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Home , Amed (Bali), Bali Aga, Rumoh Aceh, Sundanese people

ABSTRACT COMPILATION I n t e r n a t i o n a l S e m i n a r o n V e r n a c u l a r ISVS-8Settlements 2016 Gowa Campus- Hasanuddin University, Makassar-INDONESIA, October 20th-22nd, 2016

International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements CONVERSATION WITH THE SEA:People, Place and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlements October 20th–22nd, 2016, Gowa- Makassar, Indonesia

Welcome to Makassar …

We wish all participants will find this seminar intellectually beneficial as well as fascinating and looking forward to meeting you all again in future seminars

ISVS-8

CONVERSATION WITH THE SEA People, Place and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlements

Seminar COMMITTEE Department of Architecture Hasanuddin University

CONTENT

Content ...... i Seminar Schedule ...... vi Rundown Seminar ...... viii Parallel Session Schedule ...... ix Abstract Compilation ...... xvii

Theme: The Vernacular and the Idea of “Global”

1. Change in Vernacular Architecture of Goa: Influence of changing priorities from traditional sustainable culture to Global Tourism, by Barsha Amarendra and Amarendra Kumar Das ...... 1 2. Emper : Form, Function, And Meaning Of Terrace On Eretan Kulon Fisher Village’s Houses In Indramayu Regency, West Java, Indonesia by Erisa Weri Nydia ...... 2 3. The Sea around “Alor Kecil” Vernacular Society: A Critical Threshold for Ecological and Cultural Survival by Klara Puspa Indrawati ...... 3 4. Dwelling Culture To The Spatial Configuration Of Mariso Waterfront Settlement by Edward Syarif ...... 4 5. Local Knowledge As a Basis For Living Space-Forming Of Central Sulawesi Aquatic Region by Ahda Mulyati, Nindyo Soewarno, Arya Ronald, Ahmad Sarwadi ...... 5 6. Conversations with the Sea:Barastis, Fishing Huts and the Ocean Villas of Bahrain by Ranjith Dayaratne ...... 6 7. Tourism And The Interruption With The Morphology of Bali Aga's Architecture of The Karangasem Regency by I Nyoman Susanta, Gusti Ayu Made Suartika ...... 7 8. Journeys in the Cultural Landscapes of Okhamandal in Gujarat, India: An Ecological Model for Heritage Conservation by Heena Gajjar, Amita Sinha ...... 8

Theme: The Disappearance of Coastal Vernacular Settlements and Its Challenge

1. The Cultural Influence on Living Preference in Lanting House, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia by Dahliani, Purwanita Setijanti, Ispurwono Soemarno ...... 9 2. Vernacular Maritime Tower Houses of Kozbeyli Village in Phocaea (Western Turkey) by N.Ebru Karabag Aydeniz, Sergio Taddonio, Gülnur Ballice, Emre Can Esenalp...... 10 3. Re-articulation of Indigenous Bajo In Build Homes Case Village Kabalutan, by Zaenal Siradjuddin, Andi Rachmatullah ...... 11 4. Shrinkage of Urban Vernacular Maritime Culture in Muntok, Bangka Island by Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan, Muhammad Naufal Fadhil, Sutanrai Abdilah ...... 12 5. Domestic Architecture: The Character of the Lum’s House in Bangka Island by Gun Faisal, Dimas Wihardianto, Yohannes Firzal ...... 13 6. Transformed Seabed of the Sama Bajau by Toga H. Pandjaitan, Albertus Bobby W...... 14 7. Representative House Concerning With the Environment and Community Activities at Aeng Batu Coastal Village, North Galesong,Takalar, South Sulawesi by Idawarni Asmal, Mukti Ali, Samsuddin Amin ...... 15 8. The Swahili Coast, a Cosmopolitan Enclave in East Africa by Mamdouh Sakr, Marwa Dabaieh ...... 16 9. The Syncretism of Maritime Urbanism and Theatre State in Indonesia 1500 - 1700: Banda Aceh and Demak by Bagoes Wiryomartono ...... 17

Theme: Imagining the Sea: Ideals and Reality

1. Topophobic Vernacular: The Acehnese House and Its Maritime Connections by Julie Nichols; Muhammad Naufal Fadhil ...... 18 2. Transformation in Building Crafts – A Study of Coastal Region Houses of Mangrol by Kinjal Sheth ...... 19 3. A Conversation with the Sea in Ancient Hinterland Architecture in Indonesia by Rahadhian Prajudi...... 20 4. Architecture And Socio-Cultural Life: Redefining Malay Settlement on the east coast of Sumatera by Yohannes FIRZAL, Gun FAISAL ...... 21

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5. Transformation of Bajau Tribe from Nomad to Sedentary, Case Study Sama Bahari Village, Wakatobi by Ade Amelia, Albertus Bobby, Rendy Primrizqi ...... 22 6. The Dutch Colonial Engineers’ Vision of Water and Technology and its Relations to the Settlements in Batavia by Yulia Nurliani Lukito ...... 23 7. Urban Waterfront Development in Sunda Kelapa Harbor Area, North Jakarta by Monique Vashti, John Fredy Bobby Saragih ...... 24

Theme: Constructing the Future of Vernacular Settlements

1. Cataloging and constructing a vernacular hybrid habitat by Martin Anzellini Garcia-Reyes ...... 25 2. The Future Vernacular Settlement in Micro Islands: Pulau Pramuka, Archipelagic Region of Pulau Panggang, North Kepulauan Seribu by Nana Sebastian, Rini Suryantini ...... 26 3. Invisible Links Between Two Coasts: Greek Residents of a Turkish Village by Süreyya Topaloğlu...... 27 4. Musi River Estuary Settlement on The Move by Setyo Nugroho, Husnul Hidayat ...... 28 5. Characteristics Territorial Of Tamping Room Of Buginese Aristocrats Traditional Houses In Bone South Sulawesi by Andi Akbar, Ananto Yudono, Ria Wikantari, Mochsen Sir ...... 29 6. Reflection on Participatory Cultural Mapping and Designing a Learning Center for Baan Krut Neighborhood, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand by Supitcha Tovivich ...... 30 7. Building Transformation at Kampong Mahmud, A Traditional Village at Citarum River’s Bank by Nurtati Soewarno, Eggi Septianto, Irfan S. Hasim ...... 31 8. Conversation Between Trade and Mysticism Exercising Design as Mediator to Link Economic and Culture in Kampung Batik Trusmi Cirebon by Agus S. Ekomadyo, Tyas Santri, Hafiz AlMubarok , Idhar Resmadi ... 32 9. Sustainable Design Development Conflicts & Communities Settlement, A Case of innovative Emergency Responsive Shelter for IDP’s, Sheikh iv

Shahzad Camp Mardan, Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa, Pakistan by Ar. Mir Wali Shah, Ar. Azmat Ali Khan, Iftikhar Ali, Manzoor Ali Shah, Qasim Ali Shah, Shumaila Hanif, Laila-Shah, Arshad-Shah ...... 33 10. Technological Structure of the Coastal Area For Constructing the Future of Vernacular Settlements in Makassar by Naidah Naing, Abd. Karim Hadi, Asdar Djamereng...... 34

International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements CONVERSATION WITH THE SEA:People, Place and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlements October 20th–22nd, 2016, Gowa- Makassar, Indonesia

Seminar Time Schedule

1st day, 20th October 2016 08.00-09.00 Registration

09.00–09.30 Opening ceremony Welcome Speech 09.30-10.00 City mayor of Makassar Keynote Speaker 1 10.00–10.45 Tay Kheng Soon 10.45–11.00 Coffee Break 11.00–12.00 Parallel Session 1

12.00–13.00 Lunch

13.00–14.30 Parallel Session 2 City Tour  Longgar (Garden Alley) 14.30–18.00  Paotere Traditional Harbour  Fort Rotterdam  Sunset at Losari Beach

International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements CONVERSATION WITH THE SEA:People, Place and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlements October 20th–22nd, 2016, Gowa- Makassar, Indonesia

Welcome Diner 19.30–22.00 “Rujab” City Mayor of Makassar

2nd day, 21st October 2016 08.00-08.30 Registration

08.30–09.00 Meeting ISVS - Keynote Speakers 2 09.00-09.45 Prof. Alexander Cuthbert 09.45–10.00 Coffee Break 10.00–11.45 - Public Lecture by Prof. Alexander Cuthbert 11.45–13.00 Lunch

13.00–14.00 Conclussion of Seminar and Announcement of 9thISVS

14.00–14.30 Closing Ceremony

14.30- Field trip Bira Bulukumba

vii

International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements CONVERSATION WITH THE SEA:People, Place and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlements October 20th–22nd, 2016, Gowa- Makassar, Indonesia

Welcome to Makassar …

We wish all participants will find this seminar intellectually beneficial as well as fascinating and looking forward to meeting you all again in future seminars

ISVS-8

CONVERSATION WITH THE SEA People, Place and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlements

Seminar COMMITTEE Department of Architecture Hasanuddin University

CONTENT

Content ...... i Seminar Schedule ...... vi Rundown Seminar ...... viii Parallel Session Schedule ...... ix Abstract Compilation ...... xvii

Theme: The Vernacular and the Idea of “Global”

Theme: The Disappearance of Coastal Vernacular Settlements and Its Challenge

1. The Cultural Influence on Living Preference in Lanting House, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia by Dahliani, Purwanita Setijanti, Ispurwono Soemarno ...... 9 2. Vernacular Maritime Tower Houses of Kozbeyli Village in Phocaea (Western Turkey) by N.Ebru Karabag Aydeniz, Sergio Taddonio, Gülnur Ballice, Emre Can Esenalp ...... 10 3. Re-articulation of Indigenous Bajo In Build Homes Case Village Kabalutan, by Zaenal Siradjuddin, Andi Rachmatullah ...... 11 4. Shrinkage of Urban Vernacular Maritime Culture in Muntok, Bangka Island by Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan, Muhammad Naufal Fadhil, Sutanrai Abdilah ...... 12 5. Domestic Architecture: The Character of the Lum’s House in Bangka Island by Gun Faisal, Dimas Wihardianto, Yohannes Firzal ...... 13 6. Transformed Seabed of the Sama Bajau by Toga H. Pandjaitan, Albertus Bobby W...... 14 7. Representative House Concerning With the Environment and Community Activities at Aeng Batu Coastal Village, North Galesong,Takalar, South Sulawesi by Idawarni Asmal, Mukti Ali, Samsuddin Amin ...... 15 8. The Swahili Coast, a Cosmopolitan Enclave in East Africa by Mamdouh Sakr, Marwa Dabaieh ...... 16 9. The Syncretism of Maritime Urbanism and Theatre State in Indonesia 1500 - 1700: Banda Aceh and Demak by Bagoes Wiryomartono ...... 17

Theme: Imagining the Sea: Ideals and Reality

1. Topophobic Vernacular: The Acehnese House and Its Maritime Connections by Julie Nichols; Muhammad Naufal Fadhil ...... 18 2. Transformation in Building Crafts – A Study of Coastal Region Houses of Mangrol by Kinjal Sheth ...... 19 3. A Conversation with the Sea in Ancient Hinterland Architecture in Indonesia by Rahadhian Prajudi ...... 20 4. Architecture And Socio-Cultural Life: Redefining Malay Settlement on the east coast of Sumatera by Yohannes FIRZAL, Gun FAISAL ...... 21

iii

Theme: Constructing the Future of Vernacular Settlements

1. Cataloging and constructing a vernacular hybrid habitat by Martin Anzellini Garcia-Reyes ...... 26 2. The Future Vernacular Settlement in Micro Islands: Pulau Pramuka, Archipelagic Region of Pulau Panggang, North Kepulauan Seribu by Nana Sebastian, Rini Suryantini ...... 27 3. Invisible Links Between Two Coasts: Greek Residents of a Turkish Village by Süreyya Topaloğlu ...... 28 4. Musi River Estuary Settlement on The Move by Setyo Nugroho, Husnul Hidayat ...... 29 5. Characteristics Territorial Of Tamping Room Of Buginese Aristocrats Traditional Houses In Bone South Sulawesi by Andi Akbar, Ananto Yudono, Ria Wikantari, Mochsen Sir ...... 30 6. Reflection on Participatory Cultural Mapping and Designing a Learning Center for Baan Krut Neighborhood, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand by Supitcha Tovivich ...... 31 7. Building Transformation at Kampong Mahmud, A Traditional Village at Citarum River’s Bank by Nurtati Soewarno, Eggi Septianto, Irfan S. Hasim ...... 32

8. Conversation Between Trade and Mysticism Exercising Design as Mediator to Link Economic and Culture in Kampung Batik Trusmi Cirebon by Agus S. Ekomadyo, Tyas Santri, Hafiz AlMubarok , Idhar Resmadi ... 33 9. Sustainable Design Development Conflicts & Communities Settlement, A Case of innovative Emergency Responsive Shelter for IDP’s, Sheikh Shahzad Camp Mardan, Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa, Pakistan by Ar. Mir Wali Shah, Ar. Azmat Ali Khan, Iftikhar Ali, Manzoor Ali Shah, Qasim Ali Shah, Shumaila Hanif, Laila-Shah, Arshad-Shah ...... 34

International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements CONVERSATION WITH THE SEA:People, Place and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlements October 20th–22nd, 2016, Gowa- Makassar, Indonesia

Seminar Time Schedule

1st day, 20th October 2016 08.00-09.00 Registration

09.00–09.30 Opening ceremony Welcome Speech 09.30-10.00 City mayor of Makassar Keynote Speaker 1 10.00–10.45 Prof. Alexander Cuthbert 10.45–11.00 Coffee Break 11.00–12.00 Parallel Session 1

12.00–13.00 Lunch

13.00–14.30 Parallel Session 2 City Tour  Longgar (Garden Alley) 14.30–18.00  Paotere Traditional Harbour  Fort Rotterdam  Sunset at Losari Beach

International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements CONVERSATION WITH THE SEA:People, Place and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlements October 20th–22nd, 2016, Gowa- Makassar, Indonesia

Welcome Diner 19.30–22.00 “Rujab” City Mayor of Makassar

2nd day, 21st October 2016 08.00-09.00 Registration

08.30–09.00 Meeting ISVS - Keynote Speakers 2 09.00-09.45 Tay Kheng Soon 09.45–10.00 Coffee Break -Parallel Session 3 10.00–11.15 -Public Lecture by Prof. Alexander Cuthbert 11.15–13.00 Lunch

13.00–14.00 Conclussion of Seminar and Announcement of 9thISVS

14.00–14.30 Closing Ceremony

14.30- Field trip Bira Bulukumba

vii

PARALELL SESSION SCHEDULE

PARALLEL SESSION 1(11.00-12.00 AM) THEME ROOM AUTHOR TITLE MODERATOR Change in Vernacular Architecture of Barsha Amarendra, Goa: Influence of changing priorities Amarendra Kumar Das from traditional sustainable culture to Global Tourism The Emper : Form, Function, And Meaning Vernacular Of Terrace On Eretan Kulon Fisher Ranjith ROOM 1 Erisa Weri Nydia and the idea Village’s Houses In Indramayu Dayaratne of “Global” Regency, West Java, Indonesia and Prayush The Sea around “Alor Kecil” Shankar Vernacular Society: A Critical Klara Puspa Indrawati Threshold for Ecological and Cultural Survival

Dwelling Culture To The Spatial

Edward Syarif Configuration Of Mariso Waterfront

Settlement

PARALLEL SESSION 1(11.00-12.00 AM) THEME ROOM AUTHOR TITLE MODERATOR

Bagoes Wiryomartono The Syncretism of Maritime Urbanism and Theatre State in Indonesia 1500 - 1700: Banda Aceh and Demak The N.Ebru Karabag Aydeniz, Vernacular Maritime Tower Houses of Disappearance Sergio Taddonio, Kozbeyli Village in Phocaea (Western of Coastal Gülnur Ballice, Hifsiye Pulhan Turkey) Vernacular ROOM 2 Emre Can Esenalp and Johannes Settlements Widodo and Its Zaenal Siradjuddin, Andi Re-articulation of Indigenous Bajo In Build Challenge Rachmatullah Homes Case Village Kabalutan Gun Faisal, Domestic Architecture: The Character of Dimas Wihardianto, the Lum’s House in Bangka Island Yohannes Firzal

PARALLEL SESSION 1(11.00-12.00 AM) THEME ROOM AUTHOR TITLE MODERATOR Urban Waterfront Development in Monique Vashti, John Sunda Kelapa Harbor Area, North Fredy Bobby Saragih Jakarta

Transformation in Building Crafts – A Study Kinjal Sheth of Coastal Region Houses of Mangrol Lai Chee Kien and Yulia Imagining the A Conversation with the Sea in Ancient Nurliani Sea: Ideals Rahadhian Prajudi ROOM 3 Hinterland Architecture in Indonesia and Reality

Architecture And Socio-Cultural Life: Yohannes FIRZAL, Redefining Malay Settlement on the east Gun FAISAL coast of Sumatera

PARALLEL SESSION 2 (13.00-14.00 AM) THEME ROOM AUTHOR TITLE MODERATOR Ahda Mulyati; Nindyo Local Knowledge As a Basis For Living Soewarno; Arya Ronald, Space-Forming Of Central Sulawesin Ahmad Sarwadi Aquatic Region The Conversations with the Sea:Barastis, Vernacular Ranjith Dayaratne ROOM 1 Fishing Huts and the Ocean Villas of Ranjith and the idea Bahrain of “Global” Dayaratne I Nyoman Susanta, Gusti The Architecture Three Bali-Aga and Prayush Ayu Made Suartika Villages In The District Of Karangasem Shankar

Heena Gajjar, Amita Journeys in the Cultural Landscapes of Sinha Okhamandal in Gujarat, India: An

Ecological Model for Heritage Conservation

PARALLEL SESSION 2 (13.00-14.00 AM) THEME ROOM AUTHOR TITLE MODERATOR

Toga H. Pandjaitan; Transformed Seabed of the Sama Albertus Bobby W. Bajau

The Representative House Concerning Disappearance Idawarni Asmal, Mukti With the Environment and of Coastal Ali, Samsuddin Amin Community Activities at Aeng Batu Hifsiye Pulhan Vernacular ROOM 2 Coastal Village, North and Johannes Settlements Galesong,Takalar, South Sulawesi Widodo and Its Mamdouh Sakr, Marwa The Swahili Coast, a Cosmopolitan Challenge Dabaieh Enclave in East Africa The Cultural Influence on Living Dahliani, Preference in Lanting House, Purwanita Setijanti, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Ispurwono Soemarno Indonesia

PARALLEL SESSION 2 (13.00-14.00 AM) THEME ROOM AUTHOR TITLE MODERATOR Martin Anzellini Garcia- Cataloging and constructing a vernacular Reyes hybrid habitat The Future Vernacular Settlement in Micro Nana Sebastian, Islands: Pulau Pramuka, Archipelagic Rini Suryantini Region of Pulau Panggang, North Kepulauan Seribu M. Nanda Constructing Widyarta and the Future of Invisible Links Between Two Coasts: Greek Sutrisno ROOM 3 Süreyya Topaloğlu Vernacular Residents of a Turkish Village Mortiyoso Settlements

Setyo Nugroho, Musi River Estuary Settlement on The Husnul Hidayat Move

Nurtati Soewarno, Building Transformation at Kampong Eggi Septianto, Mahmud, A Traditional Village at Citarum Irfan S. Hasim River’s Bank

PARALLEL SESSION 3(11.00-12.00 AM) THEME ROOM AUTHOR TITLE MODERATOR Ade Amelia, Albertus Transformation of Bajau Tribe from Bobby, Rendy Primrizqi Nomad to Sedentary, Case Study Sama Bahari Village, Wakatobi Naidah Naing; Abd. Karim Technological structure of the Coastal Imagining the Hadi, MSc; Asdar Area For Constructing the Future of Sea: Ideals ROOM 1 Djamereng Vernakuler Settlements in Makassar and Reality The Dutch Colonial Engineers’ Vision Lai Chee Kien and Yulia of Water and Technology and its Yulia Nurliani Lukito Nurliani Relations to the Settlements in Batavia

Julie Nichols; Topophobic Vernacular: The Acehnese Muhammad Naufal House and Its Maritime Connections Fadhil

PARALLEL SESSION 3(11.00-12.00 AM) THEME ROOM AUTHOR TITLE MODERATOR Andi Akbar, Ananto Characteristics Territorial Of Tamping Yudono, Ria Wikantari, Room Of Buginese Aristocrats Mochsen Sir Traditional Houses In Bone South Sulawesi Reflection on Participatory Cultural Supitcha Tovivich Mapping and Designing a Learning Center for Baan Krut Neighborhood, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand Constructing M. Nanda the Future of Conversation Between Trade and Agus S. Ekomadyo, Tyas Widyarta and Vernacular ROOM 2 Mysticism Exercising Design as Mediator Settlements Santri, Hafiz AlMubarok , Sutrisno to Link Economic and Culture in Idhar Resmadi Mortiyoso Kampung Batik Trusmi Cirebon Ar. Mir Wali Shah, Ar. Azmat Ali Khan, Iftikhar Sustainable Design Development Ali, Manzoor Ali Shah, Conflicts & Communities Settlement, A Case of innovative Emergency Qasim Ali Shah, Shumaila Responsive Shelter for IDP’s, Sheikh Hanif, Laila-Shah, Shahzad Camp Mardan, Khyber Pakhtoon Arshad-Shah Khwa, Pakistan

Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan, Shrinkage of Urban Vernacular Maritime Muhammad Naufal Fadhil, Culture in Muntok, Bangka Island Sutanrai Abdilah

International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements CONVERSATION WITH THE SEA:People, Place and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlements October 20th–22nd, 2016, Gowa- Makassar, Indonesia

ABSTARCT COMPILATION

ISVS-8

CONVERSATION WITH THE SEA People, Place and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlements

Theme 1 : The Vernacular and the Idea of “Global” Theme 2: ”The Disappearance of Coastal Vernacular Settlements and Its Challenge” Theme 3: ”Imagining the Sea: Ideals and Reality Theme 4 : ”Constructing the Future of Vernacular Settlement

Seminar COMMITTEEE Department of Architecture Hasanuddin University

The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Change In Vernacular Architecture of Goa: Influence of Changing Priorities From Traditional Sustainable Culture To Global Tourism

Barsha Amarendra1, Amarendra Kumar Das2

1) Visveswaria National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India 2) Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India, [email protected]

Abstract Goa originated as an expanse of clustered fishing villages in the western coast of India flanked by the Arabian Sea. A Naval Port and Trading base of the Vijaynagara Kingdom, the Dutch traced this strong trade linkage that Goa had with the western world, and in 1510, Goa was conquered by the Portuguese naval fleet to be part of the Dutch colony for 451 years. The huge potential of Goa as a Strong Naval base and the becalming halo of its beaches made the Portuguese raise Goa to the status of being the capital of the Portuguese Vice Kingdom in Asia. From a cluster of predominantly fishermen cottages, the local architectural vocabulary was enriched with elements of Portuguese architecture suited to the context of the land and influenced by the presence of the Sea. The result was the Goan Architecture, giving Goa an international environment. The Inclusion of Goa into the Indian governance led into the sprawling of the post- independence urbanist ideas fused with the greed of the builders to exploit the huge tourism that the beaches of Goa garnered. The rich heritages of Goan houses were swept clear to accommodate the image of modern global architecture. This paper traces the evolution of vernacular houses in Goa, suited to the maritime conditions and how this rich architectural heritage has been barbarically pillaged for its sun, surf and sand and the greed that hides behind it. It aims to establish the sustainability of the Traditional Goan houses to the contexts of its location and climate against the modern day construction.

Keywords: Sustainable vernacular, Global Tourism, Goan heritage, Indo-Portuguese, Modernity.

The Vernacular and the Idea of “Global” 1 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Emper : Form, Function, And Meaning of Terrace On Eretan Kulon Fisher Village’s Houses In Indramayu Regency, West Java, Indonesia

Erisa Weri Nydia

Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung, [email protected]

Abstract Terrace is a space located on the front of the house that is used to receive guests, as a transition space between the outer and inner space, the transition space between the public and private, and a symbol of harmony and intimacy. The form and meaning of the terrace of each area can vary, depending on the culture and customs, climatic conditions, social, and economic condition. Eretan Kulon is one of the fisher villages that is located in Kandanghaur District, Indramayu Regency, West Java, Indonesia. In geographical context, the building style in this area is influenced by the traditional Sundanese architecture; where the terrace commonly found in front of the house. Emper is the local language for people in Eretan Kulon to refer the terrace of the houses. In terms of form and material, Emper has diverse variations. This is influenced by the custom, daily habit, and economic conditions of each homeowner. This paper aims to study the form, function, and meaning of Emper as a concept of terrace space comparing to the terrace for Sundanese people. The research question extends to what is the necessity of Emper; what is functions and activities happened in it, what is the meaning of Emper for the community in Eretan Kulon. The method used is the field observation by conducting surveys and observations to obtain the datas. Interviews were also conducted to local people to gain a deeper understanding of the meaning of Emper. As the result, Emper is a form of private space on public realm. The more permanent the house, the better economic condition of the home owner, and the Emper space is more defined.

Keywords: Eretan Kulon, Fisher Village, Terrace, Emper

The Vernacular and the Idea of “Global” 2 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

The Sea around “Alor Kecil” Vernacular Society: A Critical Threshold for Ecological and Cultural Survival

Klara Puspa Indrawati

Tarumanagara University, [email protected]

Abstract Globalization has been main factor in the formation of Alor Kecil vernacular society due to resident’s high tolerant attitude. The latest manifestation of globalization comes in the label of coastal tourism which still in the infancy state. However coastal tourism practice starts to show some socio-cultural-ecological issues for the existing vernacular life by positioning sea as critical threshold. This paper explores the transformation meaning of the sea from different period of times and learns the setting of vernacular life in coastal habitat by borrowing perspective of three local actors. These local actors will help me find some insights and findings through their narration of their lifetime story in the context of coastal habitat. Because of their special knowledge and political power in the community, I assume they could represent the whole elements of society in Alor Kecil. Result of this research has shown specific transformation in Alor Kecil vernacular society which are the oblivion of local skills, rupture in the relation between inhabitants and their natural cycle, vulnerable marine ecosystem, and social inequality in cultivation of natural resources.

Keywords: Alor Kecil, coastal tourism, globalization, critical threshold, transformation

The Vernacular and the Idea of “Global” 3 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Dwelling Culture To The Spatial Configuration of Mariso Waterfront Settlement

Edward Syarif

Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia, e-mail : [email protected]

Abstract This paper discussed the concept of dwelling and its influence to the spatial configuration of waterfront settlement on Mariso village, as settlement is formed by the local cultural. This study was conducted by using diachronic reading techniques analysis and supported by space syntax methods. The result of this study shows that dwelling culture has been manifested in the spatial formation of Mariso settlement. Collective dwelling forming spatial configuration is more integrated from natural dwelling. Natural and collective dwelling concepts of Mariso society are influenced by Makassar solidarity culture. This paper could be a concept for the development of the waterfront settlements based on local cultural.

Keywords: dwelling culture, Mariso settlement, spatial configuration

The Vernacular and the Idea of “Global” 4 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Local Knowledge As A Basis For Living Space-Forming of Central Sulawesi Aquatic Region

Ahda Mulyati1), Nindyo Soewarno2), Arya Ronald3), Ahmad Sarwadi4)

1) Lecturer of Department of Architecture Engineering, Faculty o Engineering Tadulako University Palu, [email protected] 2) Lecturer, Department of Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Engineering Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta, [email protected] 3) Lecturer, Department of Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Engineering Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta, 4) Lecturer, Department of Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Engineering Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta, [email protected]

Abstract Aquatic Community is a society that dominantly occupies coastal areas and islands in Central Sulawesi. They develop vernacular settlement owned by local knowledge. Settlement is a place of a group to reside; live together and a place to do activities to support the settlers to live. Therefore, a solution is a reflection of the socio-cultural aspect of the community. This research uses a case study approach in some cases. The data collection is done using a naturalistic and inductive analysis techniques. Natural, geography, topography and environment conditions are the important factors that must be considered in determining the place where they settle. The selection of place for living in coastal areas and territorial aquatic makes that part or all of the settlements on the water. They will stay in the place as long as the sea and surrounding nature still provide them with living. In the life as fishermen, the sea is a major and sacred space so that the orientation of the house is the sea. Therefore, the settlement provides a space for making boats and fishing gears. Public spaces are in the form of roads, bridges (tetean), bathing and washing areas, weekly markets, village halls, etc. The settlement pattern surrounds and faces the cliff around it in order to be protected from the wind, waves, and other natural phenomena. Settlers as a group and individual make territorial boundary both at the sea and at their properties. In their residential place, the bedrooms become private spaces for women by insulating them with fabrics, bulkhead or wall. The front porch (dego-dego) is a transition space from the mainland roads to public spaces. In addition tatambe as a back room multi-function, namely as a liaison and space cultural activities related to the sea. This is applied because the sea will always provide them with life, and save them from all the dangers of the environment. The residential and the sea is the main room in the waters of public life, not only serves as a place to stay, but the source of life . In the process, a ' sea ' remains a ‘sacred space’ and ‘orientation center’ for residential neighborhoods as well. Space settlement contains the values are a reflection of the cultural life of settlers formed from its local knowledge.

Keywords: Local, Knowledge, Living, Space, Aquatic.

The Vernacular and the Idea of “Global” 5 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Tourism And The Interruption With The Morphology of Bali Aga's Architecture of The Karangasem Regency

I Nyoman Susanta1), Gusti Ayu Made Suartika2)

1) Lecturer, Department of Architecture,Udayana University, R.1.24. Lt 1 Gedung Pascasarjana, Universitas Udayana, Kampus Denpasar, Jl P.B. Sudirman Denpasar-Bali (80232), INDONESIA [email protected] 2) Lecturer, Department of Architecture,Udayana University, R.1.24. Lt 1 Gedung Pascasarjana, Universitas Udayana, Kampus Denpasar, Jl P.B. Sudirman Denpasar-Bali (80232), INDONESIA [email protected]

Abstract This Geographically Bali consists of mountain ranges, plains and beaches, villages in Bali spread in the region. The village as a whole social community, has an autonomous and independent area called Pakraman. The village is called by the name of indigenous villages for running the traditions and customs of their ancestors. Morphologically village area consists of three classification functions are: Function parhyangan / worship; Function pawongan / social; Function palemahan / environment. Based traditionvillages in Bali can be classified into two types, namely the village of Bali Aga, village Bali Apanaga. Geographically Bugbug village, Seraya village, and village Perasi are located in the area / bordering the coastline. Each village has a unique tradition that is implemented in order architecture with all the activities and container. Globalization has led to changes in all aspects of village life. Neo corporate and tourism as a consequence of globalization can accelerate changes in utilization patterns spaces of the village, thus affecting the morphology of the village. This research was conducted with a qualitative analysis based on the data, facts, or a number of empirical phenomena. Conservation as an effort to control the changes that occur, so that the identity and local wisdom, the morphology of the village can be preserved. Conservation model options in the spaces rural areas can be a source of learning for the village and its people. More broadly will be able to enrich the science of architecture associated with villages along the coast. This knowledge can be a reference for the villages located and adjacent to the coast, both in the region Bali and elsewhere in Indonesia, even abroad, where the region will be developed. The development of the various types of functions, namely: ports, fishing tourism, and others.

Keywords: Tourism, Bali Aga village, beach, morphology

The Vernacular and the Idea of “Global” 6 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Conversations with the Sea:

Barastis, Fishing Huts and the Ocean Villas of Bahrain

Ranjith Dayaratne1

1) University of Bahrain, [email protected];[email protected]

Abstract An island nation in the middle of the Arabian Gulf, Bahrain has been home to the people of the seas and its culture is claimed to have been primarily and predominantly constituted upon the ‘conversations’ with the sea. In fact, the very name Bahrain derived from an Arabic term ‘al-bahrayn’ meaning ‘two seas’ substantiates its close association with the oceans. It says that the sea produced clean-drinkable water its ancestors have yielded from the bottom. It is notable that despite now considered an oil-rich state; its original riches had come from the pearl trade. The pearl divers had laid the foundations for some of the cherished early settlements. Thus, the architecture of Bahrain has continued to derive from its association with the sea and the numerous ‘conversations’ they have produced over the years. More recently, however, the modern Bahrainis have abandoned the sea in favour of the shopping malls, which, many argue had led to a serious erosion of its close association with the sea. This paper examines these continuous transactions from the days of the early Basrastis as living quarters constructed on its shores by the fishing community to subsequent more ad-hoc ‘fishing huts’ that emerged largely for leisure of the fishermen. Later, the oil economy has pushed the people away from the sea. Today, the ocean villas of the rich Bahrainis and expatriates overlook the beaches dotted with yachts particularly in the newly created artificial landmasses. The paper maps the nuances of these transactions that have oscillated between the associations and disassociations with the sea to construct insights into the changing sea culture of Bahrain. It divulges the ways in which its culture has been invariably anchored to the ways in which it sees the sea as both the rudimentary anchor as much as a visual spectacle.

Keywords: Barastis, Fishing huts, Ocean villas, Bahrain, Culture.

The Vernacular and the Idea of “Global” 7 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Journeys in the Cultural Landscapes of Okhamandal in Gujarat, India: An Ecological Model for Heritage Conservation

Heena Gajjar1), Amita Sinha2)

1) Landscape Designer- Sasaki Associates, Watertown, MA, [email protected] 2) Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, [email protected]

Abstract The coastal peninsula of Okhamandal in Gujarat is a popular pilgrimage destination, especially the holy city of Dwarka established by god Krishna and swallowed by sea upon his death. The environmental history of the region is marked by a continuing tussle between humans and nature in reclaiming land from sea. Archaeological findings on the coastal edge of Okhamandal date its settlements back to 15th c. BCE and changes in the shoreline suggest that rising sea levels inundated coastal settlements built and destroyed more than once. Now the flat peninsula is once again threatened by continuing rise in sea level caused by climate change and faced with desertification due to salt ingress. One of the four major holy sites across the Indian subcontinent, this landscape of immense cultural significance is visited by nearly two million pilgrims annually. The ongoing infrastructure development is harmful to its fragile ecologies and disturbs the ambience of its sacred sites. It is proposed that the lapsarian approach to landscape design guide the conservation of Dwarka and other pilgrim destinations in Okhamandal. Together with a faith based environmental ethic this will promote resiliency and be effective in managing sacred sites in a sustainable way.

Keywords: climate change, resiliency, lapsarian, pilgrimage, Krishna

The Vernacular and the Idea of “Global” 8 International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements CONVERSATION WITH THE SEA:People, Place and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlements October 20th–22nd, 2016, Gowa- Makassar, Indonesia

ABSTARCT COMPILATION

ISVS-8

CONVERSATION WITH THE SEA People, Place and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlements

Theme 1 : The Vernacular and the Idea of “Global” Theme 2 : ”The Disappearance of Coastal Vernacular Settlements and Its Challenge” Theme 3: ”Imagining the Sea: Ideals and Reality Theme 4 : ”Constructing the Future of Vernacular Settlement

Seminar COMMITTEEE Department of Architecture Hasanuddin University

The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

The Cultural Influence on Living Preference in Lanting House, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Dahliani1), Purwanita Setijanti2), Ispurwono Soemarno3)

1) Doctoral Student of Department of Architecture, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia, [email protected] 2,3) Lecturers of Department of Architecture, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract Lanting house is a kind of vernacular houses in Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, which is floating on the river. The alteration of river-based urban into land-based urban had attracted the researcher to review the residents’ living preferences in Lanting house. Why they prefer staying in Lanting houses and what were the preferences of further generation to stay in those were the two main questions in this research. This research, using qualitative method and in-depth interview with structured questions to explore data, has resulted in that the living preferences in Lanting houses were influenced by cultural factors were the closeness to the rivers and familial factors. But the alteration of life style was also affecting the preference to stay of next generation. They prefer to live on the mainland than floating on the river.

Keywords: culture, living preference, Lanting house

”The Disappearance of Coastal Vernacular Settlements and Its Challenge” 8 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Tower Houses as a Maritime Vernacular Housing Traditions in Kozbeyli Village at Phocaea (Western Anatolia-Turkey)

Nagme Ebru Aydeniz1), Sergi Taddonio2), Gülnur Ballice3), Emrecan Esenalp 4)

1) Yasar University, [email protected] 2) Yasar University, [email protected] 3) Yasar University, [email protected] 4) [email protected]

Abstract

Geographical, political, religious, cultural, economic, climatic etc. diversity of the earth have led to the emergence of vernacular buildings and settlements with different architectural characteristic throughout the history. Anatolia, due to its strategic location on the intersection of Asia and Europe, as a cradle of civilizations, has harbored various architectural and urban legacies since the very early ages of the history. Western Anatolian coast, which is also known as Asia Minor (Minor Asia) is a privileged region that has been settled in every period throughout the history and protect its importance due to the geographic, climatic and strategic advantages it holds. The Tower Houses on Western Anatolia, which has a considerable population and importance, are generally located on the coastal of the Aegean and the Mediterranean by means of the conversation with the sea. The tower houses of Phocaea Peninsula, bears a significant place in this housing typology of the Aegean and Mediterranean regions. They are particularly important due to being the the last episode of tower house tradition that existed since antiquity. However, the research of the documentation and protection of these houses that are scattered across Old and New Phocaea is insufficient. This paper offers the typological analysis of buildings found in Kozbeyli village of Phocaea peninsula. The tower houses, that stand out in the urban texture of the village, are individually detected and researched in terms of their place in the overall typology of tower houses with the aim of their conservation.

Keywords: Tower Houses, Vernacular Architecture, Coastal Architecture, Phocaea (Phocaea), Kozbeyli.

”The Disappearance of Coastal Vernacular Settlements and Its Challenge” 9 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Re-articulation of Indigenous Bajo In Build Homes Case Village Kabalutan

Zaenal Siradjuddin1), Andi Rachmatullah 2) 1) [email protected] 2) [email protected]

Abstract The development of culture to the Bajo people continue to experience pressure as a result of the interaction between the community and the surrounding community Bajo. The impact of such interaction is to shift the cultural values and habits that become heritage Bajo. This cultural shift that occurs causes a variety of local wisdom possessed degraded even abandoned, In order to maintain the existence of local knowledge needed an effort to revive the cultural values of the present era. This study aims to revive local wisdom Bajo people especially those related to building houses and settlement through the re-articulation of local knowledge (Mutual cooperation). The method used is qualitative method with a value engineering approach (Value Engineering). The results found that the re-articulation of a culture of mutual aid society Bajo build houses affect the establishment of unity and the establishment of mutual understanding among, them so that mutual aid is used as a medium build houses and settlement efficiency in the financing, and rediscovered some ways to build an effective in the building of houses and neighborhoods.

Keywords: Re-articulation, local knowledge, efficiency and effective, the Bajo

”The Disappearance of Coastal Vernacular Settlements and Its Challenge” 10 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Shrinkage of Urban Vernacular Maritime Culture in Muntok, Bangka Island

Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan 1), Muhammad Naufal Fadhil 2), Sutanrai Abdilah 3)

1) 2nd Floor Department of Architecture Bldg at FTUI Universitas Indonesia, [email protected] 2) 4th Floor Department of Architecture Bldg at FTUI Universitas Indonesia, [email protected] 3) 4th Floor Department of Architecture Bldg at FTUI Universitas Indonesia, [email protected]

Abstract This paper is intended to explore and to trace the record of the remaining vernacular maritime culture in Muntok. This paper also uncovers interesting stories of the remaining Muntok-Bugis descendants who have become among the important actors in the daily urban vernacular maritime traditions in the town. Muntok, which is a Bangkanese Heritage City, has a strong influence on the long history of Indonesian maritime and trading culture. During its 18th- and 19th- century golden age, it was well known as one of the most important ports in the world, especially for delivering tin (Banka Tin) and pepper (Muntok White Pepper brand) commodities worldwide.

However, as a result of decreasing tin productivity under the present conditions, there have been huge impacts on vernacular urban life. This paper discusses an issue about the shrinkage of vernacular knowledge of maritime culture in Muntok that is reflected in the small urban corners of traditional fishermen boat-making activities. The methods to explore this shrinkage issue are included in the literature study, site visits, social mapping, and in-depth interviews with local resource persons. The questions are: How important is vernacular maritime knowledge for the Muntok people today? Whether rethinking vernacular maritime knowledge has an alternative future for the City inhabitants which would be appropriate in facing the future uncertainty in tin mining?

Keywords: Post-Tin Era, Shrinkage, Vernacular Maritime Knowledge

”The Disappearance of Coastal Vernacular Settlements and Its Challenge” 11 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Domestic Architecture: The Character of the Lum’s House in Bangka Island

Gun Faisal1), Dimas Wihardianto2), Yohannes Firzal3) Blank space [Times New Roman, 11 pt]

1) Department of Architecture Universitas Riau, gunfaisal@[email protected] 2) Department of Architecture and Planning Universitas Gadjah Mada, [email protected] 3) Department of Architecture Universitas Riau, [email protected] Blank space [Times New Roman, 20pt]

Abstract Lum people is knows as non-Muslim Malay and can be found mostly in northern part of Bangka island where their daily life is mainly found as fishermen. The word of Lum itself is originated from Belum – not yet – which is meant possession of no religion. Through by the time, Lum’s life was transforming including their social-life and also their house. As one kind of vernacular houses, it has built through long period of time in sea-life tradition, but is changing. In this regard, character of Lum’s house has been put in question. Using a qualitative approach, this grounded theory research was aimed to find variety character of Lum’s house. Therefore, this research was conducted in several methods in order to find data directly from the field. In this sense, field survey became the main tool such as general observation, visual mapping, documenting, and interview. The data were inductively analysed through coded-process in three stages; open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Then, this paper shows that the way in which Lum people life has became the main influence on the changing character of the house. Blank Space [Times New Roman 10] Keywords: Lum’s house, character, changing

”The Disappearance of Coastal Vernacular Settlements and Its Challenge” 12 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Transformed Seabed of the Sama Bajau

Toga H. Pandjaitan1), Albertus Bobby W. 2)

1) Universitas Indonesia, [email protected] 2) Universitas Indonesia, [email protected]

Abstract This paper is a journal of an excursion to Wakatobi in in the Banda Sea of the Southeast Sulawesi. We are trying to address a different perspective in seeing a developed Bajau of Wakatobi. In 2013 and 2014, we conducted field surveys and interviews to understand how the shift of the way to live in the sea, from nomadic to permanency, has brought a gradual change in the local environment as well as the quality of Bajau settlement. In Bajau settlement, we found that the connection breaks isolation, transforms solitary into sociability, and eventually, larger things emerged when they are combined. Boats means to connect, yet they are always on the move, sometimes connect to a place other times disconnect from it. The tradition of separated dwellings of the Bajau seafarer has turned into a compact and lively as a consequence of titian. The idea of titian inevitably drew elevated walkways above the sea surface into the landscape of sea dwellings. There are thus two surfaces, one above the other, that formed two different transportations independently, but interactively unifying the human movements. The two layers of surfaces generate possible separation between moving bodies, human and his boats, locating each other to their proper place of rest - dwelling and the boat "garage", which its urban version would be like apartment units above basement parking. The study founded that grid pattern of the connection has drawn new dwellings being built closer to each other, but also leave pockets of sea gardens between them, forming a body of scalable, most likely an urban kampung. Such grid pattern was amalgamated with a non-tradition idea to bring "ground" onto the sea surface where a "landed house" could be erected. The old wooden foundation structure has been replaced by piles of sea rocks that hold the "ground", in which ecologically wise it has altered the undersea environment. With the notion of ground, the Bajau has then now greening and consequently garnish the man-made sea coral ground, creating a garden where they planted eatable vegetation. Yet Bajau Wakatobi could not be successively completed as a place for the seafarer to comfortably live, if it did not have a net of economy chain and access to land resources. They certainly need the hard, water resistant woods to build their dwellings. The religion prerequisite the community to bury their dead in the ground. Economically wise, exchanges between fisheries product and household daily needs, have constrained the distances by which how far they can be off shore. It reveals that the neighboring land of other communities must be seen as part of whole.

Keywords: kampung Bajau, Sama Bahari, titian, maritime environment, external intervention

”The Disappearance of Coastal Vernacular Settlements and Its Challenge” 13 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Representative House Concerning With the Environment and Community Activities at Aeng Batu Coastal Village, North Galesong,Takalar, South Sulawesi

Idawarni Asmal 11), Mukti Ali 22), Samsuddin Amin 33)

1) Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University 2) Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University 3) Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University

Abstract The existence of non stage house at the fishing settlement grew quickly, because it was easy in operation, cheaper, did not require a lot of custom rules, rather than traditional house. In reality, the design of a structure that can not afford to defend the environment. Where floods occur every year and also going abrasion. As a result houses were most close to the coastal area can not be moved. Unlike with the pile house that can be moved to a more secure so able to survive from the flood. However, houses of this area should be able to accommodate various activities of occupant above it, with comfortable to support all activities in relation to fishermen family with jobs, social, and economic. The problem was that the occupant felt there was less convenient for the above it was particularly in the afternoon so that many activities take place under the house (kolong), but size of kolong was not able to fulfill users can create freely activities in it. Paper aims to provide a solution that was able to make the concept of the occupants had a better feeling and more comfortable in doing various activities above or below the house, so that residents can improve their creativity and it will contribute to improve welfare. The method used in this research was descriptive method, in which the authors attempted to uncover the problems encountered related to the choice of their house design. The activities carried out by collecting data related to the problem without providing interpretation The results was the invention of the concept of house that can afford to ma ke users more comfortable and freely activities above and below the pit house, so this model can still survive and even improve the welfare and creativities.

Key world: Representative, Environment, Coastal Village Community

”The Disappearance of Coastal Vernacular Settlements and Its Challenge” 14 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

The Swahili Coast, a Cosmopolitan Enclave in East Africa

Mamdouh Sakr 1, Marwa Dabaieh 2

1) The Prince's School of Traditional Arts, [email protected] PhD candidate at the University of Wales, Trinity Saint David 2) British University in Egypt, [email protected] Lund University, [email protected]

Abstract

The Swahili coast refers to an area in Southeast Africa, mainly the coasts of Kenya, Tanzania and northern Mozambique, in addition to some islands like Comoros. Swahili coast has a distinct demography and culture and its architecture reveals a lot of cultural, economic and political connections that took place across the Indian Ocean during the pre-modern era. Swahili people started trading with Arabs, Persians, Indians, Chinese and Malay, as early as the 8th century. This long-distance trade, which is known as the Indian Ocean trade influenced the Swahili culture heavily to the extent that somehow it became a melting pot of all nations overlooking the Indian Ocean. Although the ruins of Gedi and Kilwa attracted the attention of archeologists, Swahili architecture, an important element of Swahili culture, didn’t receive appropriate attention from architecture scholars until recently. However, with a relatively recent tourism boom in the region, and with an interest in diversifying the touristic product, the old Swahili settlements are presented in a touristic way, and the island of Zanzibar is a striking example. This paper aims at studying Swahili architecture as a part of the Indian Ocean architecture, a regional architectural language that was shaped by sea trade. This study applied an observatory comparative analytical approach using diverse set of qualitative research tools and techniques. It is important to understand, analyze and learn from the architectural product of such a cosmopolitan society in the pre-modern era, without confining it into a collection of pastiche decorative elements that create a romantic setting for tourists. It is crucial to understand the first wave of globalization, which was “the sea trade” that helped in shaping Swahili architecture, before being lost by another globalization wave, from which is “mass tourism” and that is what this paper in hand is trying to contribute with.

Keywords: Swahili architecture, vernacular identity, the sea trade, mass tourism.

”The Disappearance of Coastal Vernacular Settlements and Its Challenge” 15 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

The Syncretism of Maritime Urbanism and Theatre State in Indonesia 1500 - 1700: Banda Aceh and Demak

Bagoes Wiryomartono

Independent Scholar Toronto ON Canada

Abstract

Maritime trade has characterized a longstanding economic activities in Southeast Asian archipelago since the prehistoric times. However, the emergence of urbanism and state polity of negara in this region was not earlier than the fourth century under the influence of Sanskrit culture from India. During the period between the twelfth and fifteenth century, the state polity had transformed and adjusted by the maritime contacts and interactions with the Persian, Arab, Indian, and Chinese merchants. The outcome of this assimilation and enculturation between locality and foreign influences is potentially the hybrid concept of negara and bandar. This study is to investigate and examine how this syncretism works and is possible. Moreover, this study is to divulge and unfold local concepts and historical traces that underpin and conserve the practice of maritime urbanism in Indonesia since the 15th century, with reference to pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial city of Demak, Java and the city of Banda Aceh, Sumatra.

Keywords: Maritime urbanism; patrimonial culture; theatre-state; Banda Aceh, Demak; Indonesia

”The Disappearance of Coastal Vernacular Settlements and Its Challenge” 16 International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements CONVERSATION WITH THE SEA:People, Place and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlements October 20th–22nd, 2016, Gowa- Makassar, Indonesia

ABSTARCT COMPILATION

ISVS-8

CONVERSATION WITH THE SEA People, Place and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlements

Theme 1 : The Vernacular and the Idea of “Global” Theme 2 : ”The Disappearance of Coastal Vernacular Settlements and Its Challenge” Theme 3 : ”Imagining the Sea: Ideals and Reality Theme 4 : ”Constructing the Future of Vernacular Settlement

Seminar COMMITTEEE Department of Architecture Hasanuddin University

The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Topophobic Vernacular: The Acehnese House and Its Maritime Connections

Julie Nichols1) Muhammad Naufal Fadhil2)

1) The University of South Australia, Faculty of Education, Arts and Social Sciences, School of Art, Architecture & Design, [email protected] 2) Universitas Indonesia, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Architecture, [email protected]

Abstract Through the theoretical lens of “topophilia,” from the seminal work of historical geographer, Yi Fu Tuan, this paper re-conceptualizes the Acehnese “traditional” house. Topophilia represents a permanent, tangible, familiar, sentimental and sedentary attachment to place relying on human qualities of perception for this sense of attachment. According to Kamal A. Arif in his book Ragam Citra Kota Banda Aceh, the Acehnese house or Rumoh Aceh was originally conceived, from a maritime tradition. It is thought it was designed in response to an entrenched geographical association with the sea—a site of exchange, international networks and knowledge transfer for the local communities. Rumoh Aceh was also referred to as a type of stage house that was earthquake-resistant and designed to anticipate floods and ocean tides—the dichotomy between fixed and fluid conditions. Aceh’s natural environmental hazards may be seen as prompting the antithesis of topophilia, rather a type of typophobia—fear of place beyond climate where complex, global geological movements impact local conditions, or spiritual non-tangible understandings create a dynamic relationship with locality? Historically, the Rumoh Aceh and its evolving vernacular from a boat-like house to a stage-like space for daily dwelling stationed on the river bank or sea side reflects a respectful acknowledgement of the potentials of the natural environment as well as a mode of dwelling bridging physical and spiritual worlds. To what extent can these relationships continue to resonate for the evolution of design of appropriate domestic space in Aceh? To re-consider vernacular architecture from the polemical position of topophobia, signifying a dynamic relationship with locality and characteristic of today’s urban populations having shifting relationships with place, contests ideas of vernacular as a fixed tradition. To recast the Acehnese house as an architecture adhering to modern concerns of maritime environmental disasters, historical continuity of spiritual belief systems, as well as reflecting contemporary dynamic relations with place repositions this vernacular as a living tradition and an anchor for socially cohesive practices for resilient communities.

Keywords: Acehnese traditional house, re-conceptualizing vernacular; anthropological architecture, Topophobic vernacular

”Imagining the Sea: Ideals and Reality” 17 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Transformation in Building Crafts–A Study of Coastal Region Houses of Mangrol

Kinjal Sheth

Acharya NRV School of Architecture, Bangalore [email protected]

Abstract India is influenced by different cultural, social and technological changes. In each region of India, the vernacular settlements are evolved with the shared knowledge and thoughts through the experimentation process for ages. Every region has its own unique style with an individual language and expressions suitable to the regional aspects. There were several facets about coastal societies that gave them different orientation and identity from the continental interior. Coastal societies were responsive to cross cultural influences that were transmitted along with the movement of people across various regions. The sea routes carried not only trade goods and commodities, but also the new ideas, new technology and cultural traditions. The interface between the human society and the sea indicates the significance of the coastal region. Gujarat is one of the states of India; located on the Arabian Sea. The objective of the paper is to study transformations of building crafts of coastal region of Gujarat, India. The study focuses on Mangrol region; located on Saurastra coast. In methodology, the vernacular dwellings are documented and analyzed on various parameters like technological, political, social, historical and architectural developments. The analysis is to adapt the various construction techniques and technology using locally available materials and various architectural styles for a sustainable development. The paper concludes by discussing the economic, political and socio – cultural aspects of coastal region; reflecting the vernacular settlements. The discussion further carried by how such transformations affect the maritime communities.

Keywords: Coastal, vernacular, culture, technique, economy

”Imagining the Sea: Ideals and Reality” 18 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

A Conversation with the Sea in Ancient Hinterland Architecture in Indonesia

Rahadhian Prajudi H

Department of Architecture, Parahyangan Catholic University, [email protected]

Abstract Indonesia is an archipelago that has always been close to the maritime tradition. This tradition has a characteristic that can be associated with a dynamic life in a social and cultural context. People who originally lived on the waterfront began to shift to the hinterland in search of a livelihood which was more definitive than the uncertainty of living from day to day, and for security reasons. Furthermore an agricultural society has more time and opportunity to develop art and accomplishment while waiting for the rice harvest. The architecture in the hinterland demonstrates a fineness and conceptual depth and tends to be static, while the coastal architecture is more open, pragmatic and dynamic. However, that does not mean that the maritime tradition which is older than the agricultural tradition has left no traces on the architecture in the hinterland. This study reviews the traces of persistency and transformation of the maritime traditions aspect in the architecture in the hinterland. The temples in Indonesia at classical era (7th-11th century) using makara in this building, especially in left right left right stairs and doors, in addition to jaladwara (fountain gates/shower). The Makara in Hindu mythology is an animal that lives in the sea and a vehicle god Varuna, the ruler of the ocean. In addition to sacred buildings, the maritime traditions can also be identified through the use of vessels shape for the figure of the building in whole or just parts such as roof shape, decoration, roof silhouette, and others. The terms that relate to parts of the ship such as anjung, anjung-anjung, anjungan are also found in several spatial traditional vernacular buildings in Indonesia. Similarly, the tectonics of the roof was allegedly inspired by the shape of a wooden ship construction. This phenomenon indicates the persistency of the use of iconographic traditions derived from maritime or coastal culture in the long term even though the tradition has changed into an agriculture based one

Keywords: maritime, hinterland, persistency, agriculture, transformation

”Imagining the Sea: Ideals and Reality” 19 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement” Architecture And Socio-Cultural Life: Redefining Malay Settlement On The East Coast of Sumatera

Yohannes Firzal1), Gun Faisal2) 1) 2) Department of Architecture, Universitas Riau [email protected]

Abstract In general speaking, Malay settlement is mostly found in traditional compound which is known as kampung that is arranged in a particular pattern. The pattern was documented by Sir Thomas Raffles who noted that Malay’s kampong must have been on or near coast, and not in the interior of a land. Indeed, on the east coast of Sumatera, there can be also found a koto, which is identified as a small compound where the oldest settlement and traditional houses are preserved by a community. This paper is written based on qualitative approach by collecting and structuring field data through several methods such as observation, fieldwork study, interviews, and group discussion. Through this paper, it is used to show Malay’s life is not only built in the sea life and trading community, but also is constructed in riverine life that has brought the culture deep into the interior of Sumatra. In this regard, this research has found the changing the way of Malay life has affected on Malay settlement. Therefore, research in this theme becomes significant in order to find out the life of today’s Malay.

Keywords: Settlement, Kampung, Koto, Malay house

”Imagining the Sea: Ideals and Reality” 20 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Transformation of Bajau Tribe from Nomad to Sedentary Case Study Sama Bahari Village, Wakatobi

Ade Amelia1), Albertus Bobby2), Rendy Primrizqi3)

1) Universitas Indonesia, [email protected] 2) Universitas Indonesia, [email protected] 3) Universitas Indonesia, [email protected]

Abstract Indonesia is an archipelago country, that 2/3 part of it covered by sea water. Bajau, a sea tribe, lives in the World Coral Triangle which includes some Indonesian territory. Thus, they have a strong connection to the marine life. Bajau tribe willing to do anything to keep their tradition, living on the sea. There are Bajau people who still choose nomad lifestyle, but most of them already settled in a village and starting to develop kampong. The authors interested to see the transformation of their nomad tradition to sedentary life in Sama Bahari Village. The purpose of this paper is to describe what elements has change in their culture and their settlements despite the transformation of Bajau tribe from nomadic lifestyle to sedentary.

Keywords: sea, dwelling, settlement, nomad, sedentary

”Imagining the Sea: Ideals and Reality” 21 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

The Dutch Colonial Engineers’ Vision of Water and Technology and its Relations to the Settlements in Batavia

Yulia Nurliani Lukito

1) Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia

Abstract This study is a historical and theoretical investigations to understand the transformation of the city of Batavia, or nowadays Jakarta, through the development of technology and colonial engineers that make use the connections of the sea. In the Dutch East Indies, the articulation of the Ethical Policy around the turn of the nineteenth century changed the objective of the colonial project in the colony from exploitation to development. The influence of the colonial engineers in the Dutch East Indies can be traced back to the rise of social intervention and modernization. The engineers – who mostly worked for maritime and irrigation – tried to systematize the material environment of the colony with their public works, striving for the economical use and the efficient management of resources. Engineers such as for the Bureau Openbare Werken (Bureau of Public Works) made significant contributions to the settlements that was connected through water, either the sea or the river, and became a distinct group within the colonial administration. Thus, the aims of this study is to discuss the role of the Dutch engineers in changing the city and settlements in Batavia and investigate how the vision of those engineers contributes to the construction and changes of the city and settlements today. In addition to their technological plans, the engineers in the Indies, who presented themselves as educated and progressive middle- class, developed an idea that they also had an obligation to normalize society to end its excesses. The paper argues that modernity that technology had helped to create demanded a greater role for engineer and had resulted the rapid changes in the environment and the Indies society.

Keywords: colonial engineers, the Dutch East Indies, Batavia

”Imagining the Sea: Ideals and Reality” 22 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Urban Waterfront Development in Sunda Kelapa Harbor Area, North Jakarta

Monique Vashti1, John Fredy Bobby Saragih2

1) [email protected] 2) [email protected]

Abstract Sunda Kelapa Harbor is one of the oldest ports in Indonesia, which makes it a provincial level conservation area. Unfortunately, traditional voyage existed in Sunda Kelapa Harbor with its wood ship as its jewel is being threatened by the rapid urban growth. The aim of this research is to make Sunda Kelapa Harbor a sustainable conservation area by preserving its cultural and historical value and develop it into tourism area. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method with an implementation of “Healing the City” theory. The aspects of analysis are environmental aspects, human aspects, and building aspects. The results show that by doing urban waterfront development and giving the area a new identity it could heal the poor condition of the area existed. In conclusion, urban waterfront development could increase its vitality and making Sunda Kelapa Harbour into a sustainable conservation area.

Keywords: development, urban waterfont, harbor area, Sunda Kelapa

”Imagining the Sea: Ideals and Reality” 23 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement” Technological Structure of the Coastal Area For Constructing the Future of Vernacular Settlements in Makassar

Naidah Naing, Abd. Karim Hadi, Asdar Djamereng

1) Lecturer Departement of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muslim Indonesia Makassar, [email protected] 2) Lecturer Departement of Civil, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muslim Indonesia Makassar, [email protected] 3) Lecturer Departement of Management, Faculty of Economic, Universitas Muslim Indonesia Makassar, [email protected]

Abstract Coastal regions Makassar can not be separated from the Settlement Vernacular. But the didaster-prone coastel conditions led to the settlement does not have a future. This research aims to develop technology design structure of the coastal area of Makassar. Based on this basic issue and local knowledge, to maintain vernacular settlements. Technology research concerns the design of structures used in anticipation of the settlement of abrasion, high winds and of abrasion, high winds and other climatic changes. The methode used in this research is descriptive-evaluative using two approaches (1) morphological approach (2)Behavior and Architectural Approach. Analysis od the data in this study was done by using spatial analysis and descriptive analysis. The result in this research is the design of the structure of the region that can be applied directly to the area around the Vernacular Settlements in the coastal area of Makassar.

Keywords: Structure Technology, Vernacular Settlement

”Imagining the Sea: Ideals and Reality” 24 International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements CONVERSATION WITH THE SEA:People, Place and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlements October 20th–22nd, 2016, Gowa- Makassar, Indonesia

ABSTARCT COMPILATION

ISVS-8

CONVERSATION WITH THE SEA People, Place and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlements

Theme 1 : The Vernacular and the Idea of “Global” Theme 2 : ”The Disappearance of Coastal Vernacular Settlements and Its Challenge” Theme 3 : ”Imagining the Sea: Ideals and Reality Theme 4 : ”Constructing the Future of Vernacular Settlement

Seminar COMMITTEEE Department of Architecture Hasanuddin University

The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Cataloging and constructing a vernacular hybrid habitat

Martin Anzellini Garcia-Reyes

Planning Department of Bogotá, [email protected]

Abstract The present study is situated in the rural and suburban areas of Colombia´s Caribbean Region. As in the rest of the country, deforestation –caused by the impact of agriculture– and the alteration of the meteorological cycles -caused by global warming- have had serious social and economic consequences. Droughts, hurricanes, and flooding, particularly in the low-landed wetlands, are recurrent and generate poverty and displacement practically every year. This situation obliges us to rethink alternative models of mitigation and adaptation of the rural habitat. Vernacular architecture can provide some answers and hence, CAVERNA -Catalogue of Vernacular Architecture- is being produced. Based on an in situ research methodology, techniques and typologies are being registered. One of the features of vernacular architecture is its eco-systemic and self-sustainable character. The vernacular habitat systems establish a balanced relationship with the environment and the territory, a cyclical and sustainable correspondence in the use of available resources (materials, energy, time). These characteristics of “the vernacular” encompass all scales, from the general territory to the particular detail. The three main objectives of CAVERNA are: (1) To preserve within a bibliographic and digital register wisdoms that traditionally are being excluded from the disciplinary discourse; (2) To spread among masons and artisans, as well as in academic and professional spaces, solutions that can be useful at the moment of generating innovative and adequate solutions; and (3) To implement in contemporary real constructions these adaptive habitat systems. The Catalogue is an easy-to-use tool for people that aim to build their houses and other buildings. It is a work in progress, of which the first volume (CAVERNA – Caribbean Region) was launched in August 2016 and contains simple texts and drawings that capture the wisdoms of local builders and artisans from Colombia´s Caribbean Region.

Keywords: Egoless Constructions/Catalogue/Vernacular Techniques/New Vernacular/Caribbean

”Constructing the Future of Vernacular Settlements” 24 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

The Future Vernacular Settlement in Micro Islands: Pulau Pramuka, Archipelagic Region of Pulau Panggang, North Kepulauan Seribu

Nana Sebastian1), Rini Suryantini2)

1) 1st Floor Department of Architecture Bldg at FTUI Universitas Indonesia, [email protected] 2) 1st Floor Department of Architecture Bldg at FTUI Universitas Indonesia, [email protected]

Abstract Pulau Pramuka is a micro island laid on the archipelagic region of Pulau Panggang, North Kepulauan Seribu, with land area around 16 Ha and surrounded by vast waters. According to Government Regulation No.5 Year 2001 about the establishment of Kepulauan Seribu District, Pulau Pramuka is chosen to be the capital of the Kepulauan Seribu Administrative District. Pulau Pramuka is prepared to be the face and a model for other islands, and its development quite fast nowadays compared to other islands. Nevertheless the development of Pulau Pramuka is highly land-oriented and it makes a strong attachment to the needs of resources from the mainland to develop the island. Long ago, Pulau Pramuka was known as the Eagle Island, because this island was inhabited by the variety of eagle species. According to Husni in his book Orang Pulo di Pulau Karang, Pulau Pramuka was not inhabited by man until 80s. That time, Pulau Pramuka’s function in archipelagic region of Pulau Panggang as protective island and freshwater or another natural resources supplies. The face of Pulau Pramuka is changing, from the green into full of land-oriented built house, including its function. This paper will discuss the future vernacular settlement of Pulau Pramuka, which function changed in archipelagic region of Pulau Panggang, by exploring the bioregion system of its archipelagic region from time to time to find patterns regarding the existence of Pulau Pramuka. The interesting question is how if Pulau Pramuka is not intended to be the settlement island regarding to its bioregion system? And how do we develop it then? Since it has already become a settlement.

Keywords: Pulau Pramuka Settlement, Archipelagic Region of Pulau Panggang, Bioregion System, Orang Pulo

”Constructing the Future of Vernacular Settlements” 25 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Invisible Links Between Two Coasts: Greek Residents of a Turkish Village

Süreyya Topaloğlu

Research Assistant at İstanbul Bilgi University, Graduate Student in Middle East Technical University [email protected]

Abstract Throughout history, maritime landscapes have been preferred to establish settlements for their convenient geographical settings. Remains of different cultural periods accumulate by tracing each other and form rich historical stratifications within these sites. These multilayered settlements are not only results of physical stratifications but they also contain social accumulation with the stories of past. Small village of Ildır in İzmir, Turkey (located on the western part on Aegean coast) is a precedent of such settlements of which history goes back in time to Early Bronze Age. Beginning from Archaic Age, an imposing ancient city called Erythrai was standing within the same territory, present settlement is a rural landscape sharing the same physical environment with an archaeological landscape. The coastal town had continuous habitation for centuries due to natural values, being a seaport, etc. In addition to ancient stories, it also faced dramatic changes in the recent past. After the establishment of Republic of Turkey, population exchange started between Turkey and Greece and the village was evacuated. Greek residents passed to the other coast while Turkish citizen in Greece are coming back. In retrospect, there are many questions arising. The other coast represented alienation for both exchangees by means of settling into a town left from others or making a new settlement from scratch. The sea remains same but does it form a border between two different lands/ states/ nations or can the sea work to interconnect them? The definitions of homeland and nation are questionable in exchangee’s cases since themselves became the other when they passed to the other coast. This study aims to find a route for the evolvement of Ildırı village in order to revive coexisting values and reveal past stories in an integrated way while considering the spirit and significance of place, too.

Keywords: multilayered settlements, cultural landscape, population exchange, alienation, seascape

”Constructing the Future of Vernacular Settlements” 26 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Musi River Estuary Settlement on The Move

Setyo Nugroho1), Husnul Hidayat2)

1) Department of Architecture Sriwijaya University, [email protected] 2) Department of Architecture Sriwijaya Univeristy, [email protected]

Abstract This is the template of the 8th International Seminar on Vernacular Settlement (ISVS-8). You are required to follow this template using Times New Roman 10pt font single space. Rapid growth and unplanned physical development of the vernacular settlement, as a response to internal and external issues, will result in problems related to the sustainability of the settlement. Sungsang, a fishing settlement area on the eastern coast of South Sumatra, has long been grown in the estuary of the Musi River even currently is functioning as the hub of social and economic activities for the people in the surrounding areas. The vernacular settlements over the water formed by hundreds of houses on stilts that connected by walkways, was built using simple construction technology have been able to adapt and survive against the influence of sea waves. However, uncontrolled growth of the settlements and the presence of some natural limitations cause serious problems on the carrying capacity and the quality of the environment. The transformation of physical and spatial structure feared to have a negative impact to the characteristics and the existence of the fishing settlement and will affect the implementation of various development plans in this potential region. This paper is attempt to explore issues regarding the house form and settlement pattern as well as its interaction with the environment and to determine the strategies needed for the physical development of the settlement. The qualitative method is used through a descriptive analysis to get the physical development factors necessary for this area. The study is expected to be the basis for a variety of advanced research potential for developing appropriate and contextual technologies to support the development at traditional fishing settlement in the next future.

Keywords: vernacular settlement, transformation

”Constructing the Future of Vernacular Settlements” 27 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Characteristics Territorial of Tamping Room of Buginese Aristocrats Traditional Houses in Bone South Sulawesi

Andi M. Akbar1), Ananto Yudono2), Ria Wikantari3), Mochsen Sir4)

1) [email protected] 2) [email protected] 3) [email protected] 4) [email protected]

Abstract Buginese traditional architecture is closely related to the history of the Buginese kingdom in the past, where the City of Bone as the base in South Sulawesi. In the traditional Buginese aristocrat house in Bone it horizontally divided into three spaces, namely: lontang ri'saliweng, lontang ri'tenggah and lontang ri'laleng. Space of tamping is a circulation path to connecting the third chamber, with a distinctive form and has the characteristics of territorial it would give an expression of its own, so it needs to be examined more deeply as a national architectural works connecting the past and the future. The purpose of this study found the space of tamping territorial characteristics that can influence the characteristic of traditional buginese aristocrat house in Bone. This study includes a base kingdom of Buginese in Bone regency. The methodology of this research is qualitative research approach with rationalistic paradigm. The results of this study: spatial linear backward elongated shape with spaces of indo bola and is located parallel to the main door, as well as the orientation to follow of indo bola orientation is facing towards the street. While the characteristics of territorial limited and direct people to entrance, it marked the spatial separation of clear and unequivocal form of low and height floor differences. The physical of territorial characteristics are, the greater of the tamping size rules of restricting and increasingly of their aristocrats higher level, while the territorial characteristics of spatial elements could influence people's perception and restrict their movement.

Keywords: Territorial characteristics of tamping Buginese aristocrat.

”Constructing the Future of Vernacular Settlements” 28 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Reflection on Participatory Cultural Mapping and Designing a Learning Center for Baan Krut Neighborhood, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand

Supitcha Tovivich

Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture, Silpakorn University, [email protected]

Abstract Baan Krut neighborhood is a sea-sided community located in the southern side of Prachuap Khiri Khan and encountered challenges from being specified in the City Plan as an industrial zone – an area allowing for heavy and toxic industrial factories and estates. After years of the local civil society’s politically demonstrations and protests for saving the ecological heritages, the revised version of Bang Sapan Principle City Plan, which concerns more about ecological than industrial benefits, is waiting to be approved in 2016. Nevertheless, the struggles of the local civil society remain. They have been trying to promote eco-tourism as a tool for contesting the industrial plans. In 2015, the research team from the Faculty of Archeology, Silpakorn University conducted a research titled “Baan Krut-Mae Ram Phueng: the Anthropologic Dimension (In-chan 2015). They worked closely with the local. In 2016 they contacted the design team from the Faculty of Architecture, Silpakorn University, with an attempt to help the local set up a common learning centre as an elderly activity hub and a tourist information. This paper is a reflection on the design team’s practice through participatory observation and action research. The findings show that, first the participatory design process help ensuing political and financial commitment from the local authority. Second, the participatory design process helped make the negotiations easier, both for amongst the local and between them and the local authority. It is evident that the participatory process acts as a mean for project efficient and effective in terms of cost and responsiveness of the programme. Also the local capacity of the local in relation to spatial design has been to some extent trained. Lastly, it is clear that our intervention was used by the local civil society, with our conformity, to challenge existing power structure – intentionally ‘working through’ the existing power structure rather than ‘take their place.’ From the author’s participatory observation on power relations, the findings show that in practice community participation is about challenging power-relations, everyday struggle, and conflicts. The “power to” and “decentred model of power” was observed and power exercise in practice is complex.

Keywords: participatory design, action research, community empowerment, reflection on practice

”Constructing the Future of Vernacular Settlements” 29 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Building Transformation at Kampong Mahmud, A Traditional Village at Citarum River’s Bank

Nurtati Soewarno1), Eggi Septianto2), Irfan S. Hasim3)

1) [email protected] 2) [email protected] 3) [email protected]

Abstract Change is something inevitable. From the architectural point of view, change could be identified by observing the physical building shape. Observing cities in Indonesia nowdays, building physical changes could be seen almost in every part, at the city, sub urban even in traditional villages. This study observed Mahmud’s traditional village located at the suburbs of Bandung city, Indonesia. The village is located in the downstream region of the Citarum River and was built on piles on a small island in a swamp. Un like buildings on island bounded by water which commonly facing the water, in this island buildings were built at the center of the island not facing the water and covered by trees because this place was set up for meditated and could also be used as a hiding place from the Colonial army and then it turned into a place to deepen Islam. The access to get there was not easy; this small island could only be reached by rafts when the river was calm. Since the Local Government established the bridge (1997) kampong Mahmud has become easier to reach. This condition has increased the number of occupants, buildings and encouraged the transformation. Using typo morphology method the observation result recognized two building types and their morphology which could be distinguished from the materials and building styles. The easy access to the venue has also attracted many tourists to visit the village. The transformation that had been occurred in the old buildings was an effort to accommodate the needs of tourists who stopped by for either short (overnight) or long term. What kinds and how did it occur to these vernacular buildings? Is kampong Mahmud could still be classified as Traditional Village? Because the old buildings are culture heritage the intervention of local government to organize the changes is expected so that the cultural heritage could be preserved.

Keywords: traditional house, vernacular building, transformation

”Constructing the Future of Vernacular Settlements” 30 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Conversation Between Trade and Mysticism Exercising Design as Mediator to Link Economic and Culture in Kampung Batik Trusmi Cirebon

Agus S. Ekomadyo1), Tyas Santri2), Hafiz AlMubarok 3) Idhar Resmadi 4) Blank space [Times New Roman, 11 pt]

1) Institute of Technology, Bandung, [email protected], [email protected] 2) Institute of Technology, Bandung, [email protected] 3) Institute of Technology, Bandung, [email protected] 4) Institute of Technology, Bandung, [email protected]

Abstract When sea is interpreted as medium, the maritime technology can be interpreted as the mediator. In early Islamic dissemination in Java, sea became medium for the spread of mysticism values through trading. The City of Cirebon and one of its traditional district named as Kampung Trusmi, signify that economic and culture had ever create symmetrical relationship in the society. Cirebon and Kampung Trusmi were founded by Javano-Islamic mysticism personages then handed down several cultural artifacts that have been kept maintenance by Cirebon society until now. One of the artifacts is traditional clothes called batik that are mostly produced communally in Kampung Trusmi. Batik publicities as world heritage, adjunct with rapid economic growth of Cirebon, have been stimulating Kampung Trusmi as tourism destination. But tourism development in Kampung Trusmi does not merely draw the local culture development, instead constructs hidden contestation among actors, so recent tourism creates asymmetric relationship between economic and culture. This article exercises architectural design as mediator to contribute symmetrical relationship between economic, that generated by tourism, and culture, that strongly influenced by mysticism traditions. Through concept of cultural marketplaces, architectural design is put as mediator to make places for cultural exchange through economic activities. By mapping the cultural production and consumption loci in Kampung Trusmi, there are two strategies delivered to link economic and culture. First strategy is creating connection pathways among the existing consumption locus represented by main corridor with showrooms and cultural production loci spread in this area: mosque and grave, workshops, heritage buildings. Second strategy is inserting the new cultural function on the future tourism access, manifested as Batik Museum. By this exercise, architectural design is put closer to the society and its cultural manifestation. It is possible to open design approach to read vernacular architecture and put culture in technological perspective: how cultural values influences societies to create technical objects to develop their adaptation capabilities.

Keywords: medium of exchange, design as mediator, cultural development, Kampung Trusmi, technological perspective for vernacular architecture

”Constructing the Future of Vernacular Settlements” 31 The International Seminar on Vernacular Settlements 2016 (ISVS-8) Gowa–Makassar, 20–22 Oktober 2016 “Conversations with the Sea: People, Places and Ideas of Maritime Vernacular Settlement”

Sustainable Design Development Conflicts & Communities Settlement A Case of innovative Emergency Responsive Shelter for IDP’s, Sheikh Shahzad Camp Mardan, Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa, Pakistan

Ar. Mir Wali Shah 1), Ar. Azmat Ali Khan 2), Iftikhar Ali3) Manzoor Ali Shah4) Qasim Ali Shah 5) Shumaila Hanif 6) Laila-Shah 7) Arshad-Shah 8)

1) Assistant Professor/President Pak-SHIELD (PhD Student) Head Department of Architecture, City University of Science & Information Technologies, Peshawar,

Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa, Pakistan, Email address: [email protected] Mobile Number: +92-3339598756, 2) Lecturer, Department of Architecture, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar, Pakistan Email address: [email protected] Mobile Number: +92-3329453339 3) Lecturer, Iftikhar Ali, Department of Architecture, Hazara University Mansehra, KPK, Pakistan 4) Student, Manzoor Ali Shah Department of Architecture, Hazara University Mansehra, KPK, Pakistan 5) Student, Qasim Ali Shah Department of Architecture, Hazara University Mansehra, KPK, Pakistan 6) Graduate, Shumaila Hanif Hazara University Mansehra, KPK, Pakistan 7) Student, Laila Shah Sheikh Maltoon Degree College Mardan, KPK, Pakistan 8) Engineer, Arshad Shah Sarhad University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan

Abstract

Pakistan is a region in Asia, which has been a victim of continuous calamities and man- made conflicts, in the shape of earthquake, floods and civil wars. As a result of these conflicts, the socio-economic structure of the country is severely damaged and has eroded the country’s economy. Due to the law & order situation, generally in KPK (particularly in Swat) resulted the first-ever biggest displacement took place, in the history of Pakistan. Approximately three million people were internally-displaced from their home towns. The internally-displaced persons’ (IDP) Camp, Sheikh Shahzad Mardan, and Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa were initially confronted with the challenges of food, harsh weather, shelter and a hygienic environment. Eventually the greatest challenge was how to accommodate these internally-displaced person’s (IDPs). This paper is focused on introducing a prototype sustainable innovative early-responsive emergency shelter in urban context. Thermal conformability in these shelters is the only solution to re-habilitate these displaced persons in such a harsh climate of Mardan in the urban locality where the temperature goes up to 52 degrees. In this uncertain situation, the need for a self-sufficient, energy-efficient shelter has been felt in order to fulfill the thermal and psychological needs of affectees. The paper underlines the role of communities in re- habilitation and re-settlement, by considering the fast-growing social and economic needs of such displaced people. It can only be done through re-designing, re-shaping and rejuvenating the existing profiles of the communities’ settlements, either in the rural or urban locality. The study also encompasses the sustainable approach towards the communities’ re- settlement in the tent village at Sheikh Shahzad (IDPs) Camp, considering the micro-climate parameters namely temperature-variation, humidity-control, and wind). Sustainable prototype innovative emergency shelters should be climate-responsive, cost-effective, respect social patterns and cultural norms, and result in conformability.

Keywords: conflicts, sustainable development, energy-efficient, emergency shelter, IDPs, communities, settlements.

”Constructing the Future of Vernacular Settlements” 32

I Imagining the Sea : Ideals and Reality August 19, 2016

TOURISM AND INTERRUPTION MORFOLOGI ARCHITECTURE BALI AGA VILLAGE IN THE DISTRICT KARANGASEM

I Nyoman Susanta1), Gusti Ayu Made Suartika2)

1) Lecturer,Department of Architecture,Udayana University, R.1.24. Lt 1 Gedung Pascasarjana, Universitas Udayana, Kampus Denpasar, Jl P.B. Sudirman Denpasar-Bali (80232), INDONESIA [email protected] 2) Lecturer,Department of Architecture, Udayana University, R.1.24. Lt 1 Gedung Pascasarjana, Universitas Udayana, Kampus Denpasar, Jl P.B. Sudirman Denpasar-Bali (80232), INDONESIA [email protected]

Abstract This Geographically Bali consists of mountain ranges, plains and beaches, villages in Bali spread in the region. The village as a whole social community, has an autonomous and independent area called Pakraman. The village is called by the name of indigenous villages for running the traditions and customs of their ancestors. Morphologically village area consists of three classification functions are: Function parhyangan / worship; Function pawongan / social; Function palemahan / environment. Based tradition villages in Bali can be classified into two types, namely the village of Bali Aga, village Bali Apanaga. Geographically Bugbug village, Seraya village, and village Perasi located in the area / bordering the coastline. Each village has a unique tradition that is implemented in order architecture with all the activities and container. Globalization has led to changes in all aspects of village life. Neo corporate and tourism as a consequence of globalization, can accelerate changes in utilization patterns spaces of the village, thus affecting the morphology of the village. This research was conducted with a qualitative analysis based on the data, facts, or a number of empirical phenomena. Conservation as an effort to control the changes that occur, so that the identity and local wisdom, the morphology of the village can be preserved. Conservation model options in the spaces rural areas can be a source of learning for the village and its people. More broadly will be able to enrich the science of architecture associated with villages along the coast. This knowledge can be a reference for the villages located and adjacent to the coast, both in the region Bali and elsewhere in Indonesia, even abroad, where the region will be developed. The development of the various types of functions, namely: ports, fishing tourism, and others.

Keywords: Tourism, Bali Aga village, beach, morphology

I. Introduction

Bali Aga villages as a relic prahindu.which was originally referred to as Wanua, called his boss called Sarwwa. After the consolidation of the influence of Hinduism in Bali terms Wanua replaced with designations Thani boss named Rama, the next by Goris introduced the name of the village (dorp) as the translation of the word Karaman [1 , 2]. One tradition that indicates the Bali Aga village in the form of gamelan Selonding as accompaniment in religious ceremonies [1]. Bali Aga village is a village with its inhabitants citizens initial (first) Bali which is the first immigrants who occupy the island of Bali. So it is often mentioned as the village of Bali Mula. Both villages can be mentioned as the remains of the original Bali. Since the 8th century until the 15th century villages of intensive changes and developments in the indigenous tradition and culture. Architecture as a product of culture and a container of cultural activities it can be said to be partially changed. Changes occur on an ongoing basis as well the next time period during prahindu, Reich era of ancient Bali, Bali under the kingdom of Majapahit Kingdom. Likewise colonial, independence and tourism era [3] and globalization. Over time, holidays interrupt the whole order of life throughout the world. Tourism also interrupt the existence of the Bali Aga villages, especially villages located in coastal areas are considered to have a value setrategis in many ways. In real terms it can be seen that the land in the I Imagining the Sea : Ideals and Reality August 19, 2016 coastal area has a high economic value and has a lot of shifting ownership, controlled by the capitalists. The exploitation and commodification of the existence of essential values [4]. Traditional architecture as part of the culture and native motivated by religious norms, local custom and based on conditions in nature [5]. An indigenous village and container settlement activity as part of the expression of society in fostering and creating a harmonious relationship with nature, fellow human beings and God. The village as one of the architectural heritage (artefact) the work of predecessors and village elder. According to Vitruvius (1414) which is incorporated in the opinion of Scott (1885-1929) as a work of architecture that it contains three elements of space, form and aesthetics related to space and directly related to the function and form of which is born of the function (orm follow function). But the character of the natural environment also can influence the shape [6]. According to Habraken (1988) there are three ways to classify the form of architecture, namely: spatial systems, physical systems and display systems. Developments in the tourism sector resulted in changes to the necessities of life, livelihoods, lifestyles, social interactions and various other aspects. The linkage and attachment between facilities in villages that form the morphological architecture of the village, had to be observed. To get an overview and understanding of the relationship morphology village architecture development. Changes implicates three sides, namely: the creation of new village architecture morphology; morphology development and strengthening of existing village architecture; loss of morphological architecture of the original village. Morphological change the village's architecture can change the pattern of utilization, activity patterns of interaction and order custom value. The existence of local architecture and uniqueness of the village can be maintained. Given the role of village which is very central and strategic as the main container communities in managing local indigenous culture and traditions. One of the steps taken to pelesatarian that heritage is to identify the morphological interruption pariwista village architecture. The data is compiled and analyzed to get an overview of morphological architecture Bali Aga village in the coastal area.

II. Literature Review

The space is a place for an object / activity or when empty can be filled with an object / activity. As a three-dimensional space and can involve anything that needs a place therefore there must be limits on the space you want to talk about. The example space as territory. [7]. Formation of the place is determined by each interaction (civilitation), culture and society with a strong community [8]. More space is seen as a place of life, thus pengetian room was biosphere consisting of a portion of the geosphere (the skin surface of the earth to a depth of kir 3 meters in the ground and 200 m below sea level) and part of the atmosphere (up to approximately 30 m above the ground surface). The concept of spheres of life (the biosphere) is later changed (adjusted) limits into spaces that are based on human technological capabilities in accessing and utilizing existing resources in nature, so as to reach space far exceeds the natural limits of the previous [9]. According Constitution no. 26/2007 on Spatial Planning , the notion of territory is a space which is a geographical unit and all its associated elements are determined based on the boundary and system aspects of administrative and / or functional asfek . Spatial planning includes : a system of spatial planning processes , space utilization , and control the utilization of space . Spatial planning includes : a process for determining the structure and pattern of spaces which include the preparation and adoption of spatial planning . Pattern space : is the distribution of allotment of space in an area that includes the spatial allocation for protection functions and the allocation of space for cultivation function. The concept of spatial use the region show the relations among the various aspects of human resources, natural resources, resource-made, social, cultural, economic, technological, information, administration, defense and security, protection functions, cultivation and aesthetic environment, dimensions of space and time in unity thorough intact and form a spatial quality. The structure of space : the arrangement of settlements and infrastructure network systems and tools that support the social economy in society that its hierarchical structure. The concept of spatial structure includes the arrangement and order of the components of the natural environment of biological, environmental non-biological natural, artificial environment, and to the social hierarchy I Imagining the Sea : Ideals and Reality August 19, 2016 and functionally related to each other to form spatial (rural settlements, infrastructure and public facilities, roads, water, electricity, telecommunications). Six things that require special attention to the use value and changes in value of the land, among other things : 1) soil and improvement thereon is a special commodity that can not be moved and will dwell in the place of its location, the soil plays an important role with regard to the meaning of the value of land and value of amendments; 2) Soil and improvement thereon is a commodity, where there is no individual who can berakvitas without existence ; 3) Land and ownership changes are relatively rare ; 4 ) Soil is something permanent and improved life expectancy into account many aspects ; 5) market changes occur in an instant, but use over long periods of time ; 6) Land and enhancement has many different uses that are not mutually exclusive for the users [ 10 ].

II.1. Morfologi Arsitektur Bali Aga The village is a whole region with the order of social and cultural life of society, has the management authority villages based on the Hindu religion, traditions and local customs. It can be said that a village is a space vessel that settlement activity is within a region. Bali Aga architecture is the architecture flourished during the ancient Balinese culture and has a different character with traditional Balinese architecture in the plain good views physical expression and spatial concepts used. The villages have unique facilities and very local, which often differ from one village to another village. For Bali Aga village located in coastal areas will have immediate area where Melasti ceremony. The similarity to the traditions and cultural arts, such ordinances do not use tirta cremation death of the pastor only use tirta local area. Selonding sacral art such as gamelan, dance Sangyang, and others. There is a tradition of cockfighting called red drum, and others [1]. Bali Aga's architectural characteristics often use a single period for occupancy, has a simple shape, and do not use the barrier / border wall to limit the footprint of residential houses. The pattern of settlement space typically uses a linear pattern or pole [11]. Bali Aga village architecture based on cultural traditions and its location can be divided into three types: the architecture of Bali Aga village in the mountainous region, the architecture of Bali Aga in the highlands and the architecture of the Bali Aga village in the coastal area. There are three classifications of building functions in traditional Balinese architecture, namely : the function of worship, housing function, social function. Traditional spatial planning involves various forms of outdoor space that is expressed in a region (palemahan) both between regions with regions and between buildings with area / open space [ 12 ] . The focus outlines spaces with radius - specified radius in relation to the existence of the temple / place pemujaaan , open spaces , and use patterns in relation to the development of villages and areas for specific purposes such as tourism, economy, government, agriculture, buffer, conservation areas etc. [ 13 ]. Structuring the spatial pattern of Balinese architecture based on the concepts and rules of traditional orientation, low tingggi somewhere, and the hierarchy of values of space. Orientation towards the mountains (kaja) have major value, the plain (center) has a middle value, towards the sea (kelod) has a value insult. In hierarchical form segments: primary, intermediate, contemptible. The combination of the composition of the main segments, middle, contemptible in the north-south direction (kaja-kelod) with east-west direction (kangin-kauh) will establish nine segments called Sang

Figure 1. Morfologi of Bali - Village - Sattlements Source: Author modification from Public of Work I Imagining the Sea : Ideals and Reality August 19, 2016 a Mandala. Patterns puts consider the area an open space / palemahan, so that the necessary distances of the building to the surrounding environment. This distance from the module using human anthropometry size of ajengkal, amusti, atapak, adepa, apenimpugan apeneleng alit until apeneleng sublime. Implementation will take into account the spatial carefully outdoor spaces as the spaces between the buildings to other buildings, especially the sacred building sacred such as: heaven Jagat Pura, Pura Kahyangan Tiga, Pura Swagina and so forth. Traditional spatial planning involves various forms of outdoor space that is expressed in a region (palemahan) both between regions with regions and between buildings with area / open space. The focus outlines spaces with radius - specified radius in relation to the existence of the temple / place pemujaaan, open spaces, and use patterns in relation to the development of villages and areas for specific purposes such as touris, economy, government, agriculture, buffer, conservation areas and so forth

II. 2. Pariwisata dan Interupsi According to Stuart Hall, developments in modern countries shows that when the ruling conservatives, liberal democracy becomes more interrupted, involved himself in every field of life. Build a system that is active in the field of economic repression [14]. Interruptions ideology and globalization allow in all countries and regions pleases. The villages in the coastal areas has proven to be the target of many parties and some have been controlled by the capitalists, imprealis with a wide variety of forms. History shows that the arrival of outsiders has always started from the coast. Neo corporate, conglomerate, tourism, and others as a consequence of globalization can cause komudifikasi and degradation [14, 4, 3]. Degradation of cultural values and physical values blur the identity and character of the pattern of a traditional village space Uniqueness and all s typical cultural values of local wisdom that is positive so it deserves to be preserved and developed. Therefore it is necessary to explore the traditional cultural values in spatial aspect as the basis for the development of sustainable architecture and the conservation of the values contained in it [15]. The model of political ideology based on the text of the classic political spectrum are widely used as the principal media and public political debate. Shows that there are two poles of the left and right, and center. The left side symbolizes understand the radical and individualist, the right side as a symbol konservasif understanding and togetherness, as well as the central part of the center of balance as a moderate understanding. Both poles are going to fight and move dynamically to pursue victory and gain power and influence. In line with the movement of rationalization and the existence of this ideology will be connected with things like : ideology and justice, ideology and morality, and idologi and freedom. The whole ideology has norm, and believe that politics is the key to social change [16]. Konservasif is one of the modern political ideologies which can mengkomodasi rational tradition, changes, logical contradictions as well as ideas that are resistant. Everything to gain an integrated policy with the thought in the past, resulting in a combination of several ideas. An example is the conservation of liberal ideology to accept the changes openly Socialism combines tradition, social democratic and liberal traditions were new, This understanding can be an alternative construction is provided for konsevasif and capitalist liberalism [17]. There are two parts of learning about the culture, namely: cultural theory and cultural studies, they should be placed in a frame different purpose, namely meanings and knowledge. In the evaluation of contemporary culture and the custom analysis in dealing with the nations of modern and postmodern, cultural studies taken into consideration the implications for the political power of culture. According to Bourdieu capitalist production and consumption that needs to be less fundamental and more focus on the exchange of cultural symbols. Since the 20th century capitalists began to develop a fundamental requirement in : food, clothing and shelter that has been based on the theory of new needs and new motivation for it. It becomes fundamental in the competition to manufacture and market the product, [18]. Capitalists can build a relationship with power, and the institutions of the state apparatus. The state is not neutral in the exercise of power but are tied structured relations with the capitalist economy to protect the conditions of capitalist groups and creating social format. The structure of corporate politics are separate, being with the parliament, bureaucracy and stakeholder groups. Panitch found corporatisme appearance associated with the effort to control the political and I Imagining the Sea : Ideals and Reality August 19, 2016 economic power of the working class, followed by Offe concludes that corporatisme is particularly concerned about the collaboration that induce other countries [19 . Language is the main agent in controlling the crisis of capitalis. Functional space allows restricted and formalization of discourse through electoral politics. Therefore, the spatial organization of society is part of the linguistic structure of political realit, as the ultimate goal of social control [19]. Neo Corporate and globalization are two things that a trending topic of debate in discussing the concepts of political economy. Globalization explored for 30 years and was introduced by Ted Wheelwright in 1986 on the international scene as a concept of political economy. Globalization as pooling and loss of ideological barrier seal between countries in the world to create an international unification era. Globalization has understood pooling the resources of both the capital, labor, state, and non-governmental organizations to establish international capitalism, freedom of the country on interest, have implications for the democratic process, to win and beat. Globalization creates rapid changes contain a challenge and an opportunity. Therefore, globalization can create a business on a global scale, is the basis for the birth of transnational corporations (TNCs) - neo corporate, conglomerates, the negation of the market, an international division of labor is changing the system, the balance of strength changes [14, 20]. A change in the structure of employment is based on the management of the theories related to the commodity and its value, the value of the labor theory of value and price, value and surplus value, surplus value as a source of profit, exploitation and struggle [14]. Basically the system and this exploitation can reach all places on earth. Tourism meninterupsi Bali Aga villages in the coastal areas in Karangasem regency.

III. Method

This paper is based on research carried out in three of Bali Aga village that has beach area , in the district of Karangasem, namely : Perasi Village , Village Bugbug and Desa Seraya. The study was conducted with a qualitative analysis based on the data, facts, or a number of empirical phenomena. Approaches to acquire scientific knowledge by drawing conclusions that generally is a generalization of data, facts or phenomena impiris some specific and limited, then form a single idea or proposition which is considered correct and generally accepted [21]. Data collection techniques used are: literature, observation, interviews and oral tradition. The data collected was analyzed by the following stages: identifikas and data compilation systematically; make tabulations ; make a qualitative and quantitative analysis ; summing up the results .

IV. Result and Discussion

To discuss how tourism mennginterupsi morphological architecture Bali Aga village in the district of Karanagsem, then the discussion is performed with the view of two things : First of matters relating to the state of tourism activities ; Both matters related to tourism on the interruption reality morphology village architecture .

IV.1. Tourism Generally Bali establish development policies at the three main areas, namely : cultural tourism, agriculture and industry in the broad sense of the household. On the other hand sector's largest local revenue comes from taxes on motor vehicles. Regional autonomy is centralized in the district, causing the district vying to increase local revenue in ways that do not conform with the character of the region, there is even a memorable imposing and detrimental to society and the excessive exploitation of natural resources. Karangasem regency rely on the mining tax quarrying C, as well as trying to get a local revenues from the tourism sector. This work is done by opening the majority of coastal areas and other areas of potential to be a function of tourism, through the product policy of Regional Regulation. Candidasa Tourism area, Ujung Tourism Region, Region of tourism Amed and Tulamben I Imagining the Sea : Ideals and Reality August 19, 2016

Tourism Region. Bugbug village, Perasi village, Seraya village and some other villages designated as rural districts as rural buffer setrategis cultural tourism. Bugbung village and village Perasi entry into the territory of Candidasa Tourism Region. This area is determined on the basis of Karangasem District Regulation No. 34 / KPTS / DPRD / 2003 Date August 25, 2003. This area along 24 km, stretches of beach Bias Tugel in Padangbai Village area eastward to the beach area Jasri Kelod, PremÂise with a depth of 1 km towards inland from the coastline. The area of 2,400 hectares Candidasa Tourism. Desa Seraya into the tip of Tourism Region. In the region defined by Karangasem District Regulation No. 34 / KPTS / DPRD / 2003 Date August 25, 2003. This area stretches along 15 km of beach Ujung village, Tumbi, Seraya West Coast, Coastal Seraya Seraya Beach and East. The total area is 2,250 hectares, PremÂise with a depth of 1.5 km towards inland from the coastline Efforts determination of this region often incompatible and contradictory to the characteristics and potential of the area concerned. Many regional coastal areas that have been promulgated in the direncankan and local regulations are not realized. This area became a commodity and land travel property investment for investors, conglomerates and investors. Land conversion and land price surge is very fast, new functions are included in the region led to "grabbing" communal public spaces between functions with private functions. Shrinking komonitas traditional professions were urged by travel industry community activities of a commercial nature and modern. Some konplik interest between farmers, fishermen and tourism actors. Contradiction between the philosophy of exploiting coastal religious social functions with private functions propane. Fishermen fishing are not free, Melasti ritual procession, ngangkid, ngulapin and other indigenous traditions began to fail and get a challenge from tourist activity. The above condition is contrary to the principles of social justice, in which the principle of social justice distribution can be measured by three criteria: (a) as a requirement, (b) contribution to the public good, and (c) of expediency. The principles of social justice as a geographical application consists of three parts, among other things: 1) Organization of spatial and regional investment patterns should be in accordance with the needs of the population and we first establish social justice as a method to determine and quantify the needs; 2) The spatial organization and resource allocation pattern of the region that provides an extra advantage in the form of the adequacy of primary needs and secondary needs in other regions through excess efects, the multiplier effect as the shapes and organissai spatial allocation; 3) Deviation from the area in accordance with the investment pattern of tolerance, a design that meets the environmental specifications, contribute to the public good [10]. There are three elements in building rules, among others: Compliance with the surroundings (location, land use, height and large building, looking along the road and a dirt-covered buildings); The effects from the outside (the attainment of the road network, the arrangement of outer space, public facilities, security surveillance systems and nature conservation); Architectural elements (orientation, style and proportions, roof, space, details of the architecture, color and processions [22]. In order to organize and design a new environment that can display characters neighborhood patterns of traditional Balinese architecture, as part of the preservation it can be done step - lankah as follows : Adoption and modification patterns established traditional environment ; Adjust to the regional rural development; Accommodated social facilities and public facilities needed today. Conception of harmony with the environment can be described on the following basis : prioritizing the utilization of local natural resources, prioritizing the utilization of local human resources and prioritizing the potential application of physical patterns of local architecture. There are values that affect spatial structure in relation to the phenomenon of spatial role in rural environment as well as a region.

I Imagining the Sea : Ideals and Reality August 19, 2016

IV.2. Interruptions Tourism In Bali Aga Architectural Morphology

Figure 2. In the area of gardens, fields and beaches change konplik functions and the utilization of space in the Village Bugbug and Village Perasi Source : Author modification from Google map, observastion 2016.

Figure 3. Morfologi of Bugbug and Perasi Village Source : Author modification from Public of Work, Google Map and Observation 2016.

According to Rappoport spatial Isik an environment where there is an organizational relationship between various objects and humans apart in certain spaces. Ketataruangan conceptually emphasis on the most dependent of [23] : (a ) The process of specializing in an area of activity in accordance with the functional ; (b) the physical availability of procurement processes that address the need for space for activities such as shape the workplace , housing , transport and communication ; (c) The procurement process and the incorporation of this fabric of space between different parts above the earth's surface , which is placed at the top of the activity space, as well as the inside that contains a variety of resources that need to be seen that integratik . Rappoport also argues that there are five basic elements of the design and planning of areas, namely: (a) Home range (space human activities), which limits the movement of regular general population consisting of some settings or locations, as well as a liaison between the network settings. Each individual resident has a radius of a certain range; (b) Core area (core area) can be either wards I Imagining the Sea : Ideals and Reality August 19, 2016 housing and the village is compact, with a social system yamg relatively viscous, or also in the form of clusters of activities every day appear, organized by a group of people who know each other personally, between another form of the market environment, or one part of a particular shopping area; (c) Territory (territory), is one specific area that is owned and maintained, both physical and non-physical (with rules or certain norms). This territory is usually maintained by a group of people who have the same interests and agree with each other to control the area; (e) Juridiction (controlled area), is an area that is dominated and controlled by a group of residents on a temporary basis; (f) Personal distance / space (personal space) is a distance or area where intervention by others will be felt disturb by someone. Tends physical boundary, but usually do not have the physical appearance of a clear and flexible. Every individual has different personal distance limit, and change depending on the context of the existing settings. Traditional architecture in Indonesia are part of the architecture vernakuler that have historically been tied to tradition. In general, traditional architecture is determined by cosmology, prioritizing value relegi and ritual, undervaluation corporeal, tied to social and kinship structures, adaptive to the nature / environment and built with the technology of wood / bamboo. The development forms by outsiders often less successful because of differences in viewpoint. An outsider looking at the physical comfort as the main criteria, which in fact is not overlooked in traditional architecture. Ethnographic approach is needed, where outsiders learn from the community about the value and form of which most of their priority and how the development process, including rites that must be done. Outsiders should act as a facilitator, while the decision to remain in the traditional community of how they want to develop. Public space is a space designed to be accessed by the public as a means of interaction, get a room in the building, or open spaces such as squares, parks and other public spaces etc. in a village / town can reveal patterns of activity and community understanding of public space [24].

V. CONCLUSION

Based on the study of morphological architecture Bali Aga village that has the coastal areas (Village Perasi, Village Bugbug and Village Seraya) Karangasem District, concluded among other things : (a) industry and tourism has changed the functions and activities in coastal areas , the function of the coastal areas of change of the functions of conservation , agriculture and green open spaces into tourist accommodation. (b) Changes in coastal areas and the functions of the environment has been formalized by the issuance of local regulations, which is adjusted to the interests of corporations and the travel industry investor ; (c) lands in coastal areas has been largely dominated by investors and the remainder becomes the next target. Land became a commodity business travel properties that are beneficial for the investors, so no longer used for agriculture, as the previous function. Based on the reality and studies may be submitted several suggestions. Suggestions as an alternative contribute ideas for the parties concerned into consideration remedy. As for the suggestion, among others : ( a) Cultural tourism should be run by local community social conditions ; (b) Development, structuring, development and functionality changes that have occurred and plan any changes that will be done so oriented to the values of local spatial, acomudation interest of communities and traditions that already exist.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

High appreciation sent to the parties who have contributed and provided support, respectful Kliang Perasi Village, Village Kliang Bugbug and Kliang Desa Seraya with the entire community with the permission and the opportunity to melalkukan survey ; fellow lecturer at the Department of Architecture, engineering faculty at Udayana University on the motives and borrowing literature to supplement the data ; keluaraga friends and for all the support and prayers.

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