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Ladies and Gentlemen
reaching the limits of their search area, ENS Reid and his navigator, ENS Swan decided to push their search a little farther. When he spotted small specks in the distance, he promptly radioed Midway: “Sighted main body. Bearing 262 distance 700.” PBYs could carry a crew of eight or nine and were powered by two Pratt & Whitney R-1830-92 radial air-cooled engines at 1,200 horsepower each. The aircraft was 104 feet wide wing tip to wing tip and 63 feet 10 inches long from nose to tail. Catalinas were patrol planes that were used to spot enemy submarines, ships, and planes, escorted convoys, served as patrol bombers and occasionally made air and sea rescues. Many PBYs were manufactured in San Diego, but Reid’s aircraft was built in Canada. “Strawberry 5” was found in dilapidated condition at an airport in South Africa, but was lovingly restored over a period of six years. It was actually flown back to San Diego halfway across the planet – no small task for a 70-year old aircraft with a top speed of 120 miles per hour. The plane had to meet FAA regulations and was inspected by an FAA official before it could fly into US airspace. Crew of the Strawberry 5 – National Archives Cover Artwork for the Program NOTES FROM THE ARTIST Unlike the action in the Atlantic where German submarines routinely targeted merchant convoys, the Japanese never targeted shipping in the Pacific. The Cover Artwork for the Veterans' Biographies American convoy system in the Pacific was used primarily during invasions where hundreds of merchant marine ships shuttled men, food, guns, This PBY Catalina (VPB-44) was flown by ENS Jack Reid with his ammunition, and other supplies across the Pacific. -
Maritime Patrol Aviation: 90 Years of Continuing Innovation
J. F. KEANE AND C. A. EASTERLING Maritime Patrol Aviation: 90 Years of Continuing Innovation John F. Keane and CAPT C. Alan Easterling, USN Since its beginnings in 1912, maritime patrol aviation has recognized the importance of long-range, persistent, and armed intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance in sup- port of operations afl oat and ashore. Throughout its history, it has demonstrated the fl ex- ibility to respond to changing threats, environments, and missions. The need for increased range and payload to counter submarine and surface threats would dictate aircraft opera- tional requirements as early as 1917. As maritime patrol transitioned from fl ying boats to land-based aircraft, both its mission set and areas of operation expanded, requiring further developments to accommodate advanced sensor and weapons systems. Tomorrow’s squad- rons will possess capabilities far beyond the imaginations of the early pioneers, but the mis- sion will remain essentially the same—to quench the battle force commander’s increasing demand for over-the-horizon situational awareness. INTRODUCTION In 1942, Rear Admiral J. S. McCain, as Com- plane. With their normal and advance bases strategically mander, Aircraft Scouting Forces, U.S. Fleet, stated the located, surprise contacts between major forces can hardly following: occur. In addition to receiving contact reports on enemy forces in these vital areas the patrol planes, due to their great Information is without doubt the most important service endurance, can shadow and track these forces, keeping the required by a fl eet commander. Accurate, complete and up fl eet commander informed of their every movement.1 to the minute knowledge of the position, strength and move- ment of enemy forces is very diffi cult to obtain under war Although prescient, Rear Admiral McCain was hardly conditions. -
America's Undeclared Naval War
America's Undeclared Naval War Between September 1939 and December 1941, the United States moved from neutral to active belligerent in an undeclared naval war against Nazi Germany. During those early years the British could well have lost the Battle of the Atlantic. The undeclared war was the difference that kept Britain in the war and gave the United States time to prepare for total war. With America’s isolationism, disillusionment from its World War I experience, pacifism, and tradition of avoiding European problems, President Franklin D. Roosevelt moved cautiously to aid Britain. Historian C.L. Sulzberger wrote that the undeclared war “came about in degrees.” For Roosevelt, it was more than a policy. It was a conviction to halt an evil and a threat to civilization. As commander in chief of the U.S. armed forces, Roosevelt ordered the U.S. Navy from neutrality to undeclared war. It was a slow process as Roosevelt walked a tightrope between public opinion, the Constitution, and a declaration of war. By the fall of 1941, the U.S. Navy and the British Royal Navy were operating together as wartime naval partners. So close were their operations that as early as autumn 1939, the British 1 | P a g e Ambassador to the United States, Lord Lothian, termed it a “present unwritten and unnamed naval alliance.” The United States Navy called it an “informal arrangement.” Regardless of what America’s actions were called, the fact is the power of the United States influenced the course of the Atlantic war in 1941. The undeclared war was most intense between September and December 1941, but its origins reached back more than two years and sprang from the mind of one man and one man only—Franklin Roosevelt. -
Senate Section (PDF)
E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 114 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION Vol. 162 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 7, 2016 No. 176 Senate The Senate met at 9:30 a.m. and was RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY have fittingly been renamed for Beau called to order by the President pro LEADER Biden in this legislation. I will have tempore (Mr. HATCH). The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. more to say about the Vice President PAUL). The majority leader is recog- when he joins us again this afternoon, f nized. but for now I look forward to passing the 21st Century Cures Act today. f PRAYER On another matter, we will have an- LEGISLATION BEFORE THE other important vote this afternoon. It The PRESIDENT pro tempore. To- SENATE is a vote to move forward on the na- day’s opening prayer will be offered by Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, the tional defense authorization conference Elder D. Todd Christofferson, a mem- continuing resolution was filed in the report. ber of the Quorum of the Twelve Apos- House yesterday. As we wait for the We all know the world the next ad- tles of The Church of Jesus Christ of House to take the next step, I encour- ministration will inherit is a difficult Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City. age all Members to continue reviewing and dangerous one. There are many The guest Chaplain offered the fol- the legislative text, which has been threats. There are numerous national lowing prayer: available for some time. -
Index to Eries of Taped Interviews with Vice
Index to Series of Taped Interviews with Vice Admiral William Paden Mack, USN (Ret.) Volume I AIRCRAFT CARRIERS: status in 1937-39, p. 48-49; ALPHA: ASW weapon, p. 363; AMPHIBIOUS FORCE - PACIFIC FLEET: Mack reports as aide and flag lieutenant (1942) to Adm. Rockwell - with Comdr. Dennison as Chief of Staff, p. 119 ff; made up of elements of Pac Fleet's old scouting force - need to formulate a doctrine, p. 121; the assembling of landing craft and learning how to use them, p. 121 ff; development of indirect fire support off San Clemente, p. 124-5; Mack ordered to design and construct an amphibious base at San Diego, p. 125; BB PENNSYLVANIA assigned as flag ship - Mack ordered to make arrangements on board as headquarters for the amphibious commander, p. 125; a principal task - to train navy elements in coordination with the marines (who had technical knowledge already), p. 128; Admiral King decrees the time when a landing force commander assumes his command, p. 128; Mack ordered to construct amphibious base at PT Boat Bay (on Adak), p. 139; possible use for later attack on Kuriles, p. 139-40; after three months overall plan for two amphibious operations abandoned and Adm. Rockwell given another assignment, p. 140; Mack's summary of lessons learned from Aleutians campaign for benefit of amphibious operations elsewhere, p. 140-6; first use of deceptive maneuvers at Kiska, p. 143-4; Adm. Rockwell sets up special photographic unit to take official pictures at Attu and Kiska, p. 148; See Also: Entries under Pennsylvania; Attu Operation; Gen. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt Library & Museum
Franklin D. Roosevelt Library & Museum Collection: Grace Tully Archive Series: Grace Tully Papers Box 7; Folder = Logs of the President's Trips: Inspection Cruise through the West Indies, December 3-14, 1940 1940 3-14, December Indies, West the through Cruise Papers Tully Inspection Grace Trips: Series: President's the Archive; of Tully Logs Grace Folder= 7; Collection: Box 1940 3-14, December Indies, West the through Cruise Papers Tully Inspection Grace Trips: Series: President's the Archive; of Tully Logs Grace Folder= 7; Box Collection: ON PRESIDENT'S' BOARD THROUGH Original 1940 THE 3-14, 3-14 retired THE INSPECTION 1 DECEMBER OF U. LOG December 940 THE S. S. WEST Indies, for West pieservation TUSCALOOSA the INDIES CRUISE through Cruise Papers Tully Inspection Grace Trips: Series: President's the Archive; of Tully Logs Grace Folder= 7; Box Collection: c (' Original retired for pieser~atioH THE PRESIDENTIAL DETACHMENT U. S. S. TUSCALOOSA, Presidential Flagship, Captain L. P. Johnson, U.S.N., Commanding. U. S. S. MAYRANT; Escort Vessel, Commander H. D. Clarke, U.S.N., (Comdesdiv-16), 1940 Lt. Comdr. E. A. Taylor, U.S.N., Commanding. 3-14, u. S. S. TRIPPE, Escort Vessel, December Lt. Comdr. R. L. Campbell, Jr., U.S.N., Commanding. Indies, West the through Cruise Papers Tully Inspection Grace Trips: Series: President's the Archive; of Tully Logs Grace iii Folder= 7; Box Collection: Original retired for preservation THE PRESIDENT'S PARTY The Pre sid e n t Mr. Harry L. Hopkins, Guest of the President Personal Staff Major General Edwin M. Watson, U.S.Army, Secretary to the President; Military Aide Rear Admiral Ross T. -
SENATE 2105 Iutton 290
1943 CONGRESSIONA.L I~ECORD-SENATE 2105 Iutton 290. Seventy-sixth Congress; without the Internal Revenue Code are required to victory of righteousness and peace. We amendment (Rept. No. 251). Referred to the be performed; to the Committee on Ways ask it all in the name and for the sake of House Calendar. and Means. Mr. BLOOM: Committee on Foreign Affairs. By Mr. DffiKSEN: Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. Senate Concurrent Resolution 9. Concurrent H. Res. 171. Resolution to establish a spe _NAMING A PRESIDING OFFICER resolution condemning outrages 1nfiicted cial committee to be known as the Commit upon ciVilians in the Nazi occupied countries tee on Post-War Economic Policy and Plan The Secretary (Edwin A. Halsey) read and favoring punishment of persons responsi rung; to the Committee on Rules. the following letter: ble therefor; without amendment (Rept. No. UNITED STATES SENATE, 252). Referred to the House calendar. PRESmENT PRO TEMPORE, PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Washington. D. C., March 17, 1943. Undex clause 1 of rule XXII, private To the Senate: PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS bills and resolutions were introduced and Being temporarily absent from the Senate, Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public severally referred as follows: I appoint Hon. ScOOT W. LucAs, a Senator By Mr. BARRY: from the State of Illinois. to perform the bills and resolutions were introduced duties of the Chair during my absence. and severally referred as follows: H. R. 2211. A bill for the relief of Francesco Antonio Pataca; to the Committee on Immi CARTER GLASS, By Mr. HOWELL: gration and Naturalization. -
Nazis Claim Thermopylae Pass Taken;
-viT '.’. Average Daily Circulation The Waatlwr Far tke Moath of Marta, UMl rsreeaat ta O. S. VNaBm 6 ,7 1 7 Fair a fd n a p a ilei aoal Member aC the Aadit Saturday telr, aHgIrtly wa Bareaa .of Oicalatloaa . ?• y . Manchester— A City o f Village Charm “ 7 " (ClaaeiBed Advertteiag Oa Page If) MANCHESTER, CONN., FRIDAY, APRIL 25, 1941 (EIGHTEEN PAGES) PRICE THREE CEM VOL. LX., NO. 176 ^ Nazis Claim Thermopylae Pass Taken; Six-In^ Guhs Used Against 28-l^n Tank Blazes Away With Cannon Possibility Forces Ayer British Thrown From Axis Partly Out Inside 48 llours; Occupy Greenland Beat Baejk Disclosed by Roosevelt A //bp* In What He Frankly British ami Greeks Cling T Fighting Makes ‘Extn|>f Calls Surprising State-i Jn i^lCtSS Oj Doggedly to Positions ^ ordinary Demands' eii^ ment; Neutrality Pa-! ^ , » trol to Operate as Far- LiOpperneauS In Face of Masseil Germans Who Mak* place \German Forces; Lat-' Forced March of 5Q^ As Needed for Defense — — est Reports Dramatic^ Miles; Machine * Gi nr i.- ~7 IOC Roosevelt Places Lind- Lab r Head Washington, April 25.—(/P) 1 But Barren of De Nests Pour Punisl —A possibility that Axis bergh in Category of tail ; Report l^lfizis Fire into Naid Atta< forces partly occupy Green Civil War Appeasers. Byrd S^s Woman Sec- land,'big Danish island in the Losses Are l^avy. retary Htu Made Her ers; (Capture Artillery^ Whose Head Banished. western hemisphere now un self Serious Bottleneck Berlin, April 25.—(/P)— der Ame'rican protection, was Athena, April /^6.—</P)— i Wsshington, April 25.—(Jt^ — In addition to four machine guns, numerous sub-niechine. -
Fehling, Harvey OH616
Wisconsin Veterans Museum Research Center Transcript of an Oral History Interview with Harvey C. Fehling Chief Water Tender, Navy, World War II 1996 OH 616 1 OH 616 Fehling, Harvey C., (b. 1921). Oral History Interview, 1996. User Copy: 2 sound cassettes (ca. 97 min.); analog, 1 7/8 ips, mono. Master Copy: 2 sound cassettes (ca. 97 min.); analog, 1 7/8 ips, mono. Transcript: 0.1 linear ft. (1 folder). Military Papers: 0.1 linear ft. (1 folder) Abstract: Harvey Fehling, a Lowell, Wisconsin native, discusses his service in the Navy during World War II. Fehling describes growing up on a farm in Lowell and serving in the Civilian Conservation Corps at Camp Madison as a youth. In 1939, Fehling voluntarily enlisted in the Navy. He describes a competitive selection process involving many physicals. The Navy did not accept many enlistees at that time because the U.S. had not yet joined World War II. Fehling discusses at length his basic training at Great Lakes Naval Base (Illinois). After six weeks of training, he chose an assignment on the USS Milwaukee where he served as a deck hand and an engineer. Fehling talks about his experiences on the USS Milwaukee in San Diego (California) and Pearl Harbor (Hawaii) in 1940. He discusses the large fleet docked in Pearl Harbor, which he and other sailors saw as a target for the Japanese. Fehling jokes that shore leave became less fun when the fleet arrived; before that, he would go to Waikiki beach and movies at the port. Fehling addresses gambling and drinking problems among sailors. -
US Coast Guard Missions
U.S. Coast Guard History Program U.S. Coast Guard Missions: A Historical Timeline Law Enforcement Establishment of "system of cutters" to enforce customs' laws, 1790 Congress authorized the Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, to create a maritime service to enforce customs laws (1 Stat. L. 145, 175; 4 August 1790). Alternately known as the system of cutters, Revenue Service, and Revenue-Marine this service would officially be named the Revenue Cutter Service (12 Stat. L., 639) in 1863. This service was placed under the control of the Treasury Department. 2 March 1799- Congress authorized revenue cutter officers to board all ships of the United States within four leagues of the U.S., if bound for the U.S. and then search and examine them, certifying manifest, sealing hatches and remaining on board until they arrived in port. They were also authorized to search ships of other nations in United States' waters and "perform such other duties for the collection and security of the Revenue" as directed by the Secretary of the Treasury 2 March 1807- Congress outlawed the importation of slaves into the United States. The Revenue Marine enforced the law on the sea. Post-War of 1812 enactments: Congress authorized the revenue cutters to enforce the slave trade restrictions, combat pirates, enforce quarantine and neutrality laws, prevent plundering, and remove dangerous wrecks from navigable waters. 3 March 1819- Congress authorized the revenue cutters to protect merchant vessels of United States against piracy and to seize vessels engaged in slave trade. The cutters Louisiana and Alabama were built shortly thereafter to assist in the government's efforts against piracy. -
Naval SITREP Index
Naval SITREP Index A 1985 Cold War Harpoon Scenario by Larry Bond Naval SITREP Article Index (Issues 14 - 47) Type Article Issue Page Author Topic Atlantic Escorts by D.K. Battle of the Atlantic, including development of ASW escort Book Review Brown 34/Apr '08 31 Bond vessels Attack from the Sea by Book Review William F. Trimble 29/Oct '05 32 Bond US Postwar seaplanes - Seamaster and Sea Dart Attack on Pearl Harbor, by Book Review Dr. Alan D. Zimm 44/Apr '13 31 Bond Analysis of historical accounts of the attack Battle Line by Thomas C. and Book Review Trent Hone 35/Oct '08 31 Bond The U.S. Navy between WW I and WW II Book Review Big Red by Douglas C. Waller 26/Apr '04 32 Loughrey First-hand account of patrol aboard USS Nebraska Blind Man’s Bluff by Sherry Book Review Sontag and Christopher Drew 16/Apr '99 32 Bond Covert U.S. submarine operations in the Cold War. Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet & EA-18G Growler, by Book Review Brad Elward, The 44/Apr '13 30 Bond Exhaustive coverage of Super Hornet and Growler British Destroyers & Frigates Book Review by Dr. Norman Friedman 35/Oct '08 30 Bond Design and development of UK DDs & FFs after WW II Castles of Steel by Robert K. Book Review Massie 28/Apr '05 26 Bond Excellent history of WW I at sea Coastal Convoy 1939 - 45: The Indestructible Highway, Book Review by Nic Hewitt 38/Apr '10 31 Wright British Coastal Convoys in WW II Cold War Submarines by Book Review Norman Polmar & J.K. -
Isolationism and the Road to World War II, 1920-1941
AP U.S. History: Unit 7.7 Student Edition Isolationism and the Road to World War II, 1920-1941 I. Peace attempts in the 1920s and the Great Depression Use space below for notes A. American isolationism after World War I 1. The U.S. fatally weakened the League of Nations by refusing to sign the League Covenant and the Versailles Treaty. a. Later, the U.S. would bear part of the blame for WWII as it undercut the League of Nations by refusing to join it. b. The Security Treaty with France was also rejected by the Senate. France then undertook to build a powerful military in the face of increased German power and lack of U.S. support. Germany, fearing France’s buildup, embarked on an even more vigorous rearmament program under Hitler. c. The U.S. Senate refused to adhere to the World Court, the League's judicial arm. d. The U.S. thus avoided an opportunity to emerge as a world leader and to shape world events for the benefit of peace. 2. July 1921, Congress passed a joint resolution declaring WWI officially over (as far as the U.S. was concerned). 3. While the U.S. refused to participate in alliances that might obligate the country to fight a future war, it did participate in peace agreements that were largely symbolic. “Paper agreements” that looked good in theory, but had no real enforcement measures, resulted (e.g. Five Power Treaty and Kellogg-Briand Treaty). 4. The U.S. did play an important economic role in European affairs as the world’s leading creditor and through the Dawes Plan.