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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-56494-6 - The Carolingian World Marios Costambeys, Matthew Innes and Simon Maclean Index More information INDEX . Aachen on conversion of Avars and Saxons, and memory of Charlemagne, 5 108 Charlemagne’s burial place, 154, 197 on force and conversion, 74 palace complex and chapel, 77, 157, on imperium, 166 168, 169, 173, 174, 175, 178, 196, 197, on pope and emperor, 138 199, 201, 205, 213, 214, 217, 218, 282, on the virtues and vices, 300 293, 295, 320, 409, 411, 420, 425 relationship to Willibrord, 106 Abbo of St-Germain-des-Pres:´ on Viking Alemannia. See also Judith, Empress; attack on Paris, 277 Charles the Fat Adalhard, Charlemagne’s cousin, 193 and Carolingian conquest, 225 and Hincmar’s De ordine palatii [On the and Charles Martel, 46 Governance of the Palace], 295 and family of Empress Judith, 206 and succession of Louis the Pious, 199 and opposition to rehabilitated in 820s, 206 Carolingians, 41, 51 afterlife: ideas of, 115 and Pippin III, 52 Agnellus of Ravenna, 59 conquest under Carloman and Pippin Agobard of Lyon III, 52 controversy with Amalarius of Metz, Merovingian conquest, 35 121 under Charlemagne, 66 criticism of Matfrid’s influence, 213 Amalarius of Metz on Jewish slave traders, 367 on Mass, 121 Aistulf, Lombard king, 58, 62 annals, 22, 23 laws on merchants, 368 and Pippin’s seizure of kingship, 32 military legislation of, 279 production of, 18, 21 Alcuin Annals of Fulda, 23, 231, 387, 396, as scholar, 143 404 as teacher, 147 Annals of Lorsch, 23, 166 asks ‘what has Ingeld to do with Annals of Metz, 169 Christ?’, 93 Annals of St Bertin, 23, 249, 277, 388 at Charlemagne’s court, 146 Ansegisus: capitulary collection, 184, letter to Offa, 277 407 Life of Willibrord, 88, 101 Anskar, Frankish missionary, 356 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-56494-6 - The Carolingian World Marios Costambeys, Matthew Innes and Simon Maclean Index More information 496 Index Antoigne,´ estate of monastery of Cormery, and Paul the Deacon’s ‘History’, 22 266 relations with Lombard kingdom, Aquitaine. See also Charles the Bald, and 65 Carolingian politics; Carloman, son Beowulf, 92 of Charles the Bald; Pippin II of Bernard of Italy Aquitaine; Pippin of Aquitaine and Louis the Pious, 197, 202–5 and Charles Martel, 43, 47, 48 Bernard of Septimania and Merovingians, 37 and revolt of 829, 43, 218 and opposition to early Carolingians, as Louis the Pious’s chamberlain, 43 214 and Pippin III, 52, 56, 61, 64–5 executed by Charles the Bald, 418 conquest by Charlemagne, 65 Bertrada, wife of Pippin III, 55, 56, 65 under Louis the Pious, 174 bishop, office of, 76, 122, 139, 172, 179 archaeology. See also Rome; Mainz; and Boniface’s opponents, 76, 141 Hedeby; Quentovic; Hamwic; and royal government, 190 Dorestad; Ingelheim; Aachen; Anglo-Saxon perceptions, 98 residences, aristocratic; towns development in pre-Carolingian Europe, and changing views of economy, 96–7 326 in late Merovingian Gaul, 98 and rural society, 227 Boniface, 32, 54, 57, 102–3, 138–41 importance of, 29 and definition of Christianity, 87. See of rural settlement, 236–41 also Indiculus superstitionum et Arnulf of Carinthia, 424, 425–7 paganiarum Astronomer: Life of Louis the Pious, 23, and ‘paganism’, 91, 92 156, 158, 174, 197, 202, 211, 212, 214, Church councils organised by, 89 281 claims to sanctity, 148 Audoin, bishop of Rouen, 97, 98 criticisms of Frankish and Roman Austrasia Christianity, 107 and early Carolingians, 34 his network of supporters, 106 and rise of Carolingians, 39 books, book production, 16–18, 24, 143, and rise of Charles Martel, 42, 43 144, 145–6 in late Merovingian times, 37, 38 in ninth century, 149–52 Austrasia, subkingdom Boso of Vienne, 313, 400, 419–21 and early Carolingians. See Childebert Burgundy ‘the Adopted’ in late Merovingian times, 37, 38 Merovingian conquest, 35 Bavaria. See also Arnulf of Carinthia. takeover by Charles Martel, 44 Karlmann of Bavaria; Louis the burial, 111, 289. See also cemeteries German Byzantium. See also Venice; Rome; Louis and Charles Martel, 46 II and opposition to Carolingians, 51 and Charlemagne, 68–9 and Pippin III, 52, 56 and Charlemagne’s imperial coronation, Boniface’s reorganisation of Bavarian 166 church, 103 and Frankish response to ‘iconoclasm’, Charlemagne’s seizure of, 69–70 63, 147 relations with Lombard kingdom, 65 and negotiations over recognition of Benedict of Aniane, 201 Charlemagne’s imperial title, 168 and liturgy, 137 contesting Carolingian claims to empire, Benevento. See also Louis II 14 and Charlemagne, 68 Pippin III relations with, 63 and military alliance with Byzantium, possessions in eighth-century Italy, 57, 68 58, 59 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-56494-6 - The Carolingian World Marios Costambeys, Matthew Innes and Simon Maclean Index More information Index 497 capitularies, 182–9 and Louis the Pious as king of Aquitaine, absence from east Frankish kingdom, 212 408 and Rome, 135, 136, 138, 160–8, 169, absence in 830s, 221 170 Admonitio ad omnes regni ordines 823–5, and silk, 365 208, 209, 321 and Slavs, 171, 355–6 Admonitio generalis of 789, 136, 141, and the aristocracy, 75–9 142, 188, 321 and Venice, 369 and correction of Church under anointing by pope in 753, 61 Charlemagne, 142 as patron of literary culture, 24, 146–7, Ansegisus’s collection of, 184 302 Charlemagne’s Saxon capitularies, 74 birth, 56, 62 De villis, 254, 261, 262, 336, 337 burial at Aachen, 5, 154–5, 197 episcopal capitularies, 123 capitularies, 183 for missi in 802, 180 conquest of Aquitaine, 65 of 811, 193 conquest of Avars, 70–2, 108, 299 of 828–9, 215 conquest of Lombard kingdom, 65–7 of Charles the Bald, 407 conquest of Saxons, 73–5, 108 of Louis II, 407 conquest of Saxony, 105 on local officials, 232 court 76–7, 282, 320 Pˆıres 864, 293, 408 criticised under Louis the Pious, 201, preservation of, 25 202 ‘Programmatic’ 802, 184, 197 death of, 154–5, 196–8 Quierzy 877, 314, 408 ‘economic policy’, 329 Regensburg 789, 78, 79 frontiers of empire, 170, 172 Carloman II, 421 ideologies of empire, 168–70 Carloman, King, brother of Charlemagne, imperial coronation of 800, 4, 138, 65, 116 155, 160–8 anointing by pope in 753, 61 itineraries of, 174 Carloman, mayor of palace and brother of last years of, 157, 193, 198 Pippin III, 31, 49, 51–61, 62, 64 meets pope in 753, 1 and Boniface, 139 memory of, 5, 6, 15, 177, 207, 343 and church councils, 139 naval campaigns in western and foundation of Fulda, 103 Mediterranean, 372 Carloman, son of Charles the Bald, 400, On the cultivation of letters, 142 404 relations with Carloman, 65–7 Carolingians rule in Italy, 65–8 distinctive feature of their regime, 9–16 succession plans, 194–8 in modern historiography, 2–3, 5, 6–7, warfare, 75–6, 155, 170, 172 343 Charles Martel cemeteries, 240. See also burial as ruler of Frankish kingdoms, 44–51 Charlemagne in later Carolingian propaganda, 177 and Bavaria, 69–70 papacy and Lombard kingdom, 57 and Byzantium, 68–9, 166–8, 369 rise to power, 42–4 and Christianisation, 107 victory against Muslims, 6 and Church, 116, 130, 136, 137, 141, Charles of Provence, 394 142, 143 Charles the Bald and Danes, 171, 355–6 able to punish aristocrats, 418 and family, 196–8, 201, 282 and Breton rulers, 413 and government, 170–94 and Carolingian politics 843–77, and Harun al-Rashid, 372 388–407 and Italy, 135, 136, 160–8 and civil war of 840–3, 383 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-56494-6 - The Carolingian World Marios Costambeys, Matthew Innes and Simon Maclean Index More information 498 Index Charles the Bald (cont.) Codex Carolinus, 33, 136 and Compiegne,` 409 Comacchio, 359, 361 and Danegeld, 357, 418 commemoration, 110–11 and destruction of unauthorised and inheritance, 311 fortifications, 293 and Libri memoriales, 306 and honores, 314, 315 and women, 312–13 and Quentovic, 348 of the dead, 18, 25, 110–17 and rebellions of 830s, 218–22 Compiegne,` palace, 409 and Strasbourg oaths, 303 Corbie, monastery and theological debate, 120 and debate on Mass, 119 and Treaty of Coulaines 843, 322 councils, Church, 94, 140 birth of, 207 Aachen, 136, 147, 197, 199, 224 charters, 411 Concilium germanicum 742, 139 commissioning of historiography, 152 Les Estinnes 743, 140, 179 handling of Vikings, 417 of 813, 196–8 itineraries of, 409 of 816–17, 205 Louis the Pious creates a kingdom for in of 828–9, 216 829, 214 on marriage, 132 Charles the Fat, 35, 281, 313, 377, 381, resumption under Carloman and Pippin 383, 386, 401, 404, 411, 418, 421, III, 52 422–6, 427, 434 Soissons 744, 140 and Guy of Spoleto, 309 count, office of, 76, 77, 78, 172, 179, 206 and palaces, 295 and capitularies, 182–9 humiliates followers of rebel Hugh, created in Bavaria after Charlemagne’s 281 takeover, 69–70 submits to father after rebellion, 278 imposed in Lombard kingdom after 776, svelte appearance, 383 67 Charles, son of Charlemagne residence of count of Orleans,´ 287 and Charlemagne’s succession plans, seen as ministerium, 188 68, 194–6 and village life, 232 crowned in Rome in 800, 195 Charles, son of Charles the Bald, 297 Danes. See also Godafrid I; Godafrid III; charters, 111 Vikings and religious patronage, 112–13, 114, and Charlemagne, 171 126 and Frankish mission, 223 as evidence for royal government, 181, and Louis the Pious, 208 193 baptism of Harald Klak, 177 as evidence for rural society, 227, 229, economic and political significance in 241–6 first
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