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Ecosystem Profile Madagascar and Indian

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Ecosystem Profile Madagascar and Indian ECOSYSTEM PROFILE MADAGASCAR AND INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS FINAL VERSION DECEMBER 2014 This version of the Ecosystem Profile, based on the draft approved by the Donor Council of CEPF was finalized in December 2014 to include clearer maps and correct minor errors in Chapter 12 and Annexes Page i Prepared by: Conservation International - Madagascar Under the supervision of: Pierre Carret (CEPF) With technical support from: Moore Center for Science and Oceans - Conservation International Missouri Botanical Garden And support from the Regional Advisory Committee Léon Rajaobelina, Conservation International - Madagascar Richard Hughes, WWF – Western Indian Ocean Edmond Roger, Université d‘Antananarivo, Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales Christopher Holmes, WCS – Wildlife Conservation Society Steve Goodman, Vahatra Will Turner, Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International Ali Mohamed Soilihi, Point focal du FEM, Comores Xavier Luc Duval, Point focal du FEM, Maurice Maurice Loustau-Lalanne, Point focal du FEM, Seychelles Edmée Ralalaharisoa, Point focal du FEM, Madagascar Vikash Tatayah, Mauritian Wildlife Foundation Nirmal Jivan Shah, Nature Seychelles Andry Ralamboson Andriamanga, Alliance Voahary Gasy Idaroussi Hamadi, CNDD- Comores Luc Gigord - Conservatoire botanique du Mascarin, Réunion Claude-Anne Gauthier, Muséum National d‘Histoire Naturelle, Paris Jean-Paul Gaudechoux, Commission de l‘Océan Indien Drafted by the Ecosystem Profiling Team: Pierre Carret (CEPF) Harison Rabarison, Nirhy Rabibisoa, Setra Andriamanaitra, Evah Andriamboavonjy, Patricia Ramarojaona, Narindra Mbolasoa Ramahefamanana (Consulting team - Madagascar) ; Luciano Andriamaro, Michele Andrianarisata, Harison Randrianasolo, Ando Rabearisoa, Andriambolantsoa Rasolohery, Jeannicq Randrianarisoa (Conservation International) ; Aurelia Labedan, Guy Rafamatanantsoa, Mathieu Souquet, Yannick Giloux, Vincent Florens, Yahaya Ibrahim, Gérard Rocamora (Equipe de consultants Biotope – Other Indian Ocean Islands) Team in charge of the Chapter on Key Biodiversity Areas and Ecosystem Services (KBA+): Rachel Neugarten, Miroslav Honzák, Hedley Grantham, Kellee Koenig, Max Wright, Luciano Andriamaro, Andriambolantsoa Rasolohery, Madeleine Bottrill, Andres Cano, David Hole, Daniel Juhn, Leonardo Saenz, Marc Steininger, Will Turner (Conservation International – Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International – Madagascar) Page ii Assisted by experts and contributors from the following institutions: Madagascar Wealth Accounting and the valuation of Ecosystem Services (WAVES) Direction Générale Eau Comité National sur la Gestion Intégrée des Zones Côtières Direction Générale de la Météorologie (GIZC) Direction Générale de l‘Environnement (DGE) Association Vondrone Ivon‘ny Fampandrosoana (VIF) Direction Générale des Mines Service d‘Appui à la Gestion de l‘Environnement (SAGE) Direction de Conservation de la Biodiversité et du Système Association RENIALA des Aires Protégées (DCBSAP) Groupe d‘Etude et de Recherche sur les Primetes (GERP) Direction Changement Climatique Madagascar National Parks (MNP) Direction de la Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles Moore Center for Science Vice Primature en charge du Développement et de Amphibian Specialist Group/IUCN l‘Aménagement du Territoire Madagascar Biodiversity Partnership (MBP) Laboratoire de Recherche Appliquée (LRA) Amphibian Specialist Group (ASG) Mauritius Reseau des Educateurs et Professionnels de la Conservation (REPC) Forestry Services Conservation International National Parks and Conservation Services (NPCS) Conservatoire Botanique de Brest Agricultural Research and Extension Unit (AREU) Fondation Tany Meva The Mauritius Herbarium WWF Madagascar Ministry of Fisheries The Peregrine Fund (TPF) Mauritius Oceanography Institute (MOI) Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales (DBEV)- UNDP-GEF Small Grants Faculté des Sciences MMCS BIOTOPE Madagascar Mauritian Wildlife Foundation Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) Reef Mauritius Projet Minier Ambatovy La Vallée de Ferney Alliance Voahary Gasy (AVG) BCM Ltd (Mauritius) Réseau de la Biodiversité de Madagascar (REBIOMA) BCM Ltd (Mauritius & Madagascar) L‘homme et l‘environnement Naturevolution Seychelles Association Vahatra Centre National de Recherches sur l‘Environnement Ministry of Environment and Energy (MEE) (CNRE) Project Coordinating Unit (UNDP/GEF/Gvt) Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG) Seychelles National Parks Authority (SNPA) Centre National de Recherche Appliquée au Island Conservation Society (ICS) Développement Rural (FOFIFA) Seychelles Islands Foundation (SIF) Association Nationale d‘Actions Environnementales Shark Research Foundation, Seychelles (SRFS) (ANAE) Artisanal Shark Fishers Association (ASFA) Kew Madagascar Conservation Center Marine Research Institute, Seychelles (MRIS) Departement de Biologie Animale (DBA)- Faculté des Nature Seychelles Sciences Plant Conservation Action group (PCA) ASITY Madagasikara TAGGS Madagascar Voakajy (MAVOA) Terrestrial Restoration Action Association of Seychelles Association du Réseau des Systèmes d‘Information (TRASS) Environnementale (ARSIE) Ministry of Environment and Energy (Praslin) Office National pour l‘Environnement (ONE) University of Seychelles Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust Sustainability for Seychelles (S4S) California Academy of Sciences (CAS) Port Glaud Environment Club (CBO) Institut National de la Statistique de Madagascar (INSTAT) Belombre Action Team (CBO) Fondation pour les Aires Protégées et la Biodiversité de Madagascar (FAPBM) Turtle Survival Alliance (TSA) Voahary Salama Blue Ventures p. i La Réunion, Mayotte, Iles Eparses Comores Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises (Iles Eparses) Direction Nationale de l‘Environnement et des Forêts Direction de l‘Environnement de l‘Aménagement et du Ministère de l‘Environnement Logement (DEAL) - Réunion Commissariat de l‘Environnement Brigade Nature de l‘Océan Indien Direction Générale de Tourisme Office National des Forêts CNDRS Parc National de La Réunion Syndicat des Pêches Comoriens Réserve Naturelle Nationale Marine de La Réunion PNUD/AFD Réserve Naturelle Nationale de l‘Etang Saint Paul Association de Développement Culturel de Maoueni Conservatoire du Littoral Itsandra Conservatoire botanique national de Mascarin Commissariat Général du Plan Insectarium Réunion ONG ULANGA Ngazidja Aquarium de La Réunion Direction Général du Plan et des statistiques Muséum d‘Histoire Naturelle de La Réunion - MHN Maison de Tourisme Muséum National d‘Histoire Naturelle de Paris – Direction Etat Major des forcées armés comorienne du Patrimoine Naturel Projet PNDH (FIDA/FEEM) Globice Projet de mise en place du réseau national d‘Aire protégée Vie Océane Chambre de Commerce, d‘Industrie d‘Agriculture et Kelonia d‘Artisanat Croix Rouge de La Réunion Direction de la pêche Ile de La Réunion Tourisme (IRT) Université des Comores Direction de l‘Environnement de l‘Aménagement et du ONG AIDE Logement - DEAL Mayotte ONG APG (protection du cœlacanthe) Comité départemental du tourisme de Mayotte Syndicat National des agriculteurs Chambre de Commerce et d‘Industrie de Mayotte PNUD Sociéte d‘études ornithologiques de La Réunion (SEOR) PNUD-GEF- Small Grants Program Agence Française de Développement (AFD) p. ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 6 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 11 2. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................. 14 2.1. Building on CEPF‘s Previous Investment ...................................................................... 14 2.2. Process and Approach to the Development of the Ecosystem Profile ........................... 17 3. BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE HOTSPOT ................................................... 21 3.1. Geography, Geology and Climate .................................................................................. 21 3.2. Biomes, Habitats and Ecosystems .................................................................................. 25 3.3. Species Diversity and Endemism: Terrestrial Biodiversity (Including Wetlands) ........ 28 3.4. Species Diversity and Endemism: Marine Biodiversity ................................................ 35 4. CONSERVATION OUTCOMES...................................................................................... 38 4.1. Species Outcomes .......................................................................................................... 39 4.2. Site Outcomes ................................................................................................................ 47 4.3 Conservation Corridors: Conservation Planning Units .................................................. 75 5. KEY BIODIVERISTY AREAS AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (KBA+) ................. 82 5.1 Importance of Ecosystem Services in Madagascar ........................................................ 82 5.2 Objectives, Methodology and Limitations ..................................................................... 83 5.3 Results ............................................................................................................................ 85 5.4 Conclusions .................................................................................................................. 100 6. SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE .....................................................................................
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