Increasing the Share of Renewable Energy in the Global Energy Mix
Increasing the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix
Atle Harby, SINTEF Energy Research Centre for environmental design of renewable energy Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
The role of hydropower Energy-water-food nexus - development versus environment? • Energy is vital for eradicating poverty, 2,5 billion without reliable access to electricity • 2,8 billion live in areas with high water stress • Use of resources, degradation of habitats, pollution and emissions • Water for food production • Climate change impacts on draughts, floods, water for energy and food
More reservoirs and potential impacts on rivers and lakes Sources of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions Why talk about hydropower? Modern hydropower plant - inside the mountain Hydrological circle
Powered by the sun
About 50 % of solar energy used to drive the hydro circle
Hydropower = solar power Hydropower is the most important renewable today Hydropower– Resource base Abundance of water, high head, large natural reservoirs
China, USA, Russia, Canada, Brazil, India, Norway Small scale hydropower for rural electricity Hydropower and Climate Change – A Global view
Source: Hamududu & Killingtveit, NTNU (2012)
Hydropower Potential – A Global overview (IPCC-SRREN) Professor Ånund Killingtveit NTNU/CEDREN KillingtveitProfessor Ånund Worldwide technical potential for hydropower generation: ca 14 576 TWh Today ca 3 975 TWh is developed (27%)
Estimate of total capacity potential: 3 721 GW; Today (2015) 1 211 GW is developed (33%) Hydropower development
Increase capacity in Retrofit non-hydro exisiting reservoir hydro dams Environmental design
Adapting downstream flow
Constructing habitats
Build the right reservoir in the right place the right way
Operate the hydropower the right way Increasing power production Need to keep some undisturbed nature
Perfect for hydropower
from Lars Haltbrekken Hydropower – supporting other renewables
Hydro Wind + Solar energy in Germany week 12 2014 Capacity ~30 000 MW Wind + 30 000 MW PV
24/3 2014 at 20.00 550 MW in production 59450 MW unused Source: JRC Emirhes data base Simulated wind production in the North Sea area in 2030 – 95 000 MW installed capacity
90000,00
80 000 MW80000,00
70000,00
60000,00
50000,00
40000,00
30000,00
20000,00
10000,00
0,00
1
916
733
550
367
184
8602
8419
8236
8053
7870
7687
7504
7321
7138
6955
6772
6589
6406
6223
6040
5857
5674
5491
5308
5125
4942
4759
4576
4393
4210
4027
3844
3661
3478
3295
3112
2929
2746
2563
2380
2197
2014
1831
1648
1465 1282 1099 one year Wind Power North-Sea Region - Jan – March
90000 (Wind data 2001)
8080000 000 MW 7 x 24 h One week balancing means 70000 Ca 30 000 MW in 168h 5 000 GWh energy storage 60000
30 000 MW 30 000 Same as 1 000 typical pumped
50000 +
storage plants -
40000 30 000 MW Same as 714 million Tesla
30000 Powerwall Home Battery 7 x 24 h
20000 7 x 24 h
10000
0
1
69 35
239 273 409 443 613 783 817 953 987 103 137 171 205 307 341 375 477 511 545 579 647 681 715 749 851 885 919
1157 1327 1361 1497 1531 1701 1871 1905 2075 1021 1055 1089 1123 1191 1225 1259 1293 1395 1429 1463 1565 1599 1633 1667 1735 1769 1803 1837 1939 1973 2007 2041 2109 2143 2177 Norwegian hydropower
Currently: 32 GW 130 TWh/year
Hundreds of large reservoirs
20 reservoirs with more than 100 Mm3
20 GW of extra capacity possible
~15 TWh always availble storage Tyin CEDREN Case Aurland study 2030
Hol 20 000 MW Sima
Nore possible
Mauranger/Oksla/Tysso
Tinnsjø
Kvilldal
Shetland Jøsenfjorden Holen
Orknøyene
Lysebotn
Tonstad Reservoirs 16:00 Flood protection
16:15 Drought mitigation Irrigation and water supply Challenges
Owens Lake, California Combination of renewables
Source: IHA Hydropower and reservoirs are needed