DOCSLIB.ORG

The Translation of Anglo-Canadian Authors in Catalonia Isabel Alonso-Breto and Marta Ortega-Sáez

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Translation of Anglo-Canadian Authors in Catalonia Isabel Alonso-Breto and Marta Ortega-Sáez Made in Canada, Read in Spain: Essays on the Translation and Circulation of English-Canadian Literature Chapter 4 Canadian into Catalan: The Translation of Anglo-Canadian Authors in Catalonia Isabel Alonso-Breto and Marta Ortega-Sáez 1. Catalonia’s Singularity and Parallelisms with Quebec87 Although it may seem disconcerting to begin this chapter about the translation of Anglo-Canadian writers into Catalan with a comparison of Quebec and Catalonia in a book which only deals with CanLit in English, we find that the parallelism is apt because of the minority language and distinct nation status of these two constituencies, and because Quebec and English Canada are co- existent national entities, just like Catalonia and Spain. The parallelism between Catalonia and Quebec has recently been strengthened with the recent upsurge of nationalism and the demand for a referendum to decide whether to become separate from the Spanish state. The story is not new, since as a “historical” autonomous community with a language of its own, Catalan, and a distinct history88 and cultural tradition, often at odds with the Spanish ones, Catalonia presents some interesting parallelisms with Quebec, a province with its own language and cultural singularity, which sometimes are also in conflict with those of English Canada. Over the centuries, Catalan has acquired a strongly political added value, so much so that Catalan identity cannot be understood in isolation from commitment to the language. In fact, as regards language, parallelisms in the linguistic situations of Catalonia and Quebec cannot be overestimated. In Quebec, French has been the only official language since 1977. In spite of this, federal government interventions take place attending to the official status of both French and English in the Federation (Létourneau, 2002) Similarly, in Catalonia both Catalan and Spanish are official, even if only the first is 87 We wish to thank August Bové and Jacqueline Hurtley, Professors of Catalan Literature and English literature at the Universitat de Barcelona, for kindly revising this piece. 88 In spite of the union of the Crowns of Aragon and Castille through the marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille in the 15th century, Catalonia remained a different political entity with its own institutions after 1714 (besides its own language) until the 18th century, when it was incorporated into the kingdom of Spain. 9 0 Chapter 4 Edited by Pilar Somacarrera the “llengua pròpia de Catalonia” (Catalonia’s own language) according to the Catalan “Estatut” or Statue of Home Rule. Thus, Gade remarks that since the late 1970s Catalonia and Québec “have enjoyed substantial autonomy to chart their own cultural courses” (Gade, 2003) and also that “everywhere in these two polities, language use and policy define issues that remind inhabitants of the need for vigilance in protecting and expanding their minority rights” (Gade, 2003). Indeed both Catalan and Quebecois are islands of linguistic minorities in a sea of speakers of two overwhelmingly powerful languages - Spanish and English. These two hegemonic languages turn out to be menacing for these linguistic communities for different reasons, among which the enormous output of global cultural production in them is one of the most important.89 According to Gade (2003), “in Québec, the mother tongue of 81 percent of its 7.4 million people is French. Close to 10 percent of the population speak English as their maternal language and … [a]nother 10 percent of Québec’s population comprise a more fluid multilingual category of immigrants or children of immigrants whose first language is neither French nor English but who use both” (Gade, 2003). In the case of Catalan, it is not spoken in Catalonia only, but also in other autonomous communities, like Valencia and the Balearic Islands, some areas in Aragon (the Franja de Ponent or “Western Fringe”), and Murcia (the area of El Carxe), the independent state of Andorra in the Pyrenees, the Northern Catalonia areas in France (incorporated by this state in the 17th century) and the city of l’Alguer on the Italian island of Sardinia. The legal status of Catalan varies in these territories, being the official language in Andorra and co-official in Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands. Together with the differences in the legal status, there are also regional variations in the use of Catalan in these areas.90 In all, and broadly speaking, some 10 million people can be said to be fluent in Catalan. 91 89 Other reasons would be, in the case of Quebec, the proximity of a cultural and linguistic giant like the USA (besides the overwhelming presence and use of English in the rest of Canada) and, in Catalonia, the massive arrival of Latin American immigrants who speak only Spanish and are not especially interested in or need to learn Catalan. 90 See the web of the Foundation for Endangered Languages. It should be cautioned here that if considered according to linguistic criteria, Valencian is not perceived as a language different from Catalan (as it is presented, for instance, in the document Selling Canadian Books in Spain). Rather, it is commonly acknowledged, also in most Valencian cultural and political spheres, that Valencian is a variant of Catalan. One of the main Valencian editing houses in Catalan, Bromera, has translated many of Eric Wilson’s teenage mystery novels. 91 The overall estimated population who understand Catalan (although they do not necessarily speak it on a daily basis) amounts to 13.529.127 (Generalitat de Catalunya, 2012). Chapter 4 9 1 Made in Canada, Read in Spain: Essays on the Translation and Circulation of English-Canadian Literature In spite of the many similarities, there are also differences. For one, the variant of French spoken in Quebec has had to fight off the stigma of being a local and inferior version of European French, which remained the standard for what was not only correct but also chic. Catalan has not had this problem as it has been in charge of setting the norm for itself. There are further differences, some of which are signalled by Daniel W. Gade as follows (we quote the passage at length because it is illustrative of the difficult course of the Catalan language through history, a course which can be matched to Catalonia’s own difficult history): In Catalonia, the Catalan language has a written history that predates by at least 500 years the appearance of French in Québec. Unlike Québec, however, where the British conquest never led to suppression of the language, in Catalonia periods of tolerance for Catalan have alternated with harassment and proscription. […] A 1716 Bourbon decree imposed Castilian on Catalonia, but not until 1857, when a national network of public schools was established, did the central government in Madrid mandate teaching in Castilian. A diglossia emerged in Catalonia, in which Castilian became the public language and Catalan was left as the home vernacular. Later in the nineteenth century, Catalan re-emerged as part of a larger movement (La Renaixença) toward self-government, education, literary achievement, and economic advancement. The Second Republic (1931- 1939) in Spain built on these developments and gave legal protection to Catalan. […] The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) aroused complex allegiances in Catalonia, and language was only part of that equation. After 1970, resistance grew and Madrid loosened its control over these matters somewhat. Franco’s demise in 1975 presaged a new vision of a democratic and diverse Spain (Gade, 2003). Although all the areas where Catalan is spoken make up the so-called “Països Catalans,” or “Catalan Countries,” a historical and ideological entity that holds strong for most Catalans, Catalan remains an endangered minority language. An expert in endangered languages,92 researcher Carme Junyent of the Universitat de Barcelona, places Catalan within the 40% of languages of the world which show symptoms of replacement. Junyent attributes the detriment of Catalan, which could lead to its extinction, to the use of Spanish among immigrants and to the lack of institutional support (Vernet and Llobet, 2004). Gade (2003) follows this train of thought and indicates the bullying that the Catalan language 92 Carme Junyent participated in the foundation of GELA (The Study Group pro Endangered Languages) – an international association of worldwide linguists – in 1992. 9 2 Chapter 4 Edited by Pilar Somacarrera undergoes not only in the rest of the Spanish peninsula but also within the above mentioned “Catalan Countries”: Since 1975, knowledge and use of Catalan has increased rapidly in Catalonia. Yet it remains an in-group phenomenon, for non-Catalans are rarely expected to speak Catalan even when they understand it. Catalans see their language as a marker of their own shared identity to be used among themselves and, at the same time, manifest the ability to incorporate Castilian seamlessly as an alternative mode of expression. Parallels in grammatical structure and lexical similarities have predisposed most Catalans to become fluent in Castilian, perhaps as much through cultural osmosis as formal study. The rest of Spain makes no such accommodation; indeed, Catalanoparlants [Catalan speakers] have occasionally met with hostility outside their home regions as living representatives of the subversion of Spanish unity (Gade, 2003). Notwithstanding differences between Quebec and Catalonia, there exist a number of cultural ties. Proof of this proximity is the existence of the Bureau de Québec à Barcelone – the only one in Spain. As María Jesús Bronchal, its Attachée aux Affaires Institutionelles, Publiques et Culturelles, affirmed in an unpublished interview, the institution is very active in the promotion of cultural manifestations of Québec throughout Spain.93 Such is the case of outstanding Québecois companies like Cirque du Soleil, Les Sept Doigts de la Main, Cirque Éloize; and relevant personalities of the artistic world: Denys Arcand and Robert Lepage, among others.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Cambridge Companion to Canadian Literature Edited by Eva-Marie Kröller Frontmatter More Information
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-15962-4 — The Cambridge Companion to Canadian Literature Edited by Eva-Marie Kröller Frontmatter More Information The Cambridge Companion to Canadian Literature This fully revised second edition of The Cambridge Companion to Canadian Literature offers a comprehensive introduction to major writers, genres, and topics. For this edition several chapters have been completely re-written to relect major developments in Canadian literature since 2004. Surveys of ic- tion, drama, and poetry are complemented by chapters on Aboriginal writ- ing, autobiography, literary criticism, writing by women, and the emergence of urban writing. Areas of research that have expanded since the irst edition include environmental concerns and questions of sexuality which are freshly explored across several different chapters. A substantial chapter on franco- phone writing is included. Authors such as Margaret Atwood, noted for her experiments in multiple literary genres, are given full consideration, as is the work of authors who have achieved major recognition, such as Alice Munro, recipient of the Nobel Prize for literature. Eva-Marie Kröller edited the Cambridge Companion to Canadian Literature (irst edn., 2004) and, with Coral Ann Howells, the Cambridge History of Canadian Literature (2009). She has published widely on travel writing and cultural semiotics, and won a Killam Research Prize as well as the Distin- guished Editor Award of the Council of Editors of Learned Journals for her work as editor of the journal Canadian
    [Show full text]
  • ¿Qué Publican Los Diarios Impresos? El Caso Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México
    RAZÓN Y PALABRA Primera Revista Electrónica en América Latina Especializada en Comunicación www.razonypalabra.org.mx ¿QUÉ PUBLICAN LOS DIARIOS IMPRESOS? EL CASO CIUDAD VICTORIA, TAMAULIPAS, MÉXICO Carlos David Santamaría Ochoa 1 Resumen Los medios impresos en Ciudad Victoria, capital del estado mexicano de Tamaulipas incluyen en sus ediciones cotidianas trabajos periodísticos de interés general, sin embargo, los mismos se centran en dos géneros: noticia o nota informativa y columna, lo que se pone de manifiesto en cada una de sus ediciones. Una revisión de los periódicos diarios impresos en sus secciones locales revela que géneros como la crónica, el reportaje o la entrevista son escasos: el periodista se centra en la elaboración de noticias breves y piezas de opinión. La revisión en dos espacios de tiempo nos muestra la forma en que se desarrolla el periodismo en Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México, destacando la ausencia de la entrevista periodística como género, así como crónicas y artículos. Palabras Clave Periódicos diarios, géneros periodísticos, noticias Abstract The print media in Ciudad Victoria, capital of Tamaulipas state include in its daily editions of general interest journalism, however, they are focused on two genres: news or statement and column, which is evident in each one of its editions. A review of the printed daily newspapers reveals that gender and chronic or interview is limited, as the journalist focuses on the development of short news and opinion pieces. The review in two time slots shows how journalism is developed in Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico, highlighting the absence of gender newspaper interview as well as reports and articles.
    [Show full text]
  • The Oustanding Spring of Brazilian Books in Frankfurt
    publishingPERSPECTIVes SHOW DAILY WEDNESDAY 9 OCTOBER 2013 • FRANKFURT BOOK FAIR • NEWS & OPINION Fixed-Publishing-perspectives.pdf 1 9/26/13 1:26 PM C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Let’s Go to Work! Rights Directors Identify New Revenue Streams By Andrew Wilkins ly lower than full retail price, Bollig Yun Kyung (Yolanda) Kim, Woongjin ThinkBig - In the opening of yesterday’s In- gested that readers spent 43% more ternational Rights Directors Meet- citedtime readingfigures fromif they Onleihne could borrow that sug an ing, held on the eve of the fair, the ebook, rather than buy it. She em- Frankfurt Book Fair’s Bärbel Becker phasised the importance of having sounded a note of caution by re- lending rights clauses in contracts vealing the number of rights deals to take advantage of this emergent conducted by German publishers market. had fallen by 14% between 2011 Korea’s Woongjin Thinkbig—a company with 20,000 employees balanced by the record number of and $640 million in revenue—al- andbooks—270—published 2012. It was a figure, in she Germa said,- ready has 1,000 ebook titles in cir- ny so far from this year’s Guest of culation, according to Yolanda Kim, Honor Brazil. who highlighted two of the compa- In light of this possibly alarm- ny’s successful new digital ventures. ing news, a trio of publishers shared Its ‘English Re-start’ language their approaches to developing new series had started life as a printed revenue streams. book series, but its adaptation into Rita Bollig, Head of Bastei En- an Android app had seen 350,000 tertainment at Germany’s Bastei downloads from the Google Play Lubbe reminded delegates that “you online store.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalan Modernism and Vexillology
    Catalan Modernism and Vexillology Sebastià Herreros i Agüí Abstract Modernism (Modern Style, Modernisme, or Art Nouveau) was an artistic and cultural movement which flourished in Europe roughly between 1880 and 1915. In Catalonia, because this era coincided with movements for autonomy and independence and the growth of a rich bourgeoisie, Modernism developed in a special way. Differing from the form in other countries, in Catalonia works in the Modern Style included many symbolic elements reflecting the Catalan nationalism of their creators. This paper, which follows Wladyslaw Serwatowski’s 20 ICV presentation on Antoni Gaudí as a vexillographer, studies other Modernist artists and their flag-related works. Lluís Domènech i Montaner, Josep Puig i Cadafalch, Josep Llimona, Miquel Blay, Alexandre de Riquer, Apel·les Mestres, Antoni Maria Gallissà, Joan Maragall, Josep Maria Jujol, Lluís Masriera, Lluís Millet, and others were masters in many artistic disciplines: Architecture, Sculpture, Jewelry, Poetry, Music, Sigillography, Bookplates, etc. and also, perhaps unconsciously, Vexillography. This paper highlights several flags and banners of unusual quality and national significance: Unió Catalanista, Sant Lluc, CADCI, Catalans d’Amèrica, Ripoll, Orfeó Català, Esbart Català de Dansaires, and some gonfalons and flags from choral groups and sometent (armed civil groups). New Banner, Basilica of the Monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology, Washington, D.C., USA 1–5 August 2011 © 2011 North American Vexillological Association (www.nava.org) 506 Catalan Modernism and Vexillology Background At the 20th International Conference of Vexillology in Stockholm in 2003, Wladyslaw Serwatowski presented the paper “Was Antonio Gaudí i Cornet (1852–1936) a Vexillographer?” in which he analyzed the vexillological works of the Catalan architectural genius Gaudí.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Inequalities and Localist Movements: Relational Complexities Beyond Linear Determination"
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Kapitsinis, Nikolaos; Karampini, Eleftheria; Bakratsa, Fani; Nikolakopoulou, Xristina Conference Paper "Regional inequalities and localist movements: relational complexities beyond linear determination" 50th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Sustainable Regional Growth and Development in the Creative Knowledge Economy", 19-23 August 2010, Jönköping, Sweden Provided in Cooperation with: European Regional Science Association (ERSA) Suggested Citation: Kapitsinis, Nikolaos; Karampini, Eleftheria; Bakratsa, Fani; Nikolakopoulou, Xristina (2010) : "Regional inequalities and localist movements: relational complexities beyond linear determination", 50th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Sustainable Regional Growth and Development in the Creative Knowledge Economy", 19-23 August 2010, Jönköping, Sweden, European Regional Science Association (ERSA), Louvain-la- Neuve This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/118980 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich
    [Show full text]
  • Writing from and for the Periphery Carving out a Place for Spanish Food Studies
    103Repensar los estudios ibéricos desde la periferia editado por José Colmeiro y Alfredo Martínez-Expósito Writing from and for the Periphery Carving Out a Place for Spanish Food Studies Lara Anderson (The University of Melbourne, Australia) Abstract This article explores the notion of the periphery as it concerns Hispanic food studies. It argues that the periphery has a multiplicity of meanings in this context, and also that it is useful for various methodological and substantive reasons. These include the initial academic marginalisation of food studies itself, the slow acceptance of culinary texts as an object of academic study, as well as the ongoing drive to move food studies from the margins of Hispanic cultural studies. By refer- ence to the Author’s own research on Spanish culinary nationalism, this article also shows how the tension between centre and periphery is key to understanding Spanish food discourses of the past few centuries. This discussion hopes to show that the academy is increasingly paying attention to peripheral cultures and objects of study. Summary 1 Introduction. – 2 Food Studies: Transcending the Periphery. – 3 Spanish Food Culture and the Peripheral. Keywords Hispanic food studies. Spanish food studies. Culinary nationalism. Spanish cuisine. Spanish regionalisms. 1 Introduction Hispanic food studies is a most apt topic for any discussion of the periphery. Food studies, broadly speaking, has slowly moved from a peripheral position in the academy to one of prestige and popularity. If, however, food studies scholars have been alive to the food cultures and discourses of countries such as France, England and Italy, the Spanish-speaking world has only recently begun to receive this type of scholarly attention.1 Although academic inquiry into the food cultures of the Spanish world is relatively new, journalistic dis- cussions about the nature of Spanish cuisine date back to the late nineteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Cahiers-Papers 53-1
    The Giller Prize (1994–2004) and Scotiabank Giller Prize (2005–2014): A Bibliography Andrew David Irvine* For the price of a meal in this town you can buy all the books. Eat at home and buy the books. Jack Rabinovitch1 Founded in 1994 by Jack Rabinovitch, the Giller Prize was established to honour Rabinovitch’s late wife, the journalist Doris Giller, who had died from cancer a year earlier.2 Since its inception, the prize has served to recognize excellence in Canadian English-language fiction, including both novels and short stories. Initially the award was endowed to provide an annual cash prize of $25,000.3 In 2005, the Giller Prize partnered with Scotiabank to create the Scotiabank Giller Prize. Under the new arrangement, the annual purse doubled in size to $50,000, with $40,000 going to the winner and $2,500 going to each of four additional finalists.4 Beginning in 2008, $50,000 was given to the winner and $5,000 * Andrew Irvine holds the position of Professor and Head of Economics, Philosophy and Political Science at the University of British Columbia, Okanagan. Errata may be sent to the author at [email protected]. 1 Quoted in Deborah Dundas, “Giller Prize shortlist ‘so good,’ it expands to six,” 6 October 2014, accessed 17 September 2015, www.thestar.com/entertainment/ books/2014/10/06/giller_prize_2014_shortlist_announced.html. 2 “The Giller Prize Story: An Oral History: Part One,” 8 October 2013, accessed 11 November 2014, www.quillandquire.com/awards/2013/10/08/the-giller- prize-story-an-oral-history-part-one; cf.
    [Show full text]
  • National and State Interests of Slovaks and Catalans: Parallelism Between Slovakia and Catalonia in the Way to Achieve National Emancipation
    National and state interests of Slovaks and Catalans: parallelism between Slovakia and Catalonia in the way to achieve national emancipation Martin Švikruha Dalibor Mikuš Matúš Meluš Assistant professors at the Department of Public Administration, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava (Slovakia) abstract The integration of European states within the European Union has been one of the basic attributes of political development in Europe since the end of World War II. Despite the ongoing process of this project, we notice a strengthening of separatist efforts within individual states. These trends have been most visible in recent years in Catalonia, which has already taken concrete political steps towards independence. In our contribution we look at the issue of Catalonia from a specific point of view, comparing it to the case of Slovakia. It has a similar historical experience with the accomplishment of emancipatory efforts in the last stage of the 20th century. Slovakia’s independence arose from the peaceful division of the original Czecho-Slovak state unit and represents a positive example for other states. There- fore, we decided to compare these two specific cases. In this context, the primary question arises from the extent to which the requirements of Catalonia are justified and whether it is possible to identify a certain parallelism with a set of internal and external factors char- acteristic of the creation of new states in the 1990s in Europe. Based on interviews with the direct political actors in this process in Slovakia, we have identified three key attributes that we consider to be important prerequisites in the process of fulfilling national interests in the form of a new state.
    [Show full text]
  • El Papel Del Rey En La Política Exterior De España Durante La Transición
    UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales Grado en Relaciones Internacionales Trabajo Fin de Grado El papel del Rey en la política exterior de España durante la Transición Estudiante: Teresa Sáenz de Santa María Zubiría Director: Prof. Carlos López Gómez Madrid, junio 2018 RESUMEN Este trabajo trata sobre el papel del Rey Juan Carlos I en las relaciones internacionales de España durante la Transición española. La política exterior heredada del tardofranquismo y las funciones de Don Juan Carlos como Rey de España son Estudiadas como base para contextualizar la situación y el punto de salida en el que se encuentra España tras la muerte de Franco. Se estudia el impacto de la fiGura del monarca en la apertura exterior del país. Los viajes internacionales fueron un instrumento clave para dicha labor. En especial se destacan dos viajes, por un lado, el primero que realiza el Rey tras su proclamación, a Estados Unidos tras una para en la Republica Dominicana, siendo el primer rey español que visita el país norteamericano, y por otro, el último viaje previo a la Constitución Española de 1978, a México, con extensión a Perú y ArGentina. A través de ellos, el monarca manda un mensaje internacional sobre su visión de la nueva etapa y la apertura al exterior de España, posteriormente en México un mensaje de evolución y proGreso del país. El Rey fue fundamental para reforzar las relaciones con Estados Unidos y reconstruirlas con México creando un vínculo indudable con Latinoamérica. PALABRAS CLAVE Transición, Rey Juan Carlos I, Monarquía española, política exterior española, apertura internacional, viajes oficiales internacionales, Estados Unidos, México, Latinoamérica, Iberoamérica.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 JOHN CLEMENT BALL Department of English University of New
    JOHN CLEMENT BALL Department of English University of New Brunswick P.O. Box 4400 / Carleton Hall Rm. 247, 19 Macaulay Lane Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3 Canada Tel: (506) 458-7409 Email: jball (at) unb.ca EDUCATION PhD (1990-94), English Literature. University of Toronto. (Degree conferred in 1995.) MA (1986-90 part-time), English Literature. University of Toronto. BA (1979-83), English Specialist, Philosophy Minor. Trinity College, University of Toronto. PhD Thesis: Satire and the Post-Colonial Novel: V.S. Naipaul, Chinua Achebe, Salman Rushdie Supervisor: W. J. Howard. Committee Advisors: J. Edward Chamberlin, Chelva Kanaganayakam. External Examiner: Diana Brydon. Research and Teaching Interests: Postcolonial Literature, esp. Indian, West Indian, African, and Black British Fiction; Contemporary Canadian Fiction; Literature of the Sea; Literature of London; Historical Fiction; British Literature of Imperialism; Postcolonial Theory; Satire Theory and Satiric Fiction; Risk Theory; Cultural Geography and Space and Place Theory; The Grotesque; Ecocriticism; Creative Writing; Theatre Production. EMPLOYMENT UNB: Full-time faculty member since 1995. Current position: Professor and Chair, Department of English. Administrative posts: Director of Graduate Studies (1999-2004; 2006-08); Associate Dean of Arts (2010-15); Acting Dean of Arts (2013-14); Chair of English (2016-22). Previous: University of British Columbia, Killam Postdoctoral Fellow, Jan.-June, 1995. (selected) University of Toronto, Teaching Assistant, 1990-94. Literary Press Group of Canada, Director, 1988-90. Canadian Book Information Centre, Producer, Radio Projects, 1986-90. Toronto Parent Magazine, Editor, 1984-86. Clifton College Preparatory School (Bristol, UK), Junior Master, 1978-79. SCHOLARLY AND CREATIVE ACTIVITY Scholarly Books: Twentieth-Century World Fiction [sole editor].
    [Show full text]
  • Constructing 'Race': the Catholic Church and the Evolution of Racial Categories and Gender in Colonial Mexico, 1521-1700
    CONSTRUCTING ‘RACE’: THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THE EVOLUTION OF RACIAL CATEGORIES AND GENDER IN COLONIAL MEXICO, 1521-1700 _______________ A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History University of Houston _______________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________ By Alexandria E. Castillo August, 2017 i CONSTRUCTING ‘RACE’: THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THE EVOLUTION OF RACIAL CATEGORIES AND GENDER IN COLONIAL MEXICO, 1521-1700 _______________ An Abstract of a Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History University of Houston _______________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________ By Alexandria E. Castillo August, 2017 ii ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the role of the Catholic Church in defining racial categories and construction of the social order during and after the Spanish conquest of Mexico, then New Spain. The Catholic Church, at both the institutional and local levels, was vital to Spanish colonization and exercised power equal to the colonial state within the Americas. Therefore, its interests, specifically in connection to internal and external “threats,” effected New Spain society considerably. The growth of Protestantism, the Crown’s attempts to suppress Church influence in the colonies, and the power struggle between the secular and regular orders put the Spanish Catholic Church on the defensive. Its traditional roles and influence in Spanish society not only needed protecting, but reinforcing. As per tradition, the Church acted as cultural center once established in New Spain. However, the complex demographic challenged traditional parameters of social inclusion and exclusion which caused clergymen to revisit and refine conceptions of race and gender.
    [Show full text]
  • ¿Qué Pasa En El Mundo?
    1755_EMCNavL3_CH03_p098-099.F 01/22/04 10:46 PM Page 98 Capítulo 3 ¿Qué pasa en el mundo? Objetivos ❖ classify news in corresponding sections ❖ talk about activities of the media ❖ talk about how long something has been going on ❖ comment on news and events in the media ❖ recall and talk about events in the past ❖ react to news events ❖ link parts of sentences Visit the web-based activities at www.emcp.com 98 noventa y ocho 1755_EMCNavL3_CH03_p098-099.F 1/29/04 3:55 PM Page 99 noventa y nueve 99 1755_EMCNavL3_CH03_p100-109.F2 01/22/04 10:48 PM Page 100 A España ¿Leíste ya la programación de televisión? Quiero averiguar a qué Vocabulario I hora empieza la telenovela. ¿Qué dicen los titulares? ¡No lo puedo creer! Los precios de los coches subieron otra vez. El presidente estuvo en Madrid y dio un discurso sobre economía. El discurso tuvo lugar en la Universidad Complutense. La hija de la Sra. Sainz de Romanes y Valdivieso se casó con un hombre Necesito ver la sección de de negocios… Sucedió hace ocio. La semana pasada hice un dos semanas… crucigrama y hoy están las respuestas. 100 cien Lección A 1755_EMCNavL3_CH03_p100-109.F2 01/22/04 10:49 PM Page 101 1 ¿Qué sección del periódico? ¿En qué secciones aparecieron estas noticias? Indique la letra de la ilustración de la sección que corresponde a cada noticia que escucha. Las Finanzas Sociedad Clasificados ABC Ocio Política Espectáculos DEF 2 ¿Qué palabra es? Complete las oraciones con las palabras de la caja. crucigrama tuvo lugar clasificados averiguar sucedió suplemento dominical 1.
    [Show full text]