SOCIAL STUDIES - GRADE 6 Figures of the Renaissance Monday, May 18 – Friday, May 22

PURPOSE

New Material

Grade Level Expectation: 6.2.10

• I can describe the significance of the people and achievements that influenced the Renaissance in Europe.

PRACTICE

Monday: Read Introduction to the Renaissance and answer the article questions.

Tuesday: Read through the information from Ducksters: The Medici Family. After exploring the material from the website, complete the quiz. (You will see the results when you submit the quiz). • After the quiz, answer the following question: Would the Renaissance have been successful without the patronage of the Medici Family? Explain.

Wednesday: Explore the following people from the Renaissance: • Artists Famous Renaissance People Christopher Columbus Galileo Johannes Gutenberg Henry VIII Michelangelo Queen Elizabeth I Raphael William Shakespeare Leonardo da Vinci • Choose three people from this period and explain the impact they had on the Renaissance and world history. Did the actions of these people impact us today? Explain. Use evidence from the sources to support your answer.

Thursday: Read the Excerpt from “Gutenberg and the Printing Revolution in Europe” to build background knowledge about the impact of the printing press during the Renaissance and to prepare for a discussion.

DISCUSS

Thursday: Using what has been learned about Gutenberg’s printing press, conduct a discussion with a parent, sibling, or friend via phone or video conferencing to determine the impact of the printing press on Europe during the Renaissance. Use the Accountable Talk Stems during the discussion. Keep a record of key points of interest from the discussion. Guiding questions for the discussion can include: • Did the invention of the printing press affect the education of people during the Renaissance? • How did the invention of the printing press affect Europeans politically and socially? How and why? • How did the invention of the printing press change communication across Europe during the Renaissance? • Could the Renaissance have been such a period of change without the invention of the printing press? Why or why not? Explain.

PRODUCT

Friday: Using the RACES graphic organizer, write a paragraph answering the following prompt: According to resources, and your knowledge of social studies, explain how significant figures and achievements help drive the Renaissance. Your paragraph should include a claim, evidence and the reasoning behind your claim. (Choice to use CER Graphic Organizer as opposed to RACES)

Screen Free Activity Week 9 The Renaissance - Introduction to the Renaissance

By the 1300s, a lot of people in Europe knew or thought very little about art, literature, and philosophy from ancient Greece and Rome. But that started to change in the 1300s. People were rediscovering and appreciating more and more ancient Greek and Roman works. This began a time period known as the Renaissance, which lasted until the 1600s. “Renaissance” comes from the French word meaning “rebirth,” but the ideas of the Renaissance started in Italy. The Renaissance was the rebirth in Europe of interest in the cultures of ancient Greece and Rome. The Renaissance came after a time period called the Middle Ages.

The Middle Ages is also known as the medieval period, and it began with the fall of the Roman Empire. Throughout the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church and its values were considered to be very important in Europe. Many people focused their lives and thoughts on them. Philosophers thought about Christian theology, or the study of God and Christianity. Many artists made art based on characters or stories from the Bible. People traveled to different churches for religious festivals.

In the late Middle Ages, scholars and teachers began to rediscover the works of some ancient Greek philosophers. They used these works to help present ideas in Christian theology. From the late Middle Ages into the Renaissance, there was an increase of interest in ancient Greek and Roman cultures, which led to people applying ancient Greek and Roman values to their daily life. This led to a movement known as Renaissance humanism. Humanists believed that people were focusing too much on the rules and values taught by the Catholic Church. Many famous Renaissance humanists were religious, but they thought that people should focus more on human thoughts, actions, and achievements.

The ideas of the Renaissance got its start in Italy in the 1300s. Early in the Renaissance period, some important things were happening in Italy and other parts of Europe. More people went to the seas and explored new routes for trading. Some explorers discovered land that Europeans didn’t know about before. An important invention was made in this time, too. In Germany, Johannes Gutenberg invented a printing press that was revolutionary. The Gutenberg printing press allowed for a lot of copies of a book to be printed much more quickly. This invention helped in spreading the ideas of the Renaissance from Italy to other parts of Europe. As people around Europe studied works from ancient Greece and Rome, Renaissance art, literature, and philosophy blossomed. In addition to Johannes Gutenberg, other famous people from the Renaissance include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Ferdinand Magellan, Martin Luther, Galileo Galilei, and William Shakespeare.

Renaissance Introduction Questions

1. According to the text, where did the ideas of the Renaissance start?

a. all over Europe b. in France c. in Italy d. in Germany

2. Based on the text, what was the cause of people applying ancient Greek and Roman values to their daily life? a. Scholars and teachers rediscovered the works of some ancient Greek philosophers. b. More people had an interest in ancient Greek and Roman cultures. c. People were focusing too much on the rules and values taught by the Catholic Church. d. Johannes Gutenberg invented a printing press that helped in spreading the ideas of the Renaissance.

3. Read these sentences from the text.

“Throughout the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church and its values were considered to be very important in Europe. Many people focused their lives and thoughts on them. Philosophers thought about Christian theology, or the study of God and Christianity. Many artists made art based on characters or stories from the Bible. People traveled to different churches for religious festivals.”

Based on this information, what can you conclude about the Roman Catholic Church's values?

a. The Church's value of Christian theology was more important than the Bible. b. The Church's value of the Bible was more important than Christian theology. c. The Church's values included philosophy, art, stories, and travel. d. The Church's values included Christian theology, the Bible, and religious festivals.

4. Based on the text, what might the art or philosophy of Renaissance humanists have focused on? Use evidence from the text to support your answer.

______

Excerpt from “Gutenberg and the Printing Revolution in Europe”

During the Middle Ages in Europe, most people lived in small, isolated villages. If people traveled at all, they typically ventured only a few miles from where they were born. For most people, the only source of both religious and worldly information was the village Catholic priest in the pulpit. News passed from one person to another, often in the form of rumor. Written documents were rare and often doubted by the common people as forgeries. What counted in important matters was oral testimony based on oaths taken in the name of God to tell the truth.

Almost no one could read or write the language they spoke. Those few who were literate usually went on to master Latin. Books, all hand-copied, were rare, expensive, and almost always in Latin. They were so valuable that universities chained them to reading tables. Most people passed their lifetime without ever gazing at a book, a calendar, a map, or written work of any sort. Memory and memorization ruled daily life and learning. Poets, actors, and storytellers relied on rhyming lines to remember vast amounts of material. Craftsmen memorized the secrets of their trades to pass on orally to apprentices. Merchants kept their accounts in their heads.

Scribes, often monks living in monasteries, each labored for up to a year to copy a single book. Specialists or the scribes themselves “illuminated” (painted) large capital letters and the margins of many books with colorful designs and even miniature scenes. These books were beautiful works of art. But they took a long time to make and were very costly.

Less than 50 years after Gutenberg printed the Bible, over 1,000 print shops had sprung up in more than 200 European cities and towns. They turned out more than 10 million copies of books in Latin and other European languages. Books became cheaper in price and available to anyone who could read them. Books were no longer chained in libraries. The spread of knowledge, both factual and not, exploded throughout Europe. Books began to appear for the first time with the author’s name on a title page. This made writers responsible for the content of their books, thus improving their accuracy. It also gave rise to the first copyright laws, protecting authors from having others publish their works without permission.

By the 1400s, the Renaissance had already begun in Italy, and this cultural revival was spreading to other parts of Europe. Scholars wanted more copies of the writings of Aristotle, St. Augustine, Cicero, and other ancient authors recently rediscovered through contact with the Muslim world in the Crusades. The scribes, however, could not work fast enough to meet the demand. Printing presses provided the books in demand more quickly. Works were translated into Latin from Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and other classic languages. These books dealt with many subjects such as literature, the law, philosophy, architecture, and geography. By 1500, Renaissance Venice was Europe’s printing capital with 150 presses at work.

Accountable Talk Stems Clarify Paraphrase ● To be clear, you’re saying that ______• Put another way, you’re saying ______● I don’t know what you mean • So you’re saying that _____ by _____ • Is it fair to say that you believe ______● I don’t understand, could you • I hear you saying that ______tell me more about ______Agree Disagree ● I agree with ____, because ● I see it differently because ______● I respectfully disagree because ______● I like what _____ said, ● I agree that ____, but we also have to because _____ consider that ______● You and I are coming from the same position because ______Elaborate Summarize ● _____ mentioned that… ● So what you are saying is ______● Yes, and furthermore… ● My whole point in one sentence is _____ ● Adding to what _____ said ● More than anything else, I believe that ______● Let’s recap ● I agree, and I want to add that... Connect Expand ● I can connect this to ______● I want to add to what ____ said about __ ● This reminds me of ______● I want to add to ______● I can relate to that because ● I want to go back to what ____ said ______● An example of what _____ said is _____ ● An example of ______is ______

RACES Graphic Organizer Writing Prompt/

Question

R Restate • Did you restate the question in (1 or 2 sentences; combine R and A or the your own words, using words in separate) the prompt? Question • Include background, if needed

A Answer • Does your answer to the the question express a main Question idea/claim (a point you are going to prove)?

C Cite • Did you transition from your “A” Evidence (main idea sentence)? • Is there a “For example,”? • Do you have a direct quote to prove your main idea/claim? Or did you paraphrase a fact from the story? • Did you attribute the quote to the speaker or writer? • Do the details in the quote address the question

E Explain • Does it begin with something like: the This ...shows that... Answer • Does it reuse the (A) main idea and key point from (A) to address what you’re proving? (Best if • Does it answer Why?” and/or two “How?” sentence • Does it use some key words from s) the citation? • Does it explain fully, using “because... “? • Did you make sure all parts connect?

S Sum it up This is your conclusion sentence. Does it...

• Begin with a concluding transition followed with a comma? • Use words that restated the prompt? • Include a “because” statement that recaps what you just “proved”?

CER Graphic Organizer

Screen Free Activity Week 9 Federalism • Background: In the early years of our country, leaders had deep disagreements about how power should be balanced between the states and the national government. Because of this, two political parties emerged - one that favored a strong central government and one that distrusted a strong central government and felt most power should reside with the states. Before the Constitution was ratified, these groups were known as the Federalists and Anti- federalists. A federalism system emerged to create a compromise between the two parties. In the United States, federalism is a type of government in which the power is divided between the national government and the states’ governmental units. Although the federal system seems to strike a perfect balance of power between national and local needs, federations still have internal power struggles. Conflicts between national and state governments are common. In the case of the United States, the argument of state vs. federal power was a major underlying factor that led to the CIVIL WAR. (See the 10th Amendment from the Bill of Rights Lesson).

• Federalism Documents o The Tenth Amendment - gives all powers not specifically given to the United States government in the Constitution, to either the states or to the people (See Table below).

Exclusive federal powers Concurrent powers (Shared Exclusive state powers (Reserved (Delegated Powers) Powers) Powers) Coining money Taxation Conducting elections Regulating interstate and foreign commerce Lawmaking and enforcement Establishing local governments Providing for public safety, health, Regulating the mail Chartering banks and corporations welfare Taking land for public use (eminent Declaring war domain) Maintaining militia Raising armies Establishing courts Ratifying Constitutional amendments Conducting foreign affairs Borrowing money Regulating intrastate commerce

Establishing inferior courts

Establishing rules of naturalization o The Supremacy Clause: Before the Constitution, the United States tried another government that was very weak. It wasn’t able to get much done because states could just ignore all the laws it passed—and they did! The Constitution has some very important language to prevent this: This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof… shall be the supreme law of the land. That means federal laws passed by Congress are supreme—they are superior to state laws. The Founders of our country learned from experience that this was necessary in order for the federal government to keep the power the Constitution gives it. o Today’s Federalism Debate: Just as when the nation was born, many people today are concerned about a powerful federal government. They worry that their freedom will be limited if the federal government makes decisions that should be made by local governments. At the same time, others worry that some issues need one decision that applies to everyone. They believe it isn’t fair when some states do more or less to address a problem than other states do.

• Read and interpret the Federalism documents above and reflect on the following questions. o How does federalism support democracy? o What is the role of state government under federalism? o How does federalism keep government closer to the people? o Is state government necessarily more responsive to the people than the federal government? o What is the difference between state and federal power? • Read/Watch news stories to see if there is a connection between the content of the story and the concept of federalism. o If you follow the news, the concept of federalism is being debated. o What role does the federal, state, and local governments have in managing the current health crisis? o Make a list of federalism examples found in the news. • Interview two adults about their knowledge of federalism. o Are they familiar with federalism? If so, ask them to list and explain some examples. If not, explain the concept of federalism. o How do they see federalism working in our society today? Ask them to explain. o Discuss the connections you made between federalism and current events.

• Write an Essay: Using the sources and your knowledge of social studies, write an essay that evaluates whether the state or federal government should have the most power during a time of national crisis. Support your answer with evidence. o Examples of Crises: natural disasters, economic depression, disease, social upheaval, etc… o Use the Claims, Evidence, and Reasoning (CER) strategy to provide written answers to the prompt. (Refer to the ELA Screen Free Activities section for guidance).