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Cambridge University Press 0521594553 - State and Society in the : The Middle Rhine Valley, 400- 1000 Matthew Innes Index More information

INDEX

Aachen , , , ,  Alzey , , – Adalard, Count , –, fig.  Amorbach, monastery  Adalbero, bishop of Augsburg and of Andernach  Lorsch  Angela, wife of Cancor –, fig. ,  Adalbert, bishop of and chronicler  Angers  Adalbert, of Otakar –, fig.  Annales Nazariani  Adalbert, son of Witagowo , fig.  Annales school of historians  Adalbert, count of Trier – Annals of Fulda ,  Adalbert, Count  Aquitaine ,  Adalgisel-Grimo, at Verdun , archaeology: importance of, ; used as source,   (church foundation), – (grave-goods), Adalhelm, Count, father of Willeswind , – (rural settlements), – figs. ,  (transition from Roman to Merovingian), Adalung, abbot of Lorsch  – (Merovingian society); see also burial, administration –, –; mechanics of grave-goods –; Roman –; see also capitularies, aristocracy, definition of – counts, government, state arms, see weapons advocate –, , , –; of Fulda –; army, Frankish –; mobilisation orders and of Rheims ; of Seligenstadt –,  politics , ,  Aetius, master of the soldiers – army, Roman –; see also horses, military Agantheo, client of Einhard’s  service, soldiers, violence, weapons Aggiold, local landowner  Arnulf, Emperor , –, –, –, agri decumates  fig.  Alahfrid, client of Einhard’s  Askmundesheim  Alans  associations, sworn –, –; see also Alapsi, scribe  oaths Alberich, Count in s , –, fig.  Attigny  Alberich, Count in s, descendant of Count Auerbach  Alberich – , –, ; see also Liège, Alberich, son of Count Alberich (s) , Lotharingia, Meuse, Moselle fig.  Alemans, Alemannia –, –, , , , Bad Kreuznach, see Kreuznach , , , , , ,  bannus , , – allod (allodium)  banquets, see feasts, feasting alms –, –, –,  Banzleib, Margrave of –,  Alsace , , , , ,  Batdagis, local landowner ,  Altheim  Baturich, bishop of Regensburg  Althoff, Gerd, historian  Baugolf, Count, then abbot of Fulda , , Altrip ,  , , , fig.  Altstadt  Baumerlenbach, nunnery – 

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521594553 - State and Society in the Early Middle Ages: The Middle Rhine Valley, 400- 1000 Matthew Innes Index More information

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Bavaria, Bavarians , , –, , , on military service –, –, ; on , , ,  poor , , ; post-Carolingian reception ,  of , ; on political organisation –, benefice (beneficium): granting of benefices in ; on scabini – as social and political strategy , , –, Carloman, King, brother of , –; specific examples –, –, , , fig.  , , , , , ; see also Carloman, King, son of Louis the German feudalism, lordship, military service, , , fig.  precarial grant, vassal cartularies, compilation of –,  Bensheim , –,  cemeteries: and Carolingian society –; and Berahtolah, tenant in Mainz  commemoratio –, –; and Berengar II, King of Italy  Merovingian society –, –, –; Berengar, Count –, fig.  and rural settlement –; see also burial, Bergheim  grave-goods Bermersheim  centena, see hundred Bernarius, bishop of Worms  Charlemagne, Emperor , , , –, Bertild, noble woman  –, , –, , , –, fig. ; Bingen , , , , , , , , forgeries in his name – –,  , – Binin, local landowner – , Emperor , –, Birkenau  –, , fig.  bishops, bishoprics: political role of –, , Emperor –, fig.  –, –, , , ; origins of , , King  , ; see also church charters: abandoned in favour of notices –; Blies, river (Bleisgau) ,  audience for , –, –, , ; as blinding  evidence , –, –; introduction of –, Bloch, Marc, historian  ; and piety –; read aloud , –, Boniface, Saint, of Mainz , , –; survival of –, ; as visible –, , –,  objects –, ,  Bonn  Childeric, King  Borgolte, Michael, historian – children: given to monasteries , –; given Bretzenheim  to secular patron –, ,  bridges, upkeep of – Chrodegang, bishop of Metz –, , , Briesgau, region of Alemannia – , , , fig.  Brittany  church, churches: foundation and endowment Bruheim  of –; organisation of estates –; as Bruno, archbishop of ,  social centres –, –, –; Burchard, bishop of Worms –, –; political functions of –, –, , Life of –; legislation for his familia , –, –, –, , , ; see also  bishops, monasteries Burchard, dux of  cities –; see also towns, urbanism Burchard, Count, son of Count Walaho , clearances ,  fig.  Cloppenheim  Burgundy, Burgundians , –,  Clovis, King – burial –; and commemoration –, ; Colmar  with grave-goods –, –, –; Cologne  political significance of –, , ; commemoration: and burial –, , ; and settlement patterns –; see also and cartularies ; and documents –; and cemeteries, grave-goods gift-giving –, esp. –, –, , ; Bürstadt , , ,  and land , –, –, ; liturgical , , –, –, –, , –, , ; Cancor, Count –, –, –, , secular –, –; and power , ; and –, , figs. ,  women –,  capitularies: and Carolingian government –, community, county –; rural –, –; –, –, , –; on lordship ; and rural settlement –



© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521594553 - State and Society in the Early Middle Ages: The Middle Rhine Valley, 400- 1000 Matthew Innes Index More information

Index

Conrad I, King , , , fig.  (s) ; involving Rheims land in Vosges Conrad ‘the Red’, dux of Lotharingia –, ; in Saalegau () ; over Mettlach , fig.  () ; over donation to Prüm, (–) Conrad, Count, father of Conrad I –, –; over legacy of Gerold in mid-tenth fig.  century –, ; between Worms and Conrad, Count , – Lorsch late tenth and early eleventh century Constance  , – constitution, ‘Germanic’ , –, –, ; Dolgesheim  in historiography – Donauwerth, battle ()  continuity: of , ; in recent Dorestad  historiography –, , –; of Dossenheim  Roman sites ; of taxation and Dreiech , – administration , – Drogo, bishop of Metz  corvées – Dromersheim  counts , –, –, , –, –, Duby, Georges, historian – –, –; see also county, pagus duchy, dux: late Roman ; Merovingian –, county: Carolingian –, –; post- , ; tenth-century –, –; see Carolingian –; for use of comitatus in also Alsace, Austrasia, Lotharingia, sources –; see also counts, pagus Thuringia, Würzburg court, legal, see disputes; mallus; meetings, local dux, uses of title , , , , , , court, royal: in historiography –, –, , , , , , , –,  –; office at , ; maintenance of Durliat, Jean, historian , ,  –; political functions of –, –, , , –, –, –, –, , eastern provinces, provinces east of Rhine and , , –, –, , , –, their integration into the Frankish kingdom , ; Roman Imperial – –, –, –, – Crapucha, daughter of Otakar –, fig.  Ebbo, archbishop of Rheims  Cunicpert, Count  Eberhard, dux of the –, , fig.  Eberhard, local landowner  Dagaleich, peasant  Eberhard, lord of Sigehard  Dagulf, royal huntsman  Eberwine, local landowner  Dalheim –,  Echternach – death –; see burial, cemeteries, Edingen  commemoration Egiher, local landowner  Deidesheim  Eichstätt  deo sacrata , , ; see also Eimsheim –,  Dienheim –, , , , –, , –, Einhard –, –, , , , , , –, –, , – , , ; his Letters , , –, –, disputes, settlement of –, –, ; see , , –, –, , –, , also courts, local; feud , , , , , ; his Translatio , disputes, specific, in chronological order: over –,  Umstadt () ; over Lorsch () , Elisabeth, daughter of Otakar –, fig.  –; over Mettlach () –; over Emhild, of Milz ,  Schwanheim () –, , –; over Engilhelm, local landowner , – Heppenheim () ; over Dienheim tolls Eppelheim  () –; over Eimsheim () –; Ercanfrida, wife of Count Nithard –, over Hornbach in time of Charlemagne – ; over a dead baby at Tauberbischofsheim Erenfrid, Count  in time of Leoba –; over Dienheim, Erfurt  () –; over Hünfeld () , –; Erlebald, local landowner , fig.  over Swarzesmuore () ; between Count Erluin, client of Count Megingoz ,  Poppo and Gundhart (s) –; Ermbert, bishop of Worms , , , fig.  between archbishop of Mainz and peasants Ermentrude, wife of Charles the Bald , fig. (s) ; between Count Poppo and  poachers (s) ; involving Alahfrid Esslingen, monastery , –, –



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estates: in Carolingian period –, –; in Friese, Eckhard, historian  Merovingian period –; and military Freising  obligations –; and royal service freedom: definition of –, , –, ; –; see also land and military service –; and royal ethnicity, ethnic identity: and archaeology service –; and taxation and tribute –; of Austrasians and Neustrians –; and tenurial structures –, –, –; of Franks –, –; and , ; threats to –, ; see also peasants Roman frontier ; of Thuringians – friendship (amicitia), as form of alliance , Eucherius, bishop of Orleans  , ,  Eufemia, daughter of Count Cancor –, fig. Frisians, , –; at Worms – ,  frontier: east Frankish–Lotharingian, , evidence, –; reliance of historians upon , –; Frankish–Aleman (c.) , fig. ; –, , –, x; survival of –, –, Frankish–Thuringian , ; Roman  –; Rhine as , –, ,  excavation, see archaeology Frumold, royal vassal – exchanges of land –, , –,  Fulco, bishop of Worms  exemptions, from royal service and tax –, Fulda, monastery , –, –, –, , –, , , ; see also immunities , , –, –, , –, , –, , , , –. –, –, , faithful men, see fideles –, – family, see kinship Fulrad, abbot of Saint-Denis –, , , Fastrada, wife of Charlemagne –, ,   feasts, feasting: and burial –; and commemoration –; political and social Ganshof, F.-L., historian  function , ,  Gaul , , , , , , –, ; see festivals, religious as occasions for political also Loire, western events , , , , , ; see also Gebhard, Count , , , , fig.  monasteries, lay visits to Gebhard, Count, son of Count Gebhard , feud –, , , –,  , –, fig.  feudalism, feudal revolution, feudal society: Geilrat, daughter of Otakar –, fig.  meanings of , ; and military service Geismar – –; ‘feudal revolution’, emergence of Gengenbach, monastery  ‘feudal society’ , –; see also benefice, gentry, definition – lordship, vassals Gerard, Count  Fichtenau, Heinrich, historian  Gernsheim  fideles, fidelity: definition of –, , ; Geroin, scribe – military service of –; specific examples Gerold, Count –, fig.  of –, , , , , ; see also Gerold, local landowner , –,  infidelity Gerward, Lorsch  Fischbach, monastery  Gewilib, bishop of Mainz  Flonheim –, , –, – Ghent  Florstadt  gifts, gift-giving: to church –; and honour foederati – ; and inheritance –; and law –; Folcnand, tribune – and lordship –, ; to kings –; from Fontenoy, battle ()  kings –, –, ; see also benefices, forests , –, , –; see also precarial grants, reciprocity hunting ‘gilds’, see associations, sworn forfeiture of offices and royal lands , , Gisela, wife of Count Megingoz , fig.  , –, , , , – Giselbert, Count  forgery , , – Giselhelm, local landowner , – fortifications –, , – Glan, river  Franco, brother of Burchard of Worms  Göllheim  Frankfurt –, , , , , , , Gonsenheim  , , , , –,  Gorze, monastery , , , , , –, Frederick, archbishop of Mainz  , 



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government –, –; Carolingian Hesbaye ,  –, –, –, –, –, –, ,  –; local –, –; mechanics of Hessi, scribe  –; Merovingian –, –, –, Hetti, archbishop of Trier  –, –, –, –; Ottonian Hildebold, bishop of Worms , ,  –, –; Roman,– Hildebrandslied  Grabfeld , , –,  Hildegard, wife of Charlemagne –, , grave-goods –, –, –; see also figs. ,  burial, cemeteries Hiltibald, scribe  Gregory, bishop of Tours, historian –, Hofheim ,  – honores , –, –, , ; removal Grimald, abbot of Wissembourg , –, of , , , – –,  honour – Gundhart, local landowner –, –,  Hornbach, monastery , , , , , Guntland, abbot of Lorsch , , , , , , –, , – –, fig.  horses –, , –,  , Count and royal vassal , , , Hortlaic, local landowner   Hraban, abbot of Fulda and archbishop of Guntram, Count, brother of Hraban Maur Mainz , –, , –, , –, –, fig. , , , , –, –, , , , , , , , –, –, ,  fig.  Guntram, monk, son of Count Guntram –, Hraban, Count  fig.  Hruotswind, wife of Otakar –, fig.  Hruotmond, local landowner  Hadurih, hundredman  Hugh, count of Tours –,  Hafti, local landowner ,  Huna, wife of Alberich , fig.  Hiaebo, scribe – hundred – Hammelburg , , ,  Huneburc, of Heidenheim  Hannig, Jürgen, historian ,  Hünfeld , , – haribannus –; exemptions from –, Hunfrid, abbot of St-Bertin and bishop of – Thérouanne –, fig.  harmscara – Hunsrück ,  Haßloch  hunting , , , , , ,  Hatto, abbot of Fulda  Hatto, archbishop of Mainz ,  Idiburga, wife of Gerold  Hatto, Count, eighth century , – immunities, justice within –; lie with Hatto, Count, s , –,  county and pagus ; basis for territorial Hatto, local landowner – power –; see also exemptions Heddesheim – Indiculus Loricatorum  Heidenheim, nunnery  infidelity ,   Ingelheim , , , , ,  Heimerich, Count, son of Cancor –, , inheritance: and death ritual –; of land , , –, , figs. ,  –; of office –, – Helmswind, daughter of Nordpert –, fig.  Italy , , , ,  Henry I, King  Henry II, Emperor , , ,  Jovinus, Emperor  Henry, Count (brother of Heriric) , fig.  jurisdiction –, , –, –, , , Henry, Count (nephew of Poppo) , fig.  – Heppenheim , , –,  Heribert, Count  kinship –, –; and church –, Herirad, scribe – –, –, –; and land –, –; Herirac, local landowner – and lordship –; ‘official’ and ‘practical’ Hermann, client of Heimerich ,  , –, –; and social mobility –; Hersfeld, monastery , ,  amongst unfree – Herstal ,  knights, see milites

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Königsnähe , , ,  , , –, –, , , , Königstedt – –, , – Kreuznach , ,  Lothar I, Emperor , , –, , , –, fig.  Ladenburg , , , , , , –, Lothar II, King –, , , , , fig. –, ,   Laelianus, Emperor ,  Lotharingia –, , –, , –, Lahn, river ,  –, –,  land: of church –, –, , –, ; Louis the Child, King , , fig.  of elite –; giving of –, –, Louis the German, King –, , –, –, –, ; incidents on –; law , –, , fig.  of land ownership –, –; of , Emperor , , –, , peasantry –, –, , , , –; , , , , –, , , , royal –, –, , –, , –, fig.  –, , –, –, –, ; Louis the Younger, King , , –, tenure of –; see also benefice, estates, , , , , fig.  exchanges, gifts, precarial grants, sales Lull, Archbishop of Mainz ,  Landesgeschichte – Langen  Maas, see Meuse Langres  Maastricht  Lantswind, daughter of Otakar –, fig.  Magyars ,  Laubenheim ,  , river , , , , –, , , , , law: and collective action –; dispute , , , , , , , ,  settlement –, –; and land –; Mainz , , –, , , , , –, –, and lordship –, –, –, –, –, , , , , , , , –, , –; written law-codes , –, , , , , , –, , –, –, – , , , , , , , –, Leoba, abbess of Tauberbischofsheim , , , , ,  –,  mallus , , , , –; see also letters ; see also Einhard meetings, local Leutersheim  mancipia , ; see also slavery Lex Ribuaria ,  Mannheim ,  Lex Thuringiorum  Manold, local landowner  Libfarius, scribe  manors –; and settlement patterns  Liège area , , ,  Marahbergen  literacy: and Carolingian government , , Marcellinus, Saint: translation of ; as a patron –; and charters –; and Ottonian –; see also Seligenstadt government ; and scribes –; see also Marcward, abbot of Prüm  capitularies, charters, law marks –, –, ,  Liutbert, archbishop of Mainz ,  marriage: politics of , , , , –, Liutfrid, Count  , , , ; of unfree , , , ; Liutgard, daughter of Otto I , fig.  of vassals ; see also morning-gift Liutolf, local landowner  Matfrid, count of Orléans  Liutwine, Saint, bishop of Trier –, fig.  Matfrid, Count, brother of Gerard  Lobdengau , , ,  Meersen, Treaty of () ,  Loire, river , ,  meetings: local , , , –, –, lordship –, , –, –, –, –; –, –, ; royal assemblies , of kings over church , , –, –, , –, , , , , , , –; over land –; and military service , , , , , ,  –; rights of lords over dependants , Meginfrid, client of Count Conrad – –, –; territorial –, –, , Megingoz, bishop of Würzburg   Megingoz, Count, relation of King Odo , Lorsch , , , –, , –, –, , , –, –, , fig.  –, –, –, –, , , , Megingoz, Count  –, , –, , , , , , Meginrata, nun, sister of Hraban –, fig. 

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Merovingians: establishment of –; political Nonn, Ulrich, historian  system –, , , ; territorial Nonnenmunster, nunnery ,  organisation –, – Nordpert, brother of Otakar –, fig.  Merseberg  Nordheim  messengers –, ,  Notbald, scribe  Mettenheim  nuns, nunneries –, , – Mettlach, monastery –, , , ,  Metz –, , ,  oaths: and associations –, –, –; of Meuse, river , ,  fidelity –, , ; and friendship , Michelstadt  ; and peacemaking ,  military service – Oda, wife of Zwentibald – milites , , – Odenwald , –, –, , , , – Milo, bishop of Trier ,  Odo, king of west Francia  Milz, nunnery ,  Odo, count of Orléans , ,  ministerium –, –, , , – Odo, son of Gebhard – miracles  n.,  Odo, son of Robert the Strong ,  missi dominici , – office –, –, –, , –, mobility: geographical –, –, , –, –, –, – –, –, –, ; social –, Oppau  – Oppenheim ,  Moda, wife of Engilhelm – Orléans , ,  monasteries: endowment of –, ; osterstufa – foundation of –; lay visits to , , , Otakar, local landowner –, –, fig. , , , , , –, –; royal lordship ,  of –, , –, ; and royal Otakar, follower of Louis the German  government –; as social centres –; Otfrid, Wissembourg monk  as providors of scribes – Otgar, archbishop of Mainz , , , , Monheim, nunnery – , – Morgenstadt  Otto I, Emperor – morning-gift –, , –; see also marriage Otto II, Emperor  Moselle, river , , , , –, , , Otto III, Emperor  , , , , , –, , –, Otto, dux of Saxony  , , ; see also Austrasia, Lotharingia, Otto of Worms, son of Conrad the Red , Metz, Trier – Münster-Dreisen, monastery  Ottonians –, – Murbach, monastery , – Paderborn – Nachenheim  pagus –, –, , –, ,  Nahe, river , ,  palaces, upkeep of – Nahegau ,  Paris  Nanthar, Count  parishes  Nazarius, Saint: translation of –; as patron pauperes, see poor , –; see also Lorsch peacemaking , , ,  Neckar, river , –, , , , , , peasants , –, , , –; and church , ; see also Lobdengau –, –, , –; jurisdiction over -am-Main, monastery  unfree –; military service of –; –; see also Loire, Paris, Orleans, royal service of –; tax and tribute paid western Francia by –; tenurial position of –; see also Nierstein ,  freedom, land Nijmegen  Peter, Saint: translation of ; patronage of Nilkheim, church  –; see also Seligenstadt Nithard, count of Trier –, – Petersberg, monastic cell  Nithard, historian  Pfeddersheim  nobility, vocabulary of, –; see also pilgrimage, to Rome  aristocracy, elites Pippin, King , –

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© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521594553 - State and Society in the Early Middle Ages: The Middle Rhine Valley, 400- 1000 Matthew Innes Index More information

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Pippin II, mayor of the palace ,  Ricbod, abbot of Lorsch and archbishop of Pirmin, Saint  Trier, on ‘reform’  Planig , – Riculf, archbishop of Mainz  Plankstadt  Rimibert, bishop of Mainz  political thought – Ripwin, local landowner , – polyptychs –, –, –, , –; and ritual: at law –; political –, ,  military service –, ; and royal levies roads: upkeep of –; from Metz to Worms – , ; Roman  poor: protection of –, , ; military Roden, nunnery – service of –,  Rohrbach  Poppo, Count –, –, , –, , Roman Empire: , –, , ; influence , , , fig.  of legal practice from , , ; survival of Poppo, Count , fig.  infrastructure –, –, –, ; power –, , –, , –; local tenurial arrangements within ,  –; political –; public and private Roman sites: and Christianity , –; and – pagus system –; and urbanism – prayer –, , –, –, –, –, Roxheim  –, ,  royal service –; evasion of –; as index precarial grants (precaria) , –, –, , of freedom  , , , , –, –, , – Rudit, local landowner  private , –, , –, –; private Rudolf, bishop of Würzburg  justice – Rudolf, Fulda monk: author of Life of Leoba property: vocabulary of, –, –; see also ; on ordeal of the cross ; as scribe ; land political career ,  prosopography, as methodology, –, – Rudwig, local landowner – Prüm, monastery , , , – Ruochar, Count  public , , –, –; public action Rupert, Saint, bishop of Worms and Salzburg, –; ‘public functions’ –; , –, fig. ; relics of  ‘representative publicness’ ; vocabulary in Rupert, dux of Hesbaye –, fig.  charters –, – Rupert, Count, father of Cancor –, , fig.  Rachel, daughter of Cancor –, figs. ,  Rupert, Count, descendant of Cancor , , Radolf, dux of Thuringia  –, , , , , , fig.  Raffold, Count  Rupert, Count, also known as Robert the Ratbod, local landowner – Strong –. –, –, , , Ratgar, abbot of Fulda  –, , , , fig.  Ratleig, abbot of Seligenstadt ,  Rupert, son of Turincbert –, fig.  Ratolf, local landowner ,  Rupert, local landowner, kin of Megingoz rebellion: (in –) –, ; (in ) ;  (in ) –; (in –) –; (in ) rural settlements –, –, – –; (in ) ; (in ) –, ; Rutwine, local landowner  (in –)  Ruthard, Count  reciprocity, and power –, , –, , –, –, – Saale, river  reform: of church , , , , –; and Saalegau  Carolingian politics –, –, – Saar , ,  Reichenau, monastery  St Gallen, monastery  relics –, –, , –, ; of St Goar, monastery , ,  Boniface –; of Marcellinus and Peter St Trond, monastery ,  –, –; of Nazarius , ; Roman Saint Denis ; see also Fulrad –; of Rupert  St Maximian, Trier, monastery –, – residences, aristocratic , , , –, – sales of land , –,  Rethel, monastery  Salzburg , ,  Rheims , , , ,  Samuel, abbot of Lorsch and bishop of Worms Rheingau , , , , ,  , , , 

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© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521594553 - State and Society in the Early Middle Ages: The Middle Rhine Valley, 400- 1000 Matthew Innes Index More information

Index

Saulheim –,  Trier , –, , ,  Saxony , –, , , ,  Turincbert, brother of Cancor –, fig. ,  scabini –, , , – Tuto, local landowner  Scarra  Schulze, H. K., historian  Umstadt , , – Schwetzingen  unfree, see slaves Schwanheim –, , – urbanism –; and church – scribes – Utrecht  Seligenstadt, monastery , –, –, , , ,   Selz  vassals –, –; and government –, servi  , , , , , ,  Sigebert II, King  Verdun ,  Sigehard, local landowner  Verdun, Treaty of ()  slaves –,  villa –, – social status –; links to military service violence –, , –, –, , – –, , , – Sölnhofen, monastic cell – Visigoths  sources, see evidence Vosges –, , ,  ,  Speyer , , –, –, , , , Wackernheim , –,  ,  Walaho, Count , fig.  Staab, Franz, historian  Walaram, local landowner –, –, Starcharius, scribe  fig.  state –, –, –, , –, – Walbert, Hornbach monk and priest  Stephen, Count –, , , fig.  Waldo, abbot of Schwarzach , fig.  Stockstadt – Wallerstädt  Strasbourg , ,  Waltolf, local landowner – Sturm, Life of  Waltrata, wife of Walaram – Sueves  Waning, client of Baugolf  Suntilingen  Warin, Count , , , , , –, Swarzesmuore  – Swicgar, Count , – Wattenheim – weapons: gifts of – (from lords),  (from Tauberbischofsheim, nunnery , – monasteries),  (to king),  (as grave- Taunus, mountains  goods); social significance of ,  tax: Frankish –; haribannus –; ostarstufa Wegelenzo, local landowner – –; Roman – Weiblingen  Tegernsee, monastery  Weinheim , ,  Thegan, , ; on Ebbo of Rheims ; and Weinsheim  Count Hatto ; on royal gifts  Weliman, scribe  Theotamar, Fulda monk and scribe  Werner, Count –, –, , –, Theotamar, local landowner – fig.  Theotbald, dux of Thuringia  Werner, joint owner of Hornbach  Theotrich, scribe  Weschnitz, river ,  Thionville  western Francia , –, –, –, Tholey, monastery  –, , ,  Thuringia, Thuringians , , , , , Wetterau ,  , –,  Wetzlar  tithe – Wicbert, Count  Tournai  Wido, dux of Spoleto  towns, see urbanism Wido, Count  trade –, ,  Widukind of Corvey, historian  Trebur - , , ,  Wiglar, scribe  tribute – Wigrich, judge 

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Index

Wilauwilare  ; see also deo sacrata, marriage, morning- Willeswind, mother of Cancor , , – gift, nuns Willibald, bishop of Eichstätt ,  Worms , , , –, , , , , , Willibert, local landowner – , –, –, –, , , , Willibert, local landowner – –, , , , , , , , Willibrord, Saint  , , , , , , , , Winebert, dependant of St-Arnulf’s, Metz  –, –, –, , –,  Wingarteiba –, ,  Wormsgau , , , ,  Wissembourg , –, , , , , , Wülflingen  , –, , , , , , – Würzburg , , , ,  Witagowo, Count – Wynnebald, abbess of Heidenheim  witnesses, significance of , , , – Wolfram, scribe  Zeizo, hundredman – women: and church –, , –; in family Zenten – –; in politics , , , –, Zullestein  –, , , , ; unfree women Zwentibald, King –

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