DOCSLIB.ORG

The World Factbook Appendix F

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The World Factbook Appendix F The World Factbook Appendix F :: Cross-Reference List of Geographic Names Entry in The World Latitude Longitude Name Factbook (deg min) (deg min) Abidjan (capital) Cote d'Ivoire 5 19 N 4 02 W Abkhazia (region) Georgia 43 00 N 41 00 E Abu Dhabi (capital) United Arab Emirates 24 28 N 54 22 E Abu Musa (island) Iran 25 52 N 55 03 E Abuja (capital) Nigeria 9 12 N 7 11 E Abyssinia (former name for Ethiopia) Ethiopia 8 00 N 38 00 E Acapulco (city) Mexico 16 51 N 99 55 W Accra (capital) Ghana 5 33 N 0 13 W Adamstown (capital) Pitcairn Islands 25 04 S 130 05 W Addis Ababa (capital) Ethiopia 9 02 N 38 42 E Adelie Land (claimed by France; also Terre Antarctica 66 30 S 139 00 E Adelie) Aden (city) Yemen 12 46 N 45 01 E Aden, Gulf of Indian Ocean 12 30 N 48 00 E Admiralty Island United States (Alaska) 57 44 N 134 20 W Admiralty Islands Papua New Guinea 2 10 S 147 00 E Adriatic Sea Atlantic Ocean 42 30 N 16 00 E Adygey (region) Russia 44 30 N 40 10 E Aegean Islands Greece 38 00 N 25 00 E Aegean Sea Atlantic Ocean 38 30 N 25 00 E Afars and Issas, French Territory of the (or Djibouti 11 30 N 43 00 E FTAI; former name for Djibouti) Afghanestan (local name for Afghanistan) Afghanistan 33 00 N 65 00 E Agalega Islands Mauritius 10 25 S 56 40 E Agana (city; former name for Hagatna) Guam 13 28 N 144 45 E Ajaccio (city) France (Corsica) 41 55 N 8 44 E Ajaria (region) Georgia 41 45 N 42 10 E Akmola (city; former name for Astana) Kazakhstan 51 10 N 71 30 E Aksai Chin (region) China (de facto), India (claimed) 35 00 N 79 00 E Al Arabiyah as Suudiyah (local name for Saudi Arabia 25 00 N 45 00 E Saudi Arabia) Al Bahrayn (local name for Bahrain) Bahrain 26 00 N 50 33 E Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah (local United Arab Emirates 24 00 N 54 00 E name for the United Arab Emirates) Al Iraq (local name for Iraq) Iraq 33 00 N 44 00 E Al Jaza'ir (local name for Algeria) Algeria 28 00 N 3 00 E Al Kuwayt (local name for Kuwait) Kuwait 29 30 N 45 45 E Al Maghrib (local name for Morocco) Morocco 32 00 N 5 00 W Al Urdun (local name for Jordan) Jordan 31 00 N 36 00 E Al Yaman (local name for Yemen) Yemen 15 00 N 48 00 E Aland Islands Finland 60 15 N 20 00 E Alaska (state) United States 65 00 N 153 00 W Alaska, Gulf of Pacific Ocean 58 00 N 145 00 W Alboran Sea Atlantic Ocean 36 00 N 2 30 W Aldabra Islands (Groupe d'Aldabra) Seychelles 9 25 S 46 22 E Alderney (island) Guernsey 49 43 N 2 12 W Aleutian Islands United States (Alaska) 52 00 N 176 00 W Alexander Archipelago (island group) United States (Alaska) 57 00 N 134 00 W Alexander Island Antarctica 71 00 S 70 00 W Alexandretta (region; former name for Turkey 36 34 N 36 08 E Iskenderun) Alexandria (city) Egypt 31 12 N 29 54 E Algiers (capital) Algeria 36 47 N 2 03 E Alhucemas, Penon de (island group) Spain 35 13 N 3 53 W Alma-Ata (city; former name for Almaty) Kazakhstan 43 15 N 76 57 E Almaty (former capital) Kazakhstan 43 15 N 76 57 E Alofi (capital) Niue 19 01 S 169 55 W Alphonse Island Seychelles 7 01 S 52 45 E Alsace (region) France 48 30 N 7 20 E Amami Strait Pacific Ocean 28 40 N 129 30 E Amindivi Islands (former name for India 11 30 N 72 30 E Laccadive Islands) Amirante Isles (island group; also Les Seychelles 6 00 S 53 10 E Amirantes) Amman (capital) Jordan 31 57 N 35 56 E Amsterdam (capital) Netherlands 52 23 N 4 54 E French Southern and Antarctic Amsterdam Island (Ile Amsterdam) 37 52 S 77 32 E Lands Amundsen Sea Southern Ocean 72 30 S 112 00 W Amur River China, Russia 52 56 N 141 10 E Amurskiy Liman (strait) Pacific Ocean 53 00 N 141 30 E Anadyrskiy Zaliv (gulf) Pacific Ocean 64 00 N 177 00 E Anatolia (region) Turkey 39 00 N 35 00 E Andaman Islands India 12 00 N 92 45 E Andaman Sea Indian Ocean 10 00 N 95 00 E Andorra la Vella (capital) Andorra 42 30 N 1 30 E Andros (island) Greece 37 45 N 24 42 E Andros Island The Bahamas 24 26 N 77 57 W Anegada Passage Atlantic Ocean 18 30 N 63 40 W Angkor Wat (ruins) Cambodia 13 26 N 103 50 E Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (former name for Sudan 15 00 N 30 00 E Sudan) Anjouan (island) Comoros 12 15 S 44 25 E Ankara (capital) Turkey 39 56 N 32 52 E Annobon (island) Equatorial Guinea 1 25 S 5 36 E Antananarivo (capital) Madagascar 18 52 S 47 30 E Antigua (island) Antigua and Barbuda 14 34 N 90 44 W Antipodes Islands New Zealand 49 41 S 178 43 E Antwerp (city) Belgium 51 13 N 4 25 E Aomen (local Chinese short-form name for Macau 22 10 N 113 33 E Macau) Aozou Strip (region) Chad 22 00 N 18 00 E Apia (capital) Samoa 13 50 S 171 44 W Aqaba, Gulf of Indian Ocean 29 00 N 34 30 E Arab, Shatt al (river) Iran, Iraq 29 57 N 48 34 E Arabian Sea Indian Ocean 15 00 N 65 00 E Arafura Sea Pacific Ocean 9 00 S 133 00 E Aral Sea Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan 45 00 N 60 00 E Argun River China, Russia 53 20 N 121 28 E Aru Sea Pacific Ocean 6 15 S 135 00 E As-Sudan (local name for Sudan) Sudan 15 00 N 30 00 E Saint Helena, Ascension, and Ascension Island 7 57 S 14 22 W Tristan da Cunha Ashgabat, Ashkhabad (capital) Turkmenistan 37 57 N 58 23 E Asmara, Asmera (capital) Eritrea 15 20 N 38 53 E Assumption Island Seychelles 9 46 S 46 34 E Astana (capital; formerly Akmola) Kazakhstan 51 10 N 71 30 E Asuncion (capital) Paraguay 25 16 S 57 40 W Asuncion Island Northern Mariana Islands 19 40 N 145 24 E Atacama (desert) Chile 23 00 S 70 10 W Atacama (region) Chile 24 30 S 69 15 W Athens (capital) Greece 37 59 N 23 44 E Attu Island United States 52 55 N 172 57 E Auckland (city) New Zealand 36 52 S 174 46 E Auckland Islands New Zealand 51 00 S 166 30 E Australes, Iles (island group; also Iles French Polynesia 23 20 S 151 00 W Tubuai) Avarua (capital) Cook Islands 21 12 S 159 46 W Axel Heiberg Island Canada 79 30 N 90 00 W Azad Kashmir (region) Pakistan 34 30 N 74 00 E Azarbaycan, Azerbaidzhan (local name for Azerbaijan 40 30 N 47 30 E Azerbaijan) Azores (islands) Portugal 38 30 N 28 00 W Azov, Sea of Atlantic Ocean 49 00 N 36 00 E Bab el Mandeb (strait) Indian Ocean 12 40 N 43 20 E Babuyan Channel Pacific Ocean 18 44 N 121 40 E Babuyan Islands Philippines 19 10 N 121 40 E Baffin Bay Arctic Ocean 73 00 N 66 00 W Baffin Island Canada 68 00 N 70 00 W Baghdad (capital) Iraq 33 21 N 44 25 E Baku (capital; also Baki, Baky) Azerbaijan 40 23 N 49 51 E Balabac Strait Pacific Ocean 7 35 N 117 00 E Balearic Islands Spain 39 30 N 3 00 E Balearic Sea (Iberian Sea) Atlantic Ocean (Mediterranean Sea) 40 30 N 2 00 E Bali (island) Indonesia 8 20 S 115 00 E Bali Sea Indian Ocean 7 45 S 115 30 E Balintang Channel Pacific Ocean 19 49 N 121 40 E Balintang Islands Philippines 19 55 N 122 10 E Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, Balkan Peninsula Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, 42 00 N 23 00 E Serbia, Slovenia, Turkey (European part) Balleny Islands Antarctica 67 00 S 163 00 E Balochistan (region) Pakistan 28 00 N 63 00 E Baltic Sea Atlantic Ocean 57 00 N 19 00 E Bamako (capital) Mali 12 39 N 8 00 W Banaba (Ocean Island) Kiribati 0 52 S 169 35 E Banat (region) Hungary, Romania, Serbia 45 30 N 21 00 E Banda Sea Pacific Ocean 5 00 S 128 00 E Bandar Seri Begawan (capital) Brunei 4 53 N 114 56 E Bangka (island) Indonesia 2 30 S 106 00 E Bangkok (capital) Thailand 13 45 N 100 31 E Bangui (capital) Central African Republic 4 22 N 18 35 E Banjul (capital) The Gambia 13 28 N 16 39 W Banks Island Canada 75 15 N 121 30 W Banks Island Australia 10 12 S 142 16 E Banks Islands (Iles Banks) Vanuatu 14 00 S 167 30 E Barbuda (island) Antigua and Barbuda 17 38 N 61 48 W Barcelona (city) Spain 41 25 N 2 13 E Barents Sea Arctic Ocean 74 00 N 36 00 E Barents Sea Arctic Ocean 74 00 N 36 00 E Barranquilla (city) Colombia 10 59 N 74 48 W Bashi Channel Pacific Ocean 22 00 N 121 00 E Basilan Strait Pacific Ocean 6 49 N 122 05 E Basque Provinces Spain 43 00 N 2 30 W Bass Strait Pacific Ocean 39 20 S 145 30 E Bassas da India Indian Ocean 21 30 S 39 50 E Basse-Terre (capital) France (Guadeloupe) 16 00 N 61 44 W Basseterre (capital) Saint Kitts and Nevis 17 18 N 62 43 W Bastia (city) France (Corsica) 42 42 N 9 27 E Basutoland (former name for Lesotho) Lesotho 29 30 S 28 30 E Batan Islands Philippines 20 30 N 121 50 E Bavaria (region; also Bayern) Germany 48 30 N 11 30 E Beagle Channel Atlantic Ocean 54 53 S 68 10 W Bear Island (see Bjornoya) Svalbard 74 26 N 19 05 E Beaufort Sea Arctic Ocean 73 00 N 140 00 W Bechuanaland (former name for Botswana) Botswana 22 00 S 24 00 E Beijing (capital) China 39 56 N 116 24 E Beirut (capital) Lebanon 33 53 N 35 30 E Bekaa Valley Lebanon 34 00 N 36 05 E Belau (Palau Islands) Palau 7 30 N 134 30 E Belep Islands (Iles Belep) New Caledonia 19 45 S 163 40 E Belfast (city) United Kingdom 54 36 N 5 55 W Belgian Congo (former name for Democratic Democratic Republic of the Congo 0 00 N 25 00 E Republic of the Congo) Belgie, Belgique (local name for Belgium) Belgium 50 50 N 4 00 E Belgrade (capital) Serbia 44 50 N 20 30 E Belize City Belize 17 30 N 88 12 W Belle Isle, Strait of Atlantic Ocean 51 35 N 56 30 W Bellingshausen Sea Southern Ocean 71 00 S 85 00 W Belmopan (capital) Belize 17 15 N 88 46 W Belorussia (former name for Belarus) Belarus 53 00 N 28 00 E Benadir (region; former name of Italian Somalia 4 00 N 46 00 E Somaliland) Bengal (region) Bangladesh, India 24 30 N 88 15 E Bengal, Bay of Indian Ocean 15 00 N 90 00 E Berau, Gulf of Pacific Ocean 2 30 S 132 30 E Bering Island Russia 55 00 N 166 30 E Bering Sea Pacific Ocean 60 00 N 175 00 W Bering Strait Pacific Ocean 65 30 N 169 00 W Berkner Island Antarctica 79 30 S 49 30 W Berlin (capital) Germany 52 31 N 13 24 E Berlin, East (former name for eastern sector Germany 52 30 N 13 33 E of Berlin) Berlin, West (former name for western Germany 52 30
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ocean Wave Characteristics in Indonesian Waters for Sea Transportation Safety and Planning
    IPTEK, The Journal for Technology and Science, Vol. 26, No. 1, April 2015 19 Ocean Wave Characteristics in Indonesian Waters for Sea Transportation Safety and Planning Roni Kurniawan1 and Mia Khusnul Khotimah2 AbstractThis study was aimed to learn about ocean wave characteristics and to identify times and areas with vulnerability to high waves in Indonesian waters. Significant wave height of Windwaves-05 model output was used to obtain such information, with surface level wind data for 11 years period (2000 to 2010) from NCEP-NOAA as the input. The model output data was then validated using multimission satellite altimeter data obtained from Aviso. Further, the data were used to identify areas of high waves based on the high wave’s classification by WMO. From all of the processing results, the wave characteristics in Indonesian waters were identified, especially on ALKI (Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lanes). Along with it, which lanes that have high potential for dangerous waves and when it occurred were identified as well. The study concluded that throughout the years, Windwaves-05 model had a magnificent performance in providing ocean wave characteristics information in Indonesian waters. The information of height wave vulnerability needed to make a decision on the safest lanes and the best time before crossing on ALKI when the wave and its vulnerability is likely low. Throughout the years, ALKI II is the safest lanes among others since it has been identified of having lower vulnerability than others. The knowledge of the wave characteristics for a specific location is very important to design, plan and vessels operability including types of ships and shipping lanes before their activities in the sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles of the Mediterranean and Black Seas
    Marine mammals and sea turtles of the Mediterranean and Black Seas MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEA BASINS Main seas, straits and gulfs in the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins, together with locations mentioned in the text for the distribution of marine mammals and sea turtles Ukraine Russia SEA OF AZOV Kerch Strait Crimea Romania Georgia Slovenia France Croatia BLACK SEA Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria Monaco Bosphorus LIGURIAN SEA Montenegro Strait Pelagos Sanctuary Gulf of Italy Lion ADRIATIC SEA Albania Corsica Drini Bay Spain Dardanelles Strait Greece BALEARIC SEA Turkey Sardinia Algerian- TYRRHENIAN SEA AEGEAN SEA Balearic Islands Provençal IONIAN SEA Syria Basin Strait of Sicily Cyprus Strait of Sicily Gibraltar ALBORAN SEA Hellenic Trench Lebanon Tunisia Malta LEVANTINE SEA Israel Algeria West Morocco Bank Tunisian Plateau/Gulf of SirteMEDITERRANEAN SEA Gaza Strip Jordan Suez Canal Egypt Gulf of Sirte Libya RED SEA Marine mammals and sea turtles of the Mediterranean and Black Seas Compiled by María del Mar Otero and Michela Conigliaro The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. Published by Compiled by María del Mar Otero IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain © IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Malaga, Spain Michela Conigliaro IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain Copyright © 2012 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources With the support of Catherine Numa IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain Annabelle Cuttelod IUCN Species Programme, United Kingdom Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the sources are fully acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • Ankara Üniversitesi DİL VE TARİH COĞRAFYA Fakültesi Dergisi
    D.T.C.F. Kütüphanesi Ankara Üniversitesi DİL VE TARİH COĞRAFYA Fakültesi Dergisi Cilt XX Sayı: 3-4 Temmuz - Aralık 1962 KIBRIS MÜŞAHEDELERİ1 Prof. Dr. Cevat R. GÜRSOY Bundan seksenbeş yıl önce Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun bir parçası iken, padişahın hükümranlık hakkı mahfuz kalmak üzere fiilî idaresi İngiltere'ye terkedilen, fakat 16 Ağustos 1960 tarihinden beri müstakil bir devlet haline gelmiş bulunan Kıbrıs adası, bugünün en çok ilgi toplayan konularından birini teşkil etmektedir. Muhtelif meslekten insanların gittikçe daha yakından meşgul olduğu bu eski yurt parçasına, ötedenberi Akdeniz memleketleri üzerinde: çalış­ tığımız için hususî bir alâka duymakta idik. Bu sebeple 1959 ve 1960 yaz tatillerinde Kıbrıs'a giderek onu yakından tanımaya karar verdik ve bütün adayı dolaşarak coğrafî müşahedeler yaptık. Bu müşahedelere imkân veren seyahatlerin yapılmasında maddî ve manevî müzaherette bulunmuş olan Fakültemiz Dekanlığı ile Ülkeler Coğrafyası Kürsü Profesörlüğüne, Kıbrıs Türk Kurumları Federasyonu Başkanlığına, Kıbrıs Türk Maarif Dairesi Müdür ve elemanlarına, orada yakın ilgilerini gördüğümüz eski ve yeni öğrencilerimize ve nihayet misafirperver Kıbrıslı Türk kardeşlerimize teşekkürü, yerine getirilmesi icabeden bir vazife sayarız. Kıbrıs hakkında yazılmış birçok eser ve makale vardır. Bunlar arasında seyahatnamelerle tarihi, siyasi, arkeolojik ve jeolojik çalışmalar zikredilmeye değer. 1929 senesinden evvel neşredilmiş olan 1500 den fazla eser, makale, 1) Türk Coğrafya Kurumu tarafından Konya'da tertip edilmiş olan XIII. Coğrafya Meslek Haftasında, 12 Kasım 1959 tarihinde verilen münakaşalı konferansın metni olup 1960 da ya­ pılan yeni müşahedelerle kısmen tadil ve tevsi edilmiştir. Ayrıca 1963 yılı Ocak ayında Alman­ ya'nın Hamburg Coğrafya Cemiyetinde, Kiel Üniversitesinde ve son olarak Samsun'da tertip edilen XV. Coğrafya Meslek Haftasında 1 Haziran 1963 tarihinde Kıbrıs hakkında konferanslar verilmiştir.
    [Show full text]
  • World Cruise - 2022 Use the Down Arrow from a Form Field
    This document contains both information and form fields. To read information, World Cruise - 2022 use the Down Arrow from a form field. 20 world JAN 5, 2022 JAN 19, 2022 JAN 19, 2022 JAN 5, 2022 111 days 111 days 97 days 88 days 22 cruise roundtrip from roundtrip from Los Angeles to Ft. Lauderdale Ft. Lauderdale Los Angeles Ft. Lauderdale to Rome Florence/Pisa (Livorno) Genoa Rome (Civitavecchia) Catania Monte Carlo (Sicily) MONACO ITALY Naples Marseille Mykonos FRANCE GREECE Kusadasi PORTUGAL Atlantic Barcelona Heraklion Ocean SPAIN (Crete) Los Angeles Lisbon TURKEY UNITED Bermuda Ceuta Jerusalem/Bethlehem STATES (West End) (Spanish Morocco) Seville (Ashdod) ine (Cadiz) ISRAEL Athens e JORDAN Dubai Agadir (Piraeus) Aqaba Pacific MEXICO Madeira UNITED ARAB Ocean MOROCCO l Dat L (Funchal) Malta EMIRATES Ft. Lauderdale CANARY (Valletta) Suez Abu ISLANDS Canal Honolulu Huatulco Dhabi ne inn Puerto Santa Cruz Lanzarote OMAN a a Hawaii r o Hilo Vallarta NICARAGUA (Arrecife) de Tenerife Salãlah t t Kuala Lumpur I San Juan del Sur Cartagena (Port Kelang) Costa Rica COLOMBIA Sri Lanka PANAMA (Puntarenas) Equator (Colombo) Singapore Equator Panama Canal MALAYSIA INDONESIA Bali SAMOA (Benoa) AMERICAN Apia SAMOA Pago Pago AUSTRALIA South Pacific South Indian Ocean Atlantic Ocean Ocean Perth Auckland (Fremantle) Adelaide Sydney New Plymouth Burnie Picton Departure Ports Tasmania Christchurch More Ashore (Lyttelton) Overnight Fiordland NEW National Park ZEALAND up to continentscontinents (North America, South America, 111 51 Australia, Europe, Africa
    [Show full text]
  • UK Overseas Territories
    INFORMATION PAPER United Kingdom Overseas Territories - Toponymic Information United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs), also known as British Overseas Territories (BOTs), have constitutional and historical links with the United Kingdom, but do not form part of the United Kingdom itself. The Queen is the Head of State of all the UKOTs, and she is represented by a Governor or Commissioner (apart from the UK Sovereign Base Areas that are administered by MOD). Each Territory has its own Constitution, its own Government and its own local laws. The 14 territories are: Anguilla; Bermuda; British Antarctic Territory (BAT); British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT); British Virgin Islands; Cayman Islands; Falkland Islands; Gibraltar; Montserrat; Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands; Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Turks and Caicos Islands; UK Sovereign Base Areas. PCGN recommend the term ‘British Overseas Territory Capital’ for the administrative centres of UKOTs. Production of mapping over the UKOTs does not take place systematically in the UK. Maps produced by the relevant territory, preferably by official bodies such as the local government or tourism authority, should be used for current geographical names. National government websites could also be used as an additional reference. Additionally, FCDO and MOD briefing maps may be used as a source for names in UKOTs. See the FCDO White Paper for more information about the UKOTs. ANGUILLA The territory, situated in the Caribbean, consists of the main island of Anguilla plus some smaller, mostly uninhabited islands. It is separated from the island of Saint Martin (split between Saint-Martin (France) and Sint Maarten (Netherlands)), 17km to the south, by the Anguilla Channel.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystems Mario V
    Ecosystems Mario V. Balzan, Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Najet Aroua, Virginie Baldy, Magda Bou Dagher, Cristina Branquinho, Jean-Claude Dutay, Monia El Bour, Frédéric Médail, Meryem Mojtahid, et al. To cite this version: Mario V. Balzan, Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Najet Aroua, Virginie Baldy, Magda Bou Dagher, et al.. Ecosystems. Cramer W, Guiot J, Marini K. Climate and Environmental Change in the Mediterranean Basin -Current Situation and Risks for the Future, Union for the Mediterranean, Plan Bleu, UNEP/MAP, Marseille, France, pp.323-468, 2021, ISBN: 978-2-9577416-0-1. hal-03210122 HAL Id: hal-03210122 https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03210122 Submitted on 28 Apr 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Climate and Environmental Change in the Mediterranean Basin – Current Situation and Risks for the Future First Mediterranean Assessment Report (MAR1) Chapter 4 Ecosystems Coordinating Lead Authors: Mario V. Balzan (Malta), Abed El Rahman Hassoun (Lebanon) Lead Authors: Najet Aroua (Algeria), Virginie Baldy (France), Magda Bou Dagher (Lebanon), Cristina Branquinho (Portugal), Jean-Claude Dutay (France), Monia El Bour (Tunisia), Frédéric Médail (France), Meryem Mojtahid (Morocco/France), Alejandra Morán-Ordóñez (Spain), Pier Paolo Roggero (Italy), Sergio Rossi Heras (Italy), Bertrand Schatz (France), Ioannis N.
    [Show full text]
  • Indonesian Seas by Global Ocean Associates Prepared for Office of Naval Research – Code 322 PO
    An Atlas of Oceanic Internal Solitary Waves (February 2004) Indonesian Seas by Global Ocean Associates Prepared for Office of Naval Research – Code 322 PO Indonesian Seas • Bali Sea • Flores Sea • Molucca Sea • Banda Sea • Java Sea • Savu Sea • Cream Sea • Makassar Strait Overview The Indonesian Seas are the regional bodies of water in and around the Indonesian Archipelago. The seas extend between approximately 12o S to 3o N and 110o to 132oE (Figure 1). The region separates the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Figure 1. Bathymetry of the Indonesian Archipelago. [Smith and Sandwell, 1997] Observations Indonesian Archipelago is most extensive archipelago in the world with more than 15,000 islands. The shallow bathymetry and the strong tidal currents between the islands give rise to the generation of internal waves throughout the archipelago. As a result there are a very 453 An Atlas of Oceanic Internal Solitary Waves (February 2004) Indonesian Seas by Global Ocean Associates Prepared for Office of Naval Research – Code 322 PO large number of internal wave sources throughout the region. Since the Indonesian Seas boarder the equator, the stratification of the waters in this sea area does not change very much with season, and internal wave activity is expected to take place all year round. Table 2 shows the months of the year during which internal waves have been observed in the Bali, Molucca, Banda and Savu Seas Table 1 - Months when internal waves have been observed in the Bali Sea. (Numbers indicate unique dates in that month when waves have been noted) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 12111 11323 Months when Internal Waves have been observed in the Molucca Sea.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Investigation of the Energy Potential from Tidal Stream
    INVESTIGATION OF THE ENERGY POTENTIAL FROM TIDAL STREAM CURRENTS IN INDONESIA Kadir Orhan1, Roberto Mayerle1, Rangaswami Narayanan1 and Wahyu Widodo Pandoe2 In this paper, an advanced methodology developed for the assessment of tidal stream resources is applied to several straits between Indian Ocean and inner Indonesian seas. Due to the high current velocities up to 3-4 m/s, the straits are particularly promising for the efficient generation of electric power. Tidal stream power potentials are evaluated on the basis of calibrated and validated high-resolution, three-dimensional numerical models. It was found that the straits under investigation have tremendous potential for the development of renewable energy production. Suitable locations for the installation of the turbines are identified in all the straits, and sites have been ranked based on the level of power density. Maximum power densities are observed in the Bali Strait, exceeding around 10kw/m2. Horizontal axis tidal turbines with a cut-in velocity of 1m/s are considered in the estimations. The highest total extractable power resulted equal to about 1,260MW in the Strait of Alas. Preliminary assessments showed that the power production at the straits under investigation is likely to exceed previous predictions reaching around 5,000MW. Keywords: renewable energy; tidal stream currents; numerical model; Indonesia INTRODUCTION The global energy supply is facing severe challenges in terms of long-term sustainability, fossil fuel reserve exhaustion, global warming and other energy related environmental concerns, geopolitical and military conflicts surrounding oil rich countries, and secure supply of energy. Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, wave and tidal energy are capable of meeting the present and future energy demands with ease without inflicting any considerable damage to global ecosystem (Asif et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Bay of Bengal: from Monsoons to Mixing Ocethe Officiala Magazinen Ogof the Oceanographyra Societyphy
    The Oceanography Society Non Profit Org. THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE OCEANOGRAPHY SOCIETY P.O. Box 1931 U.S. Postage Rockville, MD 20849-1931 USA PAID Washington, DC ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED Permit No. 251 OceVOL.29, NO.2,a JUNEn 2016 ography Register now to attend this conference for international scientific profes- sionals and students. Virtually every facet of ocean color remote sensing and optical oceanography will be presented, including basic research, technological development, environmental management, and policy. October 23–28, 2016 | Victoria, BC, Canada Registration is open! The oral presentation schedule is available on the conference website Submission of abstracts for poster presentation remains open through summer 2016. www.oceanopticsconference.org Bay of Bengal: From Monsoons to Mixing OceTHE OFFICIALa MAGAZINEn ogOF THE OCEANOGRAPHYra SOCIETYphy CITATION Susanto, R.D., Z. Wei, T.R. Adi, Q. Zheng, G. Fang, B. Fan, A. Supangat, T. Agustiadi, S. Li, M. Trenggono, and A. Setiawan. 2016. Oceanography surrounding Krakatau Volcano in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia. Oceanography 29(2):264–272, http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.31. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.31 COPYRIGHT This article has been published in Oceanography, Volume 29, Number 2, a quarterly journal of The Oceanography Society. Copyright 2016 by The Oceanography Society. All rights reserved. USAGE Permission is granted to copy this article for use in teaching and research. Republication, systematic reproduction, or collective redistribution of any portion of this article by photocopy machine, reposting, or other means is permitted only with the approval of The Oceanography Society. Send all correspondence to: [email protected] or The Oceanography Society, PO Box 1931, Rockville, MD 20849-1931, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Indonesia's Transformation and the Stability of Southeast Asia
    INDONESIA’S TRANSFORMATION and the Stability of Southeast Asia Angel Rabasa • Peter Chalk Prepared for the United States Air Force Approved for public release; distribution unlimited ProjectR AIR FORCE The research reported here was sponsored by the United States Air Force under Contract F49642-01-C-0003. Further information may be obtained from the Strategic Planning Division, Directorate of Plans, Hq USAF. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rabasa, Angel. Indonesia’s transformation and the stability of Southeast Asia / Angel Rabasa, Peter Chalk. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. “MR-1344.” ISBN 0-8330-3006-X 1. National security—Indonesia. 2. Indonesia—Strategic aspects. 3. Indonesia— Politics and government—1998– 4. Asia, Southeastern—Strategic aspects. 5. National security—Asia, Southeastern. I. Chalk, Peter. II. Title. UA853.I5 R33 2001 959.804—dc21 2001031904 Cover Photograph: Moslem Indonesians shout “Allahu Akbar” (God is Great) as they demonstrate in front of the National Commission of Human Rights in Jakarta, 10 January 2000. Courtesy of AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE (AFP) PHOTO/Dimas. RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND® is a registered trademark. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of its research sponsors. Cover design by Maritta Tapanainen © Copyright 2001 RAND All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying,
    [Show full text]
  • 05. Dida Kusnida.Cdr
    Geo-Science J.G.S.M. Vol. 17 No. 2 Mei 2016 hal. 99 - 106 Depositional Modification in Seram Trough, Eastern Indonesia Modifikasi Pengendapan di Palung Seram, Indonesia Timur Dida Kusnida, Tommy Naibaho, and Yulinar Firdaus Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Djundjunan 236, Bandung-40174 [email protected] Naskah diterima : 1 Maret 2016, Revisi terakhir : 3 Mei 2016, Disetujui : 4 Mei 2016 Abstract - Seismic reflection profiles considered to Abstrak - Penampang rekaman seismik yang dianggap represent the morphotectonics of the study area and mewakili morfotektonik daerah studi dan diverifikasi verified by surficial sedimentary data presented in this dengan data sedimen permukaan yang disajikan dalam paper directed to understand the sedimentary depositional tulisan ini diarahkan untuk memahami dinamika dynamics. Seismic data interpretation results show the pengendapan sedimen. Hasil penafsiran data seismik gradation and sediment facies cycles in accordance with menunjukan gradasi dan siklus fasies sedimen sesuai the episode of tectonic activities, which is characterized by dengan episod aktivitas tektonik yang dicirikan oleh the avalanche of the Seram Trough base-of slopes longsoran material lereng Palung Seram. Data seismik materials. Seismic data reveal more than 1250 meters menunjukan lebih dari 1250 meter sedimen secara akustik acoustically chaotic to laminated, indicate fine-grained kaotik hingga berlapis, mencirikan sedimen berbutir sediments between slumps at its base of slope and fine halus antara slam pada lereng bagian bawah dan sedimen marine sediments at the trough floor. Thus, it suggests that marin halus pada lantai palung. Dengan demikian, diduga the Seram Trough is in the process of differential vertical bahwa Palung Seram berada dalam proses pergerakan movement causing depositional modification due to the vertikal diferensial yang menyebabkan terjadinya accretionary prism growths.
    [Show full text]
  • Wave Energy in the Balearic Sea. Evolution from a 29 Year Spectral Wave Hindcast
    1 Wave energy in the Balearic Sea. Evolution from a 29 2 year spectral wave hindcast a b,∗ c 3 S. Ponce de Le´on , A. Orfila , G. Simarro a 4 UCD School of Mathematical Sciences. Dublin 4, Ireland b 5 IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB). 07190 Esporles, Spain. c 6 Institut de Ci´enciesdel Mar (CSIC). 08003 Barcelona, Spain. 7 Abstract 8 This work studies the wave energy availability in the Western Mediterranean 9 Sea using wave simulation from January 1983 to December 2011. The model 10 implemented is the WAM, forced by the ECMWF ERA-Interim wind fields. 11 The Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) data from MetOp satellite and the 12 TOPEX-Poseidon altimetry data are used to assess the quality of the wind 13 fields and WAM results respectively. Results from the hindcast are the 14 starting point to analyse the potentiality of obtaining wave energy around 15 the Balearic Islands Archipelago. The comparison of the 29 year hindcast 16 against wave buoys located in Western, Central and Eastern basins shows a 17 high correlation between the hindcasted and the measured significant wave 18 height (Hs), indicating a proper representation of spatial and temporal vari- 19 ability of Hs. It is found that the energy flux at the Balearic coasts range 20 from 9:1 kW=m, in the north of Menorca Island, to 2:5 kW=m in the vicinity 21 of the Bay of Palma. The energy flux is around 5 and 6 times lower in 22 summer as compared to winter. 23 Keywords: Mediterranean Sea, WAM model, wave energy, wave climate 24 variability, ASCAT, TOPEX-Poseidon ∗Corresponding author PreprintEmail submitted address: [email protected] Elsevier(A.
    [Show full text]