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THE PLANETARY REPORT SEPTEMBER EQUINOX 2020 VOLUME 40, NUMBER 3 Planetary.Org THE PLANETARY REPORT SEPTEMBER EQUINOX 2020 VOLUME 40, NUMBER 3 planetary.org CELEBRATING 40 YEARS A SOCIETY RETROSPECTIVE THE ADVENTURE OF THE PLANETS C AN INSPIRING YOUNG EXPLORER SPACE ON EARTH NASA/BILL INGALLS Tried-and-True Workhorse Russian Rocket Continues to Deliver MOST OF TODAY’S rockets look a lot different Jessica Meir, and the United Arab Emirates’ from the ones in use when The Planetary Society Hazzaa Ali Almansoori to the International was founded in 1980. One notable exception is Space Station on 25 September 2019. The the venerable Russian Soyuz, which has been launch pad, located in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, operating since 1967. Although the launcher sits on the same spot where Yuri Gagarin has received various upgrades over time, there blasted off in 1961 to become the first human in is little to visually distinguish a modern Soyuz space, and Sputnik 1—Earth’s first artificial sat- from its predecessors. ellite—was launched. Cold War-era structures Here, a train hauls the Soyuz rocket that loom large over the scene along with rusting launched Russia’s Oleg Skripochka, NASA’s rubble near the train tracks. 2 THE PLANETARY REPORT C SEPTEMBER EQUINOX 2020 SNAPSHOTS FROM SPACE Contents SEPTEMBER EQUINOX 2020 13 Celebrating 40 Years The remarkable achievements our members have made over the past 4 decades, alongside other space milestones and events. 13 NASA/ESA/P. KENNETH SEIDELMANN, KATHY RAGES, AND AMY SIMON/OPAL/JUDY SCHMIDT FORTY YEARS is a lot of time here on Earth, but on Uranus, not so much. The ice giant takes 84 Earth years to orbit the Sun, so over the entire course of The Planetary Society’s existence, not even half a Uranian year has passed. Uranus is famously tipped on its side relative to the other planets, but just like Earth, it has seasons, as shown in these 3 images taken by the DEPARTMENTS Hubble Space Telescope in 1995, 2007, and 2019. 2 Space on Earth In the left image from 1995, Uranus’ south pole is at center-left, and the north pole is A toast to the longevity hidden. The 2007 image was taken during equinox, when the planet’s rings sat edge-on to of the Soyuz. Earth, appearing nearly invisible. In the 2019 image at right, the north pole is in view, while the south pole is hidden. 3 Snapshots From Space Annual images of the outer planets by Hubble help scientists understand planetary atmo- An outer planet is having a long year. spheres. These pictures were processed, colorized, and oriented to look consistent by Judy Schmidt, an amateur astronomer who specializes in archival Hubble image processing. 4 Your Place in Space Bill Nye reflects on Sagan’s opening chapter. SEE MORE AMATEUR-PROCESSED SPACE IMAGES PLANETARY.ORG/AMATEUR SEE MORE EVERY DAY! PLANETARY.ORG/ARTICLES 6 Your Impact Planetary Society members fuel the search for Earth-like exoplanets and help chart the future of exploration. ON THE COVER: The first issue of The Planetary Report was published in December 1980. For that cover image, our cofounders chose the last picture from Voyager 1’s approach to Saturn in which the entire planet and ring system can be seen in a single frame. For our 40th anniversary issue, Björn Jónsson reprocessed 8 Get Involved the same Voyager data using modern techniques, revealing stunning new details. Learn how to make your own space Credit: NASA/JPL/Björn Jónsson C The Planetary Report (ISSN 0736-3680) is published quarterly at the editorial offices of The Planetary Society, 60 South images with real spacecraft data. Los Robles Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91101-2016, 626-793-5100. It is available to members of The Planetary Society. Annual dues are $50 (U.S. dollars) for members in the United States as well as in Canada and other countries. Printed in USA. Third-class postage at Pasadena, California and at an additional mailing 10 What’s Up? office. Canada Post Agreement Number 87424. C Viewpoints expressed Get ready for a fabulous in articles and editorials are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent positions of The Planetary Society, its officers, or its advisers. ©2020 meteor shower. by The Planetary Society. All Rights Reserved. The Planetary Society and The Planetary Report: Registered Trademarks ® The Planetary Society. Planetfest™ The Planetary Society. 10 Where We Are CONTACT US: The Planetary Society, 60 South Los Robles Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91101-2016; General calls: 626-793-5100; Email: [email protected]; Our quarterly roundup of the robots Internet: planetary.org; Editors DANIELLE GUNN, JASON DAVIS, KATE exploring beyond Earth orbit. HOWELLS; Creative Director ANDREW PAULY; Art Director LOREN A. ROBERTS for HEARKEN CREATIVE; Copy Editor NICOLE YUGOVICH; Technical Editor JAMES D. BURKE; Science Editor BRUCE BETTS 12 Why I Explore Inspiring words by 10-year- old member Heidi Jacobs. YOUR PLACE IN SPACE BILL NYE is chief executive officer of The Planetary Society. BILL NYE Chief Executive Officer JENNIFER VAUGHN Chief Operating Officer Our Past Informs Our Future COFOUNDERS CARL SAGAN Looking Back at Carl Sagan’s Founding Essay From December 1980 1934–1996 BRUCE MURRAY 1931–2013 LOUIS D. FRIEDMAN Executive Director Emeritus YOU AND I have come a long way since Carl project. It requires decades of funding, and year BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chairman of the Board DANIEL T. GERACI Sagan wrote his compelling essay “The Adven- after year, as governments set their nation’s Managing Partner & Director, Cygnus Investment Partners, Inc. ture of the Planets” back in the 20th century budgets through economic ups and downs, President (see facing page). legislators are often tempted to cut costs and JAMES BELL Professor, School of Earth Just as he suggested, the very existence of cancel programs that may not seem to have and Space Exploration, Arizona State University The Planetary Society, today the world’s largest immediate payoffs or obvious benefits for their Vice President HEIDI HAMMEL independent space organization, demonstrates constituents. Meanwhile, these distant worlds Executive Vice President, Association of Universities for that citizens of Earth consider the exploration cry out for exploration and discovery and speak Research in Astronomy of planets and other worlds to be a wonderful to us about our own planet. The more we learn Secretary C. WALLACE HOOSER Associate Professor of Radiology, and worthy use of our human abilities. about planetary worlds of all kinds, the more University of Texas Southwestern Medical School Professor Sagan pointed out that we would we will understand our Earth and how we can Treasurer one day know a great deal more about the ensure a better future for species everywhere, LON LEVIN President and CEO, cosmos than we did back when he crafted especially our own. GEOshare LLC BETHANY EHLMANN those words 40 years ago—as long as we stayed It is as important as ever to speak up as a Professor, California Institute of Technology; Research Scientist, the course. space advocate. The Planetary Society and our Jet Propulsion Laboratory JOHN LOGSDON He and his cofounders Bruce Murray and members around the world are here to educate Professor Emeritus, Space Policy Institute, The George Louis Friedman created this organization to legislators about the value of exploration. We Washington University petition governments and space agencies, advo- are here to make it known that people—voters, ROBERT PICARDO Actor cating for missions to the planets in our solar taxpayers, kids (the explorers of tomorrow)— BRITNEY SCHMIDT Assistant Professor, system and for instruments to explore objects want their governments to keep funding space. School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, way out there beyond our Sun. We are here to grow a global community of sup- Georgia Institute of Technology BIJAL “BEE” THAKORE Thanks to you, we’ve stayed the course. porters who want ambitious exploration that Regional Coordinator for Asia Pacific, Space Generation Advisory Council It’s because of the extraordinary feats of leads to amazing discoveries and understanding. FILLMORE WOOD exploration that our species has performed I’m proud to see the progress that has been Vice President and Regional Counsel, BP, retired during our brief time on Earth that you and made in space science and exploration since Carl ADVISORY COUNCIL BUZZ ALDRIN I know that we live on a planet with a moon, Sagan penned “The Adventure of the Planets.” ROBERT D. BRAUN DAVID BRIN that the brighter dots in the night sky are other I hope we all look up and wonder where we’ll G. SCOTT HUBBARD GARRY E. HUNT planets, and that every twinkling star is probably be 40 years from now—exploring worlds beyond MARK HUNTER BRUCE JAKOSKY the center of its own solar system with its own the sky and learning more about the cosmos and RYAN JOHNSON RYAN KRISER diverse and intriguing worlds and moons. our place within it. BEN LAMM ROSALY LOPES BOB MCDONALD Space is hard; exploring it takes time, and PETE SLOSBERG TIM SPAHR it is vital. When scientists decide to take on a DIPAK SRINIVASAN KEVIN STUBE project like returning samples from the surface LORNE TROTTIER NEIL DeGRASSE TYSON of Mars, it takes decades to accomplish the 4 THE PLANETARY REPORT C SEPTEMBER EQUINOX 2020 THE PLANETARY REPORT C SEPTEMBER EQUINOX 2020 5 YOUR IMPACT The New and Improved campaign, we also collected signatures on a planetary.org petition to U.S. President Donald Trump and Democratic candidate Joe Biden asking them HAVE YOU visited our website lately? We’ve to prioritize NASA funding for missions that made some big changes to planetary.org to will advance space science and exploration. make it easier for you to find information One thousand three hundred forty people about missions and worlds, learn about people from around the world signed this actions you can take to advance explora- petition, showing the strength of public tion, and view reports on program activities support for space exploration.
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