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In 2018 Linguapax Review linguapax review6 62018 Languages, Worlds and Action Llengües, mons i acció Linguapax Review 2018 Languages, Worlds and Actions Llengües, mons i acció Editat per: Amb el suport de: Generalitat de Catalunya Departament de Cultura Generalitat de Catalunya Departament d’Acció Exterior Relacions Institucionals i Transparència Secretaria d’Acció Exterior i de la Unió Europea Coordinació editorial: Alícia Fuentes Calle Disseny i maquetació: Maria Cabrera Callís Traduccions: Marc Alba / Violeta Roca Font Aquesta obra està subjecta a una llicència de Reconeixement-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional de Creative Commons CONTENTS - CONTINGUTS Introduction. Languages, Worlds and action. Alícia Fuentes-Calle 5 Introducció. Llengües, mons i acció. Alícia Fuentes-Calle Túumben Maaya K’aay: De-stigmatising Maya Language in the 14 Yucatan Region Genner Llanes-Ortiz Túumben Maaya K’aay: desestigmatitzant la llengua maia a la regió del Yucatán. Genner Llanes-Ortiz Into the Heimat. Transcultural theatre. Sonia Antinori 37 En el Heimat. Teatre transcultural. Sonia Antinori Sustaining multimodal diversity: Narrative practices from the 64 Central Australian deserts. Jennifer Green La preservació de la diversitat multimodal: els costums narratius dels deserts d’Austràlia central. Jennifer Green A new era in the history of language invention. Jan van Steenbergen 101 Una nova era en la història de la invenció de llengües. Jan van Steenbergen Tribalingual, a startup for endangered languages. Inky Gibbens 183 Tribalingual, una start-up per a llengües amenaçades. Inky Gibbens The Web Alternative, Dimensions of Literacy, and Newer Prospects 200 for African Languages in Today’s World. Kọ́lá Túbọ̀sún L’alternativa web, els aspectes de l’alfabetització i les perspectives més recents de les llengües africanes en el món actual. Kọ́lá Túbọ̀sún Talking about revitalization. Issues of language as art, politics and 227 communication. José Antonio Flores Farfán Sobre la revitalització. Qüestions del llenguatge com a art, política i comunicació. José Antonio Flores Farfán The struggle for language rights for Phuthi in Lesotho. Sheena Shah 258 La lluita pels drets lingüístics del phuthi a Lesotho. Sheena Shah Linguapax Review 6 · 3 Linguapax Review 6 · 4 INTRODUCCIÓ. INTRODUCTION. LLENGÜES, MONS I LANGUAGES, WORLDS ACCIÓ AND ACTION Alícia Fuentes-Calle Alícia Fuentes-Calle The initial seed of the Faber-Linguapax La llavor inicial de la Residència Faber- Residency of linguistic diversity held in Linguapax sobre diversitat lingüística ce- Olot (November 2018) emerged from lebrada a Olot (novembre del 2018) va a seminar held in the CCCB (Centre de sorgir d’un seminari celebrat al CCCB Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona) (Centre de Cultura Contemporània de in May 2017 with Kenyan author Ngugi Barcelona) el maig del 2017 amb l’autor wa Thiongo. It was in that context that kenyà Ngugi wa Thiongo. Linguapax i Fa- Linguapax and Faber, both present in that ber, ambdues entitats presents a la troba- gathering, started talking of a potential da, van començar a parlar d’una possible collaboration, which ultimately led to the col·laboració, que va acabar donant lloc Residency Worlds, Languages and Action. a la Residència “Llengües, mons i acció”. One of the ideas at the start of the pro- Una de les idees a l’inici d’aquest projecte ject was no more than an anecdotal re- no era més que una revelació anecdòtica: alisation: The fascination that a certain la fascinació que un públic determinat public manifests around the worlds that manifesta al voltant dels mons que creen create languages, around the languages llengües, al voltant de les llengües que cre- that create worlds in fiction – for exam- en mons en la ficció, com ara la construc- ple, the construction of worlds and lan- ció de mons i llengües com el klingon, la guages in cases such as Klingon, the lan- llengua dels na’vi o el dothraki, entre mol- guage of the Na’vi or Dothraki among tes d’altres. Una fascinació paral·lela a la many others. A fascination that runs pa- de moltes persones i entitats que treballen rallel to many individuals and organisati- arreu del planeta per revitalitzar llengües, ons working across the globe to revitalise aquelles històricament arrelades i viscu- languages – those historically rooted and des per comunitats humanes que en la lived by human communities that are for seva major part estan en perill d’extinció. the most part in danger of extinction. Aquesta idea inicial —en certa manera That initial idea – a somehow naive a pri- un a priori ingenu que confrontava hàbil- ori that neatly confronted constructed ment les llengües artificials amb les llen- languages vs. endangered natural langua- gües naturals amenaçades— es va expan- ges – expanded in many directions, but dir en moltes direccions, però finalment eventually emerged as a conversation va sorgir com una conversa entre agents between agents of linguistic and cultural de la revitalització lingüística i cultural, revitalisation, linguists, critical anthropo- lingüistes, investigadors de l’antropologia logy researchers, and creators. crítica i creadors. The founding concept was therefore sur- passed by the real voices that cut across Linguapax Review 6 · 5 Així doncs, el concepte bàsic es va veure all those categories, and which in some superat per les veus reals que transcendi- cases put them into question through en totes aquelles categories i que, en al- their work. guns casos, les posaven en dubte amb el This new edition of the Linguapax Re- seu treball. view contains a collection of their arti- Aquesta nova edició de Linguapax Revi- cles, set in different tones, but revolving ew conté una selecció dels seus articles, around their shared experience in Olot que malgrat estar emmarcats en diferents between 12th and 19th November 2018. tons giren entorn de la seva experiència What follows is not a systematic pre- compartida a Olot entre el 12 i el 19 de sentation of those contributions, but an novembre de 2018. attempt to capture in brief snapshots a small selection of the confluences disti- El que segueix no és una presentació sis- lled by their texts. temàtica d’aquestes contribucions, sinó un intent per plasmar breument una peti- ta selecció de les confluències que destil· len els seus textos. Art, a matter of degree “(…) Those artists, who wanted to change the world, and not through representation L’art, una qüestió de grau but through exchange, energy, relationa- “(…) Aquells artistes, que volien canviar lity... they did not succeed in overcoming el món, i no pas a través de la represen- the stigma that their works were works of tació sinó a través de l’intercanvi, l’ener- art.” Olafur Eliasson gia, la relacionalitat... no van aconseguir superar l’estigma que les seves obres eren obres d’art.” Olafur Eliasson Both Edward Sapir and Roman Jakob- son explicitly defend the inseparability of Edward Sapir i Roman Jakobson defensen the “poetic” factor from language. Pos- explícitament que el factor “poètic” és in- sibly due to the Platonic influence in the destriable del llenguatge. Possiblement a Western tradition1 and the continuously causa de la influència platònica en la tradi- reinforced vision of the artistic domain ció occidental1 i de la visió contínuament as independent and segregated from the reforçada del domini artístic com a inde- standard domain of knowledge, mains- pendent i segregat de l’àmbit comú del tream linguistics usually pays little attenti- coneixement, la lingüística tradicional no on to the poetic dimension. A dimension sol prestar gaire atenció a l’aspecte poètic. that, again, “rarely overcomes the stigma” Un aspecte que, com acabem de llegir, no of being art. sol superar l’estigma de ser art. 1 “(...) la concepció, profundament arrelada en “(...) the conception, deeply rooted in Western l’epistemologia i ontologia occidentals, que la epistemology and ontology, that poetics is an eti- poètica és una etiolació del llenguatge, funcio- olation of language, functionally hollow or void, nalment vàcua o buida, aliena al que realment fa extraneous to what really makes language or soci- funcionar el llenguatge o la societat”. Bauman i ety work” Bauman and Briggs (1990) “Poetics and Briggs (1990). “Poetics and Performance as Crit- Performance as Critical Perspectives on Language ical Perspectives on Language and Social Life”. and Social Life”. Annual Review of Anthropology 19: Annual Review of Anthropology 19: 59-88. 59-88. Linguapax Review 6 · Amb tot, tal com va dir Jakobson (1960),2 However, as stated by Jakobson (1960),2 “el llenguatge poètic fa ressonar tots els “poetic language makes all levels of a lan- nivells d’una llengua”. La poesia no és es- guage resonate”. Poetics is not strictly a trictament una qüestió d’estètica, sinó un matter of aesthetics but a stage on which escenari en el qual observar el llenguatge to observe language and its features. This i els seus trets. Això ho expressa millor is best expressed by Ken Hale (1998:204):3 Ken Hale (1998: 204):3 Algunes formes d’art oral —poesia, Some forms of verbal art – verse, song cançó o cant— depenen fonamental- or chant- depend crucially on morpho- ment de les propietats morfològiques i logical and phonological, even syntactic fonològiques, i fins i tot sintàctiques, de properties of the language in which it la llengua en què es creen. En aquests is formed. In such cases, the art could casos, l’art no podria existir sense la not exist without the language, quite li- llengua, literalment. terally. El més interessant és que podem apreci- Most interestingly, we can apprecia- ar aquestes afirmacions teòriques en els te those theoretical claims illustrated by exemples i experiències que ofereixen, en the examples and experiences offered, in diferents graus, tots els autors d’aquest different degrees, by all authors in this vo- volum: la dicotomia entre el llenguatge lume: The dichotomy of ordinary/ poetic corrent i el poètic desapareix. language crumbles.
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