Needs Assessment Growing the capacity and community of Salt Farmers in Amed Prepared by PLUS - Platform Usaha Sosial for William and Lily Foundation October 2018 Content About Amed The Blueprint ● Geographical location ● Background ● Natural resources ● Aspiration ● Tourist attraction ● The ecosystem ● The market About Amed Social Fabrics ● The production ● ● Demographic The Roadmap ● ● Livelihood Potential Support ● ● Religion and culture Potential Intervention ● Roles in family, economy and society About Amed Salt ● History ● Specialty ● Challenge ● Process ● Existing supports ● Seasons Part I About Amed The name Amed is believed to be derived from Balinese words “A” and “Med” which means ‘Not boring’. Geographical Location Amed, one of the subdistrict in Karangasem regency in the easternmost of Bali island, is 98 km (3-hour drive) away from Denpasar and 1-hour boat ride away from the Gili Islands in Lombok. Ame Karse, Aba BALI Ngu Ri Innil Air Denr LOMBOK Natural Resources Situated just 25 km from an active volcano - Mount Agung - Amed’s nutrient-rich soil is suitable for growing crops such as cassava and long beans. • The black sand makes Amed Beach so remarkably unique from other beaches. The sand’s color is due to the volcanic deposits in the coastal soil. It stays black year-round, a sharp contrast to the gold and white sand that hugs most of Bali’s coastline. • Meanwhile, the pristine water of Bali sea becomes the main material for one of Amed’s product, Amed Salt. • The reefs along the coast also attract divers and snorkelers. The water teems with various marine life. An aquatic adventure here will likely reveal tropical fish, sea turtles, coral gardens, and perhaps even the occasional shark. Tourism Industry Since 2012, there is an increase in number of tourists visiting Karangasem. Consequently, hospitality businesses such as food and accommodation are growing. Currently we have identified active 135 villas and 120 cafes in Amed. 18% 64% 31% 4% increase in number of all tourists in Bali growth in number of increase in number of cafes and visited Karangasem tourists2 of hotel and villas3 restaurants4 each year 5 Source: 1 From an article in https://www2.padi.com/blog/2017/11/09/7-best-dive-sites-bali/ 2 Data in 2017 compared to 5 years ago from https://karangasemkab.bps.go.id/publication/2018/08/16/f1bf896039fff9ab187cf3c5/kabupaten-karang-asem-dalam-angka-2018.html 3 Data in Karangasem district, compared to 5 years ago. Data derived from https://bali.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2018/03/07/274/jumlah-hotel-non-bintang-dan-akomodasi-lainnya-di-bali-menurut-kabupaten-kota-dan-kelompok-kamar-2000-2017.html 4 Data of 2017 in Karangasem district, compared to 5 years ago. Data derived from https://bali.bps.go.id/statictable/2018/04/13/87/banyaknya-restoran-dan-rumah-makan-dirinci-menurut-kabupaten-kota-di-bali--2012-2017.html 5 Data of 2017 derived from https://karangasemkab.bps.go.id/publication/2018/08/16/f1bf896039fff9ab187cf3c5/kabupaten-karang-asem-dalam-angka-2018.html Tourism Industry Approximately 10,000 tourists visit Amed each year1. Typical activities of a tourist visiting Amed include snorkeling, diving and hiking. Demographic Spending behaviour Activities and interest - Majority are coming from European - Average duration spent in Amed for - Nature beauty become the main countries, specifically France each tourist is about 1-3 days2 interest for tourists4 (25.45%)2 - Most of the tourists usually spend - Tourists are seeking for adventurous - Average age of tourists visiting Amed $110/day3 activities (kayaking, biking, hiking, is 26 - 35 years old2 snorkeling and diving) when they visit Amed5 What tourist said about Amed “We are staying in Amed for 3 nights and we loved it. Amed is a quite a place where you can relax and just look around. The beach is black sand which is something different but views are beautiful.” -Danae B. from Australia6 Source: 1 Data derived from https://bali.bps.go.id/subject/16/pariwisata.html#subjekViewTab3 2 Data derived from https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/pariwisata/article/download/41023/24874/ 3 Data derived from http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-01/14/c_136895101.htm 4 Data derived from https://www.planetware.com/tourist-attractions-/bali-ina-b-b.htm 5 Interest retrieved from https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attractions-g608478-Activities-Amed_Abang_Bali.html 6 Review retrieved from https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g608484-d4421988-Reviews-Amed_Beach-Karangasem_Bali.html Part II About Amed Social fabrics Demographic Amed salt-farming community is located in Purwakerthi village, Abang district, one of 8 districts under the administration of Karangasem regency. Population¹ Social Economy ● 396,000 residents ● 94% hindu ● 99% working ● 65% working age (15-64 years old) ● 3,796 place of worship ● 1,623 small and micro businesses ● 100+ families ● 15 tourist attraction ● 4 financial institutions ● Equal ratio of man and woman ● 33 high schools ● 5% posses higher education degree ● 12 public health centers (diploma & above) ● 3 hospitals ● Agriculture, transportation & hospitality are the top 3 industries with highest contribution Since there are no universities in the district, people who are interested in pursuing higher Religion and rituals play a key role in their They have more than one means of education go to universities in other region. life. They are always excited about generating income and are all embedded Some continue to work there for a few years upcoming big ceremonies. in their daily routines. before returning to their village. ¹All information in this slide refer to statistics in Karangasem regency in the year 2017 and is taken from BPS Statistics of Karangasem Regency Report. Link to report: https://karangasemkab.bps.go.id/publication/2018/08/16/f1bf896039fff9ab187cf3c5/kabupaten-karang-asem-dalam-angka-2018.html Demographic Looking at Karangasem regency’s population by age, there are fewer people aging 20-44 years old. The missing number might represent people who are studying or working outside of Amed and whom come back after a couple of years. We assume that this gap and exposure to other opportunities in other cities decreases their interest in salt-farming. Several cases of the youth leaving and coming back to Age proportions in Amed Amed People who lived outside Amed that we met: ● Bu Made Reni (Pak Suanda’s wife) worked and lived in Papua for two years prior to marrying Pak Suanda. ● Mita, (wife of a salt farmer) worked and lived outside Amed until 2 years ago. ● Wayan (Pak Suanda’s son) lives in Denpasar to study at the moment. ● Pak Telaga (a salt farmer)’s son currently works in the cruise, with the period of 8 months cruising and 2 months returning to Amed. ● Pak Ngetis (an ex-salt farmer)’s son currently works outside Amed as well. Chart data derrived from: https://karangasemkab.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2018/02/14/37/proyeksi-penduduk-kabupaten-karangasem-menurut-golongan-umur-dan-jenis-kelamin-2014-2017.html Livelihood The people of Amed live from the nature, they earn a living by working in agriculture and fishery, and tourism. The main profession of people Tourism in Amed is mostly related to Agriculture and tourism, such as concierge, fishery waiter, security, housekeeper, While farming and fishery are Villa owner guide, receptionist and other considered as seasonal Restaurant owner hospitality related profession. revenue stream, livestock Farmer They view tourism as a stable breeding is viewed as a Fisherman Waiters income source. Even though the mid-term investment or asset Livestock breeder Security majority are considered as blue for Amed’s people. Salt farming Villa keepers collar workers, there are a few Tour guides that got the opportunity to Receptionist become villa owner or working in a cruise ship. Livelihood People in Amed used to work as salt farmers, but most of them chose to sell their land and shifted to work in tourism. Only a few of them continue the salt farming tradition and work as salt farmers, as it is considered a labor intensive work. In addition, the people in Amed view tourism as a bigger and more stable income source. Currently there are 20 active salt farmers in Amed. Livelihood Typically, one household have more than one profession, and all of the duties are interwoven into their daily activities. Most of the time, it is a combination of agriculture and tourism. Pak Telaga is a salt farmer, owner of two villas, a small laundry and general store (warung) in Amed. Religion and Culture About 83.5% of Bali's population adheres to Balinese Hinduism, formed as a combination of existing local animistic beliefs and Hindu influences. Balinese Hinduism is deeply interwoven with art and ritual. It seeks harmony and balance. It also promotes self-control by ritualising, which is a notable feature of religious expression among the people. Religion and Culture Religion and culture play key roles in their life and it is something they care about. There are daily rituals, at least one periodical monthly rituals (such as Kajeng Kliwon and Melasti), and big ceremonies (such as Nyepi and Ngaben). Each of the family members have their own role in religious activities and also to preserve the tradition. Women prepare offerings for Regular gamelan Pray in the Daily offering for Gods (canang), the children are involved in playing practice temple daily prayers gamelan music or traditional dance as their tribute to Gods, and some men generally take role as the guardian of the temple. Roles “We cannot live only for ourselves. A thousand fibers connect us with our fellow men.” - Herman Melville In this section, we will share about how children, youth, men and women in Amed live in their roles and how they are contributing to their family, economy and society. Roles of children Roles - Children To get a snapshot of the children’s role in the society, we conducted two interactive activities in PAUD (Early Childhood Education Program) while observing the interaction between the children.