DOCSLIB.ORG

The Heirs of Alcuin: Education and Clerical Advancement in Ninth-Century Carolingian Europe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Heirs of Alcuin: Education and Clerical Advancement in Ninth-Century Carolingian Europe The Heirs of Alcuin: Education and Clerical Advancement in Ninth-Century Carolingian Europe Darren Elliot Barber Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds Institute for Medieval Studies December 2019 ii The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. iii Acknowledgements I wish to thank my supervisors, Julia Barrow and William Flynn, for their sincere encouragement and dedication to this project. Heeding their advice early on made this research even more focused, interesting, and enjoyable than I had hoped it would be. The faculty and staff of the Institute for Medieval Studies and the Brotherton Library have been very supportive, and I am grateful to Melanie Brunner and Jonathan Jarrett for their good advice during my semesters of teaching while writing this thesis. I also wish to thank the Reading Room staff of the British Library at Boston Spa for their friendly and professional service. Finally, I would like to thank Jonathan Jarrett and Charles West for conducting such a gracious viva examination for the thesis, and Professor Stephen Alford for kindly hosting the examination. iv Abstract During the Carolingian renewal, Alcuin of York (c. 740–804) played a major role in promoting education for children who would later join the clergy, and encouraging advanced learning among mature clerics. This study argues that Alcuin was also instrumental in forging a connection between education and clerical advancement as a developmental process, which scholarship has neglected due to its tendency to separate the topics of ninth-century education and the Carolingian Church. Clerical education was framed and shaped by hierarchical concepts. Alcuin recognized a hierarchy of teachers and teaching authority, ranking the biblical and theological expertise of the doctor over the more basic instruction of the magister. At the same time, Alcuin’s life as a magister served to emphasize the importance of this role as the foundation for clerical education. The term schola retained its classical and patristic connotations in the ninth century; it might refer to the entire Church as instructed by the clergy, or to any group of students learning a skill or discipline at a particular level. Alcuin associated the traditional life stages (gradus aetatis) with educational development, and these, along with the ranks of the ecclesiastical hierarchy, were the structures of advancement that Alcuin and his intellectual heirs viewed as a framework for clerical education. Educational curriculum could be based on clerical skills to be learned, life stages, or on various authors who demonstrated superior skill in composition, especially in the writing of histories. The transition from reading to composition was a crucial point in the careers of many young clerics, often involving the writing of prose and verse vitae. Many young clerics wrote these vitae at or near the time of their promotions to the higher orders, which is crucial for understanding the early careers of Alcuin’s pupils and of his ninth-century intellectual heirs. v Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................ iii Abstract .............................................................................................................. iv Abbreviations ..................................................................................................... vii Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 I. The Life of Alcuin: Redefining the Role and Status of the magister ......... 15 1. Alcuin’s Early Life at York ................................................................ 16 2. Alcuin’s Hierarchy of Teachers: The magister and the doctor .................................................................................. 24 3. Alcuin the magister at York ................................................................ 30 4. Magister and Advisor at the Royal Court .......................................... 42 5. The Hierarchy of the magister and doctor in Alcuin’s Works and Later Life ..................................................................... 54 II. The Meaning of schola in the Ninth Century ............................................. 67 1. Background .......................................................................................... 67 2. The Admonitio generalis, Alcuin, and the scholae of Readers and Singers ....................................................................... 79 3. A Letter by Leidrad of Lyon .............................................................. 87 4. Amalarius of Metz ............................................................................... 91 5. Capitularies and Episcopal Councils ................................................. 98 6. Conclusion .......................................................................................... 112 III. Structures of Advancement: The Life Stages (gradus aetatis) .............. 115 1. Modern Scholarship and the Early Life Stages .............................. 115 2. Alcuin and the Early Life Stages ...................................................... 120 vi 3. The Early Life Stages in the Ninth Century ................................... 140 IV. Structures of Advancement: The cursus honorum ................................. 155 1. Scholarship on the cursus honorum ................................................. 155 2. Ecclesiastical Promotion: Biblical and Patristic Background ................................................................................... 164 3. Ecclesiastical Hierarchy and Promotion in Conciliar and Capitular Decrees ......................................................................... 169 V. Curriculum and Clerical Advancement ................................................... 199 1. Clerical Tasks as School Subjects .................................................... 203 2. Disciplines and Subjects: Integration, Emphasis, and Progression .................................................................................... 212 3. From Reading to Writing: The Study of historia and the Composition of Saints’ Lives ....................................................... 226 VI. Prosopography and Clerical Advancement ............................................ 239 1. General Observations on Educational Careers .............................. 240 2. Hraban Maur ..................................................................................... 246 3. Lupus of Ferrières ............................................................................. 251 4. Ermenric of Ellwangen ..................................................................... 260 5. Heiric of Auxerre ............................................................................... 266 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 271 Bibliography ..................................................................................................... 277 vii Abbreviations Alcuin of York: Scholar Alcuin of York: Scholar at the Carolingian Court: at the Carolingian Court Proceedings of the Third Germania Latina Conference Held at the University of Groningen, May 1995, ed. by L. A. J. R. Houwen and A. A. MacDonald, Mediaevalia Groningana, 22 (Groningen: Egbert Forsten, 1998) Alkuin von York und die Alkuin von York und die Geistige Grundlegung Geistige Grundlegung Europas: Akten der Tagung vom 30. September bis Europas zum 2. Oktober 2004 in der Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen, ed. by Ernst Tremp and Karl Schmuki, Monasterium Sancti Galli, 5 (St Gallen: Verlag am Klosterhof, 2010) CCCM Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Mediaevalis CCSL Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina CSEL Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum Karl der Grosse und Karl der Grosse und sein Nachwirken: 1200 Jahre sein Nachwirken Kultur und Wissenschaft in Europa, 2 vols (Turnhout: Brepols, 1997–98), I: Wissen und Weltbild, ed. by P. Butzer, M. Kerner, and W. Oberschelp (1997) Mansi Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, ed. by Giovanni Domenico Mansi, completed by Louis Petit and Jean-Baptiste Martin, 54 vols in 59 (Florence and Venice: Zatta, 1759–98; repr. Paris: Welter, 1901–27; Graz: Akademische Druck-und Verlagsanstalt, 1960–61) MGH Monumenta Germaniae Historica Auct. ant. Auctores antiquissimi Capit. Capitularia regum Francorum, Legum sectio 2, ed. by Alfred Boretius and Viktor Krause, 2 vols (Hanover: Hahn, 1883–97) Capit. episc. Capitula episcoporum, vol. 1, ed. by Peter Brommer (Hanover: Hann, 1984); vol. 2, ed. by Rudolf Pokorny and Martina Stratmann (Hanover: Hann, 1995); vol. 3, ed. by Rudolf Pokorny (Hanover: Hann, 1995) viii Capit. N.S. Capitularia regum Francorum, Nova series Conc. Concilia, Legum sectio 3, Concilia, 2, Concilia aevi Karolini, ed. by Albert Werminghoff, 2 parts (Hanover: Hahn, 1906–08); 3, Die Konzilien der karolingischen Teilreiche, 843–859, ed. by Wilfried Hartmann (Hanover: Hahn, 1984); 4, Die Konzilien der karolingischen Teilreiche, 860–874, ed. by Wilfried Hartmann (Hanover: Hahn, 1998) Epp. Epistolae (in quart), 3, Epistolae Merowingici et Karolini
Load more

Recommended publications
  • By Rachel Stone
    Exploring minor clerics in early medieval Tuscany by Rachel Stone Reti Medievali Rivista, 18, 1 (2017) <http://www.retimedievali.it> Firenze University Press Reti Medievali Rivista, 18, 1 (2017) <http://rivista.retimedievali.it> ISSN 1593-2214 © 2017 Firenze University Press DOI 10.6092/1593-2214/5076 Exploring minor clerics in early medieval Tuscany* by Rachel Stone The article examines minor clerics (clerici) in Carolingian texts. Comparing episcopal capitu- laries from Italy and Francia suggests that clerici played a more prominent role in Italian church life. An analysis of charters from the monastery of Monte Amiata reveals a high proportion of clerici. They appear as a rurally-based group, with varying levels of education, but of some local social standing, and were often mature men with children. The prevalence of such clerici may be related to the northern Italian structure of pievi, and the opportunities these provided for mixed patterns of father-son and uncle-nephew inheritance of church office. The blurring of the lay/clerical divide by such clerici may have particularly worried eleventh-century church reformers coming to Italy from other regions of Western Europe. Il saggio intende fornire una panoramica sui chierici minori nelle fonti di età carolingia, che, a partire dai capitolari episcopali, mostrano un ruolo assai più rilevante in area italica rispetto alle coeve dinamiche osservabili sul suolo francese. Tra le fonti, sono soprattutto le carte – det- tagliatamente analizzate – provenienti dall’archivio del monastero di San Salvatore al Monte Amiata a mostrare una consistente presenza di clerici. Essi appaiono generalmente come un gruppo a forte radicamento rurale, differenziato al proprio interno secondo livelli non omo- genei di educazione e alfabetizzazione, ma di una qualche eminenza sociale in ambito locale e con larga presenza di individui adulti con prole.
    [Show full text]
  • First Evidence of Farming Appears; Stone Axes, Antler Combs, Pottery in Common Use
    BC c.5000 - Neolithic (new stone age) Period begins; first evidence of farming appears; stone axes, antler combs, pottery in common use. c.4000 - Construction of the "Sweet Track" (named for its discoverer, Ray Sweet) begun; many similar raised, wooden walkways were constructed at this time providing a way to traverse the low, boggy, swampy areas in the Somerset Levels, near Glastonbury; earliest-known camps or communities appear (ie. Hembury, Devon). c.3500-3000 - First appearance of long barrows and chambered tombs; at Hambledon Hill (Dorset), the primitive burial rite known as "corpse exposure" was practiced, wherein bodies were left in the open air to decompose or be consumed by animals and birds. c.3000-2500 - Castlerigg Stone Circle (Cumbria), one of Britain's earliest and most beautiful, begun; Pentre Ifan (Dyfed), a classic example of a chambered tomb, constructed; Bryn Celli Ddu (Anglesey), known as the "mound in the dark grove," begun, one of the finest examples of a "passage grave." c.2500 - Bronze Age begins; multi-chambered tombs in use (ie. West Kennet Long Barrow) first appearance of henge "monuments;" construction begun on Silbury Hill, Europe's largest prehistoric, man-made hill (132 ft); "Beaker Folk," identified by the pottery beakers (along with other objects) found in their single burial sites. c.2500-1500 - Most stone circles in British Isles erected during this period; pupose of the circles is uncertain, although most experts speculate that they had either astronomical or ritual uses. c.2300 - Construction begun on Britain's largest stone circle at Avebury. c.2000 - Metal objects are widely manufactured in England about this time, first from copper, then with arsenic and tin added; woven cloth appears in Britain, evidenced by findings of pins and cloth fasteners in graves; construction begun on Stonehenge's inner ring of bluestones.
    [Show full text]
  • SUGER: MANAGING CHURCH and STATE THROUGH ST.-DENIS Martin P
    John Carroll University Carroll Collected Masters Theses Theses, Essays, and Senior Honors Projects Summer 2017 SUGER: MANAGING CHURCH AND STATE THROUGH ST.-DENIS Martin P. McGrath John Carroll University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://collected.jcu.edu/masterstheses Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation McGrath, Martin P., "SUGER: MANAGING CHURCH AND STATE THROUGH ST.-DENIS" (2017). Masters Theses. 26. http://collected.jcu.edu/masterstheses/26 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Essays, and Senior Honors Projects at Carroll Collected. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of Carroll Collected. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SUGER: MANAGING CHURCH AND STATE THROUGH ST.-DENIS A Thesis Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies College of Arts & Sciences of John Carroll University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Arts By Martin P. McGrath 2016 Table of Contents I. Introduction and Thesis Statement (Page 1) II. Suger: The Linchpin (Page 4) III. A Singularity of History (Page 7) IV. The Gathering of Resources (Page 10) V. The Politics of Innovation (Page 13) VI. Construction Begins (Page 17) VII. From the West to the East (Page 31) VIII. Adornments and Treasures (Page 50) IX. Conclusion (Page 61) X. Endnotes (Page 64) XI. Bibliography (Page 80) XII. Images (Page 85) The thesis of Martin P. McGrath is hereby accepted: ________________________________________ ___________________ Advisor - Dr. Brenda Wirkus Date ________________________________________ ___________________ Reader - Dr. Gerald Guest Date ________________________________________ ___________________ Reader - Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Augustine and the Art of Ruling in the Carolingian Imperial Period
    Augustine and the Art of Ruling in the Carolingian Imperial Period This volume is an investigation of how Augustine was received in the Carolingian period, and the elements of his thought which had an impact on Carolingian ideas of ‘state’, rulership and ethics. It focuses on Alcuin of York and Hincmar of Rheims, authors and political advisers to Charlemagne and to Charles the Bald, respectively. It examines how they used Augustinian political thought and ethics, as manifested in the De civitate Dei, to give more weight to their advice. A comparative approach sheds light on the differences between Charlemagne’s reign and that of his grandson. It scrutinizes Alcuin’s and Hincmar’s discussions of empire, rulership and the moral conduct of political agents during which both drew on the De civitate Dei, although each came away with a different understanding. By means of a philological–historical approach, the book offers a deeper reading and treats the Latin texts as political discourses defined by content and language. Sophia Moesch is currently an SNSF-funded postdoctoral fellow at the University of Oxford, working on a project entitled ‘Developing Principles of Good Govern- ance: Latin and Greek Political Advice during the Carolingian and Macedonian Reforms’. She completed her PhD in History at King’s College London. Augustine and the Art of Ruling in the Carolingian Imperial Period Political Discourse in Alcuin of York and Hincmar of Rheims Sophia Moesch First published 2020 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Published with the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation.
    [Show full text]
  • Francia. Band 44
    Francia. Forschungen zur Westeuropäischen Geschichte. Herausgegeben vom Deutschen Historischen Institut Paris (Institut historique allemand) Band 44 (2017) Nithard as a Military Historian of the Carolingian Empire, c 833–843 DOI: 10.11588/fr.2017.0.68995 Copyright Das Digitalisat wird Ihnen von perspectivia.net, der Online-Publikationsplattform der Max Weber Stiftung – Deutsche Geisteswissenschaftliche Institute im Ausland, zur Verfügung gestellt. Bitte beachten Sie, dass das Digitalisat urheberrechtlich geschützt ist. Erlaubt ist aber das Lesen, das Ausdrucken des Textes, das Herunterladen, das Speichern der Daten auf einem eigenen Datenträger soweit die vorgenannten Handlungen ausschließlich zu privaten und nicht-kommerziellen Zwecken erfolgen. Eine darüber hinausgehende unerlaubte Verwendung, Reproduktion oder Weitergabe einzelner Inhalte oder Bilder können sowohl zivil- als auch strafrechtlich verfolgt werden. Bernard S. Bachrach – David S. Bachrach NITHARD AS A MILITARY HISTORIAN OF THE CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE, C 833–843 Introduction Despite the substantially greater volume of sources that provide information about the military affairs of the ninth century as compared to the eighth, the lion’s share of scholarly attention concerning Carolingian military history has been devoted to the reign of Charlemagne, particularly before his imperial coronation in 800, rather than to his descendants1. Indeed, much of the basic work on the sources, that is required to establish how they can be used to answer questions about military matters in the period after Charlemagne, remains to be done. An unfortunate side-effect of this rel- ative neglect of military affairs as well as source criticism for the ninth century has been considerable confusion about the nature and conduct of war in this period2.
    [Show full text]
  • University Microfilms International T U T T L E , V Ir G in Ia G R a C E
    INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material subm itted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again-beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For any illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and tipped into your xerographic copy.
    [Show full text]
  • Christianization of the Territory of Today's Moravia and Slovakia Before 8631 Pokristjanjevanje Ozemlja Današnje Moravske In
    655 Izvirni znanstveni članek/Article (1.01) Bogoslovni vestnik/Theological Quarterly 80 (2020) 3, 655—667 Besedilo prejeto/Received:04/2020; sprejeto/Accepted:07/2020 UDK/UDC: 272-9(437.32+437.6) DOI: 10.34291/BV2020/03/Ivanic © 2020 Ivanič, CC BY 4.0 Peter Ivanič Christianization of the Territory of Today’s Moravia and Slovakia before 8631 Pokristjanjevanje ozemlja današnje Moravske in Slo- vaške pred letom 863 Abstract: Christianization, associated with consolidation of power and establish- ment of early Christian state formations, contributed significantly to creation of medieval Europe. Although the territory of today´s Moravia (eastern part of the Czech Republic) and Slovakia came into contact with Christianity already at the end of antiquity, the more intensive Christianization of these lands took place only from the 8th century, when this territory was settled by Slavs. Mis- sionaries from the Frankish Empire, from the territory of Istria, Dalmatia and northern Italy came here. Domestic Slavic elites started to convert to Christian- ity as from the 9th century. For them, Christianity became a means of recogniz- ing their social status externally and allowed them to integrate with the more culturally advanced Christian world. Archaeological findings (e.g. crosses and captorgs, plaques and bells from Bojná, objects of secular character), written sources, sacral architecture and burying methods testify to the existence of Christianity in the territory of today´s Moravia and Slovakia, especially in cen- ters of the power. Key words: christianization, Christianity, missionaries, Slovakia, Moravia Povzetek: Pokristjanjevanje, povezano z utrjevanjem oblasti in vzpostavljanjem zgodnjih krščanskih državnih tvorb, je odločilno prispevalo k oblikovanju sre- dnjeveške Evrope.
    [Show full text]
  • Abortion in the Early Medieval West, C.500-900
    „Alienated from the womb‟: abortion in the early medieval West, c.500-900 Zubin Mistry University College, London PhD Thesis 2011 1 I, Zubin Mistry, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signed: 2 ABSTRACT This thesis is primarily a cultural history of abortion in the early medieval West. It is a historical study of perceptions, rather than the practice, of abortion. The span covered ranges from the sixth century, when certain localised ecclesiastical initiatives in the form of councils and sermons addressed abortion, through to the ninth century, when some of these initiatives were integrated into pastoral texts produced in altogether different locales. The thesis uses a range of predominantly ecclesiastical texts – canonical collections, penitentials, sermons, hagiography, scriptural commentaries, but also law- codes – to bring to light the multiple ways in which abortion was construed, experienced and responded to as a moral and social problem. Although there is a concerted focus upon the ecclesiastical tradition on abortion, a focus which ultimately questions how such a tradition ought to be understood, the thesis also explores the broader cultural significance of abortion. Early medieval churchmen, rulers, and jurists saw multiple things in abortion and there were multiple perspectives upon abortion. The thesis illuminates the manifold and, occasionally, surprising ways in which abortion was perceived in relation to gender, sexuality, politics, theology and the church. The history of early medieval abortion has been largely underwritten. Moreover, it has been inadequately historicised.
    [Show full text]
  • Index of Manuscripts
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-83682-1 — Rome and the Invention of the Papacy Rosamond McKitterick Index More Information INDEX OF MANUSCRIPTS Albi, Médiathèque Pierre-Amalric (olim VLQ 60 40, 70, 102, 181 n. 34, Bibliothèque municipale) 184 n. 42, 190, 207 n. 106, MS 2 155 n. 90 219–20 Arras, Bibliothèque municipale London, British Library MS 672 (641) 155 n. 89 Cotton Titus C.XV 175, 177 Cotton Nero D.IV 142 n. 44 Berlin, Deutsche Staatsbibliothek Royal I.B.VII 142 n. 44 Phillipps 1743 156 n. 91 Lucca, Biblioteca Capitolare Feliniana Bern, Burgerbibliothek Cod. 490 178–9, 182, 184 n. 42, 188, Cod. 225 199 190–2, 195, 207 n. 106 Cod. 233 199 Cod. 408 182–3 Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana Brussels, Bibliothèque royale C.105inf. 188 n. 54 MS 8380-9012 184 n. 42, 217 n. 145 E.147sup. 188 n. 54 MS 14814 68 M.77sup. 182 n. 39, 184 n. 42 Modena, Biblioteca Capitolare Cambrai, Bibliothèque municipale O.I.12 186–7, 188, 189 MS 164 215 n. 140 Monte Cassino, Archivio dell’Abbazia Cambridge, Corpus Christi College MS 269 194 n. 67 MS 286 176 Monza, Cattedrale S. Giovanni Battista Cologne, Dombibliothek Sacrista Tesoro Cod. 164 184 n. 42, 217 n. 145 s.n. 177 Cod. 212 153, 155 Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Clm 6243 (Collectio Frisingensis) 156 Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek Clm 6385 203 Cod. 326 60 Clm 14387 202–3 Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana Naples, Biblioteca Nazionale San Marco 604 193–4, 195 IV.A.8 9 n. 32, 185–6 Fulda, Hessische Landesbibliothek Lat.
    [Show full text]
  • 9780521564946 Index.Pdf
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-56494-6 - The Carolingian World Marios Costambeys, Matthew Innes and Simon Maclean Index More information INDEX . Aachen on conversion of Avars and Saxons, and memory of Charlemagne, 5 108 Charlemagne’s burial place, 154, 197 on force and conversion, 74 palace complex and chapel, 77, 157, on imperium, 166 168, 169, 173, 174, 175, 178, 196, 197, on pope and emperor, 138 199, 201, 205, 213, 214, 217, 218, 282, on the virtues and vices, 300 293, 295, 320, 409, 411, 420, 425 relationship to Willibrord, 106 Abbo of St-Germain-des-Pres:´ on Viking Alemannia. See also Judith, Empress; attack on Paris, 277 Charles the Fat Adalhard, Charlemagne’s cousin, 193 and Carolingian conquest, 225 and Hincmar’s De ordine palatii [On the and Charles Martel, 46 Governance of the Palace], 295 and family of Empress Judith, 206 and succession of Louis the Pious, 199 and opposition to rehabilitated in 820s, 206 Carolingians, 41, 51 afterlife: ideas of, 115 and Pippin III, 52 Agnellus of Ravenna, 59 conquest under Carloman and Pippin Agobard of Lyon III, 52 controversy with Amalarius of Metz, Merovingian conquest, 35 121 under Charlemagne, 66 criticism of Matfrid’s influence, 213 Amalarius of Metz on Jewish slave traders, 367 on Mass, 121 Aistulf, Lombard king, 58, 62 annals, 22, 23 laws on merchants, 368 and Pippin’s seizure of kingship, 32 military legislation of, 279 production of, 18, 21 Alcuin Annals of Fulda, 23, 231, 387, 396, as scholar, 143 404 as teacher, 147 Annals of Lorsch, 23, 166 asks ‘what has Ingeld to do with
    [Show full text]
  • Regulating the Life of the Canonical Clergy in Francia, from Pippin III to Louis the Pious
    The Cloister and Beyond: Regulating the Life of the Canonical Clergy in Francia, from Pippin III to Louis the Pious Stephen Ling Submitted for the degree of Ph.D School of History (2015) University of Leicester 0 For Lucy. 1 Abstract Stephen Ling: The Cloister and Beyond: Regulating the Life of the Canonical Clergy in Francia, from Pippin III to Louis the Pious. Frankish ecclesiastics exerted great effort in defining and regulating the life of the canonical clergy between the reigns of Pippin III and Louis the Pious. Church councils and assemblies convened by Carolingian kings, such as the Synod of Ver (755) and the Council of Aachen (816), sought to impose order. These councils distinguished between three interrelated groups: the secular clergy, the canonical clergy and monks. Separating the lives of these orders was no easy task, as there was siginificant debate over the definition of each group. In response to these queries and admonitions, bishops regulated the life of the clergy in their diocese. Notably, Chrodegang of Metz (d. 766) produced the first extant rule for canons. This text has attracted much historiographical attention and is often seen as providing the basis for the influential Canonical Institute produced at the Council of Aachen (816). This thesis examines the interplay between central attempts to establish the norms of the life of canons and local response to such efforts. Focusing on the latter demonstrates the variety of appraoches taken towards the regulation of the clergy in this period and concludes that the significance and impact of Chrodegang’s Rule has been overstated.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Narrative of Hope and Resilience: a Contemporary Paradigm for Christian Pastoral Ministry in the Face of Mortality
    Towards a Narrative of Hope and Resilience: A Contemporary Paradigm for Christian Pastoral Ministry in the Face of Mortality Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Chester for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy Alexis J. Smith 5-Feb-16 1 2 Table of Contents Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………………….4 Chapter One: Living with the Reality of Our Mortality……………………………………….…5-44 Chapter Two: A Historical Perspective on a Christian Narrative of Hope…………….…45-106 Chapter Three: The Importance of Story: Possibilities of Healing Metaphors………..107-149 Chapter Four: Theory for a Hermeneutic and Theology of Hope and Resilience…….150-219 Chapter Five: A Critical Understanding of How to Foster Hope in Others…………….220-269 Bibliography…….…………………………………………………………………………………270-312 3 Abstract Towards a Narrative of Hope and Resilience: A Contemporary Paradigm for Christian Pastoral Ministry in the Face of Mortality Alexis J. Smith Analysis of current pastoral care practice, particularly of Christian pastoral care providers and chaplains, reveals a contemporary lacuna in Christian theological frameworks which contributes to North American Christians’ inability to connect a theological understanding of death with the experience of their human finitude despite the presence of considerable literature on death and dying. This gap deprives many Christians of the possibility of finding a unique and specific source of hope and strength within their own faith tradition for facing crisis. This thesis provides a methodology and
    [Show full text]