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Geodata.book Page iv Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA

Project Editor Imaging and Multimedia Manufacturing John . McCoy Randy Bassett, Christine 'Bryan, Barbara . Nekita McKee Yarrow Editorial Mary Rose Bonk, Pamela A. Dear, Rachel J. Project Design Kain, Lynn U. Koch, Michael . Lesniak, Nancy Cindy Baldwin, Tracey Rowens Matuszak, Michael . Reade

© 2002 by . Gale is an imprint of The Gale For permission to use material from this prod- Since this page cannot legibly accommodate Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, uct, submit your request via Web at http:// all copyright notices, the acknowledgements Inc. www.gale-edit.com/permissions, or you may constitute an extension of this copyright download our Permissions Request form and notice. Gale and Design™ and Thomson Learning™ submit your request by fax or mail to: are trademarks used herein under license. While every effort has been made to ensure Permissions Department the reliability of the information presented in For more information contact The Gale Group, Inc. this publication, The Gale Group, Inc. does The Gale Group, Inc. 27500 Drake Rd. not guarantee the accuracy of the data con- 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331–3535 tained herein. The Gale Group, Inc. accepts no Farmington Hills, MI 48331–3535 Permissions Hotline: payment for listing; and inclusion in the pub- Or you can visit our Internet site at 248–699–8006 or 800–877–4253; ext. 8006 lication of any organization, agency, institu- http://www.gale.com Fax: 248–699–8074 or 800–762–4058 tion, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or pub- ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Cover photographs reproduced by permission No part of this work covered by the copyright lisher. Errors brought to the attention of the of Digital Stock (Taj Mahal, center left), Digi- publisher and verified to the satisfaction of hereon may be reproduced or used in any tal Vision (Fall trees, top left; , top form or by any means--graphic, electronic, or the publisher will be corrected in future edi- right; Water carriers, center; City in smog, tions. mechanical, including photocopying, record- center right), and PhotoDisc (Pink buttes, top ing, taping, Web distribution, or information center; , bottom). storage retrieval systems--without the written permission of the publisher. All of the maps appearing in this book were created to order by XNR Productions, Inc., of Madison, WI. Maps are the property of Gale, © 2002, all rights reserved.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Geo-data : the world geographical encyclopedia / John F. McCoy, project editor.-- 3rd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-7876-5581-3 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Gazetteers. . McCoy, John, 1976- G103.5 .G36 2002 910'.3--dc21 2002010926

Printed in the of America 10987654321 Geodata.book Page ix Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

PREFACE

Gale is pleased to present the third edition of Geo-Data: of and the of have their The World Geographical Encyclopedia. This is the first own entries, as do 13 dependencies: Anguilla, , Ber- new edition of Geo-Data since 1989, and it represents a muda, the British Virgin , the Cayman Islands, complete revision and updating of that work. The - French Guiana, , Guadeloupe, Martinique, pose of the book remains unchanged: to provide the , Puerto Rico, the Turks and Caicos reader with the most detailed and comprehensive Islands, and the U.. . Smaller, less popu- descriptions available for the physical geography of coun- lated, and more remote dependencies, such as the Cook tries. Islands, Atoll, and Svalbard, are discussed in the Geo-Data’s focus and design is unique. Many encyclo- entries of their parent states. pedias, atlases, and other books provide some informa- Although all countries and dependencies are tion on geography, but it is usually secondary to history, described in detail, entries can vary greatly in length. current events, or other topics. In these sorts of refer- This is often due to the obvious reason that some coun- ences physical geography receives a few paragraphs of tries are much larger than others. However, countries coverage per country at best, compared to pages in Geo- with particularly complicated geography, such as Nepal, Data. Among the few books that can rival Geo-Data cov- may have longer entries than much larger countries with erage, none can match its ease of use. There is no need to fewer outstanding features, such as . Countries with hunt from one end of a dictionary or gazetteer to another, a large number of dependencies, such as or the searching for details on a country's many different fea- , also have longer entries than compara- tures. In Geo-Data everything is presented in one place. bly sized countries. Each of Geo-Data’s entries gives the reader a complete portrait of a country's mountains, fields, forests, , Names and Measurements rivers, , wetlands, and other features, with additional Geography is an imprecise science. Knowledgeable information on population distribution and natural experts, most of whom have lived, worked, or studied resources. Key facts and statistics are highlighted at the extensively in the countries about which they wrote, pre- beginning of each entry. In addition to the country pared the entries for this new edition of Geo-Data. Gale entries, Geo-Data features a World Rankings Appendix, editors have relied on authoritative sources such as Mer- listing the world's tallest mountains, longest rivers, deep- riam Webster’s Geographical Dictionary, 3rd ed., The est , largest lakes, most populous countries, and World Factbook 2001 of the CIA, The Columbia Gazetteer other outstanding features. of the World, and the statistics and geographic divisions of the and various countries to check our Selection Criteria facts. However, the reader should be aware that it is diffi- Geo-Data features 207 entries, each describing a single cult if not impossible to measure exactly such large and country or dependency. Every entry includes a relief map irregular features as mountains, lakes, and rivers. Even depicting the country or dependency. There is a separate authoritative sources often vary slightly in their informa- entry for each of the world’s 192 countries, including the tion. Population information can be even more difficult new nation of East . In addition, the autonomous to determine accurately, as many countries do not mea-

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA ix Geodata.book Page Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Preface

sure this scientifically and on a regular basis. While basic in the Overview. Next, Mountains and Hills describes the population statistics are present in every entry, detailed major elevations of the country. Inland Waterways then tables and other breakdowns are present only in those describes the country’s lakes, rivers, and wetlands. The entries for which accurate and reasonably current infor- Coast, Islands, and the gives information on the mation was available. bodies of water that on the country, the country's coasts, and its major islands. Climate and Vegetation It is common for a single geographical feature or describes the country’s temperature and rainfall patterns, country to be called by many different names, depending as well as its forests, , deserts, and other ground on the source and context. In Geo-Data we have cover. Human Population outlines the major concentra- attempted to use the names that will be most familiar to tions of people in the country. Then Natural Resources the majority of our readers. These are most commonly identifies the most important resources found within the English-language names, but widely used names in other country. Finally, the Further Readings rubric gives an languages and names which have no English equivalent interested reader suggestions on where to find more also appear frequently. In addition, the reader will often information. find alternative names for the same feature given in parentheses after it is first mentioned in the text. All eight rubrics appear in every entry, in the order given above, making it easy to navigate within entries and In the case of country and dependency names, the edi- to compare information across countries. Entries are tors have again opted for using the most easily recognized written as a narrative, so the reader looking for the com- versions of their names. Thus the reader will find plete picture on a country should find the entire entry an under , not under F for Federative Republic of Brazil or enjoyable read. Rubrics are clearly denoted in the text, for República Federative do Brasil. Full, formal, names are however, so a reader looking for specific information can used with the two Congos and the two , but these find it easily. Throughout the text, major features are countries still appear under and , respectively. identified by name, and their height, length, or other When discussing geography it is impossible to avoid dimensions are provided whenever possible, both in controversy. There are many around the world imperial and metric units. Sidebars highlight particularly whose ownership is disputed, sometimes violently. unusual and interesting facts. Although Gale does not support or seek to legitimize the Geo-Data’s entries are greatly enhanced by their views of any of the parties of these disputes, for the sake maps. Every entry in the book includes a relief map. of completeness it was necessary to include these dis- These maps were created specifically for their entries and puted regions in one entry or another. The editors have give the user an extremely detailed view of the geography chosen to discuss disputed regions within the entries of they are reading about. Since they were created especially the countries that physically control them, while at the for Geo-Data, the reader can be assured that all but the same time carefully noting in those entries that the smallest of features mentioned in the text also appear on is claimed by other countries and its status is not the map. In addition to the maps, most entries feature determined. Thus the can be found under one or two tables. These tables list the country's largest , Jammu and within the entries on cities and their populations and the country's provinces, and , and Taiwan in its own separate entry. their capitals, area, and populations.

How Each Profile is Organized Additional Features Geo-Data’s 207 entries are organized alphabetically. Readers looking for comparative information on the All entries follow the same basic structure, beginning world's most remarkable features will find the World with a collection of Key Facts. The purpose of the Key Rankings Appendix useful. The 19 tables in this section Facts is to gather together in one easy to find place the include lists of the world’s tallest mountains by continent basic information about each country that readers most and country; the world’s longest ; the world’s often need. These facts always include a country’s: area largest bays and gulfs; the world’s tallest volcanoes; the (total and ranked relative to other entries), location rela- world’s deepest oceans; and much more. Geo-Data’s tive to the rest of the world, coordinates, border length exhaustive subject index can help the reader find more (overall and with individual countries), coastline length, information in the text on these and other features. A territorial seas, highest point, lowest point, population glossary is also provided, for those readers who are (total and ranked relative to other entries), largest city, unfamiliar with some of the terms used throughout the and capital city. When available and applicable, the long- book. est distances across the country, its longest river, and its largest lake are also provided. Acknowledgements Following the Key Facts are eight rubrics. First, the Earlier edition of Geo-Data were produced by George overall geography and geology of the country is described Kurian and associates, and distributed by Gale. Gale

x GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page xi Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Preface

thanks Mr. Kurian entrusting us with Geo-Data and Jeneen Hobby, Ph.D. allowing us to continue his excellent work. Many assisted Tara Hohne Gale in producing Geo-Data, for which Gale thank’s Hendrick Isengingo them. Eastword Publications, Inc., of Cleveland, OH, Sarah Kunz contributed most of the research and writing required for David . Long the book’s text and tables, as well as typesetting the book. Daniel Lucas Their many contributors are acknowledged below, but John McCoy Gale would like to give special thanks to Eastword’s Susan Edith Mirante Gall. All maps appearing in Geo-Data were created by Christine Sciulli XNR Productions of Madison, WI (Tanya Buckingham, Jeanne Marie Stumpf, Ph.D. Jon Daugherity, Laura Exner, Paul Exner, Andy Grosvold, Michelle Tackla Cory Johnson, Rob McCaleb, and Paula Robbins). Copy- Max White editing support was provided by Cathy Dybiec Holm, Rosalie Wieder John Krol, Christopher “Rollo” Romig, and Carrie Sny- der. The index was prepared by Synapse Corporation of We Welcome Your Suggestions Franktown, CO. Gale appreciates your comments and suggestions. Please Contributors direct all correspondence to: T. Anne Dabb Editor Karen Ellicott Geo-Data: The World Geographical Encyclopedia Susan Gall Gale Group Robert J. Groelsema, Ph.D. 27500 Drake Rd. Jim Farmington Hills, MI 48331–3535

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA xi Geodata.book Page 613 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

WORLD RANKINGS APPENDIX

Continents by area Islands by area All measurements are approximate Rank Continent Area (sq mi) Area (sq km) 1 17,139,445 44,391,162 Area Area 2 11,677,239 30,244,049 Rank Island Continent (sq mi) (sq km) 3 9,361,791 24,247,039 30 Marajo S. America 18,500 48,000 4 America 6,880,706 17,821,029 31 Alexander Antarctica Bellingshausen 16,700 43,200 5 Antarctica 5,500,000 14,245,000 32 Axel Heiberg N. America Ocean 16,700 43,200 6 3,997,929 10,345,636 33 Melville N. America Viscount Melville 16,300 42,100 7 2,967,909 7,686,884 Sound 34 Southampton N. America Husdon 15,900 41,200 35 West Europe 15,300 39,500 36 14,600 37,800 37 Taiwan Asia 13,892 35,980 38 Kyushu Asia Pacific Ocean 13,800 35,700 Islands by area 39 Asia South Sea 13,100 34,000 All measurements are approximate 40 Prince of Wales N. America Viscount Melville 12,900 33,300 Sound Area Area 41 Europe 12,800 33,300 Rank Island Continent Body of water (sq mi) (sq km) 42 Vancouver N. America Pacific Ocean 12,100 31,300 43 Timor Asia 10,200 26,300 1 Greenland N. America Atlantic Ocean 840,000 2,175,600 44 Europe Mediterranean 9,810 25,400 2 New Oceania Pacific Ocean 305,000 790,000 45 Somerset N. America Lancaster Sound 9,570 24,800 3 Asia 285,000 737,000 46 Europe Mediterranean 9,190 23,800 4 Africa 226,657 587,040 47 Bananal S. America 7,720 20,000 5 Baffin N. America 196,000 507,000 48 Halmahera Asia 6,950 18,000 6 Asia 164,000 425,000 49 Asia Pacific Ocean 6,860 17,800 7 Asia Pacific Ocean 88,000 228,000 50 Ceram Asia 6,620 17,200 8 Europe 84,400 219,000 51 Oceania 6,470 16,700 9 N. America Viscount Melville 83,900 217,000 52 Bathurst N. America Viscount Melville 6,190 16,000 Sound Sound 10 Ellesmere N. America Arctic Ocean 75,800 196,000 53 Prince Patrick N. America Arctic Ocean 6,120 15,800 11 (Celebes) Asia 67,400 174,000 54 North East Land Europe Barents Sea 5,790 15,000 12 (New Oceania Pacific Ocean 58,200 151,000 55 Flores Asia 5,520 14,300 Zealand) 56 Oktyabrskoy Asia Arctic Ocean 5,470 14,170 13 Asia Indian Ocean 50,000 129,000 Revolyutsii 14 (New Oceania Pacific Ocean 44,200 114,000 57 Asia Indian Ocean 5,160 13,400 Zealand) 58 King William N. America Queen Maud Gulf 5,060 13,100 15 N. America Atlantic Ocean 42,000 109,000 59 Samar Asia Pacific Ocean 5,050 13,100 16 N. America Sea 40,500 105,000 60 Negros Asia 4,900 12,700 17 Asia Pacific Ocean 40,400 105,000 61 Palawan Asia South China Sea 4,550 11,800 18 Europe Atlantic Ocean 39,769 103,000 62 Kotelnyy Asia Arctic Ocean 4,500 11,700 19 Asia Pacific Ocean 36,500 94,600 63 Panay Asia Sulu Sea 4,450 11,500 20 Ireland Europe Atlantic Ocean 32,500 84,100 64 Bangka Asia 4,370 11,320 21 Asia Pacific Ocean 30,100 78,000 65 Ellef Ringnes N. America Arctic Ocean 4,360 11,300 22 Asia 29,500 76,400 66 Bolshevik Asia Arctic Ocean 4,350 11,270 23 N. America Atlantic Ocean 29,200 75,600 67 Sumba Asia Indian Ocean 4,310 11,200 24 Banks N. America Arctic Ocean 27,000 70,000 68 Bylot N. America Baffin Bay 4,270 11,100 25 Asia Indian Ocean 25,332 65,610 69 N. America 4,243 10,990 26 Australia Indian Ocean 24,900 64,400 70 Dolak Asia 4,160 10,800 27 Devon N. America Baffin Bay 21,300 55,200 71 Oceania Pacific Ocean 4,040 10,500 28 Novaya Zemlya Europe North 18,900 48,900 72 Viti Levu Oceania Pacific Ocean 4,010 10,400 29 Grande de Tierra del S. America Atlantic Ocean 18,700 48,400 Fuego 73 Cape Breton N. America Atlantic Ocean 3,980 10,300

[continued] [continued]

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World Rankings Appendix

Islands by area Islands by area All measurements are approximate All measurements are approximate

Area Area Area Area Rank Island Continent Body of water (sq mi) (sq km) Rank Island Continent Body of water (sq mi) (sq km) 74 Bougainville Oceania Pacific Ocean 3,880 10,000 149 Tenerife Africa Atlantic Ocean 745 1,930 75 Mindoro Asia South China Sea 3,760 9,730 150 Mauritius Africa Indian Ocean 720 1,860 76 Prince Charles N. America 3,680 9,520 151 Skye Europe 643 1,670 77 Kodiak N. America Pacific Ocean 3,670 9,510 152 Fuerte Ventura Africa Atlantic Ocean 642 1,663 78 Asia Mediterranean 3,571 9,250 153 Zanzibar Africa Indian Ocean 640 1,656 79 Komsomolets Asia Arctic Ocean 3,480 9,010 154 Lesbos Europe 629 1,630 80 Buru Asia Banda Sea 3,470 9,000 155 Gran Canaria Africa Atlantic Ocean 592 1,530 81 Europe Mediterranean 3,370 8,720 156 Mexiana S. America Atlantic Ocean 592 1,530 82 Puerto Rico N. America Atlantic Ocean 3,350 8,680 157 Sao Luis S. America Atlantic Ocean 465 1,200 83 Oceania Pacific Ocean 3,340 8,650 158 Grande Comore Africa Indian Ocean 443 1,147 84 Disco N. America 3,310 8,580 159 Sao Tiago Africa Atlantic Ocean 384 995 85 Chiloe S. America Pacific Ocean 3,240 8,390 160 Pemba Africa Indian Ocean 380 984 86 Crete Europe Mediterranean 3,190 8,260 161 Santa Cruz S. America Pacific Ocean 358 927 87 Anticosti N. America Gulf of St. Lawrence 3,070 7,940 162 Margarita S. America Pacific Ocean 355 920 88 Wrangel Asia 2,820 7,300 163 Dahlac Africa 347 900 89 Asia 2,780 7,210 164 São Tomé Africa 330 854 90 Zealand Europe 2,710 7,020 165 Lanzarote Africa Atlantic Ocean 302 782 91 Cornwallis N. America Barrow Strait 2,700 7,000 166 Santo Antao Africa Atlantic Ocean 302 782 92 Wellington S. America Gulf 2,610 6,750 167 Madeira Africa Atlantic Ocean 286 741 93 Iturup (Etorofu) Asia Pacific Ocean 2,600 6,720 168 La Palma Africa Atlantic Ocean 256 662 94 Prince of Wales N. America Pacific Ocean 2,590 6,700 169 Fernandina S. America Pacific Ocean 253 655 95 Graham N. America Pacific Ocean 2,460 6,360 170 Boa Vista Africa Atlantic Ocean 239 620 96 East Falkland S. America Atlantic Ocean 2,440 6,310 171 San Salvador S. America Pacific Ocean 199 515 97 Melville Asia Timor Sea 2,400 6,220 172 Djerba Africa Gulf of Gabes 197 510 98 Novaya Sibir Asia 2,390 6,200 173 San Cristobal S. America Pacific Ocean 185 480 99 Kerguelen Antarctica Indian Ocean 2,320 6,000 174 Fogo Africa Atlantic Ocean 184 476 100 Andros N. America Grand Bahama Bank 2,300 5,960 175 Nzwani Africa 164 424 101 Prince Edward N. America Gulf of St. Lawrence 2,180 5,660 Channel Island 176 Mayotte Africa Mozambique 144 374 102 Asia Indian Ocean 2,170 5,620 Channel 103 Guadalcanal Oceania 2,170 5,630 104 Vanua Levu Oceania Pacific Ocean 2,140 5,530 105 Coats N. America 2,120 5,500 106 Santa Ines S. America Pacific Ocean 2,120 5,500 107 Asia Indian Ocean 2,100 5,430 108 Chicagof N. America Gulf of 2,080 5,400 109 Madura Asia Java Sea 2,040 5,290 Oceans and seas by area 110 Amund Ringnes N. America Peary Channel 2,030 5,260 All measurements are rounded to the nearest thousand 111 MacKenzie King N. America Hazen Strait 1,950 5,050 Island Area Area 112 Edge Europe Barents Sea 1,940 5,030 Rank Name (sq mi) (sq km) 113 Faddeyevskiy Asia Arctic Ocean 1,930 5,000 1 Pacific Ocean 60,060,000 155,557,000 114 Espiritu Santo Asia Coral Sea 1,930 5,000 2 Atlantic Ocean 29,638,000 76,762,000 115 Caviana S. America Atlantic Ocean 1,920 4,970 3 Indian Ocean 26,469,000 68,556,000 116 Grande de Gurupa S. America Amazon River 1,880 4,860 4 7,848,000 20,327,000 117 Vendsyssel -Thy Europe Skagerrak 1,810 4,680 5 Arctic Ocean 5,427,000 14,056,000 118 Malaita Oceania Pacific Ocean 1,750 4,530 6 Coral Sea 1,850,000 4,791,000 119 Long N. America Atlantic Ocean 1,723 4,462 7 1,492,000 3,864,000 120 Kangaroo Australia Indian Ocean 1,680 4,350 8 South China Sea (Nan Hai) 1,423,000 3,685,000 121 West Falkland S. America Atlantic Ocean 1,680 4,350 9 1,080,000 2,796,000 122 Hoste S. America Pacific Ocean 1,590 4,110 10 Caribbean Sea 1,063,000 2,753,000 123 Santa Isabel Oceania Pacific Ocean 1,550 4,010 11 971,000 2,515,000 124 Berkner Antarctica Weddell Sea 1,500 3,880 12 900,000 2,331,000 125 Isabela S. America Pacific Ocean 1,450 3,760 13 890,000 2,305,000 126 South S. America Atlantic Ocean 1,450 3,760 14 Bay of 839,000 2,173,000 127 Euboea Europe Aegean Sea 1,410 3,650 15 Sea of Okhotsk 614,000 1,590,000 128 Majorca Europe Mediterranean 1,400 3,630 16 Gulf of 596,000 1,544,000 129 Makira (San Oceania Pacific Ocean 1,350 3,500 Cristóbal) 17 Gulf of Guinea 592,000 1,533,000 130 Vaygach Europe Kara Sea 1,310 3,380 18 Barents Sea 542,000 1,405,000 131 Adelaide Antarctica 1,270 3,300 19 534,000 1,383,000 132 Waigeo Asia Pacific Ocean 1,250 3,250 20 512,000 1,327,000 133 Kolguyev Europe Barents Sea 1,240 3,200 21 Hudson Bay 476,000 1,233,000 134 Riesco S. America Strait of Magellan 1,200 3,110 22 465,000 1,205,000 135 Europe Baltic Sea 1,160 3,000 23 Bellinghausen Sea 430,000 1,110,000 136 Fyn Europe Baltic Sea 1,150 2,980 24 400,000 1,036,000 137 Zemlya Georga Europe Barents Sea 1,120 2,900 25 Arafura Sea 400,000 1,036,000 138 Zemlya Aleksandry Europe Barents Sea 1,080 2,800 26 400,000 1,036,000 139 Manitoulin N. America Lake Huron 1,068 2,766 27 Sea of 378,000 979,000 140 Sarema Europe Baltic Sea 1,030 2,680 28 376,000 975,000 141 Magdalena S. America Moraleda Channel 998 2,580 29 Sea 370,000 958,000 142 Reunion Africa Indian Ocean 970 2,512 30 East Siberian Sea 361,000 936,000 143 Navarino S. America Nassau Bay 955 2,470 31 347,000 900,000 144 Ross Antarctica 888 2,300 32 Kara Sea 341,000 883,000 145 Clarence S. America Strait of Magellan 863 2,240 33 309,000 800,000 146 Hinn Europe Norwegian Sea 849 2,200 34 (Dong Hai / Tung Hai) 290,000 752,000 147 Africa Bight of Bonny 779 2,020 35 Solomon Sea 278,000 720,000 148 Charcot Antarctica Bellingshausen Sea 772 2,000 36 270,000 700,000

[continued] [continued]

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World Rankings Appendix

Oceans and seas by area Ocean trenches by depth World Rankings All measurements are rounded to the nearest thousand Rank Name Ocean Depth (ft) Depth () Area Area 6 Kuril Trench Pacific 34,678 10,577 Rank Name (sq mi) (sq km) 7 New Britain Trench Pacific 31,657 9,655 37 Baffin Bay 268,000 695,000 8 Puerto Rico Trench Atlantic 31,037 9,466 38 Banda Sea 268,000 695,000 9 Bonin Trench Pacific 29,816 9,094 39 Drake Passage 240,000 620,000 10 Japan Trench Pacific 29,157 8,893 40 Timor Sea 237,000 615,000 11 South Sandwich Trench Atlantic 28,406 8,664 41 Andaman Sea 232,000 601,000 12 Trench Pacific 27,972 8,531 42 North Sea 232,000 601,000 13 - Trench Pacific 27,687 8,445 43 Davis Strait 230,000 596,000 14 Yap Trench Pacific 27,552 8,403 44 Chukchi Sea 225,000 582,000 15 Aleutian Trench Pacific 26,775 8,166 45 187,000 484,000 16 Roanche Gap Atlantic 26,542 8,095 46 184,000 476,000 17 Cayman Trench Atlantic 26,519 8,088 47 Celebes Sea 182,000 472,000 18 New Hebrides Trench Pacific 25,971 7,921 48 178,000 461,000 19 Ryukyu Trench Pacific 25,597 7,807 49 Red Sea 175,000 453,000 20 Java Trench Indian 24,744 7,547 50 Java Sea 167,000 433,000 21 Diamantina Trench Indian 24,249 7,396 51 Sulu Sea 162,000 420,000 22 Mid America Trench Pacific 22,297 6,801 52 (Huang Hai) 161,000 417,000 23 Brazil Basin Atlantic 22,274 6,794 53 Baltic Sea 147,000 382,000 24 Trench Indian 21,785 6,644 54 120,000 310,000 25 Vema Trench Indian 19,482 5,942 55 Molucca Sea 119,000 307,000 26 Agulhas Basin Indian 19,380 5,911 56 93,000 241,000 27 Ionian Basin Mediterranean 17,306 5,278 57 Gulf of 92,000 239,000 28 Basin Arctic 16,122 4,917 58 Gulf of St. Lawrence 92,000 239,000 59 Bismarck Sea 87,000 225,000 60 85,000 220,000 61 75,000 194,000 62 Ceram Sea 72,000 187,000 Rivers by length All measurements are approximate

Length Length Bays, gulfs, inlets and passages by area Rank Name Continent Country (mi) (km) All measurements are rounded to the nearest thousand 1 Africa , , 4,160 6,693 2 Amazon S. America Brazil, , Peru, 3,900 6,280 Venezuela Area Area 3 Mississippi- N. America U.S.A. 3,860 6,211 Rank Name Continent Country (sq mi) (sq km) Missouri 1 Asia India//Sri 839,000 2,173,000 4 Chang Jiang Asia China 3,434 5,525 Lanka ( or 2 N. America U.S.A./Cuba/Mexico 596,000 1,544,000 Yangtse) 3 Gulf of Guinea Africa // 592,000 1,533,000 5 Ob'- Asia , 3,335 5,380 6 Paraná S. America , Brazil, Paraguay 3,030 4,870 4 Gulf of Alaska N. America U.S.A./ 512,000 1,327,000 7 Huang He Asia China 2,903 4,671 5 Hudson Bay N. America Canada 476,000 1,233,000 (Huang-ho 6 Baffin Bay N. America Greenland/Canada 268,000 695,000 or Yellow) 7 Great Australia Australia Australia 187,000 484,000 8 Irtysh Asia Kazakhstan, Russia 2,760 4,441 Bight 9 Asia Russia 2,734 4,400 8 Gulf of Australia Australia 120,000 310,000 10 Asia China, Russia 2,719 4,350 Carpentaria 11 Congo (Zaire) Africa Angola, Dem. Rep. of the 2,700 4,344 9 Persian Gulf Asia Bahrain//Qatar/ 93,000 240,000 Congo, Rep. of the /U.A.. Congo 10 Gulf of St. N. America Canada 93,000 240,000 12 Mackenzie N. America Canada 2,635 4,290 Lawrence 13 Asia , China, , 2,600 4,200 11 Asia Cambodia/Thailand 92,000 239,000 Myanmar, Thailand, 12 Gulf of Aden Asia and Africa Somalia/ 85,000 220,000 13 Gulf of Asia Iran/U.A.E/Oman 70,000 181,000 14 Niger Africa Benin, Guinea, Mali, Niger, 2,594 4,184 14 N. America Mexico 62,000 161,000 Nigeria 15 Asia Vietnam/China 45,000 117,000 15 Asia Russia 2,566 4,129 16 Europe / 45,000 117,000 16 Missouri N. America U.S.A. 2,466 3,968 17 Africa Benin 26,000 67,000 17 Mississippi N. America U.S.A. 2,348 3,787 18 Asia / 25,000 65,000 18 Volga Europe Russia 2,293 3,689 19 N. America Canada 23,000 60,000 19 Ob' Asia Russia 2,270 3,650 20 N. America Canada 23,000 60,000 20 Euphrates Asia , , 2,235 3,596 21 Europe Finland/ 12,000 30,000 21 Purus S. America Brazil, Peru 2,100 3,380 22 Madeira S. America Brazil 2,013 3,241 23 Lower Asia Russia 2,000 3,220 Tunguska 24 Indus Asia Pakistan 1,988 3,200 25 São Francisco S. America Brazil 1,988 3,199 26 N. America Canada, U.S.A. 1,980 3,180 Ocean trenches by depth 27 N. America Mexico, U.S.A. 1,885 3,034 28 Brahmaputra Asia Bangladesh, China, India 1,800 2,900 (Jamuna) Rank Name Ocean Depth (ft) Depth (m) 29 Europe , , , 1,775 2,857 1 Mariana Trench Pacific 38,635 11,784 , , 2 Philippine Trench Pacific 37,720 11,505 , , 3 Trench Pacific 37,166 11,336 , 4 Izu Trench Pacific 36,850 11,239 30 Salween Asia China, Myanmar 1,770 2,849 5 Kermadec Trench Pacific 34,728 10,592 [continued] [continued]

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World Rankings Appendix

Rivers by length Rivers by drainage area All measurements are approximate In thousands of sq mi and sq km. All measurements are approximate

Length Length Drainage Drainage Rank Name Continent Country (mi) (km) basin basin 31 Darling Australia Australia 1,702 2,739 Rank Name Continent Country (sq mi) (sq km) 32 S. America Brazil 1,677 2,698 1 Amazon S. America Brazil, Colombia, Peru, 2,375 6,150 33 Nelson N. America Canada 1,660 2,671 Venezuela 34 Vilyuy Asia Russia 1,650 2,650 2 Congo (Zaire) Africa Angola, Dem. Rep. of 1,476 3,822 35 Africa Angola, Mozambique, 1,650 2,650 the Congo, Rep. of , , the Congo 3 Nile Africa Egypt, Sudan 1,293 3,349 4 Mississippi N. America U.S.A. 1,247 3,230 36 Murray Australia Australia 1,609 2,589 5 Paraná S. America Argentina, Brazil 1,197 3,100 37 Paraguay S. America Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay 1,584 2,549 Paraguay 38 Amu Dar'ya Asia , Tajikistan, 1,580 2,540 , 6 Ob'-Irtysh Asia Kazakhstan, Russia 1,154 2,990 7 Yenisey Asia Russia 996 2,580 39 Asia Russia 1,562 2,513 8 Lena Asia Russia 961 2,490 40 Asia Bangladesh, India 1,560 2,510 9 Niger Africa Benin, Guinea, Mali, 808 2,092 41 Ishim Asia Kazakhstan, Russia 1,520 2,450 Niger, Nigeria 42 Asia Kazakhstan, Russia 1,510 2,430 10 Amur (Hei-lung Asia China, Russia 716 1,855 chiang or 43 Japurá S. America Brazil, Colombia 1,500 2,414 Heilong Jiang) 44 Arkansas N. America U.S.A. 1,460 2,350 11 Chang Jiang Asia China 705 1,827 45 Colorado N. America U.S.A. 1,450 2,330 (Yangtze or 46 Dnieper Europe Belarus, Russia, Ukraine 1,420 2,290 Yangtse) 47 Negro S. America Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela 1,400 2,250 12 Mackenzie N. America Canada 690 1,787 48 Ubangi Africa Central African Rep., Dem. 1,400 2,253 13 Saint Lawrence N. America Canada, U.S.A. 550 1,424 Rep. of the Congo, Rep. 14 Volga Europe Russia 525 1,360 of the Congo 15 Zambezi Africa Angola, Mozambique, 514 1,331 49 Aldan Asia Russia 1,390 2,240 Namibia, Zambia, 50 Columbia- N. America Canada, U.S.A. 1,390 2,240 Zimbabwe Snake 16 Madeira S. America Brazil 463 1,200 51 Syr Dar'ya Asia Kazakhstan, , 1,370 2,200 17 Indus Asia Pakistan 450 1,165 Uzbekistan 18 Nelson N. America Canada 437 1,132 52 Araguaia S. America Brazil 1,366 2,198 19 Shatt al-Arab* Asia Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey 427 1,105 53 Olenek Asia Russia 1,350 2,170 20 Paraguay S. America Argentina, Paraguay 425 1,100 54 Irrawaddy Asia Myanmar 1,350 2,170 21 Murray Australia Australia 408 1,057 55 Kasai Africa Angola, Dem. Rep of the 1,338 2,153 22 Negro (Guainía) S. America Brazil 386 1,000 Congo 23 Ganges Asia Bangladesh, India 368 952 56 Ohio- N. America U.S.A. 1,310 2,109 24 Kasai Africa Angola, Dem. Rep. of 349 904 Allegheny the Congo 57 Tarim Asia China 1,300 2,090 25 Orinoco S. America Venezuela 340 880 58 Orange Africa , Namibia, South 1,300 2,090 26 Orange Africa Lesotho, Namibia, 330 855 Africa 59 Orinoco S. America Venezuela 1,281 2,061 27 Yukon N. America Canada, U.S.A. 328 850 60 Shabeelle Africa Ethiopia, Somalia 1,250 2,011 28 Para S. America Brazil 323 836 61 Xingu S. America Brazil 1,230 1,979 29 Danube Europe Austria, Bulgaria, 315 816 62 Columbia N. America Canada, U.S.A. 1,214 1,953 Croatia, Germany, 63 Mamoré S. America Bolivia 1,200 1,931 Hungary, Romania, 64 Tigris Asia Iraq, Turkey 1,180 1,900 Ukraine, Slovakia, 65 Russia 1,160 1,870 Yugoslavia Dvina 30 Mekong Asia Cambodia, China, Laos, 313 811 66 Don Europe Russia 1,153 1,860 Myanmar, Thailand, 67 Angara Asia Russia 1,151 1,852 Vietnam 68 Kama Europe Russia 1,120 1,800 32 Okavango Africa Angola, 303 78531 69 Indigirka Asia Russia 1,112 1,789 Salado N. America Argentina 309 800 70 Pechora Europe Russia 1,112 1,789 33 Ubangi Africa Central African Rep., 298 773 71 Limpopo Africa Botswana, South Africa, 1,100 1,770 Dem. Rep. of the Mozambique Congo, Rep. of the 72 Salado S. America Argentina 1,110 1,770 Congo 73 Guaporé S. America Bolivia, Brazil 1,087 1,749 34 Huang He (Huang- Asia China 297 771 74 Tobol Asia Kazakhstan, Russia 1,042 1,677 ho or Yellow) 75 Snake N. America U.S.A. 1,038 1,670 35 Ob' Asia Russia 295 765 76 Red N. America U.S.A. 1,018 1,638 36 Aldan Asia Russia 281 729 77 Sénégal Africa Guinea, Mali, , 1,015 1,663 37 Shari Africa Cameroon, Chad 270 700 38 Columbia N. America Canada, U.S.A. 258 668 78 Churchill N. America Canada 1,000 1,613 39 Kolyma Asia Russia 248 648 79 Jubba Africa Ethiopia, Somalia 1,000 1,613 40 Colorado N. America Mexico, U.S.A. 247 640 80 Okavango Africa Angola, Botswana 1,000 1,613 41 São Francisco S. America Brazil 241 623 81 Pilcomayo S. America Argentina, Bolivia, 1,000 1,613 42 Guapore (Iténez) S. America Bolivia, Brazil 232 600 Paraguay 43 Brahmaputra Asia Bangladesh 224 580 82 Uruguay S. America Uruguay 1,000 1,613 44 Panjnad Asia India, Pakistan 206 533 83 Volta Africa Burkina Faso, 992 1,600 45 Ohio-Allegheny N. America U.S.A. 204 528 46 Sungari Asia China 202 524 47 Kama Europe Russia 196 507 48 Dnieper Europe Belarus, Russia, Ukraine 195 504 49 Lower Tunguska Asia Russia 183 473 50 Tapajós S. America Brazil 179 463 51 Volta Africa Burkina Faso, 154 398 Ghana 52 Northern Dvina Europe Russia 138 357

*The Shatt al-Arab is the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers.

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World Rankings Appendix

Rivers by discharge rate Lakes by area World Rankings All measurements are approximate All measurements are approximate

Discharge Discharge Area Area rate (cu ft rate (cu m Rank Name Continent Country (sq mi) (sq km) Rate River Continent Country per sec) per sec) 1 Asia , Iran, 143,000 371,000 1 Amazon S. America Brazil, Colombia, Peru, 6,180,000 175,000 Kazakhstan, Russia, Venezuela Turkmenistan 2 Congo (Zaire) Africa Angola, Dem. Rep. of 1,377,000 39,000 2 Superior N. America Canada, U.S.A. 31,820 82,732 the Congo 3 Victoria Africa Uganda, , 26,828 69,484 3 Negro (Guainía) S. America Brazil 1,236,000 35,000 4 Asia Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan 24,900 64,500 4 Chang Jiang Asia China 1,137,000 32,190 5 Huron N. America Canada, U.S.A. 23,000 59,570 (Yangtze or 6 Michigan N. America U.S.A. 22,400 58,020 Yangtse) 7 Tanganyika Africa Burundi, Dem. Republic 12,700 32,020 5 Orinoco S. America Venezuela 890,000 25,200 of the Congo, Tanzania, 6 Paraná S. America Argentina, Brazil, 809,000 22,900 Zambia Paraguay 8 Baikal Asia Russia 12,160 31,500 7 Madeira S. America Brazil 770,000 21,800 9 Great Bear N. America Canada 12,095 31,328 8 Brahmaputra Asia Bangladesh, China, 678,000 19,200 10 Great Slave N. America Canada 11,030 28,570 India 11 Erie N. America Canada, U.S.A. 9,920 25,690 9 Yenisey Asia Russia 622,000 17,600 12 Winnipeg N. America Canada 9,420 24,390 10 Lena Asia Russia 586,000 16,600 13 Africa Malawi, Mozambique, 8,680 22,490 11 Mississippi N. America U.S.A. 531,000 15,040 Tanzania, 12 Mekong Asia Cambodia, China, 501,000 14,200 14 Ontario N. America Canada, U.S.A. 7,440 19,240 Laos, Myanmar, 15 Balkhash Asia Kazakhstan 7,030 18,200 Thailand, Vietnam 16 Ladoga Russia Russia 7,000 18,130 13 Irrawaddy Asia Myanmar 447,000 12,660 17 Maracaibo S. America Venezuela 5,020 13,010 14 Zhu (Pearl) Asia China 441,000 12,500 18 Chad Africa Cameroon, Chad, Niger, 4,000– 10,360– 15 Ganges Asia Bangladesh, India 440,000 12,460 Nigeria 10,000 25,900 16 Ob'-Irtysh Asia Russia 438,000 12,400 19 Embalse del Río S. America Uruguay 4,000 10,360 17 St. Lawrence N. America Canada, U.S.A. 355,000 10,050 Negro 18 Salween Asia Myanmar 353,000 10,000 20 Patos S. America Brazil 3,920 10,153 19 Kasai Africa Rep. of the Congo, 351,000 9,951 21 Onega Europe Russia 3,750 9,720 Dem. Rep. of the 22 Eyre Australia Australia 3,668 9,500 Congo 23 Volta Africa Ghana 3,276 8,485 20 Amur (Hei-lung Asia China, Russia 349,000 9,860 24 Titicaca S. America Bolivia, Peru 3,200 8,288 chiang or 25 Nicaragua S. America Nicaragua 3,150 8,160 Heilong Jiang) 26 Athabasca N. America Canada 3,060 7,940 21 Mackenzie N. America Canada 316,000 8,940 27 Reindeer N. America Canada 2,570 6,650 22 Para S. America Brazil 305,000 8,630 28 Smallwood N. America Canada 2,500 6,460 23 Volga Europe Russia 285,000 8,060 Reservoir 24 Magdalena S. America Colombia 283,000 8,000 29 Turkana (Rudolf) Africa Ethiopia, Kenya 2,473 6,405 25 Ohio N. America U.S.A. 272,000 7,710 30 Issyk Kul Asia Kyrgyzstan 2,360 6,100 26 Solo Asia Indonesia 268,000 7,600 31 Torrens Australia Australia 2,230 5,780 27 Ubangi Africa Central African Rep., 265,000 7,500 32 Albert Africa Dem. Republic of the 2,160 5,590 Rep. of the Congo, Congo, Uganda Dem. Rep. of the 33 Vanern Europe Sweden 2,160 5,580 Congo 34 Netilling N. America Canada 2,140 5,540 28 Zambezi Africa Angola, Mozambique, 250,000 7,070 35 Winnipegosis N. America Canada 2,070 5,370 Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe 36 Nasser Africa Egypt, Sudan 2,026 5,248 29 Caqueta S. America Brazil 247,000 7,000 37 Bangweulu Africa Zambia 1,930 5,000 31 Indus Asia Pakistan 235,000 6,640 38 Chott el Djerid Africa 1,930 5,000 32 Yukon N. America Canada, U.S.A. 223,000 6,310 39 Urmia Asia Iran 1,879 4,868 33 Danube Europe Austria, Bulgaria, 221,000 6,250 40 Nipigon N. America Canada 1,870 4,850 Croatia, Germany, 41 Gairdner Australia Australia 1,840 4,770 Hungary, Romania, 42 Manitoba N. America Canada 1,800 4,660 Ukraine, Slovakia, 43 Kyoga Africa Uganda 1,710 4,430 Yugoslavia 44 Khanka Asia China, Russia 1,700 4,400 34 Araguaia S. America Brazil 217,000 6,140 45 Saimaa Europe Finland 1,700 4,403 35 Tapajos-Juruena S. America Brazil 212,000 6,000 46 Mweru Africa Dem. Republic of the 1,680 4,350 36 Niger Africa Benin, Guinea, Mali, 201,000 5,700 Congo Niger, Nigeria 47 Great Salt N. America U.S.A. 1,680 4,350 37 Uruguay S. America Argentina, Brazil, 194,000 5,490 48 (Koko) Asia China 1,625 4,209 Uruguay 49 Woods N. America Canada 1,580 4,100 38 Columbia N. America Canada, U.S.A. 194,000 5,490 50 Taymyr Asia Russia 1,540 3,990 39 Branco S. America Brazil 191,000 5,400 51 Nasser Africa Egypt 1,522 3,942 40 Aldan Asia Russia 177,000 5,010 52 Orumiyeh Asia Iran 1,500 3,880 41 Putumayo S. America Brazil 177,000 5,010 53 Dubawnt N. America Canada 1,480 3,830 42 Ob Asia Russia 174,000 4,920 54 Van Asia Turkey 1,430 3,710 43 Atrato S. America Colombia 173,000 4,900 55 Tana Africa Ethiopia 1,390 3,600 44 Caroni S. America Venezuela 168,000 4,750 56 Peipus Europe Estonia, Russia 1,386 3,555 45 Ogooue Africa 165,000 4,670 57 Uvs Asia 1,300 3,366 46 Fly Asia 157,000 4,450 47 Paraguay S. America Argentina, Brazil, 155,000 4,400 Paraguay 48 Chindwin Asia Myanmar 141,000 4,000 48 Jurua S. America Brazil 141,000 4,000 48 Pechora Europe Russia 141,000 4,000 49 Northern Dvina Europe Russia 120,000 3,400 49 Fraser N. America Canada 120,000 3,400 50 Lower Tunguska Asia Russia 117,000 3,300 51 Kama Europe Russia 99,000 2,800

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World Rankings Appendix

Lakes by depth Lakes by volume

Depth Depth Volume Volume Rank Lake Continent Country (ft) (m) Rank Lake Continent Country (cu mi) (cu km) 1 Baikal Asia Russia 5,315 1,621 1 Caspian Sea Asia Azerbaijan, Iran, 18,882 78,707 2 Tanganyika Africa Burundi, Tanzania, Dem. 4,825 1,471 Kazakhstan, Russia, Republic of the Congo, Turkmenistan Zambia 2 Baikal Asia Russia 5,517 22,995 3 Caspian Sea Asia Azerbaijan, Iran, 3,363 1,025 3 Tanganyika Africa Burundi, Tanzania, 4,391 18,304 Kazakhstan, Russia, Democratic Republic of Turkmenistan the Congo, Zambia 4 Malawi Africa Malawi, Tanzania, 2,316 706 4 Superior N. America Canada, USA 2,921 12,174 Mozambique 5 Malawi Africa Malawi, Tanzania, 1,473 6,140 5 Issyk Kul Asia Kyrgyzstan 2,303 702 Mozambique 6 Great Slave N. America Canada 2,015 614 6 Michigan N. America USA 1,169 4,874 7 Matana Asia Indonesia 1,936 590 7 Huron N. America Canada, USA 858 3,575 8 Crater N. America U.S.A. 1,932 589 8 Victoria Africa Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda 604 2,518 9 Toba Asia Indonesia 1,736 529 9 Great Bear N. America Canada 550 2,292 10 Hornindals Europe 1,686 514 10 Great Slave N. America Canada 542 2,258 11 Sarez Asia Tajikistan 1,657 505 11 Issyk Kul Asia Kyrgyzstan 420 1,725 12 Tahoe N. America U.S.A. 1,645 501 12 Ontario N. America Canada, USA 369 1,539 13 Chelan N. America U.S.A. 1,605 489 13 Aral Sea Asia Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan 348 1,450 14 Kivu Africa Rwanda, Dem. Republic of 1,575 480 14 Ladoga Russia Russia 218 905 the Congo 15 Titicaca S. America Bolivia, Peru 198 827 15 Quesnel N. America Canada 1,560 475 16 Erie N. America Canada, USA 111 462 16 Sals Europe Norway 1,522 464 17 Winnipeg N. America Canada 89 370 17 N. America Canada 1,500 457 18 Hovsgol Asia Mongolia 88 367 18 Mjøsa Europe Norway 1,473 449 19 Kivu Africa Rwanda Congo, Dem. 80 333 19 Manapuri Oceania 1,453 443 Republic of 20 Poso Asia Indonesia 1,444 440 20 Onega Europe Russia 70 285 21 Nahuel Huapi S. America Argentina 1,437 438 21 Maracaibo S. America Venezuela 67 280 22 Asia Israel, 1,421 433 23 Tazawa Asia Japan 1,394 425 24 Great Bear N. America Canada 1,356 413 25 Como Europe 1,352 412 26 Superior N. America Canada, U.S.A. 1,333 406 27 Hawea Asia New Zealand 1,286 392 28 Wakatipu Asia New Zealand 1,240 378 , shelves, and related features, by area 29 Suldals Europe Norway 1,234 376 Only named features are included in this list. All measurements are 30 Maggiore Europe Italy, 1,221 372 approximate. Also note that glaciers and similar features can vary in size 31 Fyres Europe Norway 1,211 369 over time. 32 Chilko N. America Canada 1,200 366 33 Pend Oreille N. America U.S.A. 1,200 366 34 Shikotsu Asia Japan 1,191 363 Area Area Rank Name Continent Country (sq mi) (sq km) 35 Powell N. America Canada 1,174 358 36 Llanquihue S. America Chile 1,148 350 1 Ice Shelf* Antarctica Antarctica 3,805,235– 9,855,570– 37 Garda Europe Italy 1,135 346 4,619,957 11,965,700 38 Towada Asia Japan 1,096 334 2 Greenland N. America Greenland 659,087 1,707,038 39 Wanaka Asia New Zealand 1,086 325 Ice Sheet 40 Bandak Europe Norway 1,066 325 3 Novaya Zemlya Ice Asia Russia 8,301– 21,500– 41 Telestskoya Asia Russia 1,066 325 Sheet 9,112 23,600 42 Eutsuk N. America Canada 1,060 323 4 Prince of Wales Ice N. America Canada 7,247 18,770 Field 43 Atitlan N. America Guatemala 1,050 320 5 Mer de Glace Europe Switzerland 6,216 16,100 44 Lunde Europe Norway 1,030 314 45 Geneva Europe France, Switzerland 1,017 310 6 N. America Canada 5,019 13,000 46 Morar Europe Scotland 1,017 310 Ice Cap 47 Kurile Asia Russia 1,004 306 7 Southern Patagonian S. America Argentina-Chile 5,019 13,000 48 Walker N. America U.S.A. 1,000 305 Ice Field 49 Titicaca S. America Bolivia, Peru 997 304 8 Bering N. America U.S.A. 3,800 9,800 50 Argentino S. America Argentina 984 300 9 Austfonna Ice Cap Europe Svalbard 3,248 8,413 51 Iliamna N. America U.S.A. 980 299 (dependency 52 Tyrifjorden Europe Norway 968 295 of Norway) 53 Lugano Europe Italy, Switzerland 945 288 10 Vatnajökull Ice Cap Europe Iceland 3,166–3,297 8,200–8,538 54 Takla N. America Canada 941 287 11 Akaioa Ice Cap N. America Canada 2,799 7,250 55 Ohrid Europe Albania, Yugoslavia 938 286 12 Malaspina Glacier** N. America U.S.A. 847–3,089 2,195–8,000 56 Atlin N. America Canada 930 283 13 Barnes Ice Cap N. America Canada 2,292 5,935 57 Nuyakuk N. America U.S.A. 930 283 14 Bering Glacier N. America Canada-U.S.A. 2,008 5,200 58 Michigan N. America U.S.A. 923 285 15 N. America Canada 1,969 5,100 59 Harrison N. America Canada 916 279 Ice Cap 60 Te Anau Oceania New Zealand 906 276 16 Northern Patagonian S. America Argentina-Chile 1,622 4,200 Ice Field 17 Hubbard Glacier N. America U.S.A. 1,313 3,400 18 Olav Land Europe Svalbard 1,158 3,000 Ice Field (Norway) 19 Kallstenius Ice Field N. America Greenland 1,050 2,720 20 Vestfonna Ice Cap Europe Svalbard 967 2,505 (Norway) 21 Juneau Icefield N. America U.S.A. 703 1,820 22 Skeidararjökull Europe Iceland 665 1,722 23 Asgardfonna Europe Svalbard 635 1,645 Ice Cap (Norway) 24 Edgeoyjokulen Europe Svalbard 512 1,300 Ice Cap (Norway)

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World Rankings Appendix

Glaciers, ice shelves, and related features, by area Deserts by area World Rankings Only named features are included in this list. All measurements are All measurements are approximate approximate. Also note that glaciers and similar features can vary in size over time. Area Area Rank Name Continent Country (sq mi) (sq km) Area Area 1 Africa , Chad, Egypt, 3,475,000 9,000,000 Rank Name Continent Country (sq mi) (sq km) Libya, Mali, Mauritania, 25 Breidamerkurujökull Europe Iceland 489 1,266.5 , Niger, 26 Glacier Bruggen S. America Argentina-Chile 488 1,265 Sudan, and (Pio XI) Tunisia 27 Hinlopenbreen Europe Svalbard 482–483 1,248–1,250 2 Arabian* Asia Saudi Arabia, 900,000 2,330,000 (Norway) Kuwait, Qatar, the 28 Negribreen Europe Svalbard 456 1,180 United Arab (Norway) Emirates, Oman, 29 Brasvellbreen Europe Svalbard 448 1,160 Yemen, Jordan, (Norway) Syria, Iraq 30 Etonbreen Europe Svalbard 413–440 1,070–1,140 3 Gobi Asia China, Mongolia 500,000 1,300,000 (Norway) 4 Kalahari Africa Botswana, Namibia, 360,000 930,000 31 Columbia Glacier N. America U.S.A. 422–425 1,093–1,100 South Africa 32 Asia India-Pakistan 386 1,000 5 Great Victoria Australia Australia 134,652 348,750 33 Langjökull Europe Iceland 368 953 6 Taklimakan Asia China 125,000 320,000 34 Leighbreen Europe Svalbard 357 925 (Takla Makan) (Norway) 7 Sonoran N. America United States of 120,000 310,000 35 Holtedahlfonna and Europe Svalbard 347 900 America, Mexico Isachsenfonna (Norway) 8 Kara-Kum Asia Kazakhstan, 115,830 300,000 36 Fedchenko Glacier Asia Tajikistan 347 900 Turkmenistan 37 Nabesna Glacier N. America U.S.A. 316 819 9 Kyzyl Kum Asia Kazakhstan, 115,000 297,850 38 Jostedalsbreen Europe Norway 315 815 Uzbekistan 39 Kvitoyjokulen Europe Svalbard 272 705 10 Africa Namibia, South 110,000 285,000 (Norway) Africa 40 Stonebreen Europe Svalbard 270 700 11 Great Sandy Australia Australia 103,185 267,250 (Norway) 12 Somali Africa Somalia 100,000 260,000 41 Myrdals Glacier Europe Iceland 268.3 695 13 Thar Asia India, Pakistan 90,000 233,000 42 Kronebreen Europe Svalbard 267.5 693 14 Tanami Australia Australia 71,235 184,500 (Norway) 15 Atacama S. America Chile, Peru 70,000 180,000 43 Taku Glacier Europe Svalbard 259 671 16 Simpson Australia Australia 68,150 176,500 (Norway) 17 Gibson Australia Australia 60,230 156,000 44 Hochstetterbreen Europe Svalbard 224.3 581 18 Little Sandy Australia Australia 43,050 111,500 Glacier (Norway) 45 Kahiltna Glacier N. America U.S.A. 223.9 580 * Two deserts are commonly referred to by this name. This entry refers to the deserts of 46 Barentsjokulen Europe Svalbard 220 571 the and not the Arabian of Egypt, which is part of the (Norway) Sahara. 47 Kennicott Glacier N. America U.S.A. 213 551 48 Shokalsky Glacier Asia Kazakhstan- 210.4 545 Kyrgyzstan 49 Balderfonna Europe Svalbard 209.7 543 (Norway) 50 Baird Glacier N. America U.S.A. 205 532 51 Muldrow Glacier N. America U.S.A. 199 516 peaks by height and continent 52 Asia Pakistan 70 181 All measurements are approximate. Note that many mountains have multiple 53 Aletsch Glacier Europe Switzerland 66 171 peaks, which will appear separately in the table. * Antarctic glaciers are difficult, if not impossible, to list by their surface area, because Antarctica is an effectively continuous ice mass and there is no easy way to determine Elevation Elevation the boundaries of a given glacier. Rank Name Country (ft) (m) ** Scientists do not agree on the size of this glacier; area measurements reported reflect Africa the range of research findings as of 2002. 1 Kibo (Mt. Kilimanjaro) Tanzania 19,340 5,895 2 Mawensi (Mt. Kilimanjaro) Tanzania 17,100 5,210 3 Batian (Mt. Kenya) Kenya 17,058 5,203 4 Nelion (Mt. Kenya) Kenya 17,020 5,190 5 Margherita Peak (Mt. Stanley) Dem. Rep. of the Congo, 16,756 5,110 Uganda 6 Alexandra Peak (Mt. Stanley) Dem. Rep. of the Congo, 16,700 5,094 Uganda 7 Albert Peak (Mt. Stanley) Dem. Rep. of the Congo 16,690 5,090 8 Savoia Peak (Mt. Stanley) Uganda 16,330 4,981 9 Elena Peak (Mt. Stanley) Uganda 16,300 4,972 10 Elizabeth Peak (Mt. Stanley) Uganda 16,170 4,932 11 Phillip Peak (Mt. Stanley) Uganda 16,140 4,923 12 Moebius Peak (Mt. Stanley) Uganda 16,130 4,920 13 Vittorio Emanuele (Mt. Speke) Uganda 16,040 4,892 14 Ensonga (Mt. Speke) Uganda 15,960 4,868 15 Johnston (Mt. Speke) Uganda 15,860 4,834 16 Edward (Mt. Baker) Uganda 15,890 4,846 17 Umberto (Mt. Emin) Dem. Rep. of the Congo 15,740 4,798 18 Semper (Mt. Baker) Uganda 15,730 4,795 19 Kraepelin (Mt. Emin) Dem. Rep. of the Congo 15,720 4,791 20 Iolanda (Mt. Gessi) Dem. Rep. of the Congo 15,470 4,751 21 Bottego (Mt. Gesi) Dem. Rep. of the Congo 15,418 4,699 22 Sella (Mt. Luigi) Dem. Rep. of the Congo 15,178 4,626 23 Ras Deshen Ethiopia 15,157 4,620 24 Weismann (Mt. Luigi) Dem. Rep. of the Congo 15,157 4,620 25 Okusoma (Mt. Luigi) Dem. Rep. of the Congo 15,020 4,578

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World Rankings Appendix

Mountain peaks by height and continent Mountain peaks by height and continent All measurements are approximate. Note that many mountains have multiple All measurements are approximate. Note that many mountains have multiple peaks, which will appear separately in the table. peaks, which will appear separately in the table.

Elevation Elevation Elevation Elevation Rank Name Country (ft) (m) Rank Name Country (ft) (m) Antarctica 7 Logan, north peak Canada 18,270 5,570 1 Vinson Antarctica 16,860 5,142 8 Saint Elias U.S.A., Canada 18,010 5,490 2 Tyree Antarctica 16,290 4,968 9 Popocatepetl Mexico 17,887 5,452 3 Shinn Antarctica 15,750 4,800 10 Foraker U.S.A. 17,400 5,300 4 Gardner Antarctica 15,370 4,690 11 Ixtacihuatl Mexico 17,342 5,286 5 Epperly Antarctica 15,100 4,600 12 Queen Canada 17,300 5,270 13 Lucania Canada 17,150 5,230 Asia 14 King Canada 16,970 5,170 1 Everest (Zhumulangma Feng) Nepal, China 29,030 8,850 15 Steele Canada 16,640 5,070 2 China, Pakistan 28,251 8,611 16 Bona U.S.A. 16,500 5,033 3 Kanchenjunga India, Nepal 28,169 8,586 17 Blackburn, highest peak U.S.A. 16,390 5,000 4 Lhotse China, Nepal 27,890 8,500 18 Blackburn, southeast peak U.S.A. 16,290 4,968 5 Makalu China, Nepal 27,824 8,481 19 Sanford U.S.A. 16,240 4,950 6 Kanchenjunga, south peak India, Nepal 27,800 8,479 20 Wood Canada 15,880 4,840 7 Kanchenjunga, west peak India, Nepal 27,620 8,424 8 Lhotse Shar China, Nepal 27,500 8,388 Oceania 9 Dhaulagiri Nepal 26,813 8,172 1 Indonesia 16,503 5,033 10 Manslu Nepal 26,775 8,155 2 Daam Indonesia 16,150 4,926 11 Cho Oyu China, Nepal 26,750 8,150 3 Pilimsit Indonesia 15,750 4,800 12 Nanga Parbat I Pakistan 26,660 8,130 4 Trikora Indonesia 15,580 4,752 13 Masherbrum I Pakistan 26,610 7,810 5 Mandala Indonesia 15,420 4,700 14 Annapurna I Nepal 26,500 8,080 6 Wisnumurti Indonesia 15,080 4,590 15 I Pakistan 26,470 8,070 7 Yamin Indonesia 14,860 4,530 16 Broad, highest peak Pakistan 26,400 8,050 8 Wilhelm 14,793 4,509 17 Gasherbrum II Pakistan 26,360 8,030 9 Kubor Papua New Guinea 14,300 4,360 18 Gosainthan China 26,290 8,010 10 Herbert Papua New Guinea 14,000 4,270 19 Broad, middle peak Pakistan 26,250 8,000 20 Gasherbrum III Pakistan 26,090 7,950 1 Aconcagua Argentina 22,835 6,960 21 Annapurna II Nepal 26,040 7,940 2 , southeast peak Argentina, Chile 22,573 6,880 22 Gasherbrum IV Pakistan 26,000 7,930 3 Bonete Argentina 22,550 6,870 23 Gyachung Kang China, Nepal 25,990 7,927 4 Pissis Argentina 22,240 6,780 24 Nanga Parbat II Pakistan 25,950 7,910 5 Mercedario Argentina 22,210 6,770 25 Kangbachen India, Nepal 25,930 7,909 6 Huascarán, south peak Peru 22,204 6,768 26 Manslu, east pinnacle Nepal 25,900 7,900 7 Llullaillaco Argentina, Chile 22,100 6,730 27 Distaghil Sar Pakistan 25,870 7,890 8 Libertador Argentina 22,050 6,720 28 Nuptse Nepal 25,850 7,880 9 Ojos del Salado, northwest peak Argentina, Chile 22,050 6,720 29 Himachuh Nepal 25,800 7,860 10 Tupungato Argentina, Chile 21,900 6,670 30 Khiangyang Kish Pakistan 25,760 7,850 11 Gonzalez, highest peak Argentina, Chile 21,850 6,664 31 Ngojumba Ri China, Nepal 25,720 7,847 12 Huascarán, north peak Peru 21,840 6,661 32 Dakura Nepal 25,710 7,842 13 Muerto Argentina, Chile 21,820 6,655 33 Masherbrum II Pakistan 25,660 7,826 14 Yerupaja, north peak Peru 21,760 6,630 34 Nanda Devi, west peak India 25,650 7,823 15 Incahuasi Argentina, Chile 21,700 6,610 35 Nanga Parbat III Pakistan 25,650 7,823 16 Galan Argentina 21,650 6,600 36 Rakaposhi Pakistan 25,550 7,793 17 Tres Cruces Argentina, Chile 21,540 6,560 37 Batura Mustagh I Pakistan 25,540 7,790 18 Gonzalez, north peak Argentina, Chile 21,490 6,550 38 GasherbrumV Pakistan 25,500 7,770 19 Sajama Bolivia 21,463 6,542 39 Kamet China, India 25,440 7,760 20 Yerupaja, south peak Peru 21,380 6,510 Europe 21 Chimborazo Ecuador 20,681 6,267 1 El'brus (Elborus), west peak Russia 18,481 5,633 2 El'brus (Elborus), east peak Russia 18,360 5,590 3 Georgia, Russia 17,064 5,205 4 Dykh, west peak Russia 17,050 5,200 5 Dykh, east peak Russia 16,900 5,150 6 Koshtan Russia 16,880 5,148 7 Pushkina Russia 16,730 5,100 Volcanoes by height 8 Kazbek, east peak Georgia 16,526 5,040 All measurements are approximate. 9 Dzhangi Georgia 16,520 5,039 10 Katyn Georgia, Russia 16,310 4,975 Elevation Elevation 11 Shota Rustaveli Georgia, Russia 16,270 4,962 Rank Name Continent Country (ft) (m) 12 Mizhirgi, west peak Russia 16,170 4,932 1 Tupungato S. America Chile 22,310 6,800 13 Mizhirgi, east peak Russia 16,140 4,923 2 Tipas S. America Argentina 21,845 6,660 14 Kundyum-Mizhirgi Russia 16,010 4,880 3 Cerro el Condor S. America Argentina 21,425 6,532 15 Gestola Georgia, Russia 15,930 4,860 4 Antofallo S. America Argentina 20,008 6,100 16 Tetnuld Georgia, Russia 15,920 4,850 5 Guallatiri S. America Chile 19,882 6,060 17 , peak France, Italy 15,772 4,810 6 Lascar S. America Chile 19,652 5,990 18 Dzhimariy Georgia 15,680 4,780 7 Cotopaxi S. America Ecuador 19,344 5,896 19 Adish Georgia, Russia 15,570 4,749 8 Kilimanjaro Africa Tanzania 19,341 5,895 20 Courmayer (Mont Blanc) France, Italy 15,577 4,748 9 El Misti S. America Peru 19,031 5,801 21 Ushba Georgia 15,450 4,710 10 N. America Mexico 18,702 5,700 North America 11 Tolima S. America Colombia 18,425 5,616 1 McKinley (), south peak U.S.A. 20,323 6,194 12 N. America Mexico 17,887 5,450 2 Logan, central peak Canada 19,550 5,959 13 Yucamani S. America Peru 17,860 5,444 3 Logan, west peak Canada 19,470 5,930 14 Sangay S. America Ecuador 17,159 5,230 4 McKinley (Denali), north peak U.S.A. 19,470 5,930 15 Tungurahua S. America Ecuador 16,684 5,085 5 Logan, east peak Canada 19,420 5,920 16 Cotacachi S. America Ecuador 16,250 4,939 6 Pico de Orizaba Mexico 18,701 5,700 17 Purace S. America Colombia 15,604 4,756

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620 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 621 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

World Rankings Appendix

Volcanoes by height Volcanoes by height World Rankings All measurements are approximate. All measurements are approximate.

Elevation Elevation Elevation Elevation Rank Name Continent Country (ft) (m) Rank Name Continent Country (ft) (m) 18 Klyuchevskaya Asia Russia 15,584 4,750 87 Pacaya N. America Guatemala 8,367 2,552 19 Kronotskaya Asia Russia 15,580 4,749 88 Mt. St. Helens N. America USA 8,366 2,550 20 Shiveluch Asia Russia 15,580 4,749 89 Asama Asia Japan 8,300 2,530 21 Pichincha S. America Ecuador 15,173 4,625 90 Pavlof N. America USA (Alaska) 8,261 2,518 22 Karasimbi Africa Dem. Rep. of 14,873 4,507 91 Veniaminof N. America USA (Alaska) 8,220 2,507 the Congo 92 Asia 8,077 2,462 23 Rainier N. America USA 14,410 4,395 93 Sinabung Asia Indonesia 8,066 2,460 24 Wrangell N. America USA (Alaska) 14,163 4,317 94 Yake Dake Asia Japan 8,049 2,455 25 Colima N. America Mexico 13,993 4,265 95 Tandikat Asia Indonesia 7,993 2,438 26 Tajumulco N. America Guatemala 13,845 4,220 96 Canalaon Asia Philippines 7,984 2,435 27 Mauna Kea Oceania USA (Hawaii) 13,796 4,205 97 Shoshuenco S. America Chile 7,941 2,422 28 Mauna Loa Oceania USA (Hawaii) 13,680 4,170 98 Idjen Asia Indonesia 7,823 2,386 29 Cameroon Africa Cameroon 13,353 4,070 99 Izalco N. America El Salvador 7,828 2,386 30 Tacana N. America Guatemala 13,300 4,053 100 Karthala Africa Comoros 7,746 2,361 31 Kerintji Asia Indonesia 12,483 3,805 101 Alaid Asia Russia 7,669 2,339 32 Antarctica Antarctica 12,448 3,794 102 Bromo Asia Indonesia 7,636 2,329 33 Fuji Asia Japan 12,388 3,776 103 Griggs N. America USA (Alaska) 7,597 2,317 34 Fuego N. America Guatemala 12,346 3,763 104 Ulawun Oceania Papua New 7,546 2,300 35 Agua N. America Guatemala 12,307 3,751 Guinea 36 Rindjani Asia Indonesia 12,224 3,726 105 Sibajak Asia Indonesia 7,541 2,300 37 Pico de Africa (Canary 12,198 3,718 106 Ngauruhoe Oceania New Zealand 7,515 2,291 Is.) 107 Europe Is. 7,470 2,277 38 Tolbachik Asia Russia 12,077 3,682 (dependency 39 Semeru Asia Indonesia 12,060 3,676 of Norway) 40 Ichinskaya Asia Russia 11,800 3,621 108 Guntur Asia Indonesia 7,377 2,249 41 Atitlan N. America Guatemala 11,650 3,551 109 Bamus Oceania Papua New 7,338 2,248 42 Torbert N. America USA (Alaska) 11,450 3,480 Guinea 43 Nyirangongo Africa Dem. Rep. of 11,365 3,465 110 Puyehue S. America Chile 7,331 2,236 the Congo 111 Chokai Asia Japan 7,314 2,229 44 Kroyakskaya Asia Russia 11,336 3,456 112 Butak Petarangan Asia Indonesia 7,285 2,222 45 Irazu S. America Costa Rica 11,260 3,432 113 Galunggung Asia Indonesia 7,113 2,168 46 Slamet Asia Indonesia 11,247 3,428 114 Mageik N. America USA (Alaska) 7,098 2,165 47 Spurr N. America USA (Alaska) 11,137 3,385 115 Douglas N. America USA (Alaska) 7,016 2,140 48 Lautaro S. America Chile 11,120 3,380 116 Amburombu Asia Indonesia 6,964 2,124 49 Sumbing Asia Indonesia 11,060 3,371 117 San Miguel N. America El Salvador 6,957 2,120 50 Raung Asia Indonesia 10,932 3,332 118 Tokachi Asia Japan 6,814 2,077 51 Etna Europe Italy 10,902 3,323 119 Chiginagak N. America USA (Alaska) 6,777 2,067 52 Baker N. America USA 10,778 3,285 120 Azuma Asia Japan 6,775 2,065 53 Lassen N. America USA 10,492 3,187 121 Queen Mary's Africa Tristan da 6,760 2,060 54 Dempo Asia Indonesia 10,390 3,158 Peak Cunha 55 Sundoro Asia Indonesia 10,367 3,151 (dependency 56 Agung Asia Indonesia 10,337 3,142 of the United 57 Prahu Asia Indonesia 10,285 3,137 Kingdom) 58 Llaima S. America Chile 10,245 3,125 122 Katmai N. America USA (Alaska) 6,715 2,047 59 Redoubt N. America USA (Alaska) 10,197 3,108 123 Kukak N. America USA (Alaska) 6,688 2,040 60 Tjiremai Asia Indonesia 10,098 3,078 124 Makushin N. America USA (Alaska) 6,678 2,035 61 One-Take Asia Japan 10,056 3,067 125 Calbuco S. America Chile 6,567 2,003 62 Nyamulagira Africa Dem. Rep. of 10,026 3,056 126 Pogromni N. America USA (Alaska) 6,564 2,002 the Congo 127 Niigata Yakeyama Asia Japan 6,557 2,000 63 Iliamna N. America USA (Alaska) 10,016 3,053 128 Tongariro Oceania New Zealand 6,516 1,986 64 Ardjuno-Welirang Asia Indonesia 9,968 3,038 129 Zheltovskaya Asia Russia 6,403 1,953 65 San Pedro N. America Guatemala 9,902 3,020 130 Kaba Asia Indonesia 6,400 1,952 66 Gede Asia Indonesia 9,705 2,958 131 Sangeang Api Asia Indonesia 6,390 1,949 67 Zhupanovsky Asia Russia 9,705 2,958 132 Nasu Asia Japan 6,289 1,917 68 Apo Asia Philippines 9,692 2,954 133 Rincon de la Vieja S. America Costa Rica 6,282 1,916 69 Merapi Asia Indonesia 9,551 2,911 134 Hudson S. America Chile 6,246 1,905 70 Marapi Asia Indonesia 9,479 2,891 135 Trident N. America USA (Alaska) 6,111 1,864 71 Geureudong Asia Indonesia 9,459 2,885 136 Awu Asia Indonesia 6,102 1,860 72 Bezymianny Asia Russia 9,449 2,882 137 Martin N. America USA (Alaska) 6,098 1,860 73 Shishaldin N. America USA (Alaska) 9,372 2,856 138 Soputan Asia Indonesia 5,994 1,827 74 Tambora Asia Indonesia 9,350 2,850 139 Tiatia Asia Russia 5,964 1,819 75 Villarrica S. America Chile 9,318 2,840 140 Manam Oceania Papua New 5,925 1,807 76 Fogo Africa 9,281 2,829 Guinea 77 Ruapehu Oceania New Zealand 9,175 2,796 141 N. America USA (Alaska) 5,921 1,806 78 Peuetsagoe Asia Indonesia 9,115 2,780 142 Siau Asia Indonesia 5,830 1,778 79 Paricutin N. America Mexico 9,100 2,775 143 El Viejo (San N. America Nicaragua 5,721 1,745 Cristobal) 80 Big Ben Antarctica Heard Island 9,006 2,745 (dependency 144 Great Sitkin N. America USA (Alaska) 5,705 1,740 of Australia) 145 Kelud Asia Indonesia 5,679 1,731 81 Balbi Oceania Papua New 8,999 2,743 146 Cleveland N. America USA (Alaska) 5,672 1,730 Guinea 147 Batur Asia Indonesia 5,630 1,717 82 Avachinskaya Asia Russia 8,987 2,741 148 Europe Iceland 4,954 1,510 83 Antarctica Antarctica 8,957 2,732 149 La Soufriere N. America Guadeloupe 4,813 1,467 84 Poas N. America Costa Rica 8,872 2,704 (dependency 85 Papandajan Asia Indonesia 8,744 2,665 of France) 86 Piton de la Africa Reunion 8,626 2,631 150 Lopevi Oceania 4,744 1,447 Faournaise (dependency 151 Pelée N. America Martinique 4,583 1,397 of France) (dependency of France) [continued] [continued]

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World Rankings Appendix

Volcanoes by height Countries and selected dependencies, by area All measurements are approximate. Percent of Elevation Elevation Area Area world land Rank Name Continent Country (ft) (m) Rank Country Continent (sq mi) (sq km) area 152 Catarman Asia Philippines 4,367 1,332 1 Russia Asia/Europe 6,592,735 17,075,200 11 153 Vesuvius Europe Italy 4,190 1,277 2 Antarctica Antarctica 5,405,000 14,000,000 9.4 154 Soufrière S. America St. Vincent and 4,048 1,234 3 Canada N. America 3,851,788 9,976,140 6.7 the 4 U.S.A. N. America 3,717,792 9,629,091 6.4 Grenadines 5 China Asia 3,705,386 9,596,960 6.4 6 Brazil S. America 3,286,470 8,511,965 5.7 7 Australia Australia 2,967,893 7,686,850 5.1 8 India Asia 1,269,338 3,287,590 2.3 9 Argentina S. America 1,072,157 2,776,890 1.9 10 Kazakhstan Asia 1,049,150 2,717,300 1.8 11 Sudan Africa 967,493 2,505,810 1.7 by height 12 Algeria Africa 919,590 2,381,740 1.6 All measurements are approximate. If a waterfall has multiple cascades they 13 Congo, Dem. Rep. Africa 905,563 2,345,410 1.6 are listed separately. of the 14 Greenland N. America 840,000 2,175,600 1.5 15 Mexico N. America 761,606 1,972,550 1.3 Height Height 16 Saudi Arabia Asia 756,984 1,960,582 1.3 Rank Name Continent Country (ft) (m) 17 Indonesia Asia 741,096 1,919,440 1.3 1 (upper falls) S. America Venezuela 2,648 807 18 Libya Africa 679,358 1,759,540 1.2 2 Utigord Europe Norway 2,625 800 19 Iran Asia 636,293 1,648,000 1.1 3 Monge Europe Norway 2,539 774 20 Mongolia Asia 604,247 1,565,000 1.0 4 Mtarazi (Mutarazi) Africa Mozambique, 2,500 760 21 Peru S. America 496,223 1,285,220 0.9 Zimbabwe 22 Chad Africa 495,755 1,284,000 0.9 5 Itatinga S. America Brazil 2,060 628 23 Niger Africa 489,189 1,267,000 0.8 6 Cuquenán (Kukenaam) S. America Guyana, Venezuela 2,000 610 24 Angola Africa 481,350 1,246,700 0.8 7 Kahiwa N. America U.S.A. (Hawaii) 1,750 533 25 Mali Africa 478,764 1,240,000 0.8 8 Tysse (Tusse) Europe Norway 1,749 533 26 South Africa Africa 471,008 1,219,912 0.8 9 Maradalsfos Europe Norway 1,696 517 27 Colombia S. America 439,733 1,138,910 0.8 10 Ribbon N. America U.S.A. 1,612 491 28 Ethiopia Africa 435,184 1,127,127 0.8 11 Roraima S. America Guyana 1,500 457 29 Bolivia S. America 424,162 1,098,580 0.7 12 Della N. America Canada 1,445 440 30 Mauritania Africa 397,953 1,030,700 0.7 13 Yosemite, Upper N. America U.S.A. 1,430 436 31 Egypt Africa 386,660 1,001,450 0.7 14 Gavarnie Europe France 1,385 422 32 Tanzania Africa 364,879 945,037 0.6 15 Tugela (highest falls Africa South Africa 1,350 411 33 Nigeria Africa 356,667 923,768 0.6 in chain) 34 Venezuela S. America 352,143 912,050 0.6 16 Krimml Europe Austria 1,250 380 35 Namibia Africa 318,694 825,418 0.6 17 Silver Strand N. America U.S.A. 1,170 357 36 Pakistan Asia 310,401 803,940 0.5 18 Basaseachic N. America Mexico 1,020 311 37 Mozambique Africa 309,494 801,590 0.5 19 Staubbach Europe Switzerland 980 299 38 Turkey Asia 301,382 780,580 0.5 20 Vettis Europe Norway 902 275 39 Chile S. America 292,258 756,950 0.5 21 King George VI S. America Guyana 850 260 40 Zambia Africa 290,584 752,614 0.5 22 Wallaman Oceania Australia 850 260 41 Myanmar Asia 261,969 678,500 0.5 23 Takakkaw N. America Canada 838 254 42 Afghanistan Asia 250,000 647,500 0.4 24 Hunlen N. America Canada 830 253 43 Somalia Africa 246,199 637,657 0.4 25 Jog (Gersoppa) Asia India 830 253 44 Central African Africa 240,534 622,984 0.4 26 Skykje Europe Norway 820 250 Republic 27 Sutherland, Upper Oceania New Zealand 815 248 45 Ukraine Europe 233,089 603,700 0.4 28 Sutherland, Middle Oceania New Zealand 751 229 46 Botswana Africa 231,803 600,370 0.4 29 Kaieteur S. America Guyana 741 226 47 Madagascar Africa 226,656 587,040 0.4 30 Wollomombi Oceania Australia 726 220 48 Kenya Africa 224,961 582,650 0.4 31 Kalambo Africa Tanzania, Zambia 704 215 49 France Europe 211,208 547,030 0.4 32 Fairy N. America U.S.A. 700 213 50 Yemen Asia 203,849 527,970 0.4 33 Feather N. America U.S.A. 640 195 51 Thailand Asia 198,455 514,000 0.3 34 Maletsunyane Africa Lesotho 630 192 52 Spain Europe 194,896 504,782 0.3 35 Bridalveil N. America U.S.A. 620 189 53 Turkmenistan Asia 188,455 488,100 0.3 36 Multnomah N. America U.S.A. 620 189 54 Cameroon Africa 183,567 475,440 0.3 37 Panther N. America Canada 600 183 55 Papua New Guinea Oceania 178,703 462,840 0.3 38 Voringfoss Europe Norway 597 182 56 Sweden Europe 173,731 449,964 0.3 39 N. America U.S.A. 594 181 57 Uzbekistan Asia 172,741 447,400 0.3 40 Angel, Lower S. America Venezuela 564 172 58 Morocco Africa 172,413 446,550 0.3 41 Augrabies Africa South Africa 480 146 59 Iraq Asia 168,753 437,072 0.3 (Aughrabies) 60 Paraguay S. America 157,046 406,750 0.3 42 Tully Oceania Australia 450 137 61 Zimbabwe Africa 150,803 390,580 0.3 43 Helmcken N. America Canada 450 137 62 Japan Asia 145,882 377,835 0.3 44 Nachi Asia Japan 430 131 63 Germany Europe 137,846 357,021 0.2 45 S. America Colombia 427 130 64 Congo, Rep. of Africa 132,047 342,000 0.2 46 Bridal Veil N. America Canada 400 122 65 Finland Europe 130,127 337,030 0.2 47 Illilouette N. America U.S.A. 370 113 66 Malaysia Asia 127,316 329,750 0.2 48 Yosemite, Lower N. America U.S.A. 320 98 67 Vietnam Asia 127,243 329,560 0.2 49 Twin N. America Canada 260 80 68 Norway Europe 125,181 324,220 0.2 69 Côte d’Ivoire Africa 124,502 322,460 0.2 70 Europe 120,728 312,685 0.2 71 Italy Europe 116,305 301,230 0.2 72 Philippines Asia 115,830 300,000 0.2 73 Ecuador S. America 109,483 283,560 0.2 74 Burkina Faso Africa 105,869 274,200 0.2 75 New Zealand Oceania 103,737 268,680 0.2 76 Gabon Africa 103,347 267,667 0.2

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World Rankings Appendix

Countries and selected dependencies, by area Countries and selected dependencies, by area World Rankings

Percent of Percent of Area Area world land Area Area world land Rank Country Continent (sq mi) (sq km) area Rank Country Continent (sq mi) (sq km) area 77 Guinea Africa 94,926 245,857 0.2 148 Macedonia Europe 9,781 25,333 0.02 78 United Kingdom Europe 94,525 244,820 0.2 149 N. America 8,867 22,966 0.02 79 Ghana Africa 92,100 238,540 0.2 150 Djibouti Africa 8,494 22,000 0.01 80 Romania Europe 91,699 237,500 0.2 151 El Salvador N. America 8,124 21,040 0.01 81 Laos Asia 91,428 236,800 0.2 152 Israel Asia 8,019 20,770 0.01 82 Uganda Africa 91,135 236,040 0.2 153 Europe 7,820 20,253 0.01 83 Guyana S. America 83,000 214,970 0.1 154 Oceania 7,054 18,270 0.01 84 Oman Asia 82,031 212,460 0.1 155 Kuwait Asia 6,880 17,820 0.01 85 Belarus Europe 80,154 207,600 0.1 156 Swaziland Africa 6,704 17,363 0.01 86 Kyrgyzstan Asia 76,640 198,500 0.1 157 Asia 5,640 14,609 0.01 87 Senegal Africa 75,749 196,190 0.1 158 Bahamas N. America 5,382 13,940 0.01 88 Syria Asia 71,498 185,180 0.1 159 Vanuatu Oceania 4,710 12,200 0.01 89 Cambodia Asia 69,900 181,040 0.1 160 Qatar Asia 4,416 11,437 0.01 90 Uruguay S. America 68,039 176,220 0.1 161 Gambia, The Africa 4,363 11,300 0.01 91 Tunisia Africa 63,170 163,610 0.1 162 Jamaica N. America 4,243 10,990 0.01 92 S. America 63,039 163,270 0.1 163 Asia 4,015 10,400 0.01 93 Bangladesh Asia 55,598 144,000 0.1 164 Cyprus Asia 3,571 9,250 0.01 94 Tajikistan Asia 55,251 143,100 0.1 165 Puerto Rico N. America 3,515 9,104 0.01 95 Nepal Asia 54,363 140,800 0.1 166 Asia 2,228 5,770 0.004 96 Europe 50,942 131,940 0.1 167 Trinidad and S. America 1,980 5,128 0.003 97 Nicaragua N. America 49,998 129,494 0.1 Tobago 98 Eritrea Africa 46,842 121,320 0.1 168 Cape Verde Africa 1,557 4,033 0.003 99 , 46,540 120,540 0.1 169 Oceania 1,104 2,860 0.002 (Democratic 170 Europe 998 2,586 0.002 People’s Republic 171 Comoros Africa 838 2,170 0.001 of) 172 Mauritius Africa 718 1,860 0.001 100 Malawi Africa 45,745 118,480 0.1 173 Guadeloupe N. America 687 1,780 0.001 101 Benin Africa 43,483 112,620 0.1 174 Martinique N. America 425 1,100 0.0007 102 Honduras N. America 43,278 112,090 0.1 175 São Tomé and Africa 386 1,001 0.0007 103 Africa 43,000 111,370 0.1 Príncipe 104 Bulgaria Europe 42,822 110,910 0.1 176 Netherlands Antilles N. America 371 960 0.0006 105 Cuba N. America 42,803 110,860 0.1 177 Dominica N. America 291 754 0.0005 106 Guatemala N. America 42,042 108,890 0.1 178 Tonga Oceania 289 748 0.0005 107 Iceland Europe 39,769 103,000 0.1 179 Oceania 277 717 0.0005 108 Yugoslavia Europe 39,517 102,350 0.1 180 Oceania 271 702 0.0005 109 Korea, 38,023 98,480 0.1 181 Asia 250 647.5 0.0004 (Republic of) 182 Bahrain Asia 239 620 0.0004 110 Hungary Europe 35,919 93,030 0.1 183 St. Lucia N. America 239 620 0.0004 111 Europe 35,672 92,391 0.1 184 Europe 181 468 0.0003 112 Jordan Asia 35,637 92,300 0.1 185 Palau Oceania 177 458 0.0003 113 French Guiana S. America 35,135 91,000 0.1 186 Seychelles Africa 176 455 0.0003 114 Azerbaijan Asia 33,436 86,600 0.1 187 Antigua and N. America 171 442 0.0003 115 Austria Europe 32,378 83,858 0.1 Barbuda 116 United Arab Asia 32,000 82,880 0.1 188 Barbados N. America 166 430 0.0003 Emirates 189 Turks & Caicos N. America 166 430 0.0003 117 Europe 30,450 78,866 0.1 Islands 118 N. America 30,193 78,200 0.1 190 Saint Vincent and N. America 150 389 0.0003 119 Africa 27,699 71,740 0.05 the Grenadines 120 Ireland Europe 27,135 70,280 0.05 191 Virgin Islands N. America 136 352 0.0002 121 Georgia Asia 26,911 69,700 0.05 192 Grenada N. America 131 340 0.0002 122 Sri Lanka Asia 25,332 65,610 0.04 193 Europe 122 316 0.0002 123 Lithuania Europe 25,174 65,200 0.04 194 Asia 115 300 0.0002 124 Europe 24,938 64,589 0.04 195 St. Kitts and Nevis N. America 101 261 0.0002 125 Africa 21,925 56,785 0.04 196 Cayman Islands N. America 100 259 0.0002 126 Croatia Europe 21,831 56,542 0.04 197 Aruba S. America 75 193 0.0001 127 Bosnia and Europe 19,741 51,129 0.03 198 Oceania 70 181.3 0.0001 Herzegovina 199 Europe 62 160 0.0001 128 Costa Rica N. America 19,730 51,100 0.03 200 British Virgin N. America 58 150 0.0001 129 Slovakia Europe 18,859 48,845 0.03 Islands 130 Dominican N. America 18,815 48,730 0.03 201 Anguilla N. America 35 91 0.0001 Republic 202 Europe 24 61.2 -- 131 Asia 18,147 47,000 0.03 203 Bermuda N. America 23 58.8 -- 132 Estonia Europe 17,462 45,226 0.03 204 Oceania 10 26 -- 133 Europe 16,638 43,094 0.03 205 Oceania 8.1 21 -- 134 Netherlands Europe 16,033 41,526 0.03 206 Europe 0.7 1.95 -- 135 Switzerland Europe 15,942 41,290 0.03 207 Vatican City Europe 0.17 0.44 -- 136 Guinea-Bissau Africa 13,946 36,120 0.02 137 Taiwan Asia 13,892 35,980 0.02 138 Moldova Europe 13,067 33,843 0.02 139 Europe 11,780 30,510 0.02 140 Lesotho Africa 11,720 30,355 0.02 141 Asia 11,506 29,800 0.02 142 Albania Europe 11,100 28,748 0.02 143 Asia 10,985 28,450 0.02 144 Equatorial Guinea Africa 10,831 28,051 0.02 145 Burundi Africa 10,745 27,830 0.02 146 Haiti N. America 10,714 27,750 0.02 147 Rwanda Africa 10,169 26,338 0.02

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World Rankings Appendix

Countries and selected dependencies, by population Countries and selected dependencies, by population

Population Population Rank Country Continent (July 2001) Rank Country Continent (July 2001) 1 China Asia 1,273,111,290 78 Hungary Europe 10,106,017 2 India Asia 1,029,991,145 79 Portugal Europe 10,066,253 3 U.S.A. N. America 278,058,881 80 Zambia Africa 9,770,199 4 Indonesia Asia 228,437,870 81 Tunisia Africa 9,705,102 5 Brazil S. America 174,468,575 82 Sweden Europe 8,875,053 6 Russia Asia/Europe 145,470,197 83 N. America 8,581,477 7 Pakistan Asia 144,616,639 84 Bolivia S. America 8,300,463 8 Bangladesh Asia 131,269,860 85 Austria Europe 8,150,835 9 Japan Asia 126,771,662 86 Azerbaijan Asia 7,771,092 10 Nigeria Africa 126,635,626 87 Bulgaria Europe 7,707,495 11 Mexico N. America 101,879,171 88 Guinea Africa 7,613,870 12 Germany Europe 83,029,536 89 Somalia Africa 7,488,773 13 Philippines Asia 82,841,518 90 Rwanda Africa 7,312,756 14 Vietnam Asia 79,939,014 91 Switzerland Europe 7,283,274 15 Egypt Africa 69,536,644 92 Chad Africa 7,114,400 16 Turkey Asia 66,493,970 93 Haiti N. America 6,964,549 17 Iran Asia 66,128,965 94 Benin Africa 6,590,782 18 Ethiopia Africa 65,891,874 95 Tajikistan Asia 6,578,681 19 Thailand Asia 61,797,700 96 Honduras N. America 6,406,052 20 United Kingdom Europe 59,647,790 97 El Salvador N. America 6,237,662 21 France Europe 59,551,227 98 Burundi Africa 6,223,897 22 Italy Europe 57,679,825 99 Israel Asia 5,938,093 23 Congo, Democratic Republic of the Africa 53,624,718 100 Paraguay S. America 5,734,139 (Zaire) 101 Laos Asia 5,635,967 24 Ukraine Europe 48,760,474 102 Sierra Leone Africa 5,426,618 25 Korea, Republic of (South Korea) Asia 47,904,370 103 Slovakia Europe 5,414,937 26 South Africa Africa 43,586,097 104 Denmark Europe 5,252,815 27 Myanmar Asia 41,994,678 105 Libya Africa 5,240,599 28 Colombia S. America 40,349,388 106 Finland Europe 5,175,783 29 Spain Europe 40,037,995 107 Jordan Asia 5,153,378 30 Poland Europe 38,633,912 108 Togo Africa 5,153,088 31 Argentina S. America 37,384,816 109 Papua New Guinea Oceania 5,049,055 32 Tanzania Africa 36,232,074 110 Georgia Asia 4,989,285 33 Sudan Africa 36,080,373 111 Nicaragua N. America 4,918,393 34 Algeria Africa 31,736,053 112 Kyrgyzstan Asia 4,753,003 35 Canada N. America 31,592,805 113 Turkmenistan Asia 4,603,244 36 Kenya Africa 30,765,916 114 Norway Europe 4,503,440 37 Morocco Africa 30,645,305 115 Moldova Europe 4,431,570 38 Peru S. America 27,483,864 116 Croatia Europe 4,334,142 39 Afghanistan Asia 26,813,057 117 Singapore Asia 4,300,419 40 Nepal Asia 25,284,463 118 Eritrea Africa 4,298,269 41 Uzbekistan Asia 25,155,064 119 Puerto Rico N. America 3,937,316 42 Uganda Africa 23,985,712 120 Europe 3,922,205 43 Venezuela S. America 23,916,810 121 New Zealand Oceania 3,864,129 44 Iraq Asia 23,331,985 122 Ireland Europe 3,840,838 45 Saudi Arabia Asia 22,757,092 123 Costa Rica N. America 3,773,057 46 Taiwan Asia 22,370,461 124 Lebanon Asia 3,627,774 47 Romania Europe 22,364,022 125 Lithuania Europe 3,610,535 48 Malaysia Asia 22,229,040 126 Central African Republic Africa 3,576,884 49 Korea, Democratic People’s Asia 21,968,228 127 Albania Europe 3,510,484 Republic of (North Korea) 128 Uruguay S. America 3,360,105 50 Ghana Africa 19,894,014 129 Armenia Europe 3,336,100 51 Sri Lanka Asia 19,408,635 130 Congo, Republic of the Africa 3,258,400 52 Mozambique Africa 19,371,057 131 Liberia Africa 3,225,837 53 Australia Australia 19,357,594 132 Panama N. America 2,845,647 54 Yemen Asia 18,078,035 133 Mauritania Africa 2,747,312 55 Kazakstan Asia 16,731,303 134 Jamaica N. America 2,665,636 56 Syria Asia 16,728,808 135 Mongolia Asia 2,654,999 57 Côte d’Ivoire Africa 16,393,221 136 Oman Asia 2,622,198 58 Madagascar Africa 15,982,563 137 Asia 2,407,460 59 Netherlands Europe 15,981,472 138 Latvia Europe 2,385,231 60 Cameroon Africa 15,906,500 139 Lesotho Africa 2,177,062 61 Chile S. America 15,328,467 140 Bhutan Asia 2,049,412 62 Ecuador S. America 13,183,978 141 Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Europe 2,046,209 63 Guatemala N. America 12,974,361 Republic of 64 Cambodia Asia 12,491,501 142 Kuwait Asia 2,041,961 65 Burkina Faso Africa 12,272,289 143 Slovenia Europe 1,930,132 66 Zimbabwe Africa 11,365,366 144 Namibia Africa 1,797,677 67 Cuba N. America 11,184,023 145 Botswana Africa 1,586,119 68 Mali Africa 11,008,518 146 Estonia Europe 1,423,316 69 Yugoslavia Europe 10,677,290 147 Gambia, The Africa 1,411,205 70 Greece Europe 10,623,835 148 Guinea-Bissau Africa 1,315,822 71 Malawi Africa 10,548,250 149 Gabon Africa 1,221,175 72 Angola Africa 10,366,031 150 Mauritius Africa 1,189,825 73 Niger Africa 10,355,156 151 Trinidad and Tobago S. America 1,169,682 74 Belarus Europe 10,350,194 152 Swaziland Africa 1,104,343 75 Senegal Africa 10,284,929 153 Fiji Oceania 844,330 76 Czech Republic Europe 10,264,212 154 East Timor Asia 779,567 77 Belgium Europe 10,258,762 155 Qatar Asia 769,152

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World Rankings Appendix

Countries and selected dependencies, by population Countries and selected dependencies, by boundary length World Rankings Borders plus coastline Population Rank Country Continent (July 2001) Total boundaries Total boundaries 156 Cyprus Asia 762,887 Rank Name (mi) (km) 157 Guyana S. America 697,181 17 Argentina 9,106 14,654 158 Bahrain Asia 645,361 18 Mexico 8,617 13,868 159 Comoros Africa 596,202 19 United Kingdom 7,720 12,789 160 Equatorial Guinea Africa 486,060 20 Chile 7,834 12,606 161 Solomon Islands Oceania 480,442 21 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 6,684 10,781 162 Djibouti Africa 460,700 (Zaire) 163 Luxembourg Europe 442,972 22 Turkey 6,142 9,827 164 Suriname S. America 433,998 23 Italy 5,911 9,532 165 Guadeloupe N. America 431,170 24 Colombia 5,758 9,212 166 Martinique N. America 418,454 25 Iran 5,355 8,620 167 Cape Verde Africa 405,163 26 Sudan 5,306 8,540 168 Malta Europe 394,583 27 Venezuela 5,277 8,493 169 Brunei Darussalam Asia 343,653 28 Mongolia 5,070 8,161.9 170 Maldives Asia 310,764 29 Vietnam 5,023 8,083 171 Bahamas, The N. America 297,852 30 Thailand 5,022 8,082 172 Iceland Europe 277,906 31 Peru 4,491 7,950 173 Barbados N. America 275,330 32 Croatia 4,886 7,863 174 Belize N. America 256,062 33 Pakistan 4,859 7,820 175 Netherlands Antilles N. America 212,226 34 Myanmar 4,840 7,806 176 Vanuatu Oceania 192,910 35 South Africa 4,686 7,548 177 Samoa Oceania 179,058 36 Denmark 4,587 7,382 178 French Guiana S. America 177,562 37 Malaysia 4,563 7,344 179 São Tomé and Príncipe Africa 165,034 38 Algeria 4,553 7,341 180 Saint Lucia N. America 158,178 39 Ukraine 4,576 7,340 181 Micronesia, Federated States of Oceania 134,597 40 Mali 4,661 7,243 182 Virgin Islands, U.S. N. America 122,211 41 Saudi Arabia 4,383 7,055 183 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines N. America 115,942 42 Mozambique 4,373 7,041 184 Tonga Oceania 104,227 43 Spain 4,272 6,881.8 185 Kiribati Oceania 94,149 44 Angola 4,215 6,798 186 Grenada N. America 89,227 45 Bolivia 4,190 6,743 187 Seychelles Africa 79,715 46 Uzbekistan 4,117 6,641 188 Marshall Islands Oceania 70,822 47 France 3,925 6,316 189 Dominica N. America 70,786 48 Libya 3,823 6,153 190 Aruba N. America 70,007 49 Micronesia, Federated States of 3,789 6,112 191 Andorra Europe 67,627 50 Germany 3,732 6,007 192 Antigua and Barbuda N. America 66,970 51 Papua New Guinea 3,711 5,972 193 Bermuda N. America 63,503 52 Chad 3,700 5,968 194 Greenland Europe 56,352 53 Mauritania 3,622 5,828 195 Saint Kitts and Nevis N. America 38,756 54 Niger 3,540 5,697 196 Cayman Islands N. America 35,527 55 Congo, Republic of the 3,518 5,673 197 Liechtenstein Europe 32,528 56 Zambia 3,496 5,627 198 Monaco Europe 31,842 57 Afghanistan 3,428 5,529 199 San Marino Europe 27,336 58 Sweden 3,370 5,423 200 British Virgin Islands N. America 20,812 59 Namibia 3,373 5,396 201 Palau Oceania 19,092 60 Somalia 3,350 5,391 202 Turks and Caicos Islands N. America 18,122 61 Solomon Islands 3,301 5,313 203 Anguilla N. America 12,132 62 Ethiopia 3,300 5,311 204 Nauru Oceania 12,088 63 Central African Republic 3,233 5,203 205 Tuvalu Oceania 10,991 64 Laos 3,151 5,083 206 Holy See Europe 890 65 Eritrea 3,009 5,015 207 Antarctica Antarctica 0 66 Egypt 3,109 5,014 67 Cameroon 3,095 4,993 68 Iceland 3,098 4,988 69 Nigeria 3,044 4,900 70 Madagascar 3,000 4,828 71 Tanzania 2,997 4,826 Countries and selected dependencies, by boundary length 72 Bangladesh 2,995 4,820 73 Estonia 2,744 4,427 Borders plus coastline 74 Ecuador 2,556 4,247 75 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic 2,590 4,168 Total boundaries Total boundaries of (North Korea) Rank Name (mi) (km) 76 Botswana 2,488 4,013 1 Canada 156,949 252,684 77 Kenya 2,473 3,982 2 Russia 35,743 57,614 78 Paraguay 2,436 3,920 3 Indonesia 35,718 57,490 79 Kyrgyzstan 2,410 3,878 4 Greenland 27,333 44,087 80 Morocco 2,391 3,852.9 5 Australia 22,831 36,735 81 Finland 2,327 3,754 6 China 22,905 36,671 82 Turkmenistan 2,322 3,736 7 Philippines 22,499 36,289 83 Cuba 2,316 3,735 8 United States 19,991 32,172 84 Guinea 2,311 3,719 9 Japan 18,479 29,751 85 Iraq 2,291 3,689 10 Norway 15,156 24,440 86 Yemen 2,270 3,652 11 Brazil 13,752 22,182 87 Tajikistan 2,264 3,651 12 India 13,084 21,103 88 Senegal 2,257 3,632 13 Antarctica 11,230 17,968 89 Bahamas, The 2,201 3,542 14 New Zealand 9,404 15,134 90 Oman 2,154 3,466 15 Kazakstan 9,284 14,976 91 Gabon 2,135 3,436 16 Greece 9,250 14,886 92 Poland 2,099 3,379

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World Rankings Appendix

Countries and selected dependencies, by boundary length Countries and selected dependencies, by boundary length Borders plus coastline Borders plus coastline

Total boundaries Total boundaries Total boundaries Total boundaries Rank Name (mi) (km) Rank Name (mi) (km) 93 Burkina Faso 1,983 3,192 169 Swaziland 332 535 94 Belarus 1,925 3,098 170 Côte d'Ivoire 2,254 515 95 Zimbabwe 1,905 3,066 171 Puerto Rico 311 501 96 Honduras 1,894 3,050 172 Seychelles 305 491 97 Panama 1,892 3,045 173 Tonga 260 419 98 Cambodia 1,873 3,015 174 Samoa 250 403 99 Portugal 1,868 3,007 175 Turks and Caicos Islands 241 389 100 Nepal 1,818 2,926 176 Netherlands Antilles 232.33 374.2 101 Guyana 1,811 2,921 177 Marshall Islands 230 370 102 Malawi 1,789 2,881 178 Trinidad and Tobago 225 362 103 Azerbaijan 1,751 2,813 179 Luxembourg 221 356 104 Romania 1,698 2,733 180 Martinique 217 350 105 Uganda 1,676 2,698 181 Comoros 211 340 106 Korea, Republic of (South Korea) 1,656 2,651 182 Guadeloupe 197.4 316.2 107 Ghana 1,635 2,632 183 Malta 157 253 108 Tunisia 1,597 2,572 184 São Tomé and Príncipe 130 209 109 Austria 1,588 2,562 185 Singapore 120 193 110 Vanuatu 1,567 2,528 186 Virgin Islands 116.7 188 111 Syria 1,520 2,446 187 Mauritius 110 177 112 Yugoslavia 1,520 2,445 188 Cayman Islands 100 160 113 Uruguay 1,381 2,224 189 Saint Lucia 98 158 114 United Arab Emirates 1,355 2,185 190 Antigua and Barbuda 95 153 115 Liberia 1,345 2,164 191 Dominica 92 148 116 Bulgaria 1,343 2,162 192 Saint Kitts and Nevis 84 135 117 Nicaragua 1,330 2,141 193 Bahrain 78 126 118 Benin 1,308 2,110 194 Grenada 75 121 119 Suriname 1,297 2,093 195 Andorra 74.6 120.3 120 Haiti 1,268.7 2,046 196 Bermuda 64 103 121 Guatemala 1,251 2,017 197 Barbados 60 97 122 Hungary 1,248 2,009 198 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 52 84 123 Costa Rica 1,204 1,929 199 British Virgin Islands 50 80 124 Czech Republic 1,169 1,881 200 Liechtenstein 47 76 125 Switzerland 1,151 1,852 201 Aruba 42.6 68.5 126 Ireland 1,124 1,808 202 Anguilla 38 61 127 Georgia 1,098 1,771 203 San Marino 24 39 128 Togo 1,058 1,703 204 Nauru 18.6 30 129 Latvia 1,043 1,681 205 Tuvalu 15 24 130 Jordan 1,022 1,645 206 Monaco 5.2 8.5 131 Taiwan 973 1,566 207 Vatican City 1.2 3.2 132 Dominican Republic 977 1,563 133 French Guiana 970 1,561 134 Palau 944 1,519 135 Bosnia and Herzegovina 919 1,479 136 Netherlands 918 1,478 137 Belgium 900 1,451 138 Moldova 864 1,389 139 Lithuania 850.4 1,372 140 Sierra Leone 250 1,360 141 Slovakia 842 1,355 142 Sri Lanka 833 1,340 143 Israel 795 1,279 144 Armenia 778 1,254 145 Slovenia 753 1,211.6 146 Kiribati 709 1,143 147 Fiji 702 1,129 148 Albania 672 1,082 149 Bhutan 668 1,075 150 Guinea-Bissau 667 1,074 151 Jamaica 634 1,022 152 Burundi 605 974 153 Cape Verde 598 965 154 Kuwait 598 963 155 Lesotho 565 909 156 Belize 559 902 157 Rwanda 555 893 158 El Salvador 530 852 159 Equatorial Guinea 517 835 160 Djibouti 511 822 161 Gambia, The 510 820 162 East Timor 492 792 163 Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav 465 748 Republic of 164 Lebanon 422 679 165 Cyprus 403 648 166 Maldives 400 644 167 Qatar 387 623 168 Brunei Darussalam 337 541

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World Rankings Appendix

SELECTED SOURCES World Rankings The World Rankings tables in Geo-Data: The World Geographical Encyclopedia, 3rd ed. were based on a large num- ber of sources. A key source of information for all of these tables are the country entries appearing elsewhere in the book. Each of these entries has its own set of sources, and it would be impossible to list all of them here. However, some sources which cover a large number of tables or were particularly useful are listed below.

Altai Republic Territory and Geography. http://www.altai- Internal Lake Environment Committee. LakeNet. http:// republic.com/territory/resp_altay_eng.htm (accessed Sep- www.worldlakes.org (accessed July–August 2002). tember 2002). The Living Desert: World Desert. http://www.livingdesert.com/ Atlas of Canada. http://atlas.gc.ca/site/english/ (accessed July– worlddes.htm (accessed July–August 2002). August 2002). AUGLIG: Geoscience Australia: Spatial Information for the Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Third Edition. Nation. http://www.auslig.gov.au (accessed July–August Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 1997. 2002). Munro, David, ed. Oxford Dictionary of the World. New York: CIA World Factbook 2002. http://www.odci.gov/cia/publica- Oxford University Press, 1995. tions/factbook (accessed July–August 2002). Peakware World Mountain Encyclopedia. http://www.peak- Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. Country Stud- ware.com/encyclopedia/index.htm (accessed September ies. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/cshome.html#toc (accessed 2002). July–August 2002). Geo-Data: The World Geographical Encyclopedia, 2nd ed. River Systems of the World. http://www.rev.net/~aloe/river Detroit: Gale Research, 1989. (accessed July–August 2002). Hoelzle, M. and . Haeberli. World Glacier Inventory. World United States Geological Survey. http://www.usgs.gov/ Glacier Monitoring Service and National Snow and Ice (accessed September 2002); Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology, Boulder, CO, 1999. http://www.nsidc.org/data/glacier_inventory/ World Atlas. http://www.graphicmaps.com (accessed July– (accessed September 2002). August 2002).

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GLOSSARY

Aboriginal  Someone or something that is the first Atmosphere  The air surrounding the ’s or earliest known of its type in a country or region. surface. Acid  Rain (or snow) that has become slightly Atoll  An island consisting of a strip or of coral acid by mixing with industrial air pollution. surrounding a central lagoon. Alluvium  Clay, silt, sand or gravel deposted by Avalanche  A swift sliding of an accumulation of running water such as a or river. snow or ice down a mountain. Alluvial plain  Flatlands containing deposits of Badlands  Eroded and barren land. alluvium. Barren land  Unproductive land, partly or entirely Antarctic  Relating to the southernmost part of the treeless. Earth. Barrier island  An island formed by wave and tidal Aquatic  Of or relating to the water, particularly the action, oriented parallel to the shore and serving to animals and plants that live there. protect the shore from ocean wave action. Aqueduct  A bridge-like structure that carries Barrier reef  A that lies parallel to the water over obstacles, usually man-made. coast, often forming a lagoon along the shore.  Aquifer  An underground layer of porous rock, Black or nearly black dense rock, usually sand, or gravel that holds water. formed by the solidification or magma or from some other high-temperature geological event. Arable land  Land that is naturally suitable for  cultivation by plowing and is used for growing crops. Basin A depression on land or on the ocean floor. Usually relatively broad and gently sloped, as  Archipelago A group of islands, or a body of water compared to a trench, canyon, or crater. containing many islands. Bay  An indented body of water surrounded by  Arctic Relating to the northernmost part of the land on three sides. Earth, or anything that is frigidly and invariably cold. Bayou  A stagnant or slow-moving body of water. Arid  Extremely dry, particularly applied to regions Beach  deposited through the action of of low rainfall where non-irrigated agriculture is waves and the process of along the shoreline impossible and there is little natural vegetation. of a large body of water. Artesian well  A type of well where underground Bedrock  Solid rock lying under loose earth. pressure forces water to the surface. Biosphere  All living organisms on Earth. Asphalt  A substance containing high  concentrations of hydrocarbons that is found in Bluff Elevated area with a broad, steep cliff face. naturally occurring beds, and is also produced as a Bog  Wet, soft, and spongy ground where the soil is by-product of refinining. Used in road composed mainly of decayed or decaying vegetable building. matter.

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Glossary

Bora  A cold wind blowing from the north in Continental divide  The geographic line separating the region. the drainage basins of a continent.  Ecological community of an area, such as Continental shelf  A shallow plain tropical rainforest or desert. extending from the coast of a continent coast into the Broadleaf forest  A forest composed mainly of sea, and varying in width; typically ends in a steep broadleaf () trees, as opposed to a slope to the ocean floor. coniferous forest. Coral reef  A ridge in the warm-water areas of the Butte  An elevated, flat-topped area, similar to but ocean made up of the and calcium deposits smaller than a or mesa. of coral animals.  Caldera  A crater formed by the eruption of a Cordillera A continuous ridge, range, or chain of . mountains.  Canal  An artificial waterway, either to connect two Crater A bowl-shaped depression on the surface of bodies of water or for . the Earth, generally with relatively deep, steep, sides. The most common type of crater is a caldera, formed  Canyon A deep gorge cut by a river, usually found by volcanic eruption. in arid regions characterized by . Cultivable land  Land that can be prepared by  Cape A projection of land that extends away from plowing for the production of crops. a landmass out into a body of water. Cyclone  A weather occurrence that involves the  Catchment Area that collects water. wind blowing spirally around and in towards a center,  Hollow places in the Earth produced by the creating a powerful storm. In the northern combined action of fracture of rock layers and the hemisphere, the cyclonic movement is usually eroding action of ground water. counter-clockwise, and in the , it Cay  Low-lying island or reef, also called a Key. is clockwise.   Region of between the Dam A structure built across a river that restricts Black and Caspian seas. its flow, causing a reservoir to form behind it. Dams are often used to generate hydropower. Channel  A narrow body of water that connects  two larger areas. An area where water flows through a Deciduous forest A forest consisting of trees that narrow restricted path. shed their leaves on a yearly basis (broadleaf) as opposed to those (coniferous) that retain them. Chapparal  Dense, shrubby vegetation that grows  in regions with hot, dry summers and cooler winters, Deciduous Any species of tree or shrub such as in the southwest United States and northwest that sheds or casts off a part of itself after a definite Mexico. period of time, commonly used to describe trees that lose their leaves on a yearly basis. Cliff  A high, vertical face of rock. Deforestation  The removal or clearing of a forest,  Climate Weather conditions pertaining to a usually to enable the land to be used for another specific area. purpose, such as agriculture or settlements.  Coastal belt A coastal plain area of lowlands and Delta  Triangular-shaped deposits of soil formed at somewhat higher ridges that run parallel to the coast. the mouths of large rivers. They are formed out of the Coastal plain  A fairly level area of land along the silt carried by the river, and have the effect of forcing coast of a land mass. the river to split into channels, Coniferous forest  A forest consisting mainly sometimes over a very wide area. evergreen trees such as pine, fir, and cypress trees. Density  Number of units in a specific area. Conifers  Plants, mostly evergreen trees and Depression  A point on the Earth’s surface that shrubs, that produce cones. forms a hollow, or that has sunken or fallen in. Any Continent  One of the seven major land masses of place where the Earth's surface is lower than the the Earth. surrounding terrain.  Continental climate  A climate typical of the Desert A dry land area with little precipitation and interior of a continent. Particulars can vary widely sparse vegetation. depending on the region, but in general areas with a  The process wherby land that continental climate have greater variations in supports vegetation gradually becomes desert as a temperature, both on a daily and seasonal basis, than result of climatic changes, land mismanagement, or in areas with a maritime climate. both.

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Glossary

Dike  An artificial riverbank built up to control the Equator  An imaginary line running around the flow of water. middle of the Earth halfway between the North and Discontiguous  Not connected to or sharing a South Poles, identified as 0° latitude, which divides boundary with. the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

 Glossary Distributary  A stream which branches off from a Erosion Changes in the shape of the earth’s surface river and never rejoins it, flowing indepdently into as a result of wind, water, or ice. another body of water. Escarpment  A steep slope that separates areas of Doldrums  An area near the equator characterized different elevations. by variable winds and periods of calm.  The region where a river and a large lake Dormant volcano  A volcano that has not or sea meet, with their waters gradually blending into exhibited any signs of activity for an extended period each other. of time. Exclave  Part of a country that is separated from the Drumlin  A rounded, oval hill rarely more than 250 larger, main portion of the country by foreign ft (75 m) high or more than a half mile (1 km) long. territory. An exclave is considered an enclave in respect to the foreign country or countries that  Dry climate Weather patterns characterized by surround it. little rainfall and dramatic temperature differences  between day and night. Fault An area of weakness in the Earth’s crust where the rock formation splits, allowing the  A mound or ridge of loose, wind-blown opposing sides shift and adjust to relieve stresses, sand. sometimes causing earthquakes. Most commonly Earth  Fifth-largest planet in the solar system; its found along the boundaries between tectonic plates. orbit is third from the sun, its circumference Also called a fault line. measured at the equator is 24,900 mi (40,064 km), Fauna  Animal life. and measured around the poles is 24,860 mi (40,000  km). The diameter at the equator is 7,926 mi (12,753 Fen Wet, soft, and spongy ground where the soil is km), and from pole to pole, 7,900 mi (12,711 km). composed mainly of decayed or decaying vegetable matter and is fed by surrounding soils and  Earthquake Shaking or other movement of the groundwater; fens are similar to bogs but have higher earth that is caused by tectonic shifts or volcanic nutrient levels. activity. Fjord  A relatively narrow arm of the sea that  Easterlies Winds or air currents blowing more or indents deeply into the land, with generally steep less consistently form east to west. slopes or cliffs on each side.  The eastern half of the earth’s Flood  The flow of excessive quantities of water surface, as divided by the Prime Meridian and 180th over land that is generally above water. meridian. Flood plain  An area of low-lying land bordering a  Ecology The branch of science that studies the stream of water where floods, and the resulting relationship between organisms and their deposits of alluvium, occur frequently. environments. Flora  Vegetation. Eddy  An air or water current that follows a course  different from that of the main flow and usually has a Front Weather term describing the point at which swirling circular motion. two air masses interact.  Enclave  A political or cultural unit within a region Game reserve An area of land reserved for wild that is distinct and different from the territories that animals that are hunted for sport or for food. surround it is an enclave within those territories. An Geothermal energy  Energy derived from the heat enclave within one country or culture is often an that constantly and naturally radiates out from the exclave in respect to another country or culture. center of the Earth. Also used to desrcibe the Endangered species  A plant or animal species radiation itself. whose existence as a whole is threatened with Geyser  A hot spring that periodically erupts extinction. through an opening in the surface of the Earth, Endemic  Anything that is native to or restricted to spewing boiling water and steam. a specific place, especially if it is unique to or Glacier  A large body of permanent ice on the characteristic of that place. Earth's surface.

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Glossary

Gorge  A deep ravine with steep, rocky walls, Iceberg  A massive block of ice floating through which a stream flows. independently in water that has broken from a glacier  An area where the vegetation is mostly or an ice shelf through a process known as calving. grasses and other grass-like plants, often providing a Ice caps  Ice sheets covering less than 19,000 sq mi transition between forests and deserts. (50,000 sq km). Groundwater  Water located below the earth’s Ice sheets  Very large glaciers found in polar and surface, the source from which and springs sub-polar regions, generally occupying high and draw their water. relatively flat regions. Growler  A semi-submerged iceberg that poses a Ice shelves  Sheets of ice that extend over the sea sea hazard. and float on the water, typically ranging from approximately 500–3,500 ft (200–1000 m) thick. The  Gulf Inlet of the sea formed by a concave Arctic Ocean is partly covered by ice shelves, and the indentation in the coastline. continent of Antarctica is almost completely Gulf Stream  Warm ocean current flowing from surrounded by them. roughly the Gulf of Mexico northeast along the coast Inlet  A narrow passage through which water from of North America, then east toward Europe. an ocean or other large body passes, usually into a Hardpan  A layer of hardened clay soil, usually bay or lagoon. underlying a thin layer of topsoil. International Date Line  An arbitrary line at about Hardwoods  Deciduous trees, such as cherry, , the 180th meridian that designates where one day maple, and mahogany, that produce very hard, begins and another ends. durable, and therefore valuable, lumber. Island  Land entirely surrounded by water, of Harmattan  An intensely dry, dusty wind felt along relatively small area compared to the land mass of a the coast of Africa between Cape Verde and Cape continent. Lopez. It prevails at intervals during the months of Isthmus  A narrow strip of land bordered by water December, January, and February. on two side and connecting two larger bodies of land Headland  Slightly elevated land lying along or on the others, such as two , a continent and jutting into a body of water. a peninsula, or two parts of an island.  Headstream  Stream that forms the source of a Japan Current A warm current in the Pacific river. Ocean. Karst  Region of limestone characterized by Headwater  Source of a stream or river. underground and caverns. Heath  Uncultivated land with low shrubs. Key  A low flat island consisting of coral or sand, Hemisphere  Any half of the globe—north, south, coral fragments, shell fragments, and other debris east or west—as divided by the Prime Meridian and deposited on a coral flat, just above the high water 180° longitude, or by the equator. level. Also called a Cay. Hill  A rounded area of elevation rising more or less Labrador Current  A North Atlantic current that prominently above the surrounding, flatter flows southward from polar waters along the east landscape. Hill is generally used to describe an coast of Canada. elevation of no more than 1,000 ft (300 m) above the Lagoon  A shallow body of water, often connected surrounding land, but this can vary greatly depending with, or barely separated from, a nearby larger body on the region. of water. Humboldt Current  A cold ocean current that runs Lake  An inland body of standing water of north from Antarctica along the west coast of South considerable size. America, primarily from June to November. Landlocked country  A country that does not have Hurricane  A tropical storm with winds over 74 direct access to the sea; it is completely surrounded by mph. other countries. Hydropower  Electricty generated by daming rivers Landslide  A flow of muddy soil or loose rock that and using the water to turn turbines. Also called is usually triggered by heavy rainfall in areas where hydroelectric power. the terrain is steep. Hydrosphere  Pertaining to the area of water along Latitude  An imaginary line running around the the Earth’s surface. Earth, parallel to the equator. In geography, another

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Glossary

name for a parallel. The Earth is divided into two sets the maximum and minimum daily temperatures of lines of latitude, each of 90 degrees, starting at the together and diving the sum by 2. equator, 0° latitude, and extending north or south to Mediterranean climate  A wet-winter, dry- the poles. summer climate with a moderate annual temperature

Lava  Molten rock (magma) that has been poured range, as is typically experienced by countries along Glossary out on the Earth’s surface, usually through a volcano. the Mediterranean Sea. Leeward  The direction identical to that of the Meridian  See longitude. prevailing wind. Mesa  An isolated, elevated, flat-topped area of Littoral  The area between the high water and low land, typically larger than a butte but smaller than a water marks of a shore or coastal region. plateau. Loam  Light soil consisting of clay, silt, and sand. Mistral  In southern France, a cold, dry, northerly Loess  A windblown accumulation of fine yellow wind. clay or silt. Monsoon  Seasonal change in the wind direction of Longitude  An imaginary line that extends along Southeastern Asia, leading to wet and dry seasons. the surface of the Earth directly from one pole to The monsoon develops when there is a significant another. Another name for a meridian. The Earth is difference in temperature between the ocean and the divided into 360 degrees of longitude, with 0° being land. Monsoon is sometimes used to describe any designated the Prime Meridian. heavy rainfall.   Region in northwest Africa made up of Moor A poorly drained open area containing peat Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. and heath.  Magma  Rock beneath the Earth’s surface that has Moist tropical climate A weather pattern typical been melted by the heat of the Earth’s interior. When to the tropics, known for year-round high magma breaches the Earth's surface it is known as temperatures and large amounts of rainfall. . Moraine  A deposit of rocky earth deposited by a  A tree which abounds on tropical glacier. shores in both hemispheres. Characterized by its Mountain  A lofty elevation of land, generally at numerous roots which arch out from its trunk and least higher than 1,000 ft (300 m), but varying greatly descend from its branches. form thick, depending on the surrounding terrain, with little dense growths along the tidal muds, reaching lengths surface area at its peak; commonly formed in a series hundreds of miles long. of ridges or in a single ridge known as a mountain Marsh  An area of soggy land, usually covered range. wholly or in part by shallow water, and containing Natural harbor  A protected portion of a sea or aquatic vegetation. lake along the shore resulting from the natural Maquis  Scrubby, thick underbrush, typical of that formations of the land. found along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Nature preserve  An area where one or more Marginal land  Land that is difficult or unattractive species of plant and/or animal are protected from for cultivation. harm, injury, or destruction.  Marine life  The life that exists in, or is formed by Nilas A thin sheet of ice on the surface of the sea, the sea. such as the sea around Antarctica, that moves with the waves but does not break apart. Maritime climate  The climate and weather  conditions typical of areas bordering large bodies of The northern half of the water. Details vary from one region to another, but Earth’s surface, as divided by the equator. generally areas close to water have more even Nunatak  A mountain that rises above the ice sheet temperatures (lower high temperatures and higher in Antarctica. low temperatures) than areas with a continental Oasis  Originally, a fertile spot in the climate. where there is a natural spring or well and vegetation;  Central part of a mountain, or the now refers to any fertile tract in the midst of a dominant part of a range of mountains. wasteland. Mean temperature  The air temperature unit Ocean  The interconnected bodies of saltwater that measured by the National Weather Service by adding cover almost three-fourths of the Earth’s surface.

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Oceania  A name used to refer collectively to the Pole, magnetic  Either of two points on the Earth’s islands that lie in the central and south Pacific surface, close to the geographic north pole and south Ocean—including the islands of Micronesia (Kiribati poles, where the magnetic field is most intense. and Marshall Islands, and neighboring islands), Pond  A small body of still, shallow water. (Vanuatu and Fiji, and neighboring  islands), and (Hawaii, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Prairie An area of level grassland that occurs in neighboring islands)—that are located far from any temperate climate zones. continent. Prime Meridian  The meridian designated as zero Pampa  Grass-covered plain of South America. degrees in longitude that runs through Greenwich, England, site of the Royal Observatory. All other Panhandle  A long narrow strip of land projecting longitudes are measured from this point . like the handle of a frying pan. Proved reserves  The quantity of a recoverable Parallel  See latitude. mineral resource (such as oil or ) that is Peneplain  A flat land surface that has been still in the ground. subjected to severe erosion. Rainforest  Forest of tall trees with a high, leafy Peninsula  A body of land surrounded by water on canopy where the annual rainfall is at least 100 in three sides. (254 cm).  Permafrost A frozen layer of soil that never thaws. Ravine  A narrow, deep usually forming the Petroglyph  Ancient human carvings on rock, channel for a stream. often found in . Reef  String of rocks or coral formations, usually on  The terrain at the base of a mountain or a sandy bottom, that are barely submerged. range of mountains. Reforestation  Systematically replacing forest trees Plain  An expansive area free of major elevations lost due to fire or logging. and depressions. Reservoir  A lake that was formed artificially by a Plateau  A relatively flat area of elevated land. dam.  A set of theories about the Earth's  Region of seismic activity roughly structure used by many geologists to explain why outlined by a string of volcanoes that encircles the landmasses and oceans are arranged as they are, and Pacific Ocean. why seismic activity occurs. According to plate River  A substantial stream of water following a tectonics the Earth's surface, including the bottoms of clear channel as it flows over the land. the oceans, rests on a number of large tectonic plates. These plates are slowly moving across the interior Riverine  Related to a river or the banks of a river. layers of the Earth. Where they grind against each Roundwood  Timber used as poles or in similar other, earthquakes and other seismic activity occurs, ways without being sawn or shaped. and the shape of the land gradually changes.  Semi-arid plains region in Africa, bordering Polar circles  A circle around the Earth the Sahara Desert on the north, stretching distinguishing the frigid polar zones from the approximately from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red temperate zones. The Earth has two polar circles, the Sea. in the north and the Antarctic Circle in Salinization  An accumulation of soluble salts in the south. soil. This condition is common in irrigated areas with Polar climate  A humid, severely cold climate desert climates, where water evaporates quickly in controlled by arctic air masses, with no warm or poorly drained soil due to high temperatures. Sever summer season. salinization renders soil poisonous to most plants.  Polar regions The areas surrounding the Salt pan  An area of land in a sunny region that is northernmost (north pole) or southernmost (south periodically submerged in shallow water, usually due pole) points on the Earth, marked by extreme, year- to or seasonal floods. The sun causes the round, cold temperatures. shallow water to evaporate and leave the salt it Polder  Low land recovered from a body of water contained behind on the ground. Also called a salt and protected by dikes or embankments. flat. Pole, geographic  The extreme northern and Sand  A deposit of sedimentary material in a southern points of the Earth’s axis, where the axis river, lake, or other body of water that lies in shallow intersects the spherical surface. water.

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Glossary

Savanna  A treeless or near treeless plain of a Strait  Narrow body of water connecting two larger tropical or subtropical region dominated by drought- bodies of water. resistant grasses. Stream  Any flowing water that moves generally Sea  A body of salt water that is connected to (and downhill from elevated areas towards sea level.

therefore a part of) the ocean. Glossary Subarctic climate  A high latitude climate of two  Season Regular variations in weather patterns that types: continental subarctic, which has very cold occur at the same times every year. winters, short, cool summers, light precipitation and Seasonal  Dependant on the season. The flow of moist air; and marine subarctic, a coastal and island rivers and volume of lakes often varies greatly climate with polar air masses causing large between seasons, as can vegetation. precipitation and extreme cold.  Rock, such as sandstone, shale, Subcontinent  A land mass of great size, but and limestone, formed from the hardening of smaller than any of the continents; a large subdivision material deposits. of a continent.  Seismic activity Relating to or connected with an Subtropical climate  A middle latitude climate earthquake or earthquakes in general. dominated by humid, warm temperatures and heavy Semiarid  A climate where water and rainfall is rainfall in summer, with cool winters and frequent relatively scarce but not so rare as to prohibit the cyclonic storms. growth of modest vegetation. Semiarid areas are often Taiga  An area of open forest made up of coniferous found around arid deserts, and semiarid land is trees. sometimes called a desert itself.   A shallow area in a stream, lake, or sea, Tectonic Relating to the structure of the Earth’s especially a sand bank that lies above water at low crust. or during dry periods. Tectonic plate  According to the theory of plate Sierra  A chain of hills or mountain. tectonics, the outer layer of the Earth consists of a series of large plates of rock called tectonic plates. The Silt  Fine gravely inorganic material, between fine largest plates have entire oceans or continents on sand and coarse clay particles in character, that is their surface. carried the flow of a river and deposited along its banks. Silt is generally very fertile soil. Temperate zone  The parts of the Earth lying Sirocco  Hot, sand-laden wind in Algeria. between the tropics and the polar circles. The northern temperate zone is the area between the  Skerry A rocky island. tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle. The southern Slough  A marshy pond that occurs in a river inlet. temperate zone is the area between the tropic of Softwoods  Coniferous trees, whose wood density Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle. Temperate zones as a whole is relatively softer than the wood of those are marked by the greatest seasonal variations in trees referred to as hardwoods. temperature. Sound  A wide expanse of water, usually separating Terraces  Successive areas of flat lands. mainland from islands or connecting two large Terrain  General characteristics of the Earth’s bodies of water; often lies parallel to the ocean surface in a region, including its characteristic . coastline vegetation. Southern Hemisphere  The southern half of the Tidal bore  A distinctive type of wave that travels Earth’s surface, as divided by the equator. up a shallow river or estuary on the incoming tide. It  Spring Water flowing from the ground through a is a dramatic phenomenon that occurs in few places natural opening. in the world; the incoming tidal waters are flowing Stalactites and stalagmites  Deposits of calcium against the river’s current. carbonite formed in a cavern or cave; stalactites hang Tidal wave  See . down from the ceiling like icicles, and stalagmites rise from the floor. Tide  The rise and fall of the surface of a body of water caused by the gravitational attraction of the sun  A flat, mostly treeless, semiarid grassland, and moon. marked by extreme seasonal and daily temperature variations. Although sometimes used to describe Timber line  The point of high elevation on a other areas, the term applies primarily to the plains of mountain above which the climate is too sever to southeastern Europe and . support trees.

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Glossary

Topography  The elevations and depressions of a Typhoon  Violent hurricane occurring in the region are its topography; also, the study of such region of the South China Sea, usually in the period features. from July through October. Tornado  A violent, whirling wind that form a Valley  An elongated depression through which a funnel-shaped cloud that moves in a path over the stream of water usually flows. surface of the Earth. Vegetation  Plants. Torrid zone  The part of the earth’s surface that lies Veldt  In South Africa, an unforested or thinly between the tropics, so named for the warm, humid, forested tract of land or region, a grassland. character of its climate. Volcano  A hole or opening, usually at the peak of a cone-shaped mountain, through which molten rock Trade winds  Winds that consistently blow from and superheated steam erupt from the interior of the the northeast and southeast toward the equator. Earth.  Region in southeast Eruope Wadi  Dry stream bed, usually in a desert region in between the Black and Caspian seas and south of the southwest Asia or . . Waterfall  A steep natural descent of water flowing Trench  Steep-sided section of the ocean floor over a cliff or precipice to a lower level. where the water is very deep. Watershed  An area of shared water drainage, that  Any stream that flows into another is, all the rainfall drains into a common river or lake larger stream. system. Tropic of Cancer  A latitudinal line located 23°27’ Wave  The alternate rising and falling of ridges of north of the equator, the northernmost point at water, generally produced by the action between the which the sun can shine directly overhead. wind and the surface of a body of water. Weather  Atmospheric conditions at a given place Tropic of Capricorn  A latitudinal line located and time. 23°27’ south of the equator, the southernmost point  at which the sun can shine directly overhead. The western half of the earth’s surface divided by the Prime Meridian at 180°. Tropical monsoon climate  One of the tropical  Islands lying between North America rainy climates; it is sufficiently warm and rainy to and South America made up of the produce tropical rainforest vegetation, but also has a (Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and winter dry season. Puerto Rico) and the (Virgin Islands, Tsunami  A powerful, massive, and destructive Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados), and Bahamas. ocean wave caused by undersea earthquake or Wildlife sanctuary  An area of land set aside for volcanic eruption. the protection and preservation of animals and Tundra  A nearly level treeless area whose climate plants. and vegetation are characteristically arctic due to its Windward  Facing into the prevailing wind, or position near one of the poles; the subsoil is lying closest to the direction from which the wind is permanently frozen. blowing.

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INDEX

Page numbers in bold indicate primary treat- Adelunga Toghi (Uzbekistan), 584 African Tectonic Plate ment of a country; those in italics indicate Aden (Yemen), 599–601 Algeria, 8 illustrations; and the t following a page number denotes a table. The index is sorted Adgiin Tsagaan Lake (Mongolia), 365 Benin, 58 word by word. Entries are in natural language Adige River (Italy), 271, 272 Burundi, 87 order with the exception of country names, Mountains (U.S.), 571, 574 Cameroon, 92 which are sorted by their most recognizable name as in the rest of the book (for example: Administrative divisions Central African Republic, 105 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of). Vari- Côte d’Ivoire, 141t Chad, 108 ant and abbreviated forms of names are listed Djibouti, 157t Comoros, 127 as cross references. Grenada, 217t Congo, Democratic Republic of, 130 Guadeloupe, 219t Congo, Republic of, 133 A Haiti, 231t Egypt, 167 Aare River (Switzerland), 519 Honduras, 234t Eritrea, 176 Abay River. See Blue Nile River Japan, 280t Ethiopia, 181 Aberdare National Park (Kenya), 290 Kiribati, 294t Gambia, 198 Aberdare Range (Kenya), 288 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, Ghana, 207 Abi-Istada (Afghanistan), 3 296t Greece, 212 (Georgia), 200 Laos, 307t Israel, 266 Abperon Peninsula (Azerbaijan), 40 Malta, 344t Jordan, 281 Absoraka Range (U.S.), 573 Namibia, 380t Lebanon, 310 Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates), 562–563 Nauru, 382t Lesotho, 312 Abu Hamand (Sudan), 509 Papua New Guinea, 423t Libya, 316 Abs Msá Island, 257, 563 Portugal, 443t Madagascar, 327 Acapulco (Mexico), 355 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 462t Malta, 343 Acarai Mountains (Guyana), 227 Saint Lucia, 463t Mauritania, 347 Acaray River (Paraguay), 426 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 465t Mauritius, 350 Accra plains (Ghana), 208 San Marino, 469t Mozambique, 370 Achill Island (Ireland), 263 São Tomé and Príncipe, 470t Namibia, 377 Acid rain, Switzerland, 520 Saudi Arabia, 474t Nigeria, 401 Acklins Island (The Bahamas), 42 Singapore, 484t Portugal, 440 Aconcagua River (Chile), 113 Solomon Islands, 490t Rwanda, 458 Ad Dahna’ Desert (Saudi Arabia), 472–473, Somalia, 493t Seychelles, 478 475 Spain, 499t Sierra Leone, 480 Ad Dibdibah (Saudi Arabia), 474 Ad-Dukhan Hill (Bahrain), 43 Sri Lanka, 503t South Africa, 494 Adamaoua Plateau. See Adamawa Plateau Suriname, 512t Tunisia, 543 Adamawa Plateau, 92–94, 402 Admiralty Islands (Papua New Guinea), 422 Uganda, 556 Adam’s Bridge, 246 Adrar des Iforas (Mali), 340 Zambia, 605 Adam’s Peak (Sri Lanka), 502 Aegean Islands (Greece), 212–213 Zimbabwe, 609 Addu Atoll (Maldives), 338 , 156 Agadez (Niger), 400 Adelaide (Australia), 35 Affollé Hills (Mauritania), 347 Agalega (Mauritius), 351 Adelaide Island (Antarctica), 20 Afghanistan, 1–5, 2, 4t Agam Plateau (Indonesia), 250 Adelie Land. See Southern and Antarctic Lands Afobaka Dam (Suriname), 510 Aganoa Black Sand Beach (Samoa), 467 (France) Plains (Ghana), 208 Agno River (The Philippines), 434

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Index

Agricultural chemicals Lesotho, 313 Agusan River (The Philippines), 434, 435 Azerbaijan, 40 Liberia, 315 Ahaggar Mountains (Algeria), 8, 10, 399 Indonesia, 250 Libya, 318 AIDS, Burkina Faso and, 86 See also Water pollution Liechtenstein, 319 Ailinginae Atoll (Marshall Islands), 344 Agriculture Lithuania, 320 Ailinglaplap Atoll (Marshall Islands), 344 Albania, 6 Madagascar, 330 Aïr Massif (Niger), 399, 400 Algeria, 10 Malawi, 331, 333 Air pollution Antigua, 23 Malaysia, 334 Congo, Republic of, 135 Argentina, 27 Malta, 343–344 Czech Republic, 152 Armenia, 29 Martinique, 347 Indonesia, 249, 253 Austria, 38 Mauritius, 352 Iran, 258 Azerbaijan, 40 Mexico, 355, 357 Nepal, 386 Bangladesh, 45, 48 Micronesia, 358 See also Pollution Barbados, 49 Moldova, 361–362 Airolo (Switzerland), 519 Belarus, 51 Mongolia, 367 Airports, Japan, 279 Bermuda, 61 Morocco, 370 Aiviekste River (Latvia), 308 Brazil, 73, 77 Mozambique, 372, 373 Aja’ Mountains (Saudi Arabia), 472 Bulgaria, 84 Myanmar, 377 Ajaria (Georgia), 200 Burundi, 87 Nepal, 386 ’Ajman (United Arab Emirates), 562 Cameroon, 94–95 The Netherlands, 389 Akaishi Mountains (Japan), 276 Colombia, 125, 126 Nicaragua, 398 Akan Lowlands (Ghana), 208 Comoros, 127–128 Niger, 400 Akanyaru River (Rwanda), 459 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 133 Norway, 405, 407–408 Akdzhakaya Depression. See Vpadina Costa Rica, 136–137 Pakistan, 415 Akchanaya (Turkmenistan) Côte d’Ivoire, 142 Panama, 417, 419, 420 Akhelóos River (Greece), 212 Cuba, 147, 148 Papua New Guinea, 423 Akiyoshi-dai Plateau (Japan), 277 Cyprus, 150 The Philippines, 435, 436 Akkeshi-ko (Japan), 278 Denmark, 155 Poland, 440 Akosombo Dam (Ghana), 207, 208 Dominica, 158 Portugal, 443 Akrotiri Bay (Cyprus), 149 Dominican Republic, 161 Puerto Rico, 444, 445 Akwa-Orlu Uplands (Nigeria), 402, 404 East Timor, 162, 164 Romania, 451 Akwapim-Togo Ranges, 207 Ecuador, 166 Russia, 456, 457 Al Ahsa. See Al-Hasa (Saudi Arabia) Egypt, 170 Rwanda, 459 Al Amar (Saudi Arabia), 475 Equatorial Guinea, 176 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 462 Al Atrun (Sudan), 509 Estonia, 180 Saint Lucia, 464 Al Batinah Plain (Oman), 408 Fiji, 185 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 465 Al Fujayrah (United Arab Emirates), 562 Finland, 188 Samoa, 468 Al Ghab (Syria), 521, 523 France, 194 San Marino, 469 Al Guedam Canyon (Yemen), 599 Gabon, 197 São Tomé and Príncipe, 471 Al Ha ’ar (Saudi Arabia), 475 Gambia, 199 Senegal, 476, 478 Al Hajar Ash Sharqi (Oman), 409 Georgia, 202 Seychelles, 480 Al Hamadah Al Hamra (Libya), 316 Germany, 204, 206 Sierra Leone, 482 Al Hudaydah (Yemen), 600 Ghana, 207 Somalia, 494 Al Jafurah Desert (Saudi Arabia), 474 Greece, 213 Spain, 502 Al Jahrah (Kuwait), 300, 301 Grenada, 217 Sri Lanka, 505 Al Kharj (Saudi Arabia), 473 Guadeloupe, 219 Sudan, 510 Al Mahra Uplands (Yemen), 599 Guatemala, 222 Swaziland, 513–514 Al Muharraq (Bahrain), 43–44 Guinea-Bissau, 227 Tanzania, 533 Al Qasrayn. See Kasserine Pass (Tunisia) Haiti, 232 Thailand, 536 Ala Tau (Kyrgyzstan), 302 Honduras, 234 Tonga, 540 Alabama (United States), 571, 574 Hungary, 235, 238 Trinidad and Tobago, 542–543 Al-Ahmadj Ridge (Kuwait), 300 Iceland, 241 Tunisia, 545 Alai Mountains, 584 India, 248 Uganda, 558 Al-’Ajmah Mountains (Egypt), 167 Indonesia, 253–254 Ukraine, 561 Åland Islands (Finland), 188 Iran, 254 United States, 581 Alantika Mountains, 92, 402 Israel, 267 Uruguay, 583 Al-’Arab Gulf (Egypt), 169 Japan, 281 Uzbekistan, 585–586 Al-’Aramah Plateau (Saudi Arabia), 472 Jordan, 282, 283 Venezuela, 593 Alaska (United States), 571, 573–574, 576–580 Kazakhstan, 286, 288 Vietnam, 597 (United States), 573, 577, 578 Kenya, 291, 292 Yemen, 601 Alaska Range (United States), 574, 576 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, Yugoslavia, 605 Al-’Ayn (United Arab Emirates), 562–563 296 Zimbabwe, 611 Al-Bahr. See Nile River Korea, Republic of, 298, 299 Agua (Guatemala), 220 Ålbæk Bay (Denmark), 154 Kyrgyzstan, 302, 304 Aguán River (Honduras), 233 Albania, 5–7, 6, 7t Laos, 306–307 Aguarico River (Ecuador), 165 Albany River (Canada), 98 Latvia, 307–308, 309 Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary (The Albert Canal (Belgium), 52, 53 Lebanon, 311 Philippines), 434 Albert Nile River, 557

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Albert Peak (DROC), 130 Al-Wakrah (Qatar), 446, 447 Anegada Passage (British Virgin Islands), 79 Alberta plain (Canada), 100 Al-Wusta (Oman), 409 Aneityum (Vanuatu), 587 Ålborg Bay (Denmark), 154 Alzette River (Luxembourg), 323, 324 Angara River (Russia), 454 Al-Burghsth (Syria), 523 Al-Zubayr Canal (Iraq), 261 Angaur Island (Palau), 416 Aldabra Group. See Groupe d’Aldabra Atoll Amadjuak Lake (Canada), 97 Angel, Jimmie, 591 (Seychelles) Amakusa Island (Japan), 279 Ángel de la Guarda (Mexico), 355 Aldan River (Russia), 454 Amatique Bay (Guatemala), 221 Angel Falls (Venezuela), 591 Aldeyjarfoss (Iceland), 240 Amazon rainforests Ångerman River (Sweden), 515 Alegranza Island (Spain), 500 Bolivia, 67 Anglo-French Condominium of the New Alentejo (Portugal), 441–442, 443 Brazil, 77 Hebrides. See Vanuatu 12–16, Aleppo (Syria), 524 Ecuador, 166–167 Angola, 14, 15t Index Aletsch Glacier (Switzerland), 518 See also Tropical rainforests Angonia Highlands (Mozambique), 370, 372 (United States), 573, 579 Amazon River, 73, 74–76, 77, 124, 428–430 Anguilla, 16, 16–17, 568 Aleutian Range (United States), 574 Ambae (Vanuatu), 587 Animal habitats, 385 Aleutian Trench (United States), 573 Ambergris Cay (Belize), 56 Angola, 13 Alexander Archipelago (United States), 577 Ambergris Cay Island (Turks and Caicos Belarus, 51 Alexander Bay (South Africa), 496 Islands), 553 Belize, 57 (Antarctica), 20 Ambohitra Mountains (Madagascar), 327–328 Botswana, 72 Algarve (Portugal), 440 Ambolesi National Park (Kenya), 290 Brunei, 80 Algeria, 7–11, 9, 11t Ambon (Indonesia), 252 Burkina Faso, 86 Al-Ghazal River (Sudan), 508 Amboseli National Park (Kenya), 291 Colombia, 124 (South Africa), 496 Ambrim Island (Vanuatu), 587 Côte d’Ivoire, 141 Al-Hajar Mountains (Oman), 408, 409 Ameland Island (The Netherlands), 388 El Salvador, 173 Al-Hasa (Saudi Arabia), 472, 473 (United States), 571, 577–578 Estonia, 180 Al-Hufu˘f (Saudi Arabia), 473 Amerrique Mountains (Nicaragua), 395 France, 192 Al-Huqf Depression (Oman), 409 Amery Ice Shelf (Antarctica), 19, 21 in Iberá, Argentina, 26 Al-Hursj Al-Aswad Hills (Libya), 316 Amindivi Islands (India), 246 Iceland, 240 Aliákman River (Greece), 212 Amirante Isles. See Les Amirantes (Seychelles) Kyrgyzstan, 304 Alice Springs (Australia), 35 Ammer Lake (Germany), 204 Latvia, 309 Al-Jabal (Sudan), 508 Amo Chhu (Bhutan), 63 Moldova, 361 Al-Jafr Basin (Jordan), 283 Amour Mountains (Algeria), 8 Nicaragua, 396 Al-Jazjrah. See Ampangalana Canal (Madagascar), 329 Oman, 409 Al-Khawr (Qatar), 446 Ampasindava Bay (Madagascar), 329 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 461 Al-Kufrah (Libya), 318 Amsterdam Island (France), 192 Samoa, 467 “Allah’s minesweepers,” 3 Amsterdam- River Canal (The Saudi Arabia, 473 Allegheny Mountains (United States), 573–574 Netherlands), 388 Somalia, 493–494 Allgäuer Mountains (Germany), 202 Amu Dar’ya River, 3, 528, 550–551, 583–586 South Africa, 496 Allier River (France), 191 Amu River. See Amu Dar’ya River Tajikistan, 528 Al-Ljtanj River (Lebanon), 310 Amu-Bukhara canal (Uzbekistan), 585 Tanzania, 530–531 Almaty (Kazakhstan), 287 Amundsen, Roald, 20 Venezuela, 592–593 Al-Mudawwarah Desert (Jordan), 283 Amundsen Gulf (Canada), 99 Vietnam, 594, 597 Alofi (), 394 Amundsen Sea (Antarctica), 20 Yem , 601 Alpheus River (Greece), 212 Amundsen-Scott (Antarctica), 21 Zambia, 606, 608 Alpine Foothills (Germany), 204 Amur River, 118, 454 See also Marine mammals; Wildlife habi- Alpine-Himalayan Mountains, 546 An Nupayrjyah Mountains (Syria), 521, 523 tats; specific animals Anáfi (Greece), 213 Aniwa (Vanuatu), 587 Austrian, 36, 487 Anai Peak (India), 243 Anjou (France), 194 Bavarian, 202 Anai Valley gorge (Indonesia), 250 Anjouan (Comoros), 127 Bernese, 518 (Turkey), 548–549 Anju Plain (DPRK), 296 Carnic, 36, 269–270 Anatolian Plateau (Turkey), 546–547 Ankara (Turkey), 547–549 Dinaric, 69, 142, 487, 602, 604 Andalusian Mountains. See Baetic Cordillera Ankaratra Massif (Madagascar), 327, 329 French, 190 Mountains (Spain) Ankaratra Plateau (Madagascar), 328 Glarus, 518 Andalusian Plain (Spain), 501 (Ghana), 208 Italian, 269–270 (India), 246 Ankole District (Uganda), 556 Japanese, 276 Andaman Sea, 335 An-Nabj Shu’ayb (Yemen), 599 Julian, 270, 487 Andean region (Argentina), 24, 27 Annabón (Equatorial Guinea), 174–175 Lepontine, 518 Andean spurs, 112 An-Nafu˘d Desert (Saudi Arabia), 472, 475 North Albanian, 602 Mountains, 24, 65–66, 111, 112, 164, Annamese Cordillera, 305, 594–595 Pennine, 518 589–590 Annapurna (Nepal), 384 Rhaetian, 518 Peru, 428 Antanarivo (Madagascar), 330 Swiss, 517–521 Andorra, 11, 11–12, 12t Antarctic Circle, 21 Transylvanian, 448, 449, 602, 604 Andrews, Roy Chapman, 364 Antarctic Circumpolar Current, 20 Al-qash. See Mareb River Andringitra Massif (Madagascar), 327 , 20 Alqueva Reservoir (Portugal), 442 Andros (Greece), 213 Antarctic Current. See Benguela Current Altai Shan, 116, 284, 363–364, 453 Andros Island (The Bahamas), 42 Antarctic Lands. See Southern and Antarctic Altay Shan. See Altai Shan Androy Plateau (Madagascar), 328 Lands (France) (Bolivia), 66–67 Anegada Island (British Virgin Islands), 79 , 18, 19, 21

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 639 Geodata.book Page 640 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Antarctic Treaty, 18 Mongolia, 364 Asveja Lake (Lithuania), 320 Antarctica, 17–22, 18, 391 Nigeria, 402 Aswa River (Uganda), 557 Anti-Apennines (Italy), 271, 273 Peru, 430 Aswan Dam, 508 Anti- (Morocco), 369 Archipiélago de Camagüey, 146 Aswan High Dam, 168 Anticosti Island (Canada), 99 Archipiélago de los Canarreos, 146 , 112, 114, 431 Antigua and Barbuda, 22–23, 23, 23t Archipiélago de los Colorados, 146 Atacama Plateau (Argentina), 25 Anti-Lebanon Mountains, 310, 521–523 Archipiélago de Sabana, 146 Atakora Mountains (Benin), 58 Antongil Bay (Madagascar), 329 Archipiélago Solentiname (Nicaragua), 396 Atar (Mauritania), 348 (Madagascar), 329 (Canada), 95–96, 99 Atatürk Reservoir (Turkey), 548 Anuta Island (Solomon Islands), 489 Arctic Circle, 214–215, 578 Atauro Island (East Timor), 163 Anzali Mordab (Iran), 257 Arctic Institute of North America (Canada), 97 Atbara River, 182, 506, 508–509 Aozou Strip (Chad), 111 Arctic islands, 455 Atetsu Plateau (Japan), 277 Apa River (Paraguay), 426 Arctic Ocean, 455 Athabasca River (Canada), 98 Apaporis River (Colombia), 124 Arctic Slope (United States), 573 Atlantic Lowlands (Colombia), 124, 125 Apennines, 269, 270–271 Arda River (Bulgaria), 83 Atlantic Lowlands (Nicaragua), 395–398 Apere River (Bolivia), 66 Ardennes highlands (Belgium), 52, 54 Atlantic provinces (Canada), 96 Apia (Samoa), 466–468 Ardennes Plateau (France), 190–191 Atlantic Right Whale, 26 Apolima Island (Samoa), 466–467 Ardennes region (Luxembourg), 323 Atlas Mountains, 8, 367, 368–369, 543 Appalachian Chain (Canada), 97 Areicas (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Atoll de Cosmoldeo (Seychelles), 479–480 Appalachian Mountains (United States), 571, Arenal volcano (Costa Rica), 136 Atoll de Farhuhar (Seychelles), 480 573–574, 576, 579–580 Argentina, 23–27, 25, 27t Atoll Island (United States), 577 Appalachian Plateaus (United States), 571, 574 Argep River (Romania), 449 Atrai River (Bangladesh), 46 Approuague River (French Guiana), 195 Arghandab River (Afghanistan), 3 Ätran River (Sweden), 515 Apulia (Italy), 272 River (Russia), 454 Atrato River (Colombia), 124 Apure River (Venezuela), 591–592, 593 Arhus Bay (Denmark), 154 Atrato swamp (Colombia), 124 Apurímac River (Peru), 430 Ari Atoll (Maldives), 338 Atrek River, 256, 550 Apuseni Mountains (Romania), 449 Arial Khan (Bangladesh), 46 Attersee (Austria), 37 Aqsu-Zhabaghly Nature Reserve (Kazakhstan), Arizona (United States), 579 (Greece), 211, 213 284 Arkananía (Greece), 211 Attock Gorge (Pakistan), 413 Aquidaban River (Paraguay), 426 Arkansas (United States), 573 Atuel River (Argentina), 26 Aquitaine (France), 194 Arkansas River (United States), 576 Atyras (Kazakhstan), 286–287 Ar Rahad River (Sudan), 508 Arlberg Pass (Austria), 36 Auckland (New Zealand), 393, 394 Ar Rayyan (Qatar), 447 Armenia, 28, 28–29, 29t Aunuu Island (United States), 578 Arabat Spit (Ukraine), 561 Armenian Plateau, 28, 29 Ausa River (San Marino), 469 (Egypt), 167, 168, 170 Armorican Massif (France), 191 Australia, 31–35, 32, 35t Arabian Gulf. See Persian Gulf “A r m s o f o d .” See Bras d’Or Lake (Canada) , 32 Arabian Oryx Reserve (Oman), 409 Árnessýsla (Iceland), 238 Australian Antarctic Territory, 31 Arabian Peninsula, 472–473 Arno River (Italy), 271, 272, 273 Australian Capital Territory, 31 Arabian Plateau, 599 Arosa Estuary (Spain), 501 Australian Tectonic Plate Arabian Tectonic Plate Arquipélago dos Bijagós (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Australia, 31 Eritrea, 176 Arran (United Kingdom), 566, 568 Fiji, 184 Iran, 255 Ar-Razzazah (Iraq), 259 Indonesia, 249, 251 Israel, 266 Artibonite Plain (Haiti), 231–232 New Zealand, 391 Jordan, 281 Artibonite River (Haiti), 230, 231–232 Papua New Guinea, 420 Kuwait, 300 Artibonito River (Dominican Republic), 160 Solomon Islands, 489 Lebanon, 310 Aru Islands (Indonesia), 252 Austria, 36–39, 37, 38t Pakistan, 411 Aruba, 29–31, 30, 390 Auyán Tepuy (Venezuela), 591 Qatar, 446 Arun River (Nepal), 385 Avalanches Saudi Arabia, 472–474 Arunachal Pradesh (India), 247 Kyrgyzstan, 302 United Arab Emirates, 562 Aruvi Aru River (Sri Lanka), 503–504 Switzerland, 518 Arafura Sea, 251, 252 (DROC), 131 Avarua (), 394 Aragats Lerr. See (Armenia) Asan Bay (Korea, Republic of), 298 Aveiro Lagoon (Portugal), 442 Arakan Mountains (Myanmar), 375 Asau (Samoa), 467 Avenue of the Volcanoes. See Inter-Andean Arakan Yoma Range (India), 244 Ascension (United Kingdom), 568 Lane (Ecuador) Árakhthos River (Greece), 212 Ash Shariqah (United Arab Emirates), 562–563 Aves Island (Venezuela), 592 Araks River. See Aras River Ashanti Uplands (Ghana), 207–208 Aveyron River (France), 191 Aral Sea, 584 Ashmore Island (Australia), 31, 34 Avon River (United Kingdom), 566 Kazakhstan, 286 Ashqelon-Ashdod (Israel), 268 Awaji Island (Japan), 279 Aran Islands (Ireland), 263 Ash-Shaqaya Peak (Kuwait), 300 Awash River (Ethiopia), 182 Aras River, 28, 29, 40 ‘ (Saudi Arabia), 472–473, 475 Axar Fjord (Iceland), 241 Arauca River, 124, 591 Ašmena Highland (Lithuania), 320 Ayapel Mountains (Colombia), 122 Arava (Israel), 268 Asphalt in Trinidad and Tobago, 542 Aydin Mountains (Turkey), 546 Aravali Range (India), 244 As-Summan Plateau (Saudi Arabia), 472 Ayers Rock. See Uluru Rock (Australia) Arboletes (Colombia), 124 Astana (Kazakhstan), 288 Ayeyarwady River. See Irrawaddy River Arbuka Island (Estonia), 180 Astola (Pakistan), 413 (Myanmar) Archaeology Astrolabe Bay (Papua New Guinea), 422 Ayrag Nuur Lake (Mongolia), 365 Malaysia, 334 Asunción (Paraguay), 425, 427 Az Zawr (Kuwait), 300

640 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 641 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Azerbaijan, 39, 39–41, 40t Balsas River (Mexico), 352, 355 Barrancas. See Canyons Azores (Portugal), 440, 442 Baltic Highlands (Lithuania), 320 Barrier Dam (The Netherlands), 388 Azov Upland (Ukraine), 559 Baltic states Barrier reefs Azraq Oasis (Jordan), 282 Estonia, 178–180 Belize, 56 Aztec Empire, 354 Latvia, 307–309 Martinique, 346 Azuero Peninsula (Panama), 419 Lithuania, 320–322 Mexico, 355 Azul River (Guatemala), 221 Baltoro (Pakistan), 411 Micronesia, 358, 359 Baluchistan Plateau (Pakistan), 411–414 Palau, 416 Bamako (Mali), 341 Turks and Caicos Islands, 552–553 B Bamenda Highlands (Nigeria), 402, 403 See also Coral reefs

Ba River (Fiji), 184 Bamingui River (Central African Republic), Barro Colorado wildlife refuge (Panama), 418 Index Mountains (Afghanistan), 2–3 105 Barrow River (Ireland), 263 Babelthuap (Palau), 415–416 Banaba Island (Kiribati), 292, 293 Bartlett Trough, 146, 274 Babuyan (The Philippines), 434 Banados del Este Franja Costers (Uruguay), Basalt Desert. See Bâc River (Moldova), 361 582 Basawakkulan Reservoir (Sri Lanka), 503 Bactiara River Canyon (Iran), 255 Banana Bay (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 461 Basel (Switzerland), 519–520 Badanjilin Shamo (China), 120 Banana Islands (Sierra Leone), 481 (The Philippines), 435 Badigeru Swamp (Sudan), 508 Bananal Island (Brazil), 76 Bass Strait (Australia), 33, 34 Badiyat ash Sham Plateau (Saudi Arabia), 472 Banat (Romania), 448 Bassas da India (France), 192 Badly Beacon (Belize), 56 Banat Mountains (Romania), 449 Basse-Terre island (Guadeloupe), 218–219 Baetic Cordillera Mountains (Spain), 500–501 Banc d’Arguin National Park (Mauritania), 348 Bassenthwaite Lake (England), 566 Baffin Bay, 99, 215 Banda Sea, 251 Basseterre (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 461 (Canada), 99 Bandai-Asahi National Park (Japan), 278 Bassin Blanc (Mauritius), 351 Bafing River (Mali), 341 Bandai Plateau (Japan), 277 Bataan Peninsula (The Philippines), 435 Bagirmi. See Chari-Baguirmi (Chad) Bandama River (Côte d’Ivoire), 139 Batan (The Philippines), 434 Bah el Arab River (Sudan), 508 Bandarban Hill Tract (Bangladesh), 45 Batanghari River (Indonesia), 251 The Bahamas, 41–43, 42 Bandar-e Anzali (Iran), 257 Batéké Plateau (Republic of the Congo), 134 (Egypt), 170 Bandar-e Lengeh (Iran), 257 Batinah Plain (Oman), 409 Bahía de Campeche (Mexico), 355 Bandar-e Torkeman Lagoon (Iran), 257 Bathurst Island (Australia), 34 Bahía de Monte Cristi. See Bay of Monte Cristi Band-e Amir (Afghanistan), 3 Batinah Coast (United Arab Emirates), 563 (Dominican Republic) Bandiagara Plateau (Mali), 340 Batticaloa (Sri Lanka), 503 Bahía de Neiba. See Bay of Neiba (Dominican Bandon River (Ireland), 263 Batumi (Georgia), 201, 202 Republic) Bangfai River (Laos), 306 Baucau (East Timor), 162 Bahía de Paita (Peru), 430 Banggi Island (Malaysia), 335 Baulai River (Bangladesh), 46 Bahía de Samaná. See Bay of Samaná Banghiang River (Laos), 306 Bauxite (Dominican Republic) Bangka (Indonesia), 252 Guinea, 224 Bahía de Sechura (Peru), 430 Bangkok (Thailand), 535 Guyana, 229 Bahktegan Lake (Iran), 256 Bangla State (India), 242 Jamaica, 275 Bahr Al-Jabal. See White Nile (Sudan) Bangladesh, 45–48, 46, 47t, 242 Bavaria (Germany), 204 Bahr el Ghazal (Chad), 109 Bango Faros (Gambia), 198 Bavarian Alps, 202 Bahr Salamat (Chad), 109 Bangweulu Swamp (Zambia), 607 Bavarian Forest (Germany), 206 Bahrain, 43, 43–44, 44t Bani River (Mali), 341 Bay Islands. See Islas de la Bahía (Honduras) Baie de Lévrier (Mauritania), 348 Banjarmasin River (Indonesia), 250 Bay of Bengal, 47, 245, 376 Baie du Marin (Martinique), 346 Banjul (Gambia), 198–199 Bay of Kotor (Yugoslavia), 604 Baiyangdian Lake (China), 118 Bank Islands (Vanuatu), 587 Bay of Monte Cristi (Dominican Republic), Baja California Peninsula (Mexico), 352–356 (Canada), 99 160 Bajuni Islands (Somalia), 492 Banks Peninsula (New Zealand), 393 Bay of Neiba (Dominican Republic), 159, 160 Peninsula (Cameroon), 92 Bantry Bay (Ireland), 263 Bay of Plenty (New Zealand), 393, 394 Baker Island (United States), 577 Bantu (Zambia), 608 Bay of Port-au-Prince (Haiti), 231 Bakhuis Mountains (Suriname), 510 Banyas River (Israel), 267 Bay of Samaná (Dominican Republic), 160 Bakir River (Turkey), 549 Baobab trees, Madagascar, 330 Bay of Wrecks (Kiribati), 293 Bakony Mountains (Hungary), 235, 237–238 Bara Issa River (Mali), 341 Bayan Mountains (Afghanistan), 3 Bakoye River (Mali), 341 Barada River (Syria), 523 Bayanzag Canyon (Mongolia), 364 Baku (Azerbaijan), 40, 41 Barail Range (India), 244 Bays. See names of specific bays Bal Ghutah Oasis (Syria), 523 Baraka River, 177, 508 Bazardyuze (Azerbaijan), 40 , 335 Barba volcano (Costa Rica), 136 Bazaruto Archipelago (Mozambique), 373 Balbi (Papua New Guinea), 421 Barbados, 48–49, 49, 49t Bazaruto Island (Mozambique), 373 Balboa (Panama), 419 Barents Island, 406 Beaches Balearic Islands (Spain), 500 Barents Sea, 405, 455 Anguilla, 16 Bali (Indonesia), 249, 252 Bargushat River (Armenia), 29 Antigua, 22 , 251 Barisan Mountains (Indonesia), 249 Argentina, 26 Baljkh River (Syria), 522 Barito River (Indonesia), 251 Aruba, 30 Balkan Mountains (Bulgaria), 82, 84 Barlavento (Cape Verde), 102 Australia, 34 Ballon de Guebwiller (France), 191 Barlett Deep (Cayman Islands), 104 The Bahamas, 42 Balsam Coast. See Costa de Bálsamo (El River (Ethiopia), 182 Bahrain, 44 Salvador) Barra (Mozambique), 373 Bangladesh, 47 Balsas Depression (Mexico), 356 Barranca del Cobre (Mexico), 354 Barbados, 49

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 641 Geodata.book Page 642 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Barbuda, 22 Turks and Caicos Islands, 553 , 455 Belgium, 54 United States, 578 Berkner Island (Antarctica), 20 Belize, 56 Vanuatu, 587 Berlin (Germany), 206 Bermuda, 61 Venezuela, 592 Berlin Wall, 206 Brazil, 76 Yemen, 600–601 Bermejito River (Argentina), 26 British Virgin Islands, 79 Yugoslavia, 604 Bermejo River (Argentina), 26 Bulgaria, 83 Beachy Head (United Kingdom), 569 Bermuda, 59–61, 60, 61t, 568 Cameroon, 94 Beardmore Glacier (Antarctica), 19 Bermuda Triangle, 60 Cape Verde, 102 , 244, 413 (Switzerland), 518 Cayman Islands, 104 Beata Island (Dominican Republic), 160 Beskid Mountains, 485 Comoros, 127 Beau Bassin/Rose Hill (Mauritius), 351 Betanza Estuary (Spain), 501 Costa Rica, 137 Beaufort Sea (Canada), 99 Betpaqdala (Kazakhstan), 287 Cuba, 146–147 Beerenberg volcano (Norway), 407 Betruit (Malaysia), 335 Cyprus, 149 Beeshazar Tal (Nepal), 385 (Madagascar), 329 Djibouti, 156 Bei Shan (China), 117 Bette Peak. See Bjkks Bjttj (Libya) Dominican Republic, 160 (China), 118 Bhanrer Hills (India), 244 East Timor, 163 Beirut (Lebanon), 311 Bhubanswar. See Arial Khan (Bangladesh) Egypt, 169 Beitbridge (Zimbabwe), 610 Bhumiphol Reservoir (Thailand), 534 El Salvador, 172–173 Bejaï Plain (Algeria), 10 Bhutan, 61–64, 62 Eritrea, 177 Bekáa Valley (Lebanon), 310, 311 Bicol Peninsula (The Philippines), 433 Fiji, 185 Bekambeushi-shitsugen (Japan), 278 Bié Plateau (Angola), 13 France, 192 Belait District (Brunei), 80 Bíelé Karpaty Mountains, 485 French Guiana, 195 Belait River (Brunei), 80 Big Sand Cay Island (Turks and Caicos Gambia, 198, 199 Belarus, 50, 50–52, 51t Islands), 553 Greece, 213 Belau. See Palau Bighorn Range (United States), 573 Grenada, 217 Belém (Brazil), 76 Bighorn River (United States), 576 Iceland, 241 Belgian Lorraine, 52 Bight of Benin, 58, 403 Indonesia, 252 Belgium, 52–55, 53, 54t Bight of , 175, 403 Iran, 257 Belian Cave (Slovakia), 485 Bihor Mountains (Romania), 448–449 Ireland, 263, 264 Belitung (Indonesia), 252 Bikini Atoll (Marshall Islands), 344, 345 Italy, 272 Belize, 55, 55–57, 57t Bjkks Bjttj (Libya), 316, 318 Jamaica, 275 Belize Barrier Reef, 56 Bilauktaung Range (Thailand), 533–534 Japan, 279 Belize River, 55–57, 221 Bíle Karpaty Mountains (Czech Republic), 151 Jordan, 283 Belle Sound (Turks and Caicos Islands), 553 Biltine highland (Chad), 108 Kenya, 291 Belle-Île-En-Mer (France), 192 Bilugyun Island (Myanmar), 376 Latvia, 309 Bellevue de l’Inini (French Guiana), 195 Binacka Morava River (Macedonia), 326 Libya, 316 Bellingshausen, Fabian von, 20 Bintimani. See Mount Loma Mansa (Sierra Madagascar, 329 Bellingshausen Sea (Antarctica), 20 Leone) Malaysia, 335 Bellona Island (Solomon Islands), 489 Bío-Bío River (Chile), 113 Maldives, 338 Bell’s Beach (Australia), 34 Biosphere Reserve of the Upper Orinoco- Malta, 343 Belorussian Ridge (Belarus), 50 Casiquiare (Venezuela), 593 Martinique, 346, 347 Belovezhskaya Pushcha Reserve (Belarus), 51 Biosphere reserves Mauritius, 351 Belvedere Park (Vatican City), 588 El Salvador, 173 Mexico, 355, 357 (Scotland), 566 Nicaragua, 398 Monaco, 362 Benelux countries Sri Lanka, 504 Mozambique, 373 Belgium, 52–55 Uruguay, 582 Nauru, 381, 382 Luxembourg, 322–324 Venezuela, 593 Pakistan, 413 The Netherlands, 386–389 Bir Maqsur (Yemen), 599 Palau, 416 Bengal tigers, 245 Bird Island (South Africa), 496 Puerto Rico, 445 Benghazi (Libya), 316 Birds, 341, 385 Romania, 450 Benguela Current, 14–15, 134–135, 197, 379 Argentina, 26 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 461 Benguerra Island (Mozambique), 373 Belize, 56 Saint Lucia, 463 Beni River (Bolivia), 66 India, 245 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 464 Benin, 57–59, 58, 59t Iran, 257 Samoa, 467 “Benin window,” 59 Ireland, 263, 264 São Tomé and Príncipe, 471 Bénoué River (Cameroon), 94 Mauritania, 348 Seychelles, 479 Bentley Subglacial Trench (Antarctica), 19 Namibia, 379 Slovenia, 488 Benue River (Nigeria), 401, 402–403 The Netherlands, 388 Somalia, 492–493 Bequia Island (Saint Vincent and the New Zealand, 393 South Africa, 496 Grenadines), 464 Oman, 409 Spain, 501 Berbak National Park (Indonesia), 251 Pakistan, 413 Sri Lanka, 504 Berbice River (Guyana), 227–228, 229 Panama, 418 Tanzania, 532 Berchtesgaden (Germany), 202 Papua New Guinea, 421, 423 Togo, 538 Berezina River, 50–51, 560 The Philippines, 434 Tonga, 539 Bergslagen (Sweden), 517 Sierre Leone, 482 Trinidad and Tobago, 541–542 Bering Coast Uplands (United States), 573 Sri Lanka, 504 Turkey, 548 Bering Sea, 455 Thailand, 534–535

642 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 643 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Turkey, 548 Boma National Park (Sudan), 508 Brienzersee (Switzerland), 519 Venezuela, 592–593 Boma Plateau (Sudan), 507 Brindisi (Italy), 272 Zambia, 606–607 Bombay. See Mumbai (India) Brisbane (Australia), 35 Bird’s Head Peninsula (Indonesia), 252 (Madagascar), 329 Bristol Bay (United States), 578 Birket Qarsn (Egypt), 169 Bombom Island (São Tomé and Príncipe), 471 Bristol Channel (United Kingdom), 569 Birkirkara (Malta), 343 Bon Pays. See Gutland (Luxembourg) Britain. See Great Britain (United Kingdom) Birth control, Albania, 7 Bonaire (Netherlands Antilles), 390 British Honduras. See Belize Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan), 304 Bondi Beach (Australia), 34 British Indian Ocean Territory (United Bismarck Archipelago (Papua New Guinea), Bondoc Peninsula (The Philippines), 435 Kingdom), 568 422 Bone Gulf, 252 (United Kingdom), 564, 567–568 78–80, (Papua New Guinea), 420 Bong Range (Liberia), 314 British Virgin Islands, 79, 568 Index Bismarck Sea, 422 Bongo Mountains (Central African Republic), (France), 192 Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), 225–226 105 Brocken Peak (Germany), 204 Bitterroot Range (United States), 573 Bonin Islands (Japan), 279 Brooks Range (United States), 574 Biu Plateau (Nigeria), 402 Bonthe (Sierra Leone), 481 Brothers Islands (Yemen), 600 Black Desert, 283 Booby Island (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 461 Brugge-Zeebrugge Canal (Belgium), 53 Black Forest (Germany), 204, 206 Book of Revelation (St. John), 213 Brunei, 80–81, 81, 81t, 248 Black Hills (United States), 571, 575 Boon Tsagaan Lake (Mongolia), 365 , 336 Black (Bhutan), 62 Border disputes. See Territorial disputes Brunei River (Brunei), 80 Black Mountains (Wales), 566 Boreal forests, Canada, 100 Brussels (Belgium), 52 (Jamaica), 274 Borena plain (Ethiopia), 183 Bryce Canyon (United States), 575 Black River (Vietnam), 595 Borgo Maggiore (San Marino), 469 Bsharrj (Lebanon), 311 Black River Range (Mauritius), 350–351 Borneo, 248, 252, 333–336 Buada Lagoon (Nauru), 382 River, 84–85, 208 Bornholm Island (Denmark), 154 Bubaque (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Blacksod Bay (Ireland), 263 Bosawás Biosphere Reserve (Nicaragua), 398 Bsbiyan (Kuwait), 301 Blackwater River (Ireland), 263 Boshavica River (Macedonia), 325 Buccoo Reef (Trinidad and Tobago), 541 Blanca Bay (Argentina), 26 Bosna River (Bosnia and Herzegovina), 69 Bucharest (Romania), 450 (Malawi), 331, 333 Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBH), 68–70, 69, 70t Budapest (Hungary), 236–237, 238 Bloemfontein (South Africa), 498 Bmsm Peninsula (Japan), 279 Buddhism, sacred mountain peaks, 117 Blue Hills (Turks and Caicos Islands), 552 Bosque El Imposible (El Salvador), 173–174 Buenaventura (Colombia), 125 Blue Lagoon (Malta), 343 Boston (United States), 578 Buenë River (Albania), 6 Blue Lagoon (Nauru). See Buada Lagoon Botanical medicines. See Medicinal plants Buenos Aires (Argentina), 26, 27 (Nauru) Boteti River (Botswana), 72 Bug River, 51, 438, 559–561 Blue Mountain Peak (Jamaica), 274 Botev (Bulgaria), 82 Bugti Hills (Pakistan), 412 (DROC), 130 Bothnian Coast (Sweden), 516 Buhayrat al Assad. See Lake Al-Asad (Syria) Blue Mountains (Jamaica), 274, 275 Botswana, 70–73, 71, 72t Buir Lake (Mongolia), 365 Blue Nile River, 182, 506–509 Bougainville (Papua New Guinea), 422, 423 Buka (Papua New Guinea), 422 Blue poppies, Bhutan, 63 Boundary disputes. See Territorial disputes Bukidnon-Lanao Plateau (The Philippines), Blue Ridge Mountains (United States), 571, Bouregreg River (Morocco), 369 433, 434, 435 573–574 Bournemouth (England), 570 Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (Singapore), 484 Blue Stack Mountains (Ireland), 262 Bouvet Island (Norway), 407 (Romania), 450 The Bluff (Cayman Islands), 103 Boyacá plateau (Colombia), 123 Bulawayo (Zimbabwe), 611 Bo Hai (China), 119 Boyne River (Ireland), 263 Bulgan River (Mongolia), 365 Boa Vista (Cape Verde), 102 Boyoma Falls (DROC), 131 Bulgaria, 82–84, 83, 84t Boaz Island (Bermuda), 60 Brac Island (Croatia), 143 Bumtang River (Bhutan), 63 Bobotov Kuk (Yugoslavia), 602 Bradano River (Italy), 271 Bundala National Park (Sri Lanka), 504 Boby Peak (Madagascar), 327 , 45, 46, 63, 244, 245 Bung Khong Long (Thailand), 535 Bocas del Toro Archipelago (Panama), 418, 419 Brakna (Mauritania), 348 Bung Nong Han (Thailand), 534 Bodele Depression (Chad), 110 Bran Castle (Romania), 449 Bur Sudan. See Port Sudan (Sudan) Bodensee. See Lake Constance Branco River (Brazil), 74 Buraydah (Saudi Arabia), 473 (Greece), 211 Brandberg Massif (Namibia), 378 Burgaski Zaliv (Bulgaria), 83 Bogdaš (Yugoslavia), 602 Branfield (Antarctica), 21 Buri Peninsula (Eritrea), 177 Boggy Peak (Antigua), 22 Brantas River (Indonesia), 251 Burica Peninsula (Panama), 419 Bogland. See Wetlands Bras d’Or Lake (Canada), 98 Burkina Faso, 84–86, 85, 86t (Czech Republic), 150–152 Brassey Range (Malaysia), 334 Burma. See Myanmar Bohemian Forest, 151, 206 Bratislava (Slovakia), 485 Burnt Island. See Islas Quemadas (El Salvador) Bohemian highlands (Austria), 36, 37 Bratsk Reservoir (Russia), 454 Burnt Mountain (Namibia), 379 Bohemian-Moravian highlands (Czech Brava (Cape Verde), 102 The Burren (Ireland), 264 Republic), 151 Brazil, 73–78, 75, 77t Bursa (Turkey), 547 (The Philippines), 433, 434 , 73–74 Buru (Indonesia), 252 Boiling Lake (Dominica), 157, 158 Breaksea Sound (New Zealand), 393 Burundi, 86–89, 87, 88t Bojana River (Yugoslavia), 604 Brecon Beacons (Wales), 566 Buruntuma (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Bokn Fjord (Norway), 407 Bregalnica River (Macedonia), 326 Busanga Swamp (Zambia), 607 Bolama (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Breidamerkurjökull (Iceland), 240 Bush Cay Island (Turks and Caicos Islands), Bolívar Peak (Venezuela), 590 Breidha Fjord (Iceland), 241 553 Bolivia, 64–68, 65, 68t Brenner Pass, 36 Bsshehr (Iran), 257 Bolovens Plateau (Laos), 305, 306 Bridgetown (Barbados), 49 Bsshehr Bay, 257

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 643 Geodata.book Page 644 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Bushveld (South Africa), 494–495 Canal du Midi (France), 192 Yugoslavia, 602 Buško Blato (Bosnia and Herzegovina), 69 Canal du Nivernais (France), 192 See also names of specific canyons Buttermere Lake (England), 566 Canals Cao, Diogo, 380 Butuan Bay, 435 Belarus, 51 Cap Blanc Peninsula (Mauritania), 348 Buurgplaatz (Luxembourg), 323 Belgium, 53 Cap Point (Saint Lucia), 463 Büyükmenderes River (Turkey), 548 China, 119 Cap Timiris (Mauritania), 348 Buyyk Agri Dagi. See (Turkey) Egypt, 169–170 Cap Vert Peninsula (Senegal), 476–477 Búzi River (Mozambique), 372 France, 192 Cape Adare (Antarctica), 21 Germany, 205 Cape Agulhas (South Africa), 496 Iran, 255 Cape Andreas (Cyprus), 148, 149 C Kazakhstan, 286 Cape Arnauti (Cyprus), 149 Ca Mau Peninsula. See Mui Bai Bung Madagascar, 329 Cape Belle Tete (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 461 (Vietnam) The Netherlands, 388 Cape Bon (Tunisia), 543 Cabeza de Duende (El Salvador), 172 Panama, 417 Cape Breton Island (Canada), 99 Cabina (Angola), 13 Sri Lanka, 503 Cape Brett (New Zealand), 393 Cablake (East Timor), 162 Turkmenistan, 551 Cape Carvoeiro (Portugal), 442 Cabo de Gata. See Cape Gata (Spain) United Kingdom, 566–567 Cape Changgi (Korea, Republic of), 298 Cabo de la Nao. See Cape Nao (Spain) Uzbekistan, 585 Cape Chelyuskin (Russia), 455 Cabo de Sines (Portugal), 442 See also names of specific canals Cape Cod (United States), 578 Cabot Strait (Canada), 99 Canaries River (Saint Lucia), 462 Cape Codera (Venezuela), 590 Cabrera Island (Spain), 500 Canary Islands (Spain), 500 Cape Comorin (India), 246 Cacheu River (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Cancún (Mexico), 355 Cape Corrientes (Colombia), 125 Cacine River (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Candaba Swamp (The Philippines), 434 Cape Corrientes (Mexico), 355 Cagayan River (The Philippines), 433, 434 Canelles River (Saint Lucia), 462 Cape Cross (Namibia), 380 Cagayan Valley (The Philippines), 435 j (South Africa), 495 Cape Darbat ’Al (Oman), 410 Caha Mountains (Ireland), 262 Cañon del Colca (Peru), 428 Cape Datu (Indonesia), 252 Cahora Bassa Dam (Mozambique), 372, 374 Cape Delgado (Mozambique), 373 Cañon del Cotahuasi (Peru), 428 Caicos Passage, 41–42, 553 Cape Disappointment (United States), 578 Canouan Island (Saint Vincent and the Caille Island (Grenada), 217 Cape Elea (Cyprus), 149 Grenadines), 464 Cairngorm Mountains (Scotland), 566 Cape Emine (Bulgaria), 83 Cantabrian Mountains (Spain), 441, 499–501 Cairngorm Plateau (Scotland), 566 Cape Erimo (Japan), 279 Canterbury Bight (New Zealand), 393 Cajone Cays (Honduras), 233 Cape Espichel (Portugal), 442 Canterbury Plains (New Zealand), 391, 394 Calabria Peninsula (Italy), 271, 272 Cape Farewell (Greenland). See Canyonlands (United States), 575 Calabrian-Sicilian earthquake (Italy), 269 Uummannarsuaq (Greenland) Canyons Calalien Pass (Marshall Islands), 344 Cape Farewell (New Zealand), 393 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 69 Calamian Group (The Philippines), 434 Cape Francés Viejo (Dominican Republic), 160 Burkina Faso, 85 Calcutta. See Kolkata (India) Cape fur seals, 380 China, 117 Caledon River (Lesotho), 312 Cape Gata (Cyprus), 149 Czech Republic, 151 Caledonian Canal (Scotland), 567 Cape Gata (Spain), 501 Ethiopia, 182 Cali (Colombia), 122 Cape Gracias a Dios, 234, 397 Guatemala, 220 California (United States), 578, 579 Cape Greco (Cyprus), 149 Honduras, 233 Callejón Interandino. See Inter-Andean Lane Cape Guardafui. See Ras Caseyr (Somalia) (Ecuador) India, 244 Cape Kamui (Japan), 279 Calving, icebergs and, 20 Indonesia, 250 Cape Kidnappers (New Zealand), 393 Camargue (France), 192 Iran, 255 Cape Kormakiti (Cyprus), 149 Camayenne Peninsula (Guinea), 224 Japan, 278 Cape Lara (Cyprus), 149 Cambembe Dam (Angola), 14 Laos, 306 (Gabon), 197 Cambodia, 89–92, 90, 91t Macedonia, 325 Cape Madonna (Slovenia), 488 Cambrian Mountains (Wales), 564, 566 Mexico, 354 (Liberia), 315 Cameron Highlands (Malaysia), 334 Mongolia, 364 Cape Moem (Papua New Guinea), 422 Cameroon, 92–95, 93, 95t Myanmar, 375 Cape Morris Jessup (Greenland), 215 Cameroon Mountains, 92 Namibia, 379 Cape Moule à Chique (Saint Lucia), 463 Cameroun. See Cameroon Nepal, 384 Cape Mount (Liberia), 315 Cammon Plateau (Laos), 305, 306 Nicaragua, 396 Cape Nag’s Head (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 461 , 434 Pakistan, 413 Cape Nao (Spain), 500, 501 Campania (Italy), 272 Panama, 417 Cape Negrais (Myanmar), 376 Campine. See Kempenland (Belgium) Papua New Guinea, 421 Cape Nelson (Papua New Guinea), 422 Campo River (Cameroon), 94 Peru, 428 Cape of Good Hope (South Africa), 496 Campobello Island (Canada), 99 The Philippines, 433 Cape Palliser (New Zealand), 393 Camps Bay Beach (South Africa), 496 Slovenia, 488 (Liberia), 315 Canada, 95–101, 96, 100t Somalia, 491 Cape (Spain), 501 Canada Basin, 99 Sri Lanka, 503 Cape Reinga (New Zealand), 393 Canadian River (United States), 576 Thailand, 534 Cape Reykjanes (Iceland), 241 Canadian Rockies, 96–97 Turkey, 547 Cape Ristna (Estonia), 179 , 96–100, 573 United States, 574–575 Cape St. Vicente (Portugal), 442 Canaima (Venezuela), 591 Venezuela, 591 Cape San Agustin (The Philippines), 435 Canaima National Park (Venezuela), 592–593 Yemen, 599 Cape Santa Clara (Gabon), 197

644 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 645 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Cape (Portugal), 442 Casamance River (Senegal), 476–477 Central Highlands (Colombia), 122, 124 Cape São Roque (Brazil), 76 Cascade Range (United States), 574 Central Highlands (Nicaragua), 395–398 Cape São Tomé (Brazil), 76 Casiquiare Channel (Venezuela), 591 Central Highlands (Republic of the Congo), Cape Shiretoko-Masakai (Japan), 279 , 285 134 Cape Smya (Japan), 279 Caspian Sea Central Highlands (Vietnam), 594–597 Cape Town (South Africa), 494, 496–498 Azerbaijan, 40 Central (Afghanistan), 2–3 Cape Tres Puntas (Argentina), 26 Iran, 257–258 Central Karroo. See Great Karroo Plateau Cape Verde, 101–103, 102, 103t Kazakhstan, 286–287 (South Africa) Cape Verga (Guinea), 224 Russia, 453–454 Central Lowlands (Germany), 205 Cape Vilanandro (Madagascar), 329 wetlands, 257 Central Lowlands (Paraguay), 424–427

Cape Ward Hunt (Papua New Guinea), 422 Cassiar Range (Canada), 97 Central Lowlands (Scotland), 564, 570 Index Cape Wrath (United Kingdom), 569 Castle Harbor (Bermuda), 60 Central Luzon Plain (The Philippines), 434 (Australia), 34, 35 Castles (administrative divisions). See Central Mesa. See Meseta Central (Spain) Capernaum Valley (Israel), 266 Administrative divisions Central Mexico, 352 Capri (Italy), 272 Castries (Saint Lucia), 463 Central Midlands (England), 566 Caprivi Strip (Namibia), 377, 380 Cat Ba Island (Vietnam), 595, 597 Central Mountains (Cuba), 145 Caquetá River (Colombia), 124 Cat Island (The Bahamas), 41, 42 Central (Argentina), 24, 27 Caracas (Venezuela), 590–591 Catalonia (Spain), 502 Central Plains (Australia), 31, 35 Caravéla (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Cataratas Iguaçu. See Iguazú Falls Central Plateau (Haiti), 230 Caraxe (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Cattle ranching. See Ranching and grazing Central Plateau (Mexico), 352–357 Carbet (Martinique), 346 Cauca River (Colombia), 124 Central Plateau (Rwanda), 458–459 Carcarañá River (Argentina), 26 Cauca Valley (Colombia), 126 Central Plateau (Switzerland). See Mittleland Cardamom. See Krâvanh Range (Cambodia) Caucasus Mountains (Russia), 453 Central Plateau (Tanzania), 531 Cardigan Bay (Wales), 569 Caura River (Venezuela), 592 Central Range (Taiwan), 525 Cargados Carajos (Mauritius), 351 Cauto River (Cuba), 146 Central Range (Trinidad and Tobago), 541– Caribbean Coastal Plain (Dominican Cavalla River, 139, 314 542 Republic), 161 Cave paintings, El Salvador, 172 (Russia), 451, 454, 457 Caribbean Islands. See specific islands Cave Sandstone Foothills (Lesotho), 312, 313 Central Suriname Wilderness Nature Caribbean Tectonic Plate Caves Reservation (Suriname), 511 Aruba, 30 Bulgaria, 82 Central Uplands (Germany), 203–206 Barbados, 48 El Salvador, 172 Central Valley (Chile), 112–113, 114 Cayman Islands, 103 Germany, 204 Central Valley (United States), 574, 579 Cuba, 145 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, Cephalonia (Greece), 212 Dominica, 157 295 Ceram (Indonesia), 249, 252 El Salvador, 171 Korea, Republic of, 298 Ceram Sea, 251 Guadeloupe, 218 Macedonia, 325 Cerknica (Slovenia), 488 Guatemala, 219–220 Malaysia, 334 Cerro Aconcagua (Argentina), 24 Honduras, 232 Morocco, 369 Cerro Catedral (Uruguay), 581 Jamaica, 274 Myanmar, 375 Cerro Colorado (Panama), 420 Martinique, 346 Slovakia, 485 (Puerto Rico), 444 Nicaragua, 395 Slovenia, 488 Cerro del Aripo. See Mount Aripo (Trinidad Panama, 417 South Africa, 495 and Tobago) Puerto Rico, 444 Cayman Bank, 104 Cerro El Pital (El Salvador), 172 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 460 Cayman Brac, 103–104 Cerro Fitz Roy (Argentina), 25 Saint Lucia, 462 Cayman Islands, 103–105, 104, 104t, 568 Cerro Jyamy (Peru), 428 Cariboo Range (Canada), 97 Cayman Ridge, 103, 146, 355 Cerro Las Minas (Honduras), 233 Carinthia (Austria), 37 , 104, 355 Cerro Mercedario (Argentina), 24 Carlingford Lough (Northern Ireland), 569 Cayon River (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 460, 461 Cerro Pináculo (Argentina), 25 Carlisle Bay (Barbados), 48 Cays Cerro Torre (Argentina), 25 Carney Island (Antarctica), 20 Belize, 56 Cerro Verde National Park (El Salvador), 172 Carnic Alps, 36, 269–270 Cuba, 146–147 Cestos River (Liberia), 314 Carnsore Point (Ireland), 263 Jamaica, 275 Ceuta, 368, 499 Carolinas (United States), 576 See also specific cays Ceyhan River (Turkey), 548 archipelago, 358, 415–416 Cébaco Island (Panama), 419 Chaabahar Bay (Iran), 257 Caroni Plain (Trinidad and Tobago), 542 (The Philippines), 434–435 Chacachacare Island (Trinidad and Tobago), Caroni River (Trinidad and Tobago), 541 Celebes. See Sulawesi (Indonesia) 541 Caroni Swamp (Trinidad and Tobago), 541 Celebes Sea. See Sulawesi Sea Chaco Boreal. See Chaco region Carpathian Basin, 235–238 , 263 Chaco region, 27, 424–427 Carpathian Mountains, 235, 437, 447–448, 450, Census divisions. See Administrative divisions Chad, 107–111, 109, 110t 559–561 Central African Republic, 105–107, 106, 107t Chaem River (Thailand), 534 Carriacou (Grenada), 217 Central Alps (Italy), 269–270 Chaeryo˘ng Plain (DPRK), 296 Carson Sink (United States), 575 Central , 233 Chagai Hills (Pakistan), 412 Carstenz Pyramid. See Puncak Jaya (Indonesia) Central Brahui Range (Pakistan), 412 Chagos Archipelago (United Kingdom), 568 Cartago basin (Costa Rica), 137 Central Depression (Papua New Guinea), 421 (Panama), 418 Carthage (Tunisia), 543 Central Fiji. See Lomaiviti (Fiji) Chaillu Massif (Gabon), 196 Cartier Island (Australia), 31, 34 Central Highlands (Afghanistan), 1, 2 Chaine de Mateaux (Haiti), 230 Casablanca (Morocco), 369 Central Highlands (Brazil), 74–75 (Kenya), 291

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 645 Geodata.book Page 646 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Chalcidice Peninsula (Greece), 212, 213 China, 115–121, 116, 120t, 121t, 242, 524 Civil war Chalkidhiki Peninsula. See Chalcidice Chincha Islands (Peru), 430 Angola, 15 Peninsula (Greece) Chindwin River (Myanmar), 375 Lebanon, 311 Chalky Inlet (New Zealand), 393 Chinko River (Central African Republic), 105 See also Wars Chambri Lakes (Papua New Guinea), 421–422 Chios (Greece), 212 Civitavecchia (Italy), 272 Chamelecón River (Honduras), 233 Chipya region, 608 Clare Island (Ireland), 263 Chang Jiang River (China), 117, 118, 119 Chiquimulilla Canal (Guatemala), 221 Clare River (Ireland), 263 Changane River (Mozambique), 372 Chiquinquirá plateau (Colombia), 123 Clarence River (New Zealand), 393 Changbai Shan (China), 117 Chirac, Jacques, 223 Clew Bay (Ireland), 263 Changjin River (DPRK), 295 Chiredzi (Zimbabwe), 610 Cliff of Angavo (Madagascar), 328 Changsan Cape (DPRK), 296 Chiriquí (Panama), 417 Cliff of Bongolava (Madagascar), 328 Changuinola River (Panama), 418 Chiriquí Lagoon (Panama), 419 Cliffs (Australia), 33 Chiriquí Viejo River (Panama), 418 Denmark, 154–155 (United Kingdom), 568 Chiri-san (Korea, Republic of), 297 France, 192 Channel Tunnel (United Kingdom), 567 Chirripó Grande (Costa Rica), 136 Germany, 205 Chanthaburi Range (Thailand), 534 Chisina˘u (Moldova), 360 Greece, 213 Chao Phraya River (Thailand), 533–535 Chitral Hills (Pakistan), 412 Madagascar, 328 Chao Phraya Valley (Thailand), 533 Chittagong (Bangladesh), 45, 47 Martinique, 346 Chaparé River (Bolivia), 66 Chobe River, 72, 379 Mauritius, 351 Chaparral. See Grasslands Chocó Plug. See Tapón del Chocó (Colombia) Oman, 409 Chapman’s Peak Drive (South Africa), 496 Chocolate Hills (The Philippines), 433 Romania, 450 Chappal Waddi (Nigeria), 402 Choiseul Island (Solomon Islands), 489–490 See also specific cliffs Charcot Island (Antarctica), 20 . See Clifton Beach (South Africa), 496 Chari-Baguirmi (Chad), 108 Choluteca River (Honduras), 233 Climate Chari River, 94, 105, 108, 109 Chomlungma. See Afghanistan, 3–4 Charleroi-Brussels Canal (Belgium), 53 Chomo Lhari (Bhutan), 62 Albania, 6 Chars. See Islands Algeria, 10 ’o˘ngch’o˘n River (DPRK), 295 Chashma Barrage (Pakistan), 413 Andorra, 12 Chonos Archipelago (Chile), 113 Chatham Islands (New Zealand), 393 Angola, 15 Cho’onji Lake (DPRK), 295 Chatyr-Kul (Kyrgyzstan), 303 Anguilla, 17 Choshui River (Taiwan), 525 Cheduba Island (Myanmar), 376 Antarctica, 21 Chota Nagpur (India), 244 Cheju Do (Korea, Republic of), 297–298, 298 Antigua, 22 Chota Nagpur Hills (India), 244 Cheju Island. See Cheju Do (Korea, Republic Argentina, 26–27 Chott el Djerid (Tunisia), 544 of) Armenia, 28, 29 Chott el Gharsa (Tunisia), 544 Cheleken Peninsula (Turkmenistan), 551 Aruba, 30 Chotts. See Salt lakes Chelif River (Algeria), 9 Australia, 34 Christ Church ridge (Barbados), 48 Chemama (Mauritania), 348 Austria, 38 Christchurch (New Zealand), 394 , 244, 413 Azerbaijan, 39–40, 40 (Australia), 31, 34 Chennai (India), 242, 245, 246 The Bahamas, 42 Christmas Island (Kiribati). See Kiritimati Chepo River (Panama), 418 Bahrain, 44 Island (Kiribati) Cherangai Hills (Kenya), 289 Bangladesh, 47 Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station (Ukraine), Christo Rei Beach (East Timor), 163 Barbados, 49 560 Chu River (Kyrgyzstan), 303 Barbuda, 22 Chernozem, 361 Chu Valley (Kyrgyzstan), 304 Belarus, 51 Cherrapunji (India), 246 Chubu region (Japan), 279 Belgium, 54 Cherskiy Range (Russia), 453 Chubut River (Argentina), 26 Belize, 56–57 (United States), 577–578 Chucunaque River (Panama), 418 Benin, 58–59 Cheviot Hills (United Kingdom), 566 Chugach Mountains (United States), 574 Bermuda, 61 (Thailand), 534 Chugoku region (Japan), 279 Bhutan, 63–64 (Thailand), 534 (Russia), 455 Bolivia, 67 Chiang Saen Lake. See Nong Bong Kai Chukchi Sea, 455 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 70 s (Thailand) Ch goku Mountains (Japan), 276 Botswana, 72 ˘ Chiapas (Mexico), 354 Ch’unch’on (Korea, Republic of), 298 Brazil, 76–78 Chiapas Highlands (Mexico), 354, 356 Churchill River (Canada), 98 British Virgin Islands, 79 Chibchas Indians, 126 Churia Hills. See Siwalik Hills Brunei, 81 Chicama River (Peru), 428 Churia Range. See Siwalik Hills Bulgaria, 83–84 Chico River (Argentina), 26 Chuuk Islands (Micronesia), 358–359 Burkina Faso, 85–86 Chilas-Gilgit (Pakistan), 414 Chyulu Range (Kenya), 290 Burundi, 88 Chile, 111–115, 112, 114t Ciandra Island (Somalia), 492 Cambodia, 90–91 Chilka Lake (India), 244, 245 Cibao Valley (Dominican Republic), 161, 231 Cameroon, 94 Chiloé Island (Chile), 113 Ciénaga de Los Olivitos (Venezuela), 592 Canada, 100 Chiltepe peninsula (Nicaragua), 396 Cimarron River (United States), 576 Cape Verde, 102 Chimanimani Mountains, 371 Ciovai Islands (Somalia), 492 Cayman Islands, 104 Chimborazo (Ecuador), 164 “City of Ghosts.” See Phae Muang Phi Central African Republic, 106 Ch’i-Mei Yü Island (Taiwan), 525 (Thailand) Chad, 110 Chin Hills (Myanmar), 375 Ciudad Bolívar (Venezuela), 591 Chile, 113–114 Ch’in Ling Shan. See Qinling Shandi (China) Ciula Island (Somalia), 492 China, 119–120

646 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 647 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Colombia, 125–126 Lithuania, 321 Sweden, 516 Comoros, 127 Luxembourg, 323–324 Switzerland, 519–520 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 132 Macedonia, 326 Syria, 523 Congo, Republic of, 135 Madagascar, 329 Taiwan, 526 Costa Rica, 137–138 Malawi, 332 Tajikistan, 528 Côte d’Ivoire, 140–141 Malaysia, 336 Tanzania, 532 Croatia, 143 Maldives, 338 Thailand, 535 Cuba, 147 Mali, 341 Togo, 538–539 Cyprus, 149 Malta, 343 Tonga, 539–540 Czech Republic, 152 Marshall Islands, 344–345 Trinidad and Tobago, 542

Denmark, 155 Martinique, 346 Tunisia, 544 Index Djibouti, 156 Mauritania, 348 Turkey, 548–549 Dominica, 158 Mauritius, 351 Turkmenistan, 551 Dominican Republic, 160–161 Mexico, 356 Turks and Caicos Islands, 553 East Timor, 163 Micronesia, 359 Tuvalu, 554–555 Ecuador, 166 Moldova, 361 Uganda, 558 Egypt, 169 Monaco, 362–363 Ukraine, 561 El Salvador, 173 Mongolia, 366 United Arab Emirates, 563 Equatorial Guinea, 175 Morocco, 369 United Kingdom, 569 Eritrea, 177–178 Mozambique, 373 United States, 578–579 Estonia, 180 Myanmar, 376 Uruguay, 582 Ethiopia, 183 Namibia, 380 Uzbekistan, 585 Fiji, 185 Nauru, 382 Vanuatu, 587–588 Finland, 188 Nepal, 385 Vatican City, 589 France, 193 The Netherlands, 389 Venezuela, 592 French Guiana, 195 Netherlands Antilles, 390 Vietnam, 596 Gabon, 197 New Zealand, 394 Virgin Islands, 598 Gambia, 199 Nicaragua, 397 Yem en, 601 Georgia, 201 Niger, 399–400 Yugoslavia, 604 Germany, 205 Nigeria, 403 Zambia, 607–608 Ghana, 209–210 Norway, 407 Zimbabwe, 610–611 Greece, 213 Oman, 410 Cloud forests. See Forests Greenland, 215–216 Pakistan, 413–414 Clutha River (New Zealand), 393 Grenada, 217 Palau, 416 Clyde River (Dominica), 157 Guadeloupe, 219 Panama, 419 Coal Guatemala, 221 Papua New Guinea, 422–423 Bangladesh, 48 Guinea, 224 Paraguay, 426 Belgium, 54–55 Guinea-Bissau, 226 Peru, 431 Czech Republic, 152 Guyana, 228 The Philippines, 435 Germany, 206 Haiti, 231 Poland, 439 Iran, 258 Honduras, 234 Portugal, 442–443 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, 297 Hungary, 237 Puerto Rico, 445 Korea, Republic of, 299 Iceland, 241 Qatar, 447 Mozambique, 374 India, 246 Romania, 450 Nigeria, 404 Indonesia, 252 Russia, 455–456 Poland, 440 Iran, 257–258 Rwanda, 459 Russia, 453, 457 Iraq, 261 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 461 Coast of Light. See Costa de la Luz (Spain) Ireland, 264 Saint Lucia, 463 Coast Ranges (United States), 574 Israel, 267 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 464–465 Coastal Lowlands. See Costa (Ecuador) Italy, 272 Samoa, 467–468 Coasts Jamaica, 275 San Marino, 469 Albania, 6 Japan, 280 São Tomé and Príncipe, 471 Algeria, 10 Jordan, 283 Saudi Arabia, 474–475 Angola, 14–15 Kazakhstan, 287 Senegal, 477 Anguilla, 16 Kenya, 291 Seychelles, 479 Antarctica, 21 Kiribati, 293–294 Sierra Leone, 481–482 Argentina, 26 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, 296 Singapore, 483–484 Australia, 34 Korea, Republic of, 299 Slovakia, 486 Azerbaijan, 40 Kuwait, 301 Slovenia, 488 Bahrain, 44 Kyrgyzstan, 303–304 Solomon Islands, 490 Bangladesh, 47 Laos, 306 Somalia, 493 Barbados, 48–49 Latvia, 309 South Africa, 497 Barbuda, 22 Lebanon, 311 Spain, 501 Belgium, 54 Lesotho, 313 Sri Lanka, 504 Belize, 56 Liberia, 315 Sudan, 508–509 Benin, 58 Libya, 317 Suriname, 511 Bermuda, 60–61 Liechtenstein, 319 Swaziland, 513 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 69

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 647 Geodata.book Page 648 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Brazil, 76 Mexico, 355–356 (Jamaica), 274 Brunei, 80–81 Micronesia, 359 Cockscomb Mountains (Belize), 56, 57 Bulgaria, 83 Monaco, 362 Coco-de-mer palm, 479 Cambodia, 90 Morocco, 369 Coco Island (Costa Rica), 137 Cameroon, 94 Mozambique, 373 Coco River (Honduras), 233 Canada, 99 Myanmar, 376 Cocos Islands (Australia), 31, 34 China, 119 Namibia, 380 Cocos Tectonic Plate Colombia, 125 The Netherlands, 388–389 Costa Rica, 136 Congo, Republic of, 134–135 New Zealand, 393 El Salvador, 171 Costa Rica, 137 Nicaragua, 397 Mexico, 352 Côte d’Ivoire, 140 Nigeria, 403 Nicaragua, 395 Croatia, 142 Norway, 404, 407 Panama, 417 Cuba, 146–147 Oman, 409–410 Codri Hills (Moldova), 360 Cyprus, 149 Pakistan, 413 Coetivy Island (Seychelles), 480 Denmark, 154–155 Palau, 416 Coffee Djibouti, 156 Panama, 419 East Timor, 162 Dominican Republic, 160 Papua New Guinea, 422 El Salvador, 174 East Timor, 163 Peru, 430 Nicaragua, 395, 398 Ecuador, 166 The Philippines, 435 Panama, 417 Egypt, 169 Poland, 438–439 Coiama Island (Somalia), 492 El Salvador, 172–173 Portugal, 442 Coiba Island (Panama), 419 Equatorial Guinea, 175 Puerto Rico, 445 Cold Canary Current (Cape Verde), 102 Estonia, 179 Qatar, 446 Colombia, 122–126, 123, 125t Fiji, 185 Romania, 450 Colombia Peninsula. See La Guajira Peninsula Finland, 188 Russia, 455 (Venezuela) France, 192 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 461 Colombo (Sri Lanka), 504 Gabon, 197 Saint Lucia, 463 Colón (Panama), 419 Gambia, 198 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 464 Colonia (Micronesia), 359 Georgia, 201 Samoa, 467 Colorado Piedmont (United States), 571 Germany, 205 São Tomé and Príncipe, 471 (United States), 574–576, 579 Ghana, 208–209 Saudi Arabia, 474 Colorado River, 355, 573–576 Greece, 213 Senegal, 477 Colorado River (Argentina), 26 Greenland, 215 Sierra Leone, 481 Colossus of Rhodes, 212 Grenada, 217 Singapore, 483 Columbia Plateau (United States), 574–575 Guatemala, 221 Slovenia, 488 Columbia River, 98, 574–575, 578 Guinea, 224 Somalia, 492–493 , Christopher Guinea-Bissau, 225–226 South Africa, 496 The Bahamas and, 42 Guyana, 228 Spain, 501 Saint Kitts and Nevis and, 460 Haiti, 231 Sri Lanka, 504 Columbus Passage. See Turks Island Passage Honduras, 233–234 Sudan, 508 (Turks and Caicos Islands) Iceland, 241 Suriname, 511 Columbus Reef (Belize), 56 India, 246 Taiwan, 525–526 Peak. See Pic de Coma Pederos Indonesia, 252 Tanzania, 532 (Andorra) Iran, 257 Thailand, 535 Comeragh Mountains (Ireland), 262 Iraq, 261 Togo, 538 Comino (Malta), 343–344 Ireland, 263 Trinidad and Tobago, 541–542 Cominotto (Malta), 343 Israel, 267 Tunisia, 544 Commerce and industry Italy, 272 Turkey, 548 Belarus, 51 Jamaica, 275 Turks and Caicos Islands, 553 Denmark, 155 Japan, 279 Tuvalu, 554 Estonia, 180 Jordan, 283 Ukraine, 560–561 France, 194 Kazakhstan, 286–287 United Arab Emirates, 563 Greece, 214 Kenya, 290–291 United Kingdom, 568–569 Japan, 281 Kiribati, 293 United States, 578 Liechtenstein, 319 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, 296 Uruguay, 582 Luxembourg, 324 Korea, Republic of, 298 Venezuela, 592 The Netherlands, 389 Kuwait, 301 Vietnam, 596 Russia, 457 Latvia, 308–309 Virgin Islands, 598 Singapore, 484 Lebanon, 311 Yemen, 600–601 Taiwan, 526 Liberia, 315 Yugoslavia, 604 United Kingdom, 570 Libya, 316 Cobourg Peninsula (Australia), 34 See also Manufacturing Lithuania, 321 Cochabamba-Santa Cruz highway (Bolivia), 68 Commewijne River (Suriname), 511 Madagascar, 329 Cochin (India), 245 Commonwealth of Australia. See Australia Malaysia, 335–336 Cockburn Harbor (Turks and Caicos Islands), Commonwealth of the Bahamas. See The Martinique, 346 553 Bahamas Mauritania, 348 Cockburn Town (Turks and Caicos Islands), Communism Peak. See Qullai Ismoili Somoni Mauritius, 351 553 (Tajikistan)

648 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 649 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Como (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Marshall Islands, 344 Cordillera Occidental Comoros, 126–128, 127, 127t Martinique, 346 Bolivia, 65–67 Compagna (Italy), 272 Mauritius, 350, 351 Colombia, 122 Comté River (French Guiana), 195 Mexico, 355 Ecuador, 164–165 Conakry (Guinea), 224 Micronesia, 358–359 Peru, 428 Concepción (Paraguay), 426, 427 Mozambique, 372, 373 Cordillera Oriental Conchos River (Mexico), 354 Myanmar, 376 Bolivia, 65–67 Congo, Democratic Republic of the (DROC), Nauru, 382 Colombia, 122–123 128–133, 129, 132t Nicaragua, 396 Dominican Republic, 159–160 Congo, Republic of the 133–136, 134, 135t Palau, 416 Ecuador, 164–165

Congo Basin, 128–129, 134–135 Panama, 418 Peru, 428 Index , 13, 105, 128–131, 134 Papua New Guinea, 422 Cordillera Real. See Cordillera Oriental, Congo-Nile Ridge (Rwanda), 458 The Philippines, 434 Bolivia Coniston Lake (England), 566 Qatar, 446 Cordillera Septentrional (Dominican Connecticut River (United States), 576 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 461 Republic), 159 Connetables (French Guiana), 195 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 464 Cordillera Talamanca (Panama), 417 Conservation. See Environmental protection Samoa, 467 Cordilleras. See Mountains K Constantinople. See stambul (Turkey) Saudi Arabia, 474 Cordon littoral. See Sandbars Contador River (São Tomé and Príncipe), 470 Seychelles, 478–479 Corfu (Greece), 212 Contadora Island (Panama), 419 Solomon Islands, 489 Corinth (Greece), 212 Continental Divide (United States), 571 South Africa, 496 Cork (Ireland), 263, 264 Cook Inlet (United States), 577 Sri Lanka, 504 Corn Islands (Nicaragua), 396 Cook Islands, 391, 393–394 Thailand, 535 Cornwall (England), 566, 569 Cook Strait (New Zealand), 391, 393 Togo, 538 (India), 246 Cooper’s Creek (Australia), 33 Tonga, 539 Corpus Christi (United States), 578 Copacabana (Brazil), 76 Corsica (France), 189, 192 Trinidad and Tobago, 541 Copiapó (Chile), 114 Corubal River (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Turks and Caicos Islands, 552–553 Copiapó River (Chile), 113 Çoruh River (Turkey), 548 Tuvalu, 554 Coppename River (Suriname), 511 Corvo (Portugal), 442 United States, 573–574, 577–578 Copper Cosmoldeo Group. See Atoll de Cosmoldeo Venezuela, 592 Cyprus, 149 (Seychelles) Vietnam, 595 Panama, 420 Costa (Ecuador), 164, 166 Virgin Islands, 598 “Copper Belt” (Africa), 133 Costa Blanca (Spain), 501 Yem en, 600 Copperbelt Mountains (Zambia), 605 Costa de Bálsamo (El Salvador), 173 Coral Sea, 422, 489 Coquimbo (Chile), 114 Costa de la Luz (Spain), 501 Coral Sea Islands (Australia), 31, 34 Coquimbo River (Chile), 113 Costa de Prata (Portugal), 442 Corantjin. See Courantyne River Coral Lake (Taiwan), 525 Costa del Sol (Spain), 501 Cordillera Blanca (Peru), 428 Coral reefs Costa Rica, 136–138, 137, 138t Cordillera Cantábrica. See Cantabrian Antigua, 22 Costa Verde (Portugal), 442 Mountains (Spain) Australia, 33 Basin (The Philippines), 435 The Bahamas, 42 Cordillera Central Cotabato Lowland (The Philippines), 433 Barbados, 48 Colombia, 122 Cotachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve Barbuda, 22 Ecuador, 164–165 (Ecuador), 165 Belize, 56 Peru, 428 Côte d’Azur (France), 192 Bermuda, 60–61 Cordillera Central (Costa Rica), 136 Côte d’Ivoire, 139–142, 140, 141t British Virgin Islands, 79 Cordillera Central (Dominican Republic), Côte Sauvage (France), 192 Colombia, 124 159–160 Côtentin Peninsula (France), 192 Cuba, 146–147 Cordillera Central (The Philippines), 433 Cotonou Lagoon (Benin), 58 Djibouti, 156 Cordillera Central (Puerto Rico), 444 Cotopaxi (Ecuador), 164 Dominica, 158 Cordillera Dariense (Nicaragua), 395 Cotswolds (England), 566 Dominican Republic, 160 Cordillera de Amambay (Paraguay), 424 Cotton, 398 East Timor, 163 Cordillera de Caaguazú (Paraguay), 424 Courantyne River, 227–228, 511 Fiji, 185 Cordillera de Guanacaste (Costa Rica), 136 Courland Lagoon. See Kuršiu Marios Grenada, 217 Cordillera de Guaniguanico (Cuba), 145–146 (Lithuania) Guinea-Bissau, 225 Cordillera de Mérida Mountains (Venezuela), Courland River (Trinidad and Tobago), 541–542 Haiti, 231 590–592 Cousteau, Jacques, 355 Honduras, 233 Cordillera de San Blas (Panama), 417 Cozumel (Mexico), 355 India, 246 Cordillera de San Rafael (Paraguay), 424 Crater Lake (United States), 575 Indonesia, 251 Cordillera de Talamanca (Costa Rica), 136 Cres Island (Croatia), 143 Iran, 257 Cordillera de Tilarán (Costa Rica), 136 Crete (Greece), 212, 213 Jamaica, 275 Cordillera de Venezuela (Venezuela), 590 Cricamola River (Panama), 418 Japan, 279 Cordillera del Quindío. See Cordillera Central, . See Crimean Peninsula (Ukraine) Kenya, 290 Colombia Crimean Mountains (Ukraine), 559 Kiribati, 293 Cordillera Huayhuash (Peru), 428 Crimean Peninsula (Ukraine), 559, 561 Madagascar, 329 Cordillera Isabella (Nicaragua), 395 Cristóbal (Panama), 419 Malaysia, 336 Cordillera Los Maribios (Nicaragua), 395 Crna River (Macedonia), 326 Maldives, 337 Cordillera Neovolcanica (Mexico), 353 Crni Drim River (Macedonia), 326

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 649 Geodata.book Page 650 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Crni Vrh (Yugoslavia), 602 Egypt, 168 De origine et situ Germanorum (Tacitus), 439 Croatia, 142–144, 143, 144t El Salvador, 172 Dead Sea, 266, 267, 268, 281–283 Crocker Mountains (Malaysia), 333, 334 Ghana, 207 , 267 Crocodile habitats, 160 Guinea, 223 Death Valley (United States), 575, 579 Crocus Hill (Anguilla), 16 Indonesia, 251 Debed River (Argentina), 28, 29 Crooked Island (The Bahamas), 42 Japan, 278 (India), 244 (Angola), 403 Laos, 305, 306 Deception Island (Antarctica), 20–21 Crown Mountain (Virgin Islands), 598 Latvia, 308 Deduru River (Sri Lanka), 504 Crozet (France), 192 Mexico, 355 Dedza Mountain (Malawi), 331 Crude oil. See Petroleum Mozambique, 372, 374 Dee River (United Kingdom), 565–566 Crummock Lake (England), 566 The Netherlands, 387, 388 Deep-sea fishing. See Fish and fishing Crystal Mountains, 130, 134, 175, 196 Nigeria, 402 (Malaysia), 334 Cuango. See Congo River Pakistan, 413 Defoe, Daniel, 113 Cuanza River (Angola), 13–14 Panama, 418 Deforestation Cuare (Venezuela), 592 Paraguay, 425, 427 Algeria, 10 Cuba, 144–148, 145, 148t Romania, 449 Angola, 15 Cubango. See Okavango River Sudan, 508 Bangladesh, 47, 48 Cuchillas de Toa (Cuba), 145 Suriname, 510 Brazil, 77–78 Cuicocha Volcano lagoon (Ecuador), 165 United States, 576 Bulgaria, 84 Cul-de-Sac (Haiti), 230, 232 Uruguay, 581 Burkina Faso, 86 Cul de Sac River (Saint Lucia), 462, 463 River (), 267 Burundi, 88 Culebra Island (Puerto Rico), 444 , 176, 178, 181–183 Cambodia, 91 Culiacán River (Mexico), 355 Danau Sentarium (Indonesia), 251 Cameroon, 95 Cumana Highlands (Venezuela), 590 Dangrek Mountains, 89, 91, 533–534 Comoros, 127, 128 Cumberland Plateau (United States), 574 Danish West Indies. See Virgin Islands Congo, Republic of, 135 Cumbrian Mountains (England), 564, 566 Danube River Costa Rica, 138 Cunene River (Namibia), 379 Austria, 36, 37 Côte d’Ivoire, 141 Curaçao (Netherlands Antilles), 390 Bulgaria, 82 East Timor, 163 Curaray River (Ecuador), 165 Germany, 204–205 El Salvador, 173 Curepipe (Mauritius), 351 Hungary, 236 Ethiopia, 183 Curupayty River (Paraguay), 426 Romania, 449, 450 Gambia, 199 Cuvelai River (Namibia), 379 Slovakia, 484 Ghana, 210 Cuyuni River (Guyana), 228 Ukraine, 560 Grenada, 217 Cyclades Islands (Greece), 213 Yugoslavia, 602–603 India, 247 Cyclones Danubian Plain (Bulgaria), 82, 84 Indonesia, 249, 252, 253 Bangladesh, 47 Dao Phu Quoc Island (Vietnam), 595 Iran, 258 Fiji, 185 Dar Salaam (Tanzania), 531–532 Israel, 268 India, 246 Daracas Island (Somalia), 492 Kenya, 291 Mozambique, 372 Dardanelles (Turkey), 548 Korea, Republic of, 299 Taiwan, 526 Darién (Panama), 417 Kyrgyzstan, 302 Vanuatu, 588 Darién Mountains (Panama), 417 Laos, 306 Cyprus, 148–150, 149, 150t Darién National Park (Panama), 419 Madagascar, 329, 330 Cyrenaica (Libya), 316, 317 Dark Caves. See Gua Kelam (Malaysia) Mexico, 356 Czech Republic, 150–152, 151, 152t Darling River (Australia), 33 Mongolia, 367 Darling Scarp (Australia), 33 Myanmar, 376 Darnah (Libya), 316 Nepal, 386 D Daror River (Somalia), 491 Pakistan, 414 Da Hinggan Ling (China), 117 Dartmoor (England), 566 Panama, 419 Da Lat (Vietnam), 595–596 (Malaysia), 336 Papua New Guinea, 423 Dac Lac Plateau (Vietnam), 595 , Charles, 165 Paraguay, 427 (China), 119 Das Island (United Arab Emirates), 563 The Philippines, 434, 436 Dahlak Archipelago (Eritrea), 177 Dasht-e Arjan marsh (Iran), 257 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 461 Dahlak Kebir (Eritrea), 176 Dasht-e-Kavjr (Iran), 255, 258 Solomon Islands, 490 Dahomey. See Benin Dasht-e-Lst (Iran), 255, 258 Thailand, 536 Daisetsu Mountains (Japan), 276, 279 Dasht River (Pakistan), 413 Venezuela, 593 (Senegal), 476–477 Dassen Island (South Africa), 496 Delagoa Bay (Mozambique), 373 Dakhla Oasis (Egypt), 170 Datu Bay (Malaysia), 335 Delaware Bay (United States), 578 Dakigaeri Gorge (Japan), 278 Daugava River, 308 Delft Island (Sri Lanka), 504 Dal River (Sweden), 514–515 Daugavpils (Latvia), 309 Delhi (India), 248 Dalmatia (Croatia), 143 Daule River (Ecuador), 165 Delos (Greece), 213 Damascus (Syria), 522–524 Dauphiné Alps (France), 190 Deltas del Estero Real (Nicaragua), 396 Damietta Channel (Egypt), 169 -Agusan Trough (The Philippines), 434 Demerara River (Guyana), 227–228 Dâmrei Range (Cambodia), 89 (The Philippines), 435 Demilitarized zone (DMZ), Korea, 294, 297 Dams Davis Strait, 99, 215 Demir Kapija canyon (Macedonia), 325 Angola, 14 Dawhat Salwah (Qatar), 446 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. See Australia, 33 Dawna Range (Thailand), 533 Korea, Democractic People’s Republic China, 118 Dayun He. See (China) of, (DPRK)

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Index

Democratic Republic of the Congo. See Congo, Mexico, 356 Disko Bay (Greenland), 215 Democratic Republic of the (DROC) Mongolia, 366–367 Distilled water, Kuwait, 300 Denali. See Mount McKinley (United States) Morocco, 369 District of Columbia (United States), 571 Dender River (Belgium), 53 Mozambique, 373 Districts. See Administrative divisions Denmark, 152–155, 153, 155t Myanmar, 376 Diuata Mountains (The Philippines), 433 , 240 Namibia, 380 Diyala River (Iraq), 260 Dennery River (Saint Lucia), 462 Niger, 400 Djado Plateau (Niger), 399 Dense Forest Region (Côte d’Ivoire), 139, 141 Oman, 408, 410 Djambi River (Indonesia), 250 D’Entrecasteaux Islands (Papua New Guinea), Pakistan, 414 Djebel Libnan. See Lebanon Mountains 422 Peru, 428, 431 Djibouti, 155–157, 156, 157t

Deosai Plateau (Pakistan), 413 Qatar, 447 Djonovica (Macedonia), 325 Index Depressions. See names of specific depressions Saudi Arabia, 472–475 Djourab Depression. See Bodele Depression Derryveagh Range (Ireland), 262 Somalia, 493 (Chad) Derven canyon (Macedonia), 325 South Africa, 497 Djursland Peninsula (Denmark), 154 Derwent Lake (England), 566 Spain, 501 DMZ. See Demilitarized zone (DMZ) Desaguadero River (Argentina), 26 Sudan, 506, 508–509 Dnieper Lowlands (Ukraine), 561 Desaguadero River (Bolivia), 66 Syria, 523 Dnieper River, 50, 454, 559–561 Deseado River (Argentina), 26 Tunisia, 545 Dnieper Upland (Ukraine), 559 Desembarco del Granma National Park Turkmenistan, 551 Dniester Basin (Ukraine), 560 (Cuba), 147 United Arab Emirates, 563 Dniester River, 360–361, 559–561 Desertas islet (Portugal), 442 United States, 579 Dnipro River. See Dnieper River Desertification Uzbekistan, 585–586 Dniprodzerzhynsk Reservoir (Ukraine), 559 Chad, 111 Yem en, 601 Dnistrovskyy Lyman (Ukraine), 560 China, 120 See also names of individual deserts Dobruja (Romania), 448, 449, 450 El Salvador, 173 Desna River (Ukraine), 560 Dodecanese Archipelago (Greece), 213 Gambia, 199 Dettifoss (Iceland), 240 Dodoma (Tanzania), 531 India, 248 Devil’s Canyon (Venezuela), 591 Dog Island (Anguilla), 16 Indonesia, 253 Devil’s Hole, 567 Doha (Qatar), 446, 447 Iran, 258 Devil’s Island. See Île du Diable (French (Thailand), 533 Kazakhstan, 287 Guiana) Doi Luang Range (Thailand), 533 Mali, 341–342 Devil’s Triangle. See Bermuda Triangle Dolomites (Italy), 270 Pakistan, 414 Devoke Water Lake (England), 566 Dolosbage Mountains (Sri Lanka), 503 Somalia, 493 Dez River (Iran), 256 Dolphins, 413 Uzbekistan, 584 Dhahira (Oman), 410 Dolpo (Nepal), 384 See also Deforestation Dhaleswari River (Bangladesh), 46 (Switzerland), 518 Deserts Dhaulagiri (Nepal), 384 Dominica, 157–159, 158, 158t Afghanistan, 3, 4 Dhíkti Mountains (Crete), 212 Dominica Passage, 218 Algeria, 8, 10 Dhobbah (Yemen), 601 Dominican Republic, 159, 159–162, 161t Angola, 15 Dhofar Plain (Oman), 408, 410 Don Hai Lot (Thailand), 535 Argentina, 27 Diamante River (Argentina), 26 Don River (Russia), 454 Australia, 34, 35 Diamond industry Dôn River (Laos), 306 Bahrain, 44 Angola, 15 Donau River. See Danube River Botswana, 71, 72 Belgium, 55 Dondra Head (Sri Lanka), 504 Cape Verde, 102 Central African Republic, 107 Donegal Bay (Ireland), 263 Central African Republic, 107 Namibia, 380, 381 Donets Basin (Ukraine), 560–562 Chad, 110 Sierra Leone, 482 Donets Hills (Ukraine), 559 Chile, 114 South Africa, 498 Donets River (Ukraine), 559–560 China, 120 Swaziland, 514 Dong Hai. See East China Sea Comoros, 127 Diamond Island (Grenada), 217 Donga range (Bhutan), 62 Djibouti, 156–157 Diamond Mountains. See Ku˘mgang-san Donga River (Nigeria), 402 East Timor, 163 (DPRK) Dongotona Mountains (Sudan), 507, 509 Egypt, 167, 170 Diaoyutai Islands, 119 Dongting Hu (China), 118 El Salvador, 173 Dibamba River (Cameroon), 94 Dopeth-Okok River (Uganda), 557 Eritrea, 178 Dicle. See Tigris River Dordogne River (France), 191 Ethiopia, 183 Didinga Hills (Sudan), 507 Doree River (Saint Lucia), 462 India, 247 (United Kingdom), 568 Dörgön Lake (Mongolia), 365 Iran, 255, 258 Diego Ramírez Islands (Chile), 113 Dornoch Firth (Scotland), 569 Iraq, 261 Dieng Plateau (Indonesia), 250 Doro Range (Zimbabwe), 609 Israel, 267–268 Dikes Dorsale Range (Tunisia), 543–545 Jordan, 281, 283 Belgium, 52 Dortmund-Ems Canal (Germany), 205 Kazakhstan, 287 Denmark, 154 Doubs River (France), 191 Kenya, 291 See also Dams Douro River (Portugal), 440, 442 Kuwait, 301 Dîmbovit¸a River (Romania), 449 Dover (England), 567, 569 Libya, 316, 317–318 Dinaric Alps, 69, 142, 487, 602, 604 Dovrefjell (Norway), 405 Madagascar, 330 Dindar River (Sudan), 508 DPRK. See Korea, Democratic People’s Mali, 342 Dingalan Bay, 435 Republic of, (DPRK) Mauritania, 349 Dingle Bay (Ireland), 263 Drâa River (Morocco), 369

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Index

Dracula (Stoker), 449 Algeria, 8 Eastern Channel, 298 Drake Passage, 21, 113 Argentina, 24 Eastern Coastal Plain (Australia), 31 Mountains, 312, 494 Armenia, 28 . See Arabian Desert (Egypt) Dramselva River (Norway), 405 Barbados, 48 (India), 243 Drangajökull (Iceland), 240 Bolivia, 66 Eastern Group. See Ratak Group (Marshall Drangme Chhu. See Drangme River (Bhutan) Bosnia and Herzegovina, 69 Islands) Drangme River (Bhutan), 63 Bulgaria, 82 Eastern Hajar. See Hajar al-Shargi (Oman) Drangme River Basin (Bhutan), 63 Burundi, 87 Eastern Heights Plateau (Jordan), 281 Drau River Valley (Austria), 36, 37 Chile, 112 Eastern Highlands (Australia), 31–35 Drava River, 36, 37, 143, 236, 488 China, 115 Eastern Highlands (Venezuela). See Cumana Drava River Valley. See Drau River Valley Colombia, 122 Highlands (Venezuela) (Austria) Congo, Democratic Republic of, 130 Eastern Hindu Kush (Afghanistan), 2 Drigh Lake (Pakistan), 413 Costa Rica, 136 Eastern lowlands (Austria), 36 Drin River (Albania), 6, 7 Cuba, 145 Eastern Lowveld (South Africa), 495, 497 Drina River, 69, 604 Djibouti, 156 Eastern Mountains (Nepal), 384 DROC. See Congo, Democratic Republic of the Ecuador, 164 Eastern Paraguay, 424 (DROC) 132t Georgia, 200 Eastern Plains (Colombia), 126 Drohobych (Ukraine), 560 Greece, 212 Eastern Plateau (Papua New Guinea), 422 Droughts Guatemala, 220 Eastern Plateau (Tanzania), 531 Australia, 34–35 Honduras, 232 Eastern Plateau Region (Kenya), 290 Bahrain, 44 Iceland, 239 (Ecuador), 164–167 Burundi, 88 India, 242 Eastern Rift Valley, 530–531 Cape Verde, 102 Indonesia, 250, 251 Eastern Uplands (South Africa), 495, 497 Hungary, 237 Iran, 255 ’ Island (Tonga), 539 Iran, 255–256, 257, 258 Italy, 269 Ebino Plateau (Japan), 277 Kiribati, 294 Jamaica, 274 Ebon Atoll (Marshall Islands), 344 Mali, 341, 342 Japan, 276, 278 Ebro Basin (Spain), 501 Mauritania, 348 Kazakhstan, 284 Ebro River (Spain), 500 Namibia, 380 Kyrgyzstan, 302 Russia, 456 Macedonia, 325 Amazon rainforests, 77 Somalia, 493 Mexico, 352–353 Brunei, 80 Drumlins, United Kingdom, 566 Myanmar, 374 Indonesia, 252–253 Duars Plains (Bhutan), 62–64 New Zealand, 391 Mongolia, 364–365 Dubayy (United Arab Emirates), 562–563 Nicaragua, 395 , 72 Dublin (Ireland), 264 Pakistan, 411 See also Rainforests; specific ecosystems Duero River (Spain), 500 Panama, 417 Ecotourism Duff Island (Solomon Islands), 489 Papua New Guinea, 422 Brunei, 81 (Switzerland), 518 Peru, 428 India, 248 Dukhan anticline (Qatar), 446, 447 Portugal, 441 Madagascar, 327 Dulce River (Argentina), 26 Puerto Rico, 444 Ecuador, 164–167, 165, 166t Dumbara Mountains (Sri Lanka), 503 Russia, 453 Edge Island (Norway), 406 Dunany Point (Ireland), 263 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 460 Éfaté (Vanuatu), 587 Dunav River. See Danube River Solomon Islands, 489 Eger River (Hungary), 236 Dundalk Bay (Ireland), 263 Taiwan, 524 Egmont Peak (New Zealand), 391 Dundee (Scotland), 567 Tajikistan, 527 Egypt, 167–170, 168, 170t, 266 Dunedin (New Zealand), 394 Turkey, 546 Eilerts de Haan Mountains (Suriname), 510 . See Sand dunes Turkmenistan, 550 Ekuma River (Namibia), 379 Dungeness (United Kingdom), 569 United States, 573 (Mauritania), 349 Durand Line, 1 Uzbekistan, 584 El Faiyum Oasis (Egypt), 168, 170 Dursey Head (Ireland), 263 Venezuela, 590 El Fashar (Sudan), 507 D’Urville Island (New Zealand), 393 . See El Niño, Peru and, 431 Dushanbe (Tajikistan), 528–529 East Anglia (United Kingdom), 567 El Petén (Guatemala), 219–221 Dust storms , 18–19, 21 El Salvador, 170–174, 171, 173t Bahrain, 44 East Caicos Island, 553 El Santuario Plateau (Panama), 417 India, 246 East Cape (New Zealand), 393 El Trifinio International Biosphere Reserve (El Iran, 258 East China Sea, 119, 278 Salvador), 173 Dyfi National Nature Reserve (Wales), 567 East Country (Norway), 405, 407 El Valle Sagrado (Peru), 430 Dzanga-Sangha nature reserve (Central East Falkland (United Kingdom), 568 El Viejo. See Volcán San Cristóbal (Nicaragua) African Republic), 106 East Frisian Islands (Germany), 205 El Yunque National Forest (Puerto Rico), 445 Dzavhan River (Mongolia), 365 East Germany, 206 Elat (Israel), 267, 268 Dzerzhinskaya Mountain (Belarus), 50 East Gotland. See Öster Gotland (Sweden) Elat Mountains (Israel), 268 East Latvian Lowlands, 309 Elba Island (Italy), 272 , 333–336 Elbe River, 151, 204 E East Siberian Sea, 455 Elburz Range (Iran), 255 Earthquakes East Timor, 162, 162–163, 163t, 248 Elephant Range. See Dâmrei Range Afghanistan, 2 (Chile), 112, 113 (Cambodia) Albania, 5 (Italy), 270 Eleuthera Island (The Bahamas), 42

652 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 653 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Elgeyo Escarpment (Kenya), 289 Equatorial Guinea, 174, 174–176, 175t Mozambique, 373 Eli Malk Island (Palau), 416 Er Mountains (Morocco), 367, 369 Nauru, 382 El-Jem Colosseum (Tunisia), 543 Chech (Mali), 342 The Netherlands, 389 Ellenborough Waterfall (Australia), 33 Ergene Plain (Turkey), 548 Nicaragua, 395, 398 (Canada), 99 Ergs Norway, 408 Ellice Islands. See Tuvalu Algeria, 10 Peru, 432 Ellsworth Mountains (Antarctica), 19 Libya, 318 Poland, 439–440 Elobey Islands (Equatorial Guinea), 174–175 Mali, 342 Sierra Leone, 482 Elphinstone (Oman), 409 Niger, 400 Solomon Islands, 490 Ema River (Estonia), 179 See also Sand dunes South Africa, 497–498

Emba River (Kazakhstan), 286 (China), 118 Turks and Caicos Islands, 553 Index Embalse Cerrón Grande (El Salvador), 172 Erie Canal (United States), 576 United Kingdom, 570 Embalse del Río Negro (Uruguay), 581 Eriksfjiord. See Tunulliarfik (Greenland) Zambia, 608 Emden Deep. See Philippine Trough Eritrea, 176–178, 177, 178t Zimbabwe, 611 Emei Shan (China), 117 Erne River (Northern Ireland), 566–567 Etna (Italy), 269 Emerald cuckoos, 482 Erongo Mountains (Namibia), 378 Etorofu Island, 276 Emilia-Romagna (Italy), 271 Eros Mountains (Namibia), 378 Etosha Pan (Namibia), 379, 380 Emme River (Switzerland), 519 Erosion. See Soil erosion EU. See European Union Empty Quarter. See Rub’ al-Khali Erromango (Vanuatu), 587 EU Blue Flag beaches (Ireland), 263 Ems River (Germany), 204 Erzgebirge Mountains. See Ore Mountains Eubalaena glacialis. See Atlantic Right Whale Endangered species Erzincan (Turkey), 546 Euboea (Greece), 212 Angola, 13 Esan (Japan), 279 Eucumbene Dam (Australia), 33 Belize, 57 Escambray Mountains (Cuba), 145 Euphrates River, 259–261, 521–522, 547–548 Congo, Republic of, 135 Escarpada Point (The Philippines), 435 Eurasian Tectonic Plate Nicaragua, 396 Escaut River. See Schelde River Afghanistan, 2 Pakistan, 414 Eschnerberg (Liechtenstein), 319 Albania, 5 yaks, 384 Esch-sur-Sûre (Luxembourg), 323 Austria, 36 See also Wildlife protection Esdraelon Plain (Israel), 267, 268 Belgium, 52 Enewetok Atoll (Marshall Islands), 344 Esmeraldas (Ecuador), 166 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 69 England (United Kingdom), 564, 566–570 Espagnol River (Dominica), 157 Bulgaria, 82 (United Kingdom), 567, 569 Española Island (Galápagos), 165 Cambodia, 89 Ennedi highland (Chad), 108 Espíritu Santo (El Salvador), 172 China, 115 Ennerdale Lake (England), 566 Espíritu Santo (Vanuatu), 587 Cyprus, 148 Enns River (Austria), 37 Essequibo River (Guyana), 227–228 Czech Republic, 150 Entebee (Uganda), 558 Estany de l’Estanyó (Andorra), 12 Estonia, 179 Enugu (Nigeria), 404 Estonia, 178–180, 179, 180t Finland, 186 Environmental problems Estrela (Portugal), 441 France, 189 Angola, 13 Etang Saumâtre. See Lake Saumâtre (Haiti) Germany, 202 Cameroon, 94, 95 Ethiopia, 176, 180–183, 181, 183t Greece, 212 Chad, 111 Ethiopian Plateau, 176–177, 181–182 Hungary, 235 India, 244 Ethnicities Indonesia, 249, 251 Kazakhstan, 286 Angola, 15 Iran, 255 Kiribati, 293 Belarus, 51 Ireland, 262 Lithuania, 322 Belgium, 54 Italy, 269 Nauru, 382 Belize, 57 Japan, 276 Uzbekistan, 584 Botswana, 72 Kazakhstan, 284 See also specific environmental problems British Virgin Islands, 79 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, Environmental protection Burkina Faso, 86 294 Austria, 39 Cameroon, 94–95 Korea, Republic of, 297 Brunei, 81 Canada, 101 Kyrgyzstan, 302 China, 119 Chad, 110–111 Laos, 305 Côte d’Ivoire, 141 China, 120 Latvia, 308 East Timor, 162, 163 Colombia, 126 Liechtenstein, 318 El Salvador, 173–174 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 132 Lithuania, 320 India, 247 Ecuador, 167 Luxembourg, 323 Indonesia, 251 El Salvador, 174 Macedonia, 325 Japan, 279 Grenada, 217 Myanmar, 374 Kenya, 291 Guadeloupe, 219 Nepal, 383 Malaysia, 335 Guatemala, 222 Pakistan, 411 Mongolia, 363, 365 Guinea, 224 The Philippines, 433 Papua New Guinea, 423 Guinea-Bissau, 226 Poland, 437 Epi (Vanuatu), 587 Honduras, 234 Portugal, 440 Epidemics, Bangladesh, 48 Iceland, 241 Romania, 447 (Greece), 211 Iraq, 261 Russia, 453 Episkopi Bay (Cyprus), 149 Kenya, 288 San Marino, 469 Epupa Falls (Namibia), 379 Malaysia, 336 Singapore, 483 Equatorial Channel (Maldives), 337 Mali, 340 Slovakia, 484

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 653 Geodata.book Page 654 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Switzerland, 517 Fergana Mountains (Kyrgyzstan), 302 Micronesia, 358, 359 Taiwan, 524 Fergana Valley, 303–304, 527–529, 583–586 Morocco, 370 Tajikistan, 527 Ferlo Savanna (Senegal), 477 Mozambique, 373 Thailand, 533 Fernandina Island (Galápagos), 165 Nauru, 382 Turkey, 546 Fernando de Noronha (Brazil), 76 Norway, 408 Turkmenistan, 550 Fernando Po. See Isla de Bioko (Equatorial Panama, 420 Ukraine, 559 Guinea) Papua New Guinea, 423 Uzbekistan, 584 Fernão Veloso Bay (Mozambique), 373 Peru, 432 Vietnam, 594 Fetaka Island (Solomon Islands), 489 Portugal, 443 Yugoslavia, 602 Fezzan (Libya), 316, 318 Qatar, 447 Europa (France), 192 Fianarantsoa (Madagascar), 330 Romania, 449, 451 European Union (EU), 52 Fiji, 184, 184–186, 185t Russia, 455 Evans Strait (Canada), 99 Filchner Ice Shelf (Antarctica), 20, 21 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 461 Everglades (United States), 575, 580 Filfla (Malta), 343 Samoa, 468 Evros River. See Maritsa River Finger Lakes (United States), 576 São Tomé and Príncipe, 471 Evrótas River (Greece), 212 (Papua New Guinea), 420 Senegal, 477–478 Exe River (United Kingdom), 566 Finland, 186–189, 187, 188t Sierra Leone, 482 Exmoor (England), 566 Finn River (Ireland), 263 Singapore, 484 Exmouth Gulf (Australia), 34 Plateau (Norway), 405 Solomon Islands, 490 Exploration, Antarctica, 20 Fiordland (New Zealand), 391, 393, 394 Somalia, 492 Exuma Sound (The Bahamas), 42 Firat River. See Euphrates River Sri Lanka, 505 Eyja Fjord (Iceland), 241 Fires Suriname, 512 Eyre Peninsula (Australia), 34 Indonesia, 253 Sweden, 515 Japan, 278 Thailand, 535, 536 Panama, 419 Togo, 538 F Firth of Clyde (Scotland), 567, 569 Tonga, 540 Faakersee (Austria), 37 Firth of Forth (Scotland), 567, 569 Turks and Caicos Islands, 553 Fadiffolu Atoll (Maldives), 338 Firth of Tay (Scotland), 567 Uganda, 557–558 Faeroe Islands (Denmark), 154 Fish and fishing United Kingdom, 566 Faial (Portugal), 442 Anguilla, 17 Uruguay, 583 Faiyum Depression. See El Faiyum Oasis Antigua, 23 Vanuatu, 588 (Egypt) Azerbaijan, 41 Venezuela, 593 Fakse Bay (Denmark), 154 The Bahamas, 42 Fish River (Namibia), 379 Falémé River (Mali), 341 Bangladesh, 48 Fish River Canyon (Namibia), 379 Falkland Islands (United Kingdom), 26, 568 Barbados, 49 Five Sister Lakes (Austria), 37 Falster Island (Denmark), 154 Barbuda, 23 Fjords Famagusta Bay (Cyprus), 149 Bermuda, 61 Denmark, 154 Family Islands (The Bahamas), 41 Brunei, 80 Germany, 205 Fanning Island. See Tabuaeran Island (Kiribati) Cambodia, 89 Iceland, 241 Fan-si-pan (Vietnam), 594 Canada, 98, 101 Norway, 404–405, 407 Far Western Mountains (Nepal), 384 Cape Verde, 102, 103 Flaming Cliffs (Mongolia), 364 Farafra Oasis (Egypt), 170 Colombia, 123, 124 Flanders (Belgium), 54 Faraony River (Madagascar), 329 Dominican Republic, 161 Flemings (Belgium), 54 Farasan al Kabir Island (Saudi Arabia), 473 East Timor, 164 Flic-en-Flac (Mauritius), 351 River. See Cacheu River (Guinea-Bissau) Ecuador, 167 Flightless birds, 393 Farquhar Group. See Atoll de Farhuhar Eritrea, 176 Flint Island (Kiribati), 292, 293 (Seychelles) Estonia, 179 Flooding Farur (Iran), 257 French Guiana, 195 Australia, 34 Fatala River (Guinea), 224 Gambia, 199 Bangladesh, 45 The Father (Papua New Guinea), 421 Germany, 205 Burundi, 88 Faults Ghana, 209 Cambodia, 89–90 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 69 Greenland, 216 Congo, Republic of, 134 Croatia, 142 Guinea, 224 Czech Republic, 151 El Salvador, 171 Guinea-Bissau, 227 Egypt, 169 Ethiopia, 182 Honduras, 234 France, 191 See also specific tectonic plates Iceland, 240, 241 Guinea, 224 Faylakah (Kuwait), 301 India, 244, 248 Hungary, 236–237 FBH. See Bosnia and Herzegovina Indonesia, 251 Iceland, 239 Fedchenko Glacier (Tajikistan), 527–528 Ireland, 262 Iraq, 261 Federated States of Micronesia. See Micronesia, Japan, 281 Italy, 271 Federated States of Kuwait, 301 Japan, 280 Fehmarn Island (Germany), 205 Kyrgyzstan, 303 Kazakhstan, 286–287 Feldberg (Germany), 204 Malawi, 333 Korea, Republic of, 298 Felidu Atoll (Maldives), 338 Maldives, 339 Laos, 306 Fenkol (Micronesia), 358 Mali, 341 Maldives, 337 Fenno-Scandian Shield (Finland), 186 Mauritania, 348, 349 Mali, 341 The Fens (England), 567 Mauritius, 352 Mozambique, 372

654 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 655 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Nepal, 385 Botswana, 71 Libya, 318 The Netherlands, 387 Brunei, 80–81 Liechtenstein, 319 Papua New Guinea, 423 Bulgaria, 84 Lithuania, 321 The Philippines, 434 Burkina Faso, 86 Luxembourg, 324 Russia, 455 Burundi, 88 Macedonia, 326 Somalia, 491 Cambodia, 91 Madagascar, 330 Sudan, 507–508 Cameroon, 94 Malawi, 332 Flora. See Vegetation Canada, 100–101 Malaysia, 336 Flores (Indonesia), 248, 250, 252 Chad, 110 Maldives, 338 Flores (Portugal), 442 Chile, 114 Mali, 342

Flores Sea (Indonesia), 251 China, 120 Marshall Islands, 345 Index Florida (United States), 575–577, 578, 580 Colombia, 126 Martinique, 346–347 Florida Keys (United States), 577 Comoros, 128 Mauritius, 351 (Papua New Guinea), 421, 422 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 132 Mexico, 356 Foehn (Switzerland), 520 Congo, Republic of, 135 Micronesia, 359 Fog Costa Rica, 138 Moldova, 361 Namibia, 379 Côte d’Ivoire, 141 Mongolia, 367 Oman, 410 Croatia, 143–144 Morocco, 368 Foggaras (Algeria), 8 Cuba, 147 Mozambique, 373 Fogo (Cape Verde), 102 Cyprus, 149 Myanmar, 376 Fohn. See Winds Czech Republic, 152 Namibia, 380 Folgefonn (Norway), 405 Denmark, 155 Nepal, 386 Fond River (Saint Lucia), 462 Dominica, 158 New Zealand, 394 Fontur Point (Iceland), 241 Dominican Republic, 161 Nicaragua, 397–398 Fontvieille (Monaco), 362 East Timor, 163 Nigeria, 403–404 Foothills. See Hills Ecuador, 166–167 Norway, 408 Forcados River (Nigeria), 403 El Salvador, 173–174 Pakistan, 414 Forest Reserves (Japan), 280 Equatorial Guinea, 175 Palau, 416 Forest Region (Guinea), 222–224 Estonia, 180 Panama, 419 Forestry products Ethiopia, 183 Papua New Guinea, 423 Algeria, 11 Fiji, 185 Paraguay, 427 Canada, 100 Finland, 186, 188 Peru, 431 Chile, 114 France, 194 The Philippines, 436 Finland, 188 French Guiana, 195 Poland, 439 Georgia, 202 Gabon, 197 Portugal, 443 Guatemala, 222 Gambia, 199 Puerto Rico, 445 India, 248 Germany, 206 Romania, 450 Indonesia, 253 Ghana, 210 Russia, 456–457 Laos, 307 Greece, 213 Rwanda, 459 Macedonia, 326 Grenada, 217 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 461 Malaysia, 336 Guadeloupe, 219 Saint Lucia, 463–464 Mexico, 357 Guatemala, 221 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 465 Myanmar, 377 Guinea, 224 Samoa, 468 Nepal, 386 Guinea-Bissau, 226 São Tomé and Príncipe, 471 Puerto Rico, 445 Guyana, 229 Senegal, 477 Romania, 451 Honduras, 234 Seychelles, 479 Sweden, 517 Hungary, 237–238 Sierra Leone, 482 See also Timber India, 247 Singapore, 484 Forests Indonesia, 252–253 Slovakia, 486 Afghanistan, 4 Iran, 258 Slovenia, 488 Albania, 7 Ireland, 264 Solomon Islands, 490 Algeria, 10 Israel, 268 Somalia, 493 Angola, 15 Italy, 272 South Africa, 497 Antigua, 23 Jamaica, 275 Spain, 501–502 Argentina, 27 Japan, 280 Sri Lanka, 504 Australia, 35 Jordan, 283 Sudan, 509 Austria, 38–39 Kazakhstan, 287 Suriname, 510–511 The Bahamas, 42 Kenya, 291 Swaziland, 513 Bangladesh, 47 Kiribati, 294 Sweden, 517 Barbados, 49 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, Switzerland, 520 Belarus, 51 296 Syria, 523 Belgium, 52, 54 Korea, Republic of, 299 Taiwan, 526 Belize, 57 Kyrgyzstan, 304 Tajikistan, 528 Benin, 59 Laos, 306–307 Tanzania, 532 Bhutan, 64 Latvia, 309 Thailand, 536 Bolivia, 67 Lebanon, 311 Togo, 538 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 70 Liberia, 315 Tonga, 540

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 655 Geodata.book Page 656 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Trinidad and Tobago, 542 Futuna. See Wallis and Futuna (France) Georgetown (Guyana), 228 Turkey, 549 FYROM. See Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Georgia, 200–202, 201, 201t Tuvalu, 555 Republic of Georgia (United States), 573, 576 Uganda, 558 Georgina River (Australia), 33 Ukraine, 561 Geothermal resources G United Kingdom, 569–570 El Salvador, 174 United States, 579–580 Gabon, 196–198, 197 Ethiopia, 183 Vanuatu, 588 Gabon River, 196 Hungary, 237 Venezuela, 593 Gagil-Tomil (Micronesia), 359 India, 248 Vietnam, 596–597 Gahar Lakes (Iran), 255–256 Indonesia, 254 Virgin Islands, 598 Gaizinkalns (Latvia), 308 Japan, 281 Yemen, 601 Gal Oya National Park (Sri Lanka), 503–504 New Zealand, 394 Yugoslavia, 604–605 Gal River (Sri Lanka), 503 Nicaragua, 396, 398 Zambia, 608 Galana River (Kenya), 290 Papua New Guinea, 423 Zimbabwe, 611 Galápagos Islands (Ecuador), 164–166 The Philippines, 436 See also Rainforests Galdhøpiggen (Norway), 405 Géricault, Théodore, 347 Forever White Mountains. See Changbai Shan Galicica National Park (Macedonia), 326 Gerlachovsky Peak (Slovakia), 484 (China) (Israel), 266, 267 Germany, 202–207, 203, 206t Formentera Island (Spain), 500 Galion Bay (Martinique), 346 Gestro River. See Jubba River The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Gallegos River (Argentina), 26 Geysers. See Hot springs See Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Gallipoli Peninsula (Turkey), 548 Ghadamis (Libya), 318 Republic of Galty Mountains (Ireland), 262 Ghana, 207–210, 209, 210t Formosa (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Galway Bay (Ireland), 263 Ghat (Libya), 318 Fort-de-France (Martinique), 347 Gamba Protected Area Complex (Gabon), 197 Ghats (India), 243 Fort-de-France Bay (Martinique), 346 Gambaga Scarp (Ghana), 208 Ghibli. See Winds Fortuna (Vanuatu), 587 Gambia, 198–200, 199, 199t Ghodaghodi Tal (Nepal), 385 Fouta Djallon, 222–223, 340, 476 Gambia River, 198–199, 476 Ghubbat al Qamar (Yemen), 601 Foveaux Strait (New Zealand), 393 Gambier Island (France), 193 Giant’s Causeway (Northern Ireland), 569 Foyle River (Northern Ireland), 567 Gamgurtsev mountains (Antarctica), 19 (United Kingdom), 500, 568–569 France, 189–194, 190, 193t Gamsberg (Namibia), 378 (Australia), 35 French Guiana, 194–196 Gan Island (Maldives), 338 Gila River (United States), 576 Guadeloupe, 218–219 (Sri Lanka), 503–504 Islands (Kiribati), 292–293 Martinique, 192, 345–347, 346 Gangdisê Shan (China), 116 . See (Jordan) Franches-Montagnes Plateau (Switzerland), Ganges River, 45–46, 244–245 Gilf Kebir (Egypt), 168 519 Gangetic Plain, 244–245, 246–247, 385 Gils Fjord (Iceland), 241 Franconian Alb (Germany), 204 Garabil Plateau (Turkmenistan), 550 Gin River (Sri Lanka), 503 Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake (United States), Garabogazkol Gulf. See Kara-Bogaz Gol Girange Dzong Pass. See Rasua Garhi (Nepal) 576 (Turkmenistan) Gizo Island (Solomon Islands), 489 Franz Josef Land (Russia), 455 Garifiri hydroelectric dam (Guinea), 223 Glacier National Park. See Parc Nacional Los Fraser Island (Australia), 34 Garonne River (France), 191 Glaciares (Argentina) Fraser River (Canada), 98 Gash River. See Mareb River Glaciers Freetown (Sierra Leone), 481–482 Gatun Lake (Panama), 418 Antarctica, 19, 20, 21 French Alps, 190 Gau Island (Fiji), 185 Argentina, 24–25 French Guiana, 189, 194–196, 195 Gaua (Vanuatu), 587 Greenland, 215 , 193 Gauja River (Latvia), 308 Iceland, 238, 239–240 French Riviera, 192 Gavater Bay (Iran), 257 Kazakhstan, 284 Lagoons (Kiribati), 293 , 266, 268 Kyrgyzstan, 302 Friendly Islands. See Tonga Gdan´sk-Gdynia (Poland), 438 Mongolia, 363 Frigate Bay (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 461 Gêba River (Guinea-Bissau), 225 New Zealand, 391 Frigate Island (Grenada), 217 Gebel Katherina. See Mt. Catherine (Egypt) Norway, 404–405, 405 Frigate Island (Seychelles), 479 Gediz River (Turkey), 548–549 Pakistan, 411 Front Range (United States), 573 Geghama Mountains (Armenia), 28 Switzerland, 518 Fruit bats (Samoa), 467 Gemstones Tajikistan, 527–528 FSM (Micronesia, Federated States of), 357– Cambodia, 91 United States, 579 360, 358 Malawi, 333 Glåma River (Norway), 405 Fua Mulaku Island (Maldives), 338 Myanmar, 377 Glarus Alps (Switzerland), 518 Fuerte Island (Colombia), 125 Namibia, 381 Gletsch (Switzerland), 519 Fuerte River (Mexico), 355 Thailand, 536 Glettinga Point (Iceland), 241 Fuerteventura Island (Spain), 500 Uruguay, 583 Glint (Estonia), 179 Fuiloro (East Timor), 162 Zambia, 608 Global climate, Mongolia and, 365 Fulufjäll (Sweden), 514 See also Diamond industry Global warming Funafuti (Tuvalu), 555 General Carrera (Argentina), 25 ice shelves and, 20, 21 Funafuti Island (Tuvalu), 554 General Valley (Costa Rica), 137 Indonesia and, 249 Funf Schwesterseen. See Five Sister Lakes Geneva (Switzerland), 518–520 Japan, 279 (Austria) Gennargentu (Italy), 271 Nauru, 382 Fur seals, Antarctica, 20 George VI sound (Antarctica), 20 Nepal and, 385 Furka Pass (Switzerland), 519 Georgetown (Gambia), 198 Glover’s Reef (Belize), 56

656 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 657 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Goascoran River (Honduras), 233 Grand Canyon (United States), 574–576 Guatemala, 221 , 115, 120, 363, 364, 366–367 Grand Cayman Island, 103–104 Guinea, 224 Gobobose Mountains (Namibia), 378 Grand Comore (Comoros), 127 Guinea-Bissau, 226 (India), 245 Grand Coulee Dam (United States), 576 Guyana, 228–229 Godesberg Plateau, 528 Grand Erg Occidental (Algeria), 10 Haiti, 231–232 Godhafoss (Iceland), 240 Grand Erg Oriental, 10, 545 Honduras, 234 Godthåb. See Nuuk (Greenland) Grand Etang (Grenada), 216 Hungary, 237 Goflo de Nicoya. See Golf of Nicoya (Costa Grand Lac (Switzerland), 519 India, 246–247 Rica) Grand Manan Island (Canada), 99 Indonesia, 252 Gökçeada Island (Turkey), 548 Grand Popo Lagoon (Benin), 58 Iran, 258

Göksu River (Turkey), 548 Grand Port Range (Mauritius), 350 Ireland, 264 Index Gokteik Gorge (Myanmar), 375 Grand River South East (Mauritius), 351 Israel, 267 Golan Heights, 266–267, 521 Grand-Terre Island (Guadeloupe), 218 Italy, 272 Grand Turk Island (Turks and Caicos Islands), Jamaica, 275 Kyrgyzstan, 304 552–553 Jordan, 283 Mozambique, 371 Grand Yaluzangbu Canyon (China), 117 Kazakhstan, 287 Golden Bay (New Zealand), 393 Grande Range (Uruguay), 581 Kenya, 291 Golden . See Haliç Estuary (Turkey) Grande River (Bolivia), 66 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, Goldfish Lake. See Lake Lanoto’o Grande Terre. See New Caldonia (France) 296 Golem (Macedonia), 325 Grasmer Lake (England), 566 Korea, Republic of, 299 Golestan National Park (Iran), 258 Grasslands Laos, 306 Golf of Nicoya (Costa Rica), 137 Albania, 6 Latvia, 309 Golfe de la Gonâve. See Gulf of Gonâve (Haiti) Algeria, 10 Lesotho, 313 Golfe de Lion (France), 192 Angola, 15 Libya, 317 Golfo de Fonseca. See Argentina, 24, 27 Liechtenstein, 319 Golfo de Guayaquil. See Gulf of Guayaquil Australia, 35 Madagascar, 329 Golfo de Montijo (Panama), 418 Austria, 38 Malawi, 332 Golfo del Darién (Panama), 419 Belarus, 50, 51 Maldives, 338 Golfo Dulce (Costa Rica), 137 Belgium, 54 Mali, 341–342 Gomera Island (Spain), 500 Benin, 59 Mauritania, 348 Gonâve Island (Haiti), 231 Bhutan, 64 Mexico, 356 Gönen (Turkey), 547 Bolivia, 67 Moldova, 361 Gongola River (Nigeria), 403 Botswana, 71, 72 Mongolia, 366 Gora Ayribaba (Turkmenistan), 550 Brazil, 77 Morocco, 368 Gordon Dam (Australia), 33 Bulgaria, 84 Mozambique, 373 Gorgol region (Mauritania), 349 Burundi, 88 Myanmar, 376 Gorgol River (Mali), 341 Cambodia, 91 Namibia, 380 Gorgona Island (Colombia), 125 Cameroon, 94 Nauru, 382 Gorgonilla Cay (Colombia), 125 Canada, 100 Nepal, 385–386 Gostivar (Macedonia), 326 Cape Verde, 102 The Netherlands, 389 Göta Canal (Sweden), 515 Central African Republic, 107 New Zealand, 394 Göta River (Sweden), 515 Chad, 110 Niger, 400 Götberg (Sweden), 515 Chile, 114 Nigeria, 403 Gotel Mountains (Nigeria), 402 China, 120 Norway, 407–408 Gotland Island (Sweden), 514, 516–517 Colombia, 126 Pakistan, 414 Gotm Island (Japan), 279 Comoros, 127 Palau, 416 Gough (United Kingdom), 568 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 132 Panama, 419 River (Australia), 33 Congo, Republic of, 135 Papua New Guinea, 423 Gozo (Malta), 343–344 Costa Rica, 138 Paraguay, 427 Grace Bay (Turks and Caicos Islands), 553 Côte d’Ivoire, 141 The Philippines, 435 Graciosa (Portugal), 442 Cuba, 147 Poland, 439 Graciosa Island (Spain), 500 Cyprus, 149 Portugal, 443 Grain Coast. See Liberia Czech Republic, 152 Puerto Rico, 445 Grampian Mountains (Scotland), 566 Dominican Republic, 161 Romania, 450 Gran Caldera (Equatorial Guinea), 175 East Timor, 163 Rwanda, 459 Gran Cararia Island (Spain), 500 Ecuador, 166 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 461 , 24, 65, 427 El Salvador, 173 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 465 (Italy), 269 Estonia, 180 São Tomé and Príncipe, 471 Gran Sabana (Venezuela), 591, 592–593 Ethiopia, 183 Sierra Leone, 482 Gran Sasso Range (Italy), 270 Fiji, 185 Slovakia, 486 Granada (Spain), 500 Finland, 188 Solomon Islands, 490 Grand Bahama, 42 France, 193–194 Somalia, 493 Grand Bassin (Mauritius), 351 Gambia, 199 South Africa, 494–495 Grand Bay River (Dominica), 158 Germany, 205 Spain, 501 Grand Bonhomme (Saint Vincent and the Ghana, 210 Sri Lanka, 504 Grenadines), 464 Greece, 213 Suriname, 511 Grand Canal (China), 119 Greenland, 216 Swaziland, 513

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 657 Geodata.book Page 658 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Sweden, 516 Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands (Canada), Mountains (Oman). See Jabal Akhdar Syria, 523 96 (Oman) Taiwan, 526 Great Maya Reef (Mexico), 355 Green Mountains (United States), 574 Tajikistan, 528 Great Mountains. See Krkonoše Mountains Green River (United States), 576 Tanzania, 532 (Czech Republic) Greenhouses, in Hungary, 237 Thailand, 535–536 Great Ouse River (United Kingdom), 566 Greenland, 154, 214–216, 215 Togo, 538 (Papua New Guinea), Greenland white-fronted goose, 264 Trinidad and Tobago, 542 421 Gregory River (Australia), 33 Tunisia, 544–545 (United States), 571, 574–576, Grenada, 216–218, 217, 217t Turkey, 549 578–580 The Grenadines, 216, 464–465 Turkmenistan, 551 Great Red Island. See Madagascar Grijalva-Usumacinta River (Mexico), 354 Uganda, 558 Great Rift Valley Grímsey Island (Iceland), 241 Ukraine, 561 Burundi, 87 Grímsvötn (Iceland), 239 United States, 579 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 129–130, Groins (Belgium), 54 Uruguay, 582 131 Groot Spitzkoppe (Namibia), 378 Uzbekistan, 585 Eritrea, 176 Groote Eylandt (Australia), 34 Venezuela, 592 Ethiopia, 181–183 Groote-Swartberge Mountains (South Africa), Vietnam, 596 Israel, 266 494–495 Virgin Islands, 598 Jordan, 281 Gros Morne National Park (Canada), 98 Yemen, 601 Kenya, 288–290, 291 Gros Piton (Saint Lucia), 462–463 Yugoslavia, 604 Lebanon, 310 (Austria), 36 Zambia, 608 Malawi, 331 Groupe d’Aldabra Atoll (Seychelles), 479–480 Zimbabwe, 611 Mozambique, 370 Grudnarfjördur wetland (Iceland), 240 (Liechtenstein), 318 Rwanda, 458 Gua Kelam (Malaysia), 334 Grazing. See Ranching and grazing Tanzania, 529, 531 Guadalcanal Island (Solomon Islands), 489– 490 Great Abaco Island (The Bahamas), 42 Zambia, 605 Guadalquivir River (Spain), 500–501 Great Alföld (Hungary), 235, 237, 238 Great Ruaha River (Tanzania), 531, 533 Guadeloupe, 22, 192, 218, 218–219, 219t Great Artesian Basin (Australia), 31 Great Rye Island (Slovakia), 485–486 Guadiana River, 442, 500–501 Great Astrolabe Reef (Fiji), 185 Great Salt Lake (United States), 575 Guaira Falls (Paraguay), 426 Great Atlas Mountains. See High Atlas Great Salt Pond (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 460 Guajira Peninsula (Colombia), 123 Mountains (Morocco) (Australia), 35 (United States), 571, 577–578 Great Australian Bight, 33, 34 Great Scarcies River (Sierra Leone), 481 Guanaja Island (Honduras), 233 Great Bahama Bank, 41 Great Sea Reef (Fiji), 185 Guatemala, 219–222, 220, 222t Great Barrier Island (New Zealand), 393 Great Slave Lake (Canada), 97 Guaviare River, 124, 591 Great Barrier Reef, 33, 416 Great Smoky Mountains (United States), 573 Guayaquil (Ecuador), 166 (United States), 574–575, 579 Great Usutu River (Swaziland), 512 Guayas River (Ecuador), 165 Great Bear Lake (Canada), 97 (Australia), 35 Guban Desert (Somalia), 493 Great Bermuda. See Bermuda , 118 Gudenå River (Denmark), 154 Great Bitter Lake (Egypt), 169 Great Wall of Malé (Maldives), 337 Guemoy Islands (Taiwan), 524–525 Great Britain (United Kingdom), 564, 567–569 Great Western Erg. See Grand Erg Occidental Guera Massif (Chad), 108 Great Cave (Malaysia), 334 (Algeria) (United Kingdom), 568 Great Channel (Indonesia), 251 Great White Place. See Etosha Pan (Namibia) Guerrero (Mexico), 354 Great Cliff. See Cliff of Angavo (Madagascar) Great Zab River (Iraq), 260 Guerrero Cays. See Man-of-War Cays Great Corn Island (Nicaragua), 396 Greater Antarctica. See East Antarctica (Nicaragua) Great Dike (Zimbabwe), 609 Greater Antilles Guiana Highlands, 74, 589–593 Great Dike Hills (Zimbabwe), 609 Cuba, 144–148 Guimaras (The Philippines), 433 Great Dismal Swamp (United States), 576 Hispaniola, 159, 229–232 Guinea, 222–224, 223 Great Dividing Range (Australia), 31–32 Jamaica, 273–275 Guinea-Bissau, 225–227, 226 Great Eastern Erg. See Grand Erg Oriental Puerto Rico, 444–445 Guinea Highlands, 223 Great , 54, 451, 456, 457 Greater Barsuki Desert (Kazakhstan), 287 Gulf Coast, 352, 355, 578 Great Exhibition Bay (New Zealand), 393 Mountains, 40, 200, 201, 453 Plain (Mexico), 356 Great Exuma (The Bahamas), 42 Greater Kabylie range (Algeria), 8 Gulf of Anadyr (Russia), 455 of China, 120 Range. See Da Hinggan Ling Gulf of Anna Maria (Cuba), 146 Great , 62, 242, 383 (China) , 169, 267, 281, 283 Great Inagua (The Bahamas), 42 Greater (Indonesia), 248, 252 Gulf of Bahrain (Qatar), 446 Great Kanto Earthquake (Japan), 278 Greater Tunb Island (United Arab Emirates), Gulf of Batabanó (Cuba), 146 (Namibia), 378–379 563 Gulf of Boothia (Canada), 99 Great Karroo Plateau (South Africa), 495 Greece, 210–214, 211, 214t Gulf of Bothnia (Finland), 187–188 Great Karroo Range (South Africa), 494 Greek Macedonia, 211 Gulf of Cádiz (Portugal), 442 Great Lake (Cambodia). See Tonle Sap Green Canyon (Indonesia), 250 Gulf of California (Mexico), 355, 357 (Cambodia) Green Island (Grenada), 217 Gulf of Carpentaria (Australia), 34 Great Lakes (Africa), 131 Green Island (Taiwan). See Lü Tao Island Gulf of Chihli. See Bo Hai (China) Great Lakes (North America), 97, 571, 575– (Taiwan) Gulf of Chiriquí (Panama), 418–419, 420 576, 580 Green Line (Cyprus), 148, 150 Gulf of Cupica (Colombia), 125 Great Lakes depression (Mongolia), 363, 364– Green Mountains (Libya). See Jabal al-Akhdar Gulf of Edrimit (Turkey), 548 365 (Libya) Gulf of Finland, 179, 187, 455

658 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 659 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Gulf of Fonseca, 173, 233–234, 397 Habomai Island, 276 Panama, 419 Gulf of Gaeta (Italy), 272 Hacha Canyon (Venezuela), 591 Poland, 438 Gulf of Gdan´sk (Poland), 439 Hachimantai Plateau (Japan), 277 Portugal, 442 Gulf of Genoa (Italy), 272 Hackleton’s Cliff (Barbados), 48 Turks and Caicos Islands, 553 Gulf of Gonâve (Haiti), 229–231 Haddummati Atoll (Maldives), 338 Tuvalu, 554 Gulf of Guacanayabo (Cuba), 146 Hadhramawt (Yemen), 599 Vietnam, 594 Gulf of Guayaquil, 166, 430 Haedo Hills (Uruguay), 581 Virgin Islands, 598 Gulf of Guinea, 140, 402, 403 Haeju Bay (DPRK), 296 See also specific harbors (Tunisia), 544 Haenam Peninsula (Korea, Republic of), 298 Hardanger Fjord (Norway), 407 Gulf of Honduras, 221 Haft Talar. See Astola (Pakistan) Hardangervidda Plateau (Norway), 405 K Gulf of skenderun (Turkey), 548 Haho River (Togo), 537 Harghita Mountains (Romania), 448 Index Gulf of Kachchh (India), 246 Hai He (China), 119 Harike Lake (India), 245 Gulf of Kassándra (Greece), 213 (China), 118 Harjrsd River, 1, 3, 551 (India), 246 (Israel), 267, 268 Harmattan Gulf of Kotor (Croatia), 143 Hailstorms Burkina Faso, 85–86 . See Golfe de Lion Bangladesh, 47 Guinea-Bissau, 226 Gulf of Manfredonia (Italy), 271, 272 India, 246 Liberia, 315 (India), 246 Hainan Island (China), 119 Mauritania, 348 Gulf of Martaban (Myanmar), 376 Haiphong (Vietnam), 594 Niger, 400 Gulf of Mexico, 355 Haiphong Harbor (Vietnam), 596 Harra Plateau (Yemen), 599 Gulf of Morrosquillo (Colombia), 125 Haiti, 229–232, 230, 231t Harris (United Kingdom), 568 ’ (Russia), 455 Hajar al-Gharbi (Oman), 409 Harupai (East Timor), 162 , 257, 409 Hajar al-Shargi (Oman), 409 Harz Mountains (Germany), 205 , 418–419, 419 Hajar Range (United Arab Emirates), 562 Hasban River (Golan Heights), 267 , 422 Hakone hills (Japan), 278 Hatohobei Island (Palau), 416 Gulf of Parita (Panama), 419 (Pakistan), 413 Hatton Plateau (Sri Lanka), 503, 505 Gulf of Riga, 179, 307, 308–309 Half Moon Bay (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 461 Haud, 491, 493 Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada), 95 Halhïn River (Mongolia), 365 Haulover Creek (Belize), 56 Gulf of St. Vincent (Australia), 34 Haliç Estuary (Turkey), 548–549 Hauraki Gulf (New Zealand), 393 Gulf of Salerno (Italy), 272 Halla San (Korea, Republic of), 297–298 Haut-Congo. See Upper Congo (DROC) Gulf of Salûm (Egypt), 169 Hallinskarvet (Norway), 405 Hawaii (United States), 576, 579 Gulf of San Miguel (Panama), 419 Halls (Micronesia), 358 Hawaiian Islands (United States), 573, 574, (Libya), 316 Halmahera (Indonesia), 249, 252 577, 579 Gulf of Spezia (Italy), 272 Haltiatunturi. See Mount Haltia (Finland) Hawar Islands (Bahrain), 43–44, 447 (Egypt), 169 Halul (Qatar), 446 Haweswater Lake (England), 566 (Djibouti), 156 Hamad (Syria), 523 Hawke Bay (New Zealand), 393, 394 Gulf of Taranto (Italy), 271, 272 Hamdhah (Saudi Arabia), 475 Hawr al-Habbanjyah (Iraq), 259, 261 Gulf of Tehuantepec (Mexico), 355 Hamersley Range (Australia), 32 Hawran Plateau (Syria), 521–523 Gulf of Thémai (Greece), 213 Hamgyo˘ng Range (DPRK), 295 Hazaribagh Hills (India), 244 Gulf of Tibugá (Colombia), 125 Hamilton (Bermuda), 60 Haze. See Air pollution Gulf of Todo (Indonesia), 252 Hamiz River (Algeria), 9 Health resorts, in Armenia, 29 Gulf of Tonkin, 119, 594–595 Hammal Lake (Pakistan), 413 Heard Island (Australia), 31, 32, 34 Gulf of Urabá (Colombia), 125 Hamsin. See Winds Heavenly Lake (China). See Tianchi Lake Gulf of Venice (Italy), 271, 272 Han Chinese, 120 (China) Gullfoss (Iceland), 240 (Korea, Republic of), 298 Heavenly Lake (DPRK). See Cho’onji Lake Gumal River (Pakistan), 413 Hand of Fatima (Mali), 340 (DPRK) Gunnbjorn Mountain (Greenland), 215 Hangayn Range (Mongolia), 363, 364, 367 Hebgen Lake (United States), 573 Gunung Agung volcano (Indonesia), 250 Hanjsh Island (Yemen), 600 (Israel), 267 Gunung Mulu National Park (Malaysia), 334 Hanoi (Vietnam), 595–596 Hecate Strait (Canada), 99 Gunung Sewu Plateau (Indonesia), 250 Haochiung Bay (Taiwan), 526 Heilong Jiang. See Amur River (China) Guri hydroelectric project (Venezuela), 592 Hapsburg Empire, 36 Mountains (Saudi Arabia), 472 Guri Reservoir (Venezuela), 591 Har Us Lake (Mongolia), 365 Hekla Volcano (Iceland), 239 Gusan (Yugoslavia), 602 Har Us Nuur National Park (Mongolia), 365 Helena, Montana (United States), 573 Gutland (Luxembourg), 323, 324 Harare (Zimbabwe), 609, 611 Hells Canyon (United States), 575 Guyana, 227–229, 228 Harau Valley nature reserve (Indonesia), 250 Helmand River (Afghanistan), 1, 3 Gwaai Valley (Zimbabwe), 611 Harbors Hendijan River (Iran), 256 Gweebarra Bay (Ireland), 263 Brazil, 76 Hendurabi (Iran), 257 Gyala Pass (Nepal), 384 Crete, 213 Hentiyn Range (Mongolia), 363, 364, 367 Gydan Peninsula (Russia), 455 Cuba, 146–147 Hercynian Massif, 150, 189, 190–191 (Armenia), 28 Denmark, 154 Hermon Range, 266, 310 Greenland, 215 Herschel Sea Canyon. See Mackenzie Trough Honduras, 234 (Canada) H Iceland, 241 Hervideros de San Jacinto (Nicaragua), 396 Ha Long Bay (Vietnam), 595 Italy, 272 Herzegovina. See Bosnia and Herzegovina Haanja Uplands (Estonia), 179 Jamaica, 275 Hesar Range (Afghanistan), 2 Ha’apai Island Group (Tonga), 538–539 Micronesia, 359 “Hessian Corridor” (Germany), 204 Haardt Mountains, 202–203 Norway, 404 Hida Mountains (Japan), 276

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 659 Geodata.book Page 660 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Hidden Valley Falls (Belize), 56 The Philippines, 433 Hot springs Hierro Island (Spain), 500 Poland, 437 Dominica, 157 High Atlas Mountains (Morocco), 369 Portugal, 441–442 East Timor, 163 High Netherlands, 387 Puerto Rico, 444 Ethiopia, 182 High Plains (United States), 571 Qatar, 446 Iceland, 239 High Plains of Hausaland. See Northern High Romania, 449 Jamaica, 274 Plains (Nigeria) Russia, 453 Kenya, 290 High (Tunisia), 544–545 Senegal, 476 Mongolia, 364 High Tatras Mountains (Slovakia), 484, 486 Singapore, 483 New Zealand, 391 Highlands (Brazil), 73–74 Uruguay, 581 Nicaragua, 396 Highlands (Papua New Guinea), 420–423 See also Mountains United States, 575 Highlands (Scotland), 564, 566 Himalayas See also Thermal resources (South Africa), 494–495, 497 Bhutan, 62–64 Hotakadake (Japan), 276 Highveld (Zimbabwe), 609–611 China, 115, 116 Hövsgöl Lake (Mongolia), 365 Highways, 68, 124, 414 India, 242–243 Howland Island (United States), 577 Hiiumaa Island (Estonia), 179 Myanmar, 375 Howz Soltan Lake (Iran), 256 Hillary, Edmund, 384 Nepal, 383–384 Hoy Island (United Kingdom), 568 Hills Pakistan, 411 Hraunfossar (Iceland), 240 Brunei, 80 Hin Boon River (Laos), 306 Hrazdan River (Armenia), 29 Chad, 108 (Papua New Guinea), 420 Hrísey Island (Iceland), 241 China, 117 Hindu Kush mountains, 1, 2–3, 411 Hron River (Slovakia), 485 Comoros, 127 Hinnøya (Norway), 406 Hrubý Jeseník Mountains (Czech Republic), Congo, Republic of, 134 Hisor Valley (Tajikistan), 529 150–151 Czech Republic, 151 Hispaniola Hsiao Liu-Chiu Yü Island (Taiwan), 525 Denmark, 154 Dominican Republic, 159 Hua Shan (China), 117 Dominican Republic, 160 Haiti, 229–232 Huaca Huacani (Peru), 430 Ecuador, 165 Huai He (China), 118, 119 Hitadu Island (Maldives), 338 Estonia, 179 Huallaga River (Peru), 430 (Myanmar), 375 Finland, 186 Huang He (China), 118, 119 Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam), 594, 596 France, 191 Huang Shan (China), 117 Ho Tay (Vietnam), 595 Ghana, 208 Huapí Mountains (Nicaragua), 395 Hoan Lien Mountains (Vietnam), 594 Guadeloupe, 218 Huasco River (Chile), 113 Hoanib River (Namibia), 379 Guyana, 227 Huaura River (Peru), 428 Hoarusib River (Namibia), 379 Hungary, 235 Hudson Bay (Canada), 95, 97 Ho˘ch’o˘n River (DPRK), 295 India, 244 Hudson Bay Company, 97 Hobyo Desert (Somalia), 493 Indonesia, 250 Hudson River (United States), 574, 576–577, Hochfrottspitze (Germany), 202 Iran, 255 579 Hodges River (Dominica), 157 Iraq, 259 Hudson Strait (Canada), 99 Hodh el Gharbi basin (Mauritania), 348 Israel, 267 Huiarau Range (New Zealand), 391 Hofsjökull (Iceland), 240 Italy, 271 Huib-Hoch Plateau (Namibia), 379 Japan, 278 (Mali), 340 Huila Plateau (Angola), 13 Laos, 306 Hohe Tauern (Austria), 36 (Israel), 266 Latvia, 308 Hokianga Harbour (New Zealand), 393 Hulhumale (Maldives), 337 m Lesotho, 312 Hokkaid (Japan), 276–280 Human population. See Population Liberia, 314 Hokuriku (Japan), 279 Humber River (United Kingdom), 566, 569 Liechtenstein, 319 Holland. See The Netherlands Humboldt, Alexander von, 165 Lithuania, 320 Hollick-Kenyon Plateau (Antarctica), 19 Humboldt Current. See Peru Current Luxembourg, 323 Holy See. See Vatican City Humboldt River (United States), 576 Malawi, 331 Hombori Mountains (Mali), 340 Humedales de San Miguelito (Nicaragua), 396 Malaysia, 334 Home Island (Australia), 34 Humuya River (Honduras), 233 Malta, 343 Homer (Greek author), 212, 269 Húna Bay (Iceland), 241 Mauritania, 347 Homs (Syria), 523 Hungary, 235–238, 236, 237t Mexico, 354 Homs Gap (Syria), 521, 523 Hunter Island (Vanuatu), 587 Moldova, 360 Hondo River (Belize), 56 Hunting, in Mali, 342 Monaco, 362 Honduras, 232–234, 233, 234t Huon Gulf (Papua New Guinea), 422 Mongolia, 364 Honolulu (United States), 577 (Papua New Guinea), 422 Mozambique, 371–372 Honshs (Japan), 276–280 Hurricanes Myanmar, 375 Hoosac Mountains (United States), 574 Anguilla, 17 Namibia, 379 Hormoz (Iran), 257 The Bahamas, 42 Nepal, 384 Hormozgan (Iran), 257 Belize, 57 The Netherlands, 388 Horns Desert (Syria), 523 Bermuda, 61 New Zealand, 391 Horse Ears Mountain. See Maisan (Korea, Cayman Islands, 104 Nicaragua, 396 Republic of) Dominican Republic, 161 Pakistan, 412 Horses, in Mongolia, 365 El Salvador, 173 Panama, 417 Hortobágy (Hungary), 238 Granada, 217 Papua New Guinea, 421 Horton Plains (Sri Lanka), 504 Haiti, 231 Paraguay, 424–425 Hospental (Switzerland), 519 Honduras, 234

660 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 661 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Nicaragua, 397 Suriname, 510, 512 Iligan Bay (The Philippines), 435 Puerto Rico, 445 Swaziland, 513–514 Illampu (Bolivia), 66 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 461 Switzerland, 520–521 (The Philippines), 435 Hustain Nuruu nature reserve (Mongolia), 365 Syria, 524 Illimani (Bolivia), 66 Hutiaojian Canyon (China), 117 Tajikistan, 528–529 Ilulissat (Greenland), 215 Huyten Orgil. See Nayramadlïn Orgil Tanzania, 533 , 507, 509, 556 (Mongolia) Thailand, 536 Imbo plain (Burundi), 88 Hvíta River (Iceland), 240 Three Gorges Dam, 118 Immigration, Austria, 38–39 Hyargas Lake (Mongolia), 365 Uganda, 558 Impossible Forest. See Bosque El Imposible (El Hydrocarbon, in Brunei, 80–81 United States, 581 Salvador) K Hydroelectric power Uruguay, 583 mroz. See Gökçeada Island (Turkey) Index Albania, 7 Venezuela, 592–593 Inaccessible Island (United Kingdom), 568 Austria, 39 Zambia, 608 Inambari River (Peru), 430 Benin, 59 Hypersaline lagoons, Mexico, 355 Inca ruins, Peru, 430 Bhutan, 63, 64 Independence Brazil, 78 East Timor, 162, 163 I Cameroon, 95 Eritrea, 176 Canada, 98, 101 Ialomit¸a River (Romania), 449 India, 45, 241–248, 243, 247t Central African Republic, 107 Ialpug River (Moldova), 361 Indian River (Dominica), 157 Chile, 113, 114 Iberá (Argentina), 26 Indian Tectonic Plate China, 118, 121 Iberian Cordillera Mountains (Spain), 500 Iran, 255 Colombia, 123–124 , 440 Nepal, 383 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 133 Ibiza Island (Spain), 500 Pakistan, 411 Côte d’Ivoire, 142 Ibo Island (Mozambique), 373 Sri Lanka, 502 Dominica, 158 Ica River (Peru), 428 Indigo Bay (Mozambique), 373 El Salvador, 174 Ice. See Glaciers Indio River (Panama), 418 Ethiopia, 182, 183 Ice shelves. See Glaciers Indira Ghandi Canal (India), 247 Fiji, 185 Icebergs, 20, 215 Indo-Australian Tectonic Plate Georgia, 202 See also Glaciers Bhutan, 62 Guatemala, 222 Iceland, 238–241, 239 Tonga, 539 Guinea, 224 Ichilo River (Bolivia), 66 Indo-Gangetic Plain. See Gangetic Plain Honduras, 234 ICJ (International Court of Justice), 447 Indonesia, 248–254, 249, 253t Iceland, 240, 241 Idaho (United States), 579 Indragiri River (Indonesia), 251 India, 248 Idjwi Island (DROC), 131 Indus Dolphin Reserve (Pakistan), 413 Italy, 273 Ifugaos, 435 , 244, 413 Japan, 278, 281 Igala Plateau (Nigeria), 402, 404 Indus River Plain (Pakistan), 411, 413, 414 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, Iguazú Falls, 24, 26, 27, 76 Industrial accidents, India, 248 295, 297 Iguazú National Park (Argentina), 27 Industrial pollution Kyrgyzstan, 304 Iguazú River, 26 Indonesia, 250 Laos, 306, 307 Ihavandiffulu Atoll (Maldives), 338 Moldova, 361 Latvia, 308 Iii Ileru (Nigeria), 402 Pakistan, 413 Liechtenstein, 319 IJssel River (The Netherlands), 388 Papua New Guinea, 421, 422 Luxembourg, 323 IJsselmeer (The Netherlands), 388 The Philippines, 434 Malawi, 333 Ilas Elobey (Equatorial Guinea), 174–175 See also Pollution Mali, 342 Ile à Morfil Island (Senegal), 477 Industry. See Commerce and industry Mexico, 355 Île aux Serpents (Mauritania), 351 Inguri River (Georgia), 200 Mongolia, 365, 367 Ile de Gorée Island (Senegal), 477 Inhaca Island (Mozambique), 373 Mozambique, 372, 374 Île de la Cité (France), 191 Inland Sea. See Persian Gulf Nepal, 385, 386 Île de Ré (France), 192 Inland Sea (Japan), 278, 279 New Zealand, 394 Île Gombo (Rwanda), 459 Inland waterways Nicaragua, 398 Île Ridra (Mauritania), 348 Afghanistan, 3 Nigeria, 402 Île Ronde (Mauritania), 351 Albania, 6 Norway, 408 Îles Banks. See Bank Islands (Vanuatu) Algeria, 9 Pakistan, 413, 414 Iles de la Madeleine (Canada), 99 Angola, 13–14 Panama, 418, 420 Îles de la Petite Terre (Guadeloupe), 218 Antarctica, 19 Papua New Guinea, 423 Îles de Los (Guinea), 224 Argentina, 25–26 Paraguay, 427 Îles des Saintes (Guadeloupe), 218 Armenia, 28–29 Peru, 432 Île du Diable (French Guiana), 195 Australia, 33 The Philippines, 436 Îles du Salut (French Guiana), 195 Austria, 37–38 Puerto Rico, 445 Îles Torres. See Torres Islands (Vanuatu) Azerbaijan, 40 Romania, 449, 451 Ilha de Moçambique (Mozambique), 372 Bangladesh, 45–46 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 465 Ilhéu Caroço (São Tomé and Príncipe), 470– Belarus, 50–51 Samoa, 468 471 Belgium, 53–54 São Tomé and Príncipe, 471 Ilhéu das Rôlas (São Tomé and Príncipe), 470– Belize, 56 Spain, 502 471 Benin, 58 Sri Lanka, 505 River (Kazakhstan), 284, 285, 286 Bhutan, 63 Sudan, 510 Ili River Valley (Kazakhstan), 286 Bolivia, 66–67

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 661 Geodata.book Page 662 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Bosnia and Herzegovina, 69 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, Suriname, 510–511 Botswana, 71–72 295 Swaziland, 512–513 Brazil, 74–76 Korea, Republic of, 298 Sweden, 515 Brunei, 80 Kyrgyzstan, 303 Switzerland, 519 Bulgaria, 82–83 Laos, 306 Syria, 522–523 Burkina Faso, 85 Latvia, 308 Taiwan, 525 Burundi, 87–88 Lebanon, 310–311 Tajikistan, 528 Cambodia, 89–90 Lesotho, 312 Tanzania, 531 Cameroon, 94 Liberia, 314 Thailand, 534–535 Canada, 97–98 Libya, 316 Togo, 538 Cayman Islands, 104 Liechtenstein, 319 Tonga, 539 Chad, 108–110 Lithuania, 320 Trinidad and Tobago, 541 Chile, 113 Luxembourg, 323 Tunisia, 544 China, 117–119 Macedonia, 326 Turkey, 547–548 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 130–131 Madagascar, 329 Turkmenistan, 550–551 Congo, Republic of, 134 Malawi, 331–332 Turks and Caicos Islands, 552 Costa Rica, 137 Malaysia, 334–335 Tuvalu, 554 Côte d’Ivoire, 139 Mali, 341 Uganda, 556–557 Croatia, 142–143 Mauritania, 348 Ukraine, 559–560 Cuba, 146 Mauritius, 351 United Arab Emirates, 563 Cyprus, 149 Mexico, 354–355 United Kingdom, 566–567 Czech Republic, 151 Micronesia, 358 United States, 575–576 Denmark, 154 Moldova, 360 Uruguay, 581–582 Djibouti, 156 Mongolia, 364–365 Uzbekistan, 584–585 Dominica, 157–158 Morocco, 369 Venezuela, 591–592 Dominican Republic, 160 Mozambique, 372 Vietnam, 595 East Timor, 162–163 Myanmar, 375–376 Virgin Islands, 598 Ecuador, 165 Namibia, 379 Yemen, 599–600 Egypt, 168–169 Nauru, 382 Yugoslavia, 603–604 El Salvador, 172 Nepal, 384–385 Zambia, 606–607 Equatorial Guinea, 175 The Netherlands, 388 Zimbabwe, 609–610 Eritrea, 177 New Zealand, 392–393 Inle Lake (Myanmar), 375 Estonia, 179 Nicaragua, 396 Inn River, 37, 519 Ethiopia, 182–183 Niger, 399 Inner Hebrides (United Kingdom), 568 Fiji, 184 Nigeria, 401–403 Inner Himalayas. See Lesser Himalayas Finland, 187 Norway, 405 . See Nei Mongol Plateau France, 191–192 Oman, 409 (China) French Guiana, 195 Pakistan, 413 Intel Corporation, in Costa Rica, 138 Gabon, 196–197 Palau, 415 Inter-Andean Lane (Ecuador), 165 Gambia, 198 Panama, 418 Interior Flanders (Belgium), 54 Georgia, 200 Papua New Guinea, 421–422 Interior Highlands (United States), 573 Germany, 204–205 Paraguay, 425–426 (Canada), 96 Ghana, 208 Peru, 428–430 Intermountane Plateau (United States), 573– Greece, 212 The Philippines, 433–434 575, 579 Grenada, 216 Poland, 437–438 International cooperation, in Antarctica, 18 Guadeloupe, 218 Portugal, 442 International Court of Justice (ICJ), 447 Guatemala, 220–221 Puerto Rico, 444 International Dateline, Tonga, 539 Guinea, 223–224 Qatar, 446 International finance Guinea-Bissau, 225 Romania, 449 Bermuda, 61 Guyana, 227–228 Russia, 453–454 Turks and Caicos Islands, 553 Haiti, 230–231 Rwanda, 458–459 Vanuatu, 588 Honduras, 233 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 460–461 See also Commerce and industry Hungary, 235–236 Saint Lucia, 462–463 International Geosphere-Biosphere Program Iceland, 240 Samoa, 467 (Mongolia), 365 India, 244–245 São Tomé and Príncipe, 470–471 International Hydrographic Association, 19 Indonesia, 250–251 Saudi Arabia, 473 International Whaling Commission, 20 Iran, 255–257 Senegal, 476 Inverness (Scotland), 567 Iraq, 259–260 Seychelles, 478 Ionian Islands (Greece), 212 Ireland, 262–263 Sierra Leone, 481 , 6, 269, 271 Israel, 267 Singapore, 483 Iori Plateau (Georgia), 200 Italy, 271 Slovakia, 485–486 Iori River (Georgia), 200 Jamaica, 274 Solomon Islands, 489 Ipanema (Brazil), 76 Japan, 278 Somalia, 491 Ipel’ River (Slovakia), 485 Jordan, 282–283 South Africa, 495–496 Iran, 254–259, 256, 258t Kazakhstan, 285–286 Spain, 500 Iraq, 259–262, 260, 261t Kenya, 290 Sri Lanka, 503–504 Irazúá volcano (Costa Rica), 136 Kiribati, 293 Sudan, 507–508 Irben Strait, 309

662 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 663 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Ireland, 262–265, 263, 265t Islamabad (Pakistan), 413 Namibia, 379 See also Northern Ireland Islamic scholarship, Mali, 341 The Netherlands, 388 Ireland Island (Bermuda), 60 Islands Netherlands Antilles, 390 , 263, 567 Antarctica, 20–21 New Zealand, 393–394 Iron Gate, 449, 603–604 Argentina, 26 Nicaragua, 396–397 Iron ore Australia, 34 Nigeria, 403 Afghanistan, 5 The Bahamas, 41–42 Norway, 405–407 Argentina, 27 Bahrain, 44 Oman, 409 Cameroon, 95 Bangladesh, 47 Palau, 416 Luxembourg, 324 Belize, 56 Panama, 419

Macedonia, 326 Bermuda, 60 Papua New Guinea, 422 Index Mauritania, 349 Brazil, 76 Peru, 430 Russia, 457 Brunei, 80 The Philippines, 434–435 Ironstone Plateau (Sudan), 507 Cambodia, 90 Portugal, 442 Irrawaddy River (Myanmar), 374–376 Canada, 99 Puerto Rico, 444 Irrigation Cape Verde, 101–103 Qatar, 446 Azerbaijan, 40 Cayman, 103–104 Russia, 455 Bahrain, 44 Chile, 112, 113 Rwanda, 459 Ethiopia, 183 China, 119 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 460–462 Iran, 255 Colombia, 124–125 Saint Lucia, 463 Japan, 278 Comoros, 127 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 464–465 Kazakhstan, 286 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 131 Samoa, 466–468, 468t , 108, 110 Costa Rica, 137 São Tomé and Príncipe, 471 Lebanon, 311 Croatia, 143 Saudi Arabia, 473 Mongolia, 366 Cuba, 144, 146–147 Senegal, 477 Pakistan, 413 Denmark, 153, 154 Seychelles, 478–480, 480t Syria, 523 Dominican Republic, 160 Sierra Leone, 481 Thailand, 535 East Timor, 162–164 Singapore, 483 Turkmenistan, 551 Ecuador, 165 Solomon Islands, 489 Uzbekistan, 584 Equatorial Guinea, 174–176 Somalia, 492 Irtysh-Qaraghandy Canal (Kazakhstan), 286 Eritrea, 177 South Africa, 496 Irtysh River, 286, 454 Estonia, 179–180 Spain, 500 Ísa Fjord (Iceland), 241 Fiji, 184–186 Sri Lanka, 504 Isabela Island (Galápagos), 165 Finland, 186, 188 Sweden, 516 Ischia (Italy), 272 France, 192–193 Taiwan, 524–525 Ise Bay (Japan), 279 French Guiana, 195 Tanzania, 531–532 Isfahan (Iran), 256 Gambia, 198 Thailand, 535 Ishikari Plain (Japan), 280 Germany, 205 Tonga, 539 Ishikari River (Japan), 278 Greece, 210, 212–213 Trinidad and Tobago, 541 Ishim River (Kazakhstan), 286 Greenland, 214–216 Tunisia, 544 Ishinomaki Bay (Japan), 279 Grenada, 216–217 Turkey, 548 Isiboro River (Bolivia), 66 Guadeloupe, 218–219 Turks and Caicos Islands, 553 Isla Amantani (Peru), 430 Guinea, 224 Tuvalu, 554, 555t Isla Bastimentos National Park (Panama), 418 Guinea-Bissau, 225 Uganda, 558 Isla Beata. See Beata Island (Dominican Haiti, 231 United Arab Emirates, 563 Republic) Honduras, 233 United Kingdom, 567–568 Isla Cabritos (Dominican Republic), 160 Iceland, 238, 240–241 United States, 577–578 Isla de Bioko (Equatorial Guinea), 174–175 India, 245–246 Uruguay, 582 Isla de Corisco (Equatorial Guinea), 174–175 Indonesia, 248–254 Vanuatu, 587 Isla de la Independencia (Peru), 430 Iran, 257 Venezuela, 592 Isla de la Juventud (Cuba), 144, 146, 147 Ireland, 263 Vietnam, 595–596 Isla de Lobos (Uruguay), 582 Italy, 272 Yem en, 600 Isla de los Estados (Argentina), 26 Jamaica, 275 See also names of specific islands Isla de Ometepe. See Ometepe Island Japan, 276, 279 Islas Ballestas (Peru), 430 Isla del Coco. See Coco Island (Costa Rica) Kiribati, 292–294 Islas Chafarinas (Spain), 368, 499 Isla del Ray (Panama), 419 Korea, Republic of, 298 Islas de la Bahía (Honduras), 233 Isla Esteves (Peru), 430 Kuwait, 301 Islas de los Uros (Peru), 430 Isla Lobos de Tierra (Peru), 430 Madagascar, 329 Islas de Sangayán (Peru), 430 Isla Malvinas. See Falkland Islands (United Malaysia, 335 Islas Flotantes. See Islas de los Uros (Peru) Kingdom) Maldives, 338 Islas Lobos de Afuera (Peru), 430 Isla Margarita (Venezuela), 591–593 Marshall Islands, 344 Islas Marías (Mexico), 355 Isla Montecristo (El Salvador), 172 Mauritania, 348 Islas Quemadas (El Salvador), 172 Isla Santiago. See San Salvador Island Mauritius, 351 Islay (United Kingdom), 566, 568 (Galápagos) Mexico, 355 Isle of Anglesey (United Kingdom), 568 Isla Saona. See Saona Island (Dominican Micronesia, 358–359 Isle of Man (United Kingdom), 568 Republic) Mozambique, 372–373 Isle of Pines. See Isla de la Juventud (Cuba) Isla Taquile (Peru), 430 Myanmar, 376 Isle of Springs. See Jamaica

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 663 Geodata.book Page 664 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Isle of Wight (United Kingdom), 568–569 Jan Mayen Island (Norway), 407 Judaean Hills (Israel), 267 Isle Royale (United States), 577 Japan, 276–281, 277, 280t, 281t Julian Alps, 270, 487 Isles Lagoon (Kiribati), 293 Japanese Alps, 276 Juliana Canal (The Netherlands), 388 Isles of Scilly (United Kingdom), 566–568 Japurá River (Brazil), 74 Juliana Top (Suriname), 510 Israel, 265–268, 266, 268t Jarahi River (Iran), 256 Junggar Basin (China), 117, 120 Issa Ber River (Mali), 341 Jardines de la Reina (Cuba), 147 Jungles. See Rainforests Kstanbul (Turkey), 548–549 Jari River (Brazil), 74 Juozapinh (Lithuania), 320 Isthmus of (Thailand), 535 Jarvis Island (United States), 577 , 190, 191, 517–521 , 417 Jasen National Park (Macedonia), 326 Juruá River (Brazil), 74 (Ukraine), 561 Jasmund National Park (Germany), 205 peninsula (Denmark), 153–154 (Mexico), 352, 354, Java (Indonesia), 248–252 Južna Morava River (Yugoslavia), 604 355 Java Trench (Indonesia), 251 Jylland peninsula. See Jutland peninsula Peninsula (Croatia), 143 Javorníky Mountains, 151, 485 Itaimbey River (Paraguay), 426 Jayawijaya. See Puncak Jaya (Indonesia) K Itaipu Dam, 76, 425, 426, 427 Jaz Msrjan Desert (Iran), 258 Itaipu Reservoir (Paraguay), 425, 426 Jebal al Houf (Yemen), 601 K2 (Pakistan), 411 Italian Riviera, 272 Jebal Bura (Yemen), 601 Kaamos, in Finland, 188 Italian Sea. See Jebel Adyad Plateau (Sudan), 507 Kaap Plateau. See Middle (South Africa) Italy, 268–273, 270, 273t Jejuí Guazú River (Paraguay), 426 Kabalebo River (Suriname), 511 Ithaca (Greece), 212 Jelep La (India), 243 Kabul River, 3, 413 Itimbiri River (DROC), 131 (Kyrgyzstan), 302 Kabumbé Peak. See Pico Kabumbé (São Tomé Ivindo River (Gabon), 196 Jerba Island (Tunisia), 544 and Príncipe) (Madagascar), 329 (United Kingdom), 568 River Swamp (Zambia), 607–608 . See Côte d’Ivoire , 267, 268 Kaçkar Dagi. See Mt. Kaçkar (Turkey) Ivreagh peninsula (Ireland), 262 Jeta (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Kada (Iceland), 239 Iwo Jima (Japan), 279 Jewish population Kadan Island (Myanmar), 376 Kzmit (Turkey), 546 Israel, 268 Kadavu Island (Fiji), 185 Izola (Slovenia), 488 Poland, 440 Kadei River (Central African Republic), 105 Izozog Swamps (Bolivia), 67 (Israel), 266, 267 Kading River (Laos), 306 Iztaccíhuatl (Mexico), 353 , 244, 413 Kaduna River (Nigeria), 403 Izu Peninsula (Japan), 279 Jicarón Island (Panama), 419 Kaema Plateau (DPRK), 295 Jidda (Bahrain), 43–44 Kafu River (Uganda), 557 Jidda (Saudi Arabia), 474 Kafue Flats (Zambia), 608 J Jiddat al-Harasjs (Oman), 409, 410 (Zambia), 605, 607–608 Jabal Abs Rujmayn (Syria), 522 Jinja (Uganda), 557–558 Kagera River (Rwanda), 459 Jabal Akhdar (Oman), 409 (China), 118, 119 Kagoshima Bay (Japan), 279 Jabal al-Akhdar (Libya), 316–318 Jiquilsco Bay (El Salvador), 173 Kahoolawe (United States), 577 Jabal an Nupsayrjyah. See An Nupayrjyah Jiu River (Romania), 449 Kai Islands (Indonesia), 252 Mountains (Syria) Jiuhua Shan (China), 117 Kaidu River (China), 119 Jabal ar-Ruwaq (Syria), 522 Jiwani Coastal Wetland (Pakistan), 413 Kaieteur Falls (Guyana), 227 Jabal ash Shaykh. See (Syria) Jizera River (Czech Republic), 151 Kaieteurian Plateau (Guyana), 227 Jabal az Zawiyah Range (Syria), 521 Johannesburg (South Africa), 495, 497 Kailas Mountains. See Gangdisê Shan (China) Jabal Bishrj (Syria), 522 (Jamaica), 274 Kaileuna (Papua New Guinea), 422 Jabal (Syria), 521–523 Johnston Island (United States), 577 Kaimanawa Range (New Zealand), 391 Jabal Ramm (Jordan), 282 Jökulsá á Brú River (Iceland), 240 Kaimur Hills (India), 244 ’ Peak (Saudi Arabia), 472 Jökulsá á Fjöllum River (Iceland), 240 Kainji Lake (Nigeria), 402 Jaco Island (East Timor), 163 Jolo (The Philippines), 435 Kakamega Forest Reserve (Kenya), 291 Jaffna Lagoon (Sri Lanka), 504 Sound (Canada), 99 Kakhovka Reservoir (Ukraine), 559 Jaffna Peninsula (Sri Lanka), 504 Jong River (Sierra Leone), 481 Kala River (Sri Lanka), 504 Jagdishpur Reservoir (Nepal), 385 Jordan, 266, 281–283, 282 Jaghbub (Libya), 318 , 267, 282–283 Botswana, 71, 72 Jake Lake. See Tianchi Lake (China) Jordan River Valley, 266, 281, 283 Namibia, 377, 380 Jakobshavn Glacier (Greenland), 215 Jo-Shin-Etsu National Park (Japan), 277 South Africa, 497 Jakupica Mountains (Macedonia), 325 Jos Plateau (Nigeria), 402–404 Kalambo Falls (Zambia), 607 Jalaan (Oman), 410 Joseph Bonaparte Gulf (Australia), 34 Kalang River (Singapore), 483 Jalal-Abad (Kyrgyzstan), 302 Jost Van Dyke Island (British Virgin Islands), Kali Gandak Gorge (Nepal), 384 Jalapa (Mexico), 356 79 Kali Gandak River (Nepal), 385 Jalu (Libya), 318 Jostedalsbreen (Norway), 405 Kalimantan (Indonesia), 248, 250, 252 Jaluit Atoll (Marshall Islands), 344 Jotunheimen (Norway), 405 Kálimnos (Greece), 213 Jamaica, 273–276, 274, 275t Joubert Mountains (Namibia), 378 Kaliningrad Oblast (Russia), 453, 455 Jamaica Channel, 231 Jourdain River (Vanuatu), 587 Kaloum Peninsula. See Camayenne Peninsula (Canada), 97 Joyce, James, 264 (Guinea) James Island (Gambia), 198 Juan Fernández Islands (Chile), 113 Kalpitya Peninsula (Sri Lanka), 504 James River (United States), 576 Jubba River, 182, 491 Kalri Lake. See Kinjhar Lake (Pakistan) Jammer Bay (Denmark), 154 Júcar River (Spain), 500 Kama River (Russia), 454 Jammu, 242 Judaea (Israel), 266, 267 Kasn River (Iran), 256, 257 Jamuna River. See Brahmaputra River (Israel), 267 Kasn River Canyon (Iran), 255

664 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 665 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Kamadougou Yobé River (Niger), 399 Karre Mountains (Central African Republic), Khangla Deorali (Nepal), 384 Kamaran Island (Yemen), 600 105 Khao Laem Reservoir (Thailand), 534 (Russia), 451, 453, 455 Karst landscape (Thailand), 536 Kamchiya River (Bulgaria), 83 Cuba, 146 Khaptad National Park (Nepal), 385–386 Kame Plješevica peak (Croatia), 142 Jamaica, 274 Khaptad Plateau (Nepal), 384 Kamet (India), 242 Laos, 306 Khargah Depression. See Kharga Oasis (Egypt) Kamjan Marshes (Iran), 257 Puerto Rico, 444 Khartoum (Sudan), 506–509 Kamnik-Savinja Range (Slovenia), 487 Romania, 449 Khermiin Tsav Canyon (Mongolia), 364 Kampala (Uganda), 558 Kartaliniya Plain (Georgia), 200 Khobdo River (Mongolia), 365 Kampar River (Indonesia), 251 Kasa Murgh Range (Afghanistan), 3 Khomas Highlands (Namibia), 378 m Kâmpóng Saôm. See Kompong Som Kasaba Bay (Zambia), 607 Kh r al-’Udeid. See Persian Gulf Index (Cambodia) (DROC), 131 Khorat Plateau (Thailand), 533–534 Kanchenjunga, 242, 384 Kashmir, 242, 411 Khrami River (Georgia), 200 Kandla (India), 245 Kassala (Sudan), 508 Khrysokhou Bay (Cyprus), 149 Kandovan hills (Iran), 255 Kasserine Pass (Tunisia), 544 Khudzhand (Tajikistan), 529 Kandy (Sri Lanka), 503 Katano-kamoike (Japan), 278 Khumib River (Namibia), 379 Kandy Plateau (Sri Lanka), 503 Kathiwar Peninsula (India), 246 (Pakistan), 414 Kangaroo Island (Australia), 34 Kathmandu (Nepal), 384 Khuran Straits (Iran), 257 Kangnam Range (DPRK), 295 Kathmandu Valley (Nepal), 383–386 Khurjya Murjya Bay (Oman), 410 Kaniv Reservoir (Ukraine), 559 Katlanovo Spa (Macedonia), 326 Khyber Pass, 3, 412 Kanjli (India), 245 Katonga River (Uganda), 557 Kibo (Tanzania), 530 Kano Rift Valley (Kenya), 290 Kattegat, 154, 515–516 Kicevo (Macedonia), 326 Kansai International Airport (Japan), 279 Kauai (United States), 577, 579 Kiel Canal. See Nord-Ostsee Canal (Germany) Kanto Plain (Japan), 279, 280 Kauf. See Windstorms Kiev (Ukraine), 560–561 Kanuku Mountains (Guyana), 227, 229 Kaufmann Peak. See Lenin Peak Kiev Reservoir (Ukraine), 559 Kao-hsiung (Taiwan), 526 Kaukauveld (Namibia), 379 Kigezi District (Uganda), 556 Kao Island (Tonga), 539 Kaula (United States), 577 Kihnu Island (Estonia), 180 Kao-p’ing River (Taiwan), 525–526 Kaunas (Lithuania), 321–322 Kii Peninsula (Japan), 279 Kaôh Ru˘ng (Cambodia), 90 Kaunas Sea (Lithuania), 320 (Papua New Guinea), 422 Kaokoveld Mountains (Namibia), 378, 379 Kavac Canyon (Venezuela), 591 Killala Bay (Ireland), 263 Kaolack (Senegal), 477 Kâveri River (India), 245 Killarney National Park (Ireland), 263 Kapingamarangi Islands (Micronesia), 358 Kavirs, Iran, 256 Kjrthar Range (Pakistan), 412 Kapos River (Hungary), 236 Kayangel Atoll (Palau), 416 Kjsh (Iran), 257 Kaptai Lake. See Karnaphuli Reservoir Kayser Mountains (Suriname), 510 (Malaysia), 335 (Bangladesh) Kayseri (Turkey), 547–548 Kinangop Plateau (Kenya), 289 Kapuas River (Indonesia), 250–251 Kazakhstan, 284–288, 285, 287t King Fahd Causeway, 44 Kapuzbasi Waterfall (Turkey), 548 Kazan’ (Russia), 454 King George I island (Antarctica), 20 Kara River (Togo), 537 Kazinga Channel (Uganda), 556 Kingangop Plateau (Kenya), 290 Kara Sea, 455 Ke Ga Point (Vietnam), 596 Kingman Reef (United States), 577 Kara-Bogaz Gol (Turkmenistan), 551 Keban Reservoir (Turkey), 548 Kingston (Jamaica), 274, 275 Karachi (Pakistan), 413–414 (Sweden), 514 Kingstown (Saint Vincent and the Depression (Kazakhstan), 285 Keeling. See Cocos Islands (Australia) Grenadines), 465 Karagöl Mountains (Turkey), 546 Keelung (Taiwan), 526 Kinjhar Lake (Pakistan), 413 Karakalpakstan. See Qoraqalpogh Kefallinía. See Cephalonia (Greece) Kinki Plain (Japan), 279, 280 Autonomous Republic (Uzbekistan) Kegums Reservoir (Latvia), 308 Kinmen. See Guemoy Islands (Taiwan) Highway, 414 Kelantin River (Malaysia), 335 Kinneret. See (Israel) Karakoram Mountains (Pakistan), 411 Kemi River (Finland), 187 Kintyre Peninsula (United Kingdom), 568–569 Karakoram Pass (India), 242–243 Kempenland (Belgium), 54 Kipengere Range (Tanzania), 531 Karakoro River (Mali), 341 Kenya, 288–292, 289, 292t Kiribati, 292–294, 293, 294t Kara-Kum Canal, 551 Kenya Dome, 288 Kirishima Yaku (Japan), 277 Kara-Kum Desert (Turkmenistan), 550–552 Kenya Highlands, 288, 290 Kiritappu-shitsugen (Japan), 278 Karamea Bight (New Zealand), 393 Kenyir Reservoir (Malaysia), 334–335 Kiritimati Island (Kiribati), 292, 293 Karamoja District (Uganda), 556 Keokradong (Bangladesh), 45 Kiriwina (Papua New Guinea), 422 Karas Mountain (Namibia), 379 Keoladeo National Park (India), 245 Kirkuk (Iraq), 261 Karatoya River (Bangladesh), 46 Kerch Peninsula (Ukraine), 561 Kishon River (Israel), 267 Karau Ulun River (East Timor), 163 Kerguélin (France), 192 Kisite (Kenya), 290 Karawanken Mountains, 36, 487 Kerintji (Indonesia), 249 Kiso Mountains (Japan), 276 Kardiva Channel (Maldives), 337, 338 Kerio River (Kenya), 290 Kitadake (Japan), 276 (Finland), 186 Kerjhar Lake (Pakistan), 413 Kitami Mountains (Japan), 276 Karfinigan River (Tajikistan), 528 Kerulen River (Mongolia), 365 Kitava (Papua New Guinea), 422 (Indonesia), 251 Khaark Island (Iran), 257 Kitzbühel Alps (Austria), 36 Karisimbi (DROC), 130 Khabsr River, 522–523 Kiwi birds, 393 Karkar (Papua New Guinea), 422 Kharga Oasis (Egypt), 168, 170 Kizil River (Turkey), 548 Karkheh River (Iran), 256 Khamir Harbor (Iran), 257 Kizilirmak, Halys. See Kizil River (Turkey) Karkinit Bay (Ukraine), 561 Khamsin. See Winds Kjølen Mountains, 405, 514 Karnali River (Nepal), 385 Khamsin (United Arab Emirates), 563 Klaiphda (Lithuania), 322 Karnaphuli Reservoir (Bangladesh), 45 Khan Tangiri Shyngy (Kazakhstan), 284 Klamath Mountains (United States), 574

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 665 Geodata.book Page 666 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Klamath River (United States), 576 Koro Island (Fiji), 185 Kushiro-shitsugen (Japan), 278 Klar River (Sweden), 515 Körog˘lu Mountains (Turkey), 546 Kusiyara River (Bangladesh), 46 Klein Spitzkoppe (Namibia), 378 Koror Island (Palau), 416 Kuskokwin River (United States), 576 Klidhes (Cyprus), 148 Körös River (Hungary), 236 Kutaisi (Georgia), 201 Kluane Lake (Canada), 97 Koryak Range (Russia), 453 Kutcharo-ko (Japan), 278 Kluane National Park (Canada), 97 Kos (Greece), 213 Kuti. See Kodari (Nepal) (Russia), 453 Koshi Tappu (Nepal), 385 Kutubdia (Bangladesh), 47 Knockmealdown Mountains (Ireland), 262 (Nepal), 385 Kuwait, 300, 300–301, 301t Knuckles Mountains. See Dumbara Mountains Kosovo (Yugoslavia), 602 Kuwait Bay (Kuwait), 300–301 (Sri Lanka) Kosrae (Micronesia), 358–359 Kuwait City (Kuwait), 301 Knuckles Peak (Sri Lanka), 503 Kosudonggul (Korea, Republic of), 298 Kvaløy (Norway), 406 Kobako Canyon (Japan), 278 Kotmale Reservoir (Sri Lanka), 503 Kvarner Bay (Croatia), 143 Kobe (Japan), 278, 279 Kotto River (Central African Republic), 105 Kwa River (DROC), 131 Kobustan Mountain (Azerbaijan), 40 Kouffo River (Benin), 58 Kwafe River (Zambia), 607 Kocaeli. See Kzmit (Turkey) Kouilou River (Republic of the Congo), 134 Kwahu Plateau (Ghana), 207–208 Kocevje (Slovenia), 488 Kouris River (Cyprus), 149 Kwajalein Atoll (Marshall Islands), 344 Kodari (Nepal), 384 Kourou River (French Guiana), 195 Kwando River (Namibia), 379 Koddiyar Bay (Sri Lanka), 504 Kowkcheh River (Afghanistan), 3 (DROC), 131 Kodiak Island (United States), 577 Koyukuk River (United States), 576 Kwanmo-bon (DPRK), 295 Køge Bay (Denmark), 154 Kozara Mountains (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Kwanza River. See Cuanza River (Angola) Koh Chang Island (Thailand), 535 69 (DROC), 131 Koh Lanta Island (Thailand), 535 Kožuf Mountains (Macedonia), 325 Kyffhäuser Mountains (Germany), 204 Koh Phangan Island (Thailand), 535 Krabi Estuary (Thailand), 535 Kyo˘nggi Bay, 296, 298 Koh Phi-Phi Island (Thailand), 535 Krakatau volcano (Indonesia), 250 Kyoto (Japan), 279 Koh Samet National Park (Thailand), 535 Krakatoa volcano. See Krakatau volcano Kyparissouvouno peak (Cyprus), 149 Koh Samui Island (Thailand), 535 (Indonesia) Kyrenia Range (Cyprus), 148–149 Koh Tao Island (Thailand), 535 Krakow (Poland), 438 Kyrgyz Republic. See Kyrgyzstan Kohung Peninsula (Korea, Republic of), 298 Kranji River (Singapore), 483 Kyrgyzstan, 302–304, 303, 304t Kokkilai Lagoon (Sri Lanka), 504 Kras Plateau (Slovenia), 487 Kysshs (Japan), 276–280 Koko Nor. See (China) Krasnovodsk (Turkmenistan), 551 Kysshs Mountains (Japan), 279 (Russia), 455 Krâvanh Range (Cambodia), 89 Kyzyl Kum Desert (Kazakhstan), 287 Kolkata (India), 242, 248 Kremenchuk Reservoir (Ukraine), 559 Kolkhida Lowlands (Georgia), 200, 201 (India), 245 L Kolombangara Island (Solomon Islands), 489 Krivosije (Yugoslavia), 604 Kolonia (Micronesia), 359 Krk Island (Croatia), 143 La Brea (Trinidad and Tobago), 542 Kólpos Khaníon (Crete), 213 Krka River, 143, 488 La Condamine (Monaco), 362 Kolumadulu Atoll (Maldives), 338 Krkonoše Mountains (Czech Republic), 150 La Costa (Peru), 428, 431 Kolyma Range (Russia), 453 Kro˘ng Kaôh Ko˘ng (Cambodia), 90 La Désirade (Guadeloupe), 218–219 Komadugu Yobe River (Nigeria), 403 Kryvyy Rih (Ukraine), 561 La Digue Island (Seychelles), 479 Komati River (Swaziland), 512–513 Kryzl Kum Desert (Uzbekistan), 583, 585–586 La Guajira Peninsula (Venezuela), 592 Kometspruit River (Lesotho), 312 Ksour Mountains (Algeria), 8 La Libertad (El Salvador), 173 Komoé (Côte d’Ivoire), 139 Kuala Belait (Brunei), 81 La Mancha Plain (Spain), 501 Kompong Som (Cambodia), 90 Kuan Ki Sian (Thailand), 535 La Nicolière (Mauritius), 351 Kong falls (Laos), 306 Kuanza. See Cuanza River La Palma Island (Spain), 500 Kong River (Laos), 306 Kücükmenderes River (Turkey), 548–549 La Paz (Bolivia), 65–67 Königsstuhl (Germany), 205 Ku˘m River (Korea, Republic of), 298 La Perouse Strait. See Smya Strait Konigstein (Namibia), 378 Ku˘mgang-san (DPRK), 295 La Rochelle (France), 192 Konkori Scarp (Ghana), 208 Kugitang Range, 550 La Selva (Peru), 428, 430, 431 Konkouré River (Guinea), 224 Kuiseb River (Namibia), 379 La Sierra (Peru), 428, 431 Konqi River (China), 119 Kula Kangri (Bhutan), 62 La Tortuga (Venezuela), 592 Konsen (Japan), 279 Kulna Division (Bangladesh), 46 La Unión Bay (El Salvador), 173 Konya (Turkey), 549 Kumon Range (Myanmar), 375 Labe River. See Elbe River Koohestak (Iran), 257 Kunashir Island, 276 Labrador Sea (Canada), 99 Koper (Slovenia), 488 Kundelungu Mountains (DROC), 130 Labuan (Malaysia), 335 Kopet-Dag Mountains, 550, 552 Kunlun Shan (China), 116 Labuk Bay (Malaysia), 336 Kopjes (Zimbabwe), 609 Kupa River (Croatia), 143 Labwor Hills (Uganda), 556 Korab Mountains (Macedonia), 325 Kura-Aras lowlands (Azerbaijan), 39–41 Lac Assal (Djibouti), 156 Korbu (Malaysia), 334 Kura River, 40, 200 Lac de Guiers (Senegal), 476 Korcula Island (Croatia), 143 Küre Mountains (Turkey), 546 Lac de Péligre. See Lake Péligre (Haiti) Kore La (Nepal), 384 Kuril Islands, 453, 455 Lac Rose (Senegal), 476 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of Kurobe Gorge (Japan), 278 Lacajahuira River (Bolivia), 67 (DPRK, North Korea), 294–297, 295, Kuršiu Marios (Lithuania), 321, 322 Laccadive Island (India), 246 296t Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (Russia), 457 Lachlan River (Australia), 33 Korea, Republic of (ROK, South Korea), 297– Kuruktag Shan (China), 116 (India), 244 299, 298, 299t Kurzeme Peninsula (Latvia), 308 Lae (Papua New Guinea), 423 Korea Bay, 119, 296 Kurzeme Uplands (Latvia), 308 Laga (East Timor), 162 Korean Strait, 278–279, 298 Kuscenneti National Park (Turkey), 548 Lagan River (Sweden), 515

666 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 667 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Lagarfljót River (Iceland), 240 Laguna Madre (Mexico), 355 Lake Chelan (United States), 575 Lågen River (Norway), 405 Laguna Madre (United States), 578 Lake Chepo (Panama), 418 Lago Apoyeque (Nicaragua), 396 Laguna Merín. See Lagoa Mirím Lake Ch’ew Bahir (Ethiopia), 182 Lago Argentino (Argentina), 25 Laguna Negra (Uruguay), 582 Lake Chiem (Germany), 204 Lago Azuei. See Lake Saumâtre (Haiti) Laguna Páhara (Nicaragua), 397 Lake Chiker (Morocco), 369 Lago Buenos Aires (Argentina), 25 Lagunar de Tisma (Nicaragua), 396 Lake Chilwa (Malawi), 332, 333 Lago Colhué Huapí (Argentina), 25 Lahar (mudslides), 250 Lake Chiuta (Mozambique), 372 Lago de Coatepeque (El Salvador), 172 Lakagígar (Iceland), 239 Lake Cildir (Turkey), 547 Lago de Guija (El Salvador), 172 Lake Abaya (Ethiopia), 182 Lake Claire (Canada), 98 Lago de Ilopango (El Salvador), 172 Lake Abe, 156, 182 Lake Cohoha, 87, 459

Lago de Managua (Nicaragua), 396 Lake Ahémé (Benin), 58 Lake Comacchio (Italy), 271 Index Lago de Nicaragua, 396 Lake Akpehir (Turkey), 547 Lake Como (Italy), 271 Lago Enriquillo. See Lake Enriquillo Lake Alajuela (Panama), 418 Lake Concepción (Bolivia), 66 (Dominican Republic) Lake Alakol’ (Kazakhstan), 286 Lake Constance, 37, 38, 204, 519 Lago Mar Chiquita (Argentina), 25 Lake Alaotra (Madagascar), 329 Lake Cuitzeo (Mexico), 354 Lago San Martín (Argentina), 25 Lake Al-Asad (Syria), 522 Lake D’Aleg (Mauritania), 348 Lago Viedma (Argentina), 25 Lake Albano (Italy), 271 Lake Danao (The Philippines), 433 Lago Xiloá (Nicaragua), 396 Lake Albert, 130, 131, 556–558 Lake Debo (Mali), 341 Lagoa Dos Patos (Brazil), 76 Lake Alexandrina (Australia), 33 Lake District (Argentina), 24, 25, 26 Lagoa Mirím, 76, 581–582 Lake Al-Qadisjyah (Iraq), 259 Lake District (Chile), 112, 113 Lagoon Region (Côte d’Ivoire), 139 Lake Amatitlán (Guatemala), 220 Lake District (England), 564, 566 Lagoons Lake Annecy (France), 191 Lake District (Poland), 437 Barbuda, 22 Lake Antoine (Grenada), 216 Lake District National Park (England), 566 Belize, 56 Lake Aougoundou (Mali), 341 Lake Do (Mali), 341 Benin, 58 Lake Arenal. See Laguna de Arenal (Costa Lake Dojran (Macedonia), 326 Brazil, 76 Rica) Lake Drisvyaty (Belarus), 50 Gabon, 197 Lake Argyle (Australia), 33 Lake Druksiai (Lithuania), 320 Ghana, 209 Lake Arre (Denmark), 154 Lake Edward, 130, 131, 556–557 Guatemala, 221 Lake Athabasca (Canada), 98 Lake Eg˘ridir (Turkey), 547 Iran, 257 Lake Ath-Tharthar (Iraq), 259 Lake Enriquillo (Dominican Republic), 159, Italy, 272 Lake Atitlán (Guatemala), 220 160 Kiribati, 293 Lake Aydarkul (Uzbekistan), 584 Lake Ercek (Turkey), 547 Liberia, 315 Lake Ba Be (Vietnam), 595 Lake Erie, 575 Lithuania, 320 (Russia), 454 Lake Eucumbene (Australia), 33 Madagascar, 329 Lake Balaton (Hungary), 235 Lake Eyasi (Tanzania), 531 Maldives, 337–338 Lake Balinsasayan (The Philippines), 433 (Australia), 33 Malta, 343 Lake Balkhash (Kazakhstan), 284, 285 Lake Faguibine (Mali), 341 Mauritius, 351 Lake Bangweulu (Zambia), 605–607 Lake Fati (Mali), 341 Mexico, 355 Lake Baringo (Kenya), 290 Lake Ferto. See Neusiedler Lake Micronesia, 358–359 Lake Be Malae (East Timor), 162 Lake Fianga (Chad), 109 Myanmar, 376 Lake Benmore (New Zealand), 392 Lake Fitri (Chad), 109 Nicaragua, 397 (Japan), 278 Lake Fluessen (The Netherlands), 388 Nigeria, 403 Lake Bolmen (Sweden), 515 Lake Fondi (Italy), 271 Palau, 416 Lake Bolsena (Italy), 271 Lake Fryxell (Antarctica), 19 Portugal, 442 Lake Bonney (Antarctica), 19 Lake Fúquene (Colombia), 123 South Africa, 496 Lake Bortles-Orgues (France), 191 Lake Gaiba (Bolivia), 66 Spain, 501 Lake Bosten (China), 118 Lake Gairdner (Australia), 33 Sri Lanka, 504 Lake Bosumtwi (Ghana), 208 Lake Garda (Italy), 271 Tuvalu, 554 Lake Bourget (France), 191 Lake Garou (Mali), 341 United States, 578 Lake Bracciano (Italy), 271 Lake General Carrera (Chile), 113 Uruguay, 581 Lake Brownworth (Antarctica), 19 Lake Geneva (Switzerland), 519 Lagos (Nigeria), 403, 404 Lake Buada. See Buada Lagoon (Nauru) Lake George (Uganda), 556–557 Lagos Lagoon (Nigeria), 403 Lake Buenos Aires. See Lake General Carrera Lake Gordon (Australia), 33 Laguna Bismuna (Nicaragua), 397 (The Philippines), 434 Lake Gyaring (China), 118 Laguna Castillos (Uruguay), 582 Lake Burera (Rwanda), 459 Lake Hago (Rwanda), 459 Laguna de Arenal (Costa Rica), 136, 137 Lake Burtnieks (Latvia), 308 Lake Hazar (Turkey), 547 Laguna de Bay (The Philippines), 433 (Egypt), 169 Lake Hazen (Canada), 97 Laguna de Caratasca (Honduras), 233, 234 Lake Buyo (Côte d’Ivoire), 139 Lake Helmand. See Lake Saberj Laguna de la Restinga (Venezuela), 592 Lake Cáceres (Bolivia), 66 Lake Hjälmaren (Sweden), 515 Laguna de Perlas (Nicaragua), 397 Lake Cachí (Costa Rica), 137 Lake Hoare (Antarctica), 19 Laguna de Tacarigua (Venezuela), 592 Lake Caño Negro (Costa Rica), 137 Lake Hornavan (Sweden), 515 Laguna de Tamiahua (Mexico), 355 Lake Cerknišco (Slovenia), 488 Lake Hula (Israel), 267 Laguna de Términos (Mexico), 356 Lake Chad, 94, 108, 399, 402 Lake Hule (Costa Rica), 137 Laguna de Wounta (Nicaragua), 397 Lake Chamo (Ethiopia), 182 Lake Huron, 575 Laguna del Jocotal (El Salvador), 172 Lake Champlain (United States), 576 Lake Idku (Egypt), 169 Laguna Grande de los Verdes (Colombia), 123 Lake Chany (Russia), 454 Lake Ihema (Rwanda), 459 Laguna Karatá (Nicaragua), 397 Lake Chapala (Mexico), 354 Lake Inari (Finland), 187

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 667 Geodata.book Page 668 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Lake (Japan), 278 Lake Muhazi (Rwanda), 459 Lake Salpi (Italy), 271 Lake Indawgyi (Myanmar), 375 Lake Müritz (Germany), 204 Lake Salto Grande (Uruguay), 581 Lake Iralalaro (East Timor), 162 Lake Murray (Papua New Guinea), 421 Lake San Luis (Bolivia), 66 Lake Iseo (Italy), 271 Lake Mweru, 131, 605–607 (Japan), 278 Lake Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyzstan), 303, 304 Lake Mývatn (Iceland), 240 Lake Sarrans (France), 191 Lake Isti (Morocco), 369 Lake Naivahsa (Kenya), 290 Lake Sarygamysh, 550, 584 Lake Izabal (Guatemala), 220, 221 Lake (Japan), 278 Lake Saumâtre (Haiti), 230, 231 Lake Iznik (Turkey), 547 Lake Nakuru (Kenya), 290 Lake Schwerin (Germany), 204 Lake Izu-numa (Japan), 278 Lake Narach. See Lake Naroch (Belarus) Lake Scutari, 5, 6, 603–604 Lake . See Ozero Karakul (Tajikistan) Lake Naroch (Belarus), 50 Lake Semara (Morocco), 369 Lake Kariba, 607, 609, 611 Lake Nasser, 168–169, 508 (Armenia), 28–29 Lake Kasumiga (Japan), 278 Lake Natron (Tanzania), 530–531 Lake Shirwa (Mozambique), 372 Lake Katwe (Uganda), 558 Lake Naujan (The Philippines), 434 Lake Shkodër. See Lake Scutari (Russia), 454 Lake Neagh. See Lough Neagh (Northern Lake Sidi Ali (Morocco), 369 Lake Kivu, 130, 131, 458–459 Ireland) Lake Sinoe (Romania), 450 Lake Korientze (Mali), 341 Lake Nemi (Italy), 271 Lake Siwi (Vanuatu), 587 Lake Korónia (Greece), 212 Lake Neuchâtel (Switzerland), 519 Lake Sloter (The Netherlands), 388 Lake Kossou (Côte d’Ivoire), 139 Lake Ngami (Botswana), 71 Lake Sonfon (Sierra Leone), 481 Lake Kummerow (Germany), 204 Lake Ngoring (China), 118 Lake Stânca-Costesti (Moldova), 361 Lake Kup (Turkey), 547 Lake Niangay (Mali), 341 Lake Storavan (Sweden), 515 Lake Kutubu (Papua New Guinea), 421 Lake Nipigon (Canada), 97 Lake Storsjön (Sweden), 515 Lake Kuz (Turkey), 548 Lake , 507 Lake Sultan Alonto (The Philippines), 434 Lake Kwania (Uganda), 557 Lake Nyasa. See Lake Superior, 97, 573, 575, 577 Lake Kyoga (Uganda), 557–558 Lake Nyos (Cameroon), 94 Lake Svityza (Ukraine), 560 Lake Ladoga (Russia), 454 Lake of Lucerne (Switzerland), 519 Lake Taabo (Côte d’Ivoire), 139 Lake Lanao. See Lake Sultan Alonto (The Lake of the Woods (United States), 575 Lake Taal (The Philippines), 433 Philippines) Lake Ohrid, 5, 6, 326 Lake Tahoe (United States), 575 Lake Lanoto’o (Samoa), 467 Lake Okeechobee (United States), 575–576 (China), 118 Lake Leman. See Lake Geneva (Switzerland) Lake Onega (Russia), 454 Lake Tana (Ethiopia), 182 Lake Lesina (Italy), 271 Lake Ontario, 575 Lake Tanda (Mali), 341 Lake Limboto (Indonesia), 250 Lake Orava (Slovakia), 485 Lake Tandano (Indonesia), 250 Lake Little Sea. See Lago Mar Chiquita Lake Orbetello (Italy), 271 Lake Tanganyika, 87–88, 130, 531–532, 605– (Argentina) Lake Orumiyé. See Lake Urmia (Iran) 607 Lake Llanquihue (Chile), 113 Lake Oskjuvatn Caldera (Iceland), 240 Lake Taupo (New Zealand), 392 Lake Lokan (Finland), 187 Lake Osveyskoye (Belarus), 50 Lake Tauragnas (Lithuania), 320 Lake Lubana (Latvia), 308 Lake Oulujärvi (Finland), 187 Lake Taymyr (Russia), 454 Lake Lugano, 271, 519 Lake Päijanne (Finland), 187 Lake Te Anau (New Zealand), 392 Lake Mabesi (Sierra Leone), 481 Lake Palmar (Uruguay), 581 Lake Teli (Mali), 341 Lake Mackay (Australia), 33 Lake Peipus, 179, 454 Lake Tengiz (Kazakhstan), 286 Lake Madden. See Lake Alajuela (Panama) Lake Péligre (Haiti), 230 Lake Tibar (East Timor), 162 Lake (Kenya), 290 Lake Petén Itzá (Guatemala), 220 Lake Tiberias. See Sea of Galilee (Israel) , 271, 519 Lake Pielinen (Finland), 187 Lake Tigalmamine (Morocco), 369 Lake Mai-Ndombe (DROC), 131 Lake Plau (Germany), 204 Lake Tilicho (Nepal), 384–385 Lake Mälaren (Sweden), 515 Lake Poopó (Bolivia), 66–67 Lake Titicaca, 66, 428 Lake Malawi, 331–332, 333, 372, 531–532 Lake Popradské (Slovakia), 485 Lake Toba (Indonesia), 250 Lake Malawi National Park (Malawi), 333 Lake Porttipahdan (Finland), 187 Lake Togo (Togo), 537 Lake Malombe (Malawi), 332 Lake Poso (Indonesia), 250 Lake Torn Träsk (Sweden), 515 Lake Manaro Lakua (Vanuatu), 587 Lake Powell (United States), 576 Lake Torrens (Australia), 33 Lake Manaro Ngoro (Vanuatu), 587 Lake Prespa, 6, 212, 326 Lake Tota (Colombia), 123 Lake Mandioré (Bolivia), 66 Lake Pskov (Estonia), 179 Lake Towuti (Indonesia), 250 Lake Manyara (Tanzania), 530–531 Lake Puzak (Afghanistan), 3 Lake Trasimerto (Italy), 271 Lake Manzala (Egypt), 169 Lake Razna (Latvia), 308 Lake Trichonis (Greece), 212 Lake Mape (Sierra Leone), 481 Lake Razelm (Romania), 449, 450 Lake Trinidad (Paraguay), 425 Lake Mar Chiquita (Argentina), 26 Lake Rkiz (Mauritania), 348 Lake Tsimanampetsotsa (Madagascar), 329 Lake Maracaibo (Venezuela), 591–592 Lake Rogoaguado (Bolivia), 66 Lake Tumba (DROC), 131 Lake Maryut (Egypt), 169 Lake Rozmberk (Czech Republic), 151 , 182, 290, 292 Lake Massaciuccoli (Italy), 271 Lake Rudolf. See Lake Turkana Lake Tuz (Turkey), 547, 549 Lake Matana (Indonesia), 250 Lake Rugwero, 459 Lake Uberaba (Bolivia), 66 Lake Maubara (East Timor), 162 Lake Ruhondo (Rwanda), 459 Lake Uchi-numa (Japan), 278 Lake Mavrovo (Macedonia), 326 Lake Rukwa (Tanzania), 531 Lake Uddjaur (Sweden), 515 Lake Mead (United States), 576 Lake Rwanye (Rwanda), 459 Lake Ulubat (Turkey), 547 Lake Melville (Canada), 98 Lake Rwehikama (Rwanda), 459 Lake Upemba (DROC), 131 Lake Michigan (United States), 575 Lake Rweru (Burundi), 87 Lake Urmia (Iran), 255, 256, 257 Lake Mjøsa (Norway), 405 Lake Sabai Tsho (Nepal), 385 Lake Usma (Latvia), 308 Lake Moero. See Lake Mweru Lake Saberj, 3, 255, 257 Lake Valence (Hungary), 235–236 Lake Monoun (Cameroon), 94 Lake Saimaa (Finland), 187 Lake Valencia (Venezuela), 591 Lake Mugesera (Rwanda), 459 Lake Salisbury (Uganda), 557–558 Lake Van (Turkey), 546–547, 549

668 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 669 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Lake Vanda (Antarctica), 19 Finland, 186, 187 South Africa, 495–496 Lake Vänern (Sweden), 514, 515, 517 France, 191 Sri Lanka, 503 Lake Varano (Italy), 271 Germany, 204 Sudan, 507 Lake Vättern (Sweden), 515, 517 Ghana, 208 Suriname, 510–511 Lake Verá (Paraguay), 425 Greece, 212 Sweden, 515 Lake Vico (Italy), 271 Grenada, 216 Switzerland, 519 Lake Victoria, 288, 290, 530–532, 556–558 Guatemala, 220 Syria, 522 Lake Vistonis (Thrace), 212 Haiti, 230 Taiwan, 525 (Ghana), 208 Honduras, 233 Tajikistan, 528 Lake Vólvi (Greece), 212 Hungary, 235–236 Thailand, 534

Lake Võrts (Estonia), 179 Iceland, 240 Togo, 538 Index Lake (Antarctica), 19 India, 244 Tonga, 539 Lake Voui (Vanuatu), 587 Indonesia, 250 Tunisia, 544 Lake Wakatipu (New Zealand), 392 Iran, 255–256 Turkey, 547 Lake Winnipeg (Canada), 98 Iraq, 259 Uganda, 556–557 Lake Xau (Botswana), 71 Ireland, 262–263 Ukraine, 559–560 Lake Yalpuh (Ukraine), 559–560 Israel, 267 United Kingdom, 566 Lake Yojoa (Honduras), 233 Italy, 271 United States, 575–576 Lake Ypacaraí (Paraguay), 425 Japan, 278 Uruguay, 581 Lake Ypoá (Paraguay), 425 Jordan, 282 Uzbekistan, 584 Lake Zapatosa (Colombia), 123 Kazakhstan, 285–286 Vanuatu, 587 Lake Zaysan (Kazakhstan), 286 Kenya, 290 Venezuela, 591 Lake Zorkul (Afghanistan), 3 Kiribati, 293 Vietnam, 595 Lakeba Island (Fiji), 185 Kyrgyzstan, 303 Yemen, 599–600 Lakes Laos, 306 Yugoslavia, 603 Afghanistan, 3 Latvia, 308 Zambia, 606–607 Albania, 5, 6 Lithuania, 320 Zimbabwe, 609 Antarctica, 19 Luxembourg, 323 See also names of specific lakes Argentina, 24, 25 Macedonia, 326 Lakhya River (Bangladesh), 46 Armenia, 28–29 Madagascar, 329 Laklo (East Timor), 162 Australia, 33 Malawi, 331–332 Laklo River (East Timor), 163 Austria, 37 Malaysia, 334–335 (India), 246 Azerbaijan, 40 Mali, 341 Lama Marsh (Benin), 58 Bangladesh, 45 Mauritania, 348 Lamantin (Martinique), 347 Belarus, 50 Mauritius, 351 Glacier (Antarctica), 19 Belgium, 53 Mexico, 354 Lamon Bay (The Philippines), 435 Belize, 56 Mongolia, 364–365 Lamu Archipelago (Kenya), 291 Benin, 58 Morocco, 369 Lanai (United States), 577 Bolivia, 66 Mozambique, 372 Lancang River (China), 119 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 69 Myanmar, 375 Lancaster Sound (Canada), 99 Botswana, 71 Namibia, 379 Land disputes. See Territorial disputes Brunei, 80 Nauru, 382 Land of Dry Water. See Etosha Pan (Namibia) Bulgaria, 82 Nepal, 384–385 Land of Gilead. See Northern Highlands Burundi, 87 The Netherlands, 388 (Jordan) Cambodia, 89 New Zealand, 392 Land of Ten Thousand Hills. See Rwanda Cameroon, 94 Nicaragua, 396 Land of volcanoes. See El Salvador Canada, 97–98 Niger, 399 Land reclamation Central African Republic, 105 Nigeria, 402 Belgium, 52–54 Chad, 108–109 Norway, 405 Japan, 278, 279 Chile, 113 Pakistan, 413 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, China, 117–118 Panama, 418 296 Colombia, 123 Papua New Guinea, 421–422 The Netherlands, 387, 389 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 131 Paraguay, 425 Landes (France), 194 Costa Rica, 137 Peru, 428 Landslides Côte d’Ivoire, 139 The Philippines, 433–434 Georgia, 200 Croatia, 142–143 Poland, 437 Japan, 276–277 Czech Republic, 151 Romania, 449 Kyrgyzstan, 302 Denmark, 154 Russia, 454 Venezuela, 591–592 Djibouti, 156 Rwanda, 458–459 Langeberg Range (South Africa), 494 Dominica, 157 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 460 Langeland Strait (Denmark), 154 Dominican Republic, 160 Samoa, 467 Langfjell (Norway), 405 East Timor, 162 Senegal, 476 Langjökull (Iceland), 240 Ecuador, 165 Sierra Leone, 481 Langkawi (Malaysia), 335 Egypt, 168–169 Singapore, 483 Languages El Salvador, 172 Slovakia, 485 Canada, 101 Estonia, 179 Slovenia, 488 Chad, 111 Ethiopia, 182 Somalia, 491 Eritrea, 178

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 669 Geodata.book Page 670 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Guinea, 224 Lesser Himalayas, 62–64, 383 Little Corn Island (Nicaragua), 396 Guinea-Bissau, 226 Lesser Kabylie range (Algeria), 8 Little Danube River (Slovakia), 485 Länkäran Lowlands (Azerbaijan), 40 , 162, 252 Little Karroo Plateau (South Africa), 495 Lan-Yü Island (Taiwan), 525 Lesser Tunb Island (United Arab Emirates), Little Karroo Range (South Africa), 494 Lanzarote Island (Spain), 500 563 Little Mount Ararat (Turkey), 546 Laos, 304–307, 305, 307t Lésvos. See Lesbos (Greece) Little Riviera. See Moselle River Valley Lapland (Finland), 186–188 Leukas (Greece), 212 (Luxembourg) Laptev Sea, 455 Levees (Hungary), 236–237 Little Scarcies River (Sierra Leone), 481 Lapuan River (Finland), 187 Levera Pond (Grenada), 216 Little Switzerland. See Müllerthal Laramie Range (United States), 573 Levká Mountains (Greece), 212 (Luxembourg) Large Island (Grenada), 217 Levkas. See Leukas (Greece) Little Tobago Island (Trinidad and Tobago), Large Lake. See Grand Lac (Switzerland) Lewis (United Kingdom), 568 541 Larnaca Bay (Cyprus), 149 Leyte (The Philippines), 434–435 Little Zab River (Iraq), 260 Larsen Ice Shelf (Antarctica), 20, 21 (The Philippines), 434 Littoral. See Costa (Ecuador) Larvotto (Monaco), 362 Lian-hua Feng (China), 117 Liverpool Bay (England), 569 Latgale Upland (Latvia), 308 Liao He (China), 118 Livingstone Falls (DROC), 131 Latvia, 307–309, 308, 309t (China), 119 Livingstone-Nyasa Highlands (Mozambique), Group (Fiji), 185 Liban River valley (Malaysia), 335 370 Lau Island (Fiji), 185 Liberia, 313–315, 314, 315t Ljubljana (Slovenia), 488 Laughing Bird Cay (Belize), 56 Libuasan marsh (The Philippines), 434 Ljubljana Basin (Slovenia), 487 Laurentian Highlands (Canada), 97 Libungan marsh (The Philippines), 434 Ljubljanica River (Slovenia), 488 Laurentian Plateau. See Canadian Shield Libya, 8, 316–318, 317 Ljungan River (Sweden), 515 Lava fields, in Iceland, 238–239 Libyan Desert, 318, 509 Llandudno Beach (South Africa), 496 Lavan (Iran), 257 Lichinga Plateau (Mozambique), 371–372 (United States), 571, 574 Layou River (Dominica), 157 Liechtenstein, 318–320, 319 Llanos (Venezuela), 592–593 Le Kartala. See Mt. Karthala (Comoros) Lielupe River (Latvia), 308 Llanura de los Guatusos (Costa Rica), 137 Le Robert Bay (Martinique), 346 Liepaja (Latvia), 309 Llanura de San Carlos. See San Carlos Plains Leakey, Louis S.B., 530 Lighthouse of the Pacific. See Volcán Izalco (El (Costa Rica) Lebanon, 309–311, 310 Salvador) Lleyn Peninsula (United Kingdom), 569 Lebanon Mountains, 310–311 Island, 248, 335 Llullaillaco (Chile), 112 Lebombo Plain (Swaziland), 512 Ligonha River (Mozambique), 372 Loa River (Chile), 113 Lebombo Range (Swaziland), 512 Liguanea Plain (Jamaica), 275 Lobaye River (Central African Republic), 105 Lechtal Alps (Austria), 36 Liguria (Italy), 272 Lobos Island (Spain), 500 Ledenika Lake (Bulgaria), 82 (Italy), 272 Loch Awe (Scotland), 566 Likiep Atoll (Marshall Islands), 344 Loch Lomond (Scotland), 566 Anguilla, 16–17 Lille Strait (Denmark), 154 Loch Loyal (Scotland), 566 Antigua, 22–23 Lilongwe (Malawi), 332, 333 Loch Ness (Scotland), 566 Barbuda, 22–23 Lilongwe Plain (Malawi), 331 Loch Shin (Scotland), 566 Netherlands Antilles, 390 Lilongwe River (Malawi), 332 Lochs. See Lakes Saint Kitts and Nevis, 461 Lim Fjord (Denmark), 154 Loess, Germany, 206 Leie River (Belgium), 53 Lima (Peru), 431 (China), 115, 117, 120 Leitha River (Austria), 37–38 Limarí River (Chile), 113 Lofa River (Liberia), 314 Lek River. See Neder Rijn (The Netherlands) Limay River (Argentina), 26 Lofoten (Norway), 406 Lele (Micronesia), 359 Limbang River valley (Brunei), 80 Loggerhead turtles, 409 Lely Mountains (Suriname), 510 Limerick (Ireland), 264 Logone River, 94, 108, 109, 110 Lemnos (Greece), 212 Limestone Loire River (France), 191 Lempa River (Honduras), 233 Cayman Islands, 103 Lois River (East Timor), 162 Lemurs, 327 Cuban mountains, 144, 146 Loktak Lake (India), 245 Lena River (Russia), 454 Dinaric Alps, 142 Lolland Island (Denmark), 154 Lenin Peak, 303, 528 Estonia, 179 (Sierra Leone), 481 Leninabad. See Khudzhand (Tajikistan) Moravian Karst, 151 Lomaiviti (Fiji), 185 Lepontine Alps (Switzerland), 518 North Albanian Alps, 6 (DROC), 131 Lerma River (Mexico), 354 Límnos. See Lemnos (Greece) Lombok (Indonesia), 248–254 Les Amirantes (Seychelles), 480 , 72, 372, 495–496, 609–610 Lomé (Togo), 538 Les Cayemites (Haiti), 231 Line Islands (Kiribati), 292–293 London (England), 567, 570 Les Tantes Island (Grenada), 217 (The Philippines), 435 Long (Papua New Guinea), 422 Les Trois River (Haiti), 231 Linyanti River (Namibia), 379 Long Beach (Yugoslavia). See Velika Plaza Les Valls. See The Valleys (Andorra) Lipari Islands (Italy), 269, 272 (Yugoslavia) Lesbos (Greece), 212 Lipno Dam (Czech Republic), 151 Long Island (The Bahamas), 42 Lesotho, 311–313, 312, 313t Lipobane Point (Mozambique), 373 Long Island (United States), 577 Lesser Antarctica. See Lisbon (Portugal), 440, 442, 443 Long Strait, 455 Lesser Antilles Lithuania, 320–322, 321, 322t Lopevi Island (Vanuatu), 587 Guadeloupe, 218–219 Litoral. See Costa (Ecuador) Los Angeles (United States), 578 Martinique, 346–347 Little Alföld (Hungary), 235, 237, 238 Los Roques Archipelago (Venezuela), 592 See also Leeward Islands; Windward Little Bahama Bank, 41 Lospalos (East Timor), 162 Islands Little Carpathian Mountains (Slovakia), 485 Lotagipi Swamp (Sudan), 508 Mountains, 28, 40, 200 Little Cayman Island, 103–104 Lotus Flower Peak. See Lian-hua Feng (China)

670 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 671 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Louessé River (Republic of the Congo), 134 Maas River. See Meuse River Majevica Mountains (Bosnia and Lough Allen (Ireland), 262 Macdonnell Range (Australia), 32 Herzegovina), 69 Lough Conn (Ireland), 262 Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of, Majorca Island (Spain), 500 Lough Corrib (Ireland), 262 324–327, 325, 326t Majors Bay (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 461 Lough Derg (Ireland), 262 Macgillycuddy’s Reeks (Ireland), 262 Majuro Atoll (Marshall Islands), 344 Lough Foyle (Northern Ireland), 569 Machar Marshes (Sudan), 508 Makassar Strait, 251 Lough Hyne (Ireland), 262 Mach’o˘l Range (DPRK), 295 Makgadikgadi Salt Pans (Botswana), 71 Lough Leane (Ireland), 263 Machu Picchu (Peru), 430 Makhaleng River. See Kometspruit River Lough Mask (Ireland), 262 Macias Nguema Biyogo. See Isla de Bioko (Lesotho) Lough Neagh (Northern Ireland), 262, 565– (Equatorial Guinea) Makmal (Kyrgyzstan), 304

567 Mackenzie Range (Canada), 97 Makonde Plateau (Tanzania), 531 Index Lough Ree (Ireland), 262 Mackenzie River (Canada), 98 Makorako (New Zealand), 391 Loughs. See Lakes Mackenzie Trough (Canada), 99 Range (Pakistan), 412 Louisiade Archipelago (Papua New Guinea), Maclaralin River (Dominica), 158 Malabar Coast (India), 246 422, 423 Macuma River. See Morona River (Ecuador) Malagarasi River, 88, 531 . See Benelux countries Madagascar, 327–330, 328 Malaita Island (Solomon Islands), 489–490 Low Netherlands, 387 Madang (Papua New Guinea), 422 Malakula (Vanuatu), 587 Low Steppes (Tunisia), 545 Madeira (Portugal), 440, 442 Malanje Highlands (Angola), 13 330–333, Low Tatras Mountains (Slovakia), 485–486 Madeira River (Brazil), 74 Malawi, 331, 332t Lower California Peninsular Range, 574 Madeiran archipelago (Portugal), 442 , 248–254, 333, 374 333–337, Lower Congo (DROC), 131 Madelgabel (Germany), 202 Malaysia, 248, 251, 334, 336t Lower Galilee (Israel), 266 Madhumati River (Bangladesh), 46 Malcom (Oman), 409 Lower Guinea, 222 (India), 244, 247 Malden Island (Kiribati), 292, 293 337–339, Lower Lough Erne (Northern Ireland), 566– Madjera range (Algeria), 8 Maldives, 338, 339t 567 Madonie Range (Italy), 270–271 Malé (Maldives), 337–339 Lower Rhine River (Switzerland), 519 Madras. See Chennai (India) Malé Atoll (Maldives), 337–339 k Lower Tunguska River (Russia), 454 Madre de Dios River (Peru), 430 Ma e Karpaty. See Little Carpathian Mountains Loweswater Lake (England), 566 Madura (Indonesia), 252 (Slovakia) Maletsunyane Falls (Lesotho), 312 Lowland north (Argentina), 24 Maduru Oya Reservoir (Sri Lanka), 503 Maletsunyane River (Lesotho), 312 Lowlands. See names of specific lowlands Maduru River (Sri Lanka), 503 Lowveld (Zimbabwe), 609, 611 Mali, 339–342, 340, 342t Mae Klong Bay (Thailand), 535 Loyalty Islands (France), 193 Maliana Plateau (East Timor), 162 Maéwo (Vanuatu), 587 Lü Tao Island (Taiwan), 525 Malibamatso River (Lesotho), 312 Mafia (Tanzania), 531–532 (DROC), 130 Malingre Island (French Guiana), 195 Mafinga Hills (Zambia), 606 (Zambia), 605, 607 Maloelap Atoll (Marshall Islands), 344 Mafingi Mountains (Zambia), 605 Luangwa River Valley (Zambia), 606–607 Malolo Island (Fiji), 185 Magaruque Island (Mozambique), 373 (DROC), 130 Malolotja Falls (Swaziland), 512 Magdalena Bay (Mexico), 355 Lucie River (Suriname), 511 Malolotja Nature Reserve (Swaziland), 512– Magdalena River (Colombia), 124 Lugano (Switzerland), 520 513 Magellanic penguins, 26 (Mozambique), 372 Malolotja River (Swaziland), 512 Maggia River (Switzerland), 519 Luhwa River (Rwanda), 459 Maloti Mountains (Lesotho), 312, 313 Maghreb region Lukanga Swamp (Zambia), 607–608 Malpelo Island (Colombia), 125 Algeria, 8–11 Lukenie River (DROC), 131 Malta, 342–345, 343, 344t Morocco, 367–370 (DROC), 130 Malta Channel, 272 Tunisia, 543–545 Lule River (Sweden), 515 Maluku Islands (Indonesia), 249, 252 Maha River (Sri Lanka), 504 Lulua River (DROC), 131 Maluku Sea, 251 a Lunda Divide, 13 Mah bharat Range (Nepal), 383, 384 Malwa Plateau (India), 244 Lundi River, 610 Mahadeo Hills (India), 244 (Indonesia), 251 Lunsemfwa River (Zambia), 607 Mahafaly Plateau (Madagascar), 328 Mambéré River (Central African Republic), (Malaysia), 335 Mahakam lakes (Indonesia), 250 105 Lúrio River (Mozambique), 372 Mahakam River (Indonesia), 250, 251 Mamoré River (Bolivia), 66 Lusaka (Zambia), 608 River (India), 245 Mana River (French Guiana), 195 Lusutfu River. See Great Usutu River Mahaweli River (Sri Lanka), 503 Managua (Nicaragua), 395 (Swaziland) Mahé Island (Seychelles), 478–480 Manam (Papua New Guinea), 422 Lst Desert (Iran), 258 Mahia Peninsula (New Zealand), 393 Manambajo River (Madagascar), 329 a Luvironza River. See Ruvironza River Mahr t Mountains (Oman), 410 (Madagascar), 329 (Burundi) Maikala Hills (India), 244 . See Tongsa River (Bhutan) (DROC), 130 Main-Danube Canal (Germany), 205 Manaslu (Nepal), 384 Luxembourg, 322–324, 323, 324t Main Ridge (Trinidad and Tobago), 541 Manatee Hills (Belize), 55 Luxembourg (city), 323–324 Main River (Germany), 204 Manatee Lagoons (Belize), 56 Luzon (The Philippines), 432–436 Maine (United States), 571, 574 Mancarrón Island (Nicaragua), 396 (The Philippines), 434 Mainland Island (United Kingdom), 568 Mancarroncito Island (Nicaragua), 396 Maio (Cape Verde), 102 Manchester (Jamaica), 275 Maipo River (Chile), 113 Manchhar Lake (Pakistan), 413 M Maisan (Korea, Republic of), 298 Manchurian Plain (China), 115 Maack’s Shelter (Namibia), 378 Maiskhal (Bangladesh), 47 Mand River (Iran), 256 Maap (Micronesia), 359 Majé Mountains (Panama), 417 Mandai Hill (Singapore), 483

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 671 Geodata.book Page 672 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Mandara Mountains, 92, 93, 402 Luxembourg, 324 Maroni River, 195, 511 Mandeb Island (Yemen), 600 Mauritius, 352 Marquesas (France), 193 Manding Mountains (Mali), 340 Taiwan, 526 Marquis River (Saint Lucia), 462 Mandingue Plateau (Mali), 340 United Kingdom, 570 Marra Mountains (Sudan), 507 Mangin Range (Myanmar), 375 See also Commerce and industry Marshall Islands, 344–345, 345 Mangla Dam (Pakistan), 413 Manukau Harbor (New Zealand), 393 Marshlands. See Wetlands (Togo), 538 Manulu Lagoon (Kiribati), 293 Martinique, 192, 345–347, 346 (Madagascar), 329 Manus (Papua New Guinea), 422 Martinique Passage, 346 Mangroves Maoke Mountains (Indonesia), 249 Marysville Buttes (United States), 574 Bangladesh, 46, 47 Mao-Kebbi. See Mayo-Kebbi (Chad) (Israel), 267 Belize, 56 Maore. See Mayotte (France) Masai Steppe (Tanzania), 531 Brunei, 80–81 Mapocho River (Chile), 113 Masbate (The Philippines), 433, 434 Cayman Islands, 104 (Mozambique), 372 Mascarene Plateau (Mauritius), 350 Comoros, 127 Maquis. See Grasslands Mashkai River (Pakistan), 413 Costa Rica, 137 Mar da Palha (Portugal), 442 Mashona Hills (Zimbabwe), 609 Cuba, 146 Mar del Plata (Argentina), 26 Mapjrah Island (Oman), 409, 410 East Timor, 163 Maracá Island (Brazil), 76 Masqat (Oman), 410 El Salvador, 172 Maracaibo Lowlands (Venezuela), 589 Massachusetts (United States), 574 Fiji, 184 Maradu Bay (Malaysia), 336 Massawa Channel (Eritrea), 177 French Guiana, 195 Marajó Bay (Brazil), 76 Massif Central (France), 191 Gabon, 197 Marajó Island (Brazil), 76 Massif de la Hotte (Haiti), 230 Gambia, 198 Marano River (San Marino), 469 Massif de la Selle (Haiti), 230 Grenada, 216 Marañón River (Peru), 429, 430 Massif du Nord (Haiti), 230 Guadeloupe, 218 Maravia Highlands (Mozambique), 372 Masurian Lake District (Poland), 437 Guatemala, 221 Marcal River (Hungary), 236 Mat River (Albania), 6 Guinea, 224 Marche (Italy), 271 Matam (Senegal), 477 Guinea-Bissau, 226 Marchena Island (Galápagos), 165 Matanti (Micronesia), 358 India, 245, 247 Mardin Mountains (Turkey), 546 Mataura River (New Zealand), 393 Indonesia, 251, 252–253 Mare aux Vacoas (Mauritius), 351 Matavanu (Samoa), 466 Iran, 257 Mareb River, 177, 508 Matebian (East Timor), 162 Kenya, 291 Maremma (Italy), 271, 272 Matorral, 114 Liberia, 315 Margalla Hills (Pakistan), 412 Mat-Su Islands (Taiwan), 524–525 Madagascar, 329, 330 Margaret River (Australia), 34 (Switzerland), 518 Malaysia, 335 Margarita Island. See Isla Margarita Matthew Island (Vanuatu), 587 Micronesia, 359 (Venezuela) Mau Escarpment (Kenya), 289 Mozambique, 372, 373 Margherita Peak, 130, 556 Mauga Afi (Samoa), 466 Myanmar, 376 Margow Desert (Afghanistan), 4 Mauga Ali’ii (Samoa), 466 New Zealand, 393 Maria Islands (Saint Lucia), 462–463 Mauga Fito (Samoa), 466 Nigeria, 403 (United States), 578 Mauga Loa (Samoa), 466 Oman, 409 Maribor (Slovenia), 487–488 Mauga Mu (Samoa), 466 Pakistan, 413, 414 Marie-Galante (Guadeloupe), 218 Mauga-o-Savai’i (Samoa), 466 Palau, 415 Marienfluss River (Namibia), 379 Mauga Silisili (Samoa), 466 Panama, 418 Marine ecosystems Maui (United States), 577 Papua New Guinea, 422, 423 Colombia, 124 Maule River (Chile), 113 Samoa, 467 Great Barrier Reef, 33 Mauna Kea (United States), 574 Somalia, 491 Indonesia, 251 Mauna Loa (United States), 574, 577 Sri Lanka, 504 Mexico, 355 Mauritania, 347–350, 349 Venezuela, 593 Namibia, 379 Mauritius, 350, 350–352, 351t Manguéni Plateau (Niger), 399 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 461 Mavrovo National Park (Macedonia), 326 Mangyshlak Peninsula (Kazakhstan), 287 Marine mammals Mawson Peak (Australia), 32 Manila (The Philippines), 435 Argentina, 26 Maya Mountains (Belize), 56–57 Manila Bay (The Philippines), 435 Belize, 56 Mayaguana Island (The Bahamas), 42 Manindjau (Indonesia), 250 Saudi Arabia, 473 Mayaguana Passage (The Bahamas), 41–42 Maningory River (Madagascar), 329 Marine National Park (India), 246 Mayagüez Bay (Puerto Rico), 445 Maninjau Lake (Indonesia), 250 Marion Island (South Africa), 496 Mayan civilization, 221–222 Maninjau Plateau (Indonesia), 250 (France), 190 Mayo-Kebbi (Chad), 108, 109 Manitoba Lowland (Canada), 100 Maritime Flanders (Belgium), 53–54 Mayombé Escarpment, 13, 15, 133–134 Manitoulin Island (Canada), 99 Maritime Guinea. See Lower Guinea Mayotte (France), 127, 192 Mannar Island (Sri Lanka), 504 Maritsa River, 82, 83, 212, 548 Mayreau Island (Saint Vincent and the Mano River, 314, 481 Marker Lake. See Markermeer (The Grenadines), 464 Man-of-War Cays (Nicaragua), 396–397 Netherlands) Mayumbe Mountains (DROC), 130 Manono Island (Samoa), 466–467 Markermeer (The Netherlands), 388 Mazaruni River (Guyana), 228 Mansôa River (Guinea-Bissau), 225 (Papua New Guinea), 421, 422 Mazhur Desert (Saudi Arabia), 475 Mantaro River (Peru), 430 Marmagao (India), 245 Mbabane (Swaziland), 512–513 Manufacturing Marmara Denizi. See (Turkey) Mbala Highlands (Zambia), 605 Belarus, 51 Marne River (France), 191 Mbari River (Central African Republic), 105 Israel, 268 Marobo River (East Timor), 163 Mbeya Range (Tanzania), 531

672 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 673 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Mbini (Equatorial Guinea), 174–175 Mexicali Valley (Mexico), 355 Benin, 59 Mbini River (Equatorial Guinea), 175 Mexico, 352–357, 353, 356t, 357t Bermuda, 61 (Swaziland), 512–513 Mexico City (Mexico), 354, 357 Bolivia, 68 Mbuna (fish), 333 Meyungs (Palau), 416 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 70 McCarthy Inlet (Antarctica), 20 Mezzogiorno (Italy), 269 Botswana, 72 McCarthy Island (Gambia), 198 M’Goze Lagoon (Gabon), 197 Brazil, 78 McDonald Islands (Australia), 31, 34 (Sri Lanka), 504 Bulgaria, 84 M’Clintock Channel (Canada), 99 Miami (United States), 578 Burundi, 88 M’Clure Strait (Canada), 99 (Pakistan), 413 Cambodia, 91 McMahon Line, 242 Michigan (United States), 573 Cameroon, 95

McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica), 19 Mico Mountains (Guatemala), 220 Canada, 101 Index McMurdo Station (Antarctica), 21 Micronesia, Federated States of (FSM), 357– Central African Republic, 107 Mecca (Saudi Arabia), 472, 474 360, 358 Chad, 111 Mecklenburg Bay (Germany), 205 Midagahara (Japan), 277 Chile, 114 Mecsek Mountains (Hungary), 235 Middle American Trench, 172, 355 China, 121 Medicinal plants Mountains (Morocco), 369 Colombia, 125, 126 India, 248 Middle Caicos Island (Turks and Caicos Congo, Democratic Republic of, 132–133 Madagascar, 330 Islands), 552–553 Congo, Republic of, 135 Myanmar, 377 . See specific countries Côte d’Ivoire, 142 neem trees, 244 Middle Lowlands (Latvia), 309 Croatia, 144 Paraguay, 427 Middle Rockies (United States), 573 Cuba, 148 Medina (Saudi Arabia), 473 Middle Veld (South Africa), 494–495 Cyprus, 150 Mediterranean islands. See specific islands Middleveld (Zimbabwe), 609, 611 Czech Republic, 152 Medjerda River (Tunisia), 544 Midnight sun Denmark, 155 Medjerda Valley (Tunisia), 544–545 Finland, 188 Dominican Republic, 161 Meduse (ship), 349 Greenland, 215 East Timor, 163–164 (Bangladesh), 46 Norway, 407 Ecuador, 167 Mekong Delta (Vietnam), 594–597 Midu Island (Maldives), 338 Egypt, 170 Mekong River Midway Islands (United States), 577 Equatorial Guinea, 176 Cambodia, 89–90, 91 Migiurtinia Mountains (Somalia), 491 Eritrea, 178 China, 119 Mikeno (DROC), 130 Estonia, 180 Laos, 305, 306 Miladummadulu Atoll (Maldives), 338 Ethiopia, 183 Myanmar, 376 Milan (Italy), 272 Finland, 188 Thailand, 534–536 Mili Atoll (Marshall Islands), 344 French Guiana, 195 Melbourne (Australia), 35 Milindi (Kenya), 290 Gabon, 197 Melilla, 368, 499 Bath (Jamaica), 274 Georgia, 201–202 Melo (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Milne Bay (Papua New Guinea), 422 Germany, 206 Melo River (Paraguay), 426 Milwaukee Depth, 444 Ghana, 210 Melville Island (Australia), 34 Mjna’ ‘Abd Allah (Kuwait), 301 Greece, 214 Melville Island (Trinidad and Tobago). See St. Minahasa Peninsula (Indonesia), 252 Greenland, 216 Giles Island (Trinidad and Tobago) Minakami Canyon (Japan), 278 Guatemala, 222 Mende (Sierra Leone), 482 Mindanao (The Philippines), 432–436 Guinea, 224 Mendoza (Argentina), 24 Mindanao River (The Philippines), 434 Guinea-Bissau, 227 Menor Lagoon (Spain), 501 Mindor Strait, 434 Guyana, 229 Mentawi Islands (Indonesia), 252 Mindoro (The Philippines), 434, 436 Haiti, 232 Mere Island (French Guiana), 195 Mineral springs Honduras, 234 Mereb River (Eritrea), 177 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 69 Hungary, 238 Mergui Archipelago (Myanmar), 376 China, 117 India, 244, 247, 248 Merída (Venezuela), 591 Cuba, 146 Indonesia, 254 Mesa Central (Mexico), 354, 356 Czech Republic, 151 Iran, 258 Mesa del Norte (Mexico), 354 Georgia, 202 Ireland, 264 Mesaoria Plain (Cyprus), 148, 149 Hungary, 236 Israel, 268 Meseta Central (Costa Rica), 136–138 Macedonia, 326 Italy, 273 Meseta Central (Spain), 499–501 Mongolia, 364 Jamaica, 275 Mesopotamia, 259–261, 521, 523 Minerals Jordan, 283 Mesopotamia (Argentina), 24, 27 Afghanistan, 5 Kazakhstan, 286, 288 Mesopotamia Valley (Saint Vincent and the Albania, 7 Kenya, 292 Grenadines), 465 Algeria, 11 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, (Mozambique), 372 Andorra, 12 297 Messina (Italy), 269 Angola, 15 Korea, Republic of, 299 Messum Crater (Namibia), 378 Antarctica, 21–22 Kyrgyzstan, 304 Mesta River (Bulgaria), 83 Argentina, 27 Laos, 307 Meta River, 124, 591 Armenia, 29 Lebanon, 311 Metic Shoal Island, 539 Australia, 35 Liberia, 315 Metropolitan Area (Kuwait), 301 Austria, 39 Libya, 318 Métsovon pass (Greece), 212 Azerbaijan, 41 Lithuania, 322 Meuse River, 53, 191–192, 388 Belgium, 55 Luxembourg, 324

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 673 Geodata.book Page 674 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Macedonia, 326 Minerva Reefs (Tonga), 539 Moluccas Islands. See Maluku Islands Madagascar, 330 Mingäçevir Reservoir (Azerbaijan), 40 (Indonesia) Malawi, 333 Minho River, 442, 500 Mombasa (Kenya), 291 Malaysia, 336 Minicoy Island (India), 246 Momiji Canyon (Japan), 278 Mali, 342 Mining Mona Island (Puerto Rico), 444 Marshall Islands, 345 Australia, 35 Mona Passage, 160, 444 Mauritania, 349 Belize, 57 Monaco, 362, 362–363 Mexico, 357 Botswana, 72 Monaco-Ville, 362 Moldova, 361 Bulgaria, 84 Monday River (Paraguay), 426 Mongolia, 367 Indonesia, 254 Mondego River (Portugal), 442 Morocco, 370 Luxembourg, 323 Mondsee (Austria), 37 Mozambique, 374 Mexico, 357 Mongol Daguur (Mongolia), 365 Myanmar, 377 Saudi Arabia, 475 Mongolia, 363–367, 364, 366t Namibia, 381 Sierra Leone, 482 , 364 Nepal, 386 Slovenia, 488 Monkey Hill (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 461 New Zealand, 394 South Africa, 498 Monkey River (Belize), 56 Nicaragua, 398 Sri Lanka, 505 Monkeys, on Saint Kitts and Nevis, 461 Niger, 400 Sweden, 517 Mono River, 58, 537 Nigeria, 404 Tajikistan, 529 Monos Island (Trinidad and Tobago), 541 Norway, 408 Ukraine, 561 (Liberia), 315 Oman, 410 Uruguay, 583 Monsoons Pakistan, 414 Uzbekistan, 586 Afghanistan, 4 Panama, 420 Zambia, 608 Bangladesh, 47 Papua New Guinea, 421, 423 See also Minerals Bhutan, 63–64 Paraguay, 427 Minnesota (United States), 573, 575 Brunei, 81 Peru, 432 Miño River. See Minho River Cambodia, 90–91 The Philippines, 436 Miñorca Island (Spain), 500 Eritrea, 178 Poland, 440 Mirabello Gulf (Greece), 213 Guinea, 224 Portugal, 443 Miravalles volcano (Costa Rica), 136 Guinea-Bissau, 225 Romania, 451 Mirzachol Desert (Uzbekistan), 585 India, 246 Russia, 457 Misiones (Argentina), 24 Japan, 280 Rwanda, 459 (United States), 578 Laos, 306 Saudi Arabia, 475 Mississippi River (United States), 571, 574, 576, Madagascar, 329 Sierra Leone, 482 579–580 Malaysia, 336 Slovakia, 486 Missouri (United States), 573 Maldives, 337, 338 Slovenia, 486 Missouri Plateau (United States), 571 Nepal, 385 Solomon Islands, 490 Missouri River (United States), 574, 576 Oman, 410 Somalia, 494 Mistassini Lake (Canada), 97 Papua New Guinea, 423 South Africa, 498 Mitidja Plain (Algeria), 10 The Philippines, 434 Spain, 502 Mittelland Canal (Germany), 205 Russia, 456 Sri Lanka, 505 Mittleland (Switzerland), 517–521 Sri Lanka, 504 Sudan, 510 (DROC), 130 Taiwan, 526 Suriname, 512 Mitzpeh Shlagim (Israel), 266 Tanzania, 532 Swaziland, 514 Mizen Head (Ireland), 263 Mont Blanc, 190, 269 Sweden, 517 Mnjoli Reservoir (Swaziland), 514 Mont Celaque (Honduras), 233 Switzerland, 521 Mo Chhu. See Mo River (Bhutan) Mont D’Iberville (Canada), 97 Syria, 524 Mo River (Bhutan), 63 Mont Jacques-Cartier (Canada), 97 Taiwan, 526 Moa River (Sierra Leone), 481 Mont Ngaoui (Central African Republic), 105 Tajikistan, 529 Mobile Bay (United States), 578 Monte Blanco. See Mont Blanc Tanzania, 533 Moctezuma-Panuco River (Mexico), 354 Monte Carlo (Monaco), 362 Thailand, 536 Moen (Micronesia), 359 Monte Chime (Equatorial Guinea), 175 Togo, 538 Mogadishu (Somalia), 493 Monte Chocolate (Equatorial Guinea), 175 Tunisia, 545 Mogadouro Mountains (Portugal), 441 Monte Corno (Italy), 270 Turkey, 549 Moharloo Lake (Iran), 256 Monte Lindo River (Paraguay), 426 Turkmenistan, 552 Mohéli (Comoros), 127 Massif (Switzerland), 518 Uganda, 558 Desert (United States), 579 Montecristo National Park (El Salvador), 173 Ukraine, 561 Moka Range (Mauritius), 350 Montego Bay (Jamaica), 275 United Kingdom, 570 Mokil Islands (Micronesia), 358 Montenegro (Yugoslavia), 602–605 United States, 580–581 Moldau River. See Vltava River (Czech Montevideo (Uruguay), 582 Uruguay, 583 Republic) Montreaux (Switzerland), 519 Uzbekistan, 586 (Romania), 448 Monts des Ksour (Tunisia), 545 Venezuela, 593 Moldavian Carpathians (Romania), 448, 450 Montserrat (United Kingdom), 568 Vietnam, 597 Moldavian Plateau (Romania), 449 Moraca River (Yugoslavia), 602–604 Yemen, 601 Moldova, 360, 360–362, 361t Moraines Yugoslavia, 605 Môle-St.-Nicolas (Haiti), 230 Denmark, 153–154 Zambia, 608 Molokai (United States), 577 Finland, 186 Zimbabwe, 611 Molucca Sea. See Maluku Sea Latvia, 308

674 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 675 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Morant Cays (Jamaica), 275 Mt. Carrantuohil (Ireland), 262 Mt. Liamuiga. See Mt. Misery (Saint Kitts and (Jamaica), 274 Mt. Catherine (Egypt), 167 Nevis) Morava River, 152, 604 Mt. Chajrchan Uul (Mongolia), 364 Mt. Lofty (Australia), 32 (Czech Republic), 150–152 Mount Chirripó. See Chirripó Grande (Costa (Canada), 97 Moravian Karst (Czech Republic), 151 Rica) Mount Loma Mansa (Sierra Leone), 481 Moray Firth (Scotland), 569 Mount Cho Oyu (Nepal), 384 Mount Loolmalassin (Tanzania), 530 Morbha River, 551 Mt. Cook (New Zealand), 391 Mt. Maglic (Bosnia and Herzegovina), 69, 70 Morecambe Bay (England), 569 Mount Crozer. See Fenkol (Micronesia) Mount Makalu (Nepal), 384 Morelos Dam (Mexico), 355 Mt. Damamacrvand (Iran), 255 Mount Makarakomburu (Solomon Islands), Morghab River (Afghanistan), 3 Mt. Daravica (Yugoslavia), 602 489

Morne Anglais (Dominica), 157 Mount Debasien (Uganda), 556 Mount Marasabit (Kenya), 291 Index Morne au Diable (Dominica), 157 Mt. Dhírfis (Euboea), 212 Mt. Maromokotro (Madagascar), 327 Morne Brule (Dominica), 157 Mt. (Croatia), 142 Mount Maroum (Vanuatu), 587 Morne Couronne (Dominica), 157 Mount Ebramacrhimacrm (Iraq), 259 Mount Mayon (The Philippines), 433 Morne Diablotin (Dominica), 157 Mt. Elbert (United States), 573 Mount McKinley (United States), 573–574 Morne la Pierre (Haiti), 231 Mount El’brus (Russia), 453 Mount Mejo (Angola), 13 Morne Plat Pays (Dominica), 157 Mount Elgon (Uganda), 556, 558 Mount Melbourne (Antarctica), 19 Morne Seychellois (Seychelles), 478 Mt. Emlembe (Swaziland), 512 Mt. Meron (Israel), 266, 267 Morne Trois Pitons (Dominica), 157 Mount Erebus (Antarctica), 19 Mount Meru (Tanzania), 530 (The Philippines), 435 Mt. Etna (Italy), 271 Mt. Misery (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 460 Moro River (Sierra Leone), 481 Mount Everest, 116, 384 Mt. Mitchell (United States), 573 367–370, Morocco, 368, 370t Mt. Fako. See Mt. Cameroon Mount Moco (Angola), 13 Morona River (Ecuador), 165 Mt. Fsladj (Afghanistan), 2 Mt. Moldoveanu (Romania), 448 Morozan (El Salvador), 172 Mount Fogo (Cape Verde), 102 Mount Moroto (Uganda), 556 Morphou Bay (Cyprus), 149 (Japan), 276 Mount Morungole (Uganda), 556 Morro de Mejo. See Mount Mejo (Angola) Mount Fujiyama. See Mount Fuji (Japan) Mt. Mulanje (Malawi), 331, 332 Morro de Moco. See Mount Moco (Angola) Mt. Giluwe (Papua New Guinea), 420 (Malaysia), 334 Morro de Vavéle (Angola), 13 Mount Narodnaya (Russia), 453 Mt. Gimie (Saint Lucia), 462 Morro River (Liberia), 314 Mt. Neige (France), 190 Mount Godwin Austen. See K2 (Pakistan) Morrocoy National Park (Venezuela), 592 Mt. Nevis (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 460 Mt. Gréboun (Niger), 399 Mortlocks (Micronesia), 358 Mount Ngerchelchauus (Palau), 415 Mt. (Slovenia), 487 Moscow (Russia), 456 Mount Nimba, 139, 223 Mount Grosser (Germany), 204 Moselle River, 191–192, 204, 323 Mt. Nowshamacrk (Afghanistan), 2 Mount Haltia (Finland), 186 Moselle River Valley (Luxembourg), 323–324 Mount Ntlenyana (Lesotho), 312 Mt. Hamatah (Egypt), 167 Mosioa-Tunya. See Victoria Falls . See Ulu Dagbreve (Turkey) Mt. Heha (Burundi), 87 Moskitos Cays (Nicaragua), 396 Mt. Olympus (Cyprus), 149 Mt. Hermon (Lebanon), 310 Mosquito Coast, 233, 395, 397, 398 Mt. Olympus (Greece), 212 Mount Hermon (Syria), 521 Mosquito Gulf (Panama), 419 Mt. Órvilos (Greece), 212 Mt. Hillaby (Barbados), 48 Mossel Bay (South Africa), 496 Mount Oyama (Japan), 276 Mount Hombori Tondo (Mali), 340 Mosso plains (Burundi), 88 Mount Paektu. See Paektu-san (DPRK) Mount Hoverlya (Ukraine), 559 Mostar (Bosnia and Herzegovina), 70 Mt. Paget (United Kingdom), 568 Mosul (Iraq), 261 Mount Huyten. See Nayramadlïn Orgil Mt. Pagon (Brunei), 80 Mota Lava (Vanuatu), 587 (Mongolia) Mt. Parnassus (Greece), 212 Motagua River (Guatemala), 220–221 Mt. Iboundji (Gabon), 196 Mount Pelée (Martinique), 346 Moulouya River (Morocco), 369 Mt. Ida (Crete), 212 Mt. Pelukha (Russia), 453 Mount Afadjato (Ghana), 207 Mount Ijill (Mauritania), 347 Mt. Pietrosu (Romania), 448 Mt. Agou (Togo), 537 Mount Inyangani (Zimbabwe), 609 (The Philippines), 433 Mt. Alvernia (The Bahamas), 41 Mount Jackson (Antarctica), 19 Mount Pulog (The Philippines), 432–433 (The Philippines), 433 Mount Jamanota (Aruba), 30 Mt. Rao (Laos), 305 Mount Aragats (Armenia), 28 Mt. Kaçkar (Turkey), 546 Mount Rasdajan. See Ras Deshen (Ethiopia) Mount Ararat (Turkey), 546 Mt. Karisimbi (Rwanda), 458 Mount Raya (Indonesia), 249 Mount Aripo (Trinidad and Tobago), 541 Mt. Kartala. See Mt. Karthala (Comoros) Mt. Roman-Kosh (Ukraine), 559 Mount Ash-Shánabj (Tunisia), 543 Mt. Karthala (Comoros), 127 Mt. Roraima (Guyana), 227 Mount Ayribaba. See Gora Ayribaba (Georgia), 200 Mount Roraina (Venezuela), 590–591 (Turkmenistan) Mount Kékes (Hungary), 235 Mt. (Poland), 437 Mt. Azul (Galápagos Islands), 165 Mount Keli Mulu (Indonesia), 250 Mount Sabinio (Uganda), 556 Mount Balabrevenesti (Moldova), 360 , 288 Mount Sage (British Virgin Islands), 79 Mount Belasica (Macedonia), 325 Mount Kilimanjaro (Tanzania), 530, 532 Mount Saint Catherine (Grenada), 216 Mount Berlin (Antarctica), 19 (Malaysia), 334 Mt. Sajama (Bolivia), 66 Mount Berongou (Republic of the Congo), 134 Mount Kinyeti (Sudan), 507 Mt. Scenery (Netherlands Antilles), 390 Mount Bia (Laos), 305 Mount Kodprimeros (Hungary), 235 Mount Seychelles. See Morne Seychellois Mt. Binga (Mozambique), 371 Mt. Korabit (Albania), 6 (Seychelles) Mt. Botrange (Belgium), 52 Mt. Kosciusko (Australia), 32 Mt. Shahshah (Turkmenistan), 550 Mount Bounaceur (Morocco), 369 Mount Kwanmo. See Kwanmo-bon (DPRK) Mt. Shajyb al-Banamacrt (Egypt), 167 Mt. Bruce (Australia), 32 Mount La Selle (Haiti), 230 Mt. Shimbiris (Somalia), 491 Mt. Cameroon, 92 Mount Lawz (Saudi Arabia), 475 Mount Shkhara (Georgia), 200 Mount Carmel (Israel), 266 Mount Lhotse (Nepal), 384 Mount Sidley (Antarctica), 19

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 675 Geodata.book Page 676 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Mt. Snežka (Czech Republic), 150 Burundi, 87 Liberia, 314 Mt. Snowdon (Wales), 564, 566 Cambodia, 89 Libya, 316 Mount Spurr (United States), 577 Cameroon, 92 Liechtenstein, 318–319 Mt. Stol (Slovenia), 487 Canada, 96–97 Macedonia, 325 Mount Tabiwol (Micronesia), 358 Cape Verde, 102 Madagascar, 327–328 Mount Tabwemasana (Vanuatu), 587 Cayman Islands, 103–104 Malawi, 331 Mt. Tahan (Malaysia), 334 Central African Republic, 105 Malaysia, 334 Mt. Tahat (Algeria), 8 Chad, 108 Mali, 340 Mount Tamana (Trinidad and Tobago), 541 Chile, 112 Martinique, 346 Mt. Taranaki. See Egmont Peak (New Zealand) China, 115–116 Mauritius, 350–351 Mt. Tendre (Switzerland), 518 Colombia, 122–123 Mexico, 352, 353–354 Mt. Timfristós (Greece), 212 Comoros, 127 Micronesia, 358 Mt. Titano (San Marino), 469 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 129–130 Mongolia, 363–364 Mt. Tobaoi (Saint Vincent and the Congo, Republic of, 133–134 Morocco, 368–369 Grenadines), 464 Costa Rica, 136 Mozambique, 370–371 Mt. Tomaniivi (Fiji), 184 Côte d’Ivoire, 139 Myanmar, 375 Mount Totolom (Micronesia), 358 Croatia, 142 Namibia, 378–379 Mount Toubkal (Morocco), 369 Cuba, 145–146 Nepal, 383–384 Mt. (Slovenia), 487–488 Cyprus, 148–149 Netherlands Antilles, 390 Mt. Tsiafajavona (Madagascar), 327 Czech Republic, 150–151 New Zealand, 391 Mount Tukosmera (Vanuatu), 587 Djibouti, 156 Nicaragua, 395 Mount Tupungato (Chile), 112 Dominica, 157 Niger, 399 Mount Unzen (Japan), 276 Dominican Republic, 159 Nigeria, 402 Mt. Usborne (United Kingdom), 568 East Timor, 162 Norway, 405 Mount Usu (Japan), 276 Ecuador, 164–165, 166 Oman, 409 Mount Vaea (Samoa), 466 Egypt, 167 Pakistan, 411–412 Mount Vavéle. See Morro de Vavéle (Angola) El Salvador, 171–172 Palau, 415 Mt. Victoria (Myanmar), 375 Equatorial Guinea, 175 Panama, 417 Mt. Victoria (Papua New Guinea), 420 Eritrea, 176 Papua New Guinea, 420–421 Mt. Waialeale (United States), 579 Ethiopia, 181–182 Paraguay, 424 Mt. Whitney (United States), 574 Fiji, 184 Peru, 428 Mt. Wilhelm (Papua New Guinea), 420 Finland, 186 The Philippines, 432–433 Mt. Wutivi (Liberia), 314 France, 189–190 Poland, 437 Mount Yibir (United Arab Emirates), 562 French Guiana, 195 Portugal, 441 Mount Zulia (Uganda), 556 Gabon, 196 Puerto Rico, 444 Mountain Heights Plateau. See Eastern Heights Georgia, 200 Romania, 448–449 Plateau (Jordan) Germany, 202–203 Russia, 453 Mountain Pine Ridge plateau (Belize), 56 Ghana, 207 Rwanda, 458 Mountain Region (Nepal), 382, 383–384 Greece, 211, 212 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 460 Mountains Greenland, 215 Saint Lucia, 462 Afghanistan, 2–3 Grenada, 216 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 464 Albania, 5–6 Guatemala, 219, 220 Samoa, 466 Algeria, 8 Guinea, 223 San Marino, 469 Andorra, 11–12 Guyana, 227 São Tomé and Príncipe, 470 Angola, 13 Haiti, 229–230 Saudi Arabia, 472 Anguilla, 16 Honduras, 232–233 Seychelles, 478 Antarctica, 18–19 Hungary, 235 Sierra Leone, 480 Antigua, 22 Iceland, 239 Slovakia, 484–485 Argentina, 24–25 India, 242–244 Slovenia, 487 Armenia, 28 Indonesia, 249 Solomon Islands, 489 Australia, 31–32 Iran, 255 Somalia, 491 Austria, 36 Iraq, 259 South Africa, 494–495 Azerbaijan, 39, 40 Ireland, 262 Spain, 499–500 Bahrain, 43 Israel, 266 Sri Lanka, 502–503 Bangladesh, 45 Italy, 269–271 Sudan, 506–507 Barbados, 48 Jamaica, 274 Suriname, 510 Belarus, 50 Japan, 276–277 Sweden, 514 Belgium, 52 Jordan, 282 Switzerland, 518–521 Belize, 55, 56 Kazakhstan, 284–285 Syria, 521–522 Benin, 58 Kenya, 288–290 Taiwan, 525 Bermuda, 60 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, Tajikistan, 527–528 Bhutan, 62 295 Tanzania, 531 Bolivia, 65–66 Korea, Republic of, 297–298 Thailand, 533–534 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 69 Kyrgyzstan, 302–303 Togo, 538 Brazil, 74 Laos, 305 Tonga, 539 British Virgin Islands, 79 Lebanon, 310 Trinidad and Tobago, 541 Bulgaria, 82 Lesotho, 312 Tunisia, 543–544

676 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 677 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Turkey, 546 (Bulgaria), 82 Nariva Swamp (Trinidad and Tobago), 541 Turkmenistan, 550 , 408, 411 Narke (Sweden), 516 Uganda, 556 Musashino Plateau (Japan), 277 (India), 245 Ukraine, 559 Musgrave Range (Australia), 32 The Narrows (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 461 United Arab Emirates, 562 Musi River (Indonesia), 251 Narva River (Estonia), 179 United Kingdom, 566 Mussau (Papua New Guinea), 422 Naryn River (Kyrgyzstan), 303 United States, 573–574 Mustang (Nepal), 384 Nassau (The Bahamas), 41, 42 Uzbekistan, 584 Mustique Island (Saint Vincent and the Nata River, 610 Vanuatu, 587 Grenadines), 464 National Area (Laos), 306 Venezuela, 590 Muthurajawela Marsh (Sri Lanka), 504 National parks

Vietnam, 594 Muzizi River (Uganda), 557 Angola, 13 Index Virgin Islands, 598 Mwali. See Mohéli (Comoros) Argentina, 24, 27 Yemen, 599 Myanmar, 374–377, 375, 377t Bosnia and Herzegovina, 70 Yugoslavia, 602 Myar (Iceland), 238 Canada, 97, 98 Zambia, 606 Myohyang Range (DPRK), 295 Chile, 113 Zimbabwe, 609 Mýrdalsjökull (Iceland), 240 Côte d’Ivoire, 141 Mountains of the Moon. See Ruwenzori Mývatn-Laxa Lake (Iceland), 240 Croatia, 143–144 Mountains (Uganda) M’zab (Algeria), 10 Denmark, 155 Mourne Mountains (Northern Ireland), 565– Dominican Republic, 160 566 Ecuador, 167 N Moussa Ali (Djibouti), 156 El Salvador, 172, 173 Moy River (Ireland), 263 Naayband Bay (Iran), 257 Germany, 205 Moyowosi Game Reserve (Tanzania), 531 Nabih Salih (Bahrain), 43–44 Guatemala, 221 Mozambique, 370–374, 371, 374t Nabu Yunis (Syria), 521 India, 245, 246, 247 Mozambique Channel, 329, 372 Nacaome River (Honduras), 233 Indonesia, 251 Mozambique Plateau, 372 Nadi River (Fiji), 184 Iran, 258 Mpongo River (Uganda), 557 Nafssah Plateau (Libya), 316 Ireland, 263 Mt. See Mount Nagorno-Karabakh region (Azerbaijan), 39 Italy, 271 (China), 120 Nagoya Bay. See Ise Bay (Japan) Japan, 277, 278, 280 Muchinga Mountains (Zambia), 605–606 Nahr al Khabsr. See Khabsr River Kenya, 290, 291, 292 Mudslides. See Landslides Nairobi (Kenya), 291 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, Mudug Plain (Somalia), 491 Nakai Plateau (Laos), 305–306, 306 295 Mufulwe Hills (Zambia), 608 Naktong River (Korea, Republic of), 298 Macedonia, 326 Mufumbiro Range, 556 Nal River (Pakistan), 413 Malawi, 333 Muhavura (Uganda), 556 Nam Ha National Protected Area (Laos), 306 Malaysia, 334 Mühlviertel (Austria), 37 Nam Phoun (Laos), 306 Mali, 342 Muhu Island (Estonia), 180 Nam Theun II dam project (Laos), 305 Mauritania, 348 Mui Bai Bung (Vietnam), 596–597 Namak Lake (Iran), 256 Mongolia, 364, 365 Mujeres (Mexico), 355 Namakzar-e Shahdad (Iran), 258 Mozambique, 373 Mulaku Atoll (Maldives), 338 Namib Desert, 15, 377, 380, 497 Namibia, 380 . See Mulanje Mountains Namibia, 377–381, 378, 380t Nepal, 384, 385 (Malawi) Namja Pass (Nepal), 384 The Netherlands, 388 Mulanje Mountains (Malawi), 331 Namorik Atoll (Marshall Islands), 344 Nicaragua, 396 Mulanje Plateau. See Mulanje Mountains Namp’o (DPRK), 296 Pakistan, 413, 414 (Malawi) Namtu River (Myanmar), 375 Panama, 418, 419 Mulhacén (Spain), 500 Namuli Highlands. See The Philippines, 433, 434 Mulifanua (Samoa), 467 Namwunweito (Micronesia), 358 Slovakia, 485 Mull (United Kingdom), 566, 568 Nan Heng Shan (China), 117 Slovenia, 488 Mull of Galloway (United Kingdom), 569 Nan River (Thailand), 534 Sri Lanka, 503–504 Muller Mountains (Indonesia), 249 Nanda Devi (India), 242 Sudan, 508 Müllerthal (Luxembourg), 324 Nang River (Vietnam), 595 Thailand, 534, 535–536 Mulu (Malaysia), 334 Nanga Parbat (Pakistan), 411 Turkey, 548, 549 Muluya River. See Moulouya River (Morocco) Nangbeto Dam (Benin), 59 United Kingdom, 566, 569 Mumbai (India), 242, 245, 248 Nangnim Range (DPRK), 295 United States, 573–575 Mun River (Thailand), 534 Nangpa (Nepal), 384 Uruguay, 582 Muonio River (Finland), 187 Nanortalik (Greenland), 215 Venezuela, 592–593 Mur River (Austria), 37 Nanpo Chain (Japan), 279 Vietnam, 597 Mura River, 143, 236, 488 Nantes-Brest Canal (France), 192 Virgin Islands, 598–599 Muragarazi River. See Malagarasi River Nanuku Passage (Fiji), 185 Yugoslavia, 605 Murep River (Romania), 449 Nanumanga Island (Tuvalu), 554 Zambia, 605 Murmansk (Russia), 455 Nanumea Island (Tuvalu), 554 NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organization Murray-Darling River (Australia), 33 Napo River, 165, 430 Natu La (India), 243 Murray River (Australia), 33 Nara (Japan), 279 Natural gas Murrumbidgee River (Australia), 33 Nara Lagna (Nepal), 384 Afghanistan, 5 Muruk Lakes (Papua New Guinea), 421 Narayani River (Nepal), 385 Algeria, 11 Mürz River (Austria), 37 Nari (East Timor), 162 Azerbaijan, 41 Mus (Turkey), 549 Nariva Plain (Trinidad and Tobago), 542 Bangladesh, 48

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 677 Geodata.book Page 678 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Barbados, 49 Cameroon, 95 Kuwait, 301 Belarus, 51 Canada, 101 Kyrgyzstan, 304 Bolivia, 68 Cape Verde, 103 Laos, 307 Canada, 101 Cayman Islands, 104 Latvia, 309 Colombia, 126 Central African Republic, 107 Lebanon, 311 Eritrea, 178 Chad, 111 Lesotho, 313 Indonesia, 254 Chile, 114 Liberia, 315 Ireland, 264 China, 121 Libya, 318 Kazakhstan, 288 Colombia, 126 Liechtenstein, 319 Kuwait, 301 Comoros, 128 Lithuania, 322 Libya, 318 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 132–133 Luxembourg, 324 Malaysia, 336 Congo, Republic of, 135 Macedonia, 326 Myanmar, 377 Costa Rica, 138 Madagascar, 330 The Netherlands, 389 Côte d’Ivoire, 142 Malawi, 333 New Zealand, 394 Croatia, 144 Malaysia, 336 Nigeria, 403, 404 Cuba, 148 Maldives, 339 Norway, 408 Cyprus, 150 Mali, 342 Oman, 410 Czech Republic, 152 Malta, 343–344 Pakistan, 413, 414 Denmark, 155 Marshall Islands, 345 Papua New Guinea, 423 Djibouti, 157 Martinique, 347 Qatar, 447 Dominica, 158 Mauritania, 349 Russia, 455, 457 Dominican Republic, 161 Mauritius, 352 Saudi Arabia, 475 East Timor, 163–164 Mexico, 357 Syria, 521, 524 Ecuador, 167 Micronesia, 359 Tanzania, 533 Egypt, 170 Moldova, 361–362 Thailand, 536 El Salvador, 174 Monaco, 363 Trinidad and Tobago, 542 Equatorial Guinea, 176 Mongolia, 367 Turkmenistan, 552 Eritrea, 178 Morocco, 370 Ukraine, 561–562 Estonia, 180 Mozambique, 374 United Arab Emirates, 563–564 Ethiopia, 183 Myanmar, 377 United States, 580 Fiji, 185 Namibia, 381 Uzbekistan, 586 Finland, 188 Nauru, 382 Vietnam, 597 France, 194 Nepal, 386 Natural resources French Guiana, 195 The Netherlands, 389 Afghanistan, 5 Gabon, 197 Netherlands Antilles, 390 Albania, 7 Gambia, 199 New Zealand, 394 Algeria, 11 Georgia, 201–202 Nicaragua, 398 Andorra, 12 Germany, 206 Niger, 400 Angola, 15 Ghana, 210 Nigeria, 404 Anguilla, 17 Greece, 214 Norway, 408 Antarctica, 21–22 Greenland, 216 Oman, 410–411 Antigua, 23 Grenada, 217 Pakistan, 414–415 Argentina, 27 Guadeloupe, 219 Palau, 416 Armenia, 29 Guatemala, 222 Panama, 420 Australia, 35 Guinea, 224 Papua New Guinea, 423 Austria, 39 Guinea-Bissau, 227 Paraguay, 427 Azerbaijan, 41 Guyana, 229 Peru, 432 The Bahamas, 42 Haiti, 232 The Philippines, 436 Bahrain, 44 Honduras, 234 Poland, 440 Bangladesh, 48 Hungary, 238 Portugal, 443 Barbados, 49 Iceland, 241 Puerto Rico, 445 Barbuda, 23 India, 248 Qatar, 447 Belarus, 51 Indonesia, 254 Redonda, 23 Belgium, 54–55 Iran, 258 Romania, 451 Belize, 57 Iraq, 261 Russia, 457 Benin, 59 Ireland, 264–265 Rwanda, 459 Bermuda, 61 Israel, 268 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 462 Bhutan, 64 Italy, 273 Saint Lucia, 463–464 Bolivia, 68 Jamaica, 275 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 465 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 70 Japan, 281 Samoa, 468 Botswana, 72 Jordan, 283 San Marino, 469 Brazil, 78 Kazakhstan, 288 São Tomé and Príncipe, 471 Brunei, 81 Kenya, 292 Saudi Arabia, 475 Bulgaria, 84 Kiribati, 294 Senegal, 478 Burkina Faso, 86 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, Seychelles, 480 Burundi, 88 297 Sierra Leone, 482 Cambodia, 91 Korea, Republic of, 299 Singapore, 484

678 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 679 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Slovakia, 486 Papua New Guinea, 422 Nevado Huascarán (Peru), 428 Slovenia, 488 Peru, 430 Nevado Mismi (Peru), 429–430 Solomon Islands, 490 The Philippines, 434 Nevis Peak. See Mt. Nevis (Saint Kitts and Somalia, 494 Puerto Rico, 445 Nevis) South Africa, 498 Singapore, 484 New Amsterdam (Guyana), 228 Spain, 502 Suriname, 511 New Britain (Papua New Guinea), 421, 422 Sri Lanka, 505 Swaziland, 512–513 New Caldonia (France), 192–193 Sudan, 510 Tanzania, 531 (United States), 571, 574, 578 Suriname, 510–512 Thailand, 535 New Forest (England), 570 Swaziland, 513–514 United Kingdom, 567 New Georgia Island (Solomon Islands), 489–

Sweden, 517 United States, 575 490 Index Switzerland, 520–521 Venezuela, 592 New Guinea, 248, 252, 420–423 Syria, 524 Vietnam, 597 New Hampshire (United States), 574 Taiwan, 526 Naujan Lake National Park (The Philippines), New Hanover (Papua New Guinea), 422 Tanzania, 533 434 New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), 422 Thailand, 536 Nauru, 381, 381–382, 382t New Providence (The Bahamas), 41, 42 Togo, 538 Nausori Highlands (Fiji), 184 (Russia), 455 Tonga, 540 Navassa Island, 231 New York Bay (United States), 578 Trinidad and Tobago, 542–543 Navet River (Trinidad and Tobago), 541 (United States), 576, 578, 580 Tunisia, 545 Naxçivan (Azerbaijan), 39 New York State (United States), 574, 576 Turkey, 549 Nayramadlïn Orgil (Mongolia), 363–364 New Zealand, 390–395, 392, 394t Turkmenistan, 552 Nazca lines (Peru), 430 Newfoundland (Canada), 99 Turks and Caicos Islands, 553 Nazca Tectonic Plate Neyriz Lakes (Iran), 257 Tuvalu, 555 Panama, 417 Ngamiland (Botswana), 71 Uganda, 558 Peru, 428 Ngatik Islands (Micronesia), 358 Ukraine, 561–562 N’Djamena (Chad), 108, 110 Ngazidja. See Grand Comore (Comoros) United Arab Emirates, 563–564 Ndogo Lagoon (Gabon), 197 Ngoma Mountains (DROC), 130 United Kingdom, 570 Ndole Bay (Zambia), 607 Ngonye Falls (Zambia), 607 United States, 580–581 Ndreketí River (Fiji), 184 Ngorongoro Crater (Tanzania), 530 Uruguay, 583 Near Islands (United States), 577 Ngounié River (Gabon), 196 Uzbekistan, 586 Nebrodi Range (Italy), 270–271 Ngum reservoir (Laos), 306 Vanuatu, 588 Neckar River (Germany), 204 Ngum River (Laos), 306 Venezuela, 593 Neder Rijn (The Netherlands), 388 Ngumi Island (Somalia), 492 Vietnam, 597 Neem trees, 244 Nguru Mountains (Tanzania), 531 Virgin Islands, 598–599 Ñeembucú Plain (Paraguay), 426, 427 Ngwavuma River (Swaziland), 512 Yemen, 601 Nefta (Tunisia), 545 (Malaysia), 334 Yugoslavia, 605 Desert (Israel), 266, 267–268 Niamey (Niger), 400 Zambia, 608 Negombo (Sri Lanka), 504 Niari River (Republic of the Congo), 134 Zimbabwe, 611 , 26, 74, 426, 591 Niari Valley (Republic of the Congo), 135 Nature reserves Negros (The Philippines), 433, 434, 435 Niassa (Mozambique), 371–372 Belarus, 51 Nei Mongol Plateau (China), 117 Nicaragua, 395–398, 397 Cayman Islands, 104 Neiba Bay. See Bay of Neiba (Dominican Nickerie River (Suriname), 511 Central African Republic, 106 Republic) (India), 246 Denmark, 154 Neiba Valley (Dominican Republic), 232 Nidže Mountains (Macedonia), 325 Ecuador, 165 Neisse River. See Nysa River (Poland) Niedere Tauern (Austria), 36 El Salvador, 173–174 Nejd Plateau (Saudi Arabia), 472 Niger, 398–400, 399 Gabon, 197 Nelson-Saskatchewan River (Canada), 98 (Nigeria), 401–403 India, 246 Neman Lowland (Belarus), 50 Niger Plains (Benin), 58 Indonesia, 250, 251 Neman River, 51, 320 , 58, 223–224, 339, 341, 399, 402– Israel, 267 Nemegt Canyon (Mongolia), 364 403 Italy, 271 Nemunas River. See Neman River Nigeria, 400–404, 401, 404t Japan, 278, 280 Nendo Island (Solomon Islands), 489 Nightingale Islands (United Kingdom), 568 Kazakhstan, 284 Nepal, 382–386, 383, 386t Nihon Daira (Japan), 277 Kenya, 291 Nepen Diakha (Senegal), 476 Niihau (United States), 577 Laos, 305–306 Neretva River, 69, 143 Nikopol (Ukraine), 561 Lithuania, 321 Neris River (Lithuania), 320 Nilandu Atoll (Maldives), 338 Luxembourg, 323 Nernier (Switzerland), 519 Nile River, 169, 506–509 Madagascar, 328 Néstos River (Greece), 212 Nile Valley (Egypt), 167–170 Mauritania, 348 The Netherlands, 386–389, 387 Nimba Mountains (Guinea), 223 Mauritius, 351 Netherlands Antilles, 29–31, 389–390, 390 Nimba Range (Liberia), 314 Mongolia, 363, 365 Nettilling Lake (Canada), 97 Nissan River (Sweden), 515 Namibia, 379 Neuquén River (Argentina), 26 Nissum (Denmark), 154 Nepal, 385 Neuschwanstein (Germany), 202 Nistru River. See Dniester River Nicaragua, 396, 397–398 Neusiedler Lake, 37, 38, 235 Nitra River (Slovakia), 485 Oman, 409 Neusiedler See. See Neusiedler Lake Niua Island Group (Tonga), 538 Pakistan, 413 Nevada Yerupajá (Peru), 428 Niuafo’ Island (Tonga), 539 Panama, 418, 419 Nevado del Huila (Colombia), 122 Niuatoputapu Island (Tonga), 539–540

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Index

Niue Island, 394 North-East Island, 406 O Niulakita Island (Tuvalu), 554 Northern Alpine Forelands (Austria), 37 Oahu (United States), 577 Niuto Island (Tuvalu), 554 Northern Arabian Desert. See Oas Mountains (Romania), 448 Nizhniy Novgorod (Russia), 454 Northern High Plains (Nigeria), 402 Oases Nizke Tatry. See Low Tatras Mountains Northern Highlands (Jordan), 282 Algeria, 8 (Slovakia) Northern Highlands (Tanzania), 530 Egypt, 169–170 Njesuthi Mountains (South Africa), 494–495 Northern Highlands (United Kingdom), 567 Iran, 258 Nkamba Bay (Zambia), 607 Northern Highlands (Vietnam), 594 Jordan, 282 Nkomi Lagoon (Gabon), 197 Northern Ireland (United Kingdom), 262, 564– Kuwait, 300 Nobi Plain (Japan), 280 569 Libya, 318 Nógrádi River (Hungary), 236 Northern Mountains (Venezuela), 589–591 Mali, 339, 342 Nogueira Mountains (Portugal), 441 Northern Plain (Haiti), 231 Mauritania, 349 Noires Mountains (Haiti), 230 Northern Plainlands Region (Kenya), 291 Niger, 400 Nong Bong Kai (Thailand), 535 Northern Plains (Afghanistan), 1, 4 Oases of al-Liwa’ (United Arab Emirates), 563 Nong Khai (Thailand), 535 Northern Range (Trinidad and Tobago), 541– Oaxaca (Mexico), 354 Norak (Tajikistan), 528 542 Ob Luang Gorge (Thailand), 534 Norak Reservoir (Tajikistan), 528 Northern Rockies (United States), 573, 576 Ob’ River (Russia), 454 Nord Norge. See North Norway Northern Sporades Islands (Greece), 213 Oban Hills (Nigeria), 403 Nordkap. See North Cape (Norway) (Australia), 31 Oboke Gorge (Japan), 278 Nord-Ostsee Canal (Germany), 205 Northern uplands (DROC), 129 Obudu Uplands (Nigeria), 403 Norfolk Island (Australia), 31, 34 Northern Uplands (Paraguay), 424, 427 Occidental Mountains (Cuba), 145 Norgay, Tenzing, 384 Northland (New Zealand), 393 Occidental Paraguay. See Western Paraguay Noric Alps (Austria), 36 Northwestern Highlands. See Ethiopian Plateau Occupied territories, Israel, 266, 268 Norrland (Sweden), 514–517 404–408, Norway, 406, 407t Ocean Island. See Banaba Island (Kiribati) Norte Chico (Chile), 112–113 Norwegian Bay (Canada), 99 Oceans and seas Norte Grande (Chile), 112 Norwegian Plateau, 405 Albania, 6 North Albanian Alps, 5–6, 602 Norwegian Sea, 405 Australia, 33 North American Tectonic Plate Nossob River (Namibia), 379 Brunei, 80 Bermuda, 60 Nosy Be (Madagascar), 329 Canada, 96 Bulgaria, 83 Nosy Boraha (Madagascar), 329 Cuba, 145 Canada, 99 Nosy Mitsio (Madagascar), 329 El Salvador, 171 Cayman Islands, 104 Noto Peninsula (Japan), 279 Greenland, 214 China, 119 Nouadhibou (Mauritania), 348 Japan, 276 Colombia, 124 Nouakchott (Mauritania), 348 Martinique, 346 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 131 Novaya Zemlya (Russia), 455, 456 Mexico, 352 Côte d’Ivoire, 140 Novosibirsk (Russia), 457 Puerto Rico, 444 Croatia, 143 Novosibirsk Reservoir (Russia), 454 Russia, 453 Cuba, 146 Nsumbu National Park (Zambia), 607 Turks and Caicos Islands, 552 Cyprus, 149 Ntem River (Equatorial Guinea), 175 United States, 573 Denmark, 154 River (China), 119 North Atlantic Drift, 241 Dominica, 158 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), (Sudan), 507 Dominican Republic, 160 52 Nubia, 508 East Timor, 163 North Caicos Island (Turks and Caicos , 509 Ecuador, 165 Islands), 552–553 Nuclear power, 194 Egypt, 169 North Cape (New Zealand), 393 Nuclear weapons testing, 345, 382 El Salvador, 172 North Cape (Norway), 407 Nufen Pass (Switzerland), 519 Equatorial Guinea, 175 North Carolina (United States), 576 Nugaaleed River (Somalia), 491 Eritrea, 177 North Channel (Ireland), 263 Nui Island (Tuvalu), 554 Estonia, 179 (China), 120 Nukufetau Island (Tuvalu), 554 Fiji, 185 North Downs (England), 566 Nukulailai Island (Tuvalu), 554 Finland, 187–188 North Friar’s Bay (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 461 Nukuoro Islands (Micronesia), 358 France, 192 North Frigate Bay (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 461 (Australia), 33 French Guiana, 195 North Frisian Islands (Germany), 205 River (Nigeria), 403 Gabon, 197 North Hatia (Bangladesh), 47 Nur Mountains (Turkey), 546 Gambia, 198 North Island (New Zealand), 391–394 Nurek. See Norak (Tajikistan) Georgia, 201 North Korea. See Korea, Democratic People’s Nusa Tenggara (Indonesia), 248, 249, 250, 252 Germany, 205 Republic of Nuuk (Greenland), 215 Ghana, 208 North Malosmadulu Atoll (Maldives), 338 Nyabarongo River (Rwanda), 459 Greece, 210, 212 North Mariana Islands (United States), 571 Nyamulagira (DROC), 130 Greenland, 215 North Norway, 405 Nyasa. See Lake Malawi Grenada, 217 North Point (Barbados), 49 Nyika Plateau (Malawi), 331 Guadeloupe, 218 North Saskatchewan River (Canada), 98 Nyiragongo (DROC), 130 Guinea, 224 North Sea Canal (The Netherlands), 388 (Cameroon), 94 Guinea-Bissau, 225 North Sound (Cayman Islands), 104 Nysa River (Poland), 438 Guyana, 228 North Taranaki Bight (New Zealand), 393 Nzoia River (Kenya), 290 Haiti, 231 North Uist (United Kingdom), 568 Nzwani. See Anjouan (Comoros) Honduras, 233

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Index

Iceland, 240 Syria, 523 (Madagascar), 329 India, 245 Taiwan, 525 River (Mongolia), 365 Indonesia, 251 Tanzania, 531 Ontong Java Island (Solomon Islands), 489 Iran, 257 Thailand, 535 Ontong Java Plateau (Papua New Guinea), 422 Ireland, 263 Tonga, 539 Onyx River (Antarctica), 19 Israel, 267 Trinidad and Tobago, 541 Oobako Canyon (Japan), 278 Italy, 271–272 Turkey, 548 Oosterschelde (The Netherlands), 388–389 Jamaica, 274–275 Turks and Caicos Islands, 552–553 OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Japan, 278–279 United Arab Emirates, 563 Countries), 197 Jordan, 283 United Kingdom, 567 Öraefajökull (Iceland), 239

Kazakhstan, 286–287 United States, 576–577 , 312, 379, 496 Index Kenya, 290 Vanuatu, 587 Orango (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Kiribati, 293 Venezuela, 592 Orangozinho (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, Vietnam, 595 Oranje Mountains (Suriname), 510 296 Yem en, 600 Orchid Island. See Lan-Yü Island (Taiwan) Korea, Republic of, 298 Ocho Rios (Jamaica), 275 Ord River Dam (Australia), 33 Kuwait, 300 Oder River, 151–152, 204, 437–438 . See Mu Us Desert (China) Latvia, 308–309 Odessa (Ukraine), 560 Ore Mountains, 151, 204 Lebanon, 311 Odra River. See Oder River Oregon (United States), 574 Liberia, 315 Odyssey (Homer), 212, 269 Oregon Coast Range (United States), 574 Libya, 316 Oecussi (East Timor), 162, 163 Øresund Bridge, 154 Madagascar, 329 Oelemari River (Suriname), 511 Øresundbron. See Øresund Bridge Malaysia, 335 Oesling (Luxembourg), 323, 324 Oreti River (New Zealand), 393 Maldives, 337–338 Ofu Island (United States), 578 Organ Pipes (Namibia), 379 Malta, 343 Ogaden plain (Ethiopia), 183 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Marshall Islands, 344 Ogasawara Islands. See Bonin Islands (Japan) Countries (OPEC), 197 Martinique, 346 Ogii Nuur Lake (Mongolia), 365 Orhon River (Mongolia), 365 Mauritania, 348 Ogo Plateau (Somalia), 491 Oriental Mountains (Cuba), 145 Mauritius, 351 Ogooué River, 134, 196 Oriental Paraguay. See Eastern Paraguay Mexico, 355–356 Ohio (United States), 574 Orinoco Delta (Venezuela), 592–593 Monaco, 362 Ohio River (United States), 576, 580 Orinoco Lowlands (Venezuela), 589 Morocco, 369 Ohre River (Czech Republic), 152 Orinoco River, 124, 591–593 Mozambique, 372 Ohridsko . See Lake Ohrid Oriomo Plateau (Papua New Guinea), 421 Myanmar, 376 Oil. See Petroleum Orkney Islands (United Kingdom), 566–568 Namibia, 379 Oise River (France), 191 Ormara Turtle Beaches (Pakistan), 413 The Netherlands, 388 Ojos del Salado (Chile), 112 Örnsköldsvik (Sweden), 516 Netherlands Antilles, 390 (Papua New Guinea), 421, 422 Oro Bay (Papua New Guinea), 422 New Zealand, 393 (Papua New Guinea), 422 (Mongolia), 365 Nicaragua, 396 Okavango Delta (Botswana), 72 Orontes River, 310, 521–523 Nigeria, 403 Okavango River, 13, 72, 379 Oropuche Lagoon (Trinidad and Tobago), 541 Norway, 405 Okavango Swamps (Botswana), 71 Ortoire River (Trinidad and Tobago), 541 Oman, 409 Okefenokee Swamp (United States), 576 Osaka (Japan), 279 Pakistan, 413 Oki Island (Japan), 279 Osh (Kyrgyzstan), 304 Panama, 418–419 Okinawa (Japan), 279 Oshigambo River (Namibia), 379 Papua New Guinea, 422 Oklahoma (United States), 573 Oshima Peninsula (Japan), 279 Peru, 430 Oksfjordjokel (Norway), 405 Oslo (Norway), 407 The Philippines, 434 Öland Island (Sweden), 514, 516 Oslo Fjord (Norway), 407 Poland, 438–439 Olango Island Wildlife Sanctuary (The Öster Gotland (Sweden), 516 Portugal, 442 Philippines), 434 Ostero Island (Denmark), 154 Puerto Rico, 444 Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania), 530 Ostlandet. See East Country (Norway) Qatar, 446 Oléron Island (France), 192 Osu˘m River (Bulgaria), 82 Romania, 450 Ölfusá River (Iceland), 240 Otago (New Zealand), 391, 394 Russia, 455 Olosega Island (United States), 578 Otavi Mountains (Namibia), 378 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 460–461 Olt River (Romania), 449 Otepää Uplands (Estonia), 179 Saint Lucia, 462–463 Oltenia (Romania), 448 Otgon Tenger (Mongolia), 364 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 464 Olympia Mountains (United States), 579 (Togo), 537 São Tomé and Príncipe, 471 Olympic Mountains (United States), 574, 579 Otra River (Norway), 405 Senegal, 476–477 Oman, 408–411, 409, 410t Ottawa River (Canada), 98 Seychelles, 478 Omaruru (Namibia), 379 Otuquis Swamp (Bolivia), 67 Sierra Leone, 481 Omatako River (Namibia), 379 Ötztal Alps (Austria), 36 Singapore, 483 Ombrone River (Italy), 271 Lu Mountains (Japan), 276 Somalia, 492 Ometepe Island (Nicaragua), 396 (Laos), 306 South Africa, 496 Omo River (Ethiopia), 182 Ouachita Mountains (United States), 573 Spain, 500 Omsk (Russia), 457 Ouaka River (Central African Republic), 105 Sri Lanka, 504 “On the Beautiful Blue Danube” (Straus), 36 Ouatchi Plateau (Togo), 537 Sudan, 508 One and a Half Degree Channel (Maldives), Oubangui River. See Sweden, 516 337, 338 Ouémé River (Benin), 58

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Index

Ouessand Island (France), 192 Palancar Reef (Mexico), 355 Pärnu River (Estonia), 179 Ouham River (Central African Republic), 105 Palau, 415, 415–417, 416t . See Paro River (Bhutan) Ouidah Lagood (Benin), 58 Palau Batu Putih, 335 Paro River (Bhutan), 63 Ouled Nail Mountains (Algeria), 8 Palawan (The Philippines), 434, 436 Parrot Cay Island (Turks and Caicos Islands), Oulu River (Finland), 187 Palembang River (Indonesia), 250 552–553 Oumer Rebia River (Morocco), 369 , 265–268 Pasig River (The Philippines), 434 Our Lady’s House of Prayer (Ireland), 263 Peninsula (Jamaica), 275 Pasión River (Guatemala), 221 Our River (Luxembourg), 323 , 246 Pastaza River, 165, 430 Ourthe River (Belgium), 53 Palliser Bay (New Zealand), 393 Pasterze (Austria), 36 The (Australia), 34 Palmer Archipelago (Antarctica), 20 Pasu (Pakistan), 411 Outer Banks (United States), 577–578 Palmyra Atoll (United States), 577 (Argentina), 24–25, 26 Outer Hebrides (United Kingdom), 566–568 Paloemeu River (Suriname), 511 Patagonian Ice Cap, 24–25 Outer Himalayas, 242, 383 Palua Senga Besar (Malaysia), 335 Patanas, 504 . See Mongolia P’ambaki Mountains (Armenia), 28 See also Grasslands Ovalau Island (Fiji), 185 , 1, 2, 411, 527–528, 584 Patia River (Colombia), 124 Overpopulation Pampanga River (The Philippines), 434 Patkai Range (Myanmar), 375 Bangladesh, 48 Pampas (Argentina), 24, 27 Pátmos (Greece), 213 Egypt, 167 Pamperos. See Windstorms Patuca River (Honduras), 233 El Salvador, 174 Panai Lake (Indonesia), 250 Paulaya River (Honduras), 233 Ethiopia, 183 Panama, 417–420, 418, 419t Paulo Afonso Falls (Brazil), 75 India, 242, 247–248 Panama Bay, 419, 420 Paute River (Ecuador), 165 Indonesia, 253–254 , 417–419 Paxos (Greece), 212 Owen Falls (Uganda), 557 (Panama), 419 Peace River (Canada), 98 (Papua New Guinea), 420 Pan-American Highway, 124 Peacekeeping, East Timor, 162 Owerri (Nigeria), 404 Panay (The Philippines), 433, 434–435 Pearl Cays (Nicaragua), 396–397 Oyapock River (French Guiana), 195 Pandivere Upland (Estonia), 179 Pearl Harbor (United States), 577 Ozark Plateaus (United States), 573–574, 576 Pangani River (Tanzania), 531, 533 (Panama), 419 . See Ozark Plateaus (United States) Panj River (Tajikistan), 528 . See Zhu Jiang (China) Ozero Karakul (Tajikistan), 528 Panjang Hill (Singapore), 483 Peary Channel (Canada), 99 Ozone hole, 21 Panjnad River (Pakistan), 413 Peat Pannonian Plains, 70, 142, 143, 488, 602, 604 Belarus, 51 (Brazil), 76 Brunei, 80 P Pantelleria Island (Italy), 272 Indonesia, 251 Paats River (Finland), 187 Papaloapan River (Mexico), 354 Ireland, 262, 264 Pacaraima Mountains (Venezuela), 590 Papua (Indonesia), 248–252, 420, 423 Latvia, 309 Pachuca (Mexico), 356 Papua New Guinea, 248, 252, 420–423, 421, Lithuania, 322 Pacific Coast Straits (Canada), 95 423t The Netherlands, 388 Pacific Coastal Lowlands (Mexico), 356 Papuan Plateau (Papua New Guinea), 422 New Zealand, 393 Pacific Islands Forum, 382 Papuk Mountains (Croatia), 142 Northern Ireland, 566 Pacific Lowlands (Colombia), 124, 125 Paracas Peninsula (Peru), 430 Pecixe (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Pacific Lowlands (Nicaragua), 395, 398 Paracel Islands, 119 Pecos River (United States), 576 Pacific Mountains (United States), 573–574 Paradelta (Bangladesh), 46–47 Pedernales Peninsula (Dominican Republic), (Mexico), 352 Paradise Islands. See Bazaruto Archipelago 160 Pacific Tectonic Plate (Mozambique) Pedieos River (Cyprus), 149 Japan, 276 Paraguaná Peninsula (Venezuela), 592 Pedra Acu (Brazil), 74 Mexico, 352 Paraguay, 424–427, 425, 427t Pedra Branca Island. See Palau Batu Putih Nauru, 381 Paraguay Proper. See Eastern Paraguay Pedra Tinhosas Islet (São Tomé and Príncipe), New Zealand, 391 Paraguay River, 76, 424, 425–426 471 Papua New Guinea, 420 Paramaribo (Suriname), 511 Pedro Cays (Jamaica), 275 Russia, 453 Paraná Plateau (Paraguay), 424–427 Pegasus Bay (New Zealand), 393 Samoa, 466 Paraná River, 25–26, 75–76, 425–426, 582 Peleliu Island (Palau), 416 Solomon Islands, 489 Parc Nacional Los Glaciares (Argentina), 24 Pelister National Park (Macedonia), 326 Tonga, 539 Pare Range (Tanzania), 530 Pelly Range (Canada), 97 United States, 573 Paria Peninsula (Venezuela), 590, 591 (Greece), 211–212, 213 . See Ganges River Parida Island (Panama), 419 Peloritani Range (Italy), 270–271 Paektu-san (DPRK), 294, 295 Parinacota (Chile), 112 Pemba (Tanzania), 532 Pag Island (Croatia), 143 Paris Basin, 189, 191, 193–194 (Mozambique), 373 Bay (The Philippines), 435 Parishan marsh (Iran), 257 Pembrokeshire Coast Path (Wales), 569 Pagalu. See Annabón (Equatorial Guinea) Parishes. See Administrative divisions Pemon Indians (Venezuela), 591 Pager River (Uganda), 557 Park National de la Boucle du Baoulé (Mali), Penal colonies, French Guiana, 195 Pagsanjan Gorge National Park (The 342 Penang Island (Malaysia), 335 Philippines), 433 Parks Penghu Archipelago. See Pescadores (Malaysia), 335 Brunei, 80 Penguins, 20, 21, 26, 379, 430 Pahar complex (Nepal), 384 Dominica, 158 Peninsula de Azuero (Panama), 417 Paita Bay. See Bahía de Paita (Peru) El Salvador, 173–174 Península Valdés (), 26 Pakaraima Mountains (Guyana), 227 See also National parks; Nature reserves , 333–336 Pakistan, 1, 242, 411–415, 412, 414t Pärnu Bay (Estonia), 179 Peninsulas. See names of specific peninsulas

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Index

Pennine Alps (Switzerland), 518 Libya, 318 Pico da Bandeira (Brazil), 74 Pennine Chain (England), 564, 566 Lithuania, 322 Pico da Cano. See Mount Fogo (Cape Verde) Pennsylvania (United States), 573 Malaysia, 336 Pico da Neblina (Brazil), 74 Penón de Alhucemas Island (Spain), 499 Mexico, 357 Pico de (Spain), 499 Penón de Velez de la Gomera, 499 Mozambique, 374 Pico de Orizaba (Mexico), 353 Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, 368 Myanmar, 377 Pico de Príncipe (São Tomé and Príncipe), 470 Pentadaktylos Range. See Kyrenia Range Nigeria, 403, 404 Pico de São Tomé (São Tomé and Príncipe), (Cyprus) Norway, 408 470 Pentecost (Vanuatu), 587 Oman, 410 Pico de Teide Mountain (Spain), 500 Perak River (Malaysia), 335 Pakistan, 413, 414 (Dominican Republic), 159

Pere Island (French Guiana), 195 Papua New Guinea, 423 Pico Kabumbé (São Tomé and Príncipe), 470 Index Perim Island (Yemen), 600 Peru, 432 Pico Mogotón (Nicaragua), 395 Peri-Pannonian Plains (Croatia), 142 The Philippines, 436 Pico River (Peru), 428 Perito Moreno (Argentina), 25 Puerto Rico, 445 (Cuba), 145 Permafrost, 455–456 Qatar, 446, 447 Piduru Ridges (Sri Lanka), 502–503 Persia. See Iran Romania, 451 Mountain (Sri Lanka), 503 Persian Gulf Russia, 455, 457 Piedmont Plateau (United States), 571, 574 Bahrain, 43–44 Saudi Arabia, 472, 475 Pik Lenina. See Lenin Peak Iran, 257 Seychelles, 480 Pik Pobedy. See Jengish Chokusu (Kyrgyzstan) Kuwait, 300–301 Sudan, 510 Pilcomayo River, 67, 426 Qatar, 446, 447 Syria, 521, 524 Pilis Mountains (Hungary), 235 Saudi Arabia, 472–475 Trinidad and Tobago, 542 Pindus Mountains (Greece), 211, 212 Perth (Australia), 35 Tunisia, 545 Pine Cay Island (Turks and Caicos Islands), Peru, 427–432, 429, 431t Turkmenistan, 552 552–553 Peru Current, 113, 165, 166, 430, 431 Ukraine, 561–562 Ping River (Thailand), 534 Peru-Chile Trench, 430, 431 United Arab Emirates, 563–564 Pingelap Islands (Micronesia), 358 Perucica Forest (Bosnia and Herzegovina), 70 United Kingdom, 570 Piniós River (Greece), 212 Pescadores, 119, 524–525 United States, 580 Pinney’s Beach (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 461 Pesticides Uzbekistan, 586 Pinta Island (Galápagos), 165 Moldova, 361 Venezuela, 593 Piran (Slovenia), 488 neem trees, 244 Yem en, 601 Piray River (Bolivia), 66 Peter I Island, 20, 407 Yugoslavia, 605 Pirin Mountains (Bulgaria), 82, 84 Peter the Great Bay, 455 Petrusse River (Luxembourg), 324 Pirin Sea. See Popovo Lake (Bulgaria) Petermann Range (Australia), 32 Phae Muang Phi (Thailand), 534 (United Kingdom), 568 Petit Lac (Switzerland), 519 Phangnga Bay (Thailand), 535 Pitch Lake (Trinidad and Tobago), 542 Petit Martinique (Grenada), 217 Philippine Tectonic Plate, 249, 433 Pitcher plants, Madagascar, 330 Petit Piton (Saint Lucia), 462–463 Philippine Trough, 434 Piton de la Rivière Noire (Mauritius), 350–351 Petroleum The Philippines, 334, 432–436, 433, 436t Piton du Milieu (Mauritius), 351 Algeria, 11 (Cambodia), 89 Pittsburgh (United States), 576 Angola, 15 Phnom Penh (Cambodia), 91 Piura (Peru), 428 Aruba, 31 . See Pho River (Bhutan) Piva River (Yugoslavia), 602–603 Azerbaijan, 41 Pho River (Bhutan), 63 Plackovica Mountains (Macedonia), 325 Bangladesh, 48 Phoenix Islands (Kiribati), 292–293 “Places of Sovereignty” (Spain), 498–499 Barbados, 49 Phosphates Plain of Esdraelon (Israel), 266 Belarus, 51 Algeria, 11 Plain of Jars (Laos), 305 Bolivia, 68 Kiribati, 293 Plain of Judaea (Israel), 267 Brunei, 80–81 Nauru, 381–382 Plain of Sharon (Israel), 267 Cambodia, 91 Netherlands Antilles, 390 Plains Cameroon, 95 . See Mount Bia (Laos) Afghanistan, 4 Canada, 101 Phouane Plateau (Laos), 305 Algeria, 10 China, 120, 121 Phrae (Thailand), 534 Angola, 15 Colombia, 126 Phu Kadueng National Park (Thailand), 534 Australia, 35 Croatia, 144 Phu Keaw (Thailand), 534 Bangladesh, 46–47 East Timor, 163 Phu Wiang (Thailand), 534 Belarus, 50 Ecuador, 167 Phuket Island (Thailand), 535 Bolivia, 65 El Salvador, 174 Piaye River (Saint Lucia), 462 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 70 Equatorial Guinea, 176 Pic de Cataperdis (Andorra), 12 Brazil, 77 Gabon, 197 Pic de Coma Pederos (Andorra), 11–12 Canada, 100 Georgia, 202 Pic de la Cabaneta (Andorra), 12 China, 120 Greece, 214 Pic de la Serrera (Andorra), 12 Congo, Republic of, 134 Guatemala, 222 Pic de l’Estanyó (Andorra), 12 Croatia, 143 Guinea-Bissau, 227 Pic de Siguer (Andorra), 12 Cyprus, 149 Indonesia, 254 Pic de Tristaina (Andorra), 12 Denmark, 153 Iran, 258 Pic dels Pessons (Andorra), 12 Dominican Republic, 161 Iraq, 261 Pic d’Envalira (Andorra), 12 Ethiopia, 183 Kazakhstan, 288 Pichincha (Ecuador), 164 Finland, 188 Kuwait, 301 Pico (Portugal), 442 France, 189, 193–194

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 683 Geodata.book Page 684 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Georgia, 200–201 Belize, 56 Myanmar, 375 Germany, 202 Benin, 58 Namibia, 377, 379 Ghana, 207, 208 Bolivia, 66 Nauru, 381 Greece, 211, 213 Botswana, 71 Nepal, 384 Guinea, 222 Brazil, 73 The Netherlands, 388 Guinea-Bissau, 225 Bulgaria, 82 New Zealand, 391 Guyana, 227 Burkina Faso, 84–85 Niger, 399 Hungary, 235, 237, 238 Burundi, 87, 88 Nigeria, 401, 402, 404 India, 246–247 Cameroon, 92–93 Norway, 405 Iraq, 261 Canada, 97 Oman, 409 Israel, 267 Central African Republic, 105 Pakistan, 412–413 Italy, 272 Chad, 108 Panama, 417 Japan, 278, 280 Chile, 112 Papua New Guinea, 421 Kenya, 291 China, 117 Paraguay, 424 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, Colombia, 123 The Philippines, 433 296 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 128, 130 Qatar, 446 Korea, Republic of, 298 Congo, Republic of, 134 Romania, 449 Laos, 305 Costa Rica, 136–137 Russia, 453 Latvia, 307–308 Côte d’Ivoire, 139 Rwanda, 458–459 Lithuania, 320 Czech Republic, 151 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 460 Malawi, 331 Djibouti, 156 Samoa, 466 Malaysia, 333 East Timor, 162 São Tomé and Príncipe, 470 Mauritania, 347 Ecuador, 165 Saudi Arabia, 472–473 Mexico, 352, 355 Egypt, 168 Senegal, 476 Moldova, 360 El Salvador, 172 Sierra Leone, 481 Mongolia, 363 Eritrea, 176–177 Singapore, 483 Morocco, 367–368, 369 Ethiopia, 181–182 Slovenia, 487–488 Nepal, 385 France, 189, 190–191 Somalia, 491 New Zealand, 394 French Guiana, 195 South Africa, 494–495, 497 Nicaragua, 395 Gabon, 196 Sri Lanka, 503 Nigeria, 402 Gambia, 198 Sudan, 507 Oman, 409, 410 Georgia, 200 Swaziland, 512 Paraguay, 424, 427 Germany, 203 Sweden, 514 Portugal, 443 Ghana, 207 Switzerland, 519 Puerto Rico, 444, 445 Guatemala, 220 Syria, 521–522 Romania, 448, 450 Guinea, 223 Taiwan, 525 Russia, 451, 456 Guinea-Bissau, 225 Tajikistan, 528 Saudi Arabia, 472, 474 Guyana, 227 Tanzania, 529–531 Slovenia, 488 Haiti, 230, 231 Thailand, 534 Somalia, 491 Honduras, 233 Togo, 538 South Africa, 495 Iceland, 238, 239 Tunisia, 544 Sri Lanka, 504 India, 244 Turkey, 546–547 Sudan, 509 Indonesia, 250 Turkmenistan, 550 Suriname, 510 Iran, 255 Uganda, 556 Swaziland, 512 Iraq, 259 United Arab Emirates, 562 Sweden, 514–517 Israel, 266–267 United Kingdom, 566 United Kingdom, 569 Jamaica, 274 United States, 574–575 United States, 574–576 Japan, 277–278 Uruguay, 581 Planalto Central (Brazil), 73 Jordan, 282 Uzbekistan, 584 Planalto de Bafatá (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Kazakhstan, 285 Venezuela, 591 Planalto de Gabú (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Kenya, 288, 290 Vietnam, 594–595 Platano River (Honduras), 233 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, Yem en, 599 Plate tectonics. See names of specific tectonic 295 Zambia, 606 plates Laos, 305–306 Zimbabwe, 609 Plateau of Iran, 255 Lebanon, 310 Platte River (United States), 576 Plateau of (China), 117 Lesotho, 312 Plavinas Reservoir (Latvia), 308 Plateau of . See Western High Liberia, 314 Plazas de Soberania. See “Places of Plains (Nigeria) Libya, 316 Sovereignty” (Spain) Plateaus Luxembourg, 323 Plitvicka Lakes (Croatia), 143 Algeria, 8–9, 10 Madagascar, 328–329 Plješevica Mountains (Croatia), 142 Angola, 13, 15 Malawi, 331 Po River (Italy), 271, 272 Antarctica, 19 Mali, 340 Po River Valley (Italy), 269, 271, 272, 273 Argentina, 25 Mauritania, 347 Poás volcano (Costa Rica), 136 Armenia, 28 Mauritius, 350, 351 Podgorica (Yugoslavia), 604 Australia, 32–33 Mexico, 352, 354 (Senegal), 477 Austria, 37 Mongolia, 364 Pohnpei (Micronesia), 358–359 Belgium, 53 Mozambique, 371–372 Poiana Rusca˘i Mountains (Romania), 449

684 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 685 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Point Barrow (United States), 578 Belarus, 51, 51t India, 247t, 247–248 Point Burica (Panama), 419 Belgium, 54, 54t Indonesia, 253t, 253–254 Point Cosigüina (Nicaragua), 397 Belize, 57, 57t Iran, 258, 258t Point Gallinas (Colombia), 125 Benin, 59, 59t Iraq, 261, 261t Point Mala (Panama), 419 Bermuda, 61, 61t Ireland, 264, 265t Point Marzo (Colombia), 125 Bhutan, 64 Israel, 268, 268t Point Mono (Nicaragua), 397 Bolivia, 67–68, 68t Italy, 272–273, 273t Point Pedro (Sri Lanka), 504 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 70, 70t Jamaica, 275, 275t Point Solano (Colombia), 125 Botswana, 72, 72t Japan, 280–281, 281t Point Tarifa (Spain), 501 Brazil, 77t, 78 Jordan, 283

Point Xaafuun (Somalia), 492–493 British Virgin Islands, 79 Kazakhstan, 287t, 287–288 Index Poitou (France), 194 Brunei, 81, 81t Kenya, 291, 292t Poland, 436–440, 438, 439t Bulgaria, 84, 84t Kiribati, 294 Polar ice cap (Antarctica), 19 Burkina Faso, 86, 86t Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, Polar Plateau (Antarctica), 19 Burundi, 88, 88t 296t, 296–297 Polders. See Land reclamation Cambodia, 91, 91t Korea, Republic of, 299, 299t Polesie Lubelskie (Poland), 437 Cameroon, 94–95, 95t Kuwait, 301, 301t Polesye Marshes, 50–51, 559–561 Canada, 100t, 101 Kyrgyzstan, 304, 304t Polissya. See Polesye Marshes Cape Verde, 102, 103t Laos, 307, 307t Poljes (Slovenia), 488 Cayman Islands, 104, 104t Latvia, 309, 309t Pollution Central African Republic, 107, 107t Lebanon, 311 Azerbaijan, 41 Chad, 110t, 110–111 Lesotho, 313, 313t Bahrain, 44 Chile, 114, 114t Liberia, 315, 315t Bangladesh, 48 China, 120t, 120–121, 121t Libya, 318 El Salvador, 172 Colombia, 125t, 126 Liechtenstein, 319 India, 242, 248 Comoros, 127t, 128 Lithuania, 321–322, 322t Micronesia, 359 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 132, 132t Luxembourg, 324, 324t Moldova, 361 Congo, Republic of, 135, 135t Macedonia, 326, 326t Pakistan, 413 Costa Rica, 138, 138t Madagascar, 330 Uruguay, 581–582 Côte d’Ivoire, 141t, 141–142 Malawi, 332t, 332–333 Venezuela, 591 Croatia, 144, 144t Malaysia, 336, 336t See also Air pollution; Industrial pollution; Cuba, 147, 148t Maldives, 339, 339t Pesticides; Water pollution Cyprus, 150, 150t Mali, 342, 342t Polochic River (Guatemala), 221 Czech Republic, 152, 152t Malta, 343 Polotsk Lowland (Belarus), 50 Denmark, 155, 155t Marshall Islands, 345 Pomeranian Lake District (Poland), 437 Djibouti, 157 Martinique, 347 Ponape. See Pohnpei (Micronesia) Dominica, 158, 158t Mauritania, 349 Ponta do Pico (Portugal), 442 Dominican Republic, 161, 161t Mauritius, 351 Ponta São Sebastião (Mozambique), 373 East Timor, 163, 163t Mexico, 356t, 356–357, 357t Pontic Mountains (Turkey), 546 Ecuador, 166t, 167 Micronesia, 359 Pontine Marshes (Italy), 272 Egypt, 170, 170t Moldova, 361, 361t Ponza Islands (Italy), 272 El Salvador, 173t, 174 Monaco, 363 (DROC), 131 Equatorial Guinea, 175, 175t Mongolia, 366t, 367 Poole Bay (England), 567 Eritrea, 178, 178t Morocco, 369–370, 370t Popocatépetl (Mexico), 353 Estonia, 180, 180t Mozambique, 373, 374t Popovo Lake (Bulgaria), 82 Ethiopia, 183, 183t Myanmar, 376–377, 377t Poppies, blue, 63 Fiji, 185, 185t Namibia, 380, 380t Population Finland, 188, 188t Nauru, 382 Afghanistan, 4t, 5 France, 193t, 194 Nepal, 386, 386t Albania, 7, 7t French Guiana, 195 The Netherlands, 389 Algeria, 10, 11t Gabon, 197 Netherlands Antilles, 390 Andorra, 12, 12t Gambia, 199, 199t New Zealand, 394 Angola, 15, 15t Georgia, 201, 201t Nicaragua, 398 Anguilla, 17 Germany, 206, 206t Niger, 400 Antarctica, 21 Ghana, 210, 210t Nigeria, 404, 404t Antigua, 23, 23t Greece, 214, 214t Norway, 407t, 408 Argentina, 27, 27t Greenland, 216 Oman, 410, 410t Armenia, 29, 29t Grenada, 217 Pakistan, 414, 414t Aruba, 30–31 Guadeloupe, 219 Palau, 416, 416t Australia, 35, 35t Guatemala, 221–222, 222t Panama, 419t, 420 Austria, 38–39, 38t Guinea, 224 Papua New Guinea, 423 Azerbaijan, 40t, 40–41 Guinea-Bissau, 226 Paraguay, 427, 427t The Bahamas, 42 Guyana, 229 Peru, 431t, 432 Bahrain, 44, 44t Haiti, 231t, 232 The Philippines, 436, 436t Bangladesh, 45, 47t, 48 Honduras, 234, 234t Poland, 439t, 439–440, Barbados, 49, 49t Hungary, 237t, 238 Portugal, 442t, 443 Barbuda, 23, 23t Iceland, 241 Puerto Rico, 445, 445t

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 685 Geodata.book Page 686 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Qatar, 447 Port Royal Mountains (Jamaica), 274 Prespansko Jezero. See Lake Prespa Romania, 450t, 451 Port Sudan (Sudan), 508–509 (South Africa), 498 Russia, 457, 457t Port-au-Prince (Haiti), 230, 231 Prilep (Macedonia), 326 Rwanda, 459 Port-de-Paix (Haiti), 230 Prince Edward Island (Canada), 99 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 461 Portland Bight (Jamaica), 275 Prince Edward Islands (South Africa), 496 Saint Lucia, 463 Porto (Portugal), 442, 443 Prince William Sound (United States), 578 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 465, Pôrto Alegre (Brazil), 76 Princess Wildlife Sanctuary 465t Porto Novo Lagood (Benin), 58 (Thailand), 535 Samoa, 468 Porto Santo (Portugal), 442 Príncipe Island, 470–471 San Marino, 469 Port-of-Spain (Trinidad and Tobago), 542 Príncipe Peak. See Pico de Príncipe (São Tomé São Tomé and Príncipe, 471 Ports and Príncipe) Saudi Arabia, 474t, 475 Argentina, 26 Pripet. See Pripyat River Senegal, 478, 478t Bangladesh, 47 Pripyat Marshes. See Polesye Marshes Seychelles, 479–480, 480t Barbados, 48 Pripyat River, 51, 560 Sierra Leone, 482, 482t Bermuda, 60–61 Proliv Dmitrya Lapteva, 455 Singapore, 484 Brazil, 76 Provence Alps (France), 190 Slovakia, 486, 486t Cuba, 147 Providencia Island (Colombia), 124 Slovenia, 488, 488t Dominican Republic, 160 Providenciales Island (Turks and Caicos Solomon Islands, 490, 490t Ecuador, 166 Islands), 552–553 Somalia, 493 Georgia, 201 Provinces. See Administrative divisions South Africa, 497t, 497–498 Greece, 213 Pru To Daeng. See Princess Sirindhorn Spain, 499t, 500 Guatemala, 221 Wildlife Sanctuary (Thailand) Sri Lanka, 502–503, 503t India, 245 Prut River, 360–361, 449 Sudan, 509t, 509–510 Ireland, 263 Prydz Bay (Antarctica), 21 Suriname, 511 Israel, 267, 268 Przewalski horses, 365 Swaziland, 513, 513t Kenya, 290 Psunj Mountains (Croatia), 142 Sweden, 516t, 517 Libya, 316 Puerto Barrios (Guatemala), 221 Switzerland, 520, 520t Madagascar, 329 Puerto Lempira (Honduras), 234 Syria, 522t, 523 Malta, 343 Puerto Rico, 443–445, 444, 445t, 571, 573, 577 Taiwan, 525, 525t Micronesia, 359 Puerto Rico Trench, 444 Tajikistan, 527, 527t Monaco, 362 Puget Sound (United States), 577–578 Tanzania, 532t, 532–533 Paraguay, 425 Pujo˘llyo˘ng Range (DPRK), 295 Thailand, 536, 536t Qatar, 446 Pujo˘n River (DPRK), 295 Togo, 538 Russia, 455 Puktae Range (DPRK), 295 Tonga, 539, 539t Saint Lucia, 463 Pulau Muara Besar (Brunei), 80 Trinidad and Tobago, 542, 542t Samoa, 467 Pulau Tekong Besar Island (Singapore), 483 Tunisia, 545, 545t São Tomé and Príncipe, 471 Puna de Atacama (Argentina), 27 Turkey, 549, 549t Saudi Arabia, 474 Puná Island (Ecuador), 166 Turkmenistan, 550t, 551–552 Senegal, 476–477 Puna Tsang River. See (Bhutan) Turks and Caicos Islands, 553 South Africa, 496 Puncak Jaya (Indonesia), 249 Uganda, 557t, 558 Sri Lanka, 504 , 244, 413, 414 Ukraine, 561, 561t Sudan, 508 Puno (Peru), 430 United Arab Emirates, 563, 563t Taiwan, 526 Punta Águila (Puerto Rico), 445 United Kingdom, 570, 570t United Arab Emirates, 563 Punta Brea (Puerto Rico), 445 United States, 580, 580t See also names of specific ports Punta del Este (Uruguay), 582 Uruguay, 583, 583t Portugal, 440–443, 441, 442t, 443t Punta Patino (Panama), 418 Uzbekistan, 585, 585t Port-Vila (Vanuatu), 587–588 Punta Remedios (El Salvador), 173 Vanuatu, 588 Postonja (Slovenia), 488 Puong Grotto (Vietnam), 595 Vatican City, 589 Postonja Cave (Slovenia), 488 (Papua New Guinea), 422 Venezuela, 593, 593t Potaro River (Guyana), 228 Purple earth, 77 Vietnam, 596t, 597 Pot’i (Georgia), 201, 202 Purus River, 74, 430 Virgin Islands, 598 Potwar Plateau (Pakistan), 413 Putu Range (Liberia), 314 Yemen, 601, 601t Poverty Putumayo River, 124, 165, 430 Yugoslavia, 605, 605t Bangladesh, 48 Putuo Shan (China), 117 Zambia, 608, 608t India, 248 Pyha River (Finland), 187 Zimbabwe, 611, 611t Indonesia, 254 P’yo˘ngyang peneplain (DPRK), 296, 297 Porali River (Pakistan), 413 Madagascar, 330 Pyramids, Sudan, 508 Porcupine River (United States), 576 Myanmar, 377 , 189–190, 499, 502 Porsangen Fjord (Norway), 407 Nepal, 386 Port Antonio (Jamaica), 274, 275 Somalia, 493 Port Elizabeth (South Africa), 496 Poyang Hu (China), 118 Port Island (Japan), 279 (Ghana), 208 Qanats, Iran, 255 Port Louis (Mauritius), 351 Prague (Czech Republic), 568 Qaqortoq (Greenland), 215 Port Moresby (Papua New Guinea), 421, 422, Praslin Island (Seychelles), 479 Qarqannah Island (Tunisia), 544 423 Precambrian Shield. See Canadian Shield Qatar, 445–447, 446 Port Philips Bay (Australia), 34 Precipitation. See Rainfall Qattara Depression (Egypt), 168, 170 Port Rashid (United Arab Emirates), 563 Pre-Sahel. See Chemama (Mauritania) Qeshm island (Iran), 257

686 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 687 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Qeys. See Kjsh (Iran) Botswana, 72 Kazakhstan, 287 Qiantang Jiang (China), 119 Brazil, 76–77 Kenya, 291 Qilian Shan (China), 116 British Virgin Islands, 79 Kiribati, 293–294 Qinghai Lake (China), 117–118 Brunei, 81 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, Qinling Shandi (China), 116 Bulgaria, 83–84 296 Qiongzhou Peninsula (China), 119 Burkina Faso, 86 Korea, Republic of, 299 Qondsz River (Afghanistan), 3 Burundi, 88 Kuwait, 301 Qoraqalpogh Autonomous Republic Cambodia, 91 Kyrgyzstan, 304 (Uzbekistan), 584 Cameroon, 94 Laos, 306 Qoraqalpoghistan. See Qoraqalpogh Canada, 100 Latvia, 309

Autonomous Republic (Uzbekistan) Cape Verde, 102 Lebanon, 311 Index Qormi (Malta), 343 Cayman Islands, 104 Lesotho, 313 Quatre Bornes (Mauritius), 351 Central African Republic, 106–107 Liberia, 315 Quebracho trees, 27 Chad, 109, 110 Liechtenstein, 319 Queen Charlotte Islands (Canada), 99 Chile, 114 Lithuania, 321 Queen Elizabeth Archipelago (Canada), 99 China, 120 Luxembourg, 324 Queen Mary’s Peak (United Kingdom), 568 Colombia, 126 Macedonia, 326 Queen Maud Gulf (Canada), 99 Comoros, 127 Madagascar, 329 Queen Maud Land (Antarctica), 20 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 132 Malawi, 332 Queens River (Dominica), 157 Congo, Republic of, 135 Malaysia, 336 Quetta (Pakistan), 411 Costa Rica, 138 Maldives, 338 Quicama National Park (Angola), 13 Côte d’Ivoire, 141 Mali, 341 Quita Sueno Island (Colombia), 124 Croatia, 143 Marshall Islands, 345 Quito (Ecuador), 164 Cuba, 147 Martinique, 346 Qullai Ismoili Somoni (Tajikistan), 528 Cyprus, 149 Mauritania, 348 Qurnat as-Sawda (Lebanon), 310 Czech Republic, 152 Mauritius, 351 Denmark, 155 Mexico, 356 Dominica, 158 Micronesia, 359 R Dominican Republic, 161 Moldova, 361 Rába River (Hungary), 236 East Timor, 163 Monaco, 363 Rabat (Morocco), 369 Ecuador, 166 Mongolia, 366 Rabaul (Papua New Guinea), 421 Egypt, 169 Morocco, 369 Radika canyon (Macedonia), 325 El Salvador, 173 Mozambique, 373 Radioactive contamination, Ukraine, 560 Equatorial Guinea, 175 Myanmar, 376 Radioactivity, of hot springs, 274 Eritrea, 177–178 Namibia, 380 (The Philippines), 433, 435 Estonia, 180 Nauru, 382 Ragay Hills (The Philippines), 433 Ethiopia, 183 Nepal, 385 Raigye Chhu. See Raigye River (Bhutan) Fiji, 185 The Netherlands, 389 Raigye River (Bhutan), 63 France, 193 Netherlands Antilles, 390 Rainbow Reef (Fiji), 185 French Guiana, 195 New Zealand, 394 Rainfall Gabon, 197 Nicaragua, 397 Afghanistan, 4 Gambia, 199 Niger, 400 Albania, 6 Georgia, 201 Nigeria, 403 Algeria, 10 Germany, 205 Norway, 407 Andorra, 12 Ghana, 210 Oman, 410 Angola, 15 Greece, 213 Pakistan, 414 Anguilla, 17 Greenland, 216 Palau, 416 Antarctica, 21 Grenada, 217 Panama, 419 Antigua, 22 Guadeloupe, 218, 219 Papua New Guinea, 423 Argentina, 27 Guatemala, 221 Paraguay, 426 Armenia, 29 Guinea, 224 Peru, 431 Aruba, 30 Guinea-Bissau, 226 The Philippines, 435 Australia, 34–35 Guyana, 228 Poland, 439 Austria, 38 Haiti, 231 Portugal, 443 Azerbaijan, 40 Honduras, 234 Puerto Rico, 445 The Bahamas, 42 Hungary, 237 Qatar, 447 Bahrain, 44 Iceland, 241 Romania, 450 Bangladesh, 47 India, 246 Russia, 456 Barbados, 49 Indonesia, 252 Rwanda, 459 Barbuda, 22 Iran, 258 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 461 Belarus, 51 Iraq, 261 Saint Lucia, 463 Belgium, 54 Ireland, 264 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 465 Belize, 57 Israel, 267 Samoa, 467 Benin, 58–59 Italy, 272 São Tomé and Príncipe, 471 Bermuda, 61 Jamaica, 275 Saudi Arabia, 475 Bhutan, 63–64 Japan, 280 Senegal, 477 Bolivia, 67 Jordan, 283 Seychelles, 479

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 687 Geodata.book Page 688 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Sierra Leone, 482 Mexico, 356 Ras Caseyr (Somalia), 492 Singapore, 483–484 New Zealand, 394 Ras Deshen (Ethiopia), 182 Slovakia, 486 Nicaragua, 397 Ras Fartak (Yemen), 601 Slovenia, 488 Peru, 428 Ras Hafun. See Point Xaafuun (Somalia) Solomon Islands, 490 The Philippines, 436 Ras Koh Range (Pakistan), 412 Somalia, 493 Puerto Rico, 444, 445 Ra’s Rakan (Qatar), 446 South Africa, 497 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 460–461 Ras Sharma (Yemen), 601 Sri Lanka, 504 Saint Lucia, 463 Ras Tanura (Saudi Arabia), 474 Sudan, 508–509 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 465 Rasa River (Croatia), 143 Suriname, 511 Samoa, 468 Rasua Garhi (Nepal), 384 Swaziland, 513 São Tomé and Príncipe, 471 Ratak Group (Marshall Islands), 344 Sweden, 516 Singapore, 484 Ratnapura (Sri Lanka), 505 Switzerland, 520 Solomon Islands, 490 Ra˘ut River (Moldova), 361 Syria, 523 Sri Lanka, 504 Ravi River, 244, 413 Taiwan, 526 Sudan, 507, 509 Rawdah (Syria), 523 Tajikistan, 528 Suriname, 510–511 (Papua New Guinea), 420 Tanzania, 532 Togo, 538 Rebild Bakker (Denmark), 155 Thailand, 535 United States, 579 Recife (Brazil), 76 Togo, 539 Venezuela, 593 Reclaimed land. See Land reclamation Tonga, 540 Virgin Islands, 598 Recovery Glacier (Antarctica), 19 Trinidad and Tobago, 542 See also Amazon rainforests . See Al Hamadah Al Hamra (Libya) Tunisia, 544 Rainy Lake (United States), 575 Red Hill (United States), 577 Turkey, 549 , 251, 335 Red Lakes (United States), 575 Turkmenistan, 551 Rajjaprabha Reservoir (Thailand), 534 Red River (United States), 576 Turks and Caicos Islands, 553 Rajshahi Division (Bangladesh), 46 Red River (Vietnam), 595 Tuvalu, 554–555 Rakha Pass (Nepal), 384 Red River Basin (Vietnam), 594 Uganda, 558 Rakhine Mountains. See Arakan Mountains Red River Delta (Vietnam), 594, 596 Ukraine, 561 (Myanmar) Red Sea, 176–178, 472–475 United Arab Emirates, 563 Ralik Group (Marshall Islands), 344 Red Sea Escarpment (Saudi Arabia), 472 United Kingdom, 569 Ramalau (East Timor), 162 Red Sea Highlands (Egypt), 167–170 United States, 579 Ramaroshan (Nepal), 385–386 Red Sea Hills (Sudan), 506–507 Uruguay, 582 Ramla Bay (Malta), 343 River, 84–85, 208 Uzbekistan, 585 Ramree Island (Myanmar), 376 Redang Archipelago (Malaysia), 335 Vanuatu, 587–588 Ramsar (Iran), 257 Reef Islands (Solomon Islands), 489 Vatican City, 589 Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. See Reforestation Venezuela, 592 Wetlands of International Importance China, 120 Vietnam, 596 River (Papua New Guinea), 422 Cuba, 147, 148 Virgin Islands, 598 Ranching and grazing, 179 India, 247 Yemen, 601 Argentina, 27 Ireland, 264 Yugoslavia, 604 Australia, 35 Israel, 268 Zambia, 608 Botswana, 72 Italy, 272 Zimbabwe, 611 Burundi, 87 Mongolia, 367 Rainforests Colombia, 126 The Philippines, 435 Bangladesh, 47 Costa Rica, 138 Poland, 439 Benin, 59 Cuba, 147–148 Puerto Rico, 445 Bolivia, 67 Ghana, 207 Refugees Brazil, 77 Ireland, 264 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 70 Brunei, 81 Kazakhstan, 285, 286 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 132 Cambodia, 91 Lesotho, 313 East Timor, 163 Cameroon, 94 Mongolia, 363, 366, 367 Guinea, 224 Central African Republic, 107 Nepal, 386 Reggio di Calabria (Italy), 269 Chile, 114 Panama, 419 Reina Adelaida Archipelago (Chile), 113 Colombia, 125 See also Agriculture Reindeer Lake (Canada), 98 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 132 Randenigala Reservoir (Sri Lanka), 503 Reisa River (Norway), 405 Côte d’Ivoire, 141 Rangárvallasýsla (Iceland), 238 Religions Dominica, 157, 158 Rangitaiki River (New Zealand), 393 Antigua, 23 Dominican Republic, 161 Rannock Moor (Scotland), 566 Barbuda, 23 Ecuador, 166–167 Ranongga Island (Solomon Islands), 489 Botswana, 72 El Salvador, 173 Rapa Nui. See Easter Island (Chile) British Virgin Islands, 79 Equatorial Guinea, 175 Rara Lake (Nepal), 384 Burkina Faso, 86 Grenada, 217 Ra’s al Hadd (Oman), 409 Cameroon, 94 Guatemala, 221 Ras al Kathib (Yemen), 600 Canada, 101 Guinea, 224 Ra’s al Khaymah (United Arab Emirates), 562– Chad, 110–111 Indonesia, 252–253 563 Comoros, 128 Laos, 306 Ras al Shi’b (Yemen), 600 Eritrea, 178 Maldives, 338 Ras Al-Jabal (Oman), 408 Greece, 214t Martinique, 346 Ra’s Al-Mat¸bakh (Qatar), 446 Guadeloupe, 219

688 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 689 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Guinea-Bissau, 226 United States, 576 Rio Grande River (Guinea-Bissau), 225 India, 245 Uruguay, 581 Rio Grande River (Jamaica), 274 Lebanon, 311 Venezuela, 591 Río Iguaçu. See Iguazú River Nauru, 382 See also Lakes Río Jiboa (El Salvador), 172 Poland, 440 Retenue de Nangbéto Reservoir (Togo), 537 Río La Plata (Puerto Rico), 444 Spain, 500 Réunion (France), 192 Río Lempa (El Salvador), 172 Swaziland, 513 Reuss River (Switzerland), 519 Río Muni. See Mbini (Equatorial Guinea) United Kingdom, 570 Reuss Valley (Switzerland), 518 Rio Negro, 581–582 Remedios Point. See Punta Remedios (El Revué River (Mozambique), 372 Rio Negro Dam (Uruguay), 581 Salvador) Rewa River (Fiji), 184 Rio Nunez (Guinea), 224

Remire Island (French Guiana), 195 Reykjavík (Iceland), 241 Rio Sado (Portugal), 442 Index Rendova Island (Solomon Islands), 489 Rhaetian Alps (Switzerland), 518 Río San Juan (Nicaragua), 396 Rennell Island (Solomon Islands), 489 Rhätikon Massif (Liechtenstein), 318 Rio Santa (Peru), 428 Rennick Glacier (Antarctica), 19 Rheris River (Morocco), 369 Rio Tacuarembó (Uruguay), 582 Reno River (Italy), 271 Rhine Falls (Switzerland), 519 Río Tajo. See Tagus River Reptiles Rhine River, 38, 191–192, 204, 319, 388, 517, Rio Uruguay (Uruguay), 581–582 Venezuela, 593 519 Rio Yi (Uruguay), 582 Zambia, 607 Rhine River Valley, 319 Rioni River (Georgia), 200 Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. See Rhine Valley (Switzerland), 518 Rishiri Island (Japan), 279 Bosnia and Herzegovina Rhineland (Germany), 204 Risnjak peak (Croatia), 142 Republic of Korea. See Korea, Republic of Rhodes (Greece), 213 Riu Valira. See Valira River (Andorra) Republic of Maldives. See Maldives Rhodope Mountains, 82, 84, 211, 212 River Clyde (Scotland), 564, 567 Republic of Singapore. See Singapore Rhon Mountains (Germany), 204 River Forth (Scotland), 564, 567 Republic of Srpska (RS), 69 Rhone (ship), 79 River gorges Republic of the Congo. See Congo, Republic Rhone Glacier (Switzerland), 519 Ethiopia, 182 of the Rhone River, 191, 517, 519 Nepal, 384 Rere (East Timor), 162 Rhone Valley (Switzerland), 518, 520 See also Canyons Research Richard Toll (Senegal), 477 River Spey (Scotland), 567 Antarctica, 18, 19, 21 Richardson Range (Canada), 97 River Tay (Scotland), 564, 567 Canada, 97 Richmond Peak (Saint Vincent and the River valleys. See names of specific river valleys Namibia, 379 Grenadines), 464 Rivers Reserva Biológic Indo-Maiz (Nicaragua), 397– Rift Valley. See Great Rift Valley Afghanistan, 3 398 Riga (Latvia), 307, 309 Albania, 6 Reserva Natural Miraflor (Nicaragua), 397– Rjgestan Desert (Afghanistan), 3, 4 Angola, 13–14 398 Riiser-Larsen Ice Shelf (Antarctica), 21 Antarctica, 19 Reserva Pacaya Samiria (Peru), 430 Rila Mountains (Bulgaria), 82, 84 Argentina, 25–26 Réservoir Gouin (Canada), 97 Rima River (Nigeria), 403 Armenia, 29 Reservoirs Rincon de la Vieja (Costa Rica), 136 Australia, 33 Australia, 33 “Ring of Fire” Austria, 37–38 Azerbaijan, 40 Mexico, 352 Bangladesh, 45–46 Bangladesh, 45 The Philippines, 433 Belarus, 50–51 Brazil, 75 Samoa, 466 Belgium, 53 Côte d’Ivoire, 139 Taiwan, 524 Belize, 56 Czech Republic, 151 Vanuatu, 586–587 Benin, 58 El Salvador, 172 “Ring of Kerry” (Ireland), 263 Bhutan, 63 Finland, 187 Ringkøbing (Denmark), 154 Bolivia, 66–67 France, 191 Ringvassøy (Norway), 406 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 69 Haiti, 230 Rio Artibonito. See Artibonito River Botswana, 72 Latvia, 308 (Dominican Republic) Brunei, 80 Lithuania, 320 Río Benito. See Mbini River (Equatorial Bulgaria, 82–83 Macedonia, 326 Guinea) Burkina Faso, 85 Malaysia, 334–335 Río Bravo del Norte (Mexico), 354 Burundi, 88 Mauritius, 351 Río Campo. See Ntem River (Equatorial Cambodia, 89–90 New Zealand, 392 Guinea) Cameroon, 94 Panama, 418 Rio Chagres (Panama), 418 Canada, 98 Paraguay, 425 Río Coco (Nicaragua), 396 Central African Republic, 105 Portugal, 442 Río de Bayamon (Puerto Rico), 444 Chad, 108, 109–110 Russia, 454 Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), 76–78 Chile, 113 Singapore, 483 Rio de la Plata (Uruguay), 426, 581–582 China, 118–119 Slovakia, 485 Río de la Plata basin (Brazil), 75–76 Colombia, 123–124 Sri Lanka, 503–504 Río de las Piedras (Peru), 430 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 130–131 Swaziland, 514 Rio Grande (United States), 354, 576 Congo, Republic of, 134 Tajikistan, 528 Río Grande de Arecibo (Puerto Rico), 444 Costa Rica, 137 Thailand, 534 Río Grande de Loiza (Puerto Rico), 444 Côte d’Ivoire, 139 Togo, 537 Río Grande de San Miguel (El Salvador), 172 Croatia, 143 Turkey, 548 Río Grande de Santiago (Mexico), 354–355 Cuba, 146 Ukraine, 559–560 Río Grande Matagalpa (Nicaragua), 396 Cyprus, 149

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 689 Geodata.book Page 690 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Czech Republic, 151–152 Myanmar, 375–376 Riyadh (Saudi Arabia), 472, 473 Denmark, 154 Namibia, 379 Roads (Bolivia), 68 Dominica, 157–158 Nepal, 385 See also Highways Dominican Republic, 160 The Netherlands, 388 Roanoke River (United States), 576 East Timor, 162–163 New Zealand, 393 Roatán Island (Honduras), 233 Ecuador, 165 Nicaragua, 396 Robben Island (South Africa), 496 Egypt, 169 Niger, 399 Robinson Crusoe (Defoe), 113 El Salvador, 172 Nigeria, 402–403 Rock Islands (Palau), 416 Equatorial Guinea, 175 Norway, 405 Rock of Gibralter (United Kingdom), 569 Eritrea, 177 Oman, 409 Rock paintings, Namibia, 378 Estonia, 179 Pakistan, 413 Rockefeller Plateau (Antarctica), 19 Ethiopia, 182 Panama, 418 (United States), 571, 573– Fiji, 184 Papua New Guinea, 422 575, 578–580 Finland, 187 Paraguay, 425–426 Rodna Mountains (Romania), 448 France, 191–192 Peru, 428–430 Rodrigues (Mauritius), 351 French Guiana, 195 The Philippines, 434 Roggeveld Mountains (South Africa), 494 Gabon, 196 Poland, 437–438 ROK. See Korea, Republic of (ROK, South Gambia, 198 Portugal, 442 Korea) Georgia, 200 Puerto Rico, 444 Rokel River (Sierra Leone), 481 Germany, 204–205 Qatar, 446 Rold Forest (Denmark), 155 Ghana, 208 Romania, 449 Rold Skov. See Rold Forest (Denmark) Greece, 212 Russia, 454 Roman Catholic Church (Vatican City), 588 Guadeloupe, 218 Rwanda, 459 Roman ruins, in Tunisia, 543 Guatemala, 219, 220–221 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 460–461 Romania, 447–451, 448, 450t Guinea, 223–224 Saint Lucia, 462–463 Romanian Riviera, 450 Guinea-Bissau, 225 Samoa, 467 Romblon (The Philippines), 433 Guyana, 227–228 San Marino, 469 Rome (Italy), 272 Haiti, 231 São Tomé and Príncipe, 470–471 Romsdals Fjord (Norway), 407 Honduras, 233 Senegal, 476 Ron Point (Vietnam), 596 Hungary, 236 Sierra Leone, 481 Rondador Island, 124 Iceland, 240 Singapore, 483 Rondane Mountains (Norway), 405 India, 244–245 Slovakia, 485 Ronde Island (Grenada), 217 Indonesia, 250–251 Slovenia, 488 Rongelap Atoll (Marshall Islands), 344 Iran, 256 Somalia, 491 Ronne Ice Shelf (Antarctica), 20, 21 Iraq, 259–261 South Africa, 496 Roosevelt Island (Antarctica), 20 Ireland, 263 Spain, 500 Ropar (India), 245 Israel, 267 Sri Lanka, 503–504 Rosalie River (Dominica), 158 Italy, 271 Sudan, 507–508 Rosario Island (Colombia), 125 Jamaica, 274 Suriname, 510–511 Rose Island (United States), 578 Japan, 278 Swaziland, 512–513 Roseau River (Dominica), 157 Jordan, 282–283 Sweden, 515 Roseau River (Saint Lucia), 462 Kazakhstan, 286 Switzerland, 519–520 Rosetta Channel (Egypt), 169 Kenya, 290 Syria, 522–523 Ross, James C., 20 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, Taiwan, 525 Ross Ice Shelf (Antarctica), 20, 21 295 Tajikistan, 528 Ross Island (Antarctica), 19, 20 Korea, Republic of, 298 Tanzania, 531 Ross Sea (Antarctica), 20, 21 Kyrgyzstan, 303 Thailand, 534–535 Rostov-na-Donu (Russia), 455 Laos, 306 Togo, 538 Rothaar Hills (Germany), 203 Latvia, 308 Tonga, 539 Roti Island (Indonesia), 252 Lebanon, 310–311 Trinidad and Tobago, 541 Rotuma Island (Fiji), 185 Lesotho, 312 Tunisia, 544 Round Island. See Île Ronde (Mauritania) Liberia, 314 Uganda, 557 Roxa (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Liechtenstein, 319 Ukraine, 559–560 Royale Island (French Guiana), 195 Lithuania, 320 United Kingdom, 566–567 RS. See Srpska Luxembourg, 323 United States, 576 Ruacana Falls (Namibia), 379 Macedonia, 326 Uruguay, 581–582 Ruahine Range (New Zealand), 391 Madagascar, 329 Uzbekistan, 584–585 Ruapehu (New Zealand), 391 Malawi, 332 Venezuela, 591–592 Rub’ al-Khali Malaysia, 335 Vietnam, 595 Oman, 410 Mali, 341 Yemen, 600 Qatar, 447 Mauritania, 348 Yugoslavia, 603–604 Saudi Arabia, 472, 475 Mauritius, 351 Zambia, 607 United Arab Emirates, 563 Mexico, 354–355 Zimbabwe, 609–610 Yemen, 599, 601 Moldova, 360–361 "Riviera of Flowers" (Albania), 6 Rubber. See Natural resources Mongolia, 365 Rivière des Créoles (Mauritius), 351 Rufiji Delta (Tanzania), 533 Morocco, 369 Rivière La Chaux (Mauritius), 351 Rufiji River (Tanzania), 531–532 Mozambique, 372 Rivière Salée (Guadeloupe), 218 Rügen Island (Germany), 205

690 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 691 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Ruhnu Island (Estonia), 180 St. Croix (Virgin Islands), 598 Salt Cay Island (Turks and Caicos Islands), Ruki River (DROC), 131 St. David Island (Bermuda), 60 552–553 Rumpungu River (Burundi), 88 Saint Elizabeth (Jamaica), 274, 275 Salt lakes Rungwe Mountain (Tanzania), 531 St. Eustatius (Netherlands Antilles), 390 Algeria, 9 Rupununi region (Guyana), 227, 229 St. George Island (Bermuda), 60 Argentina, 25 Rupununi River (Guyana), 228 St. George Valley (Barbados), 48 Australia, 33 Rural population. See Urban/rural population St. George’s Channel (United Kingdom), 263, China, 117–118 Rusizi River (Burundi), 88 569 Djibouti, 156 Island (Solomon Islands), 489 St. Giles Island (Trinidad and Tobago), 541 Egypt, 169 Russia, 451–458, 452, 457t St. Helena Bay (South Africa), 496 Iran, 255, 258

Ruvironza River (Burundi), 88 Saint Helena (United Kingdom), 568 Kazakhstan, 286 Index Ruvubu River (Burundi), 88 Saint John. See St. John (Virgin Islands) Madagascar, 329 (Tanzania), 531 St. John River (Liberia), 314 Malawi, 332 Ruwenzori Mountains (DROC), 130 St. John (saint), 213 Mauritania, 348 Ruwenzori Mountains (Uganda), 556 St. John (Virgin Islands), 598 Mongolia, 364–365 (Rwanda), 459 Saint Joseph (Martinique), 347 Romania, 449 Rwanda, 458–460, 459 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 460–462, 461, 462t Tajikistan, 528 Rydal Lake (England), 566 St. Lawrence Island (United States), 577 Tunisia, 544–545 Ryukyu archipelago (Japan), 276, 279, 280 St. Lawrence River, 98, 575–576 Turks and Caicos Islands, 552 St. Lawrence Valley (United States), 571 Salt marshes (Saudi Arabia), 473 Saint Lucia, 462–464, 463, 463t Salt Mountain (Dominican Republic), 161 S St. Lucia Channel (Martinique), 346 Salt Range (Pakistan), 412 Saale River (Germany), 204 St. Lucia Estuary (South Africa), 496 (United States), 576 Saar basin (Germany), 206 Saint Lucia Lake (South Africa), 495–496 Salvador (Brazil), 76 Saaremaa Island (Estonia), 179 St. Magnus Bay (United Kingdom), 568 SalvNatura (El Salvador), 173–174 Saba (Netherlands Antilles), 390 St. Maria (Switzerland), 519 , 119, 375–376 (Malaysia), 333–336 , 218, 390 Salzach River (Austria), 37 Sabaragamuwa Ridges (Sri Lanka), 502, 505 St. Martin’s (United Kingdom), 568 Salzkammergut region (Austria), 37 Sabi River. See St. Mary’s (United Kingdom), 568 Safid mountains (Afghanistan), 2–3 Sabinio (DROC), 130 St. Paul Island (France), 192 Salang Pass (Afghanistan), 2 Sabiria (East Timor), 162 St. Paul River (Liberia), 314 Samaná Peninsula (Dominican Republic), 160 Sabka. See Salt marshes (Saudi Arabia) St. Peter’s Basilica (Vatican City), 588 Samar (The Philippines), 433, 434–435 Sabkhat Mattj Salt Flats (Saudi Arabia), 475 St. Peter’s Square (Vatican City), 588 (The Philippines), 434 Sacramento Mountains (United States), 573 St. Petersburg (Russia), 455, 456 Samara (Russia), 454 Sacramento River (United States), 576, 578– St. Pierre and Miquelon (France), 192 (West Bank), 266, 267 579 St. Thomas (Virgin Islands), 598 Samborombón Bay (Argentina), 26 Sacred mountain peaks, 117 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 464–466, Sambre River (Belgium), 53 The Sacred Valley. See El Valle Sagrado (Peru) 465, 465t Sambrini Peak (DROC), 130 Sado Island (Japan), 279 Saint Vincent Island, 464–465 Sambur Lake (India), 245 Safed Koh Range (Pakistan), 412 Saint-Barthélemy (Guadeloupe), 218 Samina River, 319 Safjd River (Iran), 256 Saint-Joseph Island (French Guiana), 195 Samoa, 466–468, 467, 468t Sagara Swamp (Tanzania), 531 Saint-Louis (Senegal), 477 Samoan Archipelago (United States), 578 Sagarmatha. See Mount Everest Saint-Malo Gulf (France), 192 Sámos (Greece), 212 “Sahara Air.” See Foehn (Switzerland) St.-Nazaire (France), 192 Samosir Island (Indonesia), 250 Sahara Desert Saint-Pierre (Martinique), 347 Samothrace (Greece), 212 Algeria, 8, 10 Sajid Island (Saudi Arabia), 473 Samothráki. See Samothrace (Greece) Egypt, 167, 170 Sakhalin (Russia), 455 Samur River (Azerbaijan), 40 Libya, 317–318 Sakhalin Island (Russia), 453 Samur-Abperon Canal (Azerbaijan), 40 Mali, 339, 341, 342 Sal (Cape Verde), 102 San Ambrosio (Chile), 113 Mauritania, 349 Sala y Gómez (Chile), 113 San Andreas fault (United States), 574 Morocco, 369 Salado River (Argentina), 26 San Andrés Island (Colombia), 124 Niger, 400 Salamuma Beach (Samoa), 467 San Andrés y Providencia Intendency Sudan, 509 (South Africa), 496 (Colombia), 124 Tunisia, 543–545 Salelologa (Samoa), 467 San Bernadino Strait, 434 Saharan Atlas Mountains (Algeria), 8, 10 Salentina Peninsula (Italy), 272 San Bernardino Mountains (United States), Sahel, 339, 341, 398, 400, 545 Salinas. See Salt lakes 574 Saigon River (Vietnam), 595 Salinas Chicas (Argentina), 26 San Bernardo Island (Colombia), 125 Saimaa Canal (Finland), 186 Salinas River (Guatemala), 221 San Blas Archipelago (Panama), 419 St. Agnes (United Kingdom), 568 Saline Island (Grenada), 217 San Carlos Plains (Costa Rica), 137 St. Ana Lake (Romania), 448 Saloum River (Senegal), 476 San Cristobal Island (Solomon Islands), 489 St. Andrew (Saint Vincent and the Salpausselkä ridge (Finland), 187, 188 San Cristóbal Island (Galápagos), 165 Grenadines), 464 Salso River (Italy), 271 San Felix (Chile), 113 St. Andrews Island. See James Island (Gambia) Salt, as a natural resource San Fernando Island (Nicaragua), 396 Saint Ann (Jamaica), 274 Guinea-Bissau, 225 (United States), 578 St. Brandon Group. See Cargados Carajos Morocco, 370 San Gabriel Mountains (United States), 574 Shoals (Mauritius) Netherlands Antilles, 390 San Jerónimo Mountains (Colombia), 122 Saint Croix. See St. Croix (Virgin Islands) United Arab Emirates, 563 San Joaquin River (United States), 579

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San Juan (Puerto Rico), 445 Santa Maria (Peru), 430 Guyana, 227–229 San Juan Bay (Puerto Rico), 445 Santa Maria (Portugal), 442 Honduras, 233 San Juan Mountains (United States), 573 Santa Maria Bay (Malta), 343 India, 247 San Juan River (Argentina), 26 Santa María Island (Galápagos), 165 Kenya, 291 San Juan River (Colombia), 124 Santa Maria River (Panama), 418 Madagascar, 329 San Juan River (Costa Rica), 137 Santiago (Chile), 114 Mauritania, 348 San Juan River (United States), 576 Santiago River (Ecuador), 165 Mexico, 356 San Lucas Mountains (Colombia), 122 Santo Antão (Cape Verde), 102 Mozambique, 372 San Marino, 269, 468–470, 469, 469t Santo António (São Tomé and Príncipe), 471 Namibia, 377, 380 San Marino River (San Marino), 469 Santos (Brazil), 76 Nicaragua, 395 San Matías Gulf (Argentina), 26 “San’yo” (Japan), 279 Niger, 400 San Pedro River (Cuba), 146 Sao Din Canyon (Thailand), 534 Nigeria, 403–404 San Pedro River (Guatemala), 221 São Francisco River (Brazil), 74–75 Panama, 419 San Salvador (The Bahamas), 42 São Jorge (Portugal), 442 Papua New Guinea, 423 San Salvador (El Salvador), 171 São Luis Island (Brazil), 76 The Philippines, 435 San Salvador Island (Galápagos), 165 São Marcos Bay, 76 Senegal, 477 San San-Pond Sak (Panama), 418 São Miguel (Portugal), 442 Sudan, 506, 509 San Simón Mountains (Bolivia), 66 São Nicolau (Cape Verde), 102 Suriname, 510–511 San Valentín (Chile), 112 São Paulo (Brazil), 76, 78 See also Grasslands Sana River (Bosnia and Herzegovina), 69 São Sebastião Island (Brazil), 76 Save River, 372, 609 (Yemen), 599 São Tiago (Cape Verde), 102 Savinja River (Slovenia), 488 (Cameroon), 94 São Tomé and Príncipe, 470, 470t, 470–471, Savo Island (Solomon Islands), 489 Sand dunes São Tomé Island, 470–471 Savu Island (Indonesia), 252 Angola, 15 São Tomé Peak. See Pico de São Tomé (São (Indonesia), 252 Gambia, 198 Tomé and Príncipe) Sawakin (Sudan), 508 Mauritania, 349 São Vicente (Cape Verde), 102 Sayan Mountains (Russia), 453 Mongolia, 366–367 Saona Island (Dominican Republic), 160 Scafell Pike (England), 566 Mozambique, 373 Saône River (France), 191 Scania. See Skåne (Sweden) Namibia, 380 Sapadna Morava River (Yugoslavia), 604 Scarborough (Trinidad and Tobago), 542 The Netherlands, 388 Sapo Mountains (Panama), 417 Šar Planina (Macedonia), 325 Oman, 410 Sapt Kosi River (Nepal), 385 Nawqurah Bay (Oman), 410 Pakistan, 414 Sar Mountains, 602 Šešuph River (Lithuania), 320 Portugal, 443 Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina), 69–70 Šumava Mountains (Czech Republic), 151 Qatar, 446, 447 Sarakana River (Vanuatu), 587 Scarplands, in Germany, 204 See also Ergs Saramacca River (Suriname), 511 Schaan (Liechtenstein), 319 Sandbars Saramati, 244, 375 Schaffhausen (Switzerland), 518 Côte d’Ivoire, 140 (The Philippines), 435 Schelde River, 53, 388 Germany, 205 (Malaysia), 333–335 Scheldt River. See Schelde River Ghana, 209 Sarawak Chamber (Malaysia), 334 Schiermonnikoog Island (The Netherlands), Guyana, 228 Sarawat Range (Papua New Guinea), 420 388 Madagascar, 329 Sardinia (Italy), 269, 271, 272 Schleswig-Holstein coast (Germany), 205 Sando Island (Denmark), 154 Sarera Gulf (Indonesia), 252 Schlossberg caves (Germany), 204 Sandstorms Sarine River (Switzerland), 519 Schwarz Mountains (Namibia), 378 Iran, 258 Sarstún River (Guatemala), 221 Scotland (United Kingdom), 564, 566–569 Liberia, 315 Saskatchewan plain (Canada), 100 Scrub Island (Anguilla), 16 Sandwich Harbor (Namibia), 379 Saskatchewan River (Canada), 98 Scylla and Charybdis (Odyssey), 269 Sandwjp (Bangladesh), 47 Sassandra River (Côte d’Ivoire), 139 Sea cliffs Sandy Bay (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 461 (India), 244 Ireland, 263 Sandy Bay Beach (South Africa), 496 Saudi Arabia, 471–475, 473, 474t Monaco, 362 Sandy Island (Grenada), 217 Saumatre Lagood. See Lake Saumâtre (Haiti) See also Cliffs Sandy Point Bay (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 461 Sava River, 143, 488, 604 Sea ice. See Glaciers Sangha River (Cameroon), 94 Sava River valleys (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Sea Islands (United States), 578 Sangre de Cristo Range (United States), 573 69 (Russia), 455 “San’in” (Japan), 279 Savai’i Island (Samoa), 466–468 Sea of Cortez. See Gulf of California Sankore Mosque (Mali), 341 Savanna Woodland (Côte d’Ivoire), 141 Sea of Galilee (Israel), 267 Sankosh River (Bhutan), 63 Savannah River (United States), 576 Sea of Hebrides (United Kingdom), 567 Santa Barbara Islands (United States), 577 Savannas , 278, 298, 455 Santa Carolina Island (Mozambique), 373 Burkina Faso, 84–86 Sea of Marmara (Turkey), 546–549 Santa Catalina Canyon (Venezuela), 591 Burundi, 88 Sea of Okhotsk, 278, 453, 455 Santa Catalina Island, 124 Cameroon, 94 Seals Santa Catarina Island (Brazil), 76 Central African Republic, 107 Antarctica, 20 Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos), 165 Congo, Republic of, 135 Argentina, 26 Santa Cruz Islands (Solomon Islands), 489 Côte d’Ivoire, 141 McDonald Islands, 34 Santa Cruz River (Argentina), 26 Gambia, 198–199 Namibia, 380 Santa Isabel (Equatorial Guinea), 175 Guatemala, 221 Southern elephant, 26 Santa Isabel Island (Solomon Islands), 489 Guinea, 222 Seas. See Oceans and seas Santa Luzia (Cape Verde), 102 Guinea-Bissau, 226 Seattle (United States), 578

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Sebastián Vizcaíno (Mexico), 355 Shabeelle River, 182 Sierra de Luquillo (Puerto Rico), 444, 445 Sébé River (Gabon), 196 Shackleton Ice Shelf (Antarctica), 21 Sierra de Martin Garcfa (Dominican Sebei District (Uganda), 556 Shadegan wetland (Iran), 257 Republic), 159 Sebou River (Morocco), 369 Shahbazpur (Bangladesh), 47 Sierra de Neiba (Dominican Republic), 159, Sechura Bay. See Bahía de Sechura (Peru) Shamal. See Windstorms 230 (Peru), 431 Shan Plateau (Myanmar), 375, 376 Sierra de Nicaro (Cuba), 145 Sécure River (Bolivia), 66 Shandong Peninsula (China), 119 Sierra de Nipe (Cuba), 145 Sedeten Mountains. See Sudety Mountains Shandur-Hundrup National Park (Pakistan), Sierra de San Joaquin (Paraguay), 424 Seenu (Maldives), 338 414 Sierra de San Luis (Venezuela), 591 Sefidrood River (Iran), 256 Shangani River Valley (Zimbabwe), 611 Sierra de Sancti Spíritus (Cuba), 145

Segovia Highlands (Venezuela), 591 Shannon River (Ireland), 263 Sierra de Santa Cruz (Guatemala), 220 Index Seiland (Norway), 405 Sharjah (United Arab Emirates), 563 Sierra de Trinidad (Cuba), 145 Seine River (France), 191 Shark Bay (Australia), 34 Sierra del Cristal (Cuba), 145 Selenge River (Mongolia), 365 Sharqiya (Oman), 410 Sierra del Rosario (Cuba), 145–146 Seletar River (Singapore), 483 Shatt al Arab (Iraq), 260–261 Sierra del Tandil (Argentina), 25 Sélibaby (Mauritania), 348 Shatts. See Salt lakes Sierra Highlands (Ecuador), 164–166 Selkirk, Alexander, 113 Shebshi Mountains (Nigeria), 402 Sierra Leone, 480–482, 481, 482t Selondi Range (Zimbabwe), 609 (Sierra Leone), 481 Sierra Leone Peninsula (Sierra Leone), 480– Selvagens islet (Portugal), 442 Sherbro River (Sierra Leone), 481 482 Selwyn Range (Canada), 97 Sherbro Strait (Sierra Leone), 481 Sierra Leone River (Sierra Leone), 481 Seman River (Albania), 6 Shetland Islands (United Kingdom), 566–568 Sierra Lihuel-Calel (Argentina), 25 Semmering Pass (Austria), 36 Shey-Phoksumdo National Park (Nepal), 384 Sierra Madre (The Philippines), 433, 436 Semois River (Belgium), 53 Shiga Highlands (Japan), 277 (Mexico), 354 Sendai Plain (Japan), 280 Shikoku (Japan), 276–280 (Mexico), 353, 355 Senegal, 198, 475–478, 477, 477t Shikotan Island (Japan), 276 (Mexico), 353, 354, , 339, 341, 348, 476 Shilka River (Russia), 454 356 Senja (Norway), 406 Shinano River (Japan), 278 (Mexico), 353 Senqunyane River (Lesotho), 312 Shinjiko Lake (Japan), 278 Sierra Madre range (El Salvador), 172 Sentarium (Indonesia), 251 Shipping Sierra Madres, 220 Seoul (Korea, Republic of), 299 Egypt, 170 Sierra Maestra (Cuba), 145 River (Papua New Guinea), 421–422 The Netherlands, 389 Sierra Maigualida (Venezuela), 591 Serakhis River (Cyprus), 149 Panama, 420 Sierra Nevada de Cocuy (Colombia), 122 Serangoon River (Singapore), 483 Russia, 455 Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia), 123, (Yugoslavia), 602–605 Shipwrecks, 113 124 Serekunda (Gambia), 199 Kiribati, 293 Sierra Nevada Mountains (Spain), 500–501 Serena (Chile), 114 Meduse, 347 Sierra Nevada Mountains (United States), 574 Serengeti Plain, 530 Rhone, 79 Sierra Parima Mountains (Venezuela), 590 Seretar Reservoir (Singapore), 483 Skeleton Coast, 380 Sierra San Pedro Mountains (Mexico), 354 Seria (Brunei), 81 S.S. Bianca C, 217 Sierra Volcanica Transversal. See Cordillera Serpents Island. See Île aux Serpents Shiragami (Japan), 279 Neovolcanica (Mexico) (Mauritania) Shire Highlands, 331, 332, 370 Sigatoka River (Fiji), 184 Serra da Mantiqueira (Brazil), 74 Shire Plateau. See Shire Highlands Signal de Bortrange. See Mt. Botrange Serra de Monchique (Portugal), 441 (Malawi), 331, 332 (Belgium) Serra do Espinhaço (Brazil), 74 Shiroito Plateau (Japan), 278 Sihanoukville. See Kompong Som (Cambodia) Serra do Mar (Brazil), 74 Shishkhed River (Mongolia), 365 Sikhote-Alin’ Mountains (Russia), 453 Serra Geral (Brazil), 74 Shkumbin River (Albania), 6 Sikkim (India), 244 Serrana Island (Colombia), 124 Shortland Islands (Solomon Islands), 489–490 Silhoutte Island (Seychelles), 479 Serranía de Baudó, 122 Siachen Glacier (India), 242 Sim Gang glacier (Pakistan), 413 Serranilla Island, 124–125 Sianok Canyon (Indonesia), 250 Sjrrj (Iran), 257 Serre-Ponçon (France), 191 (Russia), 451–457 Simbo Island (Solomon Islands), 489 Serrianía de Tabasará (Panama), 417 Sibun River (Belize), 56 Simeto River (Italy), 271 Sese Archipelage (Uganda), 558 , 434 Similian Islands (Thailand), 535 Setúbal Bay (Portugal), 442 Sicilian Channel (Italy), 272 (Australia), 35 Seven Hills (Germany), 203 Sicily (Italy), 269, 270–272 Sinafir Island (Saudi Arabia), 473 Seven-Mile Beach (Cayman Islands), 104 Sico River (Honduras), 233 (Egypt), 167, 169 Severn River (Canada), 98 Sicre River (Honduras), 233 Sind (Pakistan), 413 Severn River (United Kingdom), 566 Sidipan Island, 335 Siné River (Senegal), 476 Severnaya Zemlya (Russia), 456 Sierra da Estrela (Portugal), 440, 441 Singapore, 482–484, 483, 484t (United States), 575 Sierra de Bahoruco (Dominican Republic), Singapore Island (Singapore), 483 Sevilla. See Seville (Spain) 159, 230 Singapore River (Singapore), 483 Seville (Spain), 500 Sierra de Cayey (Puerto Rico), 444 Singitic Gulf (Greece), 213 Sewa River (Sierra Leone), 481 Sierra de Chama (Guatemala), 220 Singkarak (Indonesia), 250 (United States), 573, 578 Sierra de Chuacús (Guatemala), 220 Sinharaja (Sri Lanka), 504 Seychelles, 478–480, 479, 480t Sierra de las Minas (Guatemala), 220 Sinn River (Syria), 523 Seyhan River (Turkey), 548 Sierra de la Ventana (Argentina), 25 Sinnamary River (French Guiana), 195 Sezar River Gorges (Iran), 255 Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, 220 Sint Maarten. See Saint Martin Shabeele River, 491 Sierra de los Organos (Cuba), 145–146 Sió River (Hungary), 236

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Sioma Falls. See Ngonye Falls (Zambia) Sobradinho Reservoir (Brazil), 75 Brazil, 73 , 248 So˘mjin River (Korea, Republic of), 298 Chile, 112 Sipaliwini River (Suriname), 511 The (France), 193 Colombia, 122 Siple Island (Antarctica), 20 Socotra Island (Yemen), 600–601 Ecuador, 164 Sira River (Norway), 405 (South Africa), 496 French Guiana, 194 Sirba River (Burkina Faso), 85 Sofala Bay (Mozambique), 373 Guyana, 227 Sirdaryo-Syr River. See Syr Darya River Sogeri Plateau (Papua New Guinea), 421 Panama, 417 Siret River (Romania), 449 Sognafjorden. See Sogne Fjord (Norway) Paraguay, 424 Sirikit Reservoir (Thailand), 534 Sogne Fjord (Norway), 407 Peru, 428 Sirwa (Morocco), 369 Soil erosion Suriname, 510 Sisangan National Park (Iran), 258 Belize, 56 Trinidad and Tobago, 541 Sistema Ibérico. See Iberian Cordillera East Frisian Islands, 205 Venezuela, 589–590 Mountains (Spain) Ethiopia, 182 , 33 Sistema Penibético. See Baetic Cordillera India, 248 South Caicos Island (Turks and Caicos Mountains (Spain) Indonesia, 250, 253 Islands), 552–553, 553 Sitrah (Bahrain), 43–44 Iran, 258 South Country (Norway), 405 Sittang River (Myanmar), 374–376 Micronesia, 359 South Downs (England), 566 Sittoung River. See Sittang River (Myanmar) Moldova, 361 South Friar’s Bay (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 461 Sivash Lagoon (Ukraine), 561 Pakistan, 414 South Georgia Island (United Kingdom), 21, (Egypt), 170 Sokoto River (Nigeria), 403 568 Siwalik Hills, 62, 383, 384 Sola (Vanuatu), 587 South Hatia (Bangladesh), 47 Sjælland Island (Denmark), 154 Solar energy South Island (New Zealand), 391–394 Skadar. See Lake Scutari India, 248 South Korea. See Korea, Republic of Skadarsko Jezero (Lake Scutari), 6 Indonesia, 254 South Limburg Plateau (The Netherlands), 388 Skaga Fjord (Iceland), 241 Iran, 258 South Malé Atoll (Maldives), 338 Skagerrak, 154, 405, 515, 516 Mongolia, 367 South Malosmadulu Atoll (Maldives), 338 Skåne (Sweden), 514–517 Nepal, 386 South Point (Jamaica), 274 Skeleton Coast (Namibia), 380 Pakistan, 414 South Orkney Islands (Antarctica), 21 Skellefte River (Sweden), 515, 517 Somalia, 494 (Georgia), 200 Skellefteå (Sweden), 516 Solar radiation, Antarctica, 21 South Point (Barbados), 49 Skelton Glacier (Antarctica), 19 Solimões River (Brazil), 74 South Pole (Antarctica), 17, 19 Skjaergard (Norway), 405–406 Solomon Islands, 422, 423, 489, 489–490, 490t South Sandwich Island (United Kingdom), 568 Skjaldbreidhur (Iceland), 239 Solomon Sea, 422, 489 South Sandwich Islands (United Kingdom), 21 Skjálfanda River (Iceland), 240 Solor River (Indonesia), 251 South Saskatchewan River (Canada), 98 Skjern River (Denmark), 154 Solway Firth (Scotland), 569 South Shetland Islands (Antarctica), 20 Skocjan Cave (Slovenia), 488 Smya Strait, 279 South Taranaki Bight (New Zealand), 393 Skógafoss (Iceland), 240 Somali Plateau (Ethiopia), 181–182, 183 South Uist (United Kingdom), 568 (Macedonia), 325, 326 Somalia, 490–494, 492 Southampton (United Kingdom), 570 Skorpios (Greece), 212 Sombrero Island (Anguilla), 16 Southern Alps (New Zealand), 391 Skye (United Kingdom), 566, 568 Somerset Island (Bermuda), 60 Southern and Antarctic Lands (France), 192 Slaettaratindur (Faeroe Islands), 154 Somep River (Romania), 449 Southern Bug River, 560–561 Slash-and-burn agriculture, in Gambia, 199 Somme River (France), 192 Southern elephant seals, 26 Slave trade, Cape Verde, 102 Somosomo Straits (Fiji), 185 Southern Hills. See Siwalik Hills Sliema (Malta), 343 Somuncurá Plateau (Argentina), 25 Southern Karroo. See Little Karroo Plateau Slieve Donard (Northern Ireland), 566 Song-Kul (Kyrgyzstan), 303 (South Africa) Slieve Mish Mountains (Ireland), 262 Song Lo River (Vietnam), 595 Southern Range (Trinidad and Tobago), 541 Slieve Mishkish Mountains (Ireland), 262 Song Shan (China), 117 Southern Rockies (United States), 573 Slochteren reserve (The Netherlands), 389 Songea (Tanzania), 531 Southern Sporades Islands (Greece), 213 Slovak Ore Mountains (Slovakia), 485 Sonmiani Bay (Pakistan), 413 Southern uplands (DROC), 129 Slovak Republic. See Slovakia , 356, 574, 579 Southern Uplands (Scotland), 564, 566–567 Slovakia, 484–486, 486t Sonsorol Island (Palau), 416 Southwest Cape (New Zealand), 393 Slovenia, 486–489, 487, 488t Sophala (Mozambique), 372 Southwestern Plateau (Afghanistan), 1, 3 Slovenské Rudohrie. See Slovak Ore Mountains Sorlandet. See South Country (Norway) , 453 (Slovakia) Sorraia River (Portugal), 442 Sowa River (Sierra Leone), 481 Småland (Sweden), 514–515, 517 Sorsogon Peninsula (The Philippines), 435 Spain, 368, 498–502, 499, 499t Small Lake. See Petit Lac (Switzerland) Sotavento (Cape Verde), 102 Spanish Sahara. See Smallwood Reservoir (Canada), 98 Soufrière (Guadeloupe), 218 Spencer Gulf (Australia), 34 Sound (Canada), 99 Soufrière (Saint Lucia), 462 Sperkhiós River (Greece), 212 “The Smoke That Thunders.” See Victoria Falls Soufrière (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), Spice Islands. See Maluku Islands (Indonesia) Snake River (United States), 574–576 464 Spitzbergen archipelago (Norway), 406 Snake River Plain (United States), 574–575 Soufrière Bay (Saint Lucia), 462 , 80, 119, 334, 335, 432, 595–596 Snares Islands (New Zealand), 393 Soun-kyo Gorge (Japan), 278 Sredinnyy Range (Russia), 453 Sneek Lake (The Netherlands), 388 Sourou River (Burkina Faso), 84–85 Sredna Gora. See Sredna Mountains (Bulgaria) Snohetta (Norway), 405 South Africa, 313, 494–498, 495, 497–498, Sredna Mountains (Bulgaria), 82 Snow Lake (Pakistan), 413 497t Sri Lanka, 502–505, 503, 503t Sobaek Mountain Range (Korea, Republic of), South American Tectonic Plate Srinakarin Reservoir (Thailand), 534 297, 298 Bolivia, 65 Srpska (RS), 69–70

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Index

S.S. Bianca C wreck, 217 Sultanate of Brunei. See Brunei Table Mountains (South Africa), 494 St. See Saint Sulu Archipelago (The Philippines), 435 Tabuaeran Island (Kiribati), 292, 293 Stanley Falls. See Boyoma Falls (DROC) Sulu Sea, 335, 434 Plateau (Papua New Guinea), 421 Stanley Pool. See Pool Malebo (DROC) Sumatra (Indonesia), 248–252 Tacana (Guatemala), 220 Stanovoy Mountains (Russia), 453 Sumba (Indonesia), 248, 252 Tachira (Venezuela), 591 (Papua New Guinea), 420 Sumbawa (Indonesia), 248, 252 Tacitus, 439 Stara Planina. See Balkan Mountains (Bulgaria) Sumpul River (Honduras), 233 T’aebaek Range (DPRK), 295, 297 Starbuck Island (Kiribati), 292, 293 Sun Coast. See Costa del Sol (Spain) Taedong Bay (DPRK), 296 Starnberger See (Germany), 204 Sun Kosi River (Nepal), 385 Tafara River (East Timor), 163 State Barrier Fence (Australia), 33 Sun (Taiwan), 525 Tagimaucia River (Fiji), 184

Statia. See St. Eustatius (Netherlands Antilles) Sunda Islands (Indonesia), 252 Tagus River, 440, 442, 500 Index Steel industry, in Australia, 35 (Indonesia), 251 Tahiti (France), 193 Steppes Sundarbans, 46, 47, 245 Tahtali Mountains (Turkey), 546 Hungary, 238 Sundukli Desert (Turkmenistan), 551 Taï National Park (Côte d’Ivoire), 141 Kazakhstan, 287 Sunless winter, Finland, 188 Tai Shan (China), 117 Mongolia, 366 Sunlight T’ai-tung (Taiwan), 525 Niger, 400 Antarctica, 21 Taibai Shan (China), 116–117 Russia, 456 Finland, 188 Taieri River (New Zealand), 393 Stevenson, Robert Louis, 466 Sunrise Group. See Ratak Group (Marshall Taiga, in Russia, 456–457 Stevn Cliff (Denmark), 154 Islands) Taipei (Taiwan), 525 Stewart Island (New Zealand), 393 Sunset Group. See Ralik Group (Marshall Taita Hills (Kenya), 290 Stockholm (Sweden), 515 Islands) Taiwan, 115, 119, 524–526, 525, 525t Stoker, Bram, 449 Superior Upland (United States), 573 Taiwan Strait, 119 Stokks Point (Iceland), 241 Suram Mountains (Georgia), 200, 201 Ta’izz (Yemen), 599–600 Stony Tunguska (Russia), 454 Sûre River, 323 Tajikistan, 526–529, 527, 529t Storå River (Denmark), 154 Surfers Paradise (Australia), 34 Tajumulco (Guatemala), 220 Store Strait (Denmark), 154 Surigao Peninsula (The Philippines), 435 Takachiho Gorge (Japan), 278 Strait of Dover (United Kingdom), 567, 569 (The Philippines), 434 Takachihokyo Plateau (Japan), 277 (Canada), 99 Suriname, 510–512, 511, 512t Takhu La (Nepal), 384 , 367, 369 Suriname River (Suriname), 510–511 Taklimakan Desert (China), 120, 121 , 257, 409, 411, 563 Surkohb. See Vakhsh River (Tajikistan) Talak (Niger), 400 Strait of Johore, 335 Surma River (Bangladesh), 46 Talish Mountains (Azerbaijan), 40 Strait of Juan de Fuca, 578 Surma River Plain. See Sylhet Plain Talkeetna Mountains (United States), 574 Strait of Jsbal, 169 (Bangladesh) Tapi River (India), 245 Strait of Magellan, 26 Surtsey Island (Iceland), 241 Tamaki Isthmus (New Zealand), 393 Strait of Malacca, 251, 333, 335 Sutjeska National Park (Bosnia and Tamarin Falls (Mauritius), 351 Strait of Mandeb, 156, 157 Herzegovina), 70 Tamaulipas (Mexico), 355 Strait of Messina, 269, 271 River, 244, 413 Tamil Nadu (India), 244 Strait of Otranto, 6, 271, 272 Suur Munamägi (Estonia), 179 Tampa Bay (United States), 578 Straits of Florida, 41 Suwa Canyon (Japan), 278 Tamur River (Nepal), 385 Strangford Lough (Northern Ireland), 566, 569 Svalbard archipelago (Norway), 406–407 Tana Fjord (Norway), 407 Straus, Johann, 36 Svealand (Sweden), 514–517 Tana Plains (Kenya), 291 (Papua New Guinea), 422 Swabian Alb (Germany), 204 Tana River (Kenya), 290, 291 Stromboli (Italy), 269, 272 Swain’s Island (United States), 578 Tana River (Norway), 405 Stromp Island (Denmark), 154 Swakop River (Namibia), 379 Tanah Karo (Indonesia), 250 Struma River, 83, 212 Swamps. See Wetlands Tanana River (United States), 576 Strumica River (Macedonia), 326 Swan Islands. See Cajone Cays (Honduras) Tanen Range (Thailand), 533 Sub-Apennines. See Anti-Apennines (Italy) The Swarms of San Jacinto. See Hervideros de Tanezrouft (Mali), 342 Subantarctic Zone, 24 San Jacinto (Nicaragua) Tanga (Tanzania), 530 Subcarpathians (Romania), 449, 451 Swat Hills (Pakistan), 412 Tanggula Mountains (China), 116 Submarine earthquakes Swaziland, 512–514, 513, 513t Tangshan (China), 115 Iceland, 241 Sweden, 514–517, 515, 516t Tanimbar Islands (Indonesia), 252 Papua New Guinea, 422 Switzerland, 517–521, 518, 520t Tanna Island (Vanuatu), 587 Subsistence agriculture. See Agriculture Sydero Island (Denmark), 154 Tannis Bay (Denmark), 154 Sudan, 505–510, 506, 509t Sydney (Australia), 35 (Finland). See Tenu River (Finland) Sudd (Sudan), 508 Sylhet District (Bangladesh), 45 Tano River (Ghana), 208 Sudety Mountains, 150, 437 Sylhet Plain (Bangladesh), 45 Tanshui River (Taiwan), 525–526 Suez Canal, 169 Syr Darya River, 286, 303, 528, 583–586 Tanzania, 529–533, 530, 532t Sugarcane Syria, 266, 521–524, 522, 522t Taoism, sacred mountain peaks, 117 Barbados, 49 Syrian Desert, 259, 261, 283, 523 Taor canyon (Macedonia), 325 Cuba, 148 Szczecin (Poland), 438 Taormina (Italy), 272 Mauritius, 352 Taoudenni (Mali), 342 Suir River (Ireland), 263 Tapajós River (Brazil), 74 Sula Islands (Indonesia), 252 T Tapanahoni River (Suriname), 511 Sulaiman Range (Pakistan), 412 Taatsiin Tsagaan Lake (Mongolia), 365 Tapón del Chocó (Colombia), 124 Sulawesi (Indonesia), 248–252 Tabasco (Mexico), 356 Tara Canyon, 69, 602 Sulawesi Sea, 251, 335, 434 Tablas (The Philippines), 433 Tara River (Yugoslavia), 602

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Index

Tarai Plain (Nepal), 383, 385, 386 Terhiyn Tsagaan Lake (Mongolia), 365 Three Gorges (China), 117 Tararua Range (New Zealand), 391 Ternate (Indonesia), 252 Three Gorges Dam (China), 118 Tarawa (Kiribati), 294 Terre de barre, Benin, 58 Three Kings Islands (New Zealand), 393 Tarbela Dam (Pakistan), 413 Territorial disputes Thunersee (Switzerland), 519 Tarim Basin (China), 117, 120 Algeria, 8 Thüringer Wald (Germany), 206 (China), 119 Equatorial Guinea, 175, 176 Thurston Island (Antarctica), 20 Tarn River (France), 191 Ethiopia, 181 , 116, 284, 302, 584 Tarum River (Indonesia), 251 India, 242 Tianchi Lake (China), 118 (Brunei), 80 Indonesia, 248 Tiber River, 271, 272, 273, 588 Tashkent (Uzbekistan), 584, 586 Iran, 254–255, 257 Tibesti Massif, 108, 316, 318, 399 Tasht Lake (Iran), 256 Japan, 276 Tibet, 62 Tasik Bera (Malaysia), 335 Malaysia, 333–334, 335 Tiburón (Mexico), 355 Tasman Bay (New Zealand), 393 Morocco, 368 Tiburon Peninsula (Haiti), 229, 231 Tasman glacier (New Zealand), 391 Nigeria, 401–402 Ticino (Switzerland), 520 Tasmania (Australia), 31–35 Norway, 407 Ticino River, 519 Tatamailau (East Timor), 162 Pakistan, 411 Ticino River Valley (Switzerland), 518 Tatar Strait (Russia), 455 The Philippines, 432 Tidal bores Tatra Mountains (Poland), 437 Qatar, 447 Bangladesh, 47 Tatra National Park (Slovakia), 485 Russia, 453 Brazil, 74 Tatry Mountains. See Tatra Mountains Somalia, 491 Tidghine (Morocco), 369 (Poland) Syria, 521 Tiega Plateau (Sudan), 507–508 Tatun Shan (Taiwan), 525 United Arab Emirates, 563 , 24, 26, 111, 113 Tau Island (United States), 578 Vanuatu, 587 “Tiger Leaping” Canyon. See Hutiaojian (Pakistan), 413 Venezuela, 589 Canyon (China) Taunus Mountains (Germany), 203 Vietnam, 595–596 Tigre River, 165, 430 (Turkey), 546, 549 Territories. See names of specific countries and Tigris River, 259, 260–261, 522, 548 Taveuni Island (Fiji), 185 territories Tihama Desert (Yemen), 601 Tawi-Tawi (The Philippines), 435 Terschelling Island (The Netherlands), 388 Plain (Saudi Arabia), 472, 474 Tawkar Delta (Sudan), 508 Tesiyn River (Mongolia), 365 Tikal National Park (Guatemala), 221 Tayabas Bay (The Philippines), 435 (Macedonia), 326 Tikopia Island (Solomon Islands), 489 Taylor Valley (Antarctica), 19 Texas (United States), 571 Tiladummati Atoll (Maldives), 338 (Russia), 455 Texel Island (The Netherlands), 388 Timah Hill (Singapore), 483 Taza Depression (Morocco), 369 Textile industry, in Madagascar, 330 Timber Tbilisi (Georgia), 201 Tha River (Laos), 306 Benin, 59 Tchigaï Plateau (Niger), 399 Thailand, 533–536, 534, 534t Bhutan, 64 Tebicuary River (Paraguay), 426, 427 (Pakistan), 414 Brazil, 78 Technology, and Israel’s economy, 268 Thale Sap Songkla (Thailand), 534, 535 Cameroon, 95 Tees River (United Kingdom), 566 Thames River (England), 566, 569 Canada, 101 Tegucigalpa (Honduras), 234 (Pakistan), 413 Colombia, 126 Tehran (Iran), 255, 258 Thanlwin River. See Salween River Comoros, 128 Tehulche Indians, 24 Thar Desert, 246, 247, 414 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 133 Tejo River. See Tagus River Thar Desert National Park (India), 247 Cuba, 148 Tekeze River, 177, 182 Thásos (Greece), 212 Ecuador, 167 Tel Aviv-Jaffa (Israel), 268 Thermal resources Equatorial Guinea, 176 The Tell (Tunisia), 544–545 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 69 Estonia, 180 Tell Atlas Mountains (Algeria), 8, 10 Cuba, 146 French Guiana, 195 Tell region (Algeria), 8, 10 Iceland, 240 Gabon, 197 Temburong District (Brunei), 80 Lake Hazen (Canada), 97 Grenada, 217 Temburong River (Brunei), 80 Portugal, 442 Guinea-Bissau, 227 Temengor Reservoir (Malaysia), 335 Turkey, 547 Latvia, 309 Temne, Sierra Leone, 482 United States, 575 Liberia, 315 Temperature. See Climate Thessaloníki (Greece), 213 Luxembourg, 324 Tempurung Cave (Malaysia), 334 Thessaly (Greece), 211, 212 Myanmar, 376 Tena Kourou (Burkina Faso), 85 Thimphu (Bhutan), 63, 64 Nepal, 386 Tenasserim River (Myanmar), 376 Thingvallavatn Lake (Iceland), 240 New Zealand, 394 Ténéré Desert (Niger), 400 Thíra (Greece), 213 Norway, 408 Tenerife Island (Spain), 500 Thirlmere Lake (England), 566 Palau, 416 Tengger Mountains (Indonesia), 249 Thistil Fjord (Iceland), 241 Papua New Guinea, 423 Tennessee (United States), 576 Thiu Khao Phetchabun Range (Thailand), 534 Paraguay, 427 Tenochtitlán (Mexico), 354 Thjórsá River (Iceland), 240 Peru, 432 Tensift River (Morocco), 369 Thjórsárver (Iceland), 240 Portugal, 443 Tenu River (Finland), 187 Thong Hai Hin. See Plain of Jars (Laos) Russia, 456 Tepes, Vlad, 449 Thousand Foot Falls (Belize), 56 Slovenia, 488 Terai region (India), 246–247 Thousand Hills Plateau. See Gunung Sewu Solomon Islands, 490 Teraina Island (Kiribati), 292, 293 Plateau (Indonesia) Suriname, 512 Teraja Lake (Brunei), 80 Thrace (Turkey), 546–549 Swaziland, 513 Terceira (Portugal), 442 Thracian Plain (Bulgaria), 82, 84 Switzerland, 520–521

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Uganda, 558 Tornadoes, in Kiribati, 293 Turks and Caicos Islands, 553 United States, 581 Torne River (Sweden), 515 Ukraine, 561 See also Forests Torneå River. See Tornio River (Finland) Vanuatu, 588 Timbué Point (Mozambique), 373 Torngat Mountains (Canada), 97 Venezuela, 593 . See Tombouctou (Mali) Tornio River (Finland), 187 Virgin Islands, 598 Timip River (Romania), 449 Torojaland (Indonesia), 250 Town Hill (Bermuda), 60 Timor Gap (East Timor), 163 Toros Dag˘lari. See Taurus Mountains Toxic gases, in Cameroon, 94 Timor Island, 162, 248, 250, 252 Torres Islands (Vanuatu), 587 Tozeur (Tunisia), 545 Timor Lorosa’e. See East Timor Torres Strait, 33, 422 Trade routes Timor Sea, 251 Torsa Chhu. See (Bhutan) Bahrain, 43

Timor Trough, 251 Torsa River (Bhutan), 63 Cuba, 144 Index Tinaca Point (The Philippines), 435 Tortola Island (British Virgin Islands), 79 India, 245 Tindore (Indonesia), 252 Tortuga Island (Haiti), 231 Iran, 254 Tinhosa Grande Islet (São Tomé and Príncipe), Torun Archipelago. See Turku Archipelago Japan, 276 471 (Finland) Mongolia, 364 Tinhosa Pequena Islet (São Tomé and Tosa Bay (Japan), 279 Oman, 410–411 Príncipe), 471 Tosan (Japan), 279 Panama, 420 Tioman Island (Malaysia), 335 Toulaman River (Dominica), 157 Poland, 438 Tiran Island (Saudi Arabia), 473 Tourism Trans Alai Mountains, 302–303, 527–528 Tiranë (Albania), 7 Andorra, 12 Transantarctic Mountains, 18–19 Tiris Zemrnour (Mauritania), 349 Anguilla, 16, 17 Transcaucasia Tirso River (Italy), 271 Antarctica, 21 Armenia, 28–29 Tisza River, 236, 237, 449, 604 Aruba, 30–31 Azerbaijan, 39–41 Titiwangsa Mountains (Malaysia), 334, 336 The Bahamas, 42 Georgia, 200–202 Tlemcen range (Algeria), 8 Barbados, 49 Transdanubia (Hungary), 235, 238 Toamasina (Madagascar), 329 Bermuda, 61 Transmigration, Indonesia, 253–254 Toba Kakar Range (Pakistan), 412 British Virgin Islands, 79 Transvaal Basin. See (South Africa) Tobacco, in Cuba, 148 Brunei, 81 Transverse Ranges (United States), 574 Tobol River (Kazakhstan), 286 Cape Verde, 102 Transverse Volcanic Range. See Cordillera Tobruk (Libya), 316 Cayman Islands, 104 Neovolcanica (Mexico) Tocantins River (Brazil), 74 China, 118 Transylvanian Alps, 448, 449, 602, 604 Tofo (Mozambique), 373 Colombia, 123, 124 Transylvanian Basin (Romania), 448 Tofua Island (Tonga), 539 Cyprus, 150 Transylvanian Plateau (Romania), 449, 450 Toghobeit Cave (Morocco), 369 Eritrea, 177, 178 Trarza (Mauritania), 348 Togo, 536–538, 537 Estonia, 179 Trás--Montes (Portugal), 441, 442 Togo Mountains (Togo), 537–538 Fiji, 185 Traunsee (Austria), 37 Tohoku ( Japan), 279 Gambia, 198 Treaties Tokachi Plain (Japan), 279, 280 Greece, 214 Antarctic, 18, 22 Tokai (Japan), 279 Grenada, 217 Indonesia and Malaysia, 251 (New Zealand), 391, 394 Guadeloupe, 219 Trees. See Forests; Vegetation Tokyo (Japan), 278, 279, 281 Ireland, 263, 264–265 Trincomalee (Sri Lanka), 504 Tokyo Bay (Japan), 279 Italy, 272 Trinidad and Tobago, 540–543, 541, 542t Toltén River (Chile), 113 Jamaica, 275 Trinity Hills (Trinidad and Tobago), 541 Tombouctou (Mali), 341 Japan, 279 Tripoli (Lebanon), 311 Tomini Gulf (Indonesia), 252 Jordan, 283 Tripoli (Libya), 318 Tonda Wildlife Management Area (Papua New Kenya, 292 Tripolitania (Libya), 316, 318 Guinea), 422 Maldives, 339 Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom), 568 Tone River (Japan), 278 Mali, 340 Trobriand Islands (Papua New Guinea), 422, Tonga, 538–540, 539, 539t Martinique, 347 423 Tonga-Kermadec Trench, 466 Mauritius, 352 Trollhätten Falls (Sweden), 515 Tonga Trench, 539 Mexico, 355, 357 Trøndelag Depression. See Trondheim Tongatapu Island (Tonga), 539–540 Micronesia, 358 Depression (Norway) Tongatapu Island Group (Tonga), 538–539 Mozambique, 372 Trondheim Depression (Norway), 405, 408 Tongjin River (Korea, Republic of), 298 Namibia, 381 Trondheim Fjord (Norway), 407 Tongjoso˘n Bay (DPRK), 296 Nepal, 385, 386 Troodos Mountains (Cyprus), 148, 149 Tongno River (DPRK), 295 Palau, 415, 416 Tropical rainforests T’ongnyonggul cave (DPRK), 295 Paraguay, 427 Brazil, 73, 77 Tongoa (Vanuatu), 587 Romania, 450 Colombia, 126 Tongsa Chhu. See Tongsa River (Bhutan) Saint Lucia, 463–464 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 129 Tongsa River (Bhutan), 63 Samoa, 466 Congo, Republic of, 135 (China), 119 San Marino, 469 Equatorial Guinea, 175 Tonle Basak River (Cambodia), 90 South Africa, 496 French Guiana, 195 Tonle Sap (Cambodia), 89, 91 Spain, 501–502 Guyana, 228 Tonle Sap River (Cambodia), 89 Switzerland, 521 India, 247 Tono River (East Timor), 163 Thailand, 535–536 Kenya, 291 Toranipata (Peru), 430 Tonga, 540 Malaysia, 336 Torkestan Mountains (Afghanistan), 2–3 Trinidad and Tobago, 543 Myanmar, 376

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 697 Geodata.book Page 698 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Nicaragua, 395 Tutong District (Brunei), 80 ’Unayzah (Saudi Arabia), 473 Nigeria, 403 Tutong River (Brunei), 80 Underground Palace. See Kosudonggul (Korea, Panama, 419 Tutuala Beach (East Timor), 163 Republic of) Papua New Guinea, 423 Tutuila Island (United States), 578 UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Program, Peru, 430 Tuul River (Mongolia), 365 Kenya, 291 Venezuela, 593 Tuvalu, 554, 554–555, 555t UNESCO World Heritage Sites. See World See also Rainforests Tuwayq Mountains (Saudi Arabia), 472–473 Heritage Sites Tropical storms Tuy River (Venezuela), 592 Union Island (Saint Vincent and the Anguilla, 17 Tuz Gölü. See Lake Tuz (Turkey) Grenadines), 464 Cayman Islands, 104 Tweed River (Dominica), 157 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.), Haiti, 231 Tweed River (United Kingdom), 567 453 Trucial Coast (United Arab Emirates), 562 Twelve Bens of Bennebeola (Ireland), 262 United Arab Emirates, 562, 562–564, 563t Truk Islands. See Chuuk Islands (Micronesia) Twyfelfontein (Namibia), 378 United Kingdom, 564–570, 565, 570t Truk Lagoon (Micronesia), 358, 359 Tyne River (United Kingdom), 566 Anguilla, 16–17 Truong Son Mountians (Vietnam), 594, 596 Typhoons Antigua and Barbuda, 22–23 Trziska Bistrica River (Slovenia), 488 Japan, 280 Bermuda, 59–61, 568 Tsaratanana Massif (Madagascar), 327, 329 Micronesia, 359 British Virgin Islands, 78–79, 568 Tsavo National Park (Kenya), 290 Palau, 416 Cayman Islands, 103–104, 568 Tsing’i Bemahara nature reserve (Madagascar), The Philippines, 434, 435 Jamaica, 273–275 328 Vietnam, 596 Maldives, 338 Tsiribihina River (Madagascar), 329 Tyre (Lebanon), 311 Turks and Caicos Islands, 552–553, 568 Hills (Botswana), 71 Tyrrhenian Sea, 269, 271–272 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Tsugaru Strait (Japan), 279 Cultural Organization. See UNESCO , in Japan, 279 United States of America, 570–581, 572, 580t U Tsushima Island (Japan), 279 Panama Canal, 418 Tuamotu Island (France), 193 Ubangi River, 105, 131, 134 Puerto Rico, 443–445, 571, 573, 577 Tubauai Island (France), 193 Ucayali River (Peru), 429, 430 Virgin Islands, 571, 577, 597–599, 598 Tubbataha Reefs National Marine Park (The Uchira Bay (Japan), 279 Unjon Plain (DPRK), 296 Philippines), 434 Udi Plateau (Nigeria), 402, 404 Uno (Guinea-Bissau), 225 Tugela River (Lesotho), 312 Ufipa Plateau (Tanzania), 531 Unst (United Kingdom), 568 Tuira River (Panama), 418 Ugab River (Namibia), 379 Upemba (DROC), 130, 132 Tumuc-Humac Mountains, 195, 510 Uganda, 555–558, 556, 557t Upolu Island (Samoa), 466–468 T¸unb al Kubrá. See Greater Tunb Island Uia Mountain (DROC), 130 Upper Congo (DROC), 131 (United Arab Emirates) Uinta Range (United States), 573 Upper Galilee (Israel), 266 T¸unb ap Nughrá. See Lesser Tunb Island (United Uisku˘r River (Bulgaria), 82 Upper Guinea, 222 Arab Emirates) Ujelang Atoll (Marshall Islands), 344 Upper Karabakh Canal (Azerbaijan), 40 Tundra U.K. See United Kingdom Upper Lough Erne (Northern Ireland), 566– Canada, 100 Ukerewe Island (Uganda), 558 567 Norway, 408 Ukraine, 558–562, 559, 561t Upper Pierce Reservoir (Singapore), 483 Russia, 456 Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia), 365, 367 Upper Rhine River (Switzerland), 519 Sweden, 517 Ulcinj (Yugoslavia), 604 Upper Sûre Lake (Luxembourg), 323 United States, 579 Uldz River (Mongolia), 365 Upper Volta. See Burkina Faso Tundzha River (Bulgaria), 83 Ulithi (Micronesia), 359 Uppland (Sweden), 516 Tunis (Tunisia), 543 Ullswater Lake (England), 566 Upsala glacier (Argentina), 25 Tunisia, 8, 543–545, 544, 545t Ullung-do (Korea, Republic of), 298 , 284–285, 451, 453 Tunulliarfik (Greenland), 215 Ullung Island. See Ullung-do (Korea, Republic Ural River, 284–285, 286, 454 Tunuyán River (Argentina), 26 of) Urban/rural population Tupinambarama Island (Brazil), 76 Ulrichen (Switzerland), 519 Armenia, 29 Turabo Valley (Puerto Rico), 444, 445 Ulu Dag˘ (Turkey), 546 Austria, 38–39 Lowlands, 285, 585 Ulúa River (Honduras), 233 Azerbaijan, 41 Turatao Island (Thailand), 535 Ulúa River valley (Honduras), 234 Bahrain, 44 Turba (Yemen), 600–601 Uluguru Mountains (Tanzania), 531 Barbados, 49 Turkey, 148, 150, 545–549, 547, 547t Ulungur River (China), 119 Belarus, 51 Turkmenistan, 549–552, 550, 551t Uluru Rock (Australia), 33 Benin, 59 Turks and Caicos Islands, 552–553, 553, 568 Ulysses (Joyce), 264 Brazil, 78 Turks Island Passage (Turks and Caicos Umbeluzi River. See Mbuluzi River (Swaziland) Bulgaria, 84 Islands), 553 Umboi (Papua New Guinea), 422 Cambodia, 91 Turku Archipelago (Finland), 188 Umbrail Pass (Switzerland), 519 Central African Republic, 107 Turkwel River (Kenya), 290 Ume River (Sweden), 515 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 132 Turneffe Islands (Belize), 56 Umm al Qaywayn (United Arab Emirates), 562 Costa Rica, 138 Turquoise reefs, in Samoa, 467 Umm an-Na’san (Bahrain), 43–44 Côte d’Ivoire, 142 Turrialba volcano (Costa Rica), 136 Umm as-Samjm Salt Flats (Saudi Arabia), 475 Cyprus, 150 Turtle Islands (Sierra Leone), 481 Umm Said (Qatar), 446, 447 Czech Republic, 152 Turtles, 409, 418 Umtalis (Zimbabwe), 609 Denmark, 155 (Italy), 272 Umvukwe Range (Zimbabwe), 609 Dominican Republic, 161 Tuscan plains (Italy), 272 Una River, 69, 143 Ecuador, 167 Tuscany (Italy), 271 Unare River (Venezuela), 590 Estonia, 180

698 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 699 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Fiji, 185 Singapore, 484 Valdés Peninsula (Península Valdés), 26 France, 194 Slovenia, 488 Valdivia (Chile), 114 Gabon, 197 Somalia, 493 Valira del Norte (Andorra), 12 Georgia, 201 Spain, 500 Valira d’ (Andorra), 12 Greece, 214 Swaziland, 513 Valira River (Andorra), 12 Haiti, 232 Taiwan, 526 Valles (Bolivia), 66 Hungary, 238 Tajikistan, 529 Valletta (Malta), 343 Iceland, 241 Thailand, 536 Valley of Roses (Bulgaria), 82 India, 248 Togo, 538 Valley of the Lakes (Mongolia), 365 Indonesia, 253–254 Tonga, 540 Valleys. See names of specific valleys

Iran, 258 Turkmenistan, 552 The Valleys (Andorra), 12 Index Ireland, 264 Tuvalu, 555 Vals Bay (South Africa), 496 Israel, 268 Uganda, 558 Vakhan corridor (Afghanistan), 2 Italy, 272–273 United Arab Emirates, 563 Van Asch Van Wijck Mountains (Suriname), Jamaica, 275 United Kingdom, 570 510 Japan, 280–281 Vanuatu, 588 Van Diemen Gulf (Australia), 34 Jordan, 283 Venezuela, 593 Van Gölü. See Lake Van (Turkey) Kazakhstan, 287–288 Yem en, 601 (Canada), 99 Kenya, 291 Zimbabwe, 611 Vangunu Island (Solomon Islands), 489 Kiribati, 294 Ürgüp (Turkey), 547 Vangvieng (Laos), 306 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, 297 Urubamba River (Peru), 430 Vanikolo Island (Solomon Islands), 489 Korea, Republic of, 299 Uruguay, 581–583, 582, 583t Vanua Levu (Fiji), 184, 185 Kuwait, 301 Uruguay River, 26, 76 Vanua Levu Island (Fiji), 185 Kyrgyzstan, 304 Urukthapel Island (Palau), 416 Vanuatu, 586–588, 587 Laos, 307 U.S. Virgin Islands, 571, 577, 597–599, 598 Varanger Fjord (Norway), 407 Latvia, 309 U.S.A. See United States River, 212, 325, 326 Lebanon, 311 Usambara Range (Tanzania), 530 Varde River (Denmark), 154 Lesotho, 313 Usk River (Wales), 566 Vardenis Mountains (Armenia), 28 Lithuania, 321 Ussari River (Russia), 454 Väster Gotland (Sweden), 516 Luxembourg, 324 U.S.S.R. (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), Västmanland (Sweden), 516 Madagascar, 330 453 Vasyugan’ye Swamp (Russia), 455 Malawi, 333 Ust-Urt Plateau, 285, 550–551, 584 Vatican. See Vatican City Malaysia, 336 Ustyurt. See Ust-Urt Plateau Vatican City, 269, 588–589, 589 Mali, 342 . See Ust-Urt Plateau Vatican Gardens (Vatican City), 588–589 Marshall Islands, 345 Usululi (East Timor), 162 Vatnajökull (Iceland), 239, 240 Mauritania, 349 Usumacinta River basin (Guatemala), 221 Vaupés River (Colombia), 124 Mauritius, 351 Utah (United States), 575 Vavu’u Island Group (Tonga), 538–539 Mexico, 356–357 Utah Lake (United States), 575 Vegetation Micronesia, 359 Utamboni River (Equatorial Guinea), 175 Afghanistan, 4 Moldova, 361 Utila Island (Honduras), 233 Albania, 6–7 Monaco, 363 Utma (Yemen), 601 Algeria, 10 Mongolia, 367 Utonai-ko (Japan), 278 Angola, 15 Morocco, 369–370 Utupua Island (Solomon Islands), 489 Anguilla, 17 Myanmar, 377 Uummannarsuaq (Greenland), 215 Antigua, 23 Namibia, 380 Uva Basin (Sri Lanka), 504 Argentina, 26, 27 Nepal, 386 (Mongolia), 364–365 Australia, 35 New Zealand, 394 Uzaym River (Iraq), 260 Austria, 38 Niger, 400 Uzbekistan, 583–584, 585, 585t The Bahamas, 42 Nigeria, 404 Uzun-Aral Strait, 285 Barbados, 49 Norway, 408 Barbuda, 23 Oman, 410 Belarus, 51 Pakistan, 414 V Belgium, 54 Palau, 416 Va’aifetu. See Mauga Fito Belize, 57 Panama, 420 Vaal River (South Africa), 496 Benin, 59 Papua New Guinea, 423 Vaalserberg (The Netherlands), 388 Bermuda, 61 Paraguay, 427 Vache Island (Haiti), 231 Bhutan, 64 The Philippines, 436 Vacoas-Phoenix (Mauritius), 351 Bolivia, 67 Portugal, 443 Vaduz (Liechtenstein), 318, 319 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 70 Qatar, 447 Vago Island (Denmark), 154 Botswana, 72 Romania, 451 Váh River (Slovakia), 485 Brazil, 77–78 Russia, 454, 457 Vailima (Samoa), 466 Brunei, 81 Rwanda, 459 Vaitupu Island (Tuvalu), 554 Bulgaria, 84 Saint Lucia, 463 Vaiusu Bay (Samoa), 467 Burkina Faso, 86 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 465 Vakhsh River (Tajikistan), 528 Burundi, 88 Samoa, 467 Vakuta (Papua New Guinea), 422 Cambodia, 91 San Marino, 469 Valanai Island (Sri Lanka), 504 Cameroon, 94 São Tomé and Príncipe, 471 Valdai Hills (Russia), 453 Canada, 100–101

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 699 Geodata.book Page 700 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Cape Verde, 102 Liechtenstein, 319 Virgin Islands, 598 Central African Republic, 107 Lithuania, 321 Yem en, 601 Chad, 110 Luxembourg, 324 Yugoslavia, 605 Chile, 114 Macedonia, 326 Zambia, 606, 608 China, 120 Madagascar, 327, 329–330 Zimbabwe, 611 Colombia, 122, 126 Malawi, 332 See also Forests Comoros, 127–128 Malaysia, 336 Veimandu Channel (Maldives), 337, 338 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 129 Maldives, 338 Veld. See Grasslands Congo, Republic of, 135 Mali, 341–342 Velebit Mountains (Croatia), 142 Costa Rica, 138 Marshall Islands, 345 Velebit National Park (Croatia), 144 Côte d’Ivoire, 139 Martinique, 346–347 Velika Kapela Mountains (Croatia), 142 Croatia, 143–144 Mauritania, 348–349 Velika Kapela peak (Croatia), 142 Cuba, 147 Mexico, 356 Velika Ljubuša (Bosnia and Herzegovina), 69 Cyprus, 149 Moldova, 361 Velika Morava River (Yugoslavia), 604 Czech Republic, 152 Mongolia, 366–367 Velika Plaza (Yugoslavia), 604 Denmark, 155 Morocco, 369 Velká Domaša Reservoir (Slovakia), 485 Dominica, 158 Mozambique, 373 Velky Litny Ostrov. See Great Rye Island Dominican Republic, 161 Myanmar, 376 (Slovakia) East Timor, 163 Namibia, 380 Vella Lavella Island (Solomon Islands), 489– Ecuador, 166–167 Nauru, 382 490 Egypt, 169–170 Nepal, 385–386 Venada Island (Nicaragua), 396 El Salvador, 173 The Netherlands, 389 Venetian Alps. See Eastern Alps (Italy) Equatorial Guinea, 175 New Zealand, 393, 394 Venezuela, 589–594, 590, 593t Eritrea, 178 Nicaragua, 397–398 Venice (Italy), 271, 272 Estonia, 180 Niger, 400 Venta River, 308, 320 Ethiopia, 183 Norway, 407–408 Ventuari River (Venezuela), 591 Fiji, 185 Oman, 409 Veracruz (Mexico), 355, 356 Finland, 188 Pakistan, 414 (The Philippines), 434 France, 193–194 Palau, 416 Verde River (Paraguay), 426 Gabon, 197 Panama, 419 Verkhoyansk (Russia), 456 Gambia, 199 Papua New Guinea, 423 Verkhoyanskiy Range (Russia), 453 Germany, 205–206 Paraguay, 427 Vermont (United States), 574 Ghana, 209 Peru, 431 Vesterålen (Norway), 406 Greece, 213 The Philippines, 435–436 Vestlandet. See West Country (Norway) Greenland, 216 Poland, 439 Vestmannaeyjar crater (Iceland), 241 Guadeloupe, 219 Portugal, 443 Vestur-Skaftafellssýsla (Iceland), 238 Guatemala, 221 Puerto Rico, 445 Vesuvius (Italy), 269 Guinea, 224 Romania, 450 Victor Emmanuel Range (Papua New Guinea), Guinea-Bissau, 226 Russia, 456–457 420 Guyana, 228–229 Rwanda, 459 Victoria (Seychelles), 480 Haiti, 231–232 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 465 Victoria Falls, 605, 607–610 Honduras, 234 Samoa, 467–468 Victoria Falls Reservoir (Sri Lanka), 503 Hungary, 237–238 San Marino, 469 (Canada), 99 Iceland, 240 Senegal, 477 Victoria Nile River (Uganda), 557 India, 244, 246–247 Slovakia, 486 Victoria Nyanza. See Lake Victoria Indonesia, 252–253 Solomon Islands, 490 Victoria Peak (Belize), 56 Iran, 258 Somalia, 493 Victoria Valley (Antarctica), 19 Iraq, 261 Spain, 501–502 Victory Peak. See Jengish Chokusu Ireland, 264 Sri Lanka, 504 (Kyrgyzstan) Israel, 267–268 Sudan, 509 Vidzeme Uplands (Latvia), 308 Italy, 272 Sweden, 517 Vienna Basin (Austria), 36, 38 Jamaica, 275 Switzerland, 520 Vientiane (Laos), 306 Japan, 280 Syria, 523 Vieques Island (Puerto Rico), 444 Jordan, 283 Taiwan, 526 Vieques Sound (Puerto Rico), 444 Kazakhstan, 287 Tajikistan, 528 Vietnam, 594–597, 595, 596t Kenya, 291 Tanzania, 529, 532 Vieux Fort (Saint Lucia), 463 Kiribati, 294 Thailand, 535–536 Vijosë River (Albania), 6 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, 296 Togo, 538 Vilnius (Lithuania), 320, 321 Korea, Republic of, 299 Tonga, 540 Vilyui River (Russia), 454 Kuwait, 301 Tunisia, 545 Viña del Mar (Chile), 114 Kyrgyzstan, 304 Tuvalu, 555 Vindel River (Sweden), 515 Laos, 306 Uganda, 558 Vindhya Range (India), 244 Latvia, 309 Ukraine, 561 Vinson Massif (Antarctica), 19 Lebanon, 311 United Kingdom, 570 Virgin Gorda (British Virgin Islands), 79 Lesotho, 313 United States, 579–580 Virgin Islands Liberia, 315 Vatican City, 589 British, 78–80, 79 Libya, 317–318 Vietnam, 596–597 United States, 571, 577, 597–599, 598

700 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 701 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Virgin Islands National Park, 598–599 Mexico, 352–353 Wakasa Bay (Japan), 279 Virgin Passage (Puerto Rico), 444 Myanmar, 374 Walachian Plain (Romania), 448, 450, 451 (United States), 576 New Zealand, 391 Walauwa Watta Wathurana (Sri Lanka), 504 , 130, 458 Nicaragua, 395–396 Waldviertel (Austria), 37 Visayan Islands (The Philippines), 434–435 Papua New Guinea, 421 Wales (United Kingdom), 564, 566–569 Visayan Sea, 434 Peru, 428 “The Wall” (Turks and Caicos Islands), 553 Visby (Sweden), 516 The Philippines, 433 Line, 251 Viscount Melville Sound (Canada), 99 Russia, 453 Wallaman Waterfall (Australia), 33 Vishakapatnam (India), 245 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 460 Wallis and Futuna (France), 193 Viskan River (Sweden), 515 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 465 Walloons, in Belgium, 54

Visoke (DROC), 130 Samoa, 466–467 Wamb River (Vanuatu), 587 Index Vistula River (Poland), 437–438, 439 Solomon Islands, 489 Wadj as Sirhan (Saudi Arabia), 472 Viti Levu (Fiji), 184, 185 Tonga, 539 Wami River (Tanzania), 531 Vitiaz Strait, 422 United Kingdom, 568 Wanerie River (Dominica), 158 Vitim River (Russia), 454 United States, 573–575 Wang River (Thailand), 534 Vitória (Brazil), 76 Vanuatu, 586–587 Wanganui River (New Zealand), 393 Vitosha Mountains (Bulgaria), 8 Volga River (Russia), 454 Warbah (Kuwait), 301 Vlad Tepes, 449 Volgograd (Russia), 454 Warburton-Diamantina River, 33 Vladivostok (Russia), 455, 456, 457 Volta Basin (Ghana), 207–208 Wars Vlašic´ Mountains (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Volta Delta (Ghana), 209 Afghanistan, 5 69 (Ghana), 208 Angola, 15 Vlieland Island (The Netherlands), 388 Volujak Mountain (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Bosnia and Herzegovina, 70 Vltava River (Czech Republic), 152 69 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 132 Vojvodina (Yugoslavia), 602, 604 Von Moltkeblick (Namibia), 379 East Timor, 162, 163 Volcán Barú (Panama), 417 Vopna Fjord (Iceland), 241 Eritrea, 176 Volcán Casita (Nicaragua), 395 Vormsi Island (Estonia), 180 Hungary, 235 Volcán Chiriquí. See Volcán Barú (Panama) Võrtsjar v. See Lake Võrts (Estonia) India, 242 Volcán Concepción (Nicaragua), 395 Massif (France), 191 Israel, 266 Volcán de San Miguel (El Salvador), 172 Vostok Island (Kiribati), 293 Jordan, 281 Volcán de San Salvador (El Salvador), 172 Vpadina Akchanaya (Turkmenistan), 550 Lebanon, 311 Volcán de San Vicente (El Salvador), 172 Vrana Lake (Croatia), 142 Maldives, 338 Volcán de Santa Ana (El Salvador), 172 Vrbas River (Bosnia and Herzegovina), 69 Marshall Islands, 344 Volcán Izalco (El Salvador), 172 Vulcano (Italy), 269 Pakistan, 411 Volcán Masaya (Nicaragua), 395, 396 Vysoké Tatry. See High Tatras Mountains Poland, 440 Volcán Misti (Peru), 428 (Slovakia) Warsaw (Poland), 438 Volcán San Cristóbal (Nicaragua), 395 Warta River (Poland), 438 Volcán Telica (Nicaragua), 395, 396 Wasatch Range (United States), 573 W Volcán Yucamani (Peru), 428 The Wash (England), 567, 569 Volcanic Highlands (Honduras), 233 Waal River (The Netherlands), 388 Washington, D.C. (United States), 580 Volcanic Plateau (New Zealand), 391–394 Waddenzee (The Netherlands), 388 Washington (United States), 574, 579 Volcano Islands (Japan), 279 Wadi al (Jordan), 281 Washington Island. See Teraina Island Volcanoes Wadi al Jayb. See Wadi al Arabah (Jordan) (Kiribati) Antarctica, 19, 21 Wadi Al-Ku (Sudan), 508 Wast Water Lake (England), 566 Antigua, 22 Wadi al-Malih (Yemen), 600 Water loss Argentina, 24 Wadi Azum (Sudan), 508 China, 118 Cameroon, 92–93 Wadi Bjshah (Saudi Arabia), 473 Lake Chad, 108, 110, 111 Chile, 112 Wadi Dahero Canyon (Yemen), 599 See also Desertification; Droughts Colombia, 122, 124 Wadi Hadhramawt (Yemen), 600 Water pollution Comoros, 127 Wadi Hajar (Yemen), 600 Azerbaijan, 40 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 130 Wadi Halfa (Sudan), 507–509 Congo, Republic of, 135 Costa Rica, 136 Wadi Howar (Sudan), 508 Gulf of Oman, 257 Djibouti, 156 Wadi Jahr (Yemen), 600 India, 244, 245 Dominica, 157–158 Wadi Mawr (Yemen), 600 Japan, 278 Ecuador, 164–165 Wadi Mawza (Yemen), 600 Myanmar, 376 El Salvador, 171–172 Wadi Rasyan (Yemen), 600 Pakistan, 413 Ethiopia, 182 Wadi Rima (Yemen), 600 Papua New Guinea, 421 Greece, 212 Wadi Rum (Jordan), 283 Persian Gulf, 257 Guadeloupe, 218 Wadi Sana’il (Oman), 409 The Philippines, 433, 434 Guatemala, 220 Wadi Sarhan (Jordan), 283 Venezuela, 591 Iceland, 238–239 Wadi Sihan (Yemen), 600 See also Pollution Indonesia, 249–250 Wadi Surdud (Yemen), 600 Waterberg Plateau (Namibia), 379 Italy, 269, 272 Wadi Tathljth (Saudi Arabia), 473 Waterfalls Japan, 276 Wadi Warazan (Yemen), 600 Argentina, 24, 26 Kenya, 289–290 Wadi Zabid (Yemen), 600 Australia, 33 Madagascar, 328–329 Wahiba Sands (Oman), 410 Belize, 56 Martinique, 346 Waikato River (New Zealand), 393, 394 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 130–131 Mauritius, 350 Wairau River (New Zealand), 393 Croatia, 143

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 701 Geodata.book Page 702 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Estonia, 179 Western Sahara, 368, 369, 370 Mozambique, 372 Guyana, 227 Western Samoa. See Samoa Myanmar, 376 Iceland, 240 Westerschelde (The Netherlands), 388 Namibia, 379 Laos, 306 Westman Islands (Iceland), 238, 240–241 Nepal, 385 Lesotho, 312 Westmoreland Plain (Jamaica), 275 The Netherlands, 388 Liberia, 314 Wetar (Indonesia), 252 New Zealand, 393 Malaysia, 335 (East Timor), 163 Nicaragua, 396 Mauritius, 351 Wetlands Nigeria, 403 Micronesia, 358 Albania, 6 Pakistan, 413 Namibia, 379 Argentina, 26 Palau, 415 Suriname, 511 Bangladesh, 46–47 Panama, 418 Swaziland, 512–513 Belarus, 50–51 Papua New Guinea, 422 Sweden, 515 Belgium, 53–54 Paraguay, 426 Switzerland, 519 Belize, 56 Peru, 430 Turkey, 548 Benin, 58 The Philippines, 434 Uganda, 557 Bolivia, 67 Poland, 438 Venezuela, 591 Botswana, 71, 72 Romania, 449 Zambia, 607–608 Brazil, 76 Russia, 455 Zimbabwe, 609–610 Brunei, 80 Rwanda, 458–459 Watford Island (Bermuda), 60 Cameroon, 94 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 461 Watumu (Kenya), 290 Canada, 98–99 Samoa, 467 Watzmann (Germany), 202 Chad, 110 Senegal, 476 Waziristan Mountains (Pakistan), 412 China, 119 Sierra Leone, 481 Weddell, James, 20 Colombia, 124 Slovakia, 485–486 Weddell Sea, 20, 21 Congo, Republic of, 134 Somalia, 491 Costa Rica, 137 (Switzerland), 518 Sri Lanka, 503, 504 Wellington (New Zealand), 394 Côte d’Ivoire, 139 Sudan, 508 Wellington Island (Chile), 113 Cuba, 146 Sweden, 515 Weser River (Germany), 204 Dominican Republic, 160 Syria, 523 West Antarctica, 18–19, 21 East Timor, 163 Tanzania, 531 West Bank, 266, 281 El Salvador, 172 Thailand, 535 West Bengal. See Bangla State (India) Eritrea, 177 Trinidad and Tobago, 541 West Caicos Island (Turks and Caicos Islands), Estonia, 179 Turkey, 548 553 Ethiopia, 183 Uganda, 557–558 West Country (England), 564, 566 Fiji, 184 Ukraine, 560 West Country (Norway), 405 Finland, 186, 187 United Kingdom, 567 West Falkland (United Kingdom), 568 France, 192 United States, 576 West Frisian Islands (The Netherlands), 388 French Guiana, 195 Uruguay, 582 West Germany, 206 Gabon, 197 Venezuela, 592 West Gotland. See Väster Gotland (Sweden) Germany, 205 West Island (Australia), 34 Ghana, 208 Yem en, 600 . See Ho Tay (Vietnam) Guatemala, 221 Zambia, 607 West Malaysia. See Peninsular Malaysia Guinea, 224 Wetlands of International Importance West River. See Xi Jiang (China) Guinea-Bissau, 225 India, 245 West Siberian Plain (Russia), 451, 455, 456, 457 Guyana, 228 Indonesia, 251 Westerly Desert (United Arab Emirates), 563 Haiti, 231 Iran, 257 Western Alps (Italy), 269 Honduras, 233 Japan, 278 Western Atlas Mountains. See High Atlas Hungary, 236–237 Mongolia, 365 Mountains (Morocco) Iceland, 240 Nepal, 385 Western Channel (Korea, Republic of), 298 India, 245 Pakistan, 413 Western Cordillera (Bolivia). See Cordillera Indonesia, 251 Panama, 418 Occidental Iran, 256–257 Papua New Guinea, 421, 422 Western Cordillera (Canada). See Canadian Iraq, 261 The Philippines, 434 Rockies Ireland, 263 Wexford Bay (Ireland), 263 (Egypt), 167, 170 Italy, 271 Wexford Slobs (Ireland), 264 Western Dvina River (Belarus), 51 Jamaica, 274 Whaling, in Antarctica, 20 (India), 243 Japan, 278 White Carpathian Mountains. See Bíle Karpaty Western Group. See Ralik Group (Marshall Latvia, 308 Mountains (Czech Republic) Islands) Liechtenstein, 319 White Lady rock painting (Namibia), 378 Western Hajar. See Hajar al-Gharbi (Oman) Lithuania, 320 White Mountains (United States), 574 Western High Plains (Nigeria), 402, 403 Malawi, 332 White Nile (Sudan), 506–507, 509 Western Islands (Micronesia), 358 Malaysia, 335 Badlands (United States), 575 Western Lowlands (Lesotho), 313 Mali, 341 , 455 Western Mountains (Nepal), 384 Mauritania, 348 River, 84–85, 208 Western Paraguay, 424 Mexico, 355 Wicklow Mountains (Ireland), 262 Western Plateau (Australia), 31–35 Moldova, 361 Wielkopolska-Kujawy Lowland (Poland), 437 Western Plateau Region (Kenya), 290 Mongolia, 365 Wielkopolski National Forest (Poland), 439

702 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Geodata.book Page 703 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Wildlife habitats Windstorms (DPRK), 295 Brunei, 80–81 Argentina, 27 River (India), 245 Côte d’Ivoire, 141 Iceland, 241 Yan River (Sri Lanka), 503 crocodile, 160 Saudi Arabia, 474 Yangt ze R ive r. See Chang Jiang River (China) Haiti, 230 Sierra Leone, 482 Yansang Bhanjyang (Nepal), 384 India, 245, 246 United Arab Emirates, 563 Yantra River (Bulgaria), 82 Indonesia, 251, 252–253 Yem en, 601 Yao chi L a ke. See Tianchi Lake (China) Iran, 258 Yap Islands (Micronesia), 358–359 Japan, 278 Grenada, 216–217 Yapacani River (Bolivia), 66 Laos, 305–306 Netherlands Antilles, 390 Yaque del Norte (Dominican Republic), 160

Madagascar, 327 Saint Lucia, 462 Yaque del Sur (Dominican Republic), 160 Index Mali, 342 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 464 Yaqui River (Mexico), 355 Mongolia, 363, 364, 365 Windward Passage (Haiti), 231 Yarlung Zangbo (China), 119 Nepal, 384, 385 Wingfield River (Saint Kitts and Nevis), 461 Yarmsk (Syria), 523 Pakistan, 413 Winter Highlands (Tanzania), 530 Yarmsk River (Jordan), 283 Papua New Guinea, 422 Wisconsin (United States), 573 Yarqon River (Israel), 267 Paraguay, 426 Wisla River. See Vistula River (Poland) Yasawa Group (Fiji), 185 Romania, 449 Witwatersrand (South Africa), 495, 498 Yasuni National Park (Ecuador), 167 Wildlife protection W.J. van Blommestein Lake (Suriname), 510 Yatsu-higata (Japan), 278 Antarctica, 20 Woleai (Micronesia), 359 Yavarí River (Peru), 430 Bangladesh, 47 Wollomombi Waterfall (Australia), 33 (Sierra Leone), 481 El Salvador, 172, 173–174 Wologizi Range (Liberia), 314 Yding Forest Hill (Denmark), 154 Estonia, 180 Wong Chhu. See Wong River (Bhutan) Yding Skovhoj. See Yding Forest Hill Gabon, 197 Wong Kadir (Brunei), 80 (Denmark) India, 242, 245, 247 Wong River (Bhutan), 63 Yell (United Kingdom), 568 Iran, 257 Woodlark Islands (Papua New Guinea), 422 Yellow Mountains. See Huang Shan (China) Lithuania, 321 World Bank, on Indonesia deforestation, 253 . See Huang He (China) Mozambique, 373 World Heritage sites Yellowstone National Park (United States), 574–575 Namibia, 379 Malaysia, 334 Yellowstone Plateau (United States), 574–575 Pakistan, 413 Panama, 419 Yem en, 599–602, 600, 601t Panama, 418, 419 The Philippines, 435 Yenisey River (Russia), 454, 455 The Philippines, 434 World War I, Hungary and, 235 Yepl River (Turkey), 548 Tanzania, 531 World War II Maldives, 338 Yialias River (Cyprus), 149 Thailand, 535 Marshall Islands, 344 Yin Shan (China), 117 Venezuela, 592 Poland, 440 Yo˘nghu˘ng Bay (DPRK), 296 Wilhelmina Canal (The Netherlands), 388 World Wildlife Fund, Gabon and, 197 Yo˘ngil Bay (Korea, Republic of), 298 Wilhelmina Gebergte (Suriname), 510 Wörther See (Austria), 37 Yo˘ngsan River (Korea, Republic of), 298 Willamette River (United States), 576 Wotje Atoll (Marshall Islands), 344 Yokohama (Japan), 278, 279 Willebroek Canal (Belgium), 53 (Cameroon), 94 Yol canyon. See Yolym Am (Mongolia ) Willis Islets (Australia), 34 Wrangell Mountains (United States), 574 Yolaina Mountains (Nicaragua), 395 Williston Lake (Canada), 98 Valley (Antarctica), 19 Yolym Am (Mongolia), 364 Wimbi Beach (Mozambique), 373 Wular Lake (India), 244, 245 Yom R ive r ( Thailand), 534 Wind energy Wutai Shan (China), 117 Yonbaek P lain (DPR K), 296 India, 248 Wye River (United Kingdom), 566 Yonne River (France), 191 Indonesia, 254 Wyoming Basin (United States), 573, 579 Yorke Peninsula (Australia), 34 Iran, 258 Yosemite Lake (United States), 575 Japan, 281 Ypané River (Paraguay), 426 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, X Yü Shan (Taiwan), 525 297 Xarayes swamps (Bolivia), 67 Yucatán Channel (Channel), 355 Mongolia, 367 Xi Jiang (China), 118 Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico), 352, 355, 356 Sri Lanka, 505 Xiangkhoang Plateau (Laos), 306 Yugoslavia, 602–605, 603, 605t Wind River Range (United States), 573 Xingu River (Brazil), 74 Yukon River, 98, 576 Windermere Lake (England), 566 Xizang Gaoyuan. See Plateau of Tibet (China) Yukon Territory (Canada), 97 Windhoek (Namibia), 380 Yuma, Arizona (United States), 579 Winds Yuna River (Dominican Republic), 160 Y Austria, 38 Yungas (Bolivia), 66–67 Bolivia, 67 Yabakei Gorge (Japan), 278 Yunnan-Guizhou plateau (China), 117 Burkina Faso, 85–86 Yablonovyy Range (Russia), 453 Israel, 267 Yacaré Norte River (Paraguay), 426 Jordan, 283 Yadé Mas sif. See Karre Mountains (Central Libya, 316 African Republic) Zagorje Hills (Croatia), 142 Liechtenstein, 319 Yaguas River (Peru), 430 , 255, 258, 259, 523 Switzerland, 520 Yaks, 384 Zaire. See Democratic Republic of the Congo United Arab Emirates, 563 (Jamaica), 274 Zákinthos (Greece), 212 Uruguay, 582 (China), 119 Zaltan Oil Field (Libya), 318 “Winds of 120 Days” (Afghanistan), 3 Yalu Jiang (China), 118 Zambales Mountains (The Philippines), 433

GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA 703 Geodata.book Page 704 Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM

Index

Zambezi Escarpment (Zimbabwe), 609 Zanskar (India), 244 Zhumulangma Feng. See Mount Everest Zambezi River Zanzibar (Tanzania), 531–532 Ziguinchor (Senegal), 477 Angola, 13 Zarga River (Jordan), 283 Zillertal Alps (Austria), 36 Botswana, 72 Zavadovski Island (Antarctica), 21 Zimbabwe, 609–612, 610, 611t Mozambique, 370, 372 Zayande River (Iran), 256 Ziz River (Morocco), 369 c Namibia, 379 Žemai ai Upland (Lithuania), 320 Zomba (Malawi), 331, 333 Zambia, 605, 607 Zemgale Plain (Latvia), 309 Zomba Mountain (Malawi), 331 Zimbabwe, 609–611 Zemplínska Reservoir (Slovakia), 485 Zufaf Island (Saudi Arabia), 473 Zambezi River Valley (Zambia), 606 Zeravshan River, 528, 583–586 Zambezia (Mozambique), 372 Zeya Reservoir (Russia), 454 Zufar Plain. See Dhofar Plain (Oman) Zambia, 605–608, 606, 608t Zêzere River (Portugal), 442 Zug Lake (Switzerland), 519 (The Philippines), 435 Zhambyl (Kazakhstan), 288 (Germany), 202 Zamora River. See Santiago River (Ecuador) Zharghat (Saudi Arabia), 475 Zuid-Willems Canal (The Netherlands), 388 Zanderij. See Hills Zhob River (Pakistan), 413 Zuider Zee. See IJsselmeer (The Netherlands) Zangezur Mountains (Armenia), 28 Zhu Jiang (China), 118 Zürichsee (Switzerland), 519

704 GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA