Black Death Was a Plague That Changed Not Only England but the Course of History
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Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Honors College 5-2014 Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789 Kiley Bickford University of Maine - Main Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors Part of the Cultural History Commons Recommended Citation Bickford, Kiley, "Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789" (2014). Honors College. 147. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/147 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NATIONALISM IN THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1789 by Kiley Bickford A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for a Degree with Honors (History) The Honors College University of Maine May 2014 Advisory Committee: Richard Blanke, Professor of History Alexander Grab, Adelaide & Alan Bird Professor of History Angela Haas, Visiting Assistant Professor of History Raymond Pelletier, Associate Professor of French, Emeritus Chris Mares, Director of the Intensive English Institute, Honors College Copyright 2014 by Kiley Bickford All rights reserved. Abstract The French Revolution of 1789 was instrumental in the emergence and growth of modern nationalism, the idea that a state should represent, and serve the interests of, a people, or "nation," that shares a common culture and history and feels as one. But national ideas, often with their source in the otherwise cosmopolitan world of the Enlightenment, were also an important cause of the Revolution itself. The rhetoric and documents of the Revolution demonstrate the importance of national ideas. -
The Evolution of Hospitals from Antiquity to the Renaissance
Acta Theologica Supplementum 7 2005 THE EVOLUTION OF HOSPITALS FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE RENAISSANCE ABSTRACT There is some evidence that a kind of hospital already existed towards the end of the 2nd millennium BC in ancient Mesopotamia. In India the monastic system created by the Buddhist religion led to institutionalised health care facilities as early as the 5th century BC, and with the spread of Buddhism to the east, nursing facilities, the nature and function of which are not known to us, also appeared in Sri Lanka, China and South East Asia. One would expect to find the origin of the hospital in the modern sense of the word in Greece, the birthplace of rational medicine in the 4th century BC, but the Hippocratic doctors paid house-calls, and the temples of Asclepius were vi- sited for incubation sleep and magico-religious treatment. In Roman times the military and slave hospitals were built for a specialised group and not for the public, and were therefore not precursors of the modern hospital. It is to the Christians that one must turn for the origin of the modern hospital. Hospices, originally called xenodochia, ini- tially built to shelter pilgrims and messengers between various bishops, were under Christian control developed into hospitals in the modern sense of the word. In Rome itself, the first hospital was built in the 4th century AD by a wealthy penitent widow, Fabiola. In the early Middle Ages (6th to 10th century), under the influence of the Be- nedictine Order, an infirmary became an established part of every monastery. -
Social Studies - 6 Use Any Resources You Have (Such As the Internet Or Books) to Explore the Topics More Each Week
This year in sixth grade you have been learning about the history of different regions of the world. In your at home learning opportunities you will continue this exploration. Some information may be review and some may be new. Feel free to Social Studies - 6 use any resources you have (such as the internet or books) to explore the topics more each week. Each week will connect to the last as much as possible. The following article is about the historical figure Joan of Arc, or Jeanne D’Arc (1412- 1431), the teenage girl who led the French to victory against the English in the 1400s. As you read, think about how and why is she remembered today? Joan of Arc: France’s Young Tragic Hero Part 1: The Makings of a Hero Joan was born the youngest of a family of five. Her father was a peasant farmer who had little money. She never learned to read or write. Yet in her short lifetime, she became one of history’s most famous people. Joan was born in Domremy, France on January 6, 1412. She was the youngest of five children. As a child, Joan played with other children but also enjoyed being alone. Like other girls, she was "Jeanne d'Arc, victorieuse des anglais, rentre à Orléans et est acclamée par la population" by Jean good at sewing and spinning. Unlike other girls, she claimed to hear “voices.” She said it was the Jacques Scherrer is in the public domain. voice of angels speaking to her, and she also claimed to have seen them. -
Philadelphia and the Southern Elite: Class, Kinship, and Culture in Antebellum America
PHILADELPHIA AND THE SOUTHERN ELITE: CLASS, KINSHIP, AND CULTURE IN ANTEBELLUM AMERICA BY DANIEL KILBRIDE A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1997 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In seeing this dissertation to completion I have accumulated a host of debts and obligation it is now my privilege to acknowledge. In Philadelphia I must thank the staff of the American Philosophical Society library for patiently walking out box after box of Society archives and miscellaneous manuscripts. In particular I must thank Beth Carroll- Horrocks and Rita Dockery in the manuscript room. Roy Goodman in the Library’s reference room provided invaluable assistance in tracking down secondary material and biographical information. Roy is also a matchless authority on college football nicknames. From the Society’s historian, Whitfield Bell, Jr., I received encouragement, suggestions, and great leads. At the Library Company of Philadelphia, Jim Green and Phil Lapansky deserve special thanks for the suggestions and support. Most of the research for this study took place in southern archives where the region’s traditions of hospitality still live on. The staff of the Mississippi Department of Archives and History provided cheerful assistance in my first stages of manuscript research. The staffs of the Filson Club Historical Library in Louisville and the Special Collections room at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond were also accommodating. Special thanks go out to the men and women at the three repositories at which the bulk of my research was conducted: the Special Collections Library at Duke University, the Southern Historical Collection of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and the Virginia Historical Society. -
A Century of Turmoil
356-361-0314s4 10/11/02 4:01 PM Page 356 TERMS & NAMES 4 •Avignon A Century • Great Schism • John Wycliffe • Jan Hus • bubonic plague of Turmoil • Hundred Years’ War MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW • Joan of Arc During the 1300s, Europe was torn apart Events of the 1300s led to a change in by religious strife, the bubonic plague, attitudes toward religion and the state, and the Hundred Years’ War. a change reflected in modern attitudes. SETTING THE STAGE At the turn of the century between the 1200s and 1300s, church and state seemed in good shape, but trouble was brewing. The Church seemed to be thriving. Ideals of fuller political representation seemed to be developing in France and England. However, the 1300s were filled with disasters, both natural and manmade. By the end of the century, the medieval way of life was beginning to disappear. A Church Divided At the beginning of the 1300s, the papacy seemed in some ways still strong. Soon, however, both pope and Church were in desperate trouble. Pope and King Collide The pope in 1300 was an able but stubborn Italian. Pope Boniface VIII attempted to enforce papal authority on kings as previous popes had. When King Philip IV of France asserted his authority over French bishops, Boniface responded with a papal bull (an official document issued by the pope). It stated, “We declare, state, and define that subjection to the Roman Vocabulary Pontiff is absolutely necessary for the salvation of every Pontiff: the pope. human creature.” In short, kings must always obey popes. -
A Brief History of Wine in South Africa Stefan K
European Review - Fall 2014 (in press) A brief history of wine in South Africa Stefan K. Estreicher Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1051, USA Vitis vinifera was first planted in South Africa by the Dutchman Jan van Riebeeck in 1655. The first wine farms, in which the French Huguenots participated – were land grants given by another Dutchman, Simon Van der Stel. He also established (for himself) the Constantia estate. The Constantia wine later became one of the most celebrated wines in the world. The decline of the South African wine industry in the late 1800’s was caused by the combination of natural disasters (mildew, phylloxera) and the consequences of wars and political events in Europe. Despite the reorganization imposed by the KWV cooperative, recovery was slow because of the embargo against the Apartheid regime. Since the 1990s, a large number of new wineries – often, small family operations – have been created. South African wines are now available in many markets. Some of these wines can compete with the best in the world. Stefan K. Estreicher received his PhD in Physics from the University of Zürich. He is currently Paul Whitfield Horn Professor in the Physics Department at Texas Tech University. His biography can be found at http://jupiter.phys.ttu.edu/stefanke. One of his hobbies is the history of wine. He published ‘A Brief History of Wine in Spain’ (European Review 21 (2), 209-239, 2013) and ‘Wine, from Neolithic Times to the 21st Century’ (Algora, New York, 2006). The earliest evidence of wine on the African continent comes from Abydos in Southern Egypt. -
Sample Story, Read Naturally Encore II Sequenced Level
A 14th-Century Disaster Story 21, Tracks 1– 4 proliferated antibiotics Proliferated means increased or spread very Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacteria in a quickly. person's body. epidemics diminished Epidemics are outbreaks of diseases that spread Diminished means made smaller or reduced. across large areas and affect many people. According to urban legend, the children's 276 assumed it was a punishment from God. Many 6 song "Ring Around the Rosy" refers to an illness 284 people, called flagellants, even resorted to 15 called the plague. Specifically, people interpret 290 beating themselves with scourges in order to 21 this song as depicting a disease that produces 297 obtain forgiveness. Unfortunately, flagellants 29 red sores, "ring around the rosy," and results in 301 probably just encouraged the spread of the disease 38 many deaths, "we all fall down." Though we are 309 as they traveled from town to town. 47 uncertain of the true meaning of this song, it does 316 The plague had enormous social, economic, 57 seem to describe some of the symptoms of the 322 religious, and psychological consequences. 66 plague. 326 Morose medieval art and literature demonstrate 67 The most characteristic symptom of the 332 the immense impact the plague had on the people 73 plague is painful, swollen lymph glands. These 341 of this time period. Despite its costs, the plague 80 swollen glands are called buboes, which is why 350 did improve the standard of living and social 88 the most common form of the plague is called the 358 structure. When the plague ended, a surplus of 98 bubonic plague. -
Patterns of Middle and Upper Class Homicide Edward Green
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 70 Article 4 Issue 2 Summer Summer 1979 Patterns of Middle and Upper Class Homicide Edward Green Russell P. Wakefield Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Edward Green, Russell P. Wakefield, Patterns of Middle and Upper Class Homicide, 70 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 172 (1979) This Criminology is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. 9901-4169/79/7002-0172S02.00/0 THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW & CRIMINOLOGY Vol. 70, No. 2 Copyright © 1979 by Northwestern University School of Law Printedin U.S.A. PATTERNS OF MIDDLE AND UPPER CLASS HOMICIDE EDWARD GREEN* AND RUSSELL P. WAKEFIELD" INTRODUCTION 1. Black males from 15 to 30 years of age kill more frequently than any other racial age-sex cate- The study of crime has traditionally focused gory. upon the conventional criminal behavior patterns 2. As many as 64% of offenders and 47% of victims of the lower classes. Not until Sutherland's seminal have prior criminal records. work on white-collar crime did researchers improve 3. From one-half to two-thirds of homicides are the representativeness of the subject matter of crim- unpremeditated crimes of passion arising out of inology by studying the crimes of the rich as well altercations over matters which, from a middle as those of the poor.' This development shows that class perspective, hardly warrant so extreme a predatory crime is not exclusively, necessarily, or response. -
Feudal Contract – Medieval Europe
FEUDAL CONTRACT – MEDIEVAL EUROPE Imagine you are living in Medieval Europe (500 – 1500). Despite the fact that a feudal contract is an unwritten contract, write out a feudal contract. You and a partner will take on the roles of lord and vassal: - You Need to Write Out the Contract: - The lord can have a certain title (i.e. duke/duchess, baron/baroness, or count/countess), and specify what social standing the vassal has (i.e. lower-level knight, peasant, etc.). - In your contract, specify how much acreage in land (fief) will be given to the vassal. - Specify how much military service the vassal will serve, and what kind of fighting they will do (i.e. cavalry, foot soldier…) - How much money will a vassal provide his lord if he is kidnapped, and if there is a ransom? How much will a vassal provide for one of the lord’s children’s weddings? (Specify money in terms of weight and precious metal such as “30 lbs. gold”). - Specify other duties from the readings (Feudalism HW and class handout) that will be done by a lord and vassal (i.e. the lord will give safety and will defend his vassal in court). - List any other duties a lord/vassal will do of your choosing. (i.e. farm a certain crop, make a certain craft) - Define feudalism, fief, knight, vassal, and serfs. - Sign and date your contract at the bottom to make it official, and make sure the date is between the year 500 and 1500. Example: Lord/Vassal Feudal Contract: I am a peasant (name of vassal) and will serve and be the vassal of (name of Lord/Duke). -
Br 1100S, Br 1300S
BR 1100S, BR 1300S PARTS LIST Standard Models After SN1000038925: 56413006(BR 1100S), 56413007(BR 1100S C / w/sweep system), 56413889(OBS / BR 1100S C / w/o sweep system) 56413010(BR 1300S), 56413011(BR 1300S C / w/sweep system), 56413890(OBS / BR 1300S C / w/o sweep system) Obsolete EDS Models: 56413785(BR 1100S EDS), 56413781(BR 1100S C EDS / w/sweep system), 56413782(BR 1300S EDS), 56413783(BR 1300S C EDS / w/sweep system), 56413897(BR 1100S C EDS / w/o sweep system) 56413898(BR 1300S C EDS / w/o sweep system) 5/08 revised 2/11 FORM NO. 56042498 08-5 TABLE OF CONTENTS 10-7 BR 1100S / BR 1300S 1 DESCRIPTION PAGE Chassis System ................................................................................................................................................. 2-3 Decal System ..................................................................................................................................................... 4-5 Drive Wheel System........................................................................................................................................... 6-7 Drive Wheel System (steering assembly) .......................................................................................................... 8-9 Electrical System.............................................................................................................................................10-11 Rear Wheel System ...................................................................................................................................... -
Brief History of the Diocese 1300S
Brief History of the Diocese 1300s ‐ The first to establish settlements in the North Country were t he Iroquois (14th century). 1600s ‐ French, Dutch, and English fur‐traders came; followed shortly after by the French missionaries, Father Issac Joques, S.J. companions who were martyred establishing the first missions among the Five Nations. For a long time the Church of the North Country was served by the Bishops of Quebec because of the intolerance of the English and later the American Rule. The Catholic Church was suspect because of the ties to the English enemy, France. 1752 – The mission of The Holy Trinity at La Presentation Fort (Ogdensburg) was established May 29, 1952. 1808 – Established as part of the Diocese of New York. 1847 – Established as part of the Diocese of Albany. 1872 ‐ The Diocese of Ogdensburg was acknowledged on February 16, 1872 by Pope Pius IX, “We, with definite knowledge, mature deliberation, and by our Apostolic Authority, in virtue of the present document, separate and sever from the Diocese of Albany, the following territory – the counties of St. Lawrence, Franklin, Clinton, Jefferson, Lewis and Essex, together with part of the counties of Herkimer and Hamilton which lies above the northern line of the townships of Ohio and Russia; and this same territory we erect and constitute as a true and properly called diocese.” Ref. A History of Catholicism in the North Country by Sister Mary Christine Taylor, S.S.J., Ph.D. (1972) ♦ First Bishop Edgar P. Wadhams, D.D May 5, 1872 – December 5, 1891 Former Vicar General of Albany, NY Born – Lewis, NY 1817 As the first Bishop of the Diocese of Ogdensburg Bishop Wadhams built more than 25 churches, St. -
Domar Source: the Journal of Economic History, Vol
Economic History Association The Causes of Slavery or Serfdom: A Hypothesis Author(s): Evsey D. Domar Source: The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 30, No. 1, The Tasks of Economic History (Mar., 1970), pp. 18-32 Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Economic History Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2116721 Accessed: 18-09-2015 10:24 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Cambridge University Press and Economic History Association are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Economic History. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 129.199.207.113 on Fri, 18 Sep 2015 10:24:51 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions The Causes of Slaveryor Serfdom: A Hypothesis I THE purposeof thispaper is to present,or morecorrectly, to revive,a hypothesisregarding the causes of agriculturalserf- dom or slavery (used here interchangeably).The hypothesiswas suggestedby Kliuchevsky'sdescription of the Russian experience in the sixteenthand seventeenthcenturies, but it aims at a wider applicability.' Accordingto Kliuchevsky,from about the second half of the fif- teenthcentury Russia was engaged in long hard wars against her westernand southernneighbors.