1943 CONGRESSIONA.L I~ECORD-SENATE 2105 Iutton 290. Seventy-sixth Congress; without the Internal Revenue Code are required to victory of righteousness and peace. We amendment (Rept. No. 251). Referred to the be performed; to the Committee on Ways ask it all in the name and for the sake of House Calendar. and Means. Mr. BLOOM: Committee on Foreign Affairs. By Mr. DffiKSEN: Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. Senate Concurrent Resolution 9. Concurrent H. Res. 171. Resolution to establish a spe­ _NAMING A PRESIDING OFFICER resolution condemning outrages 1nfiicted cial committee to be known as the Commit­ upon ciVilians in the Nazi occupied countries tee on Post-War Economic Policy and Plan­ The Secretary (Edwin A. Halsey) read and favoring punishment of persons responsi­ rung; to the Committee on Rules. the following letter: ble therefor; without amendment (Rept. No. UNITED STATES SENATE, 252). Referred to the House calendar. PRESmENT PRO TEMPORE, PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Washington. D. C., March 17, 1943. Undex clause 1 of rule XXII, private To the Senate: PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS bills and resolutions were introduced and Being temporarily absent from the Senate, Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public severally referred as follows: I appoint Hon. ScOOT W. LucAs, a Senator By Mr. BARRY: from the State of Illinois. to perform the bills and resolutions were introduced duties of the Chair during my absence. and severally referred as follows: H. R. 2211. A bill for the relief of Francesco Antonio Pataca; to the Committee on Immi­ CARTER GLASS, By Mr. HOWELL: gration and Naturalization. President 'JYT'O tempore. H. R. 2201. A bill proViding for an Assist­ By Mr. BLAND: Mr. LUCAS thereupon took the chair ant Secretary of Commerce for small busi­ H. R. 2212. A bill for the relief of Clarence ness; to the Committee on Interstate and Waverly Morgan; to the Committee on Claims. as Ac~ing President pro tempore. Foreign Commerce. By Mr. CALVIN D. JOHNSON: THE JOURNAL By Mr. LANE: H. R. 2213. A bill for the relief o! Mrs. H. R. 2202. A bill to increase the amount Agnes Wolters; to the Committee on Claims . On request of Mr. CLARK of Missouri, . of Federal aid to State or Territorial homes By Mr. McWILLIAMS: and by unanimous consent, the reading for the support of disabled soldiers and sailors H. R. 2214. A bill for the relief of the East of the Journal of the proceedings of the of the United States; to the Committee on Coast Ship and Yacht Corporation, of Noank, calendar day Tuesday, March 16, 1943, Milltary Affairs. Conn.; to the Committee on Claims. was dispensed with, and the Journal was By Mr. O'HARA: A H. R. 2215. bill for the relief of Mrs. ~pproved.· H. R. 2203. A b1ll to amend the Judicial Alice V. Jones; to the Committee on Claims. Code in respect to the original jurisdiction By Mr. REECE of Tennessee: EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. of the district courts of the United States H. R. 2216. A b1ll :for the relief of Solon P. in certain cases, and for other purposes; to Haun; to the Committee on Military Affairs. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. SCHWABE: pore laid before the Senate the follow­ By Mr. RANKIN: H. R. 2217. A bill granting a pension to ing letters, which were referred as indi­ H. R.2204. A bill relating to pay, allow­ Ethel Forbes; to the Committee on Invalid cated: ances, and insurance for members of the Pensions. REPORT OF SOCIAL SECURITY BoARD land or naval forces training to be pilots under the Civilian Pilot Training Act of 1939; A letter from the Administrator of the to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Federal Security Agency, transmitting, pur­ Commerce. SENATE suant to law, the seventh annual report of By Mr. ROWE: the Social Security Board for the fiscal year R. R. 2205. A bill to amend the act entitled WEDNESDAY, MARcH 17, 1943 ended June 30, 1942 (with an accompanying "An act to incorporate the Hungarian Re­ report); to the Committee on Finance. formed Federation of America," approved (Legislative day of Tuesday, March 9, REPORT OF OPERATIONS OF OFFICE OF THE DIS• March 2, 1907, so as to permit such federation 1943) TRICT RENT CONTROL .ADMINISTRATOR to extend certain benefits to all its members; to the Committee on the Judiciary. The Senate met at 11 o'clock a. m., on A letter from the president of the Board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia, By Mr. STEA0.4LL: the expiration of the recess. transmitting, pursuant to law, the second H. R. 2206. A bill to amend the National Rev. Hunter M. Lewis, B. D., associate semiannual report of the operations of the Housing Act, as now or hereafter amended, minister, Church of the Epiphany, Ofilce of Administrator of Rent Control of so as to give protection to persons in military Washington. D. C., ofiexed the following the District of Columbia. covering the period service, and their dependents, as to certain prayer: July 1, 1942, to December 31, 1942 (With an mortgages; to the CommitteQ on Banking accompanying report); to the Committee on and Currency. 0 Eternal God, who in times past didst the District of Columbia. By Mr. DICKSTEIN: lead our forefathers from lands of op­ H. R. 2207. A bill to amend the Nationality pression, and open before them in the DISPOSITION OF ExECUTIVE PAPERS Act of 1940; to the Committee on Immigra­ wilderness a new land which by Thy gra­ A letter from the Archivist of the United tion and Naturalization. cious providence hM become great States, transmitting, pursuant to law, a list _By Mr. McCORMACK: of papers and documents on the files of the H. R. 2208. A blll to promote the national among the nations: We beseech Thee to Departments of War, Navy (3), Interior, Agri­ defense and to fac1litate and protect the continue thy loving kindness to us, that culture (3), and Commerce; Federal Works transport of materials and supplies needful in these days of strife and strain we lose Agency (2), The National Archives, and the to the Military Establishment and essential not the vision of freedom, justice, and District Court of the Northern District of to domestic requirements through safe and equality which Thou didst reveal to California which are not needed in the con­ adequate inland waterways, by the immediate them. Guide, we pray Thee, all those to duct of business and have no permanent authorization of the construction of the New whom Thou hast committed the Govern­ value or historical interest, and requesting York Bay-Delaware River section of the At­ action looking to their disposition (with ac­ lantic Intracoastal Waterway; to the Com­ ment of our Nation, and grant to them companying papers); to a Joint Select Com­ mittee on Rivers and Harbors. at this time special gifts of wisdom mittee on the Disposition of Papers in the By Mr. PETERSON of Florida: and understanding, of counsel and of Executive Departments. H. R. 2209. A bill to cover the positions of strength. registers of the district land o:mces into the ·Bless all who labor in field and factory, The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ classified civil service and to fix the compen­ in office and home for our country's wel­ pore appointed Mr. BARKLEY and Mr. sation thereof; to the Committee on the fare. May they labor for the work's BREWSTER members of the committee on Public Lands. the part of the Senate. H. R. 2210. A blll to fix the compensation sake without undue thought of gain, un­ of registers of the district land offices in ac­ spoiled by the increase of income, seek­ PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS cordance with the Classification Act of 1923, ing to give the best that is in them. Petitions, etc.. were laid before the as amended; to the Committee on the Public And stretch forth, we beseech Thee, Senate, or presented, and referred as Lands. Thine almighty arm to strengthen and By Mr. PATMAN: protect the defenders of our country, indicated: H. J. Res. 99. Joint resolution to permit re­ wherever they may serve at home or By the ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem• tailers to combine in negotiating purchases abroad, on land, sea. or Bless pore: from suppliers; to the ·Committee on the in the air. A resolution of Hollywood Parlor, No. 196. Judiciary. them and the cause in which we send Native Sons of the Golden West. of Los An­ By Mr. OOUGHTON,: them forth. Endue them with courage geles. callf., protesting against the formation H. J. Res. 100. Joint resolution extending and loyalty. with patience, fortitude and of a Japanese unit of the United states Army;_ the time within which certain acts under endurance. and lead them to Thine own to the Committee on Military Affairs. 2106 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 17 A resolution of the House of Representatives surgeon, as there are duly qualified, licensed, ville administration a payment in lieu of taxes of the State of Texas; to the Committee on practicing physicians and surgeons who have to the States of Oregon and washington on Finance: been practicing for years, for whom the citi­ a basis substantially equivalent to that which "Whereas the people of Texas are required ze~ship has the highest regard as to their has been found proper in the operations of to pay Federal taxes to support Federal so­ ability and integrity, and they, although the Tennessee Valley Authority and Boulder cial-security programs for maternal and licensed and qualified, will not be eligible to Dam; and be it further <:htld-health services in all the States; and render the services required: Therefore be it "Resolved, That a copy of this memorial be "Whereas the State of Texas, in order to "Resolved, That it is the sense of the House sent to United States Senators CHARLES L. participate in the Federal program, is re­ of Representatives of the State of Texas as­ McNARY and RUFUS C. HOLMAN, and to Con­ quired to subscribe to certain conditions sembled at Austin, that the Congress should gressmen JAMES W. Mon, HoMER D. ANGELL, laid down in the Federal Social Security Act, amend the Federal Social Security Act in LOWELL STOCKMAN, and HARRIS ELLSWORTH, including State plans drawn on a Federal such manner as to prevent the Federal ad­ and also to the Senators and Congressmen pattern; and ministrative agencies, specifically the Chil­ from the State of washington, with the re­ "Whereas under the provisions of title V of dren's Bureau, from any requirement, policy, quest that they support legislation to make the Social Security Act the Texas State plans, or pressure involving coercion or inducement this memorial effective; and in order to receive the approval of the Federal of the States to practice or sanction denial of "That the secretary of state of the State of administrative agency for participation in the choice of physician as a part of State plans Oregon be, and ne hereby is, instructed to maternal e.nd child-health program, are re­ necessary to participate in the Federal pro­ forward a certified eopy of this memorial to quired to embrace all and such policies, gram of maternal and child health generally the President of the United States, the Presi­ measures, and means in carrying out the or services to the wives and children of serv­ dent and Chief Clerk of the United States St ate program as will currently satisfy the icemen in particular; and be it further Senate, the Speaker and Chief Clerk of the desires of the Federal Children's Bureau as "Resolved, That a copy of this resolution House of Representatives of the United States, to propriety and efficiency (title V, sec. 503 be transmitted to Franklin D. Roosevelt, and to the Governor of the State of Wash­ (a), 8), among which is the requirement President of the United States; HENRY A. ington and the president of the senate and that the State of Texas shall subscribe to and WALLACE, Vice President of the United States speaker of the house of representatives·of that practice a program which denies the right of and President of the Senate; SAM RAYBURN, State." choice of physician to the intended benefi­ Speaker of the House of Representatives; and (The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore ciaries of the Texas maternal and child­ to the Senators and Congressmen from the also laid before the Senate a joint memorial health program (if the State is to participate State of Texas." identical with the foregoing, which was re­ in the Federal social-security funds for State By Mr. VANDENBERG: -ferred to the Committee on Commerce.) plans, which 1ts people have already paid for · A telegram embodying a resolution adopted By Mr. WALSH (for himself and Mr. in Federal taxes); and by Col. Francis Hamt ramck Post, No. 1, P. L. LODGE): "Whereas the latest example of the require­ A. V., at Hamtramck, Detroit, Mich., prot est­ Two resolutions of the General Court of ment by the Children's Bureau that choice ing against any proposed annexation of the Massachusetts; to the Committee on Finance: of physician shall be surrendered in order to eastern territories of the Republic of Poland "~esolution memorializing the Congress of participate in the Federal program is repre­ and favoring full justice to Poland and the the Unit ed States to enact legislation sub­ sented in the subsidv offered by the Chil­ preservation of all Polish rights against ag­ stantially in accordance with the Ruml dren's Bureau under the Federal Social Se­ gression; to the Committee on Foreign Re- plan for the deferred collection of the in­ curity Act for the purpose of implementing lations. - come tax professional medical services and care to the By Mr. CAPPER: "Resolved, That the General Court of wives and families of servicemen as follows: A letter in the nature of a petition from Massachusetts respectfully urges the Con­ That the State plan shall restrict the expendi­ the Altrusa Club, of Los Angeles, Calif., pray­ gress of the United States to enact legisla­ ture of any of the funds for physicians' serv­ ing for the adoption of the so-called equal tion substantially in accordance with the ices except for the use of doctors approved by rights amendment to the Constitution; to Ruml plan, so called; and be it further the American Medical Association (May 1, the Committee on the Judiciary. "Resolved, That copies of these resolutions 1942, memorandum to State health agencies A petition of sundry citizens of Little be sent by the State secretary to the Vice from t he Dil'ector, Division of Health Services, River Kam.. praying for the enactment of President of the United States, to the Speaker Children's Bureau, U. S. Department of Labor, Senate bill 860, relating to the sale of alco­ of the House of Representatives of the Con­ subject Medical and Hospital Obstetric and h~lic liquors to the members of the land gress, and to· the Members of the Congress Pediatric Care for Wives and Infants of Men and naval forces of the United States; to the from Massachusetts." 11.. Military Service: '3. Standards of medical Committee on Military Affairs. care: Medical care provided under the plan By Mr. McNARY: should be authorized by the State health A joint memorial of the Legislature of the "Resolution memorializing Congress to in­ agency only when the attending physician is State of Oregon; to the Committee on Com­ crease the bed capacity of the West Rox­ licensed to practice in the State and Is a merce. bury Veterans' Hospital graduate of a medical school approved by the "House Joint Memorial 8 "Resolved, That the General Court of councll on medical education of the Ameri­ Massachusetts hereby urges upon the Con­ can Medical Association'): an·d "To the honorable Senate and H01.JSe of Rep­ gress of the United States the necessity for "Whereas the State of Texas exacts a high resentatives of the United States of increasing without delay the capacity of the standard of proficiency In all the practit ion­ America in Congress assembled: West Roxbury Veterans' Hospital to 2,000 ers of the heallng art who are llcensed to "Whereas the Federal Government of the beds, so as to meet the mounting hospital practice, and there are numerous such legally Unitecl' States, through its Bonneville admin­ needs of the veterans in this area; and be it licensed practitioners who belong to schools istration and other Federal agencies, has built further of medicine that are not affiliated with the and is operating the Bonneville Dam and the "Resolved, That copies of these resolutions American Medical Association and are not Grand Coulee Dam and an extensive system be sent forthwith by the State secretary to required to be so affiliated under the Texas of transmission lines and plant equipment; the President of the United States, to the law; and and presiding officer of each branch of Congress, "Whereas freedom of choice of physician "Whereas the Federal Government, through and to the Members thereof from this Com­ · 1s an integral part of the Texas Constitution its Bonneville administration, is in the busi­ monwealth." , · 1n that it specifically provides against the ness of making and selling large quantities of (The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore making of any Texas law which gives any electric energy; and laid before the Senate two resolutions iden­ preference to any school of medicine, regard­ "Whereas these facilities owned by the Fed­ t ical with the foregoing, which were referred less of the affiliation or nonaffiliation of any eral Government do replace or compete with to the Committee on Finance.) such school (Texas Constitution, art. XVI, existing facilities which are taxable in the By Mr WALSH (for himself and Mr. sec. 31); and States of Oregon and Washington and which LODGE). "Whereas the Social Security act in effect, are a substantial part of their tax structures; places the fitness and qualification of a Two resolutions of the General Court of and Massachusetts; to the Committee on the physician in 'the Coun~il on Medical Educa­ "Whereas to date no provision has been _ Judiciary: tion of the American Medical Association,' made for the payment by the Bonneville ad­ which is un-American, undemocratic, and is ministration of any portion of its gross reve­ "Resolution memorializing Congress to adopt the only profession that 1s licensed by the nues to the States of Oregon and Washington an adequate antilynch law laws of various States in the United States, in lieu of taxes, as has been provided in the "Resolved, That the General Court of Mas- . and controlled by a law, rule, or regulation acts which govern the Federal operations of sachusetts hereby memorializes the Seventy­ of the Federal Government. This act denies Boulder Dam and the Tennessee Valley Au­ eighth Congress of the United States to to the taxpayers and citizens throughout the thority: Now, therefore, be it adopt, and the President of the United States United States the right to choose their phy­ "Resolved by the House of Representatives to sign, an adequate antilynching law which aician; and oj the State oj Oregon (the senate jointly would enlist the powers of the Federal Gov­ "Whereas there are counties in the State of · concurring therein) , Th!!t the Congress of the ernment in learning the identity of, and pros­ Texas, in which, if this rule is enforced, the United States be, and it hereby is, memorial­ ecuting, those participating in lynch mobs, wives and children of men now in the Army ized to enact such legislation as will correct those responsible for inciting such mobs, and 'WUl be denied the services or a physician and this inequity and will require of the Bonne- those local law enforcement officers who re- 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 210'l main lax or passive while a lynching is com­ . unloading, Will be greatly increased, thus Vermont's Representatives in the Congress mitted; and be it further necessitating the still greater 1ncl'!lase in the o! the United States. "Resolved, That copies of these resolutions length of the day of the producer, and tor be sent forthwith by the State secretary to that reason a. stlll greater reduction tn avail­ RESOLUTION OF BELLVIEW GRANGE NO. the President of the United States, to the able farm labor; and 1655, FREDONIA, KANS.-FAIR PRICES presiding officer of each branch of Congress, Whereas the average dairy farmer is now FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS and-to the Members thereof from this Com­ forced to work a week of 75 or 80 hours and is monwealth." unable to convert returned milk Into butter, Mr. CAPPER. Mr. President, I ask because of lack of time, labor, and equipment, unanimous consent to present and to necessitating the dumping of such returned. ''Resolution memorializing Congress to enact have printed in the RECORD and appro­ milk: Therefore be it priately referred a resolution recently the anti-poll-tax bill, so-called Resolved by the senate and house of rep­ "Whereas many colored people are fighting resentatives, 't'hat the Secretary of Agricul­ adopted by the Bellview Grange No. 1655, In the armed forces of the United States to ture of the United States be, and he hereby Fredonia. Kans., in which they take a protect and preserve the principles of de­ .is, respectfully urged to consider the follow­ stand for fair prices which will guaran­ mocracy for which the United Nations stand: ing: tee cost of production as being an ad­ Therefore be it 1. That the importance is the quality of vantage over subsidies and parity pay­ "Resolved That the General Court of Mas­ milk and not the place of production; sachusetts hereby memorializes the Seventy­ 2. That country dairy plants be allowed to ments. eighth Congress of the United States to enact, extend the time for the reception cf milk; There being no objection, the resolu­ and the President of the United States to S. That no milk be rejected and returned tion was referred to the Committee on sign, the so-called anti-poll-tax bill to the to the producer unless it has been ascertained Agriculture and Forestry and ordered end that millions of citizens of the United to be unsafe for human consumption; to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: States residing in several of our Southern 4. That in cases where dairies are excluded States shall have restored to them their dem­ for high bacteria count or other reasons in­ BELLVIEW GRANGE, No. 1655, ocratic right to vote; and be it further spectors of the board of health and other . PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY, "Resolved That cooies of these resolutions officials cooperate as far as possible and ex­ Fredonia, Kans., March 21, 1943. be sent forthwith by the State secretary to pedient with dairymen to ascertain and Senator ARTHUR CAPPER, the President of the United States, to the remedy the cause; Washington, ]). C.: presiding officer of each branch of Congress, 5. That owing to the extreme difficulty in The following resolution was passed by and to the Members thereof from this Com­ obtaining farm labor. equipment, and mate­ the Bellview Grange, No. 1655 on March 10, monwealth." rials, no new drastic regulations be imposed 1943, and ordered sent to our Members in (The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore on dairymen during the present emergency; Congress and the Secretary of Agriculture. laid before the Senate two resolutions iden­ 6. That boards of health in jurisdictions We would like for you to give this favorable tical with the foregoing, which were referred where the dairy products of this State are attention: "Resolved, That the Bellview Grange is en to tl).e C~mmittee on tb£. Judiciary.) used or consumed cooperate with producers of dairy products to the end that the supply record as being opposed to subsidies and spe­ RESOLUTIONS OF VERMONT GENERAL AS- of milk be maintained and so far as possible cial crop parity payments for agriculture but SEMBLY-THE DAffiY INDUSTRY AND Increased as reqUired for the sucoessful prose­ rather is in favor of fair prices which will ALLOTMENTS OF FARM MACHINERY cution of the war; and be it further guarantee cost of production and a fair proftt Resolved, That the Honorable Secretary is­ for all farm commodities." Mr. AUSTIN. Mr. President, I offer sue such orders and regulations as will insure Fraternally, for the RECORD. two certified copies of the cooperation of all Federal agencies hav­ Mrs. MARIE MYERS, resolutions adopted by the General As­ ing jurisdiction as to dairy products and Secretary. sembly of Vermont. Joint House Resolu­ their production with boards of health and producers to the end that production be LE'ITER FROM WILLIAM W. DUNCAN­ tion 18 is entitled "Joint resolution re­ TAXES ON SMALL INCOMES lating to restrictions on the dairy in­ maintained and the needs of cur armed forces dustry during wartime," and and cur population and those of our allies be Mr. WALSH. Mr. President, I present met; and be it further a letter which I ask may be treated in Joint House Resolution 26 is entitled Resolved, That copies of this resolution be "Joint resolution relating to wartime al­ sent to the Honorable Claude R. Wickard, the nature of a petition and referred to lotments of farm machinery.', Secretary 9f Agriculture, to all members of the Committee on Finance. I ask that it Both these resolutions were approved the Vermont congressional delegation, the be read. Boston City Board of Health and the New The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ by the Governor of Vermont on March York City Board of Health. pore. Without objection, the letter pre­ 13, 1943. sented by the Senator from Massachu­ Mr. President, 1 ask that the resolutions setts will be referred to the Committee on be Whereas one of Vermont's greatest contri­ referred to the appropriate committee butions to winning the war is the willing­ Finance, and the clerk will read for the and printed in the RECORD. ness, ability, and natural instinct of her information of the Senate. There being no objection, the resolu­ farmers to produce more food, the present The legislative clerk read the letter, as tions were referred to the Committee on real essential which would hasten the end Agriculture and Forestry and ordered to of the war; and follows: be printed in the REcORD, under the rule, Whereas food has virtually been the de­ THE EQUITABLE LIFE AssURANCJ: as follows: cisive factor in the successful prosecution of SOCIETY OF THE UNITED STATES, previous wars; and Boston, Mass., March 5, 1943. Whereas the cooperation of all agencies, Whereas the definite shortage of farm labOr Senator DAvm I. WALSH, Federal and State, and individuals in the makes our farmer's .need for taTm machinery Senate Office Building, several States has been, and Is being, urged more essential than ever before in order to Washington, D. C. for the most efllcient prosecution of the war; "ral.se more food and cattle"-the war cry DEAR SENATOR WALSH~ I wrote you a letter and from the Secretary o! Agriculture and other last fall regarding the effect of the tax bUl Whereas one of the factors most essential Government ofllcials responsible for the pros­ upon widows and retired people with small to the successful prosecution of the war is the ecution of the war; and incomes. maximum production possible of dairy prod­ Whereas the allotted quota of farm ma­ I have just finished making quite a few ucts for our armed forces and allles and for chinery to each county is far below the actual income tax reports on this type of person, par­ the citizenry of the All1ed Nations; and need and should be at least doubled 1n ticularly those having incomes between $800 Whereas the desired result can be achieved amount: Therefore be it and $1,000 a year. If you will look at 1040A only by the cooperation of the boards of Resolved by the senate and house of rep­ report, I believe you will find that such a health of the several States, particularly resentatives, That the people of Vermont rep­ widow with a $950 income or $81 a month has those to which the greater portion of the resented in this general_ assembly cannot to pay a tax of $71, and believe me, in every dairy products of this State are shipped; and too strongly impress upon the authorities in case that I have seen these people are strug­ Whereas the strict enforcement of the Washington who are responsible in setting gling to maintain one room and some of the present requirements and restrictions of the the allotted quota of farm machinery of how comforts of life to which they have been ac­ boards of health . will In many cases cause inadequate the allotment to Vermont ts in customed. producing dairymen to reduce or sell their comparison to its actual needs; and be it Will it not be possible for such person or herds, and the proposed discontinuance of further persons to fl.le a report and upon affidavit that numerous creameries for the purported pur­ Resolved, That Vermont's Representatives tbelr income is not earned and does not ex­ pose of conserving manpower and supplies in Congress exert every effort to bring about ceed, say $1,000 single and $1,500 married, to will tend, especially in what is known in the an increase in the present allotment -quota have the tax waived, as 1s done 1n MassaehU• industry as a flush season, st111 more to of at least double the quota already set; and setts? handicap dairymen, because thereby the be it further Yours very truly, number of dairies per transporting·truck, the Resolved, That a copy of tbis resolution be WM. W. DUNCAN, number of stops and the time of loading and sent forthwith by the secretary of state to Supervisof". 2108 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-SENATE MARCH 17 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES sota recognized that fact in the able ad­ · TRAINING OF ENLISTED RESERVISTS UNDER CIVIL AERONAUTICS AUTHORITY The following reports of committees dress he.. made when he submitted the were submitted: resolution. These limitations on the Mr. BAILEY. Mr. President, a num­ several branches of our Government must By Mr. LODGE, from the Committee on ber of Senators have made inquiry of me Military Affairs: be recognized at every step of the way we as to the status of certain enlisted reserv­ S. 886. A bill relating to the selective-serv­ take in our effort to reach the very laud­ ists who are undergoing training under Ice deferment, on occupational grounds, of able goal set forth. the supervision of the C. A. A. War per!:•:ms employed by the Federal Govern­ Mr. President, the line of demarca­ Training Service. In response to · their ment; without amendment (Rept. No. 120). tion between what constitutes a treaty letters I asked for the information from By Mr. CAPPER, from the Committee on with other nations, which must have the the Civil Aeronautics Division of the De­ Claims: approval of a two-thirds vote of the Sen­ partment of Commerce. I have a letter S. 241. A bill for the relief of Rachel Acerra; ate, and agreements made by the Execu­ with an amendment (Rept. No. 121); and stating the facts, and I think the con­ H. R.1279. A bill for the relief of Lee Watts; tive which have had only a majority tents of the letter are sufficiently inter­ without amendment (Rept. No. 122). vote of both Houses of Congress has, in esting to justify printing the letter in the late years, become a twilight zone of con­ RECORD. I believe that Members of Con­ BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTION siderable area within which our efforts INTRODUCED gress would be glad to have the informa­ may be attended with confusion. tion. Therefore I ask leave to have the In entering upon a problem of such Bills and a joint resolution were intro­ letter printed in the RECORD as a part of magnitude as that involved in the reso­ duced, read the first time, and, by unani­ my remarks. lution submitted by the Senator from mous consent, the second time, and re­ There being no objection, the letter ferred as follows: Minnesota, it is only the part of wisdom and practical expediency that the limi­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, By Mr. BYRD: as follows: S. 887. A bill conferring jurisdiction upon tations upon those who conduct the ne­ the United States District Court for the gotiations on behalf of the United States DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Western District of Virginia to hear, deter­ shall be clearly defined. The people of CIVIL AERONAUTICS ADMINISTRATION, mine, and render judgment upon the claims the United States need the reassurance Washington, March 12, 1943. of John Weakley and Rella Moyer; to the Han. JosiAH W. BAILEY, that their sacred rights will not be vio­ United States Senate, Committee on Claims. lated. Those who outline specifically By Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma: Washington, D. C. S. 888 (by request). A bill to establish a the a~pirations of the United States in DEAR SENATOR BAILEY: Owing to the absence domestic allotment plan for basic agricul­ this matter must bear in mind continu­ from Washington of Mr. William A. M. Bur­ tural commodities, to regulate commerce in ally the limitations of their authority, den, I am writing to give you the information such commodities, and to provide for the and in that spirit of frankness only un­ requested in your letter of March 9, con­ orderly marketing of such commodities at fair der which a sound and lasting under­ cerning the status of certain enlisted reserv­ prices in Interstate and foreign commerce; to standing can be developed, the peoples ists who are being trained under the super­ vision of the Civil Aeronautics Administration the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. of other nations should have plainly By Mr. NYE: War Training Service. in their minds the same limitations. The accompanying memorandum outlines S. J. Res. 45. Joint resolution relating to Mr. President, I ask consent to pre­ emergency crop, seed, and feed loans and to the arrangements under which these men regional agricultural credit corporation loans; sent an amendment intended to be pro­ are receiving training. As stated therein, to the Committee on Agriculture and For­ posed by me to the resolution submitted they do not receive any pay, allowances, or estry. by the Senator from Minnesota [Mr. other compensation. They must make their BALL] and other Senators, being the own arrangements to provide the funds ORGANIZATION OF UNITED NATIONS­ needed to supply pocket money and to pay resolution Puerto Rico where the situa­ There is hereby created a Committee en by the Congress. They were passed upon tion is so acute and poverty so severe, Requirements and Program (referred to in in respect to their individual cases. should be brought into this country. this act as the "Committee") under the We know that there have already been Those of our people who lll.'ofess some chairmanship of a Director of War Mobiliza­ many deferments of agricultural labor knowledge of the situation in Puerto tion to be appointed by the President (re­ ferred to in this act as the "Director") and by the draft boards. But where those Rico have said that Puerto Ricans do not consisting of the Secretaries of War and Navy, deferments have occurred the individual speak our language sumciently well to be the Chief of Staft' of tb e Army, the Chief of case of the individual boy has justified effective farm workers. They study Naval Operations, the Chairman of the War such deferment. I a·m not willing to English in the schools but it is something Manpower Commission, the Chairman of the take the responsibility as a Senator to like our students studying a foreign War Production Board, the Food Adminis­ lay down a blanket rule that will draw a · language. It is all right theoretically, trator, and the Director of Economic Sta• line of demarcation and set aside a spe­ but one cannot get along very well when bilization. This committee shall establish, cial class of our citizens who under any subject to review and modification by the he is called upon to speak the language. President, a national program for maximum and all circumstances are Entitled to The growers in Florida have used Nassau mobilization of manpower for the military exemption and immunity from a duty labor before. They used it during the forces and for military and essential civilian to serve their country when no. other First World War. That labor speaks the production (referred to in this act as the class in the Nation is similarly situated. English language. It is accustomed to ..program"). The program shall take the If there were provision in this amend­ the cultivation and harvesting of such form of a detailed schedule of military and ment so that the matter of deferment important crops as tomatoes, which we essential civilian production and specific were an individual matteP relative to the grow. There is great skill involved in quotas of manpower to be made available to need of the family of the boy called or the military forces and to particular cate­ knowing what tomatoes to pick and what gories of military and civilian production. the situation of the young man himself, not to pick. It is said that this type .of In preparing the program the committee shall that would be an entirely different mat­ labor has that skill. The growers say take into account schedules of military and ter, and this particular· objection which they are willing to pay a fair wage for essential civilian production furnished by the I feel toward it would not exist in my this labor. Chairman of the War Production Board and mind. Mr. President, my embarrassment can the F1ood Administrator according to appro­ So I say that two reasons-and I be­ be understood. When I say that we priate jurisdiction, st-atements of manpower lieve they are worthy of consideration­ prefer to use our domestic labor the requirements for the military forces furnished namely, first, that passage of this bill by the War and Navy Departments, and state~ growers say that the program which the ments of manpower requirements for mili· will not put back upon the farm the Government has followed has been a piti­ tary and essential civilian production fUr· labor which was once there and which ful failure. The Farm Security Ad­ nished by the Chairman of the War Man­ has already gone into the service and ministration has had it under its juris­ power Commission and determined by him in into industry, and, second, because it is diction. It tried to bring workers to cooperation with the Chairman of the War not fair to give .a blanket deferment to Florida from other Sta.tes. Unhappily, Production Board and the Food Administra­ any class of men-will lead me to oppo­ some of them had objectionable diseases tor. The quotas of manpower to be made sition, as I told this group of 800 dirt available to thE: military forces as determined before they got there. Some of the under the program shall supersede present farmers yesterday, to this bill. growers told me that repeatedly they quotas employed under the Selective Train• Mr. President, the other objection I had to send men to doctors for treatment. 1ng and Service Act of 1940. The schedules have to it is that it is not a comprehen­ Unhappily, the men had not been ex­ of military and essential civilian production sive approach to this dimcult problem amined before being taken from their and the manpower quotas relating theretQ of making the best use of the Nation's determined under the program shall be bind­ manpower. I do not propose any pana­ home States. Some of them took ad­ ing upon the War Production Board, the Food cea for the dim cult problem; in fact, it vantage of the opportunity of having Administration, the War Manpower Commis­ comes the nearest to being an enigma of their expenses paid to Florida, remained sion, the Office of Economic Stabilization, and there for a few days, and then went other war agencies on their determination. almost any problem of which I know. and operations relat.ing to production and For example, you run into this dilemma: back, like tourists. Some were itiner­ manpower. The farmers admittedly are opposed to ant preachers, others itinerant gamblers, subsidy, even for labor, although the and there may have been characters of In conjunction with that section I now amendment offered by the able Senator lesser virtue in the group which has read section 7: from West Virginia [Mr. KILGORE] and :flowed in. Naturally, the growers have There is hereby created a Board of War myself contains the authority in the been dissatisfied with that kind of labor. Mobilization under the chairmanship of the Mr. President, if I am not able to show Director and consisting of four representa­ Director of Manpower to employ labor tives of agriculture, four representatives of for the purpose of supplying labor defi­ them that our own Government has industry, four representatives of labor, and ciencies wherever they may exist. It worked out an effective labor policy four public members at large appointed by gives him the power to fix the compen­ which will assure them a supply of labor the President. The Board shall hold regular sation of such labor, with due regard to when the Government is calling upon meetings at least once a month. The Board the value of the individual worker and them to produce and meet production shall make to the Director and the Chairman the competitive-labor-market condition schedules established by the Secretary of the War Manpower Commission, the Chairman of the War Production Board, the with which the Manpower Director has of Agriculture, who is the Food Admin­ Director of Economic Stabilization, and the to compete. istrator, how can I defend against a Food Administrator all of whom shall advise I realize that we run afoul of an emo­ plausible proposal like the importation and consult with the Board on all major tional attitude on the part of farmers of foreign labor? policies of manpower mobilization, such rec­ when we start talking about a subsidy, It seems to me that the great difficulty ommendations relating to policy and oper­ even for labor. In my State the impasse with our whole war program is that too ation as it may deem w1111mprove production is so dimcult that the only solution of the often we have approached it piece-meal, and manpower mobilization. problem, to prevent thousands of acres just as my able friend proposes to deal Let me briefly discuss those two sec­ of vegetables from rotting in the fields, with the problem of furnishing labor to tions. seems to be to bring in labor from Nassau agriculture in his amendment. Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President~ and Jamaica. The producers are al­ I venture, therefore, to attempt to de­ will the Senator yield? most 100 percent in favor of such action. lay the consideration of the pending bill Mr. PEPPER. I yield. I have been reluctant to embrace that for only a few minjtes. Of course we Mr. VANDENBERG. It seems obvious principle. I am an American citizen. I are to vote on it today. I am proposing to me that what the Senator has read do not want to see foreign labor brought a concrete and affirmative program on lays down an appropriate over-all rule into this country to compete with our the subject, and I am grateful to the as the basis for fixing quotas. · own labor, except· as a last resort. I Senate for being good enough to con­ Mr. PEPPER. That is what it is in· bave been subjecteg _to rather. severe sider it• . tended to do. 2112 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-:-SENATE MARCH 17 Mr. VANDENBERG. I should like to needs. Today that declaration is not to, will be to refer the Bankhead amend­ ask the Senator.from Florida if there is upon the statute books of this country as ment back to the Committee on Military any necessity for a law to achiev.e that a congressional policy. Affairs for further consideration of the purpose, or hal) there been any necessity If the proposed committee should fail whole subject which is now being re­ for it in the past 12 months? Could not to carry out the mandate of Congress, garded by it. the President have done precisely that it would be a failure of duty on the part Mr .. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I which is provided for in the amendment of the executive department, and not a am very glad to have the Senator make 1f he had taken over-all command of the failure on the part of Congress, to make that statement because I believe that is manpower problem? proper provision for a decision being the only sensible procedure to take; be­ Mr. PEPPER. No doubt the President made. I . venture to say that it would be cause we cannot possibly deal with one had the power to put such a program much fairer for this kind of a board to aspect after another. That is the into effect. Yet, in recent months, at make the over-all decision than for the trouble at this hour. For over a year we least, the Congress has been addressing Senate or the House or any of our com­ have seen the problem of war manpower itself to these problems directly. We all mittees to make it. At best we are creep up on us; but we have not takeri know that decisions have been made. limited in our experience, background, an over-all course to solve the whole We all understand from the press that and horizon of knowledge. However, col­ problem. the President has appointed a group of lectively these men are prosecuting the Mr. PEPPER. I thank the able Sena­ distinguished men who are considering war, and they are responsible for main­ tor. He simply echoes my own senti­ the question of manpower. I do not taining production in industry, upon the ments. know what authority the President has farms, and in other essential activities · Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr, delegated to them. I do not know of the. Nation. It seems to me that -those President, will the· Senator yield on that whether they have authority to re­ who think the Army is too large, and point. - · examine the size of the Army and Navy those who think that the administration Mr. PEPPER. I yield. as proposed, or the siz.e of other services has not accurately weighed the necessi­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I am as proposed. I do not know what man­ ties of agriculture, for example, would sure that the Senator from Wyoming re­ date they have been given by Executive favor such an over-all board as the one calls that one of the sponsors of the so­ order. However, I think the Congress which I propose. called Austin-Wadsworth bill stated to might, with perfect propriety, create a That is not being achieved by the our committee -that it would be abso­ statutory body upon whom the respon­ amendment of my able friend the Sena­ lutely impossible to enact it into legisla.:. sibility of making the over-all allocation tor from Alabama. He is not setting up tion and have it effective before January of manpower would rest pursuant to the any over-all board. There is none pro­ 1, 1944. Of course the Bankhead bill is authority of the people's Congress. posed, so far as I know, except by the dealing with the present crop. · If the . Here in the Senate we have heard able Austin-Wadsworth bill, virtuous as it is Austin-Wadsworth bill is finally enacted Senators speak of the size of the armed in some respects; but to it I am opposed on January 1, 1944, it will supersede all services. I do not know whether or not at the present time because it embodies legislation that·is enacted at any previ.:. the proposed army is too large. I do not the principle of coercion, and I want to ous time. The Senat~ Military Affairs know whether such forces are essential avoid until the last resort the necessity Committee, having that knowledge and to the prosecution of the war . . I do not of coercion of our civilian population. basing' their action upon the fact· that know whether, when the quotas were For obviously to .send a man to the serv­ the Austin-Wadsworth bill woulc:tnot be rtxed, the needs of manpower on the ice of his country in his Nation's uniform effective for a long, long time, brought farmf; and in industry were taken into and at a statutory compensation is one out the Bankhead bill. consideration adequately .. However, I do thing, but to send a worker to the field or · Mr. PEPPER.. Mr. President, I thank know -that if Congress should designate factory of a man who makes a profit the able Senator for that statement. IIi the agencies t', which I have referred in :upon that operation and his labor with­ trying to meet that contingency, I have this amendment as the over-all author­ out many, many safeguards surrounding first offered this alternative. There­ ity to decide that question, with the con­ that assignment is contrary to what is fore, ·Mr. President, I should like to show gressional admonition that they take the very basic principle of democracy­ what afiirmative good might come from into account civilian needs, surely the civil rights. What I am trying to avoid the pending substitute if the Senate in matter would be put squarely into the is the necessity that we shall wake up to its wisdom were to adopt it. I have re­ hands of those who ought to know how some day-of meeting chaos and confu­ ferred to the first paragraph of it, to decide the problem. sion in some stern way, and then the namely, to establish an over-all prin­ The armed services are represented. proponents of coercion will hold out that ciple of having a proper determination, r:I'he head of the War Production Board the alternative is the coercion which by a competent committee whose status is represented. The Food Administrator they propose. is established by the Congress itself, of is represented. The Director of Eco­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, will the way the manpower resources of the nomic Stabilization is a member and the the Senator yield? Nation should be allocated. That is the Chairman of the War Manpower Coll!­ Mr. PEPPER. I yield. first step. mission would be a member of the board. Mr. O'MAHONEY. I have followed Here is the second step-the one So we have a committee of service and with a great deal of interest and mUch which will accomplish everything the civilian -representatives which could, by sympathy what the Senator has been amendment of the able Senator from the admonition of the Congress, recon­ saying, but is it not obvious from what Alabama will accomplish, and will do no sider the matter and see whether or not he has just now said that the amendment injustice to any man or to any class of any determinations previously made are he proposes to the pending bill is, like our citizenry already in service. I am correct in the light of the knowledge the pending bill itself, part of the whole referring to section 3, on page 3: which now exists, and the needs which large problem which is now under con­ SEc. 3. The Selective Training and Service face the country today. sideration in the Committee on Military Act of 1940, as amended, is further amended I cannot see why anybody should ob­ Affairs which is studying the so-called by adding at the end thereof the following: ject to the personnel of the proposed Austin-Wadsworth bill? "Any provision of this act to the contrary board, unless it is desired to add others: Mr. PEPPER. I am glad to answer my notwithstanding- ~e Secretary of War, the Secretary of able friend and the distinguished senior ."(1) whenever the Chairman of the War the Navy, the Chief of Staff of the Army, Senator from Wyoming by saying "yes"; Manpower Commission deems it necessary the Chief of Naval Operations of the and let me say that I have already ad­ in order to meet the program determined Navy, and the · representatives of the vised the able sponsor of the amendment in accordance with section 2 of the Man­ other civilian agencies to which I have to which mine is addressed as a substi­ power Mobilization Act-- referred would be members of the board. tute that my first motion will be that That means the program determined For the first time the Congress itself the pending amendment be a substitute upon by the Secretary of War, the Sec­ would say that the Nation's manpower, for the amendment, as modified, of the retary of the Navy, the Chief of Staff, the like the· Nation's critical materials, must able Senator from Alabama, and my sec­ Chief of Naval Operations-those are the be fairly allocated among the Nation's ond motion, if the first is not agreed heads of the military services-the Chair- )943 CONGRESSIQN;AL RECORD--SENATE 2113 man of the War Production Board, the • Food Administrator and his subordinates, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chairman of the Manpower Commission, and in that way not one needed worker Senator has the right to delete any por­ and the Food Administrator- will be taken from the farm;nor will there -tion of his proposed substitute. That occupational deferments be granted be left there a boy who in duty and· con­ Mr. PEPPER. I also ask unanimous to persons engaged in xp.illtary or essential science sbould go to his country's service. consent to delete section 6 which is nec­ civ111an production or in essential activity A farm boy seeks no preference over essarily a part of section 5. related thereto, he shall make a finc;ling- his neighbors, and I am not willing to The PRESIDING . OFFICER. The And, Mr. President, at that point I ask give him one unless his individual situa­ amendment of the Senator from Florida unanimous consent to perfect my amend­ tion deserves and requires it; and .I do will be modified as re·quested by him. ment by adding the words "subject to re­ not see why the Congress should want Mr. BANKHEAD. Mr. President, may view by the President." to require him to become the object of I ask the Senator a question? . The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. MuR.:. criticism and question by his neighbors Mr. PEPPER. I gladly yield. Mr. BANKHEAD. Is it not a fact that nocK in the chair). ~he Senator has and his comrades who some day will the right, of course, to perfect or modify come back to be neighbors with him . the members of the commission or board his own amendment; and it will be modi­ again, unless the community is satisfied . which has been designated, or a ma­ fied accordingly. that the situation in that boy's individual jority of them at least, ·have already Mr. PEPPER. I continue to read: family and home is such as to make it passed upon the allocations of man­ fair to the Nation and to him and to his power? / To this effect and such findings shall be Mr. PEPPER. I will say to the able conclusive upon all civilian local boards and comrades that he stay behind and till any other civilian agencies functioning under the soil, instead of putting on his coun­ Senator that, in the way they would pass this act. No other occupational deferments try's uniform and going forth to perform upon it under the terms of this pro­ shall be granted under this act except upon the defense of his country. . posal, no. In the first place they have such a finding by the Chairman of the War So why should the Congress wish to never been an agency of the Congress; Manpower Commission. prefer a blanket deferment to some sen­ in the second place, so far as I know (2) For purposes of making an individual sible principle like that, which is the very they have never sat down around a table finding as to occupational deferment, the essence of the whole Selective Service by admonition of Congress to resurvey . Chairman of the War Manpower Commission this whole question in· the light of the is empowered, subject to direction by the System? President, to employ the officers or employees Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, facts as they now exist. The Senator of the War Manpower Commission or of-any will the Senator yield so that I may ask will understand that in this amendment other Federal agency and to establish· such him a question? there is given to them the power to re­ additional organization and procedure as he Mr. PEPPER. I yield to the able senior view the decisions which have already shall deem necessary and proper. Senator from Michigan. been arrived at by the armed services as to the number of men required for mili­ Mr. President, that section-those two Mr. VANDENBERG. It seems to me tary service .. subdivisions-would accomplish every that the Senator is just .1.000 per­ Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, worthy thing which the amendment of cent sound up to the present point. I will the Senator yield? · the able senior Senator from Alabama happen to be one of those who are very reluctant to launch upon occupational Mr. PEPPER. I yield. would accomplish, n~mely, the occupa­ Mr. VANDENBERG. As I understand tional deferment of every man adjudi­ deferments · and group deferments. I the situation, there never heretofore cated to be necessary iri agriculture, or am also one of those who recognize the has been any requirement of a united in industry for that matter; and the fact that under the present adminis­ recommendation covering the over-all War Manpower Authority ·would have the tration of the draft law there has been manpower problem. power and by the principle of this bill precipitated a farm problem which must Mr. PEPPER. That is true. would,have the duty, to file an appropriate be met in respect to labor and which can Mr. VANDENBERG. The President certificate requiring such deferm~nt. He no longer be left to the mercy of what we could have required it, but he did not has the power to delegate his authority, may call inadequate administration. It do so. for example, to a county agrtcultural seems to me that up to this point the Mr. PEPPER. That statement is con­ agent or, for example, to the local repre­ Senator offers a completely adequate firmed, I will say to the able Senator sentative of the Food Administrator in a substitute which would achieve the farm from Michigan, by the fact that the Pres­ given county, and to set up as his advisory result without invading the dubious field ident now has another able group con­ committee a group of farmers, for exam­ of occupatiomil deferment. sisting of some of the most distinguished ple, well acquainted with the agricultural Mr. PEPPER. I thank the Senator. men in the Government and in the Na­ needs of a given area; and if that group, Mr. VANDENBERG. Now I ask the tion, but, at the same time, the group Senator why he does not, at least for the which is making the decision, as the able that authority, determines that a boy time being, stop at that point, instead eligible for service in the services were Senator will recall, is made up, I believe, of bringing in, no matter how worthy it of former Justice Byrnes, Mr. Bernard M. needed upon the farm, they would have may inherently be, a controversial post­ the power to require the boy's deferment Baruch, possibly, Admiral· Leahy, and I script which might well be deferred. believe by Judge Rosenman. · by simply filing a certificate to that effect. Mr. PEPPER. Does the Senator refer But if they found out that the boy, al­ Mr. VANDENBERG. And I beg the to section 5, the one relative to recruiting Senator not to ignore Mr. Harry Hopkins. though living on the farm, was not per­ workers? Mr. PEPPER. And Mr. Harry Hop­ sonally entitled to deferment, they would Mr. VANDENBERG. I refer to the kins. The gentlemen named constitute not, we presume, file such a certificate. purpose of creating the National Emer­ the group of five who are considering So therefore everything in the way of gency Workers Corps. this whole subject anew. The President defe~ment of agricultural workers which Mr. PEPPER. That is what I thought. has chosen to have a review of this sub­ should be done and could be done under I have given very serious consideration ject by a competent agency. Why can­ the amendment of the able senior Sen­ to what the able Senator has said, and I not Congress have a review of the sub­ ator from Alabama therefore becomes was already practically disposed toward ject by a competent agency, every one possible under the substitute which the the suggestion which he makes. I do of whom has been appointed by the able senior Senator from West Virginia realize that up to this point I cannot see President himself? Therefore, how could [Mr. KILGORE] and I have ventured to why anybody would object to having an there be any possible objection to the offer. - over-all determination of those needs by Congress saying, "We should like a re­ Therefore we do not have to wait until competent authorities, and having an in­ consideration of this whole question by January 1944, I say to the able Senator dividual deferment of the men by a com­ the Secretary of War, the Secretary of from Colorado. We can accomplish ex­ petent agency. the Navy, the Chief of Staff of the Army, actly what the able senior Senator from I now ask unanimous consent, Mr. the Chief of Naval Operations, the head Alabama desires to have accomplished, President, to delete from the substitute of the War Production Board, the Food that is to say, not leave the question of which has been offered and which is now Administrator, the War Manpower Com­ agricultural deferment up to the draft the pending a:rp.endment section 5 mission Chairman, and the Director of boards, but put ft in the hands of the thereof. Economic Stabilization? I do not know LXXXIX--134 2114: CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 17. of any more competent agency that could employed or engaged in production or service, should have been recognized a 'long time be selected than that. and for these purposes shall have all neces­ ago and corrected under the present law sary access to production facilities and by the Selective Service Administration.· Mr. VANDENBERG. And with the di­ informa;lon. rective that quotas must be reorganized Mr. PEPPER. I am sure that the on the basis of the joint determination That is intended to provide labor in­ principle I have tried to suggest, namely, by all the responsible administrators of spectors in factories to ascertain whether the utilization of labor inspectors, is very the Government. or not an employer is actually making widely employed in England. Under Mr. PEPPER. Exactly. Then the efficient use of the labor be has employed. their set-up they have inspectors going to amendment would admonish them to do We have heard again and again the the plants and factories and picking up that with knowledge of the situation as criticism that shipyards and airplane just such information as the able Senator it now exists, regardless of what they factories and other war industries have from Missouri has pointed out concerning previously may have adjudicated. They hired more labor than they need, and we men who are being deferred but who would pass upon the matter in the light thought it was only proper that some ought not to be deferred. The inspectors of the knowledge of facts as they now . representative of the Government man­ thereupon notify the appropriate draft exist. power agency should have the tight of board of the man that he should be eli­ Therefore, Mr. President, it would seem access to such factories, to see whether gible for service. to me that the able Senator from Ala­ they are, as a matter of fact, employing Mr. President, there is a converse case bama and those who are in favor of the and absorbing more labor than they to the one the able Senator from Missouri ccupational deferment of farm labor ought to, and whether the employees are has pointed out, which has been called to could :find in such a provision everything working or whether they are idling their my attention from several sources; that they hope to achieve, and at the same time in the factories. is, there will be boys from Florida, let us time not offend the whole core and heart Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ say, who will be working in Chattanooga of the selective-service principle of every dent, will the Senator yield? in some kind of a war factory. Those man having his own case passed upon in Mr. PEPPER. I yield. boys will be actively engaged in essential accordance with the justice of the partic­ Mr. CLARK of Missouri. This morn­ war work, but when the draft board in ular case. ing, when the Senate met, I put into the Florida has its quota to :fill, it is some­ Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, RECORD some criticism of the present se­ times reluctant to honor the deferment I will not intelTUPt the Senator from lective service system by Colonel Griffin, of such a boy who is up in Chattanooga, Florida again. the head of the association of draft and send the boys who are at home off to Mr. PEPPER. I welcome the Senator's war. Sometimes they do disservice to boards in the St. Louis metropolitan area. industry by not deferring when they interruptions. One thing that Colonel Griffin has told Mr. VANDENBERG. But if he will should defer, which has, to my personal me he believes is to some extent respon­ knowledge, led a great many industries allow me, I should like to say that he sible for the manpower shortage is the has now put his substitute in a form to hire men to do nothing except go fact that, under the present selective around all over the country and see the which I am very happy to support. service system, the local board at the Mr. PEPPER. I am very grateful to draft boards about deferment. These home of a man who is registered in the men try to explain to the draft boards the Senator from Michigan. selective service always retains jurisdic­ Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President­ back home that the men are engaged in tion over his case. Colonel Griffin tells essential war work. So it really works Mr. PEPPER. I yield. me that there are literally thousands Mr. DANAHER. I should like to in­ both ways. vite the Senator's attention to section 4, upon thousands of men who come into Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ page 4, where the Senator under the the St. Louis metropolitan area from dent, if the Senator will yield, I recog­ terms of his proposal would authorize rural Missouri or rural Illinois or from nize that would be another defect fully the Chairman of the War Manpower Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, or some as bad as the one I have pointed out, and Commission to provide equipment, trans­ other State to obtain jobs, some of which we all recognize that it would be unde­ portation, and so forth- are actually in connection with munition sirable to allow a man to shop around­ Now I quote- plants, for instance, in the Curtiss­ that is, to go from a board where his Wright factory or other concerns engaged to workers being placed in or transferred to number might be high and put his cre­ war or essential civilian activity. in war work, but whose actual service to dentials under another board where his the plant is not essential. number might be lower in the draft. But Mr. PEPPER. If the Senator will per­ Yet they write back to the local draft .it does seem to me that under the existing mit me to interrupt him there, that was board at Lone Ridge, Ark., or some place .law there is no excuse for a lack of over­ all consistent with sections 5 and 6, in Missouri or some place in lllinois and all supervision to correct those evils and which I have already deleted from the tell the local board that they are working to bring about the proper utilization of amendment. I thank the Senator for for an essential war industry, such as the the manpower of this country, to the end the reminder that that also should be Curtiss-Wright plant, and they are that men who should be in the Army deleted. So I ask unanimous consent, thereupon deferred; whereas if the local should not be deferred, and, on the other Mr. President, to delete section 4 as well board in St. Louis had the right to go hand, that men should be deferred for from the amendment. · through those plants they would find men such essential industries as farming, the Mr. DANAHER. I thank the Senator. engaged as timekeepers or water carriers, production of food for the :fighting forces, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The or in other absolutely nonessential work which to my mind is fully as important as amendment will be further modified, as which could be performed just as well by the manufacture of munitions, or, ·so far requested by the Senator from Florida. older men or women or disabled men, and as that is concerned, as important as Mr. PEPPER. Now, I wish to call the the man who was actually performing the fighting. It seems to me there has been attention of the Senators to two addi­ work would be eligible for service. Colo­ a complete break-down of the over-all tional things that appear under section nel Griffin tells me-and I believe it to be supervision. 3. First, Mr. President, I ask unanimous tru«r-that thousands of men who are do­ Mr. PEPPER. Is the able Senator consent further to modify the amend­ ing nonessential work, even though it from Missouri assuming that the War ment. I should like the attention of the may be in essential war industries, and Manpower Commission has in · its own able Senator from Michigan [Mr. VAN­ who are perfectly capable of rendering right authority to defer for occupational DENBERG]. I wanted him to know that I good military service could be relieved for reasons? bad intended to modify the amendment such service. I have been informed to­ Mr. CLARK of Missouri. The Selec­ in the following respects, which I day by Colonel Keesling of the Selective tive Service System has, the President wanted the able Senator to observe: ·Service that steps are being taken to cor­ has. At the appropriate place as the amend­ rect that situation. Mr. PEPPER. Yes; but as I under~ ment has been modified I would insert: The point I make is that it was a mat­ stand, that is an individual matter. The Chairman of the War Manpower Com­ ter of administration, and there should Mr. CLARK of Missouri. The Presi­ miSsion 1s authorized and directed to survey have been no necessity for any change in dent of the United States set·up the Man­ the need for and the efllctency of use of labor the law. It seems to me the situation power Commission. There was no stat- l943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2115 utory provision for the Manpower Com­ Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President, will Mr. DANAHER. I think we are striv­ mission. The President of the United the Senator yield? ing for the same common objective. If States set it up, and under his general Mr. PEPPER. I yield. in fact what the Senator seeks to achieve wartime authority he could have given Mr. DANAHER. The Senator's last is being done or can be done by existing them any authority he pleased. proposed amendment causes me some authority, I am sure the Senator has no Mr. PEPPER. I venture to say that concern. As I understand, it would, desire to provide for an additional corps there is some question about that, at under the authority of the proposal, au­ of inspectors. least the way it is working now, because thorize the creation of a corps of inspec­ Mr. PEPPER. I do not. If the Senator I knew of a case recently where, although tors who could enter into factories, let feels that there is another agency of the there had been a request for deferment us say everywhere, to ascertain whether Government adequately covering this by the War Manpower Commission, sanc­ or not proper use of the available man­ field, I shall ask to withdraw the proposal tioned by the President, the draft board power was being made within those I have just offered. did not honor the request. factories. Am I correct in that under­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Will the standing? ator has that right. Senator yield? Mr. PEPPER. It was intended not to Mr. PEPPER. Let me direct the able Mr. PEPPER. In jUst a moment. If direct, but to authorize the War Man­ Senator's attention to another amend­ the individual affected were to file a re­ power Commission to do it, because it ment which I desire to offer to my quest for deferment, and that request was felt that there should be some way amendment providing: were turned down by the local draft of determining whether an employer The Chairman of the War Manpower Com­ board, he could take an appeal, and the was making a reasonably efficient use mission is authorized and directed to develop Pre.sident upon appeal could, of course, of his labor. Does the Senator think programs and provide medical care and other give the man favorable action, and there­ that is not a wise suggestion? assistance for rehab111tating persons deferred fore deferment, upon his own petition·. from military training and service because of Mr. DANAHER. I think it is not, if physical disabllity. But that power is not, to my knowledge, the Senator will let me answer the ques­ vested in the War Manpower Commis­ tion categorically, and proceed to ask the My reason for venturing to bring that sion, or in any other Federal agency. Senator if he has made inquiry to ascer­ up for consideration is that the number Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Will the tain whether or not the division of fac­ of selectees rejected through January Senator permit me to read the language tory inspection in the Department of 1943 amounted to 2,542,626. Those in­ of the law? Labor is not now already equipped to do ducted through selective service num­ Mr. PEPPER. Yes, I shall be glad to the very thing he proposes? bered 4,054,000. Those who volunteered have it. Mr. PEPPER. I did not realize that through selective service numbered Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. It is they were to do it upon quite the same 2,217,000. The total of the two refer­ paragraph (e)' of section 5-- background as my proposal would au­ ences I have just given amounted to Mr. PEPPER. Of the Selective Serv­ thorize the War Manpower Commission 6,271,000. About 30 percent were re­ ice Act? to do it. I was influenced largely by · jected for physical reasons. Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Of the England's experie:r1ce in connection with Dr. Parran was before our committee, Selective Service Act. these labor inspectors. A few days ago and in speaking on this subject he testi­ It provides: I was talking to the head of a steel firm fied that except for certain venereal The President is authorized, under such in Clevela.nd and I mentioned this sug­ cases, all but a few hundred of all those rules and regulations as he may prescribe, to provide for the deferment from training and gestion about labor inspectors. He said, rejected for physical reasons had been service under this act in the land and naval "I think that is an excellent suggestion. rehabilitated for service, and therefore forces of the United States of those men whose It is only fair that employers do make made eligible, many a father having to employment in industry, agriculture, or other efficient use of their labor." go to war today in this country, and leave occupations or employment, or whose activity Let me call attention to something his wife and children, because of illit­ in other endeavors, is found in accordance which happened in my State a few days eracy and because of physical deficien­ with section 10 (a) (2) to be necessary to ago, or so I am told. I do not mean to cies which have required deferment. In the maintenance of the national health, charge the employer with the facts un­ many cases, Dr. Parran testified, the safety, or interest. less they exist. I was told that a ship­ physical defects could be removed and Of course, as the Senator from Missouri maker put a notice in tQ.e paper that he men rejected made eligible for military has pointed out, the Manpower Commis­ was going to pay skilled wages for semi­ service. sion is a creation of the President, and skilled labor and semiskilled wages for If Senators think that is a contro­ this is one of the regulations which the unskilled labor. The result was that versial subject, that it might get into President has been given power to make several thousand workers poured out of the question of the means, I do not want under this very act. other war industries in that community to inject it into the consideration. Mr. PEPPER. The Senator is no doubt into this man's shipyard. He put them Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, right in reference to the possible power all to work, kept them on the pay roll a will the Senator yield? of the President, but as the system now week or.10 days or 2 weeks, then screened Mr. PEPPER. I yield. operates, the War Manpower Commis­ them; turned off all the poorer workers, Mr. VANDENBERG. The Senator's sion, as I believe the able Senator will taking the whole number as it then ex­ latest objective is obviously highly agree, is not exercising that power. isted, and had an improved labor supply worthy, but it seems to me that it opens Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Certainly .when he got through. Yet he demoral­ up the entire subject of civilian rehabil­ I agree to that. ized labor conditions in his community. itation, concerning which there is a very Mr. CLARK of Missouri. That is the Somehow or other it seems to me that desperate controversy. .occasion for the proposed legislation. kind of thing should be prevented. If Mr. PEPPER. The Senator is correct . Mr. PEPPER. But the proposed legis­ there were an admonition on the part of Mr. VANDENBERG. If the Senator lation does not give the War Manpower Congress to the War Manpower Com· will stick to what he has, he has a simple Commission power to require occupa­ mission to require every one who is using proposition, namely, a congressional di­ tional deferment; it merely creates a labor to make reasonable use of it, at rective for an over-all agreement among blanket deferment by the Congress. least before he can take on other labor, responsible Government heads for an The proposed legislation is not pur­ I think it would be in the interest of the appropriate allocation of our total man­ suant to the directive of the President, economical use of the Nation's man­ power, and authority to the Manpower or the power of the President. It is not power. Commission even to defer occupational proposed that the President's power be If I am wrong about that, in the con­ groups if ultimately that is necessary in actually employed by the Manpower sensus of Senators, I should be very glad order to meet the quotas. Let us stop Commission. The proposal is merely to to leave this suggested provision out of right there. set up a blanket statutory deferment, the amendment, because I do not want Mr. PEPPER. Very well. which would not solve anything, includ­ controversial questions brought into the Mr. VANDENBERG. It is just as sim­ ing the labor problem. amendment. ple as can be. 2116 c -oNGRESSIONAL RECORD.:_SENATE MARCH 17 Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, I have to be a critical labor area, and therefore Plants Division, and the Labor Production practically concluded what I wished to that no contract could be allocated to Division of the War Productibn Board, who are engaged in a. continuous study of the ef­ say. So far as I am concerned, unless the Forsberg Manufacturing Co. within fect of present procurement policies in critical other Senators are disposed to discuss that area. labor areas. the question, I am ready for a vote on it. Let us stop right there for a moment, A summary of the Board's conclusions to Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. Mr. President, while we ask ourselves date indicates that the basic problem is to President, will the Senator yield? exactly what that means to the Fors­ use the manufacturing skill, ingenuity, and Mr. PEPPER. I should like to ask for berg Manufacturing Co. I have had equipment found in critical labor areas to a quorum call, and have an opportunitY reported to me prior and similar in­ make the maximum impact against the ene.;. thereafter for 5 minutes to explain the stances of concerns which had been the my. The power of this impact should not be dissipated in producing items which can be present status of the amendment, and lowest bidders within a given critical readily secured in other sections of the coun­ then I am disposed to have a vote on it. manpower area, but which were de­ try where they have ample facllities and Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I wish nied the contracts. As a result, being labor surpluses. One exemption has already to ask the Senator about section '1 of the unable to obtain any materials with been made for small business since it is amendment. I have not heard the Sen­ which to engage in normal civilian pro­ realized that small business is an essential ator withdraw that yet. duction, and being unable to secure any part of our war and peace economy. . Mr. PEPPER. Yes; I thought I did. war contracts because of the critical The suggested procedure outlined in your letter would ~ake another exemption, after Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Section '1 labor area ruling, the individual concern investigation, for firms able to produce the is out? simply had to go out of business, and all goods mentioned in the contract without Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, if I have its personnel, its labor pool, had to be further burden on the local labor market. not already requested the privilege of dissipated to other factories and other deleting section '1, I now make that re­ industries within the area. I feared that Mr. President, I digress at this point to quest. might happen to the Forsberg Co. say that I had suggested, in effect, that Mr. BANKHEAD. What sections are In order to authenticate the facts, I the local representative of the War Pro­ left? sent the company's letter to the Navy duction Board should make inquiry with­ Mr. PEPPER. That leaves only sec­ Department, and under date of February in the area to ascertain whether or not tions 2 and 3, Mr. President, and they 4 I received from Mr. James Forrestal, the successful bidder in fact had an am­ should appropriately, of course, be num­ Under Secretary of the Navy, a letter ple labor pool, in fact had machinery and bered sections 1 and 2. I ask that the identifying the particular negotiation industrial ability sufficient to execute the amendment be modified in that respect, and the correspondence, and I quote contract, and could make delivery on Mr. President. from it: time. If all those conditions existed, and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The facts as presented by the company to if the company could deliver on time amendment will be so modified. you are correct. that is exactly what the Navy or any Mr. PEPPER. Unless some other Sen­ The decision of the Navy Department in other procurement arm actually desired. ator wishes to address himself on the this particular case was controlled by Direc­ So, it seemed to me that if the execution subject matter I would like to suggest tive No. 2 of the War .Production Board as of the contract could be accomplished the absence of a quorum. Did the Sena­ amended October 10, 1942, which ordered the without impact adversely on the labor tor from Connecticut [Mr. DANAHER] armed services not to place contracts in areas supply in the given area, why not let the designated as group 1 by the War Manpower War Production Board agent on the wish to speak? Commission. Mr. DANAHER. Yes, Mr. President. ground ascertain the facts and certify Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, I should Mr. President, one can see the limits to accordingly? like an opportunity for a brief explana­ which the War Manpower Commission The War Production Board advised tion of the amendment after a quorum authority extends when it can say that with reference to that suggestion: call shall be had, and before there is a within a given area the supply of labor This would increase the amount of busi­ vote on it, in order to advise Members is deemed to be inadequate to meet the ness coming into a critical labor area after of the Senate what is in the amendment demand either currently or within the consideration of the labor requirements of as it is now modified. following 6 months, and that conse­ individual manufacturers, but without con .. Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President, a quently no war contract may be lefwithin sideration of the labor demands of the man that area. across the street. A critical labor area is, by parliamentary inquiry. definition, an area in which there are more The PRESIDING OFFICER. - The The War Prd'duction Board, through jobs than men; an area in which the maxi­ Senator will state it. its Allocations Section, Mr. President, is mum in-migration has already occurred with Mr. DANAHER. Has there been an bound by the certification of the War resulting strain on housing and transporta­ agreement with respect to allocation of Manpower Commission. Consequently tion facilities. The Board believes it im­ time to a point that if I should speak at the Navy, Mr. Forrestal went on to ad­ possible for a manufacturer to guarantee that this time I would be trespassing upon vise, had to search for and discover an­ his labor will remain constant during a given other manufacturing company which contract, for no manufacturer can control the time of some other Senator? the action of the local draft boards. - The PRESIDING OFFICER. There could supply the particular hacksaw has been no agreement as to the alloca­ frames. It made no difference that the I will digress again, Mr. President, to tion of time. concern receiving . the contract submit­ say that that is the weakest point in the Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President, there ted a bid which was higher, or that the entire chain, because if such· an argu­ is a related phase of this whole war man­ company was located a thousand miles ment can be applied as to deny a con­ power problem which, it seems to me, away; so long as the company which was tract to the low bidder, the same argu­ might best be high-lighted by my taking the lowest bidder is within a critical ment certainly applies to the successful an actual case history which I have very manpower area, it cannot have the con­ higher bidder who ultimately obtains the carefully sought to authenticate in its tract, and the Navy, under the War contract. every aspect. Under date of January 15, Manpower Commission's directive, must I resume reading the letter: place the contract elsewhere. I received from the Forsberg Manufac­ As Selective Service pulls a worker out of turing Co., of Bridgeport, Conn., a letter That certainly presented an interest­ ing situation. So I took the matter up a plant, replacements must come from the which set forth that under date of De­ more efficient use of present employees; or cember 10, 1942, -the Navy Department with the War Production Board and additional labor must be obtained from the had opened negotiation No. 2386, which asked their advice as to what the situa~ unemployed, from new workers such as called for the manufacture of 311,800 tio~ was as W. P. B. saw it, and under women and high-school graduates coming hacksaw frames. The letter complained date of February 12 I received a letter, into the market, or from the transfer of to me that this particular firm was the from which I will read in part: workers from less essential work to the more lowest bidder of all those submitting bids Your recent letter outlining the problem of essential work of war production. throughout the country for this particu­ the Forsberg Manufacturing Co., in Bridge­ port, Conn., was discussed at a recent meeting Mr. President, I shall not read the re­ lar negotiation, notwithstanding which of the Critical Labor Area Appeals Board. mainder of the letter, which deals with a it_was denied the contract on the ground This Board is composed of representatives of completely different aspect of the situa­ that Bridgeport, Conn., had been classi­ the War Manpower Commission and of the tion; but, equipped with the views of the ;fied by the War Manpower Commission Procurement Policy Division, the Smaller War War Production Board, and finding that 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2117 the War Manpower Commission was,­ ,other Senators. We have yet to find an addition, the deliveries specified in bid were after all, the key to the whole problem, I appropriate solution for the threat to guaran teec,i by us when we quoted. our economy when a successful and Nevertheless, we have been informed that took the matter up with the War Man­ because Bridgeport is in the "black" area power Commission, and under date of thriving industry, so efficiently operated as regards manpower, we wnr not be awarded February 26 Mr. Paul V. McNutt wrote: that it is, in fact, the lowest bidder on a the contract and it will be given to another Receipt is acknowledged of your letter of procurement contract, can not only be bidder. February 6, witb which you enclose a copy deprived of the opportunity to be award­ In view of the fact that we have the man­ of one of January 15, 1943, from President ed the contract, but, after having spent power to make delivery on the contract, the H. S. Forsberg of the above company, protest­ a lifetime in training its workers, must necessary equipment and facilities, and the ing the classification by the War Manpower see them dispersed into a labor pool to item of hacksaw frames is a standard one Commission of Bridgeport a.s a critical labor­ be trained again in new tasks by another with us, as we have been making this item shortage area. industry while the erstwhile employing for the past 25 years, we feel we are being I believe that the following information, penalized by being denied this contract, together with the attached news. release, will concern becomes a war casualty. It is a simply because some other manufacturers be responsive to Mr. Forsberg's comment, and striking situation, Mr. President. Mr. are overloaded with war work. will explain both to you and to him the posi­ McNutt concludes his letter with expres­ We (jOntacted the local War Production tion of the War Manpower Commission in sions of regret that such a war casualty Board office, and, upon explaining the situa­ matters of this kind. must result, and that he knows of no tion to them, found their reaction was the In collaboration with the War Production means of avoiding such disturbances. It same as ours in that the order prohibiting Board, the War Department, the Navy De­ does not seem fair. the letting of any con tracts to Bridgeport partment, the Treasury Department, the In the little town of Berlin, Conn., is too general. It is felt that when a Bridge­ Maritime Commission, and other interested port manufacturer bids, if he is the lowest groups, and on a basis of careful analysis of there was a company called the Prentice bidder, a check should be made with him labor-market conditions, the War Manpower Manufacturing Co. It made nothing but or the local War Production Board to see Commission has certified which labor-market Talon zippers. It was the low bidder on that he can deliver, instead of automatically areas have the greatest abundance of workers a Government contract. The company awarding the contract to a bidder in another together with those in which labor shortages did not receive the contract because it city. · now exist and those in which shortages are was located in a critical labor area. Your consideration of this situation will anticipated. Factual information for our Someone downtown not known to you or be sincerely appreciated, as we are most purposes is gathered by the extensive field me decides that somewhere else, in some anxious to be awarded this contract for organization of the Commission, and in­ hacksaw frames, and will hope for an early cludes present and future demand for work­ other community, there is a labor pool response from you. ers expressed to us through the United States available to manufacture Talon zippers; Yours very truly, Employment Service by employers in each so the Prentice Co., with its 650 em­ H. S. FORSBERG, area, with additional data from the Selective ployees, must fold up and its employees President. Service as to withdrawals that will be made must be absorbed into some other war from the area. industries, perhaps many miles away, THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY, The estimated supply of workers is based while the Prentice Co., the low bidder, Washington, February 4, 1943. on the number presently registered with the becomes a war casualty. The Honorable JOHN A. DANAHER, Employment Service, plus estimate of addi­ I have in mind a concern in Hartford, United States Senate, tional workers normally in the labor market Washington, D. C. but not registered, and those who could be Conn., which in January of this year lost MY DEAR SENATOR DANAHER: Negotiation attracted into the labor market by intensive a $21,000,000 contract under circum­ No. 2386, which you called to our attention recruiting campaigns. stances identical with those which I have in your letter of January 18, 1943, and ·in Since our reports will be revised each described. That there is need, in solving which the F

· I 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2119 Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, what is ing that language there. There is noth­ is true only in respect to occupational the pending question? ing mandatory in section 3. I do not see deferment. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ~hat there is anything mandatory in Mr. LODGE. I wish the Senator would question is on agreeing to the modified section 2; but certainly there is nothing tell me what the philosophy behind that amendment proposed by the Senator mandatory in section 3. If the Presi­ is and what the purpose is and what the from West Virginia [Mr. KILGORE] for dent does not. exercise the powers that merit of it is. the Senator from Florida [Mr. PEPPER] we gave him in the original Selective Mr. PEPPER. In the first place, that as a substitute for the amendment of Service Act, I do not understand why is offered as a substitute for the blanket the Senator from Colorado [Mr. JoHN­ the Senator thinks he will exercise those deferment which is proposed by the able soN]. powers under this particular language. senior Senator from Alabama. ·In the Mr. PEl'PER. Mr. President, I sug­ Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, the ex­ second place, essentially it provides for gest the absence of a quorum. ercise of the power conferred by this the system which, as I understand it, is Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. Pres­ section would not be dependent upon in vogue in England-that is, there are ident, will the Senator from Florida affirmative action by the President. We occupational deferment boards who have withhold his suggestion of the absence of would impose upon the War Manpower the power to provide for and require oc­ a quorum for a moment? Commission the duty to see to it that cupational deferment. It is intended, Mr. PEPPER. Certainly, proper occupational deferments are and presumed, that the occupational de­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. Pres­ brought about. However, we would still ferment boards will be closer in touch ident, I should like to ask the Senator leave to the President the power to re­ with the occupations that they shall from Florida a question relating to sec­ view the decisions of the War Manpower deal with than would the draft boards tion 3 of his proposed substitute, to see Commission; but ,that is quite different themselves. It is intended that the oc­ if I correctly understand his amendment. from the authority which is vested in cupational deferment boards shall pass As I understand the amendment, in sec­ the President under the Selective Serv­ on the matter of occupational defer­ tion 2 he sets up a board of officials. ice Act to do those things affirmatively. ment, and that the selective-service Then I find this language in section 3: The President has not seen fit to do boards should pass upon the matter of (1) whenever the Chairman of the War them. The able senior Senator from deferment upon other grounds, as be­ Manpower Commission deems it necessary in Alabama has said, therefore, that we tween man and man-questions of de­ order to meet the program determined in should have a blanket deferment of ag­ pendency, fitness, ana other questions of accordance with sec~ion 2 of the Manpower ricultural labor. The able senior Sena­ Mobilization Act that occupational defer­ that character. · tor from West Virginia [Mr. KILGORE] But certainly, according to my infor­ ments be granted to persons engaged in mil­ and I have proposed as a substitute that itary or essential. civilian production or in mation, the system proposed has been essential activity related thereto, he shall we confer a statutory duty and power the system used in England, under which · make a ftnding- upon the War Manpower Commission they have entrusted the matter of occu­ to provide for occupational deferment, pational deferment to occupational de­ Mr. PEPPER. Pardon me, I inserted but, of course, we have not wished to the words "subject to review by the deprive the President of his just power ferment boards. Since the President's President" at that point. right of review is preserved, it would to review the decisions of the War Man­ seem to me that our proposal is much Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. That is power Director. what I wanted to · find out-whether it to be preferred over the proposal of the We feel that would make it very much able senior Senator from Alabama, would make the chairman of the War stronger, therefore, that the principal Manpower Commission the czar of every­ which provides for just a blanket defer­ objective of the able senior Senator from ment. Our proposal would for the first thing. Alabama and the able senior Senator Mr. PEPPER. No; I asked and received time make it the duty of the Manpower from Colorado would be achieved in a Commission to enter the field of occupa­ permission to insert at that point the way better than that which has been words "subject to review by the Presi­ tional deferment in his own right but at used in the past when we have not done the same time it would not deprive the dent." something like this. Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Since that President of his supervisory power. Mr. LODGE. Mr. President, will the Mr. LODGE. Does the Senator think proviso has been inserted, I wonder what Senator yield? the objective and effect of the section that the adoption of his amendment . Mr. PEPPER. I yield. would result in there being a really ac­ would be. In the original act the Presi­ Mr. LODGE. As I understand it, the dent has already been given that power. curate knowledge, somewhere, in some Senator offers sections 2 and 3 as sub­ agency of the Government, as to where Then to restate that he has the power, stitutes for the bill; is tb,at correct? when it is obvious that he has it, and the labor surplus is and what the na­ when the law already states that he has Mr. PEPPER. As substitutes for the ture of it is? it, makes me wonder what the objective pending amendment. Mr. PEPPER. That is certainly the of section 3 is, and I wonder if the Sen­ Mr. LODGE. Section 2 provides for a intention of the amendment, and I think ator will agree to· withdraw the section? convocation or gathering together of the -it would go a great deal farther than Mr. PEPPER. My purpose is to deal heads of the various war agencies,. and would the amendment of the able senior with a fact, not a theory. We are deal­ ·provides for the development by them of Senator from Alabama in achieving that ing with a situation which the President a plan for allocation of manpower; is end. That is wha.t should be done. has not already seen fit. to provide for­ that correct? Mr. LODGE. It seems to me that un­ namely occupational 9eferment by an Mr. PEPPER. That is correct .. til we know where the labor surplus is agency other than the draft boards. Mr. LODGE. Of course, I believe the and what the nature of it is, there is Congress, when faced with that problem, President has ·that power; but certainly not much use in enacting legislation; would simply vbe enacting here a pro­ it is a praiseworthy goal, whether done and, without that knowledge, planning, vision that the authority is reposed in the by Presidential authority or by statutory whether on a voluntary basis or on the chairman of the War Manpower Commis- enactment. basis of coercion, will not accomplish . sion, but we do not, of course, attempt to Section 3 leads me to the conclusion­ anything. deprive the President of his power to and I hope the Senator will correct me Mr. PEPPER. It is intended that the supervise or review all action of the War if I am wrong-that the determination over-all board will for the first time, and Manpower Commission. of occupational deferment would be re­ authoritatively, make that determina­ - Mr. LODGE. Mr. President, will the moved entirely from the hands of the lo­ tion and promulgate that knowledge. Senator yield? ~ cal boards. Mr. LODGE. I shall not ask the Sena­ Mr. PEPPER. I yielded to the able M.r:. PEPPER. That is correct. It tor to explain to ~ me why that has not Senator from Colorado, and next I will does make it the duty of local boards, in been done, but I think we all have·a right yield to the able Senator from Mas­ respect to occupational deferment, to to wonder why it has not been done. sachusetts. observe the directive of the War Man­ Mr. PEPPER. The Senator is kind in Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I just power Commission, which ·is subject to ·relleving me of a duty which I could not do not understand the necessity for add- review by the President. Of course, that discharge. 2120 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 17 Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado: Mr. · Mr. FERGUSON. Does this amend­ 'The legislative clerk called the roll, President, will the Senator yield further? ment anticipate new local boards on-de­ and the following Senators answered to Mr. PEPPER. I yield. ferment along industrial occupational their names: Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I cannot lines? · Aiken Gillette Overton Austin Gurney Pepper find the language to do the things which Mr. PEPPER. Not primarily. Bailey Hatch RadclHfe the Senator from Massachusetts has Mr. FERGUSON. How is that func­ Ball Hawkes Reed been assured the amendment would do. Bankhead Hayden Revercomb tion to be ~rformed? Bilbo Hill Reynolds I cannot find anything in the language Mr. PEPPER.· The War Manpower Bone Holman Robertson which provides for doing such things. Commission, I will say to the able Sena­ Brewster Johnson, Call!. Scrugham Mr. PEPPER. In the first place, it is tor. I read from the bottom of page 3: Bridges Johnson, Colo. Shipstead made the duty of the committee-refer­ Brooks Kilgore Smith (2) for purposes of making an individual Buck La Follette Taft ring to the over-all Committee on Re­ Burton Langer Thomas, Idaho quirements and Program-and I read finding as to occupational deferment, the Bushfield Lodge Thomas, Okla. Chairman of the War Manpower Commission Byrd Lucas ThOmas, Utah now from page 2, beginning in line 3: is empowered, subject to direction by the Capper McCarran Tobey This committee shall establish, subject to President, to employ the officers or employees caraway McClellan Tunnell review and modification by the President, a of the War Manpower Commission or of any Chavez McFarland TYdings Clark, Idaho McNary Vandenberg national program for maximum mobiliza­ C'ther Federal agency and to establish such Clark, Mo. Maloney Van Nuys tion of manpower for the military forces and additional organization and procedure as he connally Maybank Wagner for military and essential civilian production shall deem necessary and proper. Danaher Millikin Walsh (referred to in this act as the "program"). Davis Moore Wherry The program shall take the form of a de­ I will say to the Senator that the Downey Murdock White tailed schedule of military and essential civil­ Ellender Nye Wiley Chairman of the Commission would have Ferguson O'Daniel Willis ian production and specific quotas of man­ power to set up additional personnel, but power to be made available to the military George O'Mahoney Wilson forces and to particular categories of mili­ it will be noted that emphasis is also The PRESIDING OFFICER Iceland to to sundown, and therefore, is operating Mr. PEPPER. I am going to ask that Guadalcanal, from India to England, in accordance with the Government farm the two and one-half lines providing for from north Africa to Ireland, indeed, all program; but he cannot erect buildings the chairmanship of the director of war over the world, is about as essential as on his farm which he actually owns and mobilization to be appointed by the having men in the armed forces to eat works, and unless he erects a building President, may be deleted. the food and fire the guns. there or sets up a tent and bivouacs there Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ I charge, without fear of successful he is denied a permit. dent, will the Senator repeat the pro­ contradiction; that, except for incompe­ Mr. President, I cite that case out of posed modification of his amendment? tence in administration, the situation a great many which have come to my Mr. PEPPER. I shall strike out the which has now developed of a shortage attention to show that in many instances following language, beginning in line 5, in food production in the United States the local draft boards have completely on page 1: would have been recognized a year-and disregarded the whole spirit and, I be­ Under the chairmanship of a Director of a half or 2 years ago, and should never lieve, the letter of the Tydings amend­ War Mobilization to be appointed by the Pres­ have been permitted to come about. ment. ident (referred to in this act as the Director) ·Now it is a question of what can be done I said a moment ago, and I repeat, that and- to remedy the situation so far as pos­ any prudent management of these vast So there will be no new organization. sible. affairs would have recognized long since Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ Let me say that, in my opinion, the that, by the double process of drafting dent, I freely admit that anything de­ adoption by the Congress last fail-in farm labor and of refusing the farmer leted froin this amendment is an im­ itself a belated measure-of the Tydings agricultural implements to take the place provement, and if the Senator will con­ amendment, has done a great deai toward o~ farm labor, a shortage of production tinue to whittle down his amendment he the amelioration of the food situation in was bound to be created.· Yet the pow- may. whittle it down to a point where it 2122 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 17· might not be so objectionable. But with Committee on Requirements and Pro-. amendment is of no avail or not neces­ that language deleted let us see what the grams," which is to define the needs of sary, because the President already pos- . amen~ent does. It provides: the various activities of the Nation essen­ sesses the power to do what my amend­ There is hereby created a Committee on tial to the prosecution of the war­ ment provides? Requirements. and Program (referred to in shall establish, suoject to review and modi­ Mr. CLARK of Missouri. My point is this act as the "Committee") consisting of fication by the President, a national program that the President already possesses the the Secretaries of War and Navy, the Chief for maximum mobilization of manpower for power to do everything that the amend­ of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Naval Op­ the military forces and for military and es­ ment of the Senator from Florida would erations, the Chairman of the War Manpower sential civilian production- give him authority to do, and if the Commission, the Chairman of the War Pro­ duction Board, the Food Administrator, and And that this program, as defined in President has not exercised the power he the Director of Economic Stabilization. line 7 and the following lines- now has, and the officials appointed under his Executive order have not ex­ Mr. President, who are those men? shall take the form of a detailed schedule of military and essential civilian production and ercised that power or discretion, then Who are the functionaries who are to specific quotas of manpower to be made avail­ the only thing the Congress can do is not make up this super committee? With the able. to refer it back to the same officials who exception of the Stabilization Director, have heretofore failed to exercise that they are the very oligarchists who got us In other words, it shall determine the power, but by legislation to prescribe as into this tragic situation. They are the manpower needs of the various essential accurately as may be the policies the men who are absolutely .responsible for activities of the Nation, military and Congress desires to have carried out. the confusion and the break-down in ad­ civilian. Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, will the ministration which makes the proposed Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ Senator yield further? legislation necessary. dent, I understood from the explanation Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I yield. I am reminded of the story which I of the amendment given by the Senator Mr. PEPPER. Does not the President heard when I was a boy, about the old from Florida that that was his intention. already have the power to do everything fellow who was haled into court for steal­ I believe the language beginning on line the Bankhead amendment proposes to ing chickens. When his case was called 7, page 2, referred to by the Senator from do? the judge looked down over his "specs" Massachusetts [Mr. WALSH], is readily Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Yes, Mr. and said, "Are you the defendant in this susceptible to the construction placed President. That is precisely what cre­ case?" The old man said, "No, sir; no, upon it by him. ates the necessity for the Bankhead sir; nothing like that. I'se just the man Mr. President, what would this amend­ amendment. The President has the that stole the chickens." [Laughter.] ment do? After organizing into another power, but the President has not exer­ And so it is in this case. This new super­ committee the various administrative cised it. The purpose of the amendment administrative agency is to be composed agencies who are responsible for the is to say that the Congress wants that of the very men whose confusion and present confusion-for the present de­ done; to put it intJ legislative form, and incompetency have brought about the bacle-it would simply give them au­ make it the duty of the responsible pub­ present situation. thority to do what the President already lic officials to carry out the announced Mr. WALSH. · Mr. President, will the has authority to do under the law. policy of the Congress. That is the ex­ Senator yield? • The Senator from Colorado [Mr. JoHN­ act purpose and the policy of the Bank­ Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I yield. soN] read the law a little while ago. I head amendment. If that is not so, I Mr. WALSH. I wish to call the Sena­ shall read it again because I think it is ask the Senator from Alabama to cor­ tor's attention, in view of what he has very important to understand what this rect me. stated, to lines 3, 4, 5, and 6 on page 2 s0-called palliative of the Senator from Mr. PEPPER. The power to defer of the amendment. Florida would actually do. Subpara­ for occupational reasons is not vested in This committee- graph (e) of section 5 of the present the form of board to which the able Sen­ law-the Selective Service Act-is as ator has referred, but in the chairman of The committee which the Senator has follows: described- the War Manpower Commission under (e 1 The President is authorized, under section 3 of my amendment. The Sen­ shall establish, subject to review and modi­ such rules and regulations as he may pre­ fication by the President, a national pro­ ator will agree, will he not, that the War scribe, to provide for the deferment from Manpower Commissioner does not pos­ gram for maximum mobilization of man­ training and service under this act in the power for the military forces and for mili­ land and naval forces of the United States sess that power. tary- of those men whose employment in industry, Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I do not un· Please note- agriculture, or other occupations or employ­ derstand that he has been specifically ment, or whose activity in other endeavors, given that power by the President. He and essential civilian production, is found in accordance with section 10 (a) could have been given it at any time. I ask the Senator from Missouri what (2) to be necessary to the maintenance of Mr. PEPPER. If he were given that that means to him, and if it does not the national health, safety, or interest. power, the authority for occupational mean control of almost every civilian ac­ If any language could be broader than deferment would exist by Congressional tivity in the country? that I am unable to conceive of it. action. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. It not only I read further: Mr. CLARK of Missouri. The ques­ means the control of every civilian activ­ The President is also authorized, under tion would be left to the discretion of the ity in the country, but it means the con­ such rules and regulations as he may pre­ administrative officials, who have failed trol of every military activity in the coun­ scribe, to provide for the deferment from to exercise any discretions which they try. training and service under this act in the may have had. The purpose of the Mr. WALSH. And also economic ac­ land and naval forces of the United States Bankhead amendment is to provide in tivities. (1) of those men in a status with respect specific legislative terms fo.r meeting the Mr. CLARK of Missouri. And also to persons dependent upon them for sup­ pressing and vital need for the production economic activities. It means the con­ port which renders their deferment advisable, of food supplies. and (2} of those men found to be physically, trol of munitions production; it mentally, or morally deficient or defective. Mr. PEPPER. Is it not fair to say means-- No deferment from such training and service that an alternative is provided as be­ Mr. WALSH. Does it mean that the shall be made in the case of any individual tween the Bankhead amendment and committee could close up one industry exeept upon the basis of the status of such the amendment now pending, namely if and open up another? individual, and no such deferment shall be we wish to make a blanket deferment Mr. CLARK of Missouri. It seems so made of individuals by occupational groups for everybody in agricultural occupa­ to me under the provisions of the amend­ or of groups of individuals in any plant or institution. tions, it may be achieved by the Bank­ ment. head amendment, and if it is desired Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, will the Mr. -PEPPER. Mr. President, will the to give statutory. authority to the War Senator yield? Senator yield? Manpower Commission to make occupa, Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I yield. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I yield. tiona! deferments for agriculture and in­ Mr. PEPPER. Is it not very clear to Mr. PEPPER. Is it the point of the dustry, it may be done through my the able Senator from Missouri that "a able Senator from Missouri that my amendment? 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2123 Mr. CLARK of Missouri. The Congress States, but also the requirements of our from the cities can help to some extent has tried to handle that problem by giv­ armed forces abroad, to say nothing of in the harvest; but if we depend too ing discretion to the Executive. The our obligations to our allies. While I much on that source we will fall down discretion has not been exercised. The deeply explore the necessity for legislat­ on the job of food production. hour in the agricultural situation is now ing on the subject at this time, if any­ The farmer must have machinery and · 11 o'clock and 59 minutes. If Congress thing is to be done it can be done only by equipment. The W. P. B. ought to be 1s to do anything to save the situation, legislation. looking forward to increasing the in my opinion it cannot do anything by It is said that this is class legislation; amount of farm machinery manufac­ further beating around the stump and and, of course, it is. Any blanket de­ tured, instead of trying to hold it down leaving it to someone's discretion. It ferment is class legislation. However, it to one-fourth of 1940 production. A means postponement, and postponement is class legislation not in the interest of step has been made. I have been in­ means failure and futility. If Congress the farmers as a class. It is deferment formed recently that production is to be is to do anything, the sooner it does it~ in the interest of a vital necessity of allowed to the extent of one-half the the better for all concerned. an the people of the United States as 1940 production. · Mr. PEPPER. Under the existing ad­ well as our allies, to whom we are under Many farms niust have fertilizers. ministrative set-up does the Food Admin­ obligation to furnish food. This bill Livestock and poultry require protein istrator have the power to require occu­ should have been passed a long time ago, feeds. These must be produced by labor. }>ational deferment of essential farm when the necessity for it developed. Any Oil-bearing crops require labor to pro­ workers? delay, such as recommitting the bill to duce; and whether we like it or not­ Mr. CLARK-of Missouri. I do not un­ the Committee on Military Affairs, as though this is not directly involved in derstand that he can require it; and I the Senator from Florida [Mr. PEPPER] the pending legislation-farmers must do not understand that he would be able states he intends to propose, would be a have good prices to assure continued to do so under the amendment of the source of very material danger to the production at high levels. Senator from Florida. well-being of the United States and to The United States is engaged in an Mr. PEPPER. In the pending amend­ the winning of the war. ·au-out, global war. ment, beginning near the bottom of page Mr. CAPPER. Mr. President, I intend to support the pending measure, which But we are committed to financing 3 is the following language: that war to the extent that United States (2) for purposes of making an individual is known as the Bankhead bill, as pro­ dollar expenditures for war purposes this finding as to occupational deferment, the posed to be amended by the amendment Chairman of the War Manpower Commission -offered by the Senator from Colorado 'year will amount to more than the ex­ is empowered, subject to _direction by the [Mr. JoHNSON]. I sincerely hope the bill penuitures of all our allies and all our President, to employ the omcers or employees will not be amended in such fashion that enemies combined. That is hard to be­ oz the War Manpower Commissior> or of any bureau or agency regulations will be lieve; but the cold, hard statistics tell other Federal agency. written afterward to destroy its purpose, us it is a fact. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. That mere­ namely, to keep necessary farm labor on We are not only financing a large por­ ly provides for an additional number of the farm. tion' of the world in this global war but jobs, Mr. President. It does not help out The farm problem finally has be­ are also fighting all over the world, and the farm situation. ·come recognized, though somewhat be­ undertaking to feed many millions of Mr. PEPPER. If the Senator-w111 al­ latedly, as a food problem. This means people throughout the world, ' in addi­ low me to complete my statement, under that every one of more than 130,000,000 "tion to more than 130,000,000 of our own that language the Chairman of the War persons in the United States-plus no people. Manpower Commission could designate one knows how many millions in other Latest estimates from the Department another Federal agency to exercise the lands-has a vital interest in its solution. of Agriculture on feeding other peoples, power of occupational deferment. If he When this was merely a farm problem which we have undertaken, give some should delegate the subject of agricul­ instead of a food problem, only those idea of the amount of food which will tural manpower to the Food Administra­ residing on farms or in close touch with go out of the country 'this year. tor would it not be reasonable to pre­ the people living on the 6,000,000 farms M:>re than one-half-the estimate is sume that he would also delegate the in the United States took an active inter­ from 50 to 60 percent-of all canned power of occupational deferment to the est in proposed solutions of the problem. fruit in the United States is to be sent Food Administrator? If he should do But now, and for the next few years, abroad this year, for military and lend­ so, would it not be fair to presume that during the war and for several years fol­ lease purposes. Also almost one-half the Food Administrator would actually lowing, every one of us will be deeply and of all canned vegetables are needed over­ require the deferment of essential agri­ feelingly interested in the food problem. seas for Allied armed forces and starving cultural labor, taking into consideration Already the pinch is being felt. civilian populations. the circumstances · of each individual Food may become so scarce that One-fourth of the beef produced this case? rationing of nearly all foods, except year is to go abroad; 35 to 40 percent of Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ possibly bread, is more than likely to all pork, not including lard; between dent, I dare say that every Senator-cer­ become a reality before the end of the one-fourth and one-third of the eggs tainly every Senator from an agricultural present year. I dislike to think what laid in the United States are destined for State-has had the experience of trying will happen if we have a poor crop year foreign consumption this year; also one­ to handle this problem with the adminis­ either in 1943 or in 1944. fifth of the butter, 40 to 45 percent of the trative agencies. If he calls up one But, of course, rationing is only the cheese, 40 to 50 percent of the condensed agency he is told that another agency answer to the problem of distributing and evaporated milk, 25 to 30 percent has it in charge. If he calls up the other food. of the lard, and nearly one-fourth of the agency he is told that there will be a joint Rationing will not grow one kernel of other edible fats and oils. committee representing all agencies, and wheat or produce one drop of milk or From 35 to 40 percent of dried fruits that possibly at some time he will receive increase by c..ne ounce the amount of are reserved for export for military and some relief through that committee. No beef, pork, lamb, or other meats avail­ lend-lease purposes; from 10 to 15 per­ relief has been afforded, and the situa­ able. Rationing will not lay one egg, or cent of wheat; from 15 to 20 percent of tion has grown steadily worse while the grow· one small potato. rice. The other day 60,000 tons of food­ administrators have conferred with each The real answer to the food problem stuffs were unloaded from one convoy to other. "Hope deferred maketh the heart is production of foodstuffs on the north Africa. sick." While that has been taking place 6,000,000-or-so farms in the United No wonder we now are threatened with the production of food in the United States. food shortages in many lines. We are States has been steadily falling until it To produce food the farmer must have warned that all of us must tighten our has reached the absolute danger point, labor; he must have manpower. That belts and that before the end of the year not only as it relates to the requirements labor will produce best if it is skilled, ex­ it will be patriotic to wear a lean and of the civilian population of the United perienced labor. Women and children hungry look. 2124 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-SENATE MARCH 17 But despite all this it is not necessary us to obtain the maximum possible pro­ of the county United States Department of ,Agriculture war boards if it is not to. be used to become unduly alarmed. Huge as are duction. in case's such as these? Some of these men the demands for food, there is no reason The question I wish to ask is whether are needed back in this county or our food for any one starving or facing even the Senator thinks that the passage production goals will suffer. Details of in­ near-starvation in the United States if­ either of the Bankhead law or the adop­ dividual cases are available if you wish. and I wish to emphasize this point-the tion of the Bankhead amendment or the farmers of the United States are allowed Johnson amendment would do the job. The telegram is signed by Mr. A. F. sufiicient labor, sufficient farm ma­ Mr. CLARK · of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ Hoffman, Jr., secretary of the Delta chinery and equipment, and, for many dent, that is the only thing that can be County U.S. D. A. War Board. farms, fertilizers. Livestock producers done at this time. I certainly do not We have heard during the debate that must have the necessary protein feeds to think it will restore production to what the selective service boards were to be enable them to do the job. might have been possible if a more com­ governed by the county war boards in Crops must be planted; they must be prehensive policy had been adopted at determining whether men were essential cultivated in most instances; they must the time of the inception of the matter; on the farms; and yet, 10 days after we be harvested. Dairy cows have to be but it seems to me that under the cir­ were given that assurance, we have evi­ fed, cared for, and milked regularly. cumstances it is the only thing which dence that the advice of the county war Eggs and poultry do not just happen; can be done. boards has been completely ignored, and beef and pork come from cattle and hogs, Let me say that I do not agree with the that the selective service boards have and these must be bred, fed, and cared Senator's figure that there are only paid no attention whatsoever to it. for intelligently and constantly, then 250,000 young men left on the farms. I Of course, the Senator's point is well slaughtered and processed before they do not know where the Senator got that taken-that we are locking the door after become food. :figure. the horse has been stolen. There is no I realize that women and children can , Mr. BANKHEAD rose. doubt about that-that is, most of the to some extent replace men on farms. : Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I yield to horses have been stolen; there are 300,- They already have done so, by the thou­ the Senator from Alabama. 000 colts left there. Why not keep sands and tens of thousands. But in or­ Mr. BANKHEAD. General Patterson them? der to feed aU our people, and so many wrote that they would defer 3,000,000 Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, I do not billion others to boot, the farms of Amer­ farm workers. I am astonished at the agree with the position of any of the ica apparently need approximately 3,- , figure the Senator from Wisconsin has Senators who have spoken in that con­ 000,000 more workers. given. Why do they object to the pas­ nection. The point I am trying to make If these men can be obtained without sage of the bill if they are going to defer is that we have focused the attention of taking any from the armed forces, well all the farmers, anyway? the country and of this body on the re­ and good. I would not keep one needed · Mr. WILEY. I must say that when I tention on. the farms of 250,000 single man out of military service when this listened to the debate several days ago men, when what we should do is focus Nation is at war. But if food can win the I heard the statement made that there attention on the problem of how to get war and help write the peace, the lack of were left on the farms of America only more labor, together with adequate ma­ it can certainly prolong the war, and 250,000 single men. chinery, back on the farms. It seems militate greatly against writing the However, let me come to my next ques­ to me that is the proper legislative func­ peace. I urge the adoption of the John­ tio:o., because I am vitally interested-- tion. , son amendment. MI. BANKHEAD. Mr. President, per­ Mr. BANKHEAD. Mr. President, I Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, will the mit me to call the Senator's attention to should like to ask the Senator again why distinguished Senator from Missouri the fact that the bill is not limited to he confines his argument to single men. yield for a question? · single men. It is true that very few Mr. WILEY. I do not confine my Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I do not single men yet to be called under the argument to them. have the fioor, Mr. President. If I had, draft are left on the farms. Very few Mr. BANKHEAD. That is the argu.. I should be glad to yield. single men are left. The bill covers all ment the Senator has been making. Mr. WILEY. Let me say that as I men-those from 18 to 38 years of age­ Mr. WILEY. No; I have stated the po­ understood the Senator's position, it was wherever they may be. sition as we see it and as I heard it in agreement with the position at which Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. related in the Senate, that, practically, I have arrived: First, that under the President, will the Senator from Wiscon­ under the enlightenment the boards have Selective Service Act adequate power was sin yield very briefiy to me on that point, received, they are not taking off the lodged in the executive branch of the and then proceed to the next point, if he farms any men except the single men. Government to handle the whole man­ desires to ask the Senator from Missouri Am I mistaken about that? power situation, but it simply fell down another question? Mr. BANKHEAD. Evidently the Sen­ on the job, and the mess that we are in Mr. WILEY. Yes; I am very happy to ator is, judging· from the telegram which has come about simply because of a fail­ yield. · the Senator from Colorado has read. ure to do what should have been done. Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I have re­ · Mr. WILEY. Oh, no; the telegram Mr. CLARK of Missouri. That is cor­ ceiv~d a telegram sent yesterday, March· does not say that they are taking mar­ rect, and that is the only justification for 16, from a small agricultural county in ried men. the passage of legislation on the subject, Colorado. On the 6th day of March, as Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. No; there which I admit must necessarily be im­ the Senator will recall, a directive was is no distinction as between single men perfect and cumbersome. issued by General Hershey with respect and married men. Mr. WILEY. Very well. We find that to manpower on the farms-a directive Mr. WILEY. Did the telegram say so? the executive branch of the Government which, by the way, should have been is­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. No; it has the power, but has not exercised it; sued immediately upon the passage of the did not say anything on that point. we find that the executive branch of the Tydings Act, back on the 13th of Novem­ Mr. WILEY. No; it did not. I heard Government has· acknowledged that it ber, but it was not issued until the 6th the Senator read it. has not exercised the power. So we pass of March. However, 10 days after it was Mr. CLARK of Missomi. The Senator a law, after 70 percent of the farm help issued we find that this is what hap­ does not doubt that a great many that has left the farms has gone into pened in this small county in Colorado­ married men who were on the farms have industry, and 30 percent has gone into the telegram is addressed to me, and been drafted; does he? the armed forces. Now, when only 250,- comes from Delta, Colo.: Mr. WILEY. I agree that they have 000 young men are left on the farms, we Despite all possible efforts of our county been drafted. The barn door has been propose to pass a law saying, "Freeze United States Department of Agriculture war closed after the horses have gone; but I those young men there." In other words, boards- want to get a few more horses back on we give the impression-and that is the That refers to the county war boards the farms if I may be pardoned the allu­ danger-that the proposed legislation is that are set up throughout the country­ sion; and that seems to me to be the way a remedy, whereas I understand that the fifty-eight men left today for military- serv­ to .start solving the problem. figures show that we have taken off the ice, 22 of . whom were farm workers, some of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The farms about 1,200,000 men who should them essential, and who will need immediate question is on agreeing to the amend­ have remained there in order to enable replacement. Of what use is the experience ment, as modified, proposed by the Sen- 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~SENATE 2125 ator from West Virginia EMr. KILGORE] will not exceed 85 percent 1942 figure. Re­ office. Production in 1943 depends entirely on behalf of the Senator from Florida gards. on acreages seeded and yields per acre. EMr. PEPPER] as a substitute for the W. J. CECIL, Sorry to advise law prohibits our releasing California Director of Agriculture. information relative. 1943 intended acreage amendment of the Senator from Colo­ before offi.cial release by Crop Reporting rado [Mr. JoHNSON] to the committee Board of United States Department of Ag­ substitute. · DoVER, DEL., March 16, 1943. riculture which wil!'be at 3 p. m. March 19. Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, I ask for Hon. E. D. SMITH, This early in the season average yields ap­ Committee on Agriculture, the yeas and nays. plied to intended 1943 planted acreages is Senate Office Building: best indication of 1943 production. All such Mr. HILL. Mr. President, I suggest Estimate 10 to 15 percent reduction over· the absence of a quorum. information may be obtained from the Crop all overage in 1943 crops compared with Reporting Board which is the source of all The PRESIDING OFFICER. The 1942 providing weather conditions favorable. official estimates. For your further infor­ clerk will call the roll. . RALPH C. WILSON, mation practically all armchair snap judg­ The Chief Clerk called the roll, and Secretary, State Board of Agriculture. ments and hurried surveys by persons and the following Senators answered to their agencies who are inexperienced in crop and names: TOPEKA, KANS., Mat·ch 16, 1943. livestock forecasting and estimating are Senator E. D. SMITH, gz:ossly in error. Aiken Hatch Radcliffe Austin Hawkes Reed Senate Committee on Agriculture: EVAN V. JONES, Bailey Hayden Revercomb Kansas food production this year estimate Agricultural Statistician for South Dakota. Ball Hill Reynolds 10 percent less. Bankhead Holman Robertson J. C. MOHLER, - BoiSE, IDAHO, March 17, 1943. Bilbo Johnson, Calif. Scrugham Secretary. Senator E. D. SMITH, Brewster Johnson, Colo. Shipstead Senate Office Building, Bridges Kilgore Smith Brooks La Follette Taft COLUMBIA, S. C., March 16, 1943. Washington, D . C.: Buck Langer Thomas, Idaho Hon. E. D. SMITH, Believe impossible under existing condi­ Burton Lodge Thomas, Okla. Senate Office Building: tions to produce over 80 percent of last year's Bushfield Lucas Thomas, Utah Assuming normal weather general opinion food production. Farmers very discouraged, Byrd McCarran Tobey here is 1943 crop production will be approxi­ only encouragement.is .good work farm bloo Capper McClellan Tunnell is doing. Keep up the good work. Believe caraway McFarland Tydings mately 15 percent less than 1942. Clark, Idaho McNary Vandenberg J. ROY JONES, Government re.strictions having most ham­ Clark, Mo. Maloney VanNuys Commissioner of Agriculture. pering effect oh production. Farmers will Connally May bank Wagne1· do best possible if given a chance. Danaher Millikin Walsh SPRINGFIELD, ILL., March 16, 1943. HARVEY SCHWENDIVMAN, Davis Moore Wherry Hon. E. D. SMITH, Commissioner of Agriculture. Downey Murdock White Ellender Nye Wiley United States Senator: Ferguson O'Daniel Willis Federal and State statistician estimates OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLA., March 16, 1943, George O'Mahoney Wilson that under average conditions production of Senator E. D. SMITH, Gillette Overton food crops expected to be 2 percent less · Senate Committee on Ag1·iculture: .Gurney Pepper than 1942. Estimate beef and milk produc­ Estimated percentage production food crops in Oklahoma 1943 as follows: Wheat The PRESIDING OFFICER. Seventy­ tion about same as 1942. Poultry, eggs, and pork estimated 10 to 20 percent increase. 10 percent less, co!n 8 percent less, oats 12 five Senators have. answered to their RAY A. DILLINGER, percent more, barley 15 percent more, rye names. A quorum is present. Assistant Director, 10 percent more, peanuts 100 percent more. The question is on the amendment, as Illinois Department of Agriculture. soybeans 75 percent more, cowpeas 5 per­ modified, offered by the Senator from cent more, sweetpotatoes 15 percent more, West Virginia EMr. KILGORE] on behalf RICHMOND, VA., March 16, 1943. potatoes 35 percent more, peaches 20 percent less, and pears 10 percent less. of the Senator from Florida EMr. PEPPER] Hon. E. D. SMITH, Senate Committee on Agriculture: JOE C. SCOTT, to the amendment in the nature of a sub­ President, State Board of Agriculture. stitute of the Senator from Colorado Answering your wire will advise that I have previously estimated 15-percent de­ [Mr. JoHNSON] for the committee substi­ crease compared with 1942. Complete report RENO, NEV., March 16, 1943. tute. On that question the yeas and nays w1ll be out March 20. Han. E. D. SMITH, have been demanded. Is the demand L. M. WALKER, Jr., Senate Office Building: seconded? Commissioner of Agriculture No accurate information on Nevada crop The yeas and nays were ordered. and Immigration. production for 1943 as compared with 1942 available yet. Opinions obtained from vari­ Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, a few days ous sources estimate livestock production will ago I telegraphed the commissioners of CHARLESTON, W.VA., March 17, 1943. be about same with possibly reduction in agriculture in each of the 48 States and Senator E. D. SMITH, sheep. Dairy production will be consider­ Chairman, Senate Committee asked them what was their idea or what ably lower with field crops requiring much on Agriculture, W-ashington, D. C.: labor, as much as 25 percent lower. Assur­ were the facts as to the prospects of pro­ Your wire from best information farm duction in 1943 compared with 1942. ance that labor be made available at early , as production will be from 20 to 25 percent less date essential. I have about 30 replies. They are short, than 1942. Goal sign-up of farmers shows GEO. G. SCHWEIS, and I ask that they be printed in the about 15 percent less. Victory gardens will Director. RECORD. be substantially increased over 1942. Farm The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without labor conditions bad and getting worse. TALLAHASSEE, F:bA., March 16, 1943. Office of Price Administration regulations dis­ Hon. E. D. SMITH, objection, the telegrams will be printed courage farmers who could increase produc­ in the RECORD. United States Senate, tion and sell at home. Regards. Senate Committee on Agriculture: The telegrams are as follows: J. B. MCLAUGHLIN, Present prospects are that the decrease will SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH, March 15, 1943. Commissioner of Agriculture. be about 15 percent. Suggest that you wire Senator E. D. SMITH, H. A. Marks, Federal statistician, Orlando, for Senate Committee on Agriculture, HARTFORD, CoNN., March 16, 1943. further information. Senate Office Building, Senator E. D. SMITH, NATHAN :MAYO, washington, D. C.: Senate Committee on Agriculture: Commissioner of Agriculture. Estimate State average, all crops and live­ Preliminary intention figures for half the stock, down 5 to 15 percent. counties indicate slight increase in dairy PROVIDENCE, R. I., March 16, 1943. TRACY R. WELLING, cows with substantial increase in potatoe~ Senator E. D. SMITH, Commissioner of Agriculture, and poultry. Expect final War Board fig­ . Senate Committee on Agriculture: State of Utah. ures shortly. Increase 10 percent in poultry possible, de­ OLCOTT F. KING, crease in vegetables, which will be offset by SACRAMENTO, CALIF., March 16, 1943. Commissioner of Agriculture. victory garden production. Anticipate de­ Senator E. D. SMITH, crease in milk. There was an increase in Chairman, Committee on Sioux :!rALLS, S. DAK., March 16, 1943. 1942 over 1941. Picture not as bad as scare­ Agriculture, Senate Office Senator E. D. SMITH: mongers make it. Labor situation aerious. Building, Washington, D. C.: Your request to South Dakota Department Could upset entire farm program. Reurtel. 15t'h, I estimate California 1943 of Agriculture relative production food crops R. G. BRESSLER, • production crops and livestock · by volume 1943 compared with 1942 was referred to this Director of Agricuiture. 2126 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 17 MADISON, WIS., March 16, 1943. pect for additional shortage. Weather con... program for maximum mobilization of man­ &mator E. D. SMITH: ditions of course unknown but can hardly ex• power for the military forces and for mili­ Expected . food crop acreage in Wisconsin pect better weather than 1942. My opinion is tary and essential civilian production (re­ this year is between 1 and 2 percent higher prospect for 1943 crop to show reduction be­ ferred to in this act as the "program'j) .' The than last year. tween 25 and 50 percent from 1942 produc­ 'program shall take the form of a detailed w. H. EBLING, tion. schedule of military and essential civilian Statistician, State Department of ToM LINDER, production and specific quotas of manpower Agriculture. Commissioner of Agriculture. to be made availabl_e to the military forces and to particular categories of military and OLYMPIA, WASH., March 16, 1943. SALEM, OREG., March 15, 1943. civilian production. In prepl;lring the pro­ Senator E. D. SMITH: Senator E. D. SMITH, gram the committee shall take into account Doubtful if food production for State of Senate Committee on Agriculture, schedules of military and essential civilian :Washington will exceed 90 percent of 1942. Washington, D. C.: production furnished by the Chairman of the ARTHUR E. Cox, Your telegram of today referred to Robert War Production Board and the Food Admin­ Director of Agriculture. Taylor Corvallis, Oregon chairman of war istrator, according to appropriate jurisdiction, board, who has this matter in hand. statements of manpower requirements for J. D. MICKLE, the military forces furnished by the War and JACKSON, Miss., March 16, 1943. Director, Department of Agriculture. Navy Departments, and statements of man­ Senator E. D. SMITH: power requirements for military and essential Chairman, Committee on Agriculture, Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Mr. President, I civilian production furnished by the Chair­ Senate Building: wish to make a brief statement concern­ man of the War Manpower Commission and Retel. U. s. D. A. War Board farm survey ing the vote I am about to cast. I had determined by him in cooperation with the indicates food crop production in 1943 from intended to support the amendment of­ Chairman of the War Production Board and 95 to 135 percent of 1942 production. Same the Food Administrator. The quotas of man­ survey indicates 15 percent reduction farm fered by the Senator from West Virginia power to be made available to the military labor in 1943 below 1942. [Mr. KILGORE], but the Senator from forces as determined under the program shall s. I. CORLEY, Florida [Mr. PEPPER] has seen fit to supersede present quotas employed under Commissioner of Agriculture. modif~· his amendment and to eliminate the Selective Training and · Service Act of froin it the only sections which held out 1940. The schedules of military and essential AUSTIN, TEx., March 16, 1943. any hope of increasing the manpower on civilian production and the manpower quotas Bl.LISON D. SMITH, Chairman: the farms. That portion of the amend­ relating thereto determined under the pro­ Texas food crops wlll be 15 percent less ment having been eliminated, much as I gram shall be binding upon the War Produc­ in 1943 than produced in 1942. Seventy-five tion Board, the Food Administration, the favor bringing some order out of the War Manpower Commission, the Office of percent Texas farm area too dry to germinate chaos in the administration of man­ seed. Economic Stabilization, and other war agen­ J. E. McDoNALD, power, I cannot accept the residue of the cies in their determination and operations Commissioner of Agriculture, amendment as a substitute for the Bank­ relating to production and manpower. State of Texas. head bill, which, at least, will prevent SEc. 3. The Selective Training and Service any further military drain upon the Act of 1940, as amended, is further amended LITTLE ROCK, ARK., March 16, 1943. farms of the country. by adding at the end thereof the following: Senator E. D. SMITH, Mr. DANAHER: Mr. President, a par­ "Any provision of thiS" act to the contrary Senate Committee on Agriculture: liamentary inquiry. notwithstanding- Due to unsettled policy regarding farm The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ .. ( 1) whenever the Chairman of the War labor and farm machinery, fertilizer, and Manpower Commission deems it necessary in prices, impossible to estimate at present per­ ator will state it. order to meet the program determined in centage decrease in food crops 1943 compared Mr. DANAHER. As the pending sub­ accordance with section 2 of the Manpower with 1942. stitute may now be stated, it includes Mobilization Act that occupational defer­ . Mrs. LEE WHITE WALTERS, sections 1, 2, and 3 of the amendment ments be granted to persons engaged in mil­ Secretary, Arkansas Agricultural which the Senator from Florida has of­ itary or essential civilian production or in Industrial Commission. essential activity related thereto, he shall fered and had printed and lie on the make a finding, subject to review by the table? President, to this effect and such findings HELENA, MoNT., March 16, 1943. The PRESIDING OFFICER. With shall be conclusive upon all civilian local Senator E. D. SMITH, certain modifications, that is correct. boards and any other civilian agencies func­ Senate Committee on Agriculture, Mr. DANAHER. May the modifica­ tioning under this act. No other occupa­ Senate Office Building: tions be stated? tional deferments shall be granted under this According to present indications to plant The PRESIDING OFFICER. The act except upon such a finding by the Chair­ reports, production food crops the same for modifications will be stated. man of the War Manpower Commission; 1943 as for 1942, provided growing conditions "(2) for purposes of making an individual The CHIEF CLERK. On page~. line 18, the same. finding as to occupational deferment, the ALBERT H. KROUSE, after the word "finding", insert", subject Chairman of the War Manpower Commission Commissioner, Agriculture, to review by the 'President", and on page is empowered, subject to direction by the Labor, and Industry. 1, strike out, in lines 5, 6, and 7, the words President, to employ the officers or employees "under the chairmanship of a Director of the War Manpower Commission or of any AuGUSTA, MAINE, March 16, 1943. of War Mobilization to be appointed by otP,er Federal agency and to establish such Senator E. D. SMITH, the President destroyers nal contract was the amount the Navy Mr. AUSTIN. Mr. President, I have and there is a substantial sum of money Department had to pay, and the Depart- · before me an estimate of the additional recaptured, the money recaptured be­ ment had a credit for what it was to re­ mer who will be needed for the year comes available to the Navy Department ceive under renegotiation. Is not that 1943, that is, up to December 31, 1943, to build, if it has authority from the correct? and it shows that the Navy will need Committee on Appropriations, addi­ Mr. OVERTON. Yes. 180,000, the shipyards 712,500, the man­ tional destroyers, without going back for ufacturing plants 200,000, shore person­ an authorization from Congress. Mr. WALSH. In other words, the Navy charges itself not with the contract that nel 10,000, Maritime Commission 3,215, Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President, will War Shipping 782. Those will be addi­ the Senator yield further? it made and from which it has been enabled to have money returned to it tional men. Mr. WALSH. Certainly. Mr. WALSH. What was the second Mr. DANAHER. I have used the word through renegotiation, but the Navy · charges itself with the amount of the item? "recapture" with ref~rence to the re­ contract as originally drawn, with the Mr. AUSTIN. The second item was negotiation program when, to be tech­ for men in shipyards. nically accurate, I should have referred deductions which have come through re­ to amounts withheld under that program negotiation? Mr. WALSH. Is that for the Navy or which revert to the Navy for its sub­ Mr. OVERTON. That is correct. the Maritime Commission, or both? sequent use on additional projects or I think the Senator from Connecticut Mr. AUSTIN. I understand that the purposes for which the money was orig­ wanted to know how much has been re­ figure includes the Maritime Commis- inally authorized. So I will say to the captured. · · sion and the Navy. , Senator if, for example, the Navy were Mr. DANAHER. I should 'have said Mr. WALSH. Of course, there is a. to build miscellaneous structures, let us "withheld" rather than "recaptured,'' tremendous continuing expansion. in say, for which they estimated $33,- though I did use the word "recaptured." shipbuilding, as the Senator knows. 000,000, but, under the renegotiation Mr. OVERTON. The total saving in Mr. AUSTIN. In any event, I think provisions, they found they could build process now is $934,000,000. Of that the answer the Senator gave previously them for, let us say, $30,000,000, then amount $253,000,000 will be in the form covers the point. the 10 percent saved,_ or $3,000,000, of refunds-that is, cash paid back to the Mr. WALSH. In other words, the roughly, would still be available to the Government; $531,000,000 will be reduc­ provision is not altogether for new labor, Navy under the renegotiation sections tions in the price of goods and munitions it is for taking over the labor that has of the law for use for the building of already ordered, and $150,000,000 will be been employed on projects during the miscellaneous structures only. Is not voluntary reductions in the form of de­ past year. that so? creases in prices or reductions in profit by Mr. AUSTIN. It is estimated. that Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, will the contractor, making a total of there will be returned to unemployment the Senator yield? $934,000,000. at least a million men who were last Mr. DANAHER. May I have an an­ Mr. DANAHER. I thank the Senator. year engaged in construction work. swer first to the question? Mr. AUSTIN. Mr. President, I should Mr. WAL!3H. That surprises me. In Mr. WALSH. As I understand, the like to ask the chairman of the Commit­ other words, we have reached the peak money saved would remain in the pos­ tee on Naval Affairs a question. of new construction for military pur­ session of the Navy Department until the Mr. WALSH. I yield. poses? end of the fiscal year. At the end of the Mr. AUSTIN. We are now making Mr. AUSTIN. That is correct. fiscal year the Navy Department must special studies in the Military Affairs Mr. WALSH. And from now on there come before the Committee on Appro­ Committee relating to manpower, and I will be a gradual decline? priations and ask for new appropriations, should like to ask the Senator whether Mr.-AUSTIN. Yes. That is one item but the money which is available and not the activities represented by this authori­ which is often forgotten. I have heard contracted for or spent is taken into ac­ zation would involve the employment of much of discussion of the question of count by the Committee on Appropria­ men and women as ·civilians working for · manpower during the past 3 weeks, but tions in providing the new appropria­ the Navy in addition to the number who I had not previously heard ~h~t particu­ tions for the next fiscal year. have been estimated as necessary for the lar item alluded to. M;.r. DANAHER. Yet, under the re­ year 1943? Mr. WALSH. I have heard of reduc­ negotiation section any balances with­ Mr. WALSH. Somewhat, undoubt­ tions in the production of various kinds held from a previous contract could be edly; but the contracts which were made of ordnance because our production has used only for the purpose for which the a year ago are maturing all the time, been so rapid and so steady and so con­ money was originally appropriated. and the labor involved in carrying out stant . that we have reached the peak, Mr. WALSH. That is exactly my un­ those contracts becomes available for use and some of the industries which were derstanding. in performing contracts for the next engaged in supplementing our ordnance 1943 CONGRESSIONAL_REGORD-SENATE 2133

production are having their forces cur­ o:ffi~ers of all the Navy bureaus, who ex­ Mr. McNARY. What proportion of tailed and are closing down to a degree. plamed each item in detail, and gave the money authorized in the bill before Mr. AUSTIN. This does not relate to extended reasons as to the necessity_for the Senate is for shore facilities outside that; it relates to building projects, plant each item. the United States? facilities, and so forth. Mr. McNARY. I am advised that fol­ Mr. WALSH. Of the $1,256,000,000? · Mr. WALSH. Yes; that is, new indus­ lowing this bill another, in the hands of Mr. McNARY. Yes. trial plant facilities, expansion of indus­ the able Senator from Louisiana, will Mr. WALSH. I suppose the main and trial plants: follow, namely, an appropriation bill. I principal item of $720,000,000, for ad­ Mr. AUSTIN. Not entirely that. It am curious to k~ow whether the appro­ vance bases, will all be spent outside the includes installations for training, bar­ priation bill is to cover projects author­ United States. It will be used for bases racks for soldiers, and similar projects. ized in the bill now known as H. R. 1692. in Africa, the southern Pacific, and in Mr. WALSH. That is very interest­ Mr. WAISH. I am inclined to think Japan, when we get there. That is one ing and enlightening to me. I do not . that some of the items may be included of the largest items of all. I do not know think th~ public generally appreciates in the appropriation bill the Senator any of the other items that are outside that· we have ah·eady, to a certain degree from Louisiana will call up. I note in the continent of the United States. and in certain fields, reached the peak of the report given to us by the Navy De­ Mr. McNARY. That is the one large employment and are now coming to face partment that they intend to expend, item in the bill. the problem of unemployment. under this authorization, about $250,- 000,000 between now and the first of Mr. WALSH. Yes, it is; and the most Mr. AUSTIN. It is an interesting thing important. for me to remember that I have received July. The other billion dollars author­ letters from unions in the Senator's ized will be included in the appropriation Mr. McNARY. What is the amount of bill for the next fiscal year. The Senator money now unexpended and unobligated State, the State of Massachusetts, whose which might be used for this purpose? members were during the past year en- from Louisiana can better answer the . gaged in some type of construction work question as to whether any items covered Mr. WALSH. Mr. President, I took the such as pipe fitting, carpentry, and ma­ by the pending bill are included in the trouble to review the past financial state­ sonry, who are now idle and are won­ deficiency bill he is to present after this ments in regard to bills of this kind. The dering where they are to get jobs. They bill shall have been disposed of. Navy Department officials testified that Mr. OVERTON. The · appropriation contracts amounting to approximately need the guidance of a government which $250,000,000 will be made in the fiscal knows where the demand is for them so bill on the calendar carries an appropria­ that they may be intelligently placed, the tion of about $239,740,400. year 1943, and that the remainder wiU be Mr. WALSH. Authorized by the bill made in the next fiscal year. Of the right man bejng put in the right place. amount of money heretofore authorized Mr. WALSH. I appreciate the Sen­ we are now considering? Mr. OVERTON. Which will be au­ and appropriated for shore naval estab­ ator's contribution to the discussion. lishments all but $34,798,850 had been Mr. TUNNELL. Mr. President, will the thorized by the bill which the able Sena­ tor from Massachusetts has in charge. obligated, and the unobligated balance Senator yield? the Navy Department said would be ob­ Mr. WALSH. I yield. Mr. WALSH. The officials of the Navy Department testified before our commit­ ligated by April 1, 1943. The Senator Mr. TUNNELL. I was interested in will recall that I set forth an enumera­ the questions of the Senator from Con­ tee that all the money which they re­ ceived last year under the authorization tion of all the appropriations made since necticut a few minutes ago with refer­ we started on this program of expenses ence to renegotiation and withholding. for public works activities for the fiscal year ending July 1 would be exhausted in 1939. The total amount of authoriza­ I desired to inquire whether, in the me­ tions for shore establishments that is chanics of renegotiation or withholding, by July 1, and that some of the money .authorized in the bill before us, approxi­ aside from the building of nav~l vessel~ the two words are the same; or is the and aircraft, is $4,211,872,556 and to that renegotiation before the withholding, or mately $239,000,000, would be appropri­ ated this year. Is not that the fact? now will be added, if the pending bill be­ is the withholding before the renegotia­ comes law, $1,256,700,000. tion? Mr. OVERTON. It is my understand­ ing that the appropriation bill the Sen­ Mr. McNARY. Did the full committee Mr. WALSH. Renegotiation of con­ approve these items? tracts, as I understand, can take place ate will soon take up has only one rela­ at any time during the life of the con­ tion to the bill now under consideration Mr. WALSH. Yes; the full committee tract, or after the contract has been that is, a contract authorization, author~ approved thei}l. A representative of completed. If it is during the life of the ~zed by the pending bill, of $239,000,000, nearly every bureau of the Navy was contract, as I understand, the money m round figures. present and was examined. reverts to the Navy, or to the Army, if it Mr. McNARY. What is the amount Mr. McNARY. Have the hearings been .is an Army contract. If renegotiation of money authorized in the bill now printed? takes place after the contract is com­ before the Senate? Mr. WAL~H. They have been typed, pleted, the renegotiated money goes into Mr. WALSH. The amount is $1,256,- but not prmted, because much of the the Public Treasury. I inquire of the 607,000. The Navy asked for $1,500,- testimony is of a confidential, secret Senator from Louisiana if that is not his 000,000, which was cut down to the figure nature. understanding. I have mentioned. Mr. McNARY. Is it available to the Mr. OVERTON. That is correct. Mr. McNARY. When did we pass the Members of the Senate? Mr. TUNNELL. Then the amounts go last authorization bill, relating to the Mr. WALSH. Yes, except the testi­ direct into the PUblic Treasury? same items specified in the bill now be­ mony with reference to the advance Mr. WALSH. Yes. fore the Senate? bases. I will say to the Senator from The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ Mr. WALSH. I do not recall exactly, Oregon that the report of the committee pore. The clerk will state the amend­ but approximately last August or Sep­ is quite complete, and includes practi­ ment of the committee. tember. We did pass a bill, which per­ cally all the testimony and all the :fig­ The CmEF CLERK. On page 2, line 8, haps the Senator has in mind, on Febru­ ures presented to the committee, other after the word "passive... it is proposed ary 15, which became law on February than those related to the $720,000,000 for to strike out "defenses" and insert "de­ 19, authorizing appropriations for the advance bases. fense." United States Navy for additional ship Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the Mr. McNARY. Mr. President, I wish repair facilities and for other purposes. Senator yield? to address an inquiry to the able Senator The Senator will recall that that bill Mr. W ALSli. r' yield. from Massachusetts, in charge of the bill. contained an authorization for $210,- Mr. AIKEN. I should like to ask the This is an authorization bill. I assume 000,000, largely for the building of float­ Senator if he can tell us the amount of it was reported by the committee unani­ ing docks. That was the last bill, and naval appropriations which have been al­ -mously. was the only other bill of this nature. located to the lend-lease fund since the Mr. WALSH. The committee reported But that was not for shore facilities; it enactment of the lend-lease law about ·the bill unanimously, and in executive was for repair of ships, and for floating 2 years ago? If I remember correctly, ·session heard at great length the various dock facilities. _ recent reports of le.Qd-lease expenditures 2134 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 17 show that somewhat more than $50,000,- these appropriations, or material, equip­ requisitions," amounting in total to 000,000 have been unexpended, and it ment, or vessels which belonged to and $8,332,000,000. That figure is broken appears, as I recall, that between $40,- in which there was title on the part of down in the table. 000,000,000 and $50,000,000,000 have been the Army and Navy? Mr. WALSH. I wish to say to the allocated to lend-lease from Army and Mr. AIKEN. I think it must be money, Senator from Vermont that I think he Navy appropriations. I understand that because, as I said, the President's report has opened up a subject which should 1f it were not allocated, any excess ap­ for the quarter ending last fall-Septem­ engage the attention of the Senate, and propriations to the Army and Navy re­ ber or October-showed an unexpended I think it would be well if the Senator maining at the end of the fiscal year, or balance of $54,000,000,000 or $55,000,000,- could obtain more detailed information. the 2-year period, would go back into the 000 in the lend-lease fund, approximately Mr. AIKEN. We have tried to get the general fund, but when the funds are $45,000,000,000 of which had been allo­ information. We have sent for the lend­ once allocated they do not go back into cated to lend-lease from Army and Navy lease report of last fall. · the general fund. I wondered why it appropriations. I wondered why. Mr. WALSH. Does that report give a had been found necessary to allocate Mr. WALSH. We ought to have that break-down? such a huge sum to the lend-lease fund, information in detail, I will say. I can Mr. AIKEN. It gives the source of the where it can be expended by the Execu­ understand that if the British Army lend-lease funds, and, as I have said, I tive Office without much, if any, ac­ wanted large amounts of certain kinds think the direct appropriation by the counting to the Congress, and why the of munitions in the possession of our Congress has been $16,000,000,000 or authorities keep allocating so many bil­ own Army or Navy, through the lend­ $18,000,000,000, and I believe $45,000,- lion dollars to the lend-lease fund to be lease authorities they would be able to 0QO ,OOO has been allocated from Army spent by the Executive Office, and then get them. and Navy appropriations to lend-lease. keep coming back to Congress for more Mr. AIKEN. But I think that expend­ Mr. WALSH. Is it not better to say appropriations. I am sorry I do not have itures for that purpose, or any vessels "Army and Navy property," or "Army the lend-lease report with me, but I am turned over, would be included in the and Navy services," rather than "appro­ sure the Senator from Massachusetts amount expended rather than in the priations"? will recall that that matter was brought amount unexpended. Mr. AIKEN. As I recall, it is funds up once before in connection with an Mr. WALSH. I presume so. available. The total amounted to appropriation. Mr. AIKEN. And it has perplexed me. $62,000,000,000-I am speaking now from Mr. WALSH. I regret very much that Mr. WALSH. Does the Senator from memory-$62,000,000,000 at that time, of I cannot inform the Senator from Ver­ Louisiana [Mr. OVERTON], who is in which about $8,000,000,000 had been mont very much about diversions to charge of the supplemental Navy Depart­ spent, leaving a balance of $54,000,000,000 lend-lease of funds appropriated for the ment appropriation bill, have any infor­ unexpended. I think that is a matter Navy Department. Perhaps the Senator mation which he can furnish the Senator which the Senate should check. If the from Louisiana [Mr. OVERTON], the from Vermont on this subject? money appropriation is not actually al­ chairman of the subcommittee of the Mr. OVERTON. The question which located from the Army and Navy, then Committee on Appropriations having in the Senator from Vermont has pro­ we should know that this report does not charge the supplemental Navy Depart­ pounded to the Senator from Massachu­ mean what it says. ment appropriation bill, can give us some setts was asked in the course of the hear­ Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, will the information on that subject. I do not ings on the appropriation bill which will Senator yield? know of any diversion. be before the Senate. in a few minutes. Mr. WALSH. I yield. Mr. AIKEN. A statement about it We were unable to obtain the answers we Mr. TAFT. I notice that the report was contained in the report of the Presi­ wanted at the time, but a statement was states that the appropriation for advance· dent to the Congress on expenditures of subsequently furnished and printed in bases, which is more than half of the ap­ lend -lease funds. the hearings, which will be found on page propriation, involves work of a strictly Mr. WALSH. Does the Senator from 35 of the hearings on the supplemental confidential nature, the details of which Vermont recall what the items were" Navy Department appropriation bill for cannot, in the interest of national secu­ Mr. AIKEN. I think the September 1943. rity, be made public. I wonder if the dis­ report showed about fifty-five billion or Mr. WALSH. Is it a long statement? tinguished Senator can tell us the policy fifty-six billion dollars of unexpended Mr. OVERTON. It is rather long. I associated with the building of such funds in the lend-lease balance of which can give the totals. The total amount bases. Are they being built upon land approximately $45,000,000,000 had been in dollars of material and service trans­ owned by the United States, or held un­ allocated from Army and Navy appro­ ferred is $901,000,000. Of this, the total der long-term leases, or is the money to priations. on requisitions through the Office of be thrown away at the end of the war? Mr. WALSH. I have no knowledge of Lend-Lease Administration is $756,920,- Are the bases to be built on the property that. I can conceive of vessels and ma­ 000; on requisition direct to the Navy, of others? I should like to know if there terials of the Navy being diverted to $144,140,000. That is what I understand is any policy with regard to the expendi­ some· of our allies under the lend-lease would make the total of the lend-lease ture of the money. provisions of law, and I know in the bill payments or contributions by the Navy. Mr. WALSH. As I understand, the we passed in February we included an Mr. WALSH. Are those contributions bases are to be built ut such places, and amendment which the Senator will per­ in money or in materials in the posses- in such Territories or lands as the naval haps recall, providing that: sion of the Navy? · and military authorities believe to bees­ Hereafter any ship, boat, barge, or floating Mr. OVERTON. They represent ma­ sential for our military operations. drydock of the Navy may be leased ·in ac­ terial and service transferred. Mr. TAFT. I understand that. cordance with the act approved March 11, Mr. WALSH. That is what I assumed. Mr. WALSH. Some have already been 1941, but not otherwise disposed of, for And they do not represent any diversion built in the south Pacific. periods not beyond the termination of the present war, but title thereto shall remain of money appropriated? Mr. TAFI'. I wonder, however, if we in the United States. Mr. OVERTON. No, I think not; but are to receive a 90- or 100-year lease, material and service transferred. or fee title to the property, so that after Mr. AIKEN. If I remember correctly Mr. WALSH. Yes. the war is over we will still own it, and the total amount which has been made Mr. AIKEN. There would be no such if anyone else wants it he will at least available for lend-lea~e purposes is about · amount of diversion, however, as have to pay 1.4S for it, or whether the $62,000,000,000, of which some $16,000,- $50,000,000,000 or $60,000,000,000? bases are to be built on someone else's 000,000 or $18,000,000,000 has been di­ Mr. WALSH. I did not mean by my property and will automatically revert to rectly appropriated by the Congress for last question to refer to the matter con­ the owner at the end of the war. that purpose, and the remainder allo­ cerning which the Senator from Vermont M:·. WALSH. Some bases have already cated from Army and Navy appropria­ spoke. been built and abandoned when the op­ tions. Mr. OVERTON. In the table to which eration was finished. I understand most Mr. WALSH. Does the Senator mean I just referred there is another column of these bases will be of a temporary the money itself was allocated from under the heading "Approved foreign nature. After we got possession of l943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2135 Guadalcanal there was no need for a notice, to ask for a vote . on a $5,000,- reach of Congress. I have been unable number of bases which were necessary 000,000 bill. I confess I do not know to get a copy of the report of September during the operation. As I understand, anything about it. I think Senators are 1942, which has those figures, which I tt is a continually moving activity. I entitled to be given time enough to ex­ cannot recall. I have the report of" am not at liberty to state what I under­ amine into the question, regardless of March 11 of this year, which shows that stand may be the naval strategy for the what the Army and Navy want to have direct lend-lease appropriations have Pacific Ocean during the next year. done. We should know whether we have been $18,410,000,000. Transfers author­ However, I believe that every Senator $5,000,000,000 or not. ized from other appropriations-princi­ can appreciate that the operations will Mr. WALSH. The Senator from Ver­ pally the War Department-are $35,970,- be new. They will be undertaken from mont has not raised the question for the 000,000. Of that amount, $3,000,000,000 place to place, from possession to posses­ purpose of opposing the bill. He 1s seek­ is from the second supplemental Navy sion. The moment the authorities begin ing information as to what the Navy is Department appropriation. Eight hun­ a military operation they have to have surrendering to lend-lease authorities, dred million dollars is from departments bases. I do not know that I can say and what the Army is surrendering to other than the War Department. There more. lend-lease authorities. It is a very ap­ is evidently $35,970,000,000 for cash ex­ Mr. TAFT. If there is to be any sal­ propriate inquiry, but I do not think it penditures, because below that item ap­ vage value at the end of the war, the should prevent action on a bill on which pears another list with the value of ships United States should be entitled to it. a committee of the Senate, dealing with which may be leased from the Maritime These bases are not in effect lend-lease all the questions concerning it, have Commission. The amount is about $5,- bases for someone else. As I under­ unanimously reported. Every dollar 000,000,000. Then it says: stand, they are built by the United which is to be spent 1s set forth in the Navy Department, Naval Appropriation Act, States Navy and owned by the United report, except in connection with ad­ 1942 (no limitation as .to amount). States Government. vance bases. Mr. WALSH. I presume that when Mr. LUCAS. Will the Senator yield? It appears that $35,970,000,000 was Mr. WALSH. I yield. transferred from these appropriations to the time comes to make peace, due con­ the lend-lease account. If that be so, it sideration will be given to the fact that Mr. LUCAS. I am a member of the seems to me to be a tremendous amount we have bases on foreign soil which have Naval Affairs Committee. If we should to put out of ·the reach of Congress. been used fol" military purposes. Either give out complete information as to what Mr. WALSH. Does the Senator un­ the country to which they revert will is to happen with respect to advance derstand that the lend-lease authority compensate us for them, or we will hold bases we would give all the military and can demand or request anything from them if it is necessary in our plan for naval information which the Axis Powers the Army or NavY Departments that it world peace. are seeking. sees fit, and the Departments have the Mr. TAFT. It seems to me that in Mr. WALSH. We would declare and authority to grant it in carrying on the building bases we should take a little disclose today our strategy for next year, war? extra care to obtain at least 99-year and to the end of the war. Mr. AIKEN. That seems to be pro­ leases, such as we have in connec­ Mr. LUCAS. That is correct, and that vided for. tion with our bases in the West Indies, is the very reason why it should not be Mr. WALSH. The items in the list or some protection which would make done. There are many military secrets represent American money that has been of them a permanent possession of the which the Senate of the United States expended for the purpo~e of complyin~ United States. cannot know; and if the Senate is to with the requests of the lend-lease au­ Mr. WALSH. . I believe the observa­ know what the strategy of the war is to thorities. tions of the Senator from Ohio are be, the Axis Powers will also know our Mr. AIKEN. I repeat that I am not timely. military and naval strategy, questioning the necessity for the appro­ Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, will the Mr. WALSH. That is true. I sympa­ priation. Senator yield? thize with the Senator. It is a large bill. Mr. WALSH. I understand that. Mr. WALSH. I .yield. It is painful to me to go into the pockets However, I think the Senator must first Mr. LANGER. I am very much in­ of American people for several billion of all understand what the lend-lease terested in the question propounded by dollars. It is part and parcel of the war authority is. The Lend-Lease Adminis­ the junior Senator from Vermont [Mr. effort, and we cannot hinder it. We tration has authority to go to a depart­ AIKENJ. I do not in any way wish to must give and sacrifice to obtain victory. ment of the Government and ask for hamper the war effort, but is there any Our armed forces are increasing every what it wants, and if our authorities de­ objection to the pending bill going over day. We must have places to build hos­ cide they are entitled to it they give it to for 3 or 4 days so that we can investi­ pitals, storage facilities, water supply them. Is there an:;- doubt about that? gate it in connection with the lend-lease systems, sewerage systems, and so forth. I am sure there can be no doubt about it. program? The Senate committee, composed of Mr. AIKEN. If we are spending for Mr. WALSH. I would have to object Democrats and Republicans, serious con­ lend-lease at the rate of eight or nine bil'!' to that. The Navy Department has been scientious Members of this body 'have lion dollars a year, then the appropria-· pressing me very strenuously for action given time to the matter and belie~e that tions to that department are sufficient to upon the bill~ It should be acted upon the appropriation is necessary for our last for several years. I was merely before any appropriation bill is taken up war effort, and , have recommended its questioning the wisdom of making appro­ for consideration. I have received tele­ consideration at this time. priations so far ahead. I repeat that I phone messages nearly every day for a Mr. LANGER. I realize that, but I am not questioning the necessity for the week, since the bill has been pending. I am interested in the question of the Sen­ passage of the bill, but I thought it would have almost reached the conclusion that ator from Vermont. be a good time to get information if when Army and Navy bills are reached Mr. WALSH. Suppose we were given possible. we should suspend all other bills and all this lend-lease information. What Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, will the take them up without delay. would it have to do with the pending Senator yield? However, the lend-lease law is some­ bill? I do not know how much has been Mr. WALSH. I yield. thing that we cannot change. Already given away under that law by the Army Mr. LUCAS. I desire to make one ob­ there is authority to give materials and and the Navy. However, I know it has servation with respect to the question service by the United States Navy if our nothing to do with this bill. raised by the Senator from Ohio a mo­ al11es deem it necessary. Our allies are Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, I do not ment ago 1n connection with advance fighting the war with us. If our allies, question the necessity of the bill. bases. or board of strategy conducting the war, Mr. WALSH. I appreciate the Sen- I can understand that perhaps tn cer­ desire to take a part of our Navy, they ator's statement. · · tain areas it might be advisable and per­ can do so. I hope the Senator will not Mr. AIKEN. However, I was desirous haps time would be sufficient in which Insist upon his request. · of finding out how. much has been al­ to do what the Senator has suggested. Mr. LANGER. I do not believe ·it :Is located from previous appropriations to However, I cite the cases of Guadalcanal fair to the Senate, with only a few days' lend-lease where they are out of the ancl Henderson Field. If we are to be 2136 CONGRESSIONA-L RECORD-SENATE MARCH 17 re~uired to negotiate ·for 30 or 60 days built there; and what we got for them did I do not say that by way of any criti­ fo1· an advance base, we might as well not amount to 2 cents, as compared to cism at all, Mr. President; I merely feel forget about building any type of defense what we had spent on them. that way deep down in my heart, because in the Pacific Ocean. When we appropriate $720,000,000, I I honestly believe that America still is Mr. WALSH. The sites for advance think the policy should be to see that our in danger, that the war is going to be a bases are frequently taken by force. Our investment is adequately protected, so far long, long one, and that in the final an­ forces are going to -invade those coun­ as it-can be, so that its value or salvage alysis practically all the· resources, all the tries and lands and establish bases value, if there is any after the war is over, patriotism, and all the wealth of America against the opposition of the enemy and will be returned to the American people. must be expended if we are to win the in the face of their fire. Mr. WALSH. Mr. President, the struggle in which we are at present en­ Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, the Sen­ junior Senator from Louisiana reminds gaged. ator is absolutely correct; and it seems me-and I want this matter presented Mr. WALSH. Mr. President, I appre­ to me to be foolish to talk about negotiat­ for the information of the Senator from ciate the force of the observation made ing with some country with respect to Illinois and also that of the Senator from by .the Senator from Illinois. There is advance bases when we are in this world Ohio-that most of the advance bases not much more to say, except that, while catastrophe, when the world is on fire, will be of a temporary nature, and after we all agree with the sentiments ex­ and we are in the center of the conflagra­ the job of taking care of the military pressed by the very able Senator from tion. Perhaps there may be some ·bases activities is finished, they will be aban­ Dlinois, and who of course is a very away from an active zone of fighting as doned. Does the Senator recall that tes­ valuable member of the Committee on to which the situation might demand or timony-that they are not to be of a Naval Affairs, I think that many of the !require negotiations or something of the permanent character? questions which have been asked-and kind referred to; but certainly in the Mr. LUCAS. I think the Senator is I welcome them, and I am glad to have Pacific Ocean-and I do not know where correct in that respect. had them presented-indicate that, al­ all the advance bases are going to be-- In answer to the Senator from Ohio, though we are all heart and soul .striv­ Mr. WALSH. If we told where they are let me say that I do not altogether dis­ ing to win the war, we must not overlook going to be we would be disclosing the agree with the premise on which he has the duty which rests upon us not to whole strategy_of the war. proceeded . but I do say with all the make it cost any more than necessary; Mr. LUCAS. That is correct. We seriousness which I possess., that we are and to be cautious and careful in seeing know that a number of them are in the in a war in which our liberties and all we that whatever rights the American peo­ Pacific Ocean. Ultimately we must take have or ever expect to have are threat­ ple possess shall be preserved, protected, the offensive, in fact, we are now on the ened by aggressor nations. Of course and defended. offensive. Every time we make a move there are times when in the Senate we Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, will the toward Japan we must establish an ad­ quibble about perhaps a small :rt:1atter Senator yield? vance base; indeed, we must do so before­ that will not mean very much one way The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. hand, as the Senator from Massachusetts or the other in th_e final analysis; but MAYBANK in the chair). Does the Sen­ has so well stated. • Before we go into what we are attempting t.o do, and the ator from Massachusetts yield to the a place and take it and e·stablish a base, one real objective toward which all of Senator from Dlinois? we do not have time to talk about ne­ us should look-and l know that all Mr. WALSH. I yield. gotiating with someone. Members of the Senate do so-is the win­ Mr. LUCAS. I do not disagree with Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, if the Sen­ ning of the war. The.question of 99-year the Senator on that premise at all. ator will yield, let me say that of course leases, which I have constantly heard Mr. ·wALSH. I know the Senator what the Senator from Illinois has said mentioned on the floor of the Senate, will does net. - . is perfectly. true with respect to some not mean anything 99 years or even 6 Mr. LUCAS. As I recall: the commit-­ types of bases; but we are to spend years from now unless we are absolutely tee cut dowri the original request ap­ $720,000,000 for advance bases. Under successful and victorious in the great proximately $250,000,000. that program there probably will be some struggle in which we are all at present Mr. WALSH . . Yes; the House com­ bases costing $100,000,000. Certainly, if engaged. mittee-did. we are going to make contracts to spend I am not one who is going to quibble Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President, will $100,000,000 for a base in Ceylon for an much about attempting to negotiate the Senator yield? operation against Burma, we can spend leases with other governments in con­ Mr. WALSH. ! ·yield. a little extra time in obtaining a lease or nection with tht:: spending of $720,000,000 Mr. DANAHER. A few minutes ago conveyance of the property on which we on advance bases. the Senator from Massachusetts picked are going to spend the $100,000,000. We "Advance bases" means exactly what up a bill which the Congress passed in did not spend $100,000,000· in the course the words imply. They are not bases February of this year and read the sec­ of a naval offensive on Guadalcanal, for back of the fighting line; they are ad­ tion which appeared at the close of the instance. I do not suppose the total ex­ vance bases. When our forces are ad­ measure. As I recall the section, it could penditures there amount to $5,000,000. vancing they do not take much time to be paraphrased to read that, under the But when we make expenditures of this confer with our allies as to whether or terms of the language, the lend-lease character it seems to me that we may not we are going to have some sort of a law and any other law on the statute well take the trouble to see that what we vested right in the particular $30,000,000 books notwithstanding, we would be au­ build is permanently protected under our or $50,000,000 we are spending in order thorized to transfer naval vessels to any ownership. to build a base in a proper spot from Allied power-or words to that effect. If I remember· correctly, I think the which to overtake the enemy. Overtak­ Is that correct? distinguished senior Senator from Mas­ ing the enemy at that particular point, Mr. WALSH. Yes. The bill dealt with sachusetts referred to Africa when he just as we did at Guadalcanal, at the the construction of floating drydocks. first spoke of the bases. If we were going proper time and proper moment may Mr. DANAHER. Yes. to establish a naval base in French North save the lives of thousands upon thou­ Mr. WALSH. That is a new departure Africa-not a base of the kind that is sands of American boys, and ultimately for the Navy. We have a few floating built when forces are on the offensive, may save the liberty of the American drydocks already built, but we are going but, for instance, a base at a place like people. . . to build a great many more of them. Casablanca-! think that any conserva­ Mr. President, sometimes I think that They accompany the fieet. They will go tive businessman would see to it that he the war is so far away from the Ameri­ into the harbors; and when injury or was building the base on our property or can people that I wonder, when I listen damage occurs to a naval vessel, the ves­ on property we had leased. to arguments on street corners and argu­ sel will be put in one of the floating docks, I assume that is the policy, as a matter ments in the corridors of the Senate and and will be repaired right there. We of fact. Certainly it seems to me it the House, whether the . Senate itself, shall build some of them for our allies. should be the policy, if it is. not. After and, sometimes, the Congress itself does It was feared that if a provision of this the last war we had considera'!Jle diffi­ not talk too much and too long about kind were not included, title would pass. culty in France when we came to try to the little details, and not enough about So the language of the amendment to re2.lize on some of the things we had the really big things that are involved. which the s·enator has referred guaran- 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2137 tees that after the war is over there will · There being no objection, the article ·correspondence to which Mr. Tucker had not be any passing of title to the floating was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, referred, particularly the reply which drydocks which may be harbored in ports as follows: had been sent by Lord Lothian. He all over the world. · Fighters: A noted New York reporter was loaned them to me, to the end that I Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President, will the author of the arrangement whereby we might cause them to be photostated, and the Senator yield further? gave Great Britain 50 destroyers in return I hold in my hand a photostat of the Mr. WALSH. I am glad to yield. .for bases in the Atlantic littoral. His name original carbon copy of a letter dated is Arthur D. Howden Smith. He worked May 2, 1940, from Mr. Arthur D. Howden Mr. DANAHER. In 1917 a law was beside the writer 20 years ago on the old, passed providing that no warship could internationalistic New York Evening Post, "Smith to Lord Lothian, and a photostat be outfitted in this country and turned which was then owned and controlled by of the original reply, dated May 17, 1940, over to any belligerent nation. So far Thomas W. Lamont, of J.P. Morgan & Co. from Lord Lothian to Mr. Smith. I shall as I know, that law is still on the statute The famous transaction was not consum­ read them for the information of the books. It was in no way involved in the mated until September 3, 1940. But the Senate, and for their historical interest. section in the February 1943 measure to following p:r;ivate correspondence discloses The letter from Mr. Smith is as follows: which the Senator has referred; is that that the deal was in the making months HOLLYWOOD, CALIF., May 2, 1940. correct?· before that date. Behind-the-scenes facts His Excellency the Right are quite illuminating, despite Pearl Harbor. Honorable the MARQUIS OF LOTHIAN, Mr. WALSH. No, not at all. The On May 2, 1940, Mr. Smith sent this message Senator refers to our disposition of naval The British Embassy, Washington, D. C. to his old friend, Lord Lothian, then British MY DEAR LoRD LoTmAN: I had the pleasure vessels when we were neutral, or were Ambassador to Washington and formerly of knowing you as Philip Kerr many years supposed to be neutral; is that correct? Lloyd George's secretary: ago when I was associated with the late Colo­ Mr. DANAHER. Yes. "I had the pleasure of knowing you as nel House, whose final biography I shall Mr. WALSH. That has nothing to do Philip Kerr many years ago when I was asso­ publish in September I1 you chance upon ciated with the late Colonel House, whose it, you will find it a startlingly accurate fore­ with the matter at all. The amendment final biography I shall publish in September. to which I referred was proposed in cast of what is happening. It should be of If you chance upon it, you will find it a service to the Allied cause. But that is not order to take particular care and caution startling, accurate forecast of what is hap­ ·really the occasion of this letter. that as to our floating drydocks which pening. It should be of service to the Allied It has occurred to me that the Admiralty will be located in the waters of all the cause. But that is not really the occasion will have increasing need for escort vessels seas, and in harbors everywhere, if they of this letter. as warfare spreads. Our Navy has a large are used by our allies-and they can be "It occurs to me that the Admiralty wm reserve of wartime destroyers, somewhere be­ have increasing need for escort vessels as tween 100 and 150. They are serviceable ves­ used by them, of course, and should be warfare spreads. Our Navy has a large re­ used by them-the title will not pass sels, and have been adequately maintained. serve of wartime destroyers, somewhere be­ Forty or fifty were reconditioned for use in from the Navy. That is the purpose. tween 100 and 150. They are serviceable the neutrality patrol last fall. Am I taking Mr. DANAHER. I thank the Senator. vessels and they have been adequately main­ an undue liberty, as a private citizen, if I Mr. WALSH. Mr. President, I think tained. Forty or fifty were reconditioned for suggest that it might be possible for the Ad­ we should have a vote on the pending bill use in the neutrality patrol last fall. miralty to purchase a number of these vessels "Am I taking an undue liberty, as a private for convoy service? I see no difference be­ now. citizen, if I suggest that it might be possible Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President, relat­ tween such a demonstration of "benevolent for the Admiralty to purchase a number of ·neutrality" by the administration and the ing what I am about to say to the re­ these vessels for convoy service? I see no waiving of warplane.. contracts in the Allies' marks with which the Senator from Mas­ difference between such a demonstration of favor. sachusetts ciosed his presentation of the 'benevolent neutrality• by the administration With assurances of deep respect and friend· bill, I should like to say that a few days and thf! waiving of warplane contracts in the ship, I am, dear Lord Lothian, ago I found in the New London Evening Allies' favor." Sincerely yours, The envoy's reply to Arthur's suggestion is ARTHUR D. HOWDEN SMITH. Day a column written by Mr. Ray Tucker, significant. He admits that London could a noted Washington correspondent use a few sub sinkers, but notes that the sale Mr. NYE. What is the date of that whose articles are syndicated under the or swap would be somewhat illegal. His com­ letter? title "News Behind the News-Washing­ munication is dated May 17, 1940 (Mr. Hull Mr. DANAHER. The date of that let­ ton and National Activities in Govern­ did not publicize the proceedings until Sep­ ter is May 2, 1940. The reply is dated ment and Politics." tember 3 of that year). May 17, 1940, and reads: In this particular article he made ref­ "My DEAR ARTHUR HoWDEN SMITH: Thank you for your kind letter of May 2. I well re­ BRITISH EMBASSY, erence to a letter which had been written member our previous meetings. I would Washington, D. C., May 17, 1940. by a friend of his whom he had not seen dearly like, if I have the leisure, to read in MY DEAR MR. HOWDEN SMITH-- for many years. The friend was Mr. September your biography of that wise man, Arthur D. Howden Smith. Mr. Smith Colonel House. Mr. WALSH. Mr. President, will the may be known to a good many here as "As to your suggestion about the destroyers, Senator yield? the author of the volume Mr. House of it is an interesting one, and I am passing it Mr. DANAHER. I yield. Texas. As collaborator with Colonel on to our naval people. Mr. WALSH. Did Mr. Smith have House during the World War in many of "But you will no doubt realize that inter­ any authority or any connection with his ventures, and as a member of the national law forbids a neutral government to the Navy at that time? sell warships to a belligerent. American air· Mr. DANAHER. So far as I know staff of the New York Evening Post from planes-this was before the fall of France 1905 to 1918, Mr. Smith had had many (editor's note)-are, of course, being sold to Mr. Smith haQ. no connection with the opportunities to meet the world's great the French and British Governments by pri­ United States Navy then, nor since. As and near great. · vate and not by governmental firms. he himself said, he was writing simply It developed, from Mr. Tucker's article, "Thank you for your suggestion, and with as a private citizen who was deeply inter­ that Smith had at one time been a kindest regards. ested in the success of the Allied cause. very close acquaintance of a gentleman "LOTHIAN." Mr. WALSH. He apparently had some named Philip Kerr, who is better known Before his late lordship died, the Lend­ knowledge about the number of destroy­ Lease Act was passed. So he got his de­ ers, and the condition of our Navy. to us as Lord Lothian. Further, Mr. stroyers, his planes, food, and also American Tucker wrote, under date of May 2, 1940: Mr. DANAHER. I gather, let me say buck privates. It ts not generally known, to the Senator from Massachusetts, that Mr. Smith had addressed a communication but there are almost as many Yankee fighters to Lord Lothian. in empire territory as there are Britishers. he had substantially accurate informa­ tion not only as to the number of de­ I was so interested in what Mr. Tucker Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President, I com­ stroyers available, but of the fact that had described as the events which fol­ municated with Mr. Tucker to ascertain 40 or 50 had been reconditioned for use lowed that particular letter that I am where Mr. Smith was at the present time, in the neutrality patrol the previous fall. going to ask unanimous consent from and discovered that he is right here in In any event, the reply follows: the Senate that Mr. Tucker's entire piece Washington, as a member of the public­ MY DEAR MR. HOWDEN SMITH: Thank yoU be printed in the RECORD at this point. relations section of the American Red for your kind letter of May 2. I well remem­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Cross. I went down to see him and asked ber our previous meetings. I would dearly objection? whether by any chance he st111 had the like, if I have the leisure, to read in September 2138 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 17 your bibgraphy of that wise man, Colonel Mr. DANAHER. I figure that to -be Mr. HOLMAN. Mr. President, will the House. about 4 months. Senator yield? As to your suggestion about the destroyers, Mr. WALSH. I should like to state as Mr. LODGE. I yield. tt is an interesting one and I am .passing it I Mr. HOLMAN. This is, in part, what on to our naval people. But you will no a matter of record that personally pro­ doubt realize that international law forbids tested ·the transfer of our destroyers I entered· in the· RECORD earlier ~n the a neutral government to sell warships to a at the time. It seemed to me at the week from Oregon editors. In other belligerent. The American airplanes are, of time to be a real breach of neutrality. words, from coast to coast and from Can­ .course, being sold to the French and British Mr. DANAHER. I thank the Senator. ada to Mexico this material is going out Governments by private and not by govern­ Mr. TOBEY. Mr. President, will the by the millions of copies. mental firms. Senator yield? Mr. LODGE. Exactly, and I think it is Thanking you for your suggestion and with high time that expenditures of this kind kindest regards. Mr. DANAHER. I yield. Yours, Mr. TOBEY. The conveyance of the were stopped. LOTHIAN. destroyers was made by the Executive, Here is a two-page release about frozen was it not, based on an opini.on delivered steel. Here is a two-page release about That was addressed to Mr. Arthur D. by a very obliglng Attorney General? Is suburbanites who are rushing to buy Howden Smith, 7523 Lexington Avenue, that not correct? seeds. Here is another two-page release, Hollywood, Calif. Mr. DANAHER. I have no knowledge and another about how glycerine is re­ After Mr. Howden Smith had permitted on that point, I may say to the Senator covered from waste fat and made into me to borrow the correspondence thus from New Hampshire. I know that there war material. That is a very important recited, and I had the photostats made, was a statute on the books in 1917, and subject but obviously one which the edi­ Mr. Smith was kind enough to autograph it is still there, which forbade the trans­ tor did not think worth publishing. my photostat for me with this memento: fer by the United States, while neutral, Here is one about P. D. 1-A certificates. Having long been acquainted with Lord of warships to any belligerent power. Here is another about using fats and Lothian and being greatly interested in the Mr. WALSH. Mr. President, I ask that greases to make glycerine. Apparently success of allied arms, I wrote to the British they wanted to be sure that one arrived. Ambassador a letter dated May 2, 1940, re­ action be ta.ken on the bill at this time. taining a carbon copy. From the British The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Here is one from the United Nations In­ Embassy came Lord Lothian's reply under amendment of the committee will be formation Office, which includes infor­ date of May 17, 1940, the original of which stated. mation not only for the United Nations I still possess. Above is a photostat of the The CHIEF CLERK. On page 2, line 8, but also for the Government of the original carbon copy of my letter and the after the word "passive," it is proposed United States. It is very lengthy, and ap­ original of Lord Lothian's reply, now pre­ to strike out "defenses" and insert "de­ parently none of this was used at all, al­ sented to Senator John A. Danaher with my .fense." though it is five pages in length, printed best wishes. on both sides. ARTHUR D. HOWDEN SMITH. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to the committee Mr. President, I mention these things Mr. President, I thought that some of amendment. merely to call attention to the fact that my colleagues, and particularly the Sen­ The amendment was agreed to. apparently the need for careful expendi­ ator from Massachusetts, in the light of ture of public funds has not yet reached the discussion which developed this af­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The those whom it should reach, and I desire ternoon, would be interested in this his­ bill is still open to amendment. If there to express the hope that this concrete torical recollection thus prompted by Mr. be no further amendments, the question illustration of Government waste will re­ Smith's correspondence with Lord is on the engrossment of the amendment sult in prompt cooperative action. I do Lothian. and the third reading of the bill. not wish to be a scold; I know that those The amendment was ordered to be en­ who are working downtown are patriotic, Mr. WALSH. The Senator has not grossed and the bill to be read a third completed his narrative, has he? Did the time. · ·well-meaning people, and I appeal to letter from the British Embassy end the their common sense and to their love of negotiations for our destroyers while we The bill H. R. 1692 was read the third country to put their house in order. were neutral? time and passed. Mr. WILLIS. Mr. President, will the Mr. DANAHER. It is my recollection SHORTAGE OF NEWSPRINT Senator yield? · that the files of the New York Times and Mr. LODGE. Mr. President, in com­ Mr.· LODGE. I yield. other newspapers will reveal that start­ mon with other Members of the Senate, Mr. WILLIS. Does the Senator intend ing within a week or 10 days thereafter, I have been interesting myself in the to have those publications inserted in the there were hints of the impending · pos­ question of the shortage of newsprint, RECORD? sibility of the United States making such and have just today received a letter Mr. LODGE. They would take up a a transfer as that of 50 destroyers to from the editor of the Springfield Daily great deal of space in the RECORD which I Great Britain, and it is my recollection News, of Springfield, Mass. The letter think might be wasted. that during the summer and into the reads as follows: Mr. WILLIS. Does the Senator think early fall the matter was bruited about that if they are of interest to the people DEAR SIR: Concerning your recent letter here on the floor of the Senate and else­ asking for suggestions as to what might be of the country they would not be of in­ where. Ultimately the situation culmi­ done to improve the newsprint situation, I terest to the Members of Congress? nated in an opinion written by the At­ am enclosing a small part of one day's batch Mr. LODGE. It would waste · much torney General, in which, as I recall, the of Government propaganda that comes in our newsprint, I will say to the Senator from Attorney General directed, or at least mail. None of it, as you will see, is worth Indiana, to print all this material in the suggested with mighty cogency, that Ad­ anything from a newspaper's viewpoint. It RECORD. miral Stark certify that the 50 destroyers is junk, and a shameful waste of paper. Mr. WILLIS. If the newspapers of the might be termed "over-age," and there­ Very truly yours, country are asked to publish it, should fore be subject to disposal, and there­ THE SPRINGFIELD DAILY NEWS, RUSSELL J. COLLINS. not the Government set an example by after a transfer was effectuated. I think putting it into the RECORD? I agree with that, roughly, is a sequential summary Mr. President, Mr. Collins enclosed in the Senator, it would be entirely useless of events. the envelope the batch of publications to put it into the RECORD, but by the same Mr. WALSH. If the Senator knows, which I hold in my hand, which repre­ token I think it is unreasonable to expect what was the date when the destroyers sents just 1 day's output from the Gov- the newspapers of the country to expend, were turned over? . ernment bureaus of things which the out of any of their now greatly depleted Mr. DANAHER. I would say in Sep­ newspapers do not use. It may be that private funds, amounts reqUired to pub­ tember of 1940, approximately the 25th much of this material seems important lish material which is of no more value or the 26th, but I am speaking from to those who write it, and it may have a to their readers than it is to Members recollection. . great deal of intrinsic value to certain in­ · of the Congress. Mr. WALSH. How long was it after . dividuals, but the fact of the matter is Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, in connec­ -the British Ambassador said there was that the newspaper editors for whom it -tion with the matter referred to by the no authority under international law for was issued have not been able to find any distinguished Senator from Massachu­ malting such a transfer? use for it. setts, I call the attention of the Senate 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2139 to an article from the Times-Herald of number of officers is 27,321 over the num­ of a few items in some other deficiency this morning, in which it is stated: ber heretofore appropriated for. bill . . The Office of War Information Is now pre­ The appropriation under "Naval Re­ Mr. McNARY. What is the amount paring a series of publications to "guide.. serves" of $48,000,000 is primarily for of funds now unobligated and unex­ the thinkiJ;lg of the people of this country on training expenses in connection with pended which have heretofore been international post-war problems, it was dis­ aviation cadets, and with the WAVES, passed by the House? dosed yesterday. and with the college training program~ Mr. OVERTON. The amount of funds Plans for the next two publications call for for midshipmen training, and advanced unobligated and unexpended on Decem­ an initial run of 350,000 copies apiece. Pro­ posal for a Free World will be released March course of aviation training, such as pre­ ber 31, 1942, are between $15,000,000,000 28, and The Peace by Which We Fight shortly flight, primary, and intermediate. and $16,000,000,000. By the end of this thereafter, the Office of War Information The funds under the maintenance ap­ fiscal year according to the testimony official said. propriation of the Bureau of Ships, given before the Appropriations Commit­ which are $737,000,000, are for mainte­ tee we will have a billion and a half un­ If that is anything, it is domestic nance requirements, and in part for in­ obligated and a cash carry-over of $14,- propaganda, to cover a particular point creased cost of some items, for purchase 300,000,000. My recollection is $15,800,- of view which the Government is at­ of material, for the repairs of ships, im­ 000,000 in round figures, of which $1,500,- tempting to spread among the people. It provement of the fighting efficiency of 000,000 will be unobligated and the re­ seems to me that in the first place it is vessels of the fleet, and additional com­ mainder will be cash on hand and unex­ far removed from any policy the Govern- . missionings of vessels. pended. ment should be following, and, in the In the case of ordnance and ordnance Mr. McNARY. Then the Senator an­ second place, printing these things is a stores, about one-third of the estimate is swers that there is about $16,000,000,000 serious waste of paper and nianpow~r, be­ for ammunition and equipment for the now unobligated, which has heretofore cause I very much doubt whether these· Marine Corps. The bulk of the re­ been appropriated by the Congress for documents which are sent out, without mainder is for antiaircraft artillery and the use of t:pe NavY Department? any demand, without any request, will. machine guns, flre control, and radar Mr. OVE1Jt,TON. That is correct. really be of use, or be read in the manner equipment, spare breech and barrel Mr. McNARY. Is that enough of a In which the people read their own news­ mechanism, nets, mines, depth charges, backlog, or does the Senator desire to papers. torpedoes, and similar items which are add the amount provided in the bill now SUPPLEMENTAL NAVAL APPROPRIATIONS required to carry on the war. before the Senate? The sums under "Public Works" and Mr. OVERTON. It is necessary to Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, I move "Repair Facilities" are to liquidate exist­ carry a very large unexpended balance that the Senate proceed to consider ing contract authority. Contract au­ in the Navy Department for two reasons. House bill 2068, making additional ap­ thority has been included in the case of Perhaps both reasons are in reality one. propriations for the Navy Department Public Works in the amount of $239,- The Congress has in the last 2 or 3 years and the naval service for the fiscal year 740,000 for temporary construction in adopted the policy of withholding con­ ending June 30, 1943, and for other sight before the close of the year, which tract authorizations from the Navy De­ purposes. was authorized in the bill which has just partment and prefers to make the ap­ The motion was agreed to; and the been passed by the Senate, and which propriations in cash. It is necessary to Senate proceeded to consider the bill has already passed the House. make appropriations in the absence of (H. R. 2068) making additional appro­ Mr. McNARY • . Mr. President, will the contract authority far in advance in or­ ·priations for the Navy Department and der to provide for certain materiel and the naval service for the fiscal year end­ Senator yield? Mr. OVERTON. I yield. activities of the Navy. ing June 30, 1943, and for other purposes, Mr. McNARY. I observe this is a de­ For example, take battleships, which which had been reported from the Com­ ficiency appropriation bill for the Navy require 3 or 4 years to construct. Ap­ mittee on Appropriations, with amend.: Department. When does the annual ap­ prop;riations are made and contract..; are ments. propriation bill come before the Con- let. We must do one of two things. We Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, I gress? . must authorize contracts or appropri­ should like to take time to make a brief ate the money. Otherwise the Navy De· explanation of the appropriation bill. Mr. OVERTON. That will come later on in the year. partment could not enter into the con­ The bill as reported to the Senate is in tracts. I could perhaps add to the illus­ the sum of $3,851,176,119. As it passed Mr. McNARY. When was the last ap­ propriation bill passed for the NavY De­ trations. the House the bill carried $3,816,206,583. Mr. McNARY. · I think the illustration So the ".mount added by the Senate is partment? Mr. OVERTON. I think it was in Oc­ which the Senator gives of the battle­ only $34,969,536. ship is very inappropriate. It is very The supplemental appropriations con­ tober of last year. Mr. McNARY. That was a deficiency .unimpressive to me. Why is any sum tained in this bill, plus $449,740,400 of needed in addition to the $16,000,000,000 ·contract authority, are additional to the bill? unexpended and unobligated balances appropriations and contract authority Mr. OVERTON. ·That was the second allowed to pile up for the Navy? In so already granted this year in the amount supplemental national defense bill. doing does not Congress lose all oppor­ OJ. $21,273,000,000, in round figures, mak­ Mr. McNARY. But it was one which tunity carefully to watch the expendi­ ing the new total authorized cash and - followed the annual appropriation bill tures of funds and keep intimately in contract authority $25,573,000,000. Last which, as I recall, came before the Con­ touch with the activities of the various year the comparable figure was $24,089,- gress some time last summer? departments? When we appropriate 000,000. Therefore what WP are appro­ Mr. OVERTON. There was one NavY from time to time vast sums of money priating this year corresponds approxi­ Department appropriation bill for the and turn them over to be expended, do mately with the amount the Congress fiscal year 1943, passed in February 1942, we not lose control of them and give to appropriated last year. · and one passed in October, to which I some organization the authority to use The supplemental appropriation bill is have just made reference. ·its discretion in the expenditure of those due to expansions in personnel and train­ Mr. McNARY. I understand that. I funds? Has it ever been the practice of ing, advance procurement of personnel, ·want to know· how many appropriation Congress, in times of peace or times such the demand for equipment and materials bills we have had in the Senate from the as the present, to give vast sums to de­ due to the operations of the war, and time the annual appropriation bill came partments to spend in the future as they expansion of the Navy and increases in before the House and the Senate last please? Do they not usually come to maintenance and operation. summer? ·Congress with a budget estimate, and One of the main reasons for the in­ Mr. OVERTON. I do not know that I spend the money as it is needed? crease, of course, is the increase in the can answer that question. We had the Mr. OVERTON. The appropriations enlisted strength and number of offi.cers regular appropriation bill. Then we had are made on break-downs submitted to in the Navy. The increase in enlisted the second national defense appropria­ the Committee on Appropriations, not strength is 450,000 and the increase in tion bill. That is all with the exception only in the case of the Navy Department 2140 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 17 appropriations but in the case of ~ppro­ to construct. They tell us that they need and a half instead of $16,000,000,000 as priations for all other departments. At to have on hand tremendous supplies of the Senator first understood. this particular time it is unnecessary for clothing, munitions, and countless other Mr. OVERTON. However, there was me to remind the able Senator from Ore­ things in order that they may success­ unobligated and unexpended a total of gon that we are in the midst of a great fully conduct their end of th~s war. I do $16,000,000,000. war, and our expenditures must be vastly not know how we can say, "We are go­ Mr. HAYDEN. Which will be con­ ir.creased for our Navy, as well as our ing to cut down the total cash appropri­ tracted for between now and· the end of Army. ation in the bill from so much to so the year. Contracts cannot be made un­ Mr. McNARY. I understand. much less. Before we make any cash less there is a prior appropriation by Mr. OVERTON. The Navy Depart­ appropriations you must show that you Congress. ment must feel that it can enter into have cut down your unexpended balance Mr. McNARY. Of course, I am in the various contracts for the construction of from $15,000,000,000 to $5,000,000,000, very embarrassing and awkward position ships and for ordnance. It must have $3,000,000,000, or $1,000,000,000." of finding that two distinguished mem­ inventories on hand in order to be able Mr. McNARY. Under the philosophy bers of the committee are unable to to equip the fighting men of the Navy at of the Senator from Louisiana, he abdi­ agree on the ratio 16 to 1. [Laughter.] all times and have an abundance. Other­ cates his position as a member of the Mr. HAYDEN. I beg the Senator's wise the time may come when it has a committee and falls in line with every pardon. scarce supply of certain material on hand suggestion made by a representative of a Mr. McNARY. I am assuming that and cannot obtain the output quickly department. I do not profess to lecture the able Senator, whom I know to be enough from the manufacturers. Then the able Senator, but I assume that a able-I have served with him a great what is the Navy to do? Shall it wait member of a committee should exercise many years-says that $16,000,000,000- and go before Congress with a supple­ his own judgment with respect to the he says it three times-is unobligated mental appropriation bill appropriating appropriations which should be made, and uncommitted. the money, then enter into the contracts, and not merely say, "We will give you Mr. OVERTON. Unexpended. and build up the stores which it ought to anything you ask for." I think that is Mr. McNARY. Very well, unexpended. have in order to conduct this war? That a just criticism, not of the able s ~mator, Mr. HAYDEN. And between now and is the reason why we make appropria­ but of some of the appropriation bills the end of the year the contracts are to tions of large sums. We do so on esti­ which have come before the Senate. I be let. mates which have been submitted to the think we ought to use our judgment. If Mr. McNARY. I ask the pardon of the committee. I were :> member of the committee I Senator from Arizona, who always enters Mr. McNARY. If the Senator is satis­ think that if a man came before me rep­ the Treasury of the United States with fied with the explanation, I am not. resenting the Navy Department and said a key and with a smile. [Laughter.] Mr. OVERTON. I regret that the Sen­ that the Department had $16,000,000,000 Every one-~hc.re is no use in being per­ ator is not satisfied. ·of the taxpayers' money unobligated and sonal m the matter-wants to have ap­ Mr. McNARY. It seems very strange unexpended, I would say to him, "I think propriated enough money to enable the to me, in view of unobligated and unex­ you had better wait until you reduce that Nation to carry on; but there seems to be pended balances of previous appropria­ 'amount to some reasonable sum. Then a desire on the part of some members of tions in the sum m. $16,000,00&,000, that come back when you need the money and the committee to report favorably as to we shauld now be faced with a bill pro­ we will give you the money if you can every sum which is asked for by everyone viding for another appropriation called make out a good case." who comes before the committee·. I an emergency appropriation. What are Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, will the think that one of the most appalling we to do with the $16,000,000,000 in the Senator yield? things to the people o:f the country is the next 90 days? Mr. OVERTON. I yield. burden that is being placed on their Mr. OVERTON. We will not spend it Mr. HAYDEN. I think the Senator ·backs; and for one-and I have said this all, of course. from Oregon misunderstood the Senator a great many times when appropriation Mr. McNARY. Of course not. from Louisiana in what he said. bills have been b·~fore the Senate-! Mr. OVERTON. Indeed we will not. think we should shave the appropriations Mr. McNARY. Why keep adding to Mr. McNARY. Possibly my under­ carefully and should use our own inde­ this great accretion of funds which the standing is not so good as that of the able ·pendent judgment, as men of character, taxpayers some day will have to pay? Senator from Arizona. If so, I should judgment, and position, as to the amount They are now sighing from the burden like to be corrected. of :r..1oney that should be expended. which is placed upon ·them and which Mr. HAYDEN. The Senator said that Mr. President, when $16,000,000,000 is they are facing this very moment. I do as of July 1 a billion and a half dollars mentioned, I remember that I was told not understand the philosophy. would be unobligated, not $16,000,000,000. when I was somewhat younger than I am Mr. OVERTON. The Senator will re­ Mr. McNARY. I am taking the Sena­ now that the human mind cannot appre­ call that when we had the last bill before tor's statement. I assume that he knows ciate what a billion dollars is. Now we. us, which was the regular and supple­ what is in the bill or he would not be here are told that the Treasury says that mental appropriation, the unexpended supporting it. $16,000,000,000 is lying in its vaults, for and unobligated balance amounted to Mr. HAYDEN. I heard the statement, the use of the Navy Department. Then ·more than $21,000,000,000. I then made and it is based on the record. I should I ask, Why bring in the bill and call it a the same explanation to the Senate in like to read the record. I read from deficiency bill? That is my position. response to the inquiry of the Senator page 36 of the hearings. Admiral Allen Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, let me from Oregon. started out by stating that there had interrupt the Senator. I have looked at Mr. McNARY. Yes. It was just as already been appropriated $64,000,000,- the record-- unimpressive that day as it is today. I 000 for the Navy when we got into this Mr. McNARY. I assumed that the shall not quarrel with the Senator. trouble. As against that, a3 of the 1st Senator was familiar with the record. Mr. OVERTON. If the Senator could of January, there was obligated a total Mr. OVERTON. I find that on page 7 advise members of the Appropriations of $48,000,000, of which $18,000,000 was paid for in cash and $29,0QO,OOO remained of the House hearings a break-down is Committee how they can act otherwise, given. I think that the figures which I think they would be very glad to re­ unliquidated, leaving an uncommitted I shall now present to the Senate are ceive the advice. As a member of the balance on January 1 of $12,282,316,000. Then he said: in line with what I stated from recollec­ committee I do not know how to handle tion a few minutes ago. The figures are these bills otherwise, when representa­ Against which we can make contracts the under the caption, "Summary of appro­ tives of the Navy come before us and last 6 months of thi:> calendar year, and we priations, authorizations, obligations, estimate we will contract for all of this by state that they need these sums. Their June 30, with the exception of $1,550,524,205. commitments, and expenditures for war, requests are supported by Budget esti­ for appropriations and authorizations to mates, and they state that they must use So we are faced with carrying on with December 31, 1942-July 1, 1940, through the funds to construct things which will an unobligated balance as of the begin­ December 31, 1942, actual, ·with certain require many months, or perhaps years, ning of the fiscal year of only a billion estimates through June 30, 1943." The 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2141 figures show that the estimated unobli­ to ask .for particulars, and to divide those The next amendment was, under the gated balance as of July 1, 1943, will be two accounts? heading "Increase and replacement of $1,550,600,000. The estimated unex­ Mr. OVERTON. I suppose that could naval vessels-Repair facilities, Navy", pended balances of appropriations and be done. What particular reason does on page 6, line 2, after the figures $10,- corporation commitments as of July 1, the Senator assign for doing that? 000,000", to insert a comma and "toward 1943, will be $14,331,900,000. Mr. DAVIS. Then we would know contract authorization heretofore grant­ Mr. McNARY .. Mr. President, the how much would be appropriated for pay ed, to remain available until expended, Senator originally made his statement and how much for allowances. As it is and in addition the Secretary of the from data from which he had fixed in his now, they are lumped together in an ap­ Navy is hereby authorized to enter into mind. He read the report of the Senate propriation of $10,600,000. contracts for repair facilities in the committee, and now he has read from Mr. OVERTON. I suppose that infor­ amount of not to exceed $210,000,000, as the House committee. mation would be given in the break­ authorized by the act of February 19, Mr. OVERTON. I am not reading down. 1943, Public Law 1." from the House committee; I am reading Mr. DAVIS. I think the pay and al­ The amendment was agreed to. from the House committee hearings. lowances could be separated. The next amendment was, on page 6, Mr. McNARY. Yes. What is the Mr. ELLENDER. The allowances are ;:tfter line 7, to strike out: amount? fixed under the law; are they not? CONSTRUCTION OF FLOATING DRYDOCKS, NAVY Mr. OVERTON. I say that from $15,- Mr. DAVIS. Yes; but we ought to The Secretary of the Navy is authorized to 000,000,000 to $16,000,000,000 will be un­ know what they are. enter into contracts in the amount of not to pended at the end of the fiscal year 1943. Mr. ELLENDER. I do not know what exceed $210,000,000 for the construction of Mr. McNARY. I made such a state­ advantage that would be. mobile floating drydocks and collateral facili­ ment a moment ago, and I found dis­ I ties and incidental work, as authorized by the Mr. OVERTON. thought that pos­ act approved February 19, 1943 (Public agreement with the able Senator from sibly there was a break-down as to that; Law 1). Arizona, who is a good fiscal Senator, and but I find there is no break-down as to who looks with very great kindliness upon how much is for pay and how much for The amendment was agreed to. appropriation bills. allowances. The PRESIDING OFFICER. That The Senator's statement is that $15,- Mr. McNARY. Question. completes the amendments of the com­ 800,000,000 will be unexpended and un­ Mr. OVERTON. But the allowances mittee. obligated, but still the Senator wants the are fixed by law. Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, I send bill passed; is that correct? Mr. DAVIS. I understand that; but to the desk two amendments which I Mr. OVERTON. The committee au­ we should be told what the allowances have been authorized by the committee thorized me to report it. are, as well as what the pay iS. The pay, to offer. Mr. McNARY. Yes. too, is fixed by law. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. OVERTON. Of course, any Sena­ Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, I ask clerk will state the first amendment of­ tor who wishes to oppose it may oppose that the Senate proceed to consider the fered by the Senator from Louisiana on it. I undertook to make an explanation amendments of the committee. behalf of the committee. in answer to the questions which had · The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk The CHIEF CLERK. On page 2, line been propounded. will proceed to state the amendments of 21, after the word "elsewhere" and be­ Mr. McNARY. I appreciate the very the committee. fore the period it is proposed to insert great kindness on the p~;trt of the.Senator. - The first amendment of the Committee the following: Mr. OVERTON. When it comes to fig­ on Appropriations was, under the head­ Provided, That the first-proviso under the ures, I may not always be absolutely ac­ ing "Naval Establishment-Office of the heading of "Miscellaneous expenses" in titl~ curate. Secretary, miscellaneous expenses," on I of the Naval Appropriation Act for the fiscal Mr. McNARY. I have given my state­ year 1943 (Public Law 441, approved February page 2, line 12, after the figures "$6,723, 7, 1942) is hereby repealed. ment from the point of view of one who 117", to strike out the colon and the fol­ wants to keep at as low a level as possible lowing: "Provided, That no appropria­ Mr. McNARY. What is the reason for the amount of money which the taxpay­ tion for the Navy Department or naval that amendment? ers will be obligated to pay, consistent service· available during the fiscal year Mr. OVERTON. There is a limitation with the successful and vigorous prosecu­ 1943 (except funds transferred or made of $5,000 on the amount the Navy can tion of the war, and with the huge sum available to other executive agencies for spend in the employment of any civilian now available, which is almost beyond use for naval purposes) shall be used personnel. The Navy Department is the the conceptioJl of mortal mind, I do not after March 31, 1943, for the employment only department or agency of the Gov­ ·see why Senators want to add to it money of persons for the performance of service ernment which works under such a limi­ carried by the appropriation bill. in other than the Navy Department or tation and it finds it difficult to operate Mr. OVERTON. That is the report of elsewhere than under the Navy Depart­ under' it. It has to employ personnel the committee, and its recommendation. ment, except employees who had been whose services are at times worth much Mr. DAVIS. Mr. President, will the employed by and performing service un­ more than $5,000. The War Department Senator yield? der the Navy Department for 3 months does not have the limitation. Mr. OVERTON. I yield. or more immediately prior to their de­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. DAVIS. On page 6 of the bill, un­ tail for service elsewhere." question is on agreeing to the amend­ der the title "Coast Guard," in line 19, The amendment was agreed to. ment. appears the following item: The next amendment was, under the The amendment was agreed to. Pay and allowances, Coast Guard, $10,- heading "Bureau of Naval Personnel,'' on The PRESIDING OFFICER. The 600,000. page 3, line 20, to increase the appropri­ clerk will state the second amendment We are told that a part of that sum is ation for Naval Reserve from $40,800,000 offered by the Senator from Louisiana to be spent for quarters for officers, and a to $48,000,000. on behalf of the committee. part is to be spent for pay. I wonder The amendment was agreed to. The CHIEF CLERK. On page 4, line 14, why, under the heading "Pay and allow­ The next amendment was, on page 4, after the figures "$494,968,000", it is pro­ ances," we could not have the amount at the end of line 2, to increase the ap­ posed to insert the following: for pay stated separately from the propriation for maintenance, Bureau of Provided, That so much of the Naval Ap­ amount for allowances-the two amounts Ships, from $737,230,464 to $765,000,000. propriation Act, 1943 (Public Law 411, 77th which make up the total of $10,600,000? The amendment was agreed to. Cong.), under the heading "Pay, subsistence, Mr. OVERTON. We had no testimony The next amendment was, under the and transportation of naval personnel" as reads "Provided further, That no part of this before the Senate committee in respect heading "Bureau of Yards and Docks,'' appropriation shall be available for the pay of to that particular item. on page 4, line 23, after the word "includ­ any midshipman appointed from enlisted men Mr. DAVIS. Does not the. Senator ing", to insert "not to exceed $5,000 for of the Navy who has not served aboard aves­ think it would be wise-! simply make the." sel of the Navy in full commission or per­ the suggestion-for the committee itself The amendment was agreed to. formed equivalent service with fleet aircraft 2142 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 17 · for at least 9 months prior to admission to the H. R. 2030. An· act to permit the shipment Lawrence B. Fenneman, to be area director, Naval Academy," is amended to read as fol­ tax-free of certain tobacco products to Ter­ at $6,500 per annum, Maryland area office. lows: "Provi ded further, That during the ritories of the United States for the use of Farrell Daniel Coyle, to be area director, present emergency qualified enlisted men of members of the military and naval forces of at $6,500 per annum, Providence area office. the Navy, Naval Reserve, and Marine Corps the United States. Frederick R. Whitney, to be head man­ may be appointed to the Naval Academy after power utilization consultant, at $6,500 per such periods and under such conditions of EXECUTIVE SESSION annum, Boston regional office. service as may be prescribed by the Secretary Mr. HAYDEN. I move that the Senate Frank M. Bl'istow, to be field supervisor, at of the Navy." proceed to the consideration of executive $5,600 per annum, Kansas City regional office. Mr. OVERTON. Mr. President, under business. Ramy B. Deschner, to be area director, at The motion was agreed to; and the $5,600 per annum, District of Columbia area existing law enlisted men of the Navy office. must serve 9 months on a full commis­ Senate proceeded to the consideration William J. Fitzgerald, to be area director, sioned ship before they can make appli­ of executive business. at $4,600 per annum, New London area office. cation for appointment to the Naval EXECUTIVE REPORT OF A COMMITTEE Elmer K. Delp, to be senior training spe­ Academy under designation by the Presi­ cialist, at $4,600 per annum, New York re­ Mr. BAILEY, from the Committee on gional office. dent or by the Secretary of the Navy. Commerce, reported favorably the nomi­ On the other hand, there is no require­ nation of Rear Admiral Emory S. Land, IN THE ARMY ment that Naval Reserves shall serve on United States Navy, retired, to be a mem­ APPOINTMENTS IN THE REGULAR ARMY board any ship or for any length of time, ber of the United States Maritime Com­ To be chaplains, with rank oj first lieutenant, although the regulations provide, I think, mission for the term of 6 years from to rank jrom eLate of appointment that they should be in service for 9 April 16, 1943 (reappointment). Charles Edwin Brown, Jr. months before they are appointed. The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there John Porter Fellows · There are many seamen who are at sea be no further reports of committees, the James Clarke Griffin and doing sea duty who are not on full John Henry Hingson commissioned ships, and there are .a clerk will state the nominations on the John Michael Hughes number of them who are also doing calendar. Richard William Jungfer, Jr. WAR MANPOWER COMMISSION Alfred Charles Longley shore duty. The purpose of the amend­ Arthur Carl Piepkorn ment is to put the Naval Reserves and The legislative clerk proceeded to read Harold Owen Prudell the regularly enlisted seamen on the sundry nominations in the War Man­ same basis for selection as appointees to power Commission. To be first lieutenant, Medical Corps, with the Naval Academy by the President or Mr. HAYDEN. I ask that the nomina­ rank jro.m eLate oj appointment by the Secretary of the Navy. tions in the War Manpower Commission Charles Herman Ransom The PRESIDING OFFICER. The be confirmed en bloc. POST1'4ASTERS question is on agreeing to the amend­ The· PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ALABAMA • ment. objection, the nominations are confirmed Joseph G. Hardin, Hillsboro. The amendment was agreed to. en bloc. CALIFORNIA POSTMASTERS The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill Janet R. Carroll, Pebble Beach. is open to further amendment. If there The legislative clerk proceeded to read Albert C. Rist, Bradley. be no further amendments, the question sundry nominations of postmasters. is on the engrossment of the amend­ ILLINOIS Mr. HAYDEN. I ask that the nomina­ Webster Hanna, Noble. ments and the third reading of the bill. tions of postmasters be confirmed en bloc. The amendments were ordered to be The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without COLORADO engrossed and the bill to be read a third objection, the postmaster nominations Ethel A. Pfost, Arapahoe. time. are confirmed en bloc. Flora G. Hier, Castle"Rock. The bill