Because, my presentation I wrote an essay translated it in "a universal language" Esperanto using translator Google and back in the English other translator online use. Unfortunately I don't know the immensely complicating grammar “an endless derivative suffixes" and of the fnnish one, with your vast modifcations to verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives and numerals, dependently of their parts in the sentence. Instead I am it sorry that that lecture has been displayed in the English one, keeping only not my own monolingual ones accomplished but also the conventions of the current global capital and the metonymic a sphere of art a discourse. of mine an interest on Esperanto, possibly the most successful constructed language hasn't only been derived with internationalist driving and a sympathy to a contingent still universal communication nor merely a joke about my own difficulties with a language a acquisition but also because the passed November I married to Polish artist *Izabela *Tarasewicz in its bialystok, the origin of *Esperanto. the, *home city Esperanto *Ludwik *Lazarus *Zamenhof's creator once wrote in a letter about that odd town in far !northeast poland: "the place where I borned and spent my childhood gave the direction to all my being meanings. In bialystok, the population consists from four various elements of those elements Russians, Poles, Germans and Jews; all speak a particular language and gazed on all the others as enemies. In such a town sensitive, a nature feels more sharply than elsewhere the misery incited by a language a division and convinced at each measure the diversity of languages is the frst or at least most affecting a basis for the rift the human family into groups enemies. I was educated as an idealist, one me taught All people are brothers outside on the street at each and a measure I felt was non-people only Russians, Poles, Germans Jews etcetera. that was an always large torment to my child mind though many possibly will smile about this "pain for the world" at a child. From that time, I thought 'grown-ups' it was an almighty one !so I often told myself that when I grew I essentially would remove this evil." Except the Yiddish-talking jewish majority, the population of *Bialystok when it was part of Russian *Partition, were formed by Polish and Belarussians, with more little groups of Russians, Germans, Lipka tatars, Lithuanians, Gypsies, Ukrainians and others. *Zamenhof was afflicted and *frustrated by the many quarrels between those groups. He took it that the main reason for the hatred and bias lay in the mutual misapprehension caused by the lack of one common language. If such a language was, as Zamenhof postulated, could play the role !of a neutral media between persons of different ethnic and linguistic backdrops,. Currently, bialystok is considerably less diverse and has most often been visited by Esperanto - tourists who come in a pilgrimage from a whole one the world to see the places and contexts their auxiliary language derived by. My new family speaks Polish above last some years only and even not my wife to win some skill in the English one. One of her two sisters also speaks relatively good but in order for me to convey with my inlaws I was sentenced to the learning the Polish one. Only not that my mother inlaw even not to speak prefer in belarusian -Polish dialect. I suggested much-sometimes to my new family that all of us had to jump changing our tongues to to accomodate it mutually and to fnd appropriate Middleman what of course would be Esperanto, the local language, with universal !possibilities. I myself struggled with a language of mine all life. As identical twin my brother and I was a part of 50 percent of the twins who practised *Cryptophasia and at a young age a language only two of us could understand consisting of a onomatopoeic phrases, some neologisms, but for the bigger stake of words from the English adapted to some young children's pressed phonological possibilities. Contrasted to my brother, I was to hear difficulties when I was young and developed an immensely pronounced speaking impediment. Even to my family, my brother often needed to translate for me. I went through a speaking a therapy of mine all a childhood but tracks remain which you can easily hears when I say words containing the R Letter. I really wish we could remember our own language such as the by the way ones have but died of our practice in the English one. Samely as many Americans, I read a Spanish at school but elementary never reached a complete competence. To worsen, at high school I turned to a Mandarin Chinese one. A few ones possibly think it is a rare one but one must notice that in the town I rose in *Seattle there are substantial populations of Asia's peoples but also the infuence of the technological industry justifed the need for the public schools to teach the only most spoken language in the world and the awaited language of an industry at the future. Tough I study the language for 5 years, I neglected my studies such as any other high school *stoner and only reached the level of, speaking, writing, reading and a comprehension, in, the best the 7 year old. Tis could be funny for Europeans to regard but a Pole is surely thousand-foldly more difficult for me learning than the Chinese how I never really heard it before and it has often been classifed a bit above Ugric Languages such as yours, Estonian and Hungarian, such as the most difficult language to learn, and a master. A Polish has seven cases, Seven sexes, a very tough pronunciation. Te letter 2 have 17 different !varyings. Mistranslation it can have awfully implications. Tere is (false) an urban legend about napoleon it stood above lots of prisoners. Teir men asked what to have and napoleon coughed it said something about it and all prisoners were killed. Apparently, the words "Ma sacrée toux!" (its diabolical cough!) sounded a lot like "Massacrez tout!" (Kill them all!). Exist (possibly overstated or formed) historic records about a battle during the *Austro-Turkish war which took place in *Karansebes. the details are too much to describe in that example but the a re-cap version is the uncapability of the soldiers to understand its supreme 's language led to one of the most disastrous and tragic friendly fre developments in the military history which ensued in the near-complete annihilation of the armed Austrian force erected there. Tat are a clear example of as poor communication can spell the doom of the !whole militaries. In 1973, American President Jimmy Carter traveled to Poland keep frst of United States-ever informational talk in communist land. Carter was talking through freelance translator that barely talked Polish. Te mistakes of the guy started early on and never left up: When Carter opened with "me left United States this morning," it got translated to, "I left United States, never return." When he said, "I came to learn your opinions and understand your desires for the future," it was translated in, "I want the Poles carnally." Te interpreter done causes even more confusing of using archaic words and Russian syntax and while he was at it, he did funny of the Polish constitution, also. So that guy was fred and new translator was hired for state banquet the next night. Carter delivered the frst line of his talk, paused for the translator… and heard nothing. Carter said the next line, paused over and over was silence. Apparently Translator No. 2 were having the contrary problem – he could not understand English of Carter – and so he decided silence was the best choice, forcing own translator of the Polish leader intervene and seize the loose. Tose versed in sign language that looked at the monument for Nelson Mandela saw that something weird were maintaining: the man was fake; he was doing up his own signs; he was fapping his hands approximately, but was any meaning in it. Te man, was qualifed interpreter that laid his behaviour down to sudden attack of schizophrenia, since that he takes medicine: he was hearing voices and hallucinating. I would like to think that his no-talked glossolalia mark ushering in of new form of communication, semaphore outside linguistics, universal talk without talk, gesture to !general gestural gesticulation. When *Zamenhof frst unrolled the language he used the pseudonym " Doctor Esperanto ". *Zamenhof initially called his language " Language International " (international language) , but those who learnt it started to call it Esperanto after his pseudonym, and that soon became the official name for the language , what means " that who hopes" . It was surely the most successful from hundred or that much universal languages invented in the nineteenth century, and in his peak, it had that much, as far as two millions of speakers , and produced his own rich literature, that covers more than ffteen thousand books. Esperanto is largely based on the lexicons of several governing European languages, alphabetic language characterised by pupil -cordial phonology and relatively simple syntax and morphology . Two world wars and the rise of the global English punched irreparable hole in the esperantists ' dream of create universal language. As each other attempt for destroy the tragedy of Babel , Esperanto was ultimately fopped. And even so, of some ratings , Esperanto yet has more speakers than thousands languages talked in the world today, included approximately thousand inherent speakers (between them George Soros ) , that learnt it as his frst language . English emerged as a world language after the Second World war. Tat role of English as actual international lingua franca were criticised as ' linguistic imperialism , risking the animation and evolution of many local languages in former anglo-American settlements , chiefy in Africa and Asia , and served as actual gatekeeper for elites across the world. During proper for me , English is the vehicle from the most horrible propaganda machine that was impregnated of the man. Te hegemonic infuence of English is disclosed in number of domains of language use , that goes of international transaction to academic talks , of advertising to linguistic education. For resist the hegemony of the phenomenal expansion of English as global , some scholars appeal and promote the usage of Esperanto , its sociolinguistic appeal reclines chiefy in the fact that, rather with English, it is no ones parental language , and so none user of Esperanto would feel opposed when communicate with other guy esperantists , and can be fully dominated in less than 10 % of the time the folk must dedicate to the gain of second language. One must recall , that our most popular languages ( mandarin , Arabic , French , Russian, Hindi and Spanish , for instance ) are commonly talked mostly as minor auxiliary languages. One must also recall , that English self is the result of hybridizations and mispronunciations from German, Dutch, French, Latin and gaelic . One must remember , that the formalization of language was nationalist !draft, by means of dividing populations for design dictionaries. Languages are a bit of salad. Tey evolve above centuries through unscheduled , democratic process that abandons them swarm irregularities, whims, and words as " knight ". None who moved for design form of communication will end with something as English, mandarin , or any of the more than six thousand languages talked today. Each language has his own phonemic inventory, or library of sounds, from that speaker can string together words. Each individual language does at least one better than each other language. For instance , the Australian aboriginal language *Guugu *Yimithirr do not use egocentric coordinates as "left", "right ", "in front " or "behind ". Instead speakers use only the cardinal directions. Tey do not have left-hand and right legs but north and south legs, that became the east and the occident legs on turning ninety grades. Between the Wakashan Indians of the Pacifc Northwest, a grammatically correct phrase can not be formed without supply what linguists refer to as “evidentiality," infecting the verb for point whether you are talking of direct experience, inference , speculation , or rumour . What if here were one alone language that combined the cold attributes of all world languages ? Like this the culture of conlangs , enthusiasts of constructed language , developed to build languages that would can more exactly describe human experiences .Language creation chased by folks that that much loves !what language fts to do that they hate what no. Te frst entirely artifcial language of any record survive Lingua Ignota , was created by the twelfth century the German nun and mystic *Hildegard *von *Bingen , using it for some form of mystic communion . Everything, what stay of her language is short step and dictionary from thousand and twelve words listed in hierarchical order, from the most important ( *Aigonz , God) to the most little ( *Cauiz , cricket ) . More than nine hundred languages were invented since the Lingua Ignota , and almost all they bite . Te history of invented languages are, mostly , history of failure . In the ten-seventh century , European philosophers as Francis *Bacon , *René *Descartes , and *Gottfried *Leibniz were attracted by means of the modes in that the natural languages blurred human thought, and wondered if artifcial substitute would can more exactly seize the real essence of the causes. In the prior century , jesuit missionary returned the frst fundamental accounts of the Chinese language, and many philosophers were taken by means of the notion , that his characters meant conceptions instead of sounds, and that alone *ideogram could have the same meaning to folks everywhere East Asia , despite sounding entirely different in each language. What if, they wondered , you could create universal written language that could be understood by means of each , set of "actual characters ", correctly as the creation of Arab fgures were done for describe numbers? "Tis script will be kind of general algebra and calculation of the !reason , so that, instead of talk, we can say , that ' we count : " *Leibniz wrote. In 1653 book of Sir Tomas Urquhart , *Logopandecteision , he descriptive plans for the creation of artifcial language a bit remind the always stood taxonomical structures of other philosophical languages.. He promised twelve parts of word : each declinable in eleven cases , four numbers , eleven genders (included of god , goddess , man , woman , creatures , etc. ); and *conjugable in eleven verb tenses , seven moods , and four voices. He goes on do other promises no like this easily accomplished : that " here is any language in the world, but for each word, it , it pay to you another from the same meaning , of equal syllables with it , and starting or suffix , or both, with vowels or consonants as conducted "; that "in translation of verses of any *vernaculary tongue , as Italian, French , Spanish, *Slavonian , Dutch, Irish, English, or whatever it be , it supplies to you the same meaning , syllable for syllable , and in the closing of each line a *Rime , as in the original "; that any number, of some magnitude , whatever , can be expressed in this language by means of individual word , actually that much briefy , that the number of sand - cereals required for fll the Ground and the Sky would be expressible by means of two letters ; and maybe most extraordinarily, that his language will translate some tongue in any other language, without any deterioration of the literal sense , but fully represented the intention. John *Wilkins spent a laid taxonomic tree, that was consigned for represent rational certifcation of each conception , stuff, and action in the universe. Each branch beside the tree corresponded to letter or syllable , so that assembly word was simply question of tracing set of *forking members, until one would believe arrived on distant *tendril representing the conception that you wanted to express. For instance , in *Wilkins system , De mean element , *Deb is fre , and *Debα is fame. Although it disappeared after in a nutshell harvesting the stand of numerous scholars , that was predecessor of the frst modern thesaurus . By means of the nineteenth century , the dream of building philosophical language capable express universal truths was given way to the equally ambitious desire combine the world by means of simple, easily learned, politically neutral , helpful language. *Solresol , the creation of French musician Jean - *François *Sudre , were between the frst from those universal languages win popular attention. It had only seven syllables : So , *Re, I , Shameful , So , Te, and Himself . Words could be sung , or interpreted on violin. Either, because the language could also be translated in the seven !colours of the rainbow , phrases could be knitted in textile as torrent of colours. ! Ranking between the top four most heavily used International auxiliary languages ( after Esperanto , *klingon and maybe Ido, simplifed Esperanto), *Interlingua is modern version of the Latin, developed by the International Helpful Language Association ( IALA ) . His vocabulary, grammatical and other characteristics are derived by natural languages. Interlingua were unrolled for combine simple, mostly regular grammar with vocabulary mutual to the broadest possible range of languages, doing it extraordinarily easily learned , at least for those , whose parental language was the sources of interlingua the vocabulary and grammar. *Interlingua objective procedure is used for extract and standardise the most spread word or words for conception found in set of check languages : English , French , Italian , Spanish and Portuguese, with German and Russian as minor references. Te expansive movements of science , technique, business , diplomacy , and the arts , combined with the historic domination of Greek and Latin languages caused big mutual vocabulary between European languages. Words of any language are capable for inclusion, that much long how their internationality are showed by means of his presence in that check languages. Terefore , *Interlingua include such various word forms as Japanese *geisha and *samurai , Arab *califa , and Finnish sauna . Cite the *Alien *Kang from the Simpson caricature : " No, actually I talk *Rigellian . By means of surprising accident our two languages are accurately !the same ! " In J.R.R. *Tolkein;s A secret Vice, he handled constructed languages widely, and the relation of mythology to his language . *Tolkien contrast international auxiliary languages with artistic languages built for aesthetic pleasure . *Tolkien also discuss *phonaesthetics , citing Greek, Finnish, and Welsh as samples of " languages, that has very distinctive and in their different modes nice word- form" . One from the most commonly cited passages in context where *Tolkien report as him accidentally met guy language inventor in the army:" Te man beside me, said sharply in romantic voice : " Yes , I think that I must express the accusative case by means of prefx ! " *Tolkein backed that he created the " Gentleman of the Rings " trilogy for the basic target of giving his invented languages , *Quenya , *Sindarin , and *Khuzdûl , universe in that one could talk . Te website *Langmaker.com *lists more than 1.000 language inventors and 1.902 such coined languages, from ` *Ayvárith to *Zyem . Te realisation of invented languages were dissipated in part of their use in science -fction , like klingon, and their use in popular flms , as *Ku , fctitious "African " language talked by Nicole *Kidman in 2005 the flm "*Te *Interpreter . " It is a bit sad , that we observe coin languages during many from the world separate dialects keep die . As Esperanto , many constructed languages operate with biggest target, bid the creation of what human creatures, left to his thoughts , never will create naturally, but rather only by means of conscious intellectual effort: *an idealised language whose target is the highest possible grade of logic , efficiency , meticulously and exactly in cognitive expression through talked human language , while sparing the ambiguity , cloudiness , *illogic , redundancy , , polysemy (multiple meanings ) and entire arbitrariness that is apparently general in natural human language, language capable seize almost each thought , that human creature could have, while they do like this in that much few sounds , as maybe. Many *conlanging drafts start by means of simple premise that attack the inherited conventions of linguistics in some new mode . *Aeo use only vowels. Kē*len have no verbs . *Toki pona, a language inspired by taoíst ideals , were designed for test how much simple language can be. It has only hundred twenty-three words and fourteen basic sound units. *Brithenig is answer to the question about that, what English maybe it sounded as as Romance language, if popular Latin wasn’t vulgarized in the British !Islands. As *Wittgenstein laid it: " Te limits of my language mean the limits of my world " . Te *Sapir - *Whorf hypothesis argues that the language we talk actually forms, form our experience of actuality and are commonly referred to as the ' prison ' sight of language. Sociologist and *science- fction writer James *Cooke Brown decided he test the *Sapir - *Whorf hypothesis creating " culturally neutral" "model language" , that maybe recondition its speakers ' brains . Brown based the grammar for his ten - thousand - word language, called *Loglan - abbreviation of " logical language ", about the rules of the formal preached logic used by analytical philosophers. He hoped, that, by means of training research themes for talk *Loglan , he maybe push them more logical thinking . Brown borrowed vocabulary of English, French, German, Chinese, Hindi, Spanish , Russian and Japanese - the eight most heavily talked languages at the time. *Loglan were designed for be free of irregularity and ambiguity . He covered words for the mathematical Boolean variables as "and ", "or inclusive " and "either exclusive" encourage clear, logical thinking. If we could alter our mode think for alter as far as we talk, then the militant possibility existed of create new human provision. Exist attempts for back the claim, that the separate language we talk infuences as us perceive the world. for instance , speakers of *gendered languages, as Spanish, in that all nouns are either masculine or feminine , actually seem to think targets differently depending of do the language addresses them as masculine or feminine ; those conceptual differences backed even when they learn second , non- *gendered language, as English. At least , if ours thoughts are detained by language, as *Sapir - *Whorf suggest, then the alone wise course of activity are build *roomier , more splendid prison cell with all services prisoner maybe could want - new language that could mean new modes of thinking. You can do words by means of the millions describe conceptions , that never existed in any language before. Other attempt to bid the *Sapir - *Whorf hypothesis is *Laadan , feminist language evolving in the early nineteen - eighties who was built specifcally for subvert *patriachical talk and determine if development of language intends to express the opinions of women shape culture . It includes words as *radíidin , defned as " non- holiday , era presumably holiday but actually like this was burden , because of work and preparations that it is dreadful occasion ; specially when are too much guests and none from them helped. " Created by the sci-f writer *Suzette Haden *Elgin , *Laadan relate to the *écriture feminine of *Hélène *Cixous , where the writer claimed, that" Woman must write her self : maybe write about women and bring !women to writing, from that they were kidnapped as violently as from their bodies. " While those constructed languages was form for free human talk , a lot of the most of conlangs were unrolled for non- human communication. If the *conlang are be language for *nonhumans , the *conlanger also must consider his biology - if speakers lack teeth or vocal cords , the language is sounds will be forced accordingly . Te *conlanger must then think the grammar. For instance , do the word order would be subject- verb - object, as in English, or maybe object - subject- verb , following the sample of *Yoda ? Exist rules for this game. Human languages, natlangs, follow universal linguistic templates. For instance , very few human languages use the raspberry sound, but all have " *ah " sound. Create new *natlang , the *conlanger also must follow those rules. Naturally , exist occasions , when one does not want to follow the rules. In creation *klingon for " *Star *Trek " ( maybe the most popular conlang ) inventor of Marc *Okrand looked at all from those kinds of rules and then raped them on purpose . He chose the rarest from grammatical structures, object - verb - subject. A *Klingon would say , " Te *Enterprise boarded I. " And *Okrand on purpose chose sounds that never be found together in the same human language. Near friend of the mine , the Dutch artist Flowered *Schoenfeld , involved with *Okrand for produce the world frst *Klingon opera , tradition suggests , but never showed in the *Star *Trek *saga. For do that, they no only had to draft *Gilgamesh-like epic in *opera form, but also had to develop old version of the *klingon language by means of that the story would be carried . Tey presented it repeatedly , most especially to annual encounter of *klingon speakers, that !confrmed its " authenticity " In Robert *Heinlein’s scif * novella " Gulf " he describes secret society of genius called the New Men that trains himself for think more quickly and correctly use language called *Speedtalk , that fts *condensed whole phrases in individual words . Using his efficient language for communicate , the New Men plot take over the world. Alike justifcation can see in *Dutton *Speedwords , occasionally called *rapmotz , international helpful language like this shorthand writing . Design of after shorthand methods and exploration in Esperanto , Reginald JG *Dutton wanted to unite write and talk about universal and far competent language. Key to this *conlang is the maximum that commonly used words must be shorter than rarely used words for accelerate communication , therefore the most used words became only letters / syllables and the language grows more complex of here. *Derrida in his genital "Of *Grammatology " describe as writing are long considered as just derivative form of talk , thus as " fall " of the "full presence " of word . *Dutton method erases such binary opposition and of uniting talk and typing, *Dutton Te work expected the technological and social motions in the ways communication is genuinely experienced today. Te psychic is the message, as *McLuhan said. Very little attention was paid to the fact that *Zamenhof pro was no in linguistics, but about ophthalmology, the study of the eye. In future text, I would like to research that relation , how the target for perfect vision !coordinates with the justifcation to universal communication. Conlangs have the potentiality of connecting no only folks , but also his machines. Robot Interaction Language or ROILA was evolving because of the need for united language for folks talk for robots. Te conlang effected researches about the skill of robots for recognise and interpret natural languages. Tey stripped that natural languages can be very confused for robots interpret occasionally , because of elements as *homophones and *verb tenses. It was designed because modern word - recognition programming - as all, that bid to use Voice Check in the *iPhone or alike software - are not refned suffice for understand the nuances of the most human languages , as the irregular verb tenses and *contextual deviations in mean . Based on that exploration, the team moved for create genetic algorithm that would generate artifcial vocabulary in mode that would be easily for human pronounciation. Te algorithm uses the most mutual phonemes from the most popular natural languages and created easy pronounce words. ROILA was designed for have regular grammar without exceptions to nothing . All rules apply to all words in part of word. Te team took the results of this algorithm and formed the ROILA vocabulary . ROILA sounds as Dutch, English and the African *lexica gathered in a kind of Esperanto - *esque *mashup . Sample: *Biwu *wekepo !*buse *kulil *bubas ? (What colour is the museum ? ) . Te last language I would like to mention were far ephemeral *Kalusa , cooperative and corpus - dissipated, unscheduled conlang . It basically is natural artifcial language that unrolled in the course of two years through distributed , anonymous contribution process. It started by means of 4 simple phrases and their English translations and rose above 4.200 core phrases as users interpreted and misinterpreted the phrases and added own dictionaries . For instance , here was permanent competition between compete structures and lexical items. Te grammar was not set, somehow , but were in state of permanent fow . My most favourite phrase , number 587, are *Ma *dun *gada *lok *mung *Kia *kauno , or " I *I trod in dog excrement . " One from the interesting causes about *Kalusa are that, in mode , it is naturally evolving language , alike in number of modes *pidgin . A *pidgin develops in contact situation where number of languages is talked members of #various community, and need communicate develop . Usually, none has the time for learn each other language ( especially if are four or fve from them), and none can take time for learn alone language. As result, *pidgin emerge : *kompromisa language that borrows many words from one from the languages and the grammar of many from the others. Are necessarily simple than some from the languages that affected it, and work to no have fxed grammatical structure. Instead , are vying structures and competing lexical items. Trough the time , these languages establish and become what are known as creoles , that operates likewise as other natural !languages that do . Seem that , despite the attempts circumscribing language until cell cell , communication is inherent determined by misunderstanding , actually , misunderstanding instead of functional communication is exactly as it evolve . As William S. *Burroughs I believe that " ' word and image locks ' and ' association blocks ' lock the mind to conventional masters of thinking , talking , acting , and noticed that . " ' Language practises restrictions and checks above the minds of it is very existence and function. He believed that the aptitude for think and create were confned by the conventions of grammar and usage . For instance , most many folks do not have trouble seizing the notion about " kitchen sink ," but " sinking kitchen " gives the majority of us pause . Most words and phrases in our inherent language are irreversibly bound to the conception they represent. What comes to the mind when I say black cat. I bet that was not white horse. I any more suggest , that were not deep color boat, one *dominatrix the whip , or African - American jazz musician. But everything is possibilities. *Burroughs thought that ultimately , such associations will be able to lead to complete thought check, confning the mind the skill in free associate. All opportunities would be explained by means of existent words in expected templates. Language is virus , as he liked to say . But I want to suggest that instead of produce perfectly precise chart of the world , the practice of building language are homeopathic exercise , resource inducing generalise harmful symptoms like this cure the disease of communication. By means of produce new associations and terms we dissipate the status and stability of the language , we *unhinge it from place , *referent and meaning and create new , infections , forms of relation.