Cambridge University Press 0521594553 - State and Society in the Early Middle Ages: The Middle Rhine Valley, 400- 1000 Matthew Innes Index More information INDEX Aachen , , , , Alzey , , – Adalard, Count , –, fig. Amorbach, monastery Adalbero, bishop of Augsburg and abbot of Andernach Lorsch Angela, wife of Cancor –, fig. , Adalbert, bishop of Trier and chronicler Angers Adalbert, brother of Otakar –, fig. Annales Nazariani Adalbert, son of Witagowo , fig. Annales school of historians Adalbert, count of Trier – Annals of Fulda , Adalbert, Count Aquitaine , Adalgisel-Grimo, deacon at Verdun , archaeology: importance of, ; used as source, (church foundation), – (grave-goods), Adalhelm, Count, father of Willeswind , – (rural settlements), – figs. , (transition from Roman to Merovingian), Adalung, abbot of Lorsch – (Merovingian society); see also burial, administration –, –; mechanics of grave-goods –; Roman –; see also capitularies, aristocracy, definition of – counts, government, state arms, see weapons advocate –, , , –; of Fulda –; army, Frankish –; mobilisation orders and of Rheims ; of Seligenstadt –, politics , , Aetius, master of the soldiers – army, Roman –; see also horses, military Agantheo, client of Einhard’s service, soldiers, violence, weapons Aggiold, local landowner Arnulf, Emperor , –, –, –, agri decumates fig. Alahfrid, client of Einhard’s Askmundesheim Alans associations, sworn –, –; see also Alapsi, scribe oaths Alberich, Count in s , –, fig. Attigny Alberich, Count in s, descendant of Count Auerbach Alberich – Austrasia , –, ; see also Liège, Alberich, son of Count Alberich (s) , Lotharingia, Meuse, Moselle fig. Alemans, Alemannia –, –, , , , Bad Kreuznach, see Kreuznach , , , , , , bannus , , – allod (allodium) banquets, see feasts, feasting alms –, –, –, Banzleib, Margrave of Saxony –, Alsace , , , , , Batdagis, local landowner , Altheim Baturich, bishop of Regensburg Althoff, Gerd, historian Baugolf, Count, then abbot of Fulda , , Altrip , , , , fig. Altstadt Baumerlenbach, nunnery – © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521594553 - State and Society in the Early Middle Ages: The Middle Rhine Valley, 400- 1000 Matthew Innes Index More information Index Bavaria, Bavarians , , –, , , on military service –, –, ; on , , , poor , , ; post-Carolingian reception Benedict of Aniane, Saint of , ; on political organisation –, benefice (beneficium): granting of benefices in ; on scabini – as social and political strategy , , –, Carloman, King, brother of Charlemagne , –; specific examples –, –, , , fig. , , , , , ; see also Carloman, King, son of Louis the German feudalism, lordship, military service, , , fig. precarial grant, vassal cartularies, compilation of –, Bensheim , –, cemeteries: and Carolingian society –; and Berahtolah, tenant in Mainz commemoratio –, –; and Berengar II, King of Italy Merovingian society –, –, –; Berengar, Count –, fig. and rural settlement –; see also burial, Bergheim grave-goods Bermersheim centena, see hundred Bernarius, bishop of Worms Charlemagne, Emperor , , , –, Bertild, noble woman –, , –, , , –, fig. ; Bingen , , , , , , , , forgeries in his name – –, Charles Martel, mayor of the palace – Binin, local landowner – Charles the Bald, Emperor , –, Birkenau –, , fig. bishops, bishoprics: political role of –, Charles the Fat, Emperor –, fig. –, –, , , ; origins of , Charles the Simple, King , ; see also church charters: abandoned in favour of notices –; Blies, river (Bleisgau) , audience for , –, –, , ; as blinding evidence , –, –; introduction of –, Bloch, Marc, historian ; and piety –; read aloud , –, Boniface, Saint, Archbishop of Mainz , , –; survival of –, ; as visible –, , –, objects –, , Bonn Childeric, King Borgolte, Michael, historian – children: given to monasteries , –; given Bretzenheim to secular patron –, , bridges, upkeep of – Chrodegang, bishop of Metz –, , , Briesgau, region of Alemannia – , , , fig. Brittany church, churches: foundation and endowment Bruheim of –; organisation of estates –; as Bruno, archbishop of Cologne , social centres –, –, –; Burchard, bishop of Worms –, –; political functions of –, –, , Life of –; legislation for his familia , –, –, –, , , ; see also bishops, monasteries Burchard, dux of Thuringia cities –; see also towns, urbanism Burchard, Count, son of Count Walaho , clearances , fig. Cloppenheim Burgundy, Burgundians , –, Clovis, King – burial –; and commemoration –, ; Colmar with grave-goods –, –, –; Cologne political significance of –, , ; commemoration: and burial –, , ; and settlement patterns –; see also and cartularies ; and documents –; and cemeteries, grave-goods gift-giving –, esp. –, –, , ; Bürstadt , , , and land , –, –, ; liturgical , , –, –, –, , –, , ; Cancor, Count –, –, –, , secular –, –; and power , ; and –, , figs. , women –, capitularies: and Carolingian government –, community, county –; rural –, –; –, –, , –; on lordship ; and rural settlement – © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521594553 - State and Society in the Early Middle Ages: The Middle Rhine Valley, 400- 1000 Matthew Innes Index More information Index Conrad I, King , , , fig. (s) ; involving Rheims land in Vosges Conrad ‘the Red’, dux of Lotharingia –, ; in Saalegau () ; over Mettlach , fig. () ; over donation to Prüm, (–) Conrad, Count, father of Conrad I –, –; over legacy of Gerold in mid-tenth fig. century –, ; between Worms and Conrad, Count , – Lorsch late tenth and early eleventh century Constance , – constitution, ‘Germanic’ , –, –, ; Dolgesheim in historiography – Donauwerth, battle () continuity: of Christianity , ; in recent Dorestad historiography –, , –; of Dossenheim Roman sites ; of taxation and Dreiech , – administration , – Drogo, bishop of Metz corvées – Dromersheim counts , –, –, , –, –, Duby, Georges, historian – –, –; see also county, pagus duchy, dux: late Roman ; Merovingian –, county: Carolingian –, –; post- , ; tenth-century –, –; see Carolingian –; for use of comitatus in also Alsace, Austrasia, Lotharingia, sources –; see also counts, pagus Thuringia, Würzburg court, legal, see disputes; mallus; meetings, local dux, uses of title , , , , , , court, royal: in historiography –, –, , , , , , , –, –; office at , ; maintenance of Durliat, Jean, historian , , –; political functions of –, –, , , –, –, –, –, , eastern provinces, provinces east of Rhine and , , –, –, , , –, their integration into the Frankish kingdom , ; Roman Imperial – –, –, –, – Crapucha, daughter of Otakar –, fig. Ebbo, archbishop of Rheims Cunicpert, Count Eberhard, dux of the Franks –, , fig. Eberhard, local landowner Dagaleich, peasant Eberhard, lord of Sigehard Dagulf, royal huntsman Eberwine, local landowner Dalheim –, Echternach – death –; see burial, cemeteries, Edingen commemoration Egiher, local landowner Deidesheim Eichstätt deo sacrata , , ; see also nuns Eimsheim –, Dienheim –, , , , –, , –, Einhard –, –, , , , , , –, –, , – , , ; his Letters , , –, –, disputes, settlement of –, –, ; see , , –, –, , –, , also courts, local; feud , , , , , ; his Translatio , disputes, specific, in chronological order: over –, Umstadt () ; over Lorsch () , Elisabeth, daughter of Otakar –, fig. –; over Mettlach () –; over Emhild, abbess of Milz , Schwanheim () –, , –; over Engilhelm, local landowner , – Heppenheim () ; over Dienheim tolls Eppelheim () –; over Eimsheim () –; Ercanfrida, wife of Count Nithard –, over Hornbach in time of Charlemagne – ; over a dead baby at Tauberbischofsheim Erenfrid, Count in time of Leoba –; over Dienheim, Erfurt () –; over Hünfeld () , –; Erlebald, local landowner , fig. over Swarzesmuore () ; between Count Erluin, client of Count Megingoz , Poppo and Gundhart (s) –; Ermbert, bishop of Worms , , , fig. between archbishop of Mainz and peasants Ermentrude, wife of Charles the Bald , fig. (s) ; between Count Poppo and poachers (s) ; involving Alahfrid Esslingen, monastery , –, – © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521594553 - State and Society in the Early Middle Ages: The Middle Rhine Valley, 400- 1000 Matthew Innes Index More information Index estates: in Carolingian period –, –; in Friese, Eckhard, historian Merovingian period –; and military Freising obligations –; and royal service freedom: definition of –, , –, ; –; see also land and military service –; and royal ethnicity, ethnic identity: and archaeology service –; and taxation and tribute –; of Austrasians and Neustrians –; and tenurial structures –, –, –; of Franks –, –; and , ; threats to –, ; see also peasants Roman frontier ; of Thuringians – friendship (amicitia), as form of alliance , Eucherius, bishop of Orleans , , Eufemia, daughter of Count Cancor –, fig. Frisians, , –; at Worms – , frontier: east Frankish–Lotharingian, , evidence, –; reliance of historians upon , –; Frankish–Aleman (c.) , fig. ; –, , –, x; survival of –, –, Frankish–Thuringian , ; Roman –; Rhine as , –, , excavation, see archaeology Frumold, royal vassal – exchanges of land –, , –, Fulco, bishop of Worms exemptions, from royal service and tax –, Fulda, monastery , –, –, –, , –, , , ; see also immunities , , –, –, , –, , –, , , , –. –, –, , faithful men, see fideles –, – family, see kinship Fulrad, abbot of Saint-Denis –, , , Fastrada, wife of Charlemagne –, , feasts, feasting: and burial –; and commemoration –; political and social Ganshof, F.-L., historian function , , Gaul , , , , , , –, ; see