Nazis Claim Thermopylae Pass Taken;
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Ladies and Gentlemen
reaching the limits of their search area, ENS Reid and his navigator, ENS Swan decided to push their search a little farther. When he spotted small specks in the distance, he promptly radioed Midway: “Sighted main body. Bearing 262 distance 700.” PBYs could carry a crew of eight or nine and were powered by two Pratt & Whitney R-1830-92 radial air-cooled engines at 1,200 horsepower each. The aircraft was 104 feet wide wing tip to wing tip and 63 feet 10 inches long from nose to tail. Catalinas were patrol planes that were used to spot enemy submarines, ships, and planes, escorted convoys, served as patrol bombers and occasionally made air and sea rescues. Many PBYs were manufactured in San Diego, but Reid’s aircraft was built in Canada. “Strawberry 5” was found in dilapidated condition at an airport in South Africa, but was lovingly restored over a period of six years. It was actually flown back to San Diego halfway across the planet – no small task for a 70-year old aircraft with a top speed of 120 miles per hour. The plane had to meet FAA regulations and was inspected by an FAA official before it could fly into US airspace. Crew of the Strawberry 5 – National Archives Cover Artwork for the Program NOTES FROM THE ARTIST Unlike the action in the Atlantic where German submarines routinely targeted merchant convoys, the Japanese never targeted shipping in the Pacific. The Cover Artwork for the Veterans' Biographies American convoy system in the Pacific was used primarily during invasions where hundreds of merchant marine ships shuttled men, food, guns, This PBY Catalina (VPB-44) was flown by ENS Jack Reid with his ammunition, and other supplies across the Pacific. -
Maritime Patrol Aviation: 90 Years of Continuing Innovation
J. F. KEANE AND C. A. EASTERLING Maritime Patrol Aviation: 90 Years of Continuing Innovation John F. Keane and CAPT C. Alan Easterling, USN Since its beginnings in 1912, maritime patrol aviation has recognized the importance of long-range, persistent, and armed intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance in sup- port of operations afl oat and ashore. Throughout its history, it has demonstrated the fl ex- ibility to respond to changing threats, environments, and missions. The need for increased range and payload to counter submarine and surface threats would dictate aircraft opera- tional requirements as early as 1917. As maritime patrol transitioned from fl ying boats to land-based aircraft, both its mission set and areas of operation expanded, requiring further developments to accommodate advanced sensor and weapons systems. Tomorrow’s squad- rons will possess capabilities far beyond the imaginations of the early pioneers, but the mis- sion will remain essentially the same—to quench the battle force commander’s increasing demand for over-the-horizon situational awareness. INTRODUCTION In 1942, Rear Admiral J. S. McCain, as Com- plane. With their normal and advance bases strategically mander, Aircraft Scouting Forces, U.S. Fleet, stated the located, surprise contacts between major forces can hardly following: occur. In addition to receiving contact reports on enemy forces in these vital areas the patrol planes, due to their great Information is without doubt the most important service endurance, can shadow and track these forces, keeping the required by a fl eet commander. Accurate, complete and up fl eet commander informed of their every movement.1 to the minute knowledge of the position, strength and move- ment of enemy forces is very diffi cult to obtain under war Although prescient, Rear Admiral McCain was hardly conditions. -
America's Undeclared Naval War
America's Undeclared Naval War Between September 1939 and December 1941, the United States moved from neutral to active belligerent in an undeclared naval war against Nazi Germany. During those early years the British could well have lost the Battle of the Atlantic. The undeclared war was the difference that kept Britain in the war and gave the United States time to prepare for total war. With America’s isolationism, disillusionment from its World War I experience, pacifism, and tradition of avoiding European problems, President Franklin D. Roosevelt moved cautiously to aid Britain. Historian C.L. Sulzberger wrote that the undeclared war “came about in degrees.” For Roosevelt, it was more than a policy. It was a conviction to halt an evil and a threat to civilization. As commander in chief of the U.S. armed forces, Roosevelt ordered the U.S. Navy from neutrality to undeclared war. It was a slow process as Roosevelt walked a tightrope between public opinion, the Constitution, and a declaration of war. By the fall of 1941, the U.S. Navy and the British Royal Navy were operating together as wartime naval partners. So close were their operations that as early as autumn 1939, the British 1 | P a g e Ambassador to the United States, Lord Lothian, termed it a “present unwritten and unnamed naval alliance.” The United States Navy called it an “informal arrangement.” Regardless of what America’s actions were called, the fact is the power of the United States influenced the course of the Atlantic war in 1941. The undeclared war was most intense between September and December 1941, but its origins reached back more than two years and sprang from the mind of one man and one man only—Franklin Roosevelt. -
World War II at Sea This Page Intentionally Left Blank World War II at Sea
World War II at Sea This page intentionally left blank World War II at Sea AN ENCYCLOPEDIA Volume I: A–K Dr. Spencer C. Tucker Editor Dr. Paul G. Pierpaoli Jr. Associate Editor Dr. Eric W. Osborne Assistant Editor Vincent P. O’Hara Assistant Editor Copyright 2012 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data World War II at sea : an encyclopedia / Spencer C. Tucker. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-59884-457-3 (hardcopy : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-59884-458-0 (ebook) 1. World War, 1939–1945—Naval operations— Encyclopedias. I. Tucker, Spencer, 1937– II. Title: World War Two at sea. D770.W66 2011 940.54'503—dc23 2011042142 ISBN: 978-1-59884-457-3 EISBN: 978-1-59884-458-0 15 14 13 12 11 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America To Malcolm “Kip” Muir Jr., scholar, gifted teacher, and friend. This page intentionally left blank Contents About the Editor ix Editorial Advisory Board xi List of Entries xiii Preface xxiii Overview xxv Entries A–Z 1 Chronology of Principal Events of World War II at Sea 823 Glossary of World War II Naval Terms 831 Bibliography 839 List of Editors and Contributors 865 Categorical Index 877 Index 889 vii This page intentionally left blank About the Editor Spencer C. -
Diary of an Ardent Naturalist: Letters from Austin H. Clark to His Wife from the 1906 Research Cruise of the Steamer Albatross
Diary of an Ardent Naturalist: Letters from Austin H. Clark to his Wife from the 1906 Research Cruise of the Steamer Albatross DAVID L. PAWSON and DORIS J. PAWSON Introduction in the Smithsonian Archives. We were siz (1913). Published accounts of early astonished to find among the papers deep-sea research cruises, based upon Austin Hobart Clark (1880–1954) the letters, noted above, from Clark on letters home, are rare. Perhaps the best was a marine biologist who specialized the Albatross to his wife Mary. Regret- of them, written by Charles Matkin in the study of echinoderms (sea stars tably, none of Mary Clark’s numerous and edited by Philip Rehbock (1992), and allies), but his broad research in- replies to her husband appear to have describes the cruise of the HMS Chal- terests led him to become an expert in survived. lenger from the point of view of a several animal groups. He was a Cu- Our interest in Clark’s personal and crew member. Austin Clark’s letters rator in the National Museum of Nat- professional life, and in the Albatross offer unique and fascinating insights ural History, Smithsonian Institution, (Fig. 1), was stimulated by this collec- into daily life on board the Albatross, Washington, D.C., from 1908 until his tion of letters, for they describe, in in- and they also reveal how his 7-month retirement in 1950, and a Research As- timate and gossipy detail, life aboard cruise helped to shape his life in sci- sociate until his death in late 1954. the vessel, interpersonal relationships, ence. -
Senate Section (PDF)
E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 114 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION Vol. 162 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 7, 2016 No. 176 Senate The Senate met at 9:30 a.m. and was RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY have fittingly been renamed for Beau called to order by the President pro LEADER Biden in this legislation. I will have tempore (Mr. HATCH). The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. more to say about the Vice President PAUL). The majority leader is recog- when he joins us again this afternoon, f nized. but for now I look forward to passing the 21st Century Cures Act today. f PRAYER On another matter, we will have an- LEGISLATION BEFORE THE other important vote this afternoon. It The PRESIDENT pro tempore. To- SENATE is a vote to move forward on the na- day’s opening prayer will be offered by Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, the tional defense authorization conference Elder D. Todd Christofferson, a mem- continuing resolution was filed in the report. ber of the Quorum of the Twelve Apos- House yesterday. As we wait for the We all know the world the next ad- tles of The Church of Jesus Christ of House to take the next step, I encour- ministration will inherit is a difficult Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City. age all Members to continue reviewing and dangerous one. There are many The guest Chaplain offered the fol- the legislative text, which has been threats. There are numerous national lowing prayer: available for some time. -
Congressional Record-Senate Senate
198 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 10 6110. By Mr. HOUSTON: Petition of 22 citizens of Wichita, 6125. By Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey: Resolution adopted Kans., urging enactment of House bill 1, to impose on persons by Herbert Cawley Post, No. 188, High Bridge, N. J., recom operating 10 or more retail stores under the same general mending that the activities of the Dies committee be con management a graduated excise tax; to the Committee on tinued during the year 1940; to the Committee on Rules. Ways and Means. 6126. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the North Long Beach 6111. By Mr. MARTIN J. KENNEDY: Petition of the Democratic Club, Long Beach, Calif., petitioning consider- American Legion Auxiliary, New York County committee, ation of their resolution with reference to Byron N. Scott; to New York City, concerning their five~point legislative pro the Committee on Elections No. 2. gram for the year 1940; to the Committee on World War Veterans' Legislation. · 6112. Also, petition of the Veterans of Foreign Wars of SENATE the United States, legislative department, Washington, D. C., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 10, 1940 urging support of House bill 2726; to the Committee on World War Veterans' Legislation. The Chaplain, Rev. Z~Barney T. Phillips, D. D., offered the 6113. By Mr. LECOMPTE: Petition of sundry citizens of following prayer: Ollie, Richland, and Sigourney, Iowa, expressing unalterable 0 God, our Heavenly Father, of whom all fatherhood is opposition to America participating in any foreign war, and named: Deliver us, we beseech Thee, from the sins that urging the continuance of the Committee Investigating Un divide us, from forgetfulness of Thee, from indifference to American Activities; to the Committee on Appropriations. -
Index to Eries of Taped Interviews with Vice
Index to Series of Taped Interviews with Vice Admiral William Paden Mack, USN (Ret.) Volume I AIRCRAFT CARRIERS: status in 1937-39, p. 48-49; ALPHA: ASW weapon, p. 363; AMPHIBIOUS FORCE - PACIFIC FLEET: Mack reports as aide and flag lieutenant (1942) to Adm. Rockwell - with Comdr. Dennison as Chief of Staff, p. 119 ff; made up of elements of Pac Fleet's old scouting force - need to formulate a doctrine, p. 121; the assembling of landing craft and learning how to use them, p. 121 ff; development of indirect fire support off San Clemente, p. 124-5; Mack ordered to design and construct an amphibious base at San Diego, p. 125; BB PENNSYLVANIA assigned as flag ship - Mack ordered to make arrangements on board as headquarters for the amphibious commander, p. 125; a principal task - to train navy elements in coordination with the marines (who had technical knowledge already), p. 128; Admiral King decrees the time when a landing force commander assumes his command, p. 128; Mack ordered to construct amphibious base at PT Boat Bay (on Adak), p. 139; possible use for later attack on Kuriles, p. 139-40; after three months overall plan for two amphibious operations abandoned and Adm. Rockwell given another assignment, p. 140; Mack's summary of lessons learned from Aleutians campaign for benefit of amphibious operations elsewhere, p. 140-6; first use of deceptive maneuvers at Kiska, p. 143-4; Adm. Rockwell sets up special photographic unit to take official pictures at Attu and Kiska, p. 148; See Also: Entries under Pennsylvania; Attu Operation; Gen. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt Library & Museum
Franklin D. Roosevelt Library & Museum Collection: Grace Tully Archive Series: Grace Tully Papers Box 7; Folder = Logs of the President's Trips: Inspection Cruise through the West Indies, December 3-14, 1940 1940 3-14, December Indies, West the through Cruise Papers Tully Inspection Grace Trips: Series: President's the Archive; of Tully Logs Grace Folder= 7; Collection: Box 1940 3-14, December Indies, West the through Cruise Papers Tully Inspection Grace Trips: Series: President's the Archive; of Tully Logs Grace Folder= 7; Box Collection: ON PRESIDENT'S' BOARD THROUGH Original 1940 THE 3-14, 3-14 retired THE INSPECTION 1 DECEMBER OF U. LOG December 940 THE S. S. WEST Indies, for West pieservation TUSCALOOSA the INDIES CRUISE through Cruise Papers Tully Inspection Grace Trips: Series: President's the Archive; of Tully Logs Grace Folder= 7; Box Collection: c (' Original retired for pieser~atioH THE PRESIDENTIAL DETACHMENT U. S. S. TUSCALOOSA, Presidential Flagship, Captain L. P. Johnson, U.S.N., Commanding. U. S. S. MAYRANT; Escort Vessel, Commander H. D. Clarke, U.S.N., (Comdesdiv-16), 1940 Lt. Comdr. E. A. Taylor, U.S.N., Commanding. 3-14, u. S. S. TRIPPE, Escort Vessel, December Lt. Comdr. R. L. Campbell, Jr., U.S.N., Commanding. Indies, West the through Cruise Papers Tully Inspection Grace Trips: Series: President's the Archive; of Tully Logs Grace iii Folder= 7; Box Collection: Original retired for preservation THE PRESIDENT'S PARTY The Pre sid e n t Mr. Harry L. Hopkins, Guest of the President Personal Staff Major General Edwin M. Watson, U.S.Army, Secretary to the President; Military Aide Rear Admiral Ross T. -
Michael Muir Story
The Personal History of Michael Mu ir By SK Rice When you know your past you understand yourself, the Michael Muir Story ii I WOULD LIKE TO THANK; 1. My mom, Sharon Sanders for collecting information on the Muir family for the past 30 years. 2. My wonderful husband, Michael Strem who would not hesitate to help me when needed. His patience and support to complete this document. 3. Debbie Koch for all of her help, when I was looking for things and unable to find it, she would some how find it. 4. Richard Gess, for all of his hard work on the Muir line and putting it on rootsweb. 5. Sue Collins, for her hard work on the Muir line and putting the information on rootsweb. 6. Pat Thomas, for all her hard work on the Leonard line and all the great information I received due to her hard work and putting it on rootsweb. 7. My daughter, Nakita Strem for her assistance with the pictures. 8. All other family members who have sent stories or pictures for this document's completion. Please Note all works have been cited at the point of use. Shareene K. Rice-Strem iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Forward 1 Chapter 1: Introduction 3 Chapter 2: Coming to America 5 Michael Muir .. 5 Ayershire.... 7 Description in 1887.... .... 8 Towns and Parishes 8 Riccarton 8 Church History. 9 Description and Travel 9 Chapter Notes .11 Chapter 3: Thomas Montgomerie Muir . 13 Chapter Notes 16 Chapter 4: Michael Muir 19 The Traveler — .19 Michael Gets Married 19 Dakota Territory or Bust. -
Forty-Year Index To
Fifty-Year Index Mains’l Haul: A Journal of Pacific Maritime History Vol. 1:1 – 50:1&2 1964-2014 Compiled by editors Mark Allen & Neva Sullaway with the aid of: Gerald H. Clark, William R. Gohlke, Dorothy Nowroozian, Barbara Ring, Tom Schmidt, Genoa Sullaway, Mary Bussey, Lincoln Dutcher, Brandon Dennis, Jack Cairncross and Corey Taliaferro. Photocopies of articles may be obtained for .50 U.S. per page. Many articles, however, may be available less expensively by purchasing the original issues from us in their entirety. Please contact: Kevin Sheehan, [email protected] The MacMullen Library of the Pacific & Research Archives Maritime Museum of San Diego 1492 N. Harbor Dr. San Diego, CA 92101 USA How to use this index: Sample entry: Araucano (brig) 35:4: 27, 28, 31-32, 34n, 51 You will find references to this vessel (classed as a brig) in volume 35, number 4—which subscribers received in Fall, 1999—on the pages indicated. Italicized page numbers 31 and 51 indicates that these pages also contain an image of the subject. The “n” after page number 34 indicates that a further reference is contained in an endnote on that page. A “‘A Dead Whale or a Stove Boat!’ The History and Archaeology of the Ballast Point Whaling Station” by Ronald V. May 37:1: 4-11 "A Noble Quest" by Virgil Erwin 50:1&2: 94-99 (refers to: PCF 816: 94; P 23: 94; P 24: 94, 95, 99; PCF 67: 95) “A Sailor’s-eye View of Euterpe in 1898,” Edited by Mark Allen & Charles A. -
THE BLACKWALL FRIGATES Digitized by Tine Internet Archive
BASIL LUBBO THE BLACKWALL FRIGATES Digitized by tine Internet Archive in 2008 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/blackwallfrigatesOOIubb THE BLACKWALL FRIGATES BY BASIL LUBBOCK Author of "The Ch\na Clippers"; "The Colonial Clippers, "Round the Horn before the Mast"; "Jack Derringer, " a Tale of Deep Water" ; and Deep Sea Warriors" WITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND PLANS GLASGOW JAMES BROWN S- SON (Glasgow) Ltd., Publishers 52 TO 58 Darnley Street 1922 v/r Dedication Dedicated to the Blackwall Midshipmite. PREFACE The Blackwall frigates form a connecting link between the lordly East Indiaman of the Honourable John Company and the magnificent P. & O. and Orient liners of the present day. They were first-class ships—well-run, happy ships, and the sailor who started his sea life as a midshipman aboard a Blackwaller looked back ever afterwards to his cadet days as the happiest period of his career. If discipline was strict, it was also just. The train- ing was superb, as witness the number of Blackwall midshipmen who reached the head of their profession and distinguished themselves later in other walks of life. Indeed, as a nursery for British seamen, we shall never see the like of these gallant little frigates. The East still calls, yet its glamour was twice as alluring, its vista twice as romantic, in the days of sail; and happy indeed was the boy who first saw the shores of India from the deck of one of Green's or Smith's passenger ships. Fifty years ago, the lithographs of the celebrated Blackwall liners to India and Australia could be bought at any seaport for a few shillings.