A Concise Tabulation of the Cornovian Dialect
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UTOPIAN for BEGINNERS an Amateur Linguist Loses Control of the Language He Invented
ANNALS OF LINGUISTICS DECEMBER 24 & 31, 2012 IUE UTOPIAN FOR BEGINNERS An amateur linguist loses control of the language he invented. By Joshua Foer Quijada’s invented language has two seemingly incompatible ambitions: to be maximally precise but also maximally concise. here are so many ways for speakers of English to see the world. We can T glimpse, glance, visualize, view, look, spy, or ogle. Stare, gawk, or gape. Peek, watch, or scrutinize. Each word suggests some subtly different quality: looking implies volition; spying suggests furtiveness; gawking carries an element of social judgment and a sense of surprise. When we try to describe an act of vision, we consider a constellation of available meanings. But if thoughts and words exist on different planes, then expression must always be an act of compromise. Languages are something of a mess. They evolve over centuries through an unplanned, democratic process that leaves them teeming with irregularities, quirks, and words like “knight.” No one who set out to design a form of communication would ever end up with anything like English, Mandarin, or any of the more than six thousand languages spoken today. “Natural languages are adequate, but that doesn’t mean they’re optimal,” John Quijada, a fty-three-year-old former employee of the California State Department of Motor Vehicles, told me. In 2004, he published a monograph on the Internet that was titled “Ithkuil: A Philosophical Design for a Hypothetical Language.” Written like a linguistics textbook, the fourteen-page Web site ran to almost a hundred and sixty thousand words. It documented the grammar, syntax, and lexicon of a language that Quijada had spent three decades inventing in his spare time. -
Multilingual Facilitation
Multilingual Facilitation Honoring the career of Jack Rueter Mika Hämäläinen, Niko Partanen and Khalid Alnajjar (eds.) Multilingual Facilitation This book has been authored for Jack Rueter in honor of his 60th birthday. Mika Hämäläinen, Niko Partanen and Khalid Alnajjar (eds.) All papers accepted to appear in this book have undergone a rigorous peer review to ensure high scientific quality. The call for papers has been open to anyone interested. We have accepted submissions in any language that Jack Rueter speaks. Hämäläinen, M., Partanen N., & Alnajjar K. (eds.) (2021) Multilingual Facilitation. University of Helsinki Library. ISBN (print) 979-871-33-6227-0 (Independently published) ISBN (electronic) 978-951-51-5025-7 (University of Helsinki Library) DOI: https://doi.org/10.31885/9789515150257 The contents of this book have been published under the CC BY 4.0 license1. 1 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Tabula Gratulatoria Jack Rueter has been in an important figure in our academic lives and we would like to congratulate him on his 60th birthday. Mika Hämäläinen, University of Helsinki Niko Partanen, University of Helsinki Khalid Alnajjar, University of Helsinki Alexandra Kellner, Valtioneuvoston kanslia Anssi Yli-Jyrä, University of Helsinki Cornelius Hasselblatt Elena Skribnik, LMU München Eric & Joel Rueter Heidi Jauhiainen, University of Helsinki Helene Sterr Henry Ivan Rueter Irma Reijonen, Kansalliskirjasto Janne Saarikivi, Helsingin yliopisto Jeremy Bradley, University of Vienna Jörg Tiedemann, University of Helsinki Joshua Wilbur, Tartu Ülikool Juha Kuokkala, Helsingin yliopisto Jukka Mettovaara, Oulun yliopisto Jussi-Pekka Hakkarainen, Kansalliskirjasto Jussi Ylikoski, University of Oulu Kaisla Kaheinen, Helsingin yliopisto Karina Lukin, University of Helsinki Larry Rueter LI Līvõd institūt Lotta Jalava, Kotimaisten kielten keskus Mans Hulden, University of Colorado Marcus & Jackie James Mari Siiroinen, Helsingin yliopisto Marja Lappalainen, M. -
Words Denoting Pea (Pisum Sativum) in Constructed Languages
PISUM GENETICS 2010-VOLUME 42 BRIEF COMMUNICATION Words denoting pea (Pisum sativum) in constructed languages Mikic, A.1, institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Ignjatovic-Cupina, A.2 2University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia and Cupina, B.1 Introduction and Aim It is no wonder that the words denoting pea (Pisum sativum L.), one of the most ancient crops, are present in both extinct and living languages of the Old World, especially in Europe, Asia Minor, Near East and Central and northeast Asia. In many cases, the words denoting pea retained their original form and meaning, despite a millennia-long period between proto-languages and their modern descendants (1). The term constructed language refers to the one not evolving naturally but being consciously invented for a specific purpose. The most numerous among these are auxiliary languages, made with a primary goal of enhancing the communication between people not sharing a common native language. Their development reached its peak in the mid-20th century with Esperanto. in addition to auxiliary languages, there are other sorts of constructed languages. Among them are artistic and alternative languages. The former comprise fictional languages that are used in literature while the latter represent languages that could have existed if historical events had been different. This research was aimed at collecting the words denoting pea in major constructed languages. Materials and Methods The words denoting pea were collected from all available printed and electronic dictionaries of major constructed languages and other related relevant resources. The origin of these words was investigated and assessed after they were grouped. -
In 2018 Linguapax Review
linguapax review6 62018 Languages, Worlds and Action Llengües, mons i acció Linguapax Review 2018 Languages, Worlds and Actions Llengües, mons i acció Editat per: Amb el suport de: Generalitat de Catalunya Departament de Cultura Generalitat de Catalunya Departament d’Acció Exterior Relacions Institucionals i Transparència Secretaria d’Acció Exterior i de la Unió Europea Coordinació editorial: Alícia Fuentes Calle Disseny i maquetació: Maria Cabrera Callís Traduccions: Marc Alba / Violeta Roca Font Aquesta obra està subjecta a una llicència de Reconeixement-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional de Creative Commons CONTENTS - CONTINGUTS Introduction. Languages, Worlds and action. Alícia Fuentes-Calle 5 Introducció. Llengües, mons i acció. Alícia Fuentes-Calle Túumben Maaya K’aay: De-stigmatising Maya Language in the 14 Yucatan Region Genner Llanes-Ortiz Túumben Maaya K’aay: desestigmatitzant la llengua maia a la regió del Yucatán. Genner Llanes-Ortiz Into the Heimat. Transcultural theatre. Sonia Antinori 37 En el Heimat. Teatre transcultural. Sonia Antinori Sustaining multimodal diversity: Narrative practices from the 64 Central Australian deserts. Jennifer Green La preservació de la diversitat multimodal: els costums narratius dels deserts d’Austràlia central. Jennifer Green A new era in the history of language invention. Jan van Steenbergen 101 Una nova era en la història de la invenció de llengües. Jan van Steenbergen Tribalingual, a startup for endangered languages. Inky Gibbens 183 Tribalingual, una start-up per a llengües amenaçades. Inky Gibbens The Web Alternative, Dimensions of Literacy, and Newer Prospects 200 for African Languages in Today’s World. Kọ́lá Túbọ̀sún L’alternativa web, els aspectes de l’alfabetització i les perspectives més recents de les llengües africanes en el món actual. -
Trabajo De Fin De Grado Tiene Como Principal Objetivo Establecer Un Estado De La Cuestión Del Fenómeno Tan Actual De La Creación De Lenguas
Facultad Filosofía y Letras TRABAJO FIN DE GRADO Grado de Español: Lengua y Literatura Las técnicas del conlanging. Un capítulo sobre la lingüística aplicada a la creación de lenguas Presentado por D.ª Irene Mata Garrido Tutelado por Prof. Dr. D. José Manuel Fradejas Rueda Índice 1 Introducción .......................................................................................................... 2 2 Esbozo histórico del fenómeno de la invención de lenguas ............................... 4 3 Intento de clasificación de las lenguas artificiales ............................................. 10 4 ¿Cómo crear una lengua? .................................................................................... 13 5 El fenómeno de la invención de lenguas y su dimensión social y artística en la actualidad .......................................................................................................... 21 6 Conclusiones .......................................................................................................... 26 7 Bibliografía ............................................................................................................ 28 8 Apéndice I: recopilación de las lenguas artificiales ........................................... 30 9 Apéndice II: casos de cambios de acento de los actores .................................... 45 1 1 Introducción Los límites de mi lengua son los límites de mi mente. Ludwig Wittgenstein El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado tiene como principal objetivo establecer un estado de la cuestión -
Conlangs Translate-2
Because, my presentation I wrote an essay translated it in "a universal language" Esperanto using translator Google and back in the English other translator online use. Unfortunately I don't know the immensely complicating grammar “an endless derivative suffixes" and of the fnnish one, with your vast modifcations to verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives and numerals, dependently of their parts in the sentence. Instead I am it sorry that that lecture has been displayed in the English one, keeping only not my own monolingual ones accomplished but also the conventions of the current global capital and the metonymic a sphere of art a discourse. of mine an interest on Esperanto, possibly the most successful constructed language hasn't only been derived with internationalist driving and a sympathy to a contingent still universal communication nor merely a joke about my own difficulties with a language a acquisition but also because the passed November I married to Polish artist *Izabela *Tarasewicz in its bialystok, the origin of *Esperanto. the, *home city Esperanto *Ludwik *Lazarus *Zamenhof's creator once wrote in a letter about that odd town in far !northeast poland: "the place where I borned and spent my childhood gave the direction to all my being meanings. In bialystok, the population consists from four various elements of those elements Russians, Poles, Germans and Jews; all speak a particular language and gazed on all the others as enemies. In such a town sensitive, a nature feels more sharply than elsewhere the misery incited by a language a division and convinced at each measure the diversity of languages is the frst or at least most affecting a basis for the rift the human family into groups enemies. -
FL-000010-00 ! Citation: Solis, Adelina
Fiat Lingua! ! Title: The Contemporary Esperanto Speech Community! ! Author: Adelina Solis! ! MS Date: 10-02-2012! ! FL Date: 01-01-2013 ! FL Number: FL-000010-00 ! Citation: Solis, Adelina. 2012. "The Contemporary Esperanto Speech Community." FL-000010-00, Fiat Lingua, <http:// fiatlingua.org>. Web. 01 Jan. 2013.! ! Copyright: © 2012 Adelina Solis. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- ! NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.! ! " ! http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Fiat Lingua is produced and maintained by the Language Creation Society (LCS). For more information about the LCS, visit http://www.conlang.org/ The Contemporary Esperanto Speech Community by Adelina Mariflor Solís Montúfar 1 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 3 1.1 Definitions 4 1.2 Political support for a universal language 5 1.3 A brief history of language invention 9 1.4 A brief history of Esperanto 14 1.5 The construction, structure, and dissemination of Esperanto 17 1.6 Esperanto and the culture question 24 1.7 Research Methods 29 Chapter 2: Who Speaks Esperanto? 34 2.1 Number and distribution of speakers 34 2.2 Gender distribution 47 Chapter 3: The Esperanto Speech Community 58 3.1 Terminology and definitions 58 3.2 Norms and Ideologies 65 3.3 Approach to language 70 Chapter 4: Why Esperanto 81 4.1 Ideology-based reasons to speak Esperanto 83 4.2 Practical attractions to Esperanto 86 4.3 More than friendship 94 4.4 The congress effect 95 4.5 Esperanto for the blind 100 4.6 Unexpected benefits 102 Chapter 5: Esperantist Objectives 103 5.1 Attracting new speakers 103 5.2 Teaching Esperanto 107 Chapter 6: Conclusion 116 Works Cited 121 2 Chapter 1: Introduction When we think about invented languages, we may think of childhood games. -
DRAFT! PLEASE DO NOT CITE WITHOUT PERMISSION 1 a Primer
DRAFT! PLEASE DO NOT CITE WITHOUT PERMISSION 1 A primer on constructed languages Nathan Sanders University of Toronto I have always wanted to be able to express music and love and the things that I have felt in their own proper language—not like this, not like this with the procession of particular English verbs, adjectives, adverbs, nouns and prepositions that rolls before you now towards this full stop and the coming paragraph of yet more words. —Stephen Fry, Moab is My Washpot (1997:78) This chapter provides a tour through the nature and history of constructed languages, or conlangs for short. Conlangs, such as Esperanto and Klingon, are languages or partial languages that have been intentionally created by the conscious effort of individual humans, unlike languages like Estonian or Korean, which arose naturally and effortlessly among entire populations from the general subconscious human capacity for language. I begin in Section 1 by highlighting the most ancient notions of consciously controlling and creating language. Then in Section 2, I continue with discussion of the first true conlangs from the Middle Ages up through the Renaissance and Enlightenment, when language creation was guided largely by religious and philosophical concerns, though more creative uses began to appear in this time as well. In Section 3, I explore more recent history, when conlangs were believed to have practical purposes as lingua francas to bridge linguistic divides between communities. This period also saw the further development of conlanging as an art form, most notably by J. R. R. Tolkien, setting the stage for the current era of conlanging, discussed in Section 4, where conlanging’s status as art and even as a profession has been solidified. -
The Development of a Comprehensive Data Set for Systematic Studies of Machine Translation
The Development of a Comprehensive Data Set for Systematic Studies of Machine Translation J¨orgTiedemann1[0000−0003−3065−7989] University of Helsinki, Department of Digital Humanities P.O. Box 24, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [email protected] Abstract. This paper presents our on-going efforts to develop a com- prehensive data set and benchmark for machine translation beyond high- resource languages. The current release includes 500GB of compressed parallel data for almost 3,000 language pairs covering over 500 languages and language variants. We present the structure of the data set and demonstrate its use for systematic studies based on baseline experiments with multilingual neural machine translation between Uralic languages and other language groups. Our initial results show the capabilities of training effective multilingual translation models with skewed training data but also stress the shortcomings with low-resource settings and the difficulties to obtain sufficient information through straightforward transfer from related languages. Keywords: machine translation · low-resource languages · multilingual NLP 1 Introduction Massively parallel data sets are valuable resources for various research fields ranging from cross-linguistic research, language typology and translation studies to neural representation learning and cross-lingual transfer of NLP tools and applications. The most obvious application is certainly machine translation (MT) that typically relies on data-driven approaches and heavily draws on aligned parallel corpora as their essential training material. Even though parallel data sets can easily be collected from human transla- tions that naturally appear, their availability is still a huge problem for most languages and domains in the world. This leads to a skewed focus in cross- linguistic research and MT development in particular where sufficient amounts of real-world examples of reasonable quality are only available for a few well- resourced languages. -
Esperanto 1 Esperanto
Esperanto 1 Esperanto Esperanto Vlag Auteur Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof Jaar 1887 Gebruikt in Wereldwijd (meer dan 115 landen) Gebruikers Rond de 2 miljoen Alfabet Latijns alfabet, zonder Q, W, X en Y + 6 andere letters Gereguleerd door Akademio de Esperanto Classificatie Algemeen Kunsttaal Naar doel internationale hulptalen wereldtalen Naar herkomst a posteriori-talen gebaseerd op diverse, heterogene Europese talen Taalcodes ISO 639-1 eo ISO 639-2(B) epo [1] ISO 639-3 epo SIL ESP Taal Portaal Esperanto Esperanto is een door Lejzer Zamenhof ontworpen, makkelijk te leren, politiek neutrale, internationale taal (kunsttaal). In 1887 publiceerde hij onder het pseudoniem Dr. Esperanto - "iemand die hoopt" - het eerste boek over de taal met de titel: “La internacia lingvo” (de internationale taal). De taal werd echter bekend onder Zamenhofs pseudoniem en kreeg zo de naam Esperanto. Esperanto wordt inmiddels in meer dan 115 landen gesproken en heeft rond de twee miljoen sprekers. [2] Er vinden jaarlijks wereldwijd vele congressen plaats in het Esperanto.[3] In 1905 werd het eerste internationale congres met Esperanto georganiseerd in Frankrijk. Esperanto is speciaal ontworpen om mensen uit verschillende culturen met elkaar te laten communiceren. Het is gemakkelijker te leren dan welke nationale taal ook, door de grote regelmatigheid en simpele grammatica. Daarbij is de taal politiek neutraal wat ervoor zorgt dat eventuele nationale belangen tussen partijen buiten spel worden gezet. Dit zorgt ervoor dat de sprekers op gelijkwaardige voet met elkaar kunnen communiceren in het Esperanto. De meeste mensen die Esperanto spreken hebben er bewust voor gekozen de taal te leren, al zijn er inmiddels ook mensen die het Esperanto als moedertaal hebben. -
Towards a Linguistic Worldview for Artificial Languages (PDF)
UNIWERSYTET IM. ADAMA MICKIEWICZA WYDZIAŁ NEOFILOLOGII INSTYTUT JĘZYKOZNAWSTWA TOWARDS A LINGUISTIC WORLDVIEW FOR ARTIFICIAL LANGUAGES IDA STRIA Rozprawa doktorska napisana pod kierunkiem prof. UAM dr hab. Ilony Koutny Poznań 2015 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my both supervisors: the initial one, Professor Jerzy Pogonowski, who guided my interest towards artificial languages, for his patience and leniency, and the final one, Professor Ilona Koutny, to whom I am truly indebted for her relentless support and belief in me. No short note can express how great her help was. I would also like to thank my colleagues from the Institute of Linguistics, particularly from the Department of Applied Logic, for their invaluable tips and encouragement (special thanks to Sławek and Agnieszka). My thanks also go to Michael Farris for putting up with my English. Finally, I wish to thank my husband for his love. Q: How many Lojbanists does it take to change a broken light bulb? A: Two: one to decide what to change it into and one to figure out what kind of bulb emits broken light. All errors are my own. Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... 2 List of figures ........................................................................................................... 4 List of tables............................................................................................................. 5 Introduction ........................................................................................................... -
E: Les Langues Construites Délimitation, Historique Et Typologie Suivies D’Une Illustration Du Processus De Création D’Une Langue Naturaliste Nommée «Tüchte»
Fiat Lingua Title: Les langues construites Délimitation, historique et typologie suivies d’une illustration du processus de création d’une langue naturaliste nommée «tüchte» Author: Alexis Huchelmann MS Date: 04-16-2018 FL Date: 04-01-2019 FL Number: FL-00005B-00 Citation: Huchelmann, Alexis. 2018. "Les langues construites Délimitation, historique et typologie suivies d’une illustration du processus de création d’une langue naturaliste nommée «tüchte»." FL-00005B- 00, Fiat Lingua, <http://fiatlingua.org>. Web. 01 April 2019. Copyright: © 2018 Alexis Huchelmann. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Fiat Lingua is produced and maintained by the Language Creation Society (LCS). For more information about the LCS, visit http://www.conlang.org/ Université de Strasbourg Faculté des Lettres Année universitaire 2017-2018 Mémoire de Master 2e année Les langues construites Délimitation, historique et typologie suivies d’une illustration du processus de création d’une langue naturaliste nommée « tüchte » Rédigé par Alexis Huchelmann sous la direction de Mme Hélène Vassiliadou Soutenu le 16 avril 2018 devant un jury composé de : M. le Professeur Thierry Revol M. le Professeur Rudolph Sock Remerciements Ce travail n’aurait pas été possible, ou tout du moins de bien plus piètre qualité, sans le soutien de plusieurs (groupes de) personnes. Tout d’abord, je tiens à remercier Mme Vassiliadou, ma directrice de recherche, qui m’a plusieurs fois sauvé du doute et s’est battue pour que je finisse. Tepə ni kí sproats zampanel, madam! Les membres du jury Messieurs les professeurs Revol et Sock, pour avoir accepté de lire mon travail.