Complexlang: a Compact Logical Experimental Language
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LCC5 CONLANG RELAY — ITHKUIL TEXT: AIFQLAL ÖMMOL Âmmël Tê
LCC5 CONLANG RELAY — ITHKUIL TEXT: AIFQLAL ÖMMOL Âmmël tê, iekawel tiö. Ikàmküz iam-mra ârtwail mmëu’a Ĝi smî’âškôx. Iefqlaromdi ük ho kai’ál. Š. Ailayël egbulak –çoe, aumrawelönar vyelíup qü. Iek’amtoçqár isvala Ħ qo ârtwel kî. Hmuqwat Ĝara č’ óext’ai’l. Hra Ŝnasar –qawe smâ’âškôx. Eswilúk xas –ça hmaigralî Ħ uqwot Ĝukt –č’içewa. Ke uqwat ĜaĦ ia Ńt’aluib eswolúk. Š. Epšal oqwas uqwêt Ĝ óek hwai’l. Aigrawelönar –qowe ocetip. Uqwat Ĝ vyaliup. Vyaliupi’m! Hmi čhal ko ârtwala Ħ lt heĜ mmêĜ. –Ça vyaliup. Ti xat hint. Aigrayëlint to uqwiat Ĝ óek hwai’l _ip’ayûluc’ar ek ho ítu’liu Ń ke. Âmmël tê, auntawél –ça: –aigrayëlar ko uqwet Ĝ óek hwai’l –ieçtraluc’ –qowe. Snalakir uqwat Ĝ áugrala řo. Âdhayëlilliud uqwit Ĝipt, augrayûluc’ eqolekt –qewe. Augrayûl qo –qewe. Az, âmmël tê, aukawél ârtwail kî áula’al ku ltweol. Ir! HELPFUL NOTES • Default word order is VSO or VOS. Placement of a noun before the verb gives it semantic focus. Placement of a noun at the beginning of a sentence topicalizes it. • Ithkuil nominal formatives (i.e., nouns) mandatorily inflect for eight morphological categories, while verbal formatives (i.e., verbs) mandatorily inflect for 22 categories. However, the majority of these categories are often in their default/baseline modes which are unmarked. In order to simplify the intralinears below, I have not indicated unmarked categories, and for default categories that are marked but do not impact the semantics, I have indicated these by empty brackets [ ]. • Many Ithkuil affixes are portmanteau in nature, i.e., combining many separate morphemes into a single affix. -
A Brief Introduction to Constructed Languages
A Brief Introduction to Constructed Languages An essay by Laurier Rochon Piet Zwart Institute : June 2011 3750 words Abstract The aim of this essay will be to provide a general overview of what is considered a "constructed language" (also called conlang, formalized language or artificial language) and explore some similarities, differences and specific properties that set these languages apart from natural languages. This essay is not meant to be an exhaustive repertoire of all existing conlangs, nor should it be used as reference material to explain or dissect them. Rather, my intent is to explore and distill meaning from particular conlangs subjectively chosen for their proximity to my personal research practice based on empirical findings I could infer from their observation and brief use. I will not tackle the task of interpreting the various qualities and discrepancies of conlangs within this short study, as it would surely consist of an endeavour of its own. It should also be noted that the varying quality of documentation available for conlangs makes it difficult to find either peer-reviewed works or independent writings on these subjects. As a quick example, many artistic languages are conceived and solely used by the author himself/herself. This person is obviously the only one able to make sense of it. This short study will not focus on artlangs, but one would understand the challenge in analyzing such a creation: straying away from the beaten path affords an interesting quality to the work, but also renders difficult a precise analytical study of it. In many ways, I have realized that people involved in constructing languages are generally engaging in a fringe activity which typically does not gather much attention - understandably so, given the supremacy of natural languages in our world. -
Why Esperanto?
Fiat Lingua Title: The Contemporary Esperanto Speech Community Author: Adelina Solis MS Date: 01-12-2013 FL Date: 01-01-2013 FL Number: FL-000010-01 Citation: Solis, Adelina. 2013. “The Contemporary Esperanto Speech Community.” FL-000010-01, Fiat Lingua, <http:// fiatlingua.org>. Web. 01 Jan. 2013. Copyright: © 2013 Adelina Solis. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Fiat Lingua is produced and maintained by the Language Creation Society (LCS). For more information about the LCS, visit http://www.conlang.org/ The Contemporary Esperanto Speech Community by Adelina Mariflor Solís Montúfar 1 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 3 1.1 Definitions 4 1.2 Political support for a universal language 5 1.3 A brief history of language invention 9 1.4 A brief history of Esperanto 14 1.5 The construction, structure, and dissemination of Esperanto 17 1.6 Esperanto and the culture question 24 1.7 Research Methods 29 Chapter 2: Who Speaks Esperanto? 34 2.1 Number and distribution of speakers 34 2.2 Gender distribution 47 Chapter 3: The Esperanto Speech Community 58 3.1 Terminology and definitions 58 3.2 Norms and Ideologies 65 3.3 Approach to language 70 Chapter 4: Why Esperanto? 81 4.1 Ideology-based reasons to speak Esperanto 83 4.2 Practical attractions to Esperanto 86 4.3 More than friendship 94 4.4 The congress effect 95 4.5 Esperanto for the blind 100 4.6 Unexpected benefits 102 Chapter 5: Esperantist Objectives 103 5.1 Attracting new speakers 103 5.2 Teaching Esperanto 107 Chapter 6: Conclusion 116 Works Cited 121 2 Chapter 1: Introduction When we think about invented languages, we may think of childhood games. -
ROILA – Robot Interaction Language
ROILA Robot Interaction Language Omar Mubin ROILA RObot Interaction LAnguage Omar Mubin ROILA: RObot Interaction LAnguage PROEFONTWERP ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr.ir. C.J. van Duijn, voor een commissie aangewezen door het College voor Promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op woensdag 1 juni 2011 om 16.00 uur door Omar Mubin geboren te Lahore, Pakistan De documentatie van het proefontwerp is goedgekeurd door de promotor: prof.dr.ir. L.M.G. Feijs Copromotoren: dr. C. Bartneck MTD Dipl. Des. en dr. J. Hu PDEng MEng Typeset with LATEX Cover design by Christoph Bartneck A catalogue record is available from the Eindhoven University of Technology Library ISBN: 978-90-386-2505-8 Acknowledgements One may think that a PhD project is individual in its nature and solely the effort of a single person. To some extent that is true but I truly believe that the ROILA project could not have been possible without the contribution and hard work of not just me but several other people. Firstly, I would like to thank the reading committee, comprising of Prof Michael Lyons, Prof Emiel Krahmer and Dr Jacques Terken for providing valu- able comments to improve the content of the thesis. At this point I would also like to mention the generous support provided by Steven Canvin of LEGO Minstorms NXT who was so kind to donate 20 Mindstorms boxes to us. The Mindstorms kits were invaluable towards the development of the project. All my colleagues at the Designed Intelligence group deserve special acknowledge- ment, in particular Prof Matthias Rauterberg and Ellen Konijnenberg. -
The New Yorker 11/9/20, 9:20 PM
Utopian for Beginners | The New Yorker 11/9/20, 9:20 PM Annals of Linguistics December 24 & 31, 2012 Issue Utopian for Beginners An amateur linguist loses control of the language he invented. By Joshua Foer December 17, 2012 here are so many ways for speakers of English to see the world. We can glimpse, glance, visualize, view, look, spy, or T ogle. Stare, gawk, or gape. Peek, watch, or scrutinize. Each word suggests some subtly different quality: looking implies volition; spying suggests furtiveness; gawking carries an element of social judgment and a sense of surprise. When we try to describe an act of vision, we consider a constellation of available meanings. But if thoughts and words exist on different planes, then expression must always be an act of compromise. Languages are something of a mess. They evolve over centuries through an unplanned, democratic process that leaves them teeming with irregularities, quirks, and words like “knight.” No one who set out to design a form of communication would ever end up with anything like English, Mandarin, or any of the more than six thousand languages spoken today. “Natural languages are adequate, but that doesn’t mean they’re optimal,” John Quijada, a "fty-three-year-old former employee of the California State Department of Motor Vehicles, told me. In 2004, he published a monograph on the Internet that was titled “Ithkuil: A Philosophical Design for a Hypothetical Language.” Written like a linguistics textbook, the fourteen-page Web site ran to almost a hundred and sixty thousand words. It documented the Quijada’s invented language has two grammar, syntax, and lexicon of a language that Quijada had spent seemingly incompatible ambitions: to be three decades inventing in his spare time. -
Les Drapeaux Des Langues Construites
Les Drapeaux des Langues Construites Patrice de La Condamine Résumé Depuis toujours, les hommes oscillent entre la préservation de leurs identités particulières et leur besoin d’appartenance à des communautés globales. L’idée d’universel et de recherche de la “fusion des origines” hante leur cœur. Dans cet esprit, des langues construites ont été élaborées. Qu’elles soient à vocation auxiliaire ou internationale, destinées à de vastes aires culturelles ou à but strictement philosophique. Des noms connus comme Volapük, Espéranto, Ido, Bolak, Interlingua, Occidental. Mais aussi Glosa, Kotava, Lingua Franca Nova, Atlango. Ou encore Folskpraat, Slovio, Nordien, Afrihili, Slovianski, Hedšdël. Sans parler du langage philosophique Lojban1. Le plus intéressant est de constater que toutes ces langues ont des drapeaux qui traduisent les messages et idéaux des groupes en question! La connaissance des drapeaux des langues construites est primordiale pour plusieurs raisons: elle nous permet de comprendre que tous les drapeaux sans exception délivrent des messages d’une part; que l’existence des drapeaux n’est pas forcément liée à l’unique notion de territoire d’autre part. Le drapeau est d’abord et avant tout, à travers son dessin et ses couleurs, un “territoire mental”. Après avoir montré et expliqué ces différents drapeaux2, nous conclurons avec la présentation du drapeau des Conlang, sorte d’ONU des Langues construites! Folkspraak Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology, Washington, D.C., USA 1–5 August 2011 © 2011 North American Vexillological Association (www.nava.org) 1 Sélection de noms parmi d’autres. 2 Une trentaine environ. 175 LES DRAPEAUX DES LANGUES CONSTRUITES introduction A nous tous qui sommes réunis ici pour ce XXIVème Congrès International de la vexillologie à Washington, personne n’a plus besoin d’expliquer la nécessité vitale qu’ont les hommes de se représenter au moyen d’emblèmes, et nous savons la place primordiale qu’occupent les drapeaux dans cette fonction. -
Bahá'í Short Obligatory Prayer in Various Constructed Languages
Bahá’í Short Obligatory Prayer in Various Constructed Languages Original Arabic ِ ِ ِ ﱠ ِ ِِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ْأَﺷﻬَُد ﻳﺎ إﻟﻬﻲ ﺑﺄَﻧ َك َﺧﻠَْﻘﺗَﻧ ْﻲ ﻟﻌْرﻓﺎﻧ َك َوﻋ َﺑﺎدﺗ َك، ْأَﺷﻬَُد ﻓﻲ ﻫذا ْاﻟﺣْﻳن ﺑ َﻌ ْﺟزْي َوﻗُﱠوﺗ َك َو َﺿ ْﻌ ﻔ ْﻲ َو ْاﻗﺗدار َك ِ ِ ِ ﱠ ِ َوﻓَْﻘِرْي َوَﻏﻧﺎﺋ َك، ﻻ إﻟﻪ َ إﻻ ْأَﻧ َت ُاﻟﻣﻬَْﻳﻣ ُن اﻟﻘَﱡﻳ ُوم . Authorized English Translation I bear witness, O my God, that Thou hast created me to know Thee and to worship Thee. I testify, at this moment, to my powerlessness and to Thy might, to my poverty and to Thy wealth. There is none other God but Thee, the Help in Peril, the Self-Subsisting. Esperanto Mi atestas, ho Sinjoro, mia Dio, ke Vi kreis min, por ke mi konu kaj adoru Vin. Mi atestas ĉimomente pri mia senforteco kaj pri Via Potenco, pri mia malriĉeco kaj pri Via Riĉeco. Ne ekzistas alia Dio krom Vi, la Defendanto, la Mem‐Ekzistanto. Interlingua Io testimonia, o mie Deo, que tu me ha create, pro Te cognoscer e adorar. Io testimonia in iste instante a mie debilitate e a Tie potentia, a mie paupertate e a Tie ricchessa. No existe áltere Deo salvo Tu, le adjutor en perículo, le in se mesmoexistente. Sambahsa Io schahide O mien Div od me has creen kay gnohe Te ed dyines Te, io schahide ye tod tid mien achizia ed Tien augos ed mien sliebe ed Tien force ed mien paupertat ed Tien rey, ne est div ploisko Te iom Behrger ed iom Swobod. -
Me Nem Nesa: Investigating the Reception of Constructed Languages in Different Age Groups
Beyond Philology No. 15/1, 2018 ISSN 1732-1220, eISSN 2451-1498 Me nem nesa: Investigating the reception of constructed languages in different age groups MAJA GAJEK Received 25.11.2017, received in revised form 28.06.2018, accepted 29.06.2018. Abstract The concept of artificially created languages is not new, but, owing to pop culture, it has recently received more attention. Constructed languages, or conlangs, are present in books, movies and video games, aimed at recipients of all ages. Contrary to natural languages, which emerged without conscious planning, constructed languages are designed to serve a certain purpose. There are many motives triggering the creation of new languages, from linguistic experiments and language games to making commu- nication easier. However, the most common reason behind the emer- gence of artificial languages during the last twenty years appears to be the enrichment of the world they belong to. Interestingly, the re- sponse of the audience varies depending on age. The aim of this pa- per is to examine samples of constructed languages present in recent pop culture and the effects they have on both their respective target groups and the rest of the audience. Keywords constructed language, conlang, Minionese, Atlantean, Na’vi, Dothraki 32 Beyond Philology 15/1 Me nem nesa: Badanie recepcji języków sztucznych przez różne grupy wiekowe Abstrakt Zjawisko sztucznie tworzonych języków nie jest nowe, ale dzięki pop- kulturze cieszy się ostatnio większą uwagą. Języki sztuczne, znane pod nazwą conlang, są obecne w książkach, filmach oraz grach wideo skierowanych zarówno do młodych, jak i dojrzałych odbiorców. W przeciwieństwie do języków naturalnych, które powstały bez świa- domego planowania, języki sztuczne zostały zaprojektowane przez autorów aby spełnić określony cel. -
Constructed Languages and Copyright: a Brief History and Proposal for Divorce
Harvard Journal of Law & Technology Volume 27, Number 2 Spring 2014 CONSTRUCTED LANGUAGES AND COPYRIGHT: A BRIEF HISTORY AND PROPOSAL FOR DIVORCE Michael Adelman* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 544 II. WHAT IS A CONSTRUCTED LANGUAGE? ...................................... 545 A. Classification of Constructed Languages by Their Form ........ 546 B. Classification of Constructed Languages by Their Communicative Function ....................................................... 547 III. PREVIOUS ATTEMPTS TO CONTROL CONSTRUCTED LANGUAGES VIA COPYRIGHT ....................................................... 549 A. Dr. Zamenhof Makes Esperanto the “Property of Society” .................................................................................. 550 B. Tolkien’s “Secret Vice” and Ownership of Elvish Languages .............................................................................. 551 C. Klingon and Paramount ........................................................... 553 D. The Loglan v. Lojban Dispute and a Trip to the Federal Circuit .................................................................................... 554 E. What Qualifies as Fair Use and How Does It Protect Users of Constructed Languages? ......................................... 556 IV. CONSTRUCTED LANGUAGES SHOULD BE USED FREELY AND WITHOUT FEAR OF LEGAL CONSEQUENCES ......................... 558 A. Copyright Protection Does Not Incentivize the Creation of New Constructed Languages -
In the Land of Invented Languages: Esperanto Rock Stars, Klingon Poets, Loglan Lovers, and the Mad Dreamers Who Tried to Build a Perfect Language - by Arika Okrent
In the Land of Invented Languages: Esperanto Rock Stars, Klingon Poets, Loglan Lovers, and the Mad Dreamers Who Tried to Build a Perfect Language - By Arika Okrent The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Graham M. Jones, review of “In the Land of Invented Languages: Esperanto Rock Stars, Klingon Poets, Loglan Lovers, and the Mad Dreamers Who Tried to Build a Perfect Language" by Arika Okrent. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 22, no. 2 (August 4, 2012): E115- E116. As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1395.2012.01128.x Publisher John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Version Final published version Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82014 Terms of Use Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. bs_bs_banner Book Reviews E115 In the Land of Invented Languages: Esperanto Rock Stars, Klingon Poets, Loglan Lovers, and the Mad Dreamers Who Tried to Build a Perfect Language. Arika Okrent. New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2009. 352 pp. GRAHAM M. JONES Massachusetts Institute of Technology While it is not a scholarly work, Arika Okrent’s In the Land of Invented Languages recommends itself to linguistic anthropologists on a variety of counts. An intellectual picaresque describing the author’s historical and ethnographic forays into the imaginative worlds of language inven- tors and their followers, it offers engaging examination of shifting motivations behind the production and promotion of constructed languages (conlangs). -
The Study of Machine Translation Aspects Through Constructed Languages
International Journal of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Vol. 1, No. 1, 2016, pp. 28-34 http://www.aiscience.org/journal/ijeecs The Study of Machine Translation Aspects Through Constructed Languages Evangelos C. Papakitsos 1, *, Ioannis Giachos 2 1Department of Education, School of Pedagogical and Technological Education, Iraklio Attikis, Greece 2Department of Linguistics, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece Abstract The present paper describes a software system that performs bidirectional machine translation between two constructed languages. These languages are made by one or more persons, for various purposes. Such an important purpose is the development of easy and almost natural communication interfaces with robots. Despite the linguistic simplicity of the constructed languages, the automated translation from one to the other confronts some of the fundamental algorithmic challenges that are also encountered in the machine translation of natural languages. Hence, the usage of constructed languages can be an easier way both to train linguistic engineers in developing machine translation software and to study the linking of different robotic interfaces, as a novel field of research. Keywords Natural Language Understanding, Constructed Language, Machine Translation, Human-Computer Interaction Received: June 13, 2016 / Accepted: June 25, 2016 / Published online: July 21, 2016 @ 2016 The Authors. Published by American Institute of Science. This Open Access article is under the CC BY license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ alternatively, that a real-time machine translation system is 1. Introduction developed, performing a bidirectional translation (interpretation) between a natural and a constructed language. Machine translation still remains one of the most challenging applications of natural language processing [1]. -
In 2018 Linguapax Review
linguapax review6 62018 Languages, Worlds and Action Llengües, mons i acció Linguapax Review 2018 Languages, Worlds and Actions Llengües, mons i acció Editat per: Amb el suport de: Generalitat de Catalunya Departament de Cultura Generalitat de Catalunya Departament d’Acció Exterior Relacions Institucionals i Transparència Secretaria d’Acció Exterior i de la Unió Europea Coordinació editorial: Alícia Fuentes Calle Disseny i maquetació: Maria Cabrera Callís Traduccions: Marc Alba / Violeta Roca Font Aquesta obra està subjecta a una llicència de Reconeixement-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional de Creative Commons CONTENTS - CONTINGUTS Introduction. Languages, Worlds and action. Alícia Fuentes-Calle 5 Introducció. Llengües, mons i acció. Alícia Fuentes-Calle Túumben Maaya K’aay: De-stigmatising Maya Language in the 14 Yucatan Region Genner Llanes-Ortiz Túumben Maaya K’aay: desestigmatitzant la llengua maia a la regió del Yucatán. Genner Llanes-Ortiz Into the Heimat. Transcultural theatre. Sonia Antinori 37 En el Heimat. Teatre transcultural. Sonia Antinori Sustaining multimodal diversity: Narrative practices from the 64 Central Australian deserts. Jennifer Green La preservació de la diversitat multimodal: els costums narratius dels deserts d’Austràlia central. Jennifer Green A new era in the history of language invention. Jan van Steenbergen 101 Una nova era en la història de la invenció de llengües. Jan van Steenbergen Tribalingual, a startup for endangered languages. Inky Gibbens 183 Tribalingual, una start-up per a llengües amenaçades. Inky Gibbens The Web Alternative, Dimensions of Literacy, and Newer Prospects 200 for African Languages in Today’s World. Kọ́lá Túbọ̀sún L’alternativa web, els aspectes de l’alfabetització i les perspectives més recents de les llengües africanes en el món actual.