Bali Ocean Health Index Assessment 2017-2018

OCEAN HEALTH INDEX PLUS (OHI+) A Compherensive Assesment for Bali Healthy Ocean

Prepared By: OHI+ Bali Team

Presented by: Ir. Made Gunaja, M.SI Bali Government Marine & Fisheries Office

Ocean Talks, October 30, 2018 OUR TEAM MEMBERS

OCEAN HEALTH INDEX PLUS (OHI+) A Compherensive Assesment for Bali Healthy Ocean Ocean Talks, October 30, 2018 WHAT IS OHI?

The Ocean Health Index (OHI) is a tailorable marine assessment framework to comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate ocean health

The OHI measures progress towards a suite of key societal ‘goals’ representing the benefits and services people expect healthy oceans to provide. By analyzing these goals together and scoring them from 0-100, OHI assessments provide an integrated picture of the state of the ecosystem and can be communicated to a wide range of audiences.

OCEAN HEALTH INDEX PLUS (OHI+) A Compherensive Assesment for Bali Healthy Ocean Ocean Talks, October 30, 2018 WHAT IS OHI+?

OHI+ assessments are conducted by independent groups that use the OHI framework to measure ocean health in their regions, countries, states, and communities. The group is responsible for all aspects of the assessment, including decision, information gatherings, analysis, dan reporting.

Independent assessments use the same framework as the global assessments, but allow for exploration of variables influencing ocean health at the smaller scales where policy and management decisions are made. Goal models and targets are created using higher resolution data, indicators, and priorities, which produce scores better reflecting local realities.

OCEAN HEALTH INDEX PLUS (OHI+) A Compherensive Assesment for Bali Healthy Ocean Ocean Talks, October 30, 2018 WHY BALI OHI+ STUDY IS CONDUCTED FOR BALI SEA?

1. The Bali Sea has been used to support local communities since as early as the 11th century (with the development of Subak in 1072 AD). 2. Balinese people are dependent on healthy seas for both physical and spiritual well-being (part of the Nyegara Gunung, or Ridge to Reef concept). 3. The Government of Bali has recently issued Local Regulation/Perda No.11 / 2017 on Bendega (“fishermen” in Balinese). This policy protects the Bendega’s relationship with communities (Balinese concept of pawongan) and nature, including the sea (Balinese concept of palemahan). 4. The traditional Balinese understanding that the sea and land are innately connected and impact the health of the other, makes Bali an ideal model for sustainable landscape and seascape management. 5. The unique sociocultural tie between Balinese people and the environment (sea) is called Tri Hita Karana (THK) has been recognized worldwide with the THK Forum at the World Bank-IMF Meeting 2018. This is the basis of the OHI+ study for small island resilience and small island management and provides a mechanism to track progress over time.

OCEAN HEALTH INDEX PLUS (OHI+) A Compherensive Assesment for Bali Healthy Ocean Ocean Talks, October 30, 2018 OCEAN HEALTH INDEX PLUS (OHI+) A Compherensive Assesment for Bali Healthy Ocean Ocean Talks, October 30, 2018 WHAT GOAL ARE MEASURE IN OHI+?

OCEAN HEALTH INDEX PLUS (OHI+) A Compherensive Assesment for Bali Healthy Ocean Ocean Talks, October 30, 2018 HOW IS THE METHOD OF SCORING?

Scoring of goals are conducted through modelling of data on time series of 5 years minimum, where current future state will be assessed. Future state is a combination of current status, trend, pressure, and resilience, each with their own control to weigh on the given goal.

Complete information on how to conduct OHI+ independent assessments can be checked on http://ohi-science.org

OCEAN HEALTH INDEX PLUS (OHI+) A Compherensive Assesment for Bali Healthy Ocean Ocean Talks, October 30, 2018 HOW IS BALI OHI+ STUDY CONDUCTED?

• It started with the formation of the Bali OHI+ Technical Team, through the decree from the Head of Research and Development Center for Coastal and Marine Resources, number 53 / BALITBANG KP.2 / XII / 2016 Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries about the Implementation Team of the Ocean Health Index Pilot Study for Bali Seas. The team are from elements of government, private, higher education, and NGO.

• Since the team formation, 4 general member meetings has been conducted, as well as 16 technical meetings to finalize OHI+ concepts and discuss challenges and references to be used

• 9 goals has been resulted to give insight of the health of Bali sea

OCEAN HEALTH INDEX PLUS (OHI+) A Compherensive Assesment for Bali Healthy Ocean Ocean Talks, October 30, 2018 RESULT

OCEAN HEALTH INDEX PLUS (OHI+) A Compherensive Assesment for Bali Healthy Ocean Ocean Talks, October 30, 2018 RESULT • Data used in Bali OHI+ study are cross sectoral, especially from the Ministry of Fishery and Marine Affairs, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, and related agencies in Bali, and various academic researches.

• The Total score of Bali OHI+ is 51 out of a possible 100, meaning there is much room for improvement to achieve a healthy, sustainable ocean. A score of 100 represents a healthy ocean that provides maximum benefits to people now and into the future.

• We found at least there are 37 pressures and 19 resilience on Bali sea.

• Highest score is on the goal of Biodiversity, where inventory conducted shows that Bali is home to 935+ key marine species, and 38 of them are on the “Near Thretened”.

OCEAN HEALTH INDEX PLUS (OHI+) A Compherensive Assesment for Bali Healthy Ocean Ocean Talks, October 30, 2018 RESULT • Lowest score, 24, is obtained by the goal Carbon Storage. Critical marine ecosystem (Mangrove and Seagrass) for carbon sequestration in Bali has been decreasing. The lower the amount of carbon stored in this ecosystem, the higher the carbon released to the atmosphere, which is more or less will also impact global climate. Better attention for habitat conservation is needed for this sector.

• Generally, result of the study shows that some sectosr are doing relatively good, i.e. Coastal Protection, Food Provision, Sense of Place, and Tourism and Recreation.

• On the other hand, better attention is needed for Artisanal Fishery, Biodiversity, Clean Water, and Natural Products, where declining trends are projected for the future. It is an alarm for a better action.

OCEAN HEALTH INDEX PLUS (OHI+) A Compherensive Assesment for Bali Healthy Ocean Ocean Talks, October 30, 2018 RESULT

OCEAN HEALTH INDEX PLUS (OHI+) A Compherensive Assesment for Bali Healthy Ocean Ocean Talks, October 30, 2018 CHALLENGES

• This cross sectoral study in assessing the health of Bali sea is a new thing, thus synergy among institutions need to be improved for analysis and discussion on given goals.

• Consistency in monitoring in regard of time series, and better quality of data is essential for continuous assessment and evaluation of the health of Bali sea.

• Sufficient funding is an un-negligible part of the study, and is critical for future improvement.

OCEAN HEALTH INDEX PLUS (OHI+) A Compherensive Assesment for Bali Healthy Ocean Ocean Talks, October 30, 2018 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION • Score of 51 is a reflection of current health of Bali sea, assessed from current status and projected future condition. Score of OHI Bali does reflecting 2 things, an alert for stakeholders and improvement on data series availability

• Bali OHI+ is a pilot OHI study in Indonesia, by combining comprehensive, cross sectoral assessment, and is expected to be a model for other provinces in Indonesia.

• The assessment need to be continued to comply with clear justification and validation for improvement results

• It would not be a solution if assessment of the health of Bali sea is conducted individually, as the sea are ours and our responsibility together.

OCEAN HEALTH INDEX PLUS (OHI+) A Compherensive Assesment for Bali Healthy Ocean Ocean Talks, October 30, 2018 REFERENCES

• Halpern BS, Longo C, Lowndes JSS, Best BD, Frazier M, Katona SK, et al. 2015. Patterns and Emerging Trends in Global Ocean Health. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0117863 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117863

• Elizabeth R.Selig, MelanieFrazier, JenniferK. O'Leary, Stacy D.Jupiter, Benjamin S. Halpern, Catherine Longo, Kristin L. Kleisner, Loraini Sivo, Marla Ranelletti. Measuring indicators of ocean health for an island nation: The ocean health index for Fiji. Ecosystem Services. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.11.007i

• Elfes CT, Longo C, Halpern BS, Hardy D, Scarborough C, et al. 2014. A Regional-Scale Ocean Health Index for Brazil. PLoS ONE 9(4): e92589. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092589

OCEAN HEALTH INDEX PLUS (OHI+) A Compherensive Assesment for Bali Healthy Ocean Ocean Talks, October 30, 2018 THANK YOU

people need nature to thrive

OCEAN HEALTH INDEX PLUS (OHI+) A Compherensive Assesment for Bali Healthy Ocean Ocean Talks, October 30, 2018