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LCC5 CONLANG RELAY — ITHKUIL TEXT: AIFQLAL ÖMMOL Âmmël Tê
LCC5 CONLANG RELAY — ITHKUIL TEXT: AIFQLAL ÖMMOL Âmmël tê, iekawel tiö. Ikàmküz iam-mra ârtwail mmëu’a Ĝi smî’âškôx. Iefqlaromdi ük ho kai’ál. Š. Ailayël egbulak –çoe, aumrawelönar vyelíup qü. Iek’amtoçqár isvala Ħ qo ârtwel kî. Hmuqwat Ĝara č’ óext’ai’l. Hra Ŝnasar –qawe smâ’âškôx. Eswilúk xas –ça hmaigralî Ħ uqwot Ĝukt –č’içewa. Ke uqwat ĜaĦ ia Ńt’aluib eswolúk. Š. Epšal oqwas uqwêt Ĝ óek hwai’l. Aigrawelönar –qowe ocetip. Uqwat Ĝ vyaliup. Vyaliupi’m! Hmi čhal ko ârtwala Ħ lt heĜ mmêĜ. –Ça vyaliup. Ti xat hint. Aigrayëlint to uqwiat Ĝ óek hwai’l _ip’ayûluc’ar ek ho ítu’liu Ń ke. Âmmël tê, auntawél –ça: –aigrayëlar ko uqwet Ĝ óek hwai’l –ieçtraluc’ –qowe. Snalakir uqwat Ĝ áugrala řo. Âdhayëlilliud uqwit Ĝipt, augrayûluc’ eqolekt –qewe. Augrayûl qo –qewe. Az, âmmël tê, aukawél ârtwail kî áula’al ku ltweol. Ir! HELPFUL NOTES • Default word order is VSO or VOS. Placement of a noun before the verb gives it semantic focus. Placement of a noun at the beginning of a sentence topicalizes it. • Ithkuil nominal formatives (i.e., nouns) mandatorily inflect for eight morphological categories, while verbal formatives (i.e., verbs) mandatorily inflect for 22 categories. However, the majority of these categories are often in their default/baseline modes which are unmarked. In order to simplify the intralinears below, I have not indicated unmarked categories, and for default categories that are marked but do not impact the semantics, I have indicated these by empty brackets [ ]. • Many Ithkuil affixes are portmanteau in nature, i.e., combining many separate morphemes into a single affix. -
A Comparison Between Natural and Planned Languages
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The Case of Correlatives: A Comparison between Natural and Planned Languages Gobbo, F. Publication date 2011 Document Version Final published version Published in Journal of Universal Language Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Gobbo, F. (2011). The Case of Correlatives: A Comparison between Natural and Planned Languages. Journal of Universal Language, 12(2), 45-79. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:28 Sep 2021 Federico Gobbo 45 Journal of Universal Language 12-2 September 2011, 45-79 The Case of Correlatives: A Comparison between Natural and Planned Languages Federico Gobbo University of Insubria 1 Abstract Since the publication of Volapük, the most important functional and deictic words present in grammar—interrogative, relative and demonstrative pronouns, and adjectives among others—have been described in planned grammars in a series or a table, namely “correlatives,” showing a considerable level of regularity. -
Cosmopolitanism and Nationalism in Catalonia: the Case of the Esperanto Movement
Student ID: 1560509 Cosmopolitanism and nationalism in Catalonia: the case of the Esperanto movement Student ID: 1560509 INTRODUCTION 3 LITERATURE REVIEW 7 ESPERANTO AND CATALONIA 8 NATIONALISM(S) AND COSMOPOLITANISM(S) 11 CATALAN IDENTITY AND NATIONALISM 17 IDENTITY AND ESPERANTO 21 THE STUDY 24 METHODOLOGY 24 FIRST CONTACTS WITH THE LANGUAGE, KEA AND THE IDEALS OF ESPERANTO 30 CATALAN IDENTITY AND ESPERANTISM 38 NATIONALISM, COSMOPOLITANISM AND ESPERANTO 45 CONCLUSIONS 55 BIBLIOGRAPHY 59 2 Student ID: 1560509 Introduction This essay aims to explore the idea and the practice of cosmopolitanism within the Catalan Esperanto community and its interaction with the strong self- identification of Catalan Esperantists as ‘Catalans’ (Alòs i Font, 2010). More spe- cifically, the study focuses on the members of the Catalan Association of Esperan- to ([eo]: Kataluna Esperanto-Asocio, hereinafter KEA) who reside in Barcelona, where the headquarters of the association are.1 The main research question is the following: How do the members of the Catalan Association of Esperanto balance their nation- alistic sentiments towards Catalonia and the Catalan language with the core cos- mopolitan ideology of the Esperanto movement they are part of? The question is interesting because the strong nationalism of Catalan Esperan- tists, apart from being in contrast with the traditional Esperanto ideology and culture (Zaft, 2003; Blanke, 2015), is not in line with what seems to be the reality of most Esperanto communities in Europe, as emerged from the available empir- ical studies on the subject (Rašič, 1996; Alòs i Font, 2010; Puškar, 2015). These studies show that European Esperantists have in general a weaker national iden- tity than the average citizens of their respective countries. -
La Gramatiko De La Lingvo Sen Gramatiko
1 2 La Gramatiko de la Lingvo Sen Gramatiko verkis Renato Corsetti 2018 3 4 LA GRAMATIKO DE LINGVO SEN GRAMATIKO Enhavtabelo 1. enkonduko 2. ĉapitro 1-a 3. ĉapitro 2-a 4. ĉapitro 3-a 5. ĉapitro 4-a 6. ĉapitro 5-a 7. ĉapitro 6-a 8. ĉapitro 7-a 9. ĉapitro 8-a Apendicoj Ekzerco 1.1 Ekzerco 3.1 Aldona parto por anglalingvanoj 1 Ekzerco 1.2 Ekzerco 3.2 Aldona parto por anglalingvanoj 2 Ekzerco 1.3 Ekzerco 3.3 Aldona parto por anglalingvanoj 3 Ekzerco 1.4 Ekzerco 3.4 Aldona parto por anglalingvanoj 5 Ekzerco 2.1 Ekzerco 3.5 Aldona parto por anglalingvanoj 6 Ekzerco 2.2 Ekzerco 3.6 Aldona parto por anglalingvanoj 7 Ekzerco 2.3 Ekzerco 3.7 Tio, kion la Akademio de Esperanto diras: Ekzerco 2.4 Ekzerco 4.1 plena teksto de la deklaro Ekzerco 2.5 Ekzerco 4.2 Ĝusta solvo de ekzerco 2.9.2 Ekzerco 2.6 Ekzerco 4.3 (2.10) Ankoraŭ pri "sia" sed nur por apartaj Ekzerco 2.7.A Ekzerco 4.4 maniuloj pri gramatiko Ekzerco 2.7.B Ekzerco 5.1 Ankoraŭ pri nerekta parolo Ekzerco 2.7.1 Ekzerco 5.2 (6.3) Kromaj klarigoj ne nepre legendaj Ekzerco 2.7.2 Ekzerco 5.3 Ekzerco 2.8.1 Ekzerco 6.1 Ekzerco 2.9.1 Ekzerco 6.2 Ekzerco 2.9.2 Ekzerco 6.3 Ekzerco 7.1 Ekzerco 7.2 Ekzerco 7.3 5 6 Enkonduko Ĉi tiu ne estas lernolibro por komencantoj sed lernolibro por komencintoj, por homoj, kiuj jam lernis Esperanton, kaj volas relerni ĝin laŭ la reguloj de la Fundamento de Esperanto. -
Introduction: in Search of Esperanto
Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems 13(2), 182-192, 2015 INTRODUCTION: IN SEARCH OF ESPERANTO Humphrey Tonkin* University of Hartford West Hartford, USA DOI: 10.7906/indecs.13.2.12 Regular article ABSTRACT After almost one hundred years of continuous use, Esperanto has achieved the status and character of a fully-fledged language, functioning much as any other language does. Research on Esperanto is hampered because knowledge of the subject is often regarded, ipso facto, as evidence of a lack of objectivity, and also because Esperanto, as largely an L2, is elusive, and its speakers hard to quantify. The problem is compounded by the rapid shift in its community from membership-based organizations to decentralized, informal web-based communication. Also shifting are the community’s ideological underpinnings: it began as a response to lack of communication across languages but is now often perceived by its users as an alternative, more equitable means of communication than the increasingly ubiquitous English. Underlying these changes is a flourishing cultural base, including an extensive literature and periodical press. There is a need for more research – linguistic, sociolinguistic, and in the history of ideas. In intellectual history, Esperanto and related ideas have played a larger role than is generally recognized, intersecting with, and influencing, such movements as modernization in Japan, the development of international organizations, socialism in many parts of the world, and, in our own day, machine translation. KEY WORDS Esperanto, Esperanto community, interlinguistic research, language ideology CLASSIFICATION JEL: O20 *Corresponding author, : [email protected]; +1 860 768 4448; *Mortensen Library, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA Introduction: in search of Esperanto INTRODUCTION In an influential essay some years ago, the late Richard Wood described Esperanto as “a voluntary, non-ethnic, non-territorial speech community” [1]. -
In Search of Esperanto
Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems 13(2), 182-192, 2015 INTRODUCTION: IN SEARCH OF ESPERANTO Humphrey Tonkin* University of Hartford West Hartford, USA DOI: 10.7906/indecs.13.2.12 Regular article ABSTRACT After almost one hundred years of continuous use, Esperanto has achieved the status and character of a fully-fledged language, functioning much as any other language does. Research on Esperanto is hampered because knowledge of the subject is often regarded, ipso facto, as evidence of a lack of objectivity, and also because Esperanto, as largely an L2, is elusive, and its speakers hard to quantify. The problem is compounded by the rapid shift in its community from membership-based organizations to decentralized, informal web-based communication. Also shifting are the community’s ideological underpinnings: it began as a response to lack of communication across languages but is now often perceived by its users as an alternative, more equitable means of communication than the increasingly ubiquitous English. Underlying these changes is a flourishing cultural base, including an extensive literature and periodical press. There is a need for more research – linguistic, sociolinguistic, and in the history of ideas. In intellectual history, Esperanto and related ideas have played a larger role than is generally recognized, intersecting with, and influencing, such movements as modernization in Japan, the development of international organizations, socialism in many parts of the world, and, in our own day, machine translation. KEY WORDS Esperanto, Esperanto community, interlinguistic research, language ideology CLASSIFICATION JEL: O20 *Corresponding author, : [email protected]; +1 860 768 4448; *Mortensen Library, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA Introduction: in search of Esperanto INTRODUCTION In an influential essay some years ago, the late Richard Wood described Esperanto as “a voluntary, non-ethnic, non-territorial speech community” [1]. -
A Brief Introduction to Constructed Languages
A Brief Introduction to Constructed Languages An essay by Laurier Rochon Piet Zwart Institute : June 2011 3750 words Abstract The aim of this essay will be to provide a general overview of what is considered a "constructed language" (also called conlang, formalized language or artificial language) and explore some similarities, differences and specific properties that set these languages apart from natural languages. This essay is not meant to be an exhaustive repertoire of all existing conlangs, nor should it be used as reference material to explain or dissect them. Rather, my intent is to explore and distill meaning from particular conlangs subjectively chosen for their proximity to my personal research practice based on empirical findings I could infer from their observation and brief use. I will not tackle the task of interpreting the various qualities and discrepancies of conlangs within this short study, as it would surely consist of an endeavour of its own. It should also be noted that the varying quality of documentation available for conlangs makes it difficult to find either peer-reviewed works or independent writings on these subjects. As a quick example, many artistic languages are conceived and solely used by the author himself/herself. This person is obviously the only one able to make sense of it. This short study will not focus on artlangs, but one would understand the challenge in analyzing such a creation: straying away from the beaten path affords an interesting quality to the work, but also renders difficult a precise analytical study of it. In many ways, I have realized that people involved in constructing languages are generally engaging in a fringe activity which typically does not gather much attention - understandably so, given the supremacy of natural languages in our world. -
Esperanto Phraseology
Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems 13(2), 250-263, 2015 ESPERANTO PHRASEOLOGY Sabine Fiedler* University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany DOI: 10.7906/indecs.13.2.5 Received: 22 April 2014. Regular article Accepted: 9 June 2014. ABSTRACT The contribution deals with the phrasicon of Esperanto, i.e. the inventory of idioms, phrases, proverbs, catchphrases and other items of pre-fabricated speech that are stored in speakers’ mental lexicon. On the basis of origins, Esperanto phraseology can be classified into three groups: First, many phraseological units have entered the language through various other languages. This group includes classical loan translations especially from the Bible as well as ad-hoc loans introduced by speakers from their mother tongues more or less spontaneously. Secondly, there is a group of planned, i.e. consciously created, phraseological units. They mainly go back to Zamenhof, the initiator of the language, who published an Esperanto Proverb Collection (Proverbaro Esperanta) in 1910. Thirdly, there are phraseological units which have their origin in the language and the cultural life of the speech community. The paper will show that the planned language Esperanto, with its agglutinative character, free word order and flexible word formation, possesses the prerequisites for creating stylistically appealing and catchy phraseological units. An analysis of literary and journalistic texts as well as oral communication in Esperanto reveals that its phraseology is widely used and that authors like to modify phrases and idioms according to the textual situation. The use of phraseological units proves that Esperanto is a living language. Phraseology can be considered a criterion for assessing the successful development of the planned language system from a project to a full-fledged language. -
Esperanto, Civility, and the Politics of Fellowship: A
ESPERANTO, CIVILITY, AND THE POLITICS OF FELLOWSHIP: A COSMOPOLITAN MOVEMENT FROM THE EASTERN EUROPEAN PERIPHERY A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Notre Dame in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Ana Velitchkova Omar Lizardo, Director Graduate Program in Peace Studies and Sociology Notre Dame, Indiana July 2014 © Copyright by ANA MILENOVA VELITCHKOVA 2014 All rights reserved ESPERANTO, CIVILITY, AND THE POLITICS OF FELLOWSHIP: A COSMOPOLITAN MOVEMENT FROM THE EASTERN EUROPEAN PERIPHERY Abstract by Ana Velitchkova This dissertation examines global, regional, state-, group-, and person-level processes involved in the growth of the movement formed around the constructed international language Esperanto. The Esperanto movement emerged in the global arena in the late nineteenth century as a response to inequalities in the nation-state field. In the course of several decades, the movement established a new global field based on the logic of equal communication through Esperanto and on the accumulation of cultural capital. While the field gained autonomy from the nation-state field, it has not been recognized as its equal. Persons endowed with cultural capital but lacking political and economic capital have been particularly drawn to Esperanto. Ironically, while attempting to overcome established unfair distinctions based on differential accumulation of political and economic capital, the Esperanto movement creates and maintains new distinctions and inequalities based on cultural capital accumulation. Ana Velitchkova At the regional level, the Esperanto movement became prominent in state- socialist Eastern Europe in the second half of the twentieth century. The movement found unexpected allies among independent states in the Eastern European periphery. -
The Perfect Language and the Mathematicians
Jekyll.comm 1 – marzo 2002 Mathematicians and the perfect language: Giuseppe Peano’s case By Daniele Gouthier, Nico Pitrelli and Ivan Pupolizo Master’s Degree Course in Scientific Communication – ISAS – Trieste – Italy Attempts to create an International Artificial Language (IAL) have kept pace with the evolution of modern science. Ever since Galileo’s time, scientists have been interested in how to create a perfect language (the adjective “perfect” takes on the meaning of “universal” or “unambiguous” depending on the period) capable of supporting communication at a horizontal level i.e. within the scientific community, and at a vertical level, i.e. between scientists and the public. The first goal of this article is to describe briefly how this need for a perfect language developed over the past years. Special attention will be spent on the mathematicians’ role, especially Giuseppe Peano’s. The second goal is to illustrate how Giuseppe Peano’s contribution to this debate proved twofold and led to various conclusions. The Italian mathematician played a leading role in the creation of a perfect language, both at a horizontal and a vertical level. On the one hand, there is his successful attempt to introduce a standard logical and symbolic system of notation, which became essential for communication among mathematicians. On the other hand, there is the complete failure of his ambitious Latino sine flexione (Latin without inflection), a perfect language which died with its creator. Introduction People have been interested in the creation of a perfect language for more than two thousand years. From ancient Greek philosophers to present PC programmers, the search for a universal language is ever present in the history of culture and, more specifically, of science. -
The International Language Esperanto a Course Ĉi Tiu Kurso Estis Adaptita El La Iama 10-Leciona Esperanto-Kurso Aǔ Free Esperanto Course
The International Language Esperanto A Course Ĉi tiu kurso estis adaptita el la iama 10-leciona Esperanto-kurso aǔ Free Esperanto Course. La materialo estis rearanĝata, por ke ĝi funkciu kaj rete kaj por poŝta, papera koresponda kurso kaj kiel kurso-libro en ĉeestaj kursoj. Grafike ĝin prilaboris Nino Vessella, Harnyos Ferenc kaj João Vicente. Kunordigis Renato Corsetti. Introduction WHAT IS ESPERANTO? Esperanto, the international language, is a language developed to make it easier for people of different cultures to communicate. Its author, Dr. L. L. Zamenhof (1859-1917), published his "Lingvo Internacia" in 1887 under the pseudonym "Dr. Esperanto". It is now spoken by at least two million people, in over 100 countries. There are thousands of books and over 100 periodicals published currently. But what makes it any more international than French, English or Russian? Incorrectly termed ’artificial’ (the right word is ’planned’), Esperanto is specifically intended for international/intercultural use, so those who use it meet each other on an equal footing, since neither is using his or her native language. With national languages, the average person isn’t able to express himself as well as a native speaker or the gifted linguist. Thanks to its simple, logical, regular design, anyone can learn Esperanto fairly rapidly. A LIVING LANGUAGE Esperanto is a living language, used for everything people use any other language for. But it’s much easier to learn than a national language. Even people who can’t remember a word of a language they studied for years in high school or college need only months of intensive study to become fluent in Esperanto. -
Hejmfarita Abortigo Virkolbaso Mem-Kanibalado Vigla
1. Kreu PDF de tiu ĉi hejmfarita abortigo virkolbaso dokumento kun po 9 paĝoj sur ĉiu A4-folio. 2. Presu tion sur blanka 200gsm papero. 3. Enplastigu en 2x75μ. 4. Eltranĉu per "reverse wonky rectangle". Kartoj Kartoj Kartoj Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Esperantujo Esperantujo Esperantujo mem-kanibalado vigla mansvingado senflugpovaj birdoj Kartoj Kartoj Kartoj Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Esperantujo Esperantujo Esperantujo fotoj de mamoj fari la ĝustan agon ĉas-akcidentoj Kartoj Kartoj Kartoj Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Esperantujo Esperantujo Esperantujo kartuna kamelo, kiu la malrespekto de la Viagra ĝuas la plaĉan niaj plej bazaj homaj guston de cigaredo rajtoj Kartoj Kartoj Kartoj Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Esperantujo Esperantujo Esperantujo memmalamo muskolegoj honesta policano sen plu io ajn perdebla Kartoj Kartoj Kartoj Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Esperantujo Esperantujo Esperantujo memelektita rifuzo ekvilibra Red Bull matenmanĝo Kartoj Kartoj Kartoj Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Esperantujo Esperantujo Esperantujo kaŝi erekton dormigaj drogoj Renato Corsetti Kartoj Kartoj Kartoj Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Esperantujo Esperantujo Esperantujo Twitter La Praeksplodo amputuloj Kartoj Kartoj Kartoj Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Esperantujo Esperantujo Esperantujo Boris Jelcin Angela Merkel esti ekskludita Kartoj Kartoj Kartoj Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Esperantujo Esperantujo Esperantujo nazmuko kovi ovon brakumado Kartoj Kartoj Kartoj Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Esperantujo Esperantujo Esperantujo Napoleon La Papo blankigita pugtruo Kartoj Kartoj Kartoj Kontraŭ Kontraŭ Kontraŭ