DOCSLIB.ORG

Augustine and the Art of Ruling in the Carolingian Imperial Period

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Augustine and the Art of Ruling in the Carolingian Imperial Period Augustine and the Art of Ruling in the Carolingian Imperial Period This volume is an investigation of how Augustine was received in the Carolingian period, and the elements of his thought which had an impact on Carolingian ideas of ‘state’, rulership and ethics. It focuses on Alcuin of York and Hincmar of Rheims, authors and political advisers to Charlemagne and to Charles the Bald, respectively. It examines how they used Augustinian political thought and ethics, as manifested in the De civitate Dei, to give more weight to their advice. A comparative approach sheds light on the differences between Charlemagne’s reign and that of his grandson. It scrutinizes Alcuin’s and Hincmar’s discussions of empire, rulership and the moral conduct of political agents during which both drew on the De civitate Dei, although each came away with a different understanding. By means of a philological–historical approach, the book offers a deeper reading and treats the Latin texts as political discourses defined by content and language. Sophia Moesch is currently an SNSF-funded postdoctoral fellow at the University of Oxford, working on a project entitled ‘Developing Principles of Good Govern- ance: Latin and Greek Political Advice during the Carolingian and Macedonian Reforms’. She completed her PhD in History at King’s College London. Augustine and the Art of Ruling in the Carolingian Imperial Period Political Discourse in Alcuin of York and Hincmar of Rheims Sophia Moesch First published 2020 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Published with the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation. © 2020 Sophia Moesch The right of Sophia Moesch to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record has been requested for this book ISBN: 978-0-8153-6160-2 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-351-11602-2 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India “Caritas vero inter amicos melior est auro et fides inter absentes praetiosior gemmis” – Alcuin of York, Epistle 76 Dedicated to Kurt, Rosmarie and Johanna Moesch, and Giovanni Trotto Contents Note on the text x Acknowledgements xi Abbreviations xiii Introduction 1 Augustine and the Carolingians 1 Framing the enquiry 3 A philological-historical approach to the sources 5 ‘State–church’ relations in late antiquity and the Early Middle Ages 8 Notes 11 Bibliography 14 PART I Augustine of Hippo 19 1 Influences on the De civitate Dei 21 Historical and cultural context 21 Biographical aspects 22 Authorities and movements 22 Marcus Tullius Cicero 23 Notes 25 Bibliography 30 2 Augustine’s stance on worldly rule and his assessment of politically organised communities in the De civitate Dei 32 Notes 41 Bibliography 44 3 Concepts of Augustinian political thought 46 Terminology for types of politically organised communities 46 Dispensatio 52 viii Contents Felix/felicitas and beatus/beatitudo 53 Iustitia and pax 54 Notes 57 Bibliography 64 PART II Alcuin of York 67 4 Alcuin’s direct use of Augustine in the ‘Epistolae’ 69 Alcuin’s Epistle 307 70 Comparison with other Epistles 73 Notes 76 Bibliography 78 5 Alcuin’s indirect use of Augustine: His stance on worldly rule and recourse to Augustine’s terminology 81 Alcuin on rulership and Roman emperors 82 Alcuin on rulership and Old Testament kings 86 Alcuin’s use of Augustinian vocabulary 93 Civitas Dei 94 Dispensatio 96 Imperium and gentes 101 Notes 114 Bibliography 127 PART III Hincmar of Rheims 131 6 Hincmar’s direct use of Augustine in the ‘Epistolae’ 133 Hincmar’s Epistle 99 137 Hincmar’s Epistles 179, 28, 37 and 48 144 Hincmar’s Epistles 134 and 108 148 Notes 153 Bibliography 162 7 Hincmar’s indirect use of Augustine: His ‘Expositiones ad Carolum Regem’ and ‘De regis persona et regio ministerio’ 165 Hincmar’s Expositiones ad Carolum Regem 165 Hincmar’s De regis persona et regio ministerio 182 Cicero 201 Augustine 201 Contents ix Alcuin 204 Hincmar 206 Notes 210 Bibliography 220 Conclusion 223 Carolingian political thought c. 800–c. 900 224 Alcuin’s and Hincmar’s uses of Augustine in the light of changing ‘state-church’ relations 225 Notes 231 Bibliography 234 Index 239 Note on the text This book refers to many primary sources, most of which are in Latin. Citations in the main text from Latin (or, occasionally, Greek) material are given in English translation, which is my own unless otherwise indicated. The original text is given in the endnotes. Wherever I draw significantly on primary sources without quot- ing them in the body of the text, I provide the excerpts in the endnotes in the original language. Paragraph breaks in all quotations correspond to the original text (as rendered in the editions I adhere to). Acknowledgements Many have contributed to this book, which is the culmination of four years of research into the reception of Augustine of Hippo’s political thought and ethics in the Carolingian era. In the autumn of 2010, I embarked on a PhD in England at King’s College London. I am grateful to my supervisors Peter Heather and Alice Rio for accepting my proposal from abroad, to KCL for providing the infrastruc- ture for completing such a formidable task, and to the Swiss National Science Foundation for awarding me with a Doc.Mobility fellowship. Several people have read the drafts of my doctoral dissertation. Thanks to Julia Crick for identifying weaknesses and options for improvement in my chapter on Alcuin of York, for encouraging my enthusiasm for palaeography and, last but not least, for encouraging me to give my first paper at Revealing Records V; to Daniel Hadas for his kind assistance with my translations of Latin passages from Alcuin and Augustine; to Carsten Schmieder for providing me with a second opinion on an intricate passage in Hincmar of Rheims’ Expositiones ad Carolum Regem; and to Sarah Sharp for her excellent proofreading work. To other people I owe a lot for helping me to develop my academic skills and specialisation. Thanks to Janet Coleman (London School of Economics) and Stefan Rebenich (University of Bern) for encouraging me to pursue research in the reception of late antique political thought; and to Achatz von Müller (University of Basel) for convening a seminar on Political Theories from Augustine to Machiavelli and for being my dissertation supervisor for the lic. phil. degree. At KCL, I am indebted to Edith Hall and Roland Mayer for welcom- ing me to their MA course on Hellenistic Poetry and for deepening my knowledge of ancient Greek literature, translation and interpretation; to Alessandra Bucossi, for piquing my interest in Greek Palaeography & Textual Criticism; thanks also to Charalambos Dendrinos (Royal Holloway) for allowing me to participate in his Working Seminar on Editing Byzantine Texts at the Warburg. At the KCL Modern Language Centre, I owe thanks to Paolo Nelli and Amira Mills, who taught me Italian and Arabic. Last but not least, I would like to express my warm- est thanks to Simon Sleight and Joe Maiolo who have been invaluable sources of support and advice during my time of teaching at KCL and LSE. My friends and family have been with me all along this journey. The impor- tance of their contribution is overshadowed only by their love and friendship. xii Acknowledgements Thanks to Albertine Fox, Sakiko Kaiga and Kathrin Pavić for their continuing presence and unswerving positivity; and to Foteini Kanellopoulou, Evangelia Gioldasi and Eda Karaarslanoglu for being my family away from home. Two peo- ple have shaped my work and life significantly during the past years: Franziska Herzog and Martin Kaiser. Their human qualities have been decisive in leading me to where I am today. In particular, the brilliance of Martin Kaiser and his enthusiasm for classical and patristic ancient Greek and Latin texts were reasons, almost a decade ago, for me to embark on a PhD in late antique and early medi- eval history. I have benefited, in each of my chapters, from his unique gift for language and literary analysis, and he continues to inspire by his example and dedication to the moral values academic work can pursue. My deepest gratitude above all, of course, to my family – my parents, Kurt and Rosmarie Moesch, and sister, Johanna Moesch. I would also like to extend my love and wholehearted thanks to Giovanni Trotto, whose creative spirit and inexhaustible curiosity have never failed to enrich my explorations. In the final stages of my work, I thank Routledge and all those who were involved in the production of my book. Above all my editors, Michael Greenwood and Dana Moss, deserve my grateful thanks for their expert work and careful guidance. To all of you, my heartfelt thank you. Abbreviations JThS Journal of Theological Studies LLT-A Library of Latin Texts - Series A MGH Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Series Latina by Jacques- Paul Migne 217 vols. 1844–1855 + 4 index-vols. 1862–1865 AN Poet. Lat. Antiquitates Poetae Latini aevi Carolini Capit.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018
    Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018 Conforming to General Convention 2018 1 Preface Christians have since ancient times honored men and women whose lives represent heroic commitment to Christ and who have borne witness to their faith even at the cost of their lives. Such witnesses, by the grace of God, live in every age. The criteria used in the selection of those to be commemorated in the Episcopal Church are set out below and represent a growing consensus among provinces of the Anglican Communion also engaged in enriching their calendars. What we celebrate in the lives of the saints is the presence of Christ expressing itself in and through particular lives lived in the midst of specific historical circumstances. In the saints we are not dealing primarily with absolutes of perfection but human lives, in all their diversity, open to the motions of the Holy Spirit. Many a holy life, when carefully examined, will reveal flaws or the bias of a particular moment in history or ecclesial perspective. It should encourage us to realize that the saints, like us, are first and foremost redeemed sinners in whom the risen Christ’s words to St. Paul come to fulfillment, “My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.” The “lesser feasts” provide opportunities for optional observance. They are not intended to replace the fundamental celebration of Sunday and major Holy Days. As the Standing Liturgical Commission and the General Convention add or delete names from the calendar, successive editions of this volume will be published, each edition bearing in the title the date of the General Convention to which it is a response.
    [Show full text]
  • One Hundred Years of Thomism Aeterni Patris and Afterwards a Symposium
    One Hundred Years of Thomism Aeterni Patris and Afterwards A Symposium Edited By Victor B. Brezik, C.S.B, CENTER FOR THOMISTIC STUDIES University of St. Thomas Houston, Texas 77006 ~ NIHIL OBSTAT: ReverendJamesK. Contents Farge, C.S.B. Censor Deputatus INTRODUCTION . 1 IMPRIMATUR: LOOKING AT THE PAST . 5 Most Reverend John L. Morkovsky, S.T.D. A Remembrance Of Pope Leo XIII: The Encyclical Aeterni Patris, Leonard E. Boyle,O.P. 7 Bishop of Galveston-Houston Commentary, James A. Weisheipl, O.P. ..23 January 6, 1981 The Legacy Of Etienne Gilson, Armand A. Maurer,C.S.B . .28 The Legacy Of Jacques Maritain, Christian Philosopher, First Printing: April 1981 Donald A. Gallagher. .45 LOOKING AT THE PRESENT. .61 Copyright©1981 by The Center For Thomistic Studies Reflections On Christian Philosophy, All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or Ralph McInerny . .63 reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written Thomism And Today's Crisis In Moral Values, Michael permission, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in Bertram Crowe . .74 critical articles and reviews. For information, write to The Transcendental Thomism, A Critical Assessment, Center For Thomistic Studies, 3812 Montrose Boulevard, Robert J. Henle, S.J. 90 Houston, Texas 77006. LOOKING AT THE FUTURE. .117 Library of Congress catalog card number: 80-70377 Can St. Thomas Speak To The Modem World?, Leo Sweeney, S.J. .119 The Future Of Thomistic Metaphysics, ISBN 0-9605456-0-3 Joseph Owens, C.Ss.R. .142 EPILOGUE. .163 The New Center And The Intellectualism Of St. Thomas, Printed in the United States of America Vernon J.
    [Show full text]
  • St. Augustine and the Doctrine of the Mystical Body of Christ Stanislaus J
    ST. AUGUSTINE AND THE DOCTRINE OF THE MYSTICAL BODY OF CHRIST STANISLAUS J. GRABOWSKI, S.T.D., S.T.M. Catholic University of America N THE present article a study will be made of Saint Augustine's doc­ I trine of the Mystical Body of Christ. This subject is, as it will be later pointed out, timely and fruitful. It is of unutterable importance for the proper and full conception of the Church. This study may be conveniently divided into four parts: (I) A fuller consideration of the doctrine of the Mystical Body of Christ, as it is found in the works of the great Bishop of Hippo; (II) a brief study of that same doctrine, as it is found in the sources which the Saint utilized; (III) a scrutiny of the place that this doctrine holds in the whole system of his religious thought and of some of its peculiarities; (IV) some consideration of the influence that Saint Augustine exercised on the development of this particular doctrine in theologians and doctrinal systems. THE DOCTRINE St. Augustine gives utterance in many passages, as the occasion de­ mands, to words, expressions, and sentences from which we are able to infer that the Church of his time was a Church of sacramental rites and a hierarchical order. Further, writing especially against Donatism, he is led Xo portray the Church concretely in its historical, geographical, visible form, characterized by manifest traits through which she may be recognized and discerned from false chuiches. The aspect, however, of the concept of the Church which he cherished most fondly and which he never seems tired of teaching, repeating, emphasizing, and expound­ ing to his listeners is the Church considered as the Body of Christ.1 1 On St.
    [Show full text]
  • Language Contact and Identity in Roman Britain
    Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 5-16-2016 12:00 AM Language Contact and Identity in Roman Britain Robert Jackson Woodcock The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Professor Alexander Meyer The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Classics A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Master of Arts © Robert Jackson Woodcock 2016 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the Indo- European Linguistics and Philology Commons Recommended Citation Woodcock, Robert Jackson, "Language Contact and Identity in Roman Britain" (2016). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 3775. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/3775 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract Language is one of the most significant aspects of cultural identity. This thesis examines the evidence of languages in contact in Roman Britain in order to determine the role that language played in defining the identities of the inhabitants of this Roman province. All forms of documentary evidence from monumental stone epigraphy to ownership marks scratched onto pottery are analyzed for indications of bilingualism and language contact in Roman Britain. The language and subject matter of the Vindolanda writing tablets from a Roman army fort on the northern frontier are analyzed for indications of bilingual interactions between Roman soldiers and their native surroundings, as well as Celtic interference on the Latin that was written and spoken by the Roman army.
    [Show full text]
  • Humanitas–Clementia and Clementia Caesaris Ancient and Modern Caesar
    European Journal of Science and Theology, September 2012, Vol.8, No.3, 263-269 _______________________________________________________________________ HUMANITAS–CLEMENTIA AND CLEMENTIA CAESARIS ANCIENT AND MODERN CAESAR Iulian-Gabriel Hruşcă* Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch, Str. T. Codrescu, Nr. 2, Iasi, Romania (Received 11 May 2012) Abstract Humanitas Romana is a concept that crosses both the Republican age of Rome and the Roman imperial period. In the Republic, clementia was both a personal attribute and a public virtue, intended to differentiate the Romans from the other peoples of antiquity in a sense of a moral superiority. In the Roman imperial period, the concept of humanitas Romana began to manifest more and more significantly through its component part, clementia, which became a cardinal virtue of the emperor and a judicial principle. With the coming to power of Julius Caesar, the notion of Clementia Caesaris was born. Afterwards, the status of Clementia Caesaris was enhanced during the Principate of Augustus. The emperor tends to become a provider of human rights. In a certain respect, if we refer to the principles of democracy, this transfer of the centre of gravity to the emperor in terms of human rights is negative. However, we could not assert that at that time were only negative aspects. We might consider as positive aspects the evolution of the concept of humanitas Romana through its component, the virtue of clementia, or the increased multicultural side of the Roman state. Despite the negative perception of Rome today, the clemency of ancient Caesar had reminiscences over time. The modern Caesar has tried to turn to Rome for lessons both positive and negative.
    [Show full text]
  • Citizen Participation in the American Federal System"
    For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing ORice, Washington, D.C.20402 Preface iii In its 1976 legislation reenacting the General views are included as an appendix to this report, Revenue Sharing program for a second three-year along with a staff summary and evaluation of all period, Congress requested ACIR to prepare the comments received. The comment period several studies of fiscal decisionmaking in the extended from early December 1978 through mid- American federal system of government. Citizen March 1979. Many comments were received, participation, the topic of one of those studies, is some of considerable length and detail, and they the subject of this report. were helpful in revising our report. The number The draft report was prepared by the staff of recommendation options presented to the under its regular procedures which provide for Commission was doubled, and numerous critiques by the governmental research com- refinements in the background chapters were munity and others having special knowledge of made as a result of this consultation process. All the topic. Because of the nature of this topic, the comments received by the first of March were Commission also held a hearing on the draft fully reflected in information presented to the report at its regular meeting on December 7,1978. Commission prior to its action on this report. Following this hearing, the Commission deter- The Commission adopted the recommen- mined that opportunities should be provided for dations in this report and authorized its printing a broader range of views to be submitted on Friday, March 23, 1979.
    [Show full text]
  • ST MARY's CATHEDRAL Solemn Mass
    ST MARY’S CATHEDRAL Solemn Mass Twenty first Sunday of the Year 23 August 2020 10.30am WELCOME to St Mary’s Cathedral which stands in the centre of Sydney as a Christian statement of grace and beauty. Generations of artists have bequeathed to it their magnificent gifts in stone and glass, designing a unique space of solace and prayer within this vibrant city. This Cathedral represents the spiritual origins of the Catholic Church in Australia. It is one of Sydney’s most treasured historic buildings and one of the finest examples of English-style gothic churches in the world. William Wilkinson Wardell, the 19th century architect, dreamed of a gothic structure shaped from the local yellow-block sandstone on which this city is built. The building was finally completed 100 years after the architect’s death. The Cathedral is dedicated to Mary, Immaculate Mother of God, Help of Christians. THE CATHEDRAL CHOIR St Mary’s Cathedral Choir is the oldest musical institution in Australia. In 1818 a group of choristers was formed to sing Vespers before the Blessed Sacrament in the Dempsey household, the centre of Catholic worship in the penal colony. After the establishment of St Mary’s Cathedral in 1833 the successors of these choristers formed the permanent Cathedral Choir. In faithfulness to the Benedictine English tradition from which the Cathedral’s founders came, the Choir is formed of men and boys, preserving the historical character of Catholic liturgical and musical heritage. St Mary’s is the only Catholic Cathedral in Australia to have an on-site Choir School where the twenty-four boy choristers are educated.
    [Show full text]
  • The Golden Cord
    THE GOLDEN CORD A SHORT BOOK ON THE SECULAR AND THE SACRED ' " ' ..I ~·/ I _,., ' '4 ~ 'V . \ . " ': ,., .:._ C HARLE S TALIAFERR O THE GOLDEN CORD THE GOLDEN CORD A SHORT BOOK ON THE SECULAR AND THE SACRED CHARLES TALIAFERRO University of Notre Dame Press Notre Dame, Indiana Copyright © 2012 by the University of Notre Dame Press Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 www.undpress.nd.edu All Rights Reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Taliaferro, Charles. The golden cord : a short book on the secular and the sacred / Charles Taliaferro. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-268-04238-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-268-04238-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. God (Christianity) 2. Life—Religious aspects—Christianity. 3. Self—Religious aspects—Christianity. 4. Redemption—Christianity. 5. Cambridge Platonism. I. Title. BT103.T35 2012 230—dc23 2012037000 ∞ The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Introduction 1 CHAPTER 1 Love in the Physical World 15 CHAPTER 2 Selves and Bodies 41 CHAPTER 3 Some Big Pictures 61 CHAPTER 4 Some Real Appearances 81 CHAPTER 5 Is God Mad, Bad, and Dangerous to Know? 107 CHAPTER 6 Redemption and Time 131 CHAPTER 7 Eternity in Time 145 CHAPTER 8 Glory and the Hallowing of Domestic Virtue 163 Notes 179 Index 197 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am deeply grateful for the patience, graciousness, support, and encour- agement of the University of Notre Dame Press’s senior editor, Charles Van Hof.
    [Show full text]
  • Francia. Band 44
    Francia. Forschungen zur Westeuropäischen Geschichte. Herausgegeben vom Deutschen Historischen Institut Paris (Institut historique allemand) Band 44 (2017) Nithard as a Military Historian of the Carolingian Empire, c 833–843 DOI: 10.11588/fr.2017.0.68995 Copyright Das Digitalisat wird Ihnen von perspectivia.net, der Online-Publikationsplattform der Max Weber Stiftung – Deutsche Geisteswissenschaftliche Institute im Ausland, zur Verfügung gestellt. Bitte beachten Sie, dass das Digitalisat urheberrechtlich geschützt ist. Erlaubt ist aber das Lesen, das Ausdrucken des Textes, das Herunterladen, das Speichern der Daten auf einem eigenen Datenträger soweit die vorgenannten Handlungen ausschließlich zu privaten und nicht-kommerziellen Zwecken erfolgen. Eine darüber hinausgehende unerlaubte Verwendung, Reproduktion oder Weitergabe einzelner Inhalte oder Bilder können sowohl zivil- als auch strafrechtlich verfolgt werden. Bernard S. Bachrach – David S. Bachrach NITHARD AS A MILITARY HISTORIAN OF THE CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE, C 833–843 Introduction Despite the substantially greater volume of sources that provide information about the military affairs of the ninth century as compared to the eighth, the lion’s share of scholarly attention concerning Carolingian military history has been devoted to the reign of Charlemagne, particularly before his imperial coronation in 800, rather than to his descendants1. Indeed, much of the basic work on the sources, that is required to establish how they can be used to answer questions about military matters in the period after Charlemagne, remains to be done. An unfortunate side-effect of this rel- ative neglect of military affairs as well as source criticism for the ninth century has been considerable confusion about the nature and conduct of war in this period2.
    [Show full text]
  • Low Requiem Mass
    REQUIEM LOW MASS FOR TWO SERVERS The Requiem Mass is very ancient in its origin, being the predecessor of the current Roman Rite (i.e., the so- called “Tridentine Rite”) of Mass before the majority of the gallicanizations1 of the Mass were introduced. And so, many ancient features, in the form of omissions from the normal customs of Low Mass, are observed2. A. Interwoven into the beautiful and spiritually consoling Requiem Rite is the liturgical principle, that all blessings are reserved for the deceased soul(s) for whose repose the Mass is being celebrated. This principle is put into action through the omission of these blessings: 1. Holy water is not taken before processing into the Sanctuary. 2. The sign of the Cross is not made at the beginning of the Introit3. 3. C does not kiss the praeconium4 of the Gospel after reading it5. 4. During the Offertory, the water is not blessed before being mixed with the wine in the chalice6. 5. The Last Blessing is not given. B. All solita oscula that the servers usually perform are omitted, namely: . When giving and receiving the biretta. When presenting and receiving the cruets at the Offertory. C. Also absent from the Requiem Mass are all Gloria Patris, namely during the Introit and the Lavabo. D. The Preparatory Prayers are said in an abbreviated form: . The entire of Psalm 42 (Judica me) is omitted; consequently the prayers begin with the sign of the Cross and then “Adjutorium nostrum…” is immediately said. After this, the remainder of the Preparatory Prayers are said as usual.
    [Show full text]
  • Cicero and St. Augustine's Just War Theory: Classical Influences on a Christian Idea Berit Van Neste University of South Florida
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 4-12-2006 Cicero and St. Augustine's Just War Theory: Classical Influences on a Christian Idea Berit Van Neste University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons, and the Religion Commons Scholar Commons Citation Neste, Berit Van, "Cicero and St. Augustine's Just War Theory: Classical Influences on a Christian Idea" (2006). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3782 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cicero and St. Augustine's Just War Theory: Classical Influences on a Christian Idea by Berit Van Neste A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Religious Studies College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: James F. Strange, Ph.D. Paul G. Schneider, Ph.D. Michael J. Decker, Ph.D. Date of Approval: April 12, 2006 Keywords: theology, philosophy, politics, patristic, medieval © Copyright 2006 , Berit Van Neste For Elizabeth and Calista Table of Contents Abstract ii Chapter 1 1 Introduction 1 Cicero’s Influence on Augustine 7 Chapter 2 13 Justice 13 Natural and Temporal Law 19 Commonwealth 34 Chapter 3 49 Just War 49 Chapter 4 60 Conclusion 60 References 64 i Cicero and St.
    [Show full text]
  • 11Ffi ELOGIA of the AUGUSTAN FORUM
    THEELOGIA OF THE AUGUSTAN FORUM 11ffi ELOGIA OF THE AUGUSTAN FORUM By BRAD JOHNSON, BA A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts McMaster University © Copyright by Brad Johnson, August 2001 MASTER OF ARTS (2001) McMaster University (Classics) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: The Elogia of the Augustan Forum AUTHOR: Brad Johnson, B.A. (McMaster University), B.A. Honours (McMaster University) SUPERVISOR: Dr. Claude Eilers NUMBER OF PAGES: v, 122 II ABSTRACT The Augustan Forum contained the statues offamous leaders from Rome's past. Beneath each statue an inscription was appended. Many of these inscriptions, known also as elogia, have survived. They record the name, magistracies held, and a brief account of the achievements of the individual. The reasons why these inscriptions were included in the Forum is the focus of this thesis. This thesis argues, through a detailed analysis of the elogia, that Augustus employed the inscriptions to propagate an image of himself as the most distinguished, and successful, leader in the history of Rome. III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Claude Eilers, for not only suggesting this topic, but also for his patience, constructive criticism, sense of humour, and infinite knowledge of all things Roman. Many thanks to the members of my committee, Dr. Evan Haley and Dr. Peter Kingston, who made time in their busy schedules to be part of this process. To my parents, lowe a debt that is beyond payment. Their support, love, and encouragement throughout the years is beyond description.
    [Show full text]