LunarLunar ExplorationExploration Roadmap:Roadmap: TheThe RoboticRobotic YearsYears
Clive R. Neal Department of Civil Eng. & Geological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA [email protected] TheThe LunarLunar ExplorationExploration RoadmapRoadmap http://www.lpi.usra.edu/leag/ler_draft.shtml
• Community effort. • Living document – updated regularly. • Sustainability is the key: - Transition strategy outlined; - Commercial “on ramps” are defined in concert with NASA’s lunar exit strategy;
- International cooperation is critical. TheThe LunarLunar ExplorationExploration RoadmapRoadmap http://www.lpi.usra.edu/leag/ler_draft.shtmlhttp://www.lpi.usra.edu/leag/ler_draft.shtml TimeTime PhasingPhasing CriteriaCriteria EARLY:: RoboticRobotic precursorsprecursors andand upup toto thethe secondsecond humanhuman landinglanding ((≤≤11 lunarlunar day).day). MIDDLE:: InitialInitial outpostoutpost buildbuild‐‐upup toto includingincluding staysstays ofof 11 lunarlunar dayday andand includingincluding partpart ofof thethe lunarlunar night,night, asas wellwell asas RoboticRobotic missions.missions. LATE:: OutpostOutpost established,established, staysstays ofof >30>30 days,days, includingincluding RoboticRobotic missions.missions.
For roadmapping efforts, the Early Stage has been subdivided into pre‐Early (Robotic Precursor Missions) and Early (Robotic & Short Human Sortie ≤1 Lunar Day). Since Apollo/Luna: Yellow = Surveyor, USA Galileo (flyby) in 1990, 1992; Green = Apollo, USA Red = Luna, Soviet Hiten (Muses‐A), 1990: Clementine in 1994; Lunar Prospector in 1998; Hayabusa (Muses‐C), 2003; SMART‐1, 2003; SELENE, 2007; Chang’e‐1, 2007; Chandrayaan‐1 (2008); LRO/LCROSS (2009) Chang’e‐2 (November 2010) GRAIL (2011) LADEE (2013) Chandrayaan‐2 (2013) SELENE‐2 (2015) Moonrise (2015?) RoboticRobotic PrecursorsPrecursors
• Understand the Moon as well as the origin and evolution of the solar system
• Develop and test technologies that enable solar system exploration
Develop and test technologies and strategies that expand our economic sphere of influence RoboticRobotic Precursors:Precursors: ExploringExploring thethe MoonMoon toto ExploreExplore thethe SolarSolar SystemSystem Lunar Orbital Communications/Navigation Network RoboticRobotic Precursors:Precursors: ExploringExploring thethe MoonMoon toto ExploreExplore thethe SolarSolar SystemSystem
Robotic sample return, including cryogenic samples
NASA Moonrise Mission
Soviet Luna Missions RoboticRobotic Precursors:Precursors: ExploringExploring thethe MoonMoon toto ExploreExplore thethe SolarSolar SystemSystem
Lunar Resource Prospecting RoboticRobotic Precursors:Precursors: ExploringExploring thethe MoonMoon toto ExploreExplore thethe SolarSolar SystemSystem ISRU Technology Demonstration(s) RoboticRobotic Precursors:Precursors: ExploringExploring thethe MoonMoon toto ExploreExplore thethe SolarSolar SystemSystem
Geophysical Network
Thruster Pressurant Tank Solar Panels (6) Clusters (3) Deployment Vertical Arm Electrometer
Propellant Retroreflecto Tank r HP3 (2)
SEIS HP3 (2) Engineering Imagers (3 stereo pairs)
Electrometer EMS mag boom s
RoboticRobotic Precursors:Precursors: ExploringExploring thethe MoonMoon toto ExploreExplore thethe SolarSolar SystemSystem
Radiation Protection Technologies RoboticRobotic Precursors:Precursors: FeedFeed ForwardForward
• Robotic sample return, including cryogenic samples • Lunar Resource Prospecting • ISRU Technology Demonstration(s) • Geophysical Network • Radiation Protection Technologies RoboticRobotic Precursors:Precursors: SustainabilitySustainability • Lunar Orbital Communications/Navigation Network • Robotic sample return, including cryogenic samples • Lunar Resource Prospecting • ISRU Technology Demonstration(s) • Geophysical Network • Radiation Protection Technologies RoboticRobotic Precursors:Precursors: SustainabilitySustainability
The next stage of lunar exploration should: •Be on the lunar surface, building upon orbital data •Expand science, promote feed forward to other destinations, and build towards a sustainable lunar economy •Promote international cooperation/participation