radiation 535.014 E organic chemistry 547.122 4 chemical effect 541.353 4 Valley winds 551.518 5 physics 535.014 Valleys 551.442 Ultraviolet spectroscopy 543.5 geomorphology 551.442 analytical chemistry 543.5 Van Allen radiation belts 538.766 physics 535.844 NVan de Graaff electrostatic NUmber 553.662 generators 539.732 Underground water 553.79 Vanadates see also Groundwater mineralogy 549.72 Unified field theory 530.142 Vanadinite E United States. National N mineralogy 549.72 Weather Service 551.657 3 Vanadium United States customary chemistry 546.522 measurements 530.813 economic geology 553.462 6 United States Pacific Vanadium group seawaters 551.461 432 chemistry 546.52 Units 530.81 Vaporization 536.44 Universe Variable stars 523.844 astronomy 523.1 Variation of compass see Manual at 520 vs. 523.1, N spherical astronomy 522.7 523.112, 523.8 Vector quantities I Uplands 551.43 mechanics 531.112 Upper atmosphere 551.514 Vegetation and climate winds 551.518 7 influence on precipitation 551.577 5 NUpper Carboniferous period 551.752 Veins (Geology) 553.19 N geology 551.752 economic geology 553.19 NUpper Precambrian era 551.715 structural geology 551.88 N geology 551.715 Velocity (Mechanics) 531.112 NUpper Silurian epoch 551.732 Velocity of flow N geology 551.732 air mechanics 533.62 Upwelling fluid mechanics 532.053 2 oceanography 551.462 gas mechanics 533.27 Urabá, Gulf of (Colombia) 551.461 365 liquid mechanics 532.57 Uraninite Velocity of light 535.24 mineralogy 549.528 Velocity of sound 534.202 Uranium Velocity of stars 523.83 chemistry 546.431 Venezuela, Gulf of (Colombia economic geology 553.493 2 and Venezuela) 551.461 365 NUranography 522 Venice, Gulf of (Italy) 551.461 385 NUranology 520 Uranus (Planet) 523.47 Urban heat islands 551.525 091 732
158 RelativeiIndex ____ Venus (Planet) 523.42 Vortex motion 532.059 5 E ionosphere 538.767 099 922 fluid mechanics 532.059 5 I Ionosphere 538.767 099 922 gas mechanics 533.295 I 551.514 509 liquid mechanics 532.595 992 2 ionosphere W E meteorology 551.514 509 992 2 Verd antique marble 553.55 I Waitomo Caves (N.Z. : Cave) economic geology 553.55 551.447 099 338 Vermiculite 553.678 NWarm fronts 551.551 2 economic geology 553.678 Water 553.7 Vibrational spectra chemistry 546.22 (Molecules) 539.6 I Color 551.465 5 Vibrations economic geology 553.7 fluid mechanics 532.05 geologic agent 551.35 solid-state physics 530.416 see Manual at 551.302–.307 vs. solids 531.32 551.35 I Video astronomy 522.63 meteorology 551.57 Viscosity 531.113 4 Water-atmosphere interactions fluid mechanics 532.053 3 551.524 gas mechanics 533.28 microclimatology 551.66 liquid mechanics 532.58 Water balance 551.48 solid mechanics 531.4 Water bodies 551.46 Viscous flow 532.053 3 influence on precipitation 551.577 5 gas mechanics 533.28 physical geology 551.46 liquid mechanics 532.58 Water solutions 541.342 2 Visibility Water supply meteorology 551.568 economic geology 553.7 Visible light 535 Water table 551.492 see also Light Water temperatures Visual binaries 523.841 meteorology 551.524 Vitamins oceanography 551.465 3 chemistry 547.7 Waterfalls Vivianite hydrology 551.484 N mineralogy 549.72 Waterspouts (Tornadoes) 551.553 Volatiles (Volcanic gases) 551.23 N see also Tornadoes NVolatilization analysis 543.26 Wave action 551.36 Volcanic ash 552.23 Wave mechanics 530.124 I Volcanic eruptions 551.21 Wave theories 530.14 I Volcanic fields 551.21 electricity 537.12 Volcanic gases 551.23 light 535.13 I Volcanic plumes 551.23 modern physics 530.14 Volcanic rocks 552.2 Waves NVolcanism 551.21 air mechanics 533.62 I Effect of environment on fluid mechanics 532.059 3 551.21 gas mechanics 533.293 Volcanoes 551.21 liquid mechanics 532.593 E Mars 551.210 999 23 mechanics 531.113 3 see also Disasters oceanography 551.463 Voltage multipliers quantum theory 530.124 N nuclear physics 539.732 solid mechanics 531.33 Volumetric analysis 543.24 Waxes chemistry 547.77
159 DeweyiDecimaliClassification ____ Weak interaction (Nuclear Wolframite particles) 539.754 4 mineralogy 549.74 Weather 551.6 Wollastonite earth sciences 551.6 mineralogy 549.66 I Effect of lakes on 551.524 8 Work (Mechanics) 531.6 E research 551.607 2 I Working fluids 532 see Manual at 551.5 vs. 551.6 I Working gases 533 NWeather belts 551.62 I Working substances 532 Weather control 551.68 Wulfenite see also Weather N mineralogy 549.74 Weather forecasting 551.63 see also Weather X Weather lore 551.631 Weather modification 551.68 X-ray astronomy 522.686 3 see also Weather X-ray electronics 537.535 Weather satellites X-ray spectroscopy 543.62 use 551.635 4 analytical chemistry 543.62 Weathering 551.302 physics 537.535 2 by water 551.352 X rays 539.722 2 by wind 551.372 Xenon soil formation 551.305 chemistry 546.755 Weddell Sea (Antarctic N economic geology 553.97 regions) 551.461 73 I Xerogels 541.345 13 Weeks 529.2 Weights and measures 530.81 Y physics 530.81 Wells (Water source) Years 529.2 hydrology 551.498 Yellow Sea 551.461 456 Westerlies 551.518 3 Yield point (Mechanics) 531.381 Western calendars 529.4 NYork River (Va.) 551.461 347 Western Mediterranean Sea 551.461 381 NYoung’s modulus 531.381 Wetlands 551.417 Ytterbium geomorphology 551.417 chemistry 546.419 White dwarfs 523.887 N economic geology 553.494 7 White Sea (Russia) 551.461 324 Yttrium Willemite chemistry 546.403 N mineralogy 549.62 N economic geology 553.494 7 Willy-willies (Hurricanes) 551.552 Yttrium-group metals N see also Hurricanes economic geology 553.494 7 Wilson cloud chambers Yucatán Channel 551.461 364 nuclear physics 539.777 Wind 551.518 Z geologic agent 551.37 E measurement 551.518 028 7 NZenith telescopes 522.2 I Wind chill index 551.525 Zeolite Wind erosion 551.372 mineralogy 549.68 Wind waves I Zeroth law of thermodynamics oceanography 551.463 536.71 I Windsocks 551.518 028 4 Zinc E 551.518 028 4 chemistry 546.661 Witherite economic geology 553.452 N mineralogy 549.785 organic chemistry 547.056 61 Wolf-Rayet stars 523.88 Zincite mineralogy 549.522
160 RelativeiIndex ____ Zircon mineralogy 549.62 NZirconia 553.67 Zirconium chemistry 546.513 economic geology 553.465 Zodiac astronomy 523 Zodiacal light 523.59 Zoisite E mineralogy 549.63 I Zonal winds 551.518 3 Zones of latitude astronomical geography 525.5
161