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Castellers de tarragona worksheet answer key

Continue For other purposes, see Castel (disambigation). Catalan/ cultural domainCastell (2 de 9 amb folre i manilles) in Valls. Language Grammar History Atchography Phonicology Phonic History Academy Valenciana de la Llengua Institute d'Estudis Catalan Institute Fundaci' Ramon Llull People Catalan people Valencia History History of Crown Crown kingdom of Kingdom Valencia Principality of Catalonia Catalan Catalan Constitution Meji Valencia Treaty Pyrenees Nueva Plant decrees geopolitical units of Andorra Of Catalonia Catalonia Valencia community Alguero El Carxe See catalan government of the countries and policy General Council of Andorra de Catalonia General Council of the Pyrenees-Eastern Generalitat Valencia Governor de Valencia le Illes Balears Politics Andorra Politics Catalan Valencia nationalism Tradition and symbols Kaganer Caster Voqueres de Sant Joan Gegants i capgrossos Moros i Christian Muix Day St. George Sardan Tish de Nadal Kitchen Ensaimade Pa am Tom Myths and Legends Symbols of the Tradition of the Salvador Dali Gaudi Gaudi Joan Miro Joaquin Sorolla Antoni Tapis Music Nova Cane Luis Llach Rock Catalana Catalan Decadence Renaixen'a Ramon Llull Ausi's March vte A (Catalan pronunciation: kəsˈteʎ) is a human tower built traditionally at festivals in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and Valencia. At these festivals, several callies castellers (teams that build towers) are trying to build and dismantle the structure of the tower. On November 16, 2010, castelli were declared among the masterpieces of the oral and intangible heritage of mankind. Origin Although based on the earlier traditional Algemes in Valencia, the tradition of castella in Catalonia originated in ball dels (Valencia dance) in Valls, near the city of Tarragona, first documented in 1712. During the 18th century, they spread to other towns and cities in the area, including Vilafranca del Penedes and Tarragona, although it was only in the last 50 years that the practice of castell construction began to spread to the rest of Catalonia. Interest in castella began to grow in the 1960s and 1970s. In the 1980s, the inclusion of women in the once male discipline marked the beginning of the Topoke d'Or (golden age) ; The presence of women is credited with allowing castella to be built lighter and stronger, allowing the construction of previously undreamed-of-9- and 10-year-old castella. While in Catalonia, Ball dels Valencians began to pay more attention to the acrobatic nature of building all above man their more religious and allegorical predecessors maintain their traditions: Muixeranga, which is performed in the Valencian city of Algemes, and elsewhere in Valencia and Catalonia, where it is often called moixiganga. In 2015, the Co-ordinator of Colles Castelleres de Catalonia had 99 groups, including the Castellers de Vilafranca and the Minions de Terrassa, who were able to build the highest human tower to date, the 4 de 10 (10 levels of people four at each level). These icons of Catalan culture and sport were displayed at the opening ceremony of the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. Castel In Catalan, the word castell means castle. Castell is considered successful when assembly and disassembly can be done in full sequence. The assembly is completed as soon as all the castellers have risen to the designated seats, and the enxaneta climbs to the top and raises one open hand. Enxaneta then descends on the other side of the castella, after which the remaining levels of castellers go down in the highest and lowest order until all have reached safety. Aside from the people who rise to form the top of the tower, others are needed to form a pina, or lower base castella to maintain its weight. Pinyah members (most often men) also act as a protective grid if the structure of the tower collapses, mitigating the fall of people from the upper levels. It is not uncommon when not in competitions- for other calls to help in Pinya, when a small call tries a specially demanding structure in terms of the people needed. Castell is built in two stages. First, a pina is formed - the base of the tower. People forming higher levels of the tower move to a position from which they can easily reach their seats in the tower. This is done slowly and carefully, and as the subsequent baseline levels are completed, the pinier castellers determine whether their base is strong enough to continue construction. Then, when the signal is given to the beginning, the bands begin to play the traditional music of Toc de Castells, as silence comes over the audience of the event. The upper layers of the tower are built as quickly as possible to put a minimum load on the lower castellers, which carry most of the castella weight. Castella's disassembly, made amid the applause of the crowd, is often the most insidious stage of the event. The rising castell consists of successive layers added from below, lifting castell into the air, stage by stage and is seen as taking a lot of practice, skill and strength. The clothes of the Three Castellers in Reus wear the traditional uniform with white trousers and a belt used as support and handrail. Usually castellers wear white trousers, a black belt (faixa), a bandana (mokador) and a shirt in color characteristic of a given call, often Team emblem. For example, the Castellers de Barcelona team wears red shirts, while Castellers de Vilafranca wears green shirts. The belt (faixa) is the most important part of their outfit, as it supports the lower back and is used by other castellers in the team as a springboard or handrail when climbing the tower. This piece of fabric has length and width and depends on the position of the castellers inside the tower, as well as on the choice. The length of the belt ranges from 1.5 to 12 m and is usually shorter for those higher in castell. Performing castellers usually go barefoot to minimize injuries on each other as they rise to their positions, as well as for sensitivity when balancing and better feel and hold each other. The structure of the Castellers location can be in a tiered structure and the highest has a height spanning nine or ten people from scratch. Castellers motto is For'a, equilibri, valor i (Power, balance, courage and common sense). Strength: Castellers at the base of the tower tend to be chunky, while those further, though generally lighter and nimble, still have to be pretty strong. The first castellers were peasants who used to keep big weights and were under great physical stress. Balance: Supporting those who are superior to themselves in castell, while relying on those below for support, requires a strong sense of balance and trust. Courage: The most important characteristic for castellers, especially for young children who form the highest levels of castella. Common sense: Rehearsal and execution requires a lot of planning and reasoning. Any mistake can cause the structure to collapse and collapse. Safety accidents are rare during the construction of castella; however, as with all other crowded cultural events, ambulances are stationed nearby in case the person needs immediate attention. Fatal accidents do occur; the last was on July 23, 2006, in Matara, when a young casteller fell from the formation of castella and died. This led to the need for specially designed helmets for all children participating in castella. Before that, the last death of the participant was in 1983 in Torrembarra. Since the introduction of helmets, there has been no case of traumatic brain injury among children participating in castella. The terminology of Castell Nomenclature Castellers Monument in Tarragona. Castels is primarily described by the number of people at each level of tronc and the total number of levels and, where applicable, any special construction technique is used. Levels consist of one to five people standing on the shoulders of the level below. Common terms indicating the number of people for each level of the tower: Pilar (pillar): one person per Torre level (tower): two people at Tres level: people at the level of quatra : four people at the level of Cinc : five people to the level (and so on) Castels with more than four people at the level are composite structures. For example, cinc levels are not pentagons; Instead, the zinc is tres and torre merge together (3 x 2 and 5), each level forming a shape of eight shapes if viewed from above. Number levels most commonly constructed: Sis : six high set levels: seven levels of Vuit : eight levels of the Nou : nine levels Deu : ten levels For example, tres de Vuit (short for 3d8) denotes a tower with three people on the level and eight levels. (In fact, only the first five levels will have three people per level. Very tall towers and those with a small number of people in each level tend to need additional support from basic or lower levels. These base levels are often indicated as part of the tower name. Three types of base levels are most commonly used: Pinya (pine cone/gurgle): a base at ground level, often consisting of several hundred people. Most towers have this, so it's not mentioned in the title. Instead, when the tower is built without pinia, it is described as clean (tidy or simple). Folre (cover/lining): Second-level base built on top of pinia. It is always mentioned when used. Manilles (pens/handcuffs): A third-level base built on top of second-level folic acid. It is always mentioned when used. When tall castellas are built, for an additional call, without folre and/or manilla, which are usually used because of their height, this is also mentioned, for example torre de 9 manilles of the sense (torre 9 without manilles), which can also be removed torre de 9 folre amb (torre 9 with folre, i.e. with only folre and no manilles) the term amb l'agulla (with the needle) refers to the high column of one person in the main level built. When castell is dismantled, the agulla must stand until the outer part of the castella is already down. Terms denoting special methods of construction include: aixecat per sota (raised from below), in which castell is built not from the bottom up by climbing, but from top to bottom with each subsequent level, hanging on the shoulders of castellers, which connect at ground level; caminant (walking), in which castell (usually a pilar), and his Pinha, if any, walk slowly as a unit on the ground. This is often done to log on to the site at the beginning of the act. Another aspect of castell nomenclature relates to how successfully the tower was completed. Four terms are used: Descarregat : the tower is completed to the top, that is, to the point where the enxaneta raises its hand in the gesture of the alet- and successfully dismantled Carregat : the tower is completed to the top, but falls during The tower falls before it is completed to the upper Intention desmuntat : the tower is not completed at the top, but successfully dismantled (because the tower is observed to be unstable and is likely to fall) Examples fully built Reaining agulla after dismantling the upper levels of Castellers de Vilafranca in the cuatre de Nou amb amb folre i l'agulla (four in the level of the tower. this means that the tower had a lower base level pin (as always) and was successfully dismantled (decarregate). Torre de Nu: two people on the level in a tower of nine floors. Cinc de nou amb folre: five people at each level in a nine-level tower, with second-level folic acid built on top of the base level pinia. The quatra de Nu am ambla: four people at each level in a tower of nine levels, with an inner agulla. Coatre de Nou Net: four people at each level in a tower of nine levels without folre (second level base) built on top of Pinyah (land level base). Tres de deu amb folre i manilles: three people per level in the tower of ten levels, with second-level folic acid and third-level manilas. Quatra de deu amb folre i manilles: four people per level, with additional support in the second and third levels. This complex construction was first completed in November 2015 by the Minyons de Terrassa team. Castellers and parts castell cap de colla (team leader): the leader of each team who decides which castella the team is willing to try and directs the construction of castells from the ground. The cap de colla is always accompanied by a number of assistants and consultants. Cap de pinya (base leader) is one of the assistant leaders of the team, who takes special responsibility for the allocation of seats in Pinya, ensuring even the force applied to the castell base. The de Pinha cover will guide Pinha members to different positions, depending on the size of the castell. tronc (trunk): Vertical part of castella. baix (base): The casteller standing on the ground at the bottom of one of the castellers columns make a throne, and supporting the segon on his or her shoulders. Short, chunky and strong. segon (second): One of the castellers standing on the shoulders of baixos that make up the second floor of the throne. Similarly, the subsequent floors of the trunk are called theros, quarts, quints, siesens and setens (third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh). Since the pom de dalt makes up the top three floors of castella and has never been castella above ten floors, there have never been any vuitens (eighth). agulla (needle, not to be confused with the agulla mentioned above): Casteller, who stands in front of and before the baix, holding the lower legs segon and relay information and instructions to Pinha members. contrafort (support): stands behind the baix and keeps hugging him/her for support. crossa (crutch): fills the space between baixos and supports their hands on his/her shoulders. Generally short and slender. mans (hands): stands behind the contrafort and supports the buttocks of today. Vent (wind): stands between and just outside the two baixos and supports leg segons standing on both. Side: stands on one side of the baix and supports one leg of the sine from the side. Corde (cordon): Every concentric layer of piny. Those in direct contact with the tronc are the primer cord, the ones behind them with the sine cord, and so on. Members of external cordons are identified by the person with whom they are located and by the number of their cord. For example, the person behind the primeres mans segones mans; behind this man terceres mans, and so on. Tap (stopper): Inserted into the pin to fill the gap and make the pin more durable. pom de dalt (top group): top three levels of castella: dosos, execador and incant. Dosos (d/d): A level consisting of two people, supported and locked together by an execameore and overcome by an incantet. These castellers are usually children. aixecador (growth) or acotxador (croucher): A person who squats with one foot on each of the suckers, locking them together and thus providing a stable platform for the enxaneta that stands on horseback on the acceator. Almost always a child. enxaneta (rider) : The top casteller, child. When the enxaneta raises its hand in a four-finger gesture called an alet, it means that the construction of castell is complete. The Museum of the Human Tower of Catalonia in Valls is being built by Myun Casteller. Museum of the Human Tower of Catalonia. The project is designed as a reference place for the human tower of the universe, where the experience can be lived. See the full page: Jan Casteller. The experience of a human tower. Colles castelleres This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. In Catalonia and the Catalan-speaking regions of hikets de Tarragona (ca) Passadora Sant-Adrias del Besas Caprososos de Matare (ca) Castellers de Vilafranca Castellars de la Ville de Gras Clya Colla Joves Kikets de Waltz (ka) Colla Vella Skets de Valls (ca) Minions de Terrassa Castellers de le Gavarres (ka) Castellers de Sabadell Bordegasos de Vilanova (Castellers de Caldes de Montbois (ka) Castellers d'Esplugues (ka) Castellers de Santes de Barcelona Angelets del Vallespir (ka) Castellers de le Roquetes (ka) CastesEllers de Lieida (ka) Brivals de Cornudella (ka) Castellers de Puble Sec (ka) Salats de Saria (ka) Castellers de Molle (ka) Coll Casteller Jove de Boys from the tower En Colla Jove de l'Hospitalet (en) Colla Casteller Nierros de la Plana (en) Marreca de Sol Margeners de Gisson (en) Xiquets de Serralllo (en) Colla Casteller de Sant Pere and Sant-Pau (An) Tirallonge de Manresa En Castella de Castella de d'Alcower (en) Colla Jo hiccups de Tarragona (an) Castellers de Roubaix (An) Castellers de Casteldefels (en) Torrers de Montblac (en) Castellers d'Altafullah Vilafranca (An) Children of El Vendrell (en) Moixiganguers d'Igualada (en) Sagals d'Osana (ca) Margers de Gisson (en) Matossers de Molins de Rey (ka) Castellers de Santa Coloma Familia (en) Castellers de Terrassa (en) Colla Jov de Castellers de Sitges (en) Castellers de l'Alt Maresme (en) Castellers de Serdaniola (en) Minions de l'Arbos Castellers de Badalona (en) CastEllers del Riberal caa al-Lotes de Lievant (an) Castellers de Solson (en) Castellers de Berga Castellers de Mallorca (en) Children of Reus (en) Castellers de Viladecans (en) Castellers de Sarri s Tal Formentera (ca) Vailets de Gelida (en) Xerrics d'Olot (en) Boyfriends Vilafranca (en) Castellers d'Andorra (Andorra) Open Group (outside the Catalan-speaking region) Castellers de Sydney, (Sydney, Australia) Children Copenhagen (Copenhagen, Denmark) Castellers de Paris (Paris, France) Castellers London (London, England) Colla Casteller d'Edinburgh, (Edinburgh, Scotland) Horne's Children (Horne, Netherlands) Castellers d'Irland (Dublin, Ireland) Castellers de Montreal (Montreal, Canada) Castellers de Lo Prado, (Santiago, Chile) Coales de Melbourne, (Melbourne, Australia) Castellers BXL Gymnastic Education Human Pyramid Muixeranga Dahi Handi Links - BBC, Close-up: Catalonia Human Towers Archive November 8, 2016, by Wayback Machine - b Los 'castells', Patrimonio de la Humanidad (in Spanish). Country. November 16, 2010. Received on October 12, 2014. Catalan and Roca, Pere. WALTZ CHILDREN'S CASTLES. VALLS SOUNDS AND MUSIC FESTIVAL (in Catalan). Received on October 12, 2014. The participation of women in the casteller world has allowed a technological evolution that marks the present golden age. Television 3. Kia. October 27, 2013. Received on March 27, 2017. Euromaxx on tour: Vilanova-e-la Geltre. Deutsche Hlule. August 2009. Archive from the original 2012-07-28. Received on August 15, 2009. Human Tower: The largest in history. 2006-09-30. Received on August 15, 2009. Bienis, M. (2009-04-30). Human castles of Catalonia. vrmag.org archive from the original on November 22, 2008. Received on August 15, 2009. DOXA Documentary Film Festival - Press Whale (PDF). May doxafestival.ca, 2007. Archive from the original (PDF) dated July 6, 2011. Received on August 15, 2009. Del Campo, Esther (2009-10-25). In the city - human towers break the borders. European Commission, General Directorate for Expansion. Archive from the original on April 14, 2009. Received on August 15, 2009. Broyleigh, S. (April 6, 2007). Some Full Frame offers. Heraldsun.com. received on August 15, 2009. A 12-year-old girl dies after falling from castella. August 4, 2006. Tremlett, Giles (August 6, 2006). A young girl dies after falling from a nine-story human tower. Keeper. Received on January 15, 2016. L'ABeCeDari actual dels castells. Revista Castels (in Catalan). September 6, 2017. An archival copy. Archive from the original 2016-06-18. Extracted 2014-03-18.CS1 maint: archived copy as a title (link) - Archive copy. Archive from the original 2016-04-18. Extracted 2014-03-18.CS1 maint: archived copy as a title (link) - Archive copy. Archive from the original 2016-06-03. Extracted 2014-03- 18.CS1 maint: archived copy as a title (link) : (www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujRmC0nJDjg - Archive copy. Archive from the original 2014-01-01. Extracted 2014-03-18.CS1 maint: archived copy as headline (link) - Efren Garcia (2015-11-23). A historical record in the building of the human tower of Catalonia. Ara. Received 2015-11-24. Aivallsit. Museum Casteller de Catalunya - Adjunct de Valls. www.valls.cat (in Catalan). Received 2017-01-18. Relaci' de totes les colles castelleres. www.cccc.cat. received 2016-10-31. External Commons links have media related to Castellers. Human Towers World is a website to learn more about human towers, types, groups, events or image galleries. Catalan-English Dictionary for Castell Som Castels Documentary Short Film. Coordinator de Colles Castelleres de Catalunya (Official Association of Casteller Teams) (in Catalan) Human Towers! - Slideshow of Life lapinya.cat magazine, Castels Forum (in Catalan) Visually informative video by Mike Randolph, a freelance journalist living in Site of a biennial Castella competition held in Tarragona Lavila extracted from the

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