DOCSLIB.ORG

Using Energy Statistics: the Basics of Energy Balances Faidon Papadimoulis – IEA Energy Data Centre

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Using energy statistics: the basics of energy balances Faidon Papadimoulis – IEA Energy Data Centre Regional Training Workshop on the Production of SEEA-Energy Accounts and Use of Energy Information for Policy, 17 – 20 December 2019, Almaty, Kazakhstan IEA 2019. All rights reserved. Energy Balances n A. Introductory elements n Importance of energy balances n Energy balance table n Benefits of energy balances n B. Technical details n How energy balances are calculated n Methodology options n IEA energy balance layout IEA 2019. All rights reserved. The importance of energy balances: bringing all information together “…An accounting framework for compilation of data on all energy products entering, exiting, and used within the national territory of a given country during a reference period.” Source: International Recommendations on Energy Statistics (IRES), UNSD, 2011 IEA 2019. All rights reserved. Why do we develop energy balances? ØTo understand overall energy use in country, i.e. § compute the total energy supply and use § assess relative contribution of different sources in energy mix and/or different sectors in energy demand § compute efficiencies of various transformation processes (e.g. electricity generation) ØTo estimate high-level indicators (i.e. self-sufficiency, energy intensity) and CO2 emissions from fuel comBustion ØTo assess data completeness and check quality of the various energy commodity balances IEA 2019. All rights reserved. Energy balance table How does it look like? IEA 2019. All rights reserved. Energy balance can be depicted as a Sankey chart https://www.iea.org/sankey/ IEA 2019. All rights reserved. The energy balance matrix ØColumns present the “commodity balances” for all products ØRows present the “flows of energy” across products ØTotal energy can be defined All data are comparable thanks to a common energy unit - IEA methodology uses ktoe IEA 2019. All rights reserved. Give your opinion ØTo convert mass to energy units, we need… § Specific gravity Typically in units of § Calorific value energy per mass or per volume § Emission factor IEA 2019. All rights reserved. Understanding the flows of energy Supply Rows present energy flows Transformation across the various products Final consumption Three main “blocks” of flows IEA 2019. All rights reserved. 1: Energy supply “High-level” information: Total primary energy supply, production, trade, totals, etc… Source: IEA, Key World Energy Statistics, 2019 IEA 2019. All rights reserved. 2: Transformation and energy sectors Transforming energy sources Input Output (coal) (electricity) The concept of transformation efficiency = output / input IEA 2019. All rights reserved. Give your opinion ØWhat is the average efficiency for a coal electricity-only power plant? § 37% § 52% § 65% Source: IEA, World Energy Balances, 2017 IEA 2019. All rights reserved. 3: Final consumption Deliveries of energy products to all final consumers IEA 2019. All rights reserved. And finally... ØWhat is the largest energy-consuming sector in the world? § Residential § Transport § Industry IEA 2019. All rights reserved. Answer ØWhat is the largest energy-consuming sector in the world? Total final consumption By sector in 2017 § Residential 4% Industry 9% 29% Transport 8% § Transport Residential Commerce and public 21% services § Industry Non-energy use 29% Other IEA 2019. All rights reserved. Source: IEA, World Energy Balances, 2019 Benefits of energy balances Some examples IEA 2019. All rights reserved. Using the energy balance with economic indicators • Population • GDP • Energy Production/TPES • Oil Supply/GDP • Net Oil Imports/GDP • Oil Supply/Population • TPES/GDP • Electricity Consumption/GDP • TPES/Population • Electricity Consumption/Population IEA 2019. All rights reserved. Developing high-level indicators • TPES per capita • TPES per GDP • TPES per GDP (PPP) • Net energy imports • Total CO2 emissions • CO2 emissions per capita • CO2 emissions per GDP • CO2 emissions per GDP (PPP) • CO2 intensity (TPES/ CO2) • Electricity final consumption www.iea.org/areas-of- work/data-and-statistics Coupling energy Balances data with various macro- Source: IEA 2019. All rights reserved. economic variaBles IEA, World Energy Balances, 2019 Estimating CO2 emissions from fuel combustion 35 30 Europe 25 Asia 20 Americas 15 Africa 10 Oceania Bunkers 5 0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 Based on energy Balances and Source: IEA, World CO2 Emissions IPCC methodologies from Fuel Combustion, 2019 IEA 2019. All rights reserved. Tracking official SDG targets World map: Modern renewaBle share in TFC, 2016 Derived from IEA’s Energy Balances: • SDG 7.2 on renewable energy • SDG 7.3 on energy efficiency • SDG 9.4 on emissions per value added Further targets monitored By IEA: • SDG 7.1 on access to electricity • SDG 7.1 on access to clean cooking • SDG 12.c on rationalising fossil-fuel subsidies Source: IEA, World Energy Balances, 2018 IEA 2019. All rights reserved. www.iea.org/sdg/ Beyond energy balances: monitoring energy efficiency Starting from energy Balances and getting more insights in energy efficiency Source: IEA, Energy Efficiency Indicators: Fundamentals on Statistics, 2016 IEA 2019. All rights reserved. Exercises Part 1 IEA 2019. All rights reserved. Technical details Process, structure, methodological choices IEA 2019. All rights reserved. How energy Balances are calculated IEA 2019. All rights reserved. Flow of data processing at the IEA Annual Questionnaires OR National puBlications, weBsites Coal Commodity Energy Statistics balances Oil Natural gas Renewables Electricity & Heat IEA 2019. All rights reserved. From energy statistics to energy balance – How? Statistics x Calorific Format Energy by product values change = balance x A calorific value • is the amount of heat obtained from one unit (mass or volume) of the fuel and is the only way to convert a fuel quantity from physical units (mass or volume) into energy units (e.g. ktoe). IEA 2019. All rights reserved. Calorific values – Key to data quality Commodity Bituminous Product 2 … coal balances Bituminous Product 2 kt m3 Net Calorific … coal Values Bituminous Product 2 TJ/kt TJ/m3 Energy … Production 100 balance coal TJ TJ Import 20 Production 23 (excerpt) Export 40 Import 25 Production 2300 Supply 80 Export 22.5 Import 500 Statistical 0 Export 900 differences Supply 1900 Input to 50 Input to 22 Statistical 200 Electricity Electricity differences … … Input to 1100 Electricity Final 30 Final 20 consumption consumption … …. Final 600 Need to collect good data…. for consumption physicalIEA 2019. All rights reserved. quantities AND calorific values …. Methodology options IEA 2019. All rights reserved. Energy balance methodological choices: 1. Common unit of account 2. Net vs. Gross calorific value approach 3. Calorific values by product 4. Primary energy form for energy transformations that do not involve combustion 5. Physical energy content vs. Partial substitution method IEA 2019. All rights reserved. 1. Which energy unit? Btu The IEA opted for: toe toe Joules Watt-hours IEA 2019. All rights reserved. 2. Net vs. Gross calorific values? The difference between NCV and GCV is the latent heat of vaporisation of the water produced during comBustion 5% 5% 10% IEA uses Net Calorific Values (NCVs) IEA 2019. All rights reserved. 3. Choice of calorific values by product For Coal, Natural Gas, Crude Oil and Oil products Calorific values vary: • over time (i.e. vary from year to year) • between commodities (i.e. coal ≠ oil products) • from country to country • from flow to flow (in some cases, i.e. trade ≠ consumption) IEA 2019. All rights reserved. 4a. How to determine primary equivalents for non-combustible sources? n ComBustiBle sources have measurable inputs in the context of a transformation (i.e. natural gas input for gas-fired generation) n But how about non-combustible sources like nuclear, geothermal, solar, wind, wave? The output is clear (electricity, heat), but how much is the input? ? ? ? IEA 2019. All rights reserved. 4b. What is the primary energy form for non-combustible sources? n We need to define the form of primary energy to be considered in the supply part for the following sources: Heat for: w nuclear electricity w geothermal (heat and electricity) w solar thermal heat Electricity for: w hydro w wind w wave/ocean w solar photovoltaics à First energy form downstream for which IEA 2019. All rights reserved. multiple energy uses are practical 5a. Method for calculating the primary energy equivalent (non-comBustiBle sources) IEA opted for: Physical energy content method w Primary energy equivalent refers to the physical energy content of the primary energy source chosen in the previous step. w Implied efficiencies are: Heat as primary energy form Electricity as primary energy form • 33% nuclear for electricity generation • 100% hydro • 10% geothermal for electricity generation • 100% wind • 50% geothermal for heat generation • 100% solar-PV IEA 2019. All rights reserved. 5b. Examples: primary energy equivalent calculation Primary energy equivalent Implied Efficiencies Energy Outputs 1 000 toe 1 000 toe 100% Wind Wind electricity 3 000 toe 1 000 toe 33% Nuclear Nuclear electricity 10 000 toe 1 000 toe 10% Geothermal Geothermal electricity 2 000 toe 1 000 toe 50% Geothermal Geothermal heat Primary energy equivalent = Energy outputs ÷ Implied efficiencies IEA 2019. All rights reserved. IEA energy Balance layout IEA 2019. All rights reserved. Key structural features of the IEA energy balance SUPPLY AND Coal Crude Oil Natural
Recommended publications
  • U.S. Energy in the 21St Century: a Primer

    U.S. Energy in the 21St Century: a Primer

    U.S. Energy in the 21st Century: A Primer March 16, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46723 SUMMARY R46723 U.S. Energy in the 21st Century: A Primer March 16, 2021 Since the start of the 21st century, the U.S. energy system has changed tremendously. Technological advances in energy production have driven changes in energy consumption, and Melissa N. Diaz, the United States has moved from being a net importer of most forms of energy to a declining Coordinator importer—and a net exporter in 2019. The United States remains the second largest producer and Analyst in Energy Policy consumer of energy in the world, behind China. Overall energy consumption in the United States has held relatively steady since 2000, while the mix of energy sources has changed. Between 2000 and 2019, consumption of natural gas and renewable energy increased, while oil and nuclear power were relatively flat and coal decreased. In the same period, production of oil, natural gas, and renewables increased, while nuclear power was relatively flat and coal decreased. Overall energy production increased by 42% over the same period. Increases in the production of oil and natural gas are due in part to technological improvements in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling that have facilitated access to resources in unconventional formations (e.g., shale). U.S. oil production (including natural gas liquids and crude oil) and natural gas production hit record highs in 2019. The United States is the largest producer of natural gas, a net exporter, and the largest consumer. Oil, natural gas, and other liquid fuels depend on a network of over three million miles of pipeline infrastructure.
  • Case Study Report: Energiewende – Mission-Oriented R&I Policies

    Case Study Report: Energiewende – Mission-Oriented R&I Policies

    Mission-oriented R&I policies: In-depth case studies Case Study Report Energiewende Hanna Kuittinen, Daniela Velte January 2018 Mission-oriented R&I policies: In-depth case studies European Commission Directorate-General for Research and Innovation Directorate A – Policy Development and coordination Unit A6 – Open Data Policy and Science Cloud Contact Arnold Weiszenbacher E-mail [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] European Commission B-1049 Brussels Manuscript completed in January 2018. This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. More information on the European Union is available on the internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2018 PDF ISBN 978-92-79-80159-4 doi: 10.2777/835267 KI-01-18-150-EN-N © European Union, 2018. Reuse is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The reuse policy of European Commission documents is regulated by Decision 2011/833/EU (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EU copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders EUROPEAN COMMISSION Mission-oriented R&I policies: In-depth case studies Case Study Report: Energiewende Hanna Kuittinen Daniela Velte 2018 Directorate-General for Research and Innovation Table of Contents 1 Summary of the case study ................................................................................... 3 2 Context and objectives of the initiative ................................................................... 5 2.1 Origins of initiative and the main contextual factors ........................................
  • The Best Energy Mix and the Need for Comprehensive Viewpoints

    The Best Energy Mix and the Need for Comprehensive Viewpoints

    IEEJ: April 2013 All Right Reserved The Best Energy Mix and the Need for Comprehensive Viewpoints Wednesday, November 16, 2011 Masakazu Toyoda The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan IEEJ: April 2013 All Right Reserved Contents 1. The Best Energy Mix from Comprehensive Viewpoints 2. Overall, There Is No Perfect Energy Option 3. Short- to Mid-Term Challenges to Achieving the Best Energy Mix 4. Mid- to Long-Term Challenges to Achieving the Best Energy Mix Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited. 2 IEEJ: April 2013 All Right Reserved 1. The Best Energy Mix from Comprehensive Viewpoints 1. When reviewing the energy mix, we must solve simultaneous equations with many variables. This requires objective and quantitative analyses. 2. The following variables are important: 1) S (safety) 2) Three Es (i) Energy security (ii) Economic efficiency (particularly in terms of cost) (iii) The environment (compatibility with mitigating global warming) 3) M (impacts on the macro economy) Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited. 3 IEEJ: April 2013 All Right Reserved 1. The Best Energy Mix from Comprehensive Viewpoints 1) S (safety) ● Safety is a prerequisite for energy policies and the activities of the energy industry itself. ● Safety is a measure of the overall competence in various areas including technology, appropriate regulatory framework, cooperation among national and local governments, and the allocation of responsibility among the national government, local governments and utilities. ● Since other energy options also have their advantages and disadvantages (in terms of supply stability, economic efficiency, global warming mitigation, etc.), completely phasing out nuclear power would incur significant risk. Japan must develop safer nuclear power, which is supported by people.
  • California's Energy Future

    California's Energy Future

    California’s Energy Future: The View to 2050 Summary Report May 2011 Jane C. S. Long (co-chair) LEGAL NOTICE This report was prepared pursuant to a contract between the California Energy Commission (CEC) and the California Council on Science and Technology (CCST). It does not represent the views of the CEC, its employees, or the State of California. The CEC, the State of California, its employees, contractors, and subcontractors make no warranty, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this report; nor does any party represent that the use of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would also like to thank the Stephen Bechtel Fund and the California Energy Commision for their contributions to the underwriting of this project. We would also like to thank the California Air Resources Board for their continued support and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for underwriting the leadership of this effort. COPYRIGHT Copyright 2011 by the California Council on Science and Technology. Library of Congress Cataloging Number in Publications Data Main Entry Under Title: California’s Energy Future: A View to 2050 May 2011 ISBN-13: 978-1-930117-44-0 Note: The California Council on Science and Technology (CCST) has made every reasonable effort to assure the accuracy of the information in this publication. However, the contents of this publication are subject to changes, omissions, and errors, and CCST does not accept responsibility for any inaccuracies that may occur. CCST is a non-profit organization established in 1988 at the request of the California State Government and sponsored by the major public and private postsecondary institutions of California and affiliate federal laboratories in conjunction with leading private-sector firms.
  • T O M O R R O W 2 0

    T O M O R R O W 2 0

    2015 TOMORROW Table of Contents The American Petroleum Institute Our Energy Tomorrow .............................................................. 2 Jack Gerard, The American Petroleum Institute The American Petroleum Institute (API) is a America’s Petroleum Renaissance ................................................... 5 national trade association that represents The American Petroleum Institute all segments of America’s innovation-driven oil and natural gas industry. Its more than Nuclear Energy Reliably Powers America ............................................. 9 The Nuclear Energy Institute 600 members — including large integrated companies, exploration and production, Hydropower | A Wave of Potential for a Renewable Energy Future ...................... 13 refining, marketing, pipeline, marine shipping The National Hydropower Association and support businesses, and service and Solar Energy in America Shines Bright .............................................. 17 supply firms — provide most of the nation’s The Solar Energy Industries Association energy and are backed by a growing Geothermal Power | Renewable Energy from the Earth’s Warmth ...................... 21 grassroots movement of more than 27 million The Geothermal Energy Association Americans. The industry also supports 9.8 million U.S. jobs and 8 percent of the U.S. Special Section | Infrastructure — The Essential Link to a Secure Energy Future ........ 25 economy, delivers $85 million a day in Natural Gas | America’s Abundant, Clean Energy ..................................... 29 revenue to our government1 and, since The American Petroleum Institute 2000, has invested more than $3 trillion The Attributes of Wind Energy are Adding Up ........................................ 33 in U.S. capital projects to advance all The American Wind Energy Association 2 forms of energy. Electricity from Coal is a Vital, But Threatened, Energy Source ......................... 37 The American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity Biomass Power | Ready, Proven and Cost-Effective Energy ...........................
  • Hawaii State Energy Office 2020 Annual Report

    Hawaii State Energy Office 2020 Annual Report

    Hawaii State Energy Office Annual Report 2020 ENERGY.HAWAII.GOV Contents Message from the Chief Energy Officer 3 Executive Summary 5 Introduction 9 Dashboard: By-The-Numbers 11 Part 1: Priority Objectives and Policies Clean Energy to Achieve a Clean Economy 12 Energy Assurance and Resiliency 12 Renewable Energy Deployment 13 Energy Efficiency 14 Clean Transportation 15 Stakeholder and Community Education, Outreach, and Engagement 17 Data Analytics 18 Part 2: Ongoing Mandated Activities Introduction 20 Promoting Energy Efficiency 21 Promoting Renewable Energy 25 Promoting Clean Transportation 31 Achieving a Resilient, Clean Energy Economy 33 Part 3: Energy Program Administration and Funding Introduction 42 Administration 43 Energy Security Special Fund 43 Federal Funds 44 Other Funds 45 Energy Program Funding Tables 46 HSEO’s Goals, Plans, and Measurements 49 1 | Hawaii State Energy Office 2020 Annual Report This report fulfills the reporting requirements for: Act 100, Section 7 (SLH 1999) Act 122 (SLH 2019) HRS 196-10.5(7)(c) HRS 196-41(c)(3) HRS 201-12.8(c) HRS Section 201-104 HRS 235-110.31(l) This annual report required by each of these statutes have been combined into this single, comprehensive report. For screen reader users. The Hawaii State Energy Office recognizes the use of diacritical markings of the Hawaiian language such as the ‘okina (also called a glottal stop) and the kahakō (also called a macron). Please note that screen readers may not read or pronounce the Hawaiian words correctly. 2 | Hawaii State Energy Office 2020 Annual Report Message from the Chief Energy Officer Not since World War II has Hawai‘i experienced such a disruption to its way of life.
  • Asia/World Energy Outlook ― Focusing on ASEAN Economies Towards Market Integration ― ＊ ＊ ＊ ＊ ＊ Zheng LU Shigeru SUEHIRO Yuji MATSUO Yukari YAMASHITA Kokichi ITO

    Asia/World Energy Outlook ― Focusing on ASEAN Economies Towards Market Integration ― ＊ ＊ ＊ ＊ ＊ Zheng LU Shigeru SUEHIRO Yuji MATSUO Yukari YAMASHITA Kokichi ITO

    IEEJ：May 2017 © IEEJ2017 Asia/World Energy Outlook ― Focusing on ASEAN Economies towards Market Integration ― ＊ ＊ ＊ ＊ ＊ Zheng LU Shigeru SUEHIRO Yuji MATSUO Yukari YAMASHITA Kokichi ITO This paper presents the major results of a long-term outlook of energy supply and demand, and CO2 emissions for Asia and the world, especially the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region. The world’s primary energy consumption will reach 18.9 Gtoe (billion tons of oil equivalent) in 2040, up 40% from 2014. During the same period, ASEAN’s primary energy consumption will expand 2.2-fold, accounting for 14% of the global increment. ASEAN’s coal consumption will increase 3.5-fold, accounting for 40% of the world's increment. One-fifth of global energy-related CO2 emission growth (9.5 billion tons from 2014 to 2040) will be due to ASEAN. Due to a rapid increase in fossil fuel demand, ASEAN will become a net importer of fossil fuels. On the other hand, ASEAN countries will require enormous investment in energy resource development and infrastructure construction. In order to promote effective use of regional energy resources, infrastructure consolidation, such as power grid interconnection, can be expected to reduce energy imports, increase the energy self-sufficiency rate and suppress CO2 emissions. Keywords: Energy outlook, ASEAN, Integration of market, Energy investment 1. Foreword developed countries. As energy infrastructure In response to weak economic recovery in development is insufficient in ASEAN countries such Western countries and economic modulation in China as Myanmar and Cambodia, the ASEAN region’s and other emerging countries, global energy non-electrification rate was as high as 19% as of consumption growth has decelerated over recent 2013, with some 120 million people having no access years.
  • The Netherlands's Effort to Phase out and Rationalise Its Fossil-Fuel

    The Netherlands's Effort to Phase out and Rationalise Its Fossil-Fuel

    The Netherlands’s Effort to Phase Out and Rationalise its Fossil-Fuel Subsidies An OECD/IEA review of fossil-fuel subsidies in the Netherlands PUBE 2 This report was prepared by Assia Elgouacem (OECD) and Peter Journeay-Kaler (IEA) under the supervision of Nathalie Girouard, Head of the Environmental Performance and Information Division in Environmental Directorate of the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development and Aad van Bohemen, Head of the Energy Policy and Security Division at the International Energy Agency. The authors are grateful for valuable feedback from colleagues at the OECD, Kurt Van Dender, Justine Garrett, Rachel Bae and Mark Mateo. Stakeholder comments from Laurie van der Burg (Oil Change International) and Ronald Steenblik (International Institute for Sustainable Development), Herman Volleberg (Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving) were also taken into account. THE NETHERLANDS’S EFFORT TO PHASE OUT AND RATIONALISE ITS FOSSIL-FUEL SUBSIDIES © OECD 2020 3 Table of contents The Netherlands’s Effort to Phase Out and Rationalise its Fossil-Fuel Subsidies 1 Acronyms and Abbreviations 4 Executive Summary 6 1. Introduction 8 2. Energy sector overview 11 3. Fossil-fuel subsidies in the Netherlands 21 4. Assessments and Recommendations 35 References 41 Tables Table 1. Indicative 2030 emission reduction targets, by sector 19 Table 2. The Netherlands’ 2020 and 2030 energy targets and 2018 status (EU definitions and data) 20 Table 3. The 13 fossil-fuel subsidies identified in the self-report of the Netherlands 22 Table 4. Scope and tax preferences of identified fossil-fuel subsidies in the EU ETD 23 Table 5. Energy tax and surcharge for renewable energy, 2019 and 2020 31 Table 6.
  • Maui County Energy Alliance Report

    Maui County Energy Alliance Report

    Page | 2 “Our precarious dependence on imported fossil fuel underscores the urgency for us to actively pursue renewable energy options.” ‐‐ Mayor Charmaine Tavares (2007) “Through the Clean Energy Initiative and our year‐round resources of wind, solar and waves, Hawaii is uniquely poised to become a global model for renewable energy." ‐‐ Governor Linda Lingle (2008) This report was prepared by the Maui Economic Development Board, Inc. (MEDB) in conjunction with County of Maui Office of Economic Development for the Maui County Energy Alliance (MCEA). We wish to acknowledge the leadership, support, and work of the members of the MCEA Oversight Committee: Mayor Charmaine Tavares, County of Maui; Sheri Morrison, Managing Director, County of Maui; Deidre Tegarden, Coordinator, Office of Economic Development, County of Maui; Dr. Victor Reyes, Energy Commissioner, County of Maui; Jeanne Unemori Skog, President, Maui Economic Development Board; Leslie Wilkins, Vice‐President and Director, Women in Technology, Maui Economic Development Board; Dr. Clyde Sakamoto, Chancellor, Maui Community College; William Parks, Jr., Deputy Assistant Secretary, U.S. Department of Energy (on assignment to the Hawaii State Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism). MEDB and the County of Maui Office of Economic Development also wish to acknowledge the tireless contributions of the volunteer members of the MCEA Working Groups, and especially the Working Group Chairs. A listing of members is included in the Supplement of Supporting Documents. Summary of MCEA Working Group Recommendations ‐‐ Sustainable Energy: Strategies for Implementation 09/2009 Page | 3 Summary of MCEA Working Group Recommendations ‐‐ Sustainable Energy: Strategies for Implementation 09/2009 Page | 4 Summary of MCEA Working Group Recommendations ‐‐ Sustainable Energy: Strategies for Implementation 09/2009 Renewable Energy Action Plan: Recommendations from the MCEA Working Groups Table of Contents Page | 5 Overview 7 1.
  • Energy in the UK 2018

    Energy in the UK 2018

    13/09/2018 09:45 13/09/2018 1 v2.indd 2018 UK the in 36355_EUK_Energy 2018 Energy in the UK the in Energy The voice of the energy industry energy the of voice The 36355_EUK_Energy in the UK 2018_LR2.job 09/13/2018 09:58:42 1-A $[color] $[color] B - 1 09:58:42 09/13/2018 2018_LR2.job UK the in 36355_EUK_Energy Contents Foreword 4 From the Climate Change Act to 16 The Energy Overview 6 EMR, Transforming UK Generation Employment within Energy 7 - The Climate Change Act Sets the Scene 16 The Heart of the UK Economy 8 - Investment in Renewables 17 People of UK Energy 10 - Renewable Generation across 19 - Skills 12 the UK -Young Energy Professionals (YEP) 13 - Delivering Security of Supply 22 - Equality and Diversity in Energy 14 - Further Steps Away From Coal 23 - Pride in Energy 15 - Air Quality and Environmental 25 Protection 2 3 36355_EUK_Energy in the UK 2018 v2.indd 2 13/09/2018 09:45 $[color] A - 2 09:58:42 09/13/2018 2018_LR2.job UK the in 36355_EUK_Energy Now and Tomorrow, Building the Future 27 A Changing Retail Market 36 for Customers - Engaging with Customers 36 - Integrating Renewable Generation in the 27 - The Smart Meter Revolution 38 System and the Need for Flexibility - Supporting Customers in 39 - Decarbonisation at Customers’ Level 30 Vulnerable Circumstances - Improving Efficiency in Energy 30 - The Challenge of Heat 31 Energy UK Members 42 - Decarbonising UK Transport 32 2 3 36355_EUK_Energy in the UK 2018 v2.indd 3 13/09/2018 09:45 $[color] B - 2 09:58:42 09/13/2018 2018_LR2.job UK the in 36355_EUK_Energy Foreword Last year I wrote about how the energy We will also be feeding into the Five Year system was changing.
  • G-2: Total Primary Energy Supply

    G-2: Total Primary Energy Supply

    G-2: Total primary energy supply 1) General description ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1) Brief definition .................................................................................................................................. 2 1.2) Units of measurement ................................................................................................................... 2 1.3) Context………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2 2) Relevance for environmental policy ......................................................................................... 2 2.1) Purpose ................................................................................................................................................ 2 2.2) Issue ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 2.3) International agreements and targets ................................................................................. 3 a) Global level ............................................................................................................................................ 3 b) Regional level ........................................................................................................................................ 3 c) Subregional level .................................................................................................................................
  • Report to the 2018 Legislature Annual Report

    Report to the 2018 Legislature Annual Report

    REPORT TO THE 2018 LEGISLATURE ANNUAL REPORT FROM THE HAWAI‘I NATURAL ENERGY INSTITUTE HRS 304A-1891 December 2017 AnnualHawai Report ‘i NaturalHawai‘i Natural Energy Institute InstituteDecember 2017 School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Annual Report to the 2017 Legislature HRS 304A-1891 SUBJECT: Annual Report on Activities, Expenditures, Contracts Developed, Advances in Technologies, Work in Coordination with State Agencies and Programs, and Recommendations for Proposed Legislation, required in accordance with HRS 304A- 1891 (Act 253, SLH 2007). SUMMARY: The Hawai‘i Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) conducts essential energy research relevant to Hawai‘i and the world. Research projects focus on identifying technically sound, cost effective solutions and practical strategies that can be implemented to deliver commercially viable renewable energy, improve grid reliability and resilience, and enhance energy efficiency. The ultimate goal is to achieve a stable and cost- effective energy mix for Hawai‘i, while reducing Hawai‘i’s dependence on oil and other fossil fuel resources. HNEI brings together people from a wide range of disciplines and different types of organizations to tackle the urgent and complex sustainable energy needs of the state and the nation. Analysis, research, engineering, economics, and policy are integrated to develop technology, strategies and policies that will have significant positive impact on the energy mix. 2 hnei.hawaii.edu Annual Report Hawai‘i Natural Energy Institute December 2017 HNEI is committed to supporting the State, Federal agencies and industry in planning and implementing clean energy initiatives. HNEI’s activities can be grouped into five core functions: • Research & Development • Technical Validation & Implementation • Analysis & Modeling • Education & Training • State Energy & Policy Support Figure 1.