The Complexity of Roman Suicide Carmine Anthony Ruff
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Paolo Stellino
Philosophical Perspectives on Suicide Paolo Stellino Philosophical Perspectives on Suicide Kant, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and Wittgenstein Paolo Stellino Nova Institute of Philosophy Universidade Nova de Lisboa LISBOA, Portugal ISBN 978-3-030-53936-8 ISBN 978-3-030-53937-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53937-5 © Te Editor(s) (if applicable) and Te Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Tis work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifcally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microflms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Te use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifc statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Te publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Te publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional afliations. Tis Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary History of Suicidology: Learning from the Past for a Better Future Submitted to Prof. John Hartwig I
WISCONSIN LUTHERAN SEMINARY HISTORY OF SUICIDOLOGY: LEARNING FROM THE PAST FOR A BETTER FUTURE SUBMITTED TO PROF. JOHN HARTWIG IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE MASTERS OF DIVINITY PROGRAM BY JORDAN P. BENCE MARCH 8, 2019 ABSTRACT Since 2008, suicide has ranked among the top 10 leading causes of death in the United States. In 2016, suicide was the second leading cause of death for individuals ages 10-34 and the fourth leading cause of death for individuals ages 35-54. From 1999 through 2017, the suicide rate has increased by 33%.1 To say that suicide is a problem in our country would be a huge understatement. With each new year as statistics are released data reveals the truth that suicide is only becoming more and more prevalent. But why does it seem like no one is talking about it? Why is discussion regarding suicide often done in private, behind closed doors, or not at all. This thesis will take a look back at the long-term negative affect the past has had and still has to this day regarding the discussion of suicide. It will also partially suggest changes to advance the discussion moving forward. 1 https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db330.htm ii CONTENTS INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………..………………….1 PART ONE: THE PAST……………………………………………………………………….…5 Discussion Begins In The Ancient World 5 Greek Philosophy Discusses Suicide 5 Rome Combats Suicide For All The Wrong Reasons 10 Ancient World Glorifies Suicide 11 Suicide During The Middle Ages 14 Blatant Condemnation From The Church 16 Defense Against Donatism 17 Aquinas Supports -
The Crucifiable Jesus
The Crucifiable Jesus Steven Brian Pounds Peterhouse Faculty of Divinity University of Cambridge This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy February 2019 This thesis is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. I further state that no substantial part of my thesis has already been submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It does not exceed the prescribed word limit for the relevant Degree Committee Steven Brian Pounds “The Crucifiable Jesus” Abstract: In recent decades, scholars have both used Jesus’ crucifixion as a criterion of historicity and employed the rhetoric of a “crucifiable Jesus”– suggesting that some historical reconstructions of Jesus more plausibly explain his crucifixion than others. This dissertation tests the grounds of these proposals, whilst offering its own reconstruction of a crucifiable Jesus. It first investigates primary source depictions of Roman crucifixion and focuses upon the offences for which crucifixions were carried out. As a first level conclusion, it determines that, in a formal sense, a bare appeal to crucifiability or to a criterion of crucifixion does not yield what it purports to deliver because a wide range of offences were punishable by crucifixion. -
Augustine and the Art of Ruling in the Carolingian Imperial Period
Augustine and the Art of Ruling in the Carolingian Imperial Period This volume is an investigation of how Augustine was received in the Carolingian period, and the elements of his thought which had an impact on Carolingian ideas of ‘state’, rulership and ethics. It focuses on Alcuin of York and Hincmar of Rheims, authors and political advisers to Charlemagne and to Charles the Bald, respectively. It examines how they used Augustinian political thought and ethics, as manifested in the De civitate Dei, to give more weight to their advice. A comparative approach sheds light on the differences between Charlemagne’s reign and that of his grandson. It scrutinizes Alcuin’s and Hincmar’s discussions of empire, rulership and the moral conduct of political agents during which both drew on the De civitate Dei, although each came away with a different understanding. By means of a philological–historical approach, the book offers a deeper reading and treats the Latin texts as political discourses defined by content and language. Sophia Moesch is currently an SNSF-funded postdoctoral fellow at the University of Oxford, working on a project entitled ‘Developing Principles of Good Govern- ance: Latin and Greek Political Advice during the Carolingian and Macedonian Reforms’. She completed her PhD in History at King’s College London. Augustine and the Art of Ruling in the Carolingian Imperial Period Political Discourse in Alcuin of York and Hincmar of Rheims Sophia Moesch First published 2020 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Published with the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation. -
The Supernatural in Tacitus When Compared with His Predecessor Livy, Tacitus Has Been Said to Be Less Interested in the “Super
The Supernatural in Tacitus When compared with his predecessor Livy, Tacitus has been said to be less interested in the “supernatural,” a rubric under which we include the prodigies and omens of traditional Roman religion; characters’ participation in forms of religious expression, both traditional and non-normative; and nebulous superhuman forces such as fate and fortune. In this panel, we seek to modify this perception by investigating aspects of the superhuman, religious, and/or inexplicable in Tacitus’ works that contribute in important ways to his historiographical project and to our view of Tacitus as an historian. As the most recent contribution on this topic shows (K. Shannon-Henderson, Religion and Memory in Tacitus’ Annals. Oxford, 2019), religion and its related fields are extremely important to Tacitus’ narrative technique, and ‘irrational’ elements such as fatum and fortuna are constantly at play in Tacitus’ works, particularly, but not exclusively, in his historical narratives. Each of the five papers that we have gathered for this panel addresses these topics from different angles, whether focusing more on the literary, historical, or linguistic elements of the Tacitean narrative under examination. Two papers focus on omens and other ways of predicting the future; two examine religious experiences of Tacitus’ characters; and one considers the role of fortuna in the world of the Dialogus. In the first paper, Contributor #1 examines the value of observing supernatural signs for decision-making in the Histories. In particular, s/he looks at the practical value of observing and interpreting supernatural signs as predictors of the future success or failure of military leaders. -
The Death Penalty in Japan: the Law of Silence Going Against the International Trend
The Death Penalty in Japan: The Law of Silence Going against the International Trend International fact-finding mission Article 1 : All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Article 2 : Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. n°505a October 2008 Tokyo Detention Centre FIDH - The Death Penalty in Japan: The Law of Silence / 2 Contents Introduction 4 I. The Japanese Context 6 Context and history of the application of the death penalty in Japan Actors Authorities Officials at Ministry of Justice Detention Centre Personnel Political Parties Civil society Lawyers victims’ families and detainees’ families NGOs and the movements in favour of abolition Religious representatives The influence of media II. Current debates 18 Secrecy Separation of powers Life imprisonment without parole and a toughening of penalties Fallacious arguments Justification by public opinion The confusion between the rights of victims and the death penalty The cultural argument III. Legal Framework 25 Domestic law and norms International law United Nations Japan ratified the United Nations Convention Against Torture in 1999 The Council of Europe The European Union The International criminal court (ICC) IV. -
David Rafferty, the Fall of the Roman Republic
The Fall of the Roman Republic DAVID RAFFERTY the Mediterranean, meant there was no longer anyone for the Romans to fear, which in turn meant that Rome lost her discipline. Another How did crises change ancient theme blamed greed and ambition for Rome’s societies? problems: greed and success had made some men very rich and others very poor. The rich How did key individuals contribute to had appetites which the Republic could not such events? contain, while they also became corrupt, and the poor had nothing to lose from change. A How might we judge the historical similar theme blamed the ambitions of the significance of these crises and the great men who brought down their Republic: individuals who took part in them?1 they were no longer content to be renowned in a free state, but wanted to dominate their fellow-citizens. Historical significance Most modern scholars have not accepted these explanations. But many causes have been Why did the Roman Republic fall? This blamed for the collapse of the Republic, too question was of great interest to the Romans many to list here. Lintott’s CAH chapter briefly themselves, both at the time and later. The outlines some of them, but the Blackwell best starting point is Andrew Lintott’s chapter Companion to the Roman Republic is a better 1, ‘The crisis of the Republic: sources and source. Such companions tend to be uneven, source-problems’ in CAH 9 (that is, volume but this one is excellent, and thoroughly 9 of the second edition of the Cambridge recommended. -
THE MENTALITY and PERSONALITY of the JULIO-CLAUDIAN EMPERORS by GERALD C
THE MENTALITY AND PERSONALITY OF THE JULIO-CLAUDIAN EMPERORS by GERALD C. MOSS xal ecJuv dxLcpaav Yacog Ta Iu) p.vO&3 aOT&v drs-&xaTeQov gpavet?a& 6oos di flovaovras r&v T8 yevopC)vw -6 acAc; axoxEv xai TVIvUA cov nroTI aftO xaId T6 dVOe&MVOV ToMotOn xai xae=Az1crtwv &eas, &T&.ua xelvev a&d d0uo&coK 1ia. (7Wuydi&ds I, 22). THE absence of romance in my history will, I fear, detract somewhat from its interest; but if it be judged useful by those inquirers who desire an exact knowledge of the past as an aid to the interpretation of the future, which in the course of human things must resemble if it does not reflect it, I shall be content. (Crawley's translation.) A HISTORIAN has remarked that the confused data from antiquity and the limitations of the psycho-medical sciences make it difficult to draw a picture of Claudius at once satisfying to the historian, the physician and the psycho- logist.' This could be said of all the Julio-Claudian emperors. Controversy has raged mostly over Tiberius and Claudius. Suetonius saw in Tiberius the archetype of the cruel despot, in Gaius (Caligula) the savage monster, in Claudius the fool and weakling, and in Nero the scoundrel. Tacitus, whose books on Gaius' reign are lost, and Cassius Dio painted them in more or less the same colours. To Tacitus, Tiberius was a hypocrite and criminal; Claudius had a weak mind,2 Gaius mental disorder.3 But Dio granted that Claudius, though sick in body so that his head and hands shook slightly, was by no means inferior in mental ability;4 and Pliny the Elder, a contemporary, had a high opinion of his learning and cited him four times as an authority.5 Despite the generally unfavourable picture oftheprinceps drawn bythe ancient writers the admiTnistrative machinery functioned for the most part efficiently and the empire ofAugustus was consolidated; most ofits citizens were content; opposition came from a restricted circle. -
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
THE ANATOMY OF ROMAN EPIC: A STUDY OF POETIC VIOLENCE By JAMES MOSS LOHMAR A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2013 1 © 2013 James Moss Lohmar 2 Meis parentibus sororibusque bellis 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I must first thank my mother, for forcing me to take Latin, and my father, for always talking shop. My sisters, Sarah and Elizabeth, have supported me throughout my studies, and their enthusiasm for my progress is always welcome. I have profound respect for Dr. Robert Burgess and Professors Mario Erasmo and James Anderson, without whose enthusiasm and instruction my decision to pursue a Ph.D. would have never come about. My gratitude goes to Professor Victoria Pagán and the students of her Lucan seminar during Fall 2009, whence the nascent stages of this project were born. My thanks go to Seth Boutin, Megan Daly and George Hendren, in particular, for their erudition and collegial support in this process. Lindsay Rogers offered me much support in the way of professional and academic advice throughout my graduate studies. I have appreciated the criticisms of Professor Gene Witmer in UF Philosophy, who has offered help in making this project appeal to a non-specialist audience. His suggestions of horror bibliography and modern film comparanda have been indispensible. Professor Kostas Kapparis has been a steady mentor in my teaching and writing since I began Ph.D. work, and his objectivity has kept my argument grounded in the text. -
4 Chapter 11: the Roman Republic
Name Class Date FORMAL Chapter 11: The Roman Republic ASSESSMENT UNIT 4 CHAPTER TEST B Part 1: Multiple CHoice Choose the best answer for each question from the choices available. 1 Where is the city of Rome located? 7 What statement describes the life of the A east of the Apennines on the Italian Peninsula aristocracy? B on the island of Sicily A They lived and worked on small farms. C in the Alps in northern Italy B They owned most of the land and dominated the government. D on the west coast of the Italian Peninsula C They worked at manual labor for very low wages. 2 According to legend, who founded the city D They were craftspeople, teachers, and doctors. of Rome? A Roman gods 8 Which human qualities were important to the ancient Romans? B Romulus and Remus A beauty, grace, elegance C Aeneas and the Etruscans B curiosity, intelligence, imagination D Cicero and Cincinnatus C discipline, strength, loyalty 3 Which of the following did the Greeks introduce D honesty, humor, helpfulness to the early Romans? A the long epic poem 9 What was the legion in ancient Rome? B the grid system for city streets A a group of loyal Senators C stone houses B a group of well-trained professional soldiers D metalworking C a group of elected plebeians D a group of patriarchs 4 Which of the following was NOT a branch of the Roman government? 10 Who defeated the Roman army at Cannae during A executive the Second Punic War? B judicial A Scipio C patrician B Philip V D legislative C Marius D Hannibal 5 What was one result of the plebeian strike in 494 b.c.? A The plebeians were allowed to elect their own representatives. -
Representing Roman Female Suicide. Phd Thesis
GUILT, REDEMPTION AND RECEPTION: REPRESENTING ROMAN FEMALE SUICIDE ELEANOR RUTH GLENDINNING, BA (Hons) MA Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy DECEMBER 2011 Abstract This thesis examines representations of Roman female suicide in a variety of genres and periods from the history and poetry of the Augustan age (especially Livy, Ovid, Horace, Propertius and Vergil), through the drama and history of the early Principate (particularly Seneca and Tacitus), to some of the Church fathers (Tertullian, Jerome and Augustine) and martyr acts of Late Antiquity. The thesis explores how the highly ambiguous and provocative act of female suicide was developed, adapted and reformulated in historical, poetic, dramatic and political narratives. The writers of antiquity continually appropriated this controversial motif in order to comment on and evoke debates about issues relating to the moral, social and political concerns of their day: the ethics of a voluntary death, attitudes towards female sexuality, the uses and abuses of power, and traditionally expected female behaviour. In different literary contexts, and in different periods of Roman history, writers and thinkers engaged in this same intellectual exercise by utilising the suicidal female figure in their works. ii Acknowledgments I would like to thank the Arts and Humanities Research Council for providing the financial assistance necessary for me to carry out this research. The Roman Society also awarded a bursary that allowed me to undertake research at the Fondation Hardt pour I'etude de I'antiquite classique, in Geneva, Switzerland (June 2009). I am also grateful for the CAS Gender Histories bursary award which aided me while making revisions to the original thesis. -
Perjury and False Witness in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages
Perjury and False Witness in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages by Nicholas Brett Sivulka Wheeler A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Medieval Studies University of Toronto © Copyright by Nicholas Brett Sivulka Wheeler 2018 Perjury and False Witness in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages Nicholas Brett Sivulka Wheeler Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Medieval Studies University of Toronto 2018 Abstract This dissertation, ‘Perjury and False Witness in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages’, investigates changing perceptions of perjury and false witness in the late antique and early medieval world. Focusing on primary sources from the Latin-speaking, western Roman empire and former empire, approximately between the late third and seventh centuries CE, this thesis proposes that perjury and false witness were transformed into criminal behaviours, grave sins, and canonical offences in Latin legal and religious writings of the period. Chapter 1, ‘Introduction: The Problem of Perjury’s Criminalization’, calls attention to anomalies in the history and historiography of the oath. Although the oath has been well studied, oath violations have not; moreover, important sources for medieval culture – Roman law and the Christian New Testament – were largely silent on the subject of perjury. For classicists in particular, perjury was not a crime, while oath violations remained largely peripheral to early Christian ethical discussions. Chapter 2, ‘Criminalization: Perjury and False Witness in Late Roman Law’, begins to explain how this situation changed by documenting early possible instances of penalization for perjury. Diverse sources such as Christian martyr acts, provincial law manuals, and select imperial ii and post-imperial legislation suggest that numerous cases of perjury were criminalized in practice.