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Cambridge University Press 0521819458 - Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire Simon Maclean Index More information INDEX Aachen, 81, 120, 157, 188–9, 203, 224; see also Baldwinof Flanders, 117–18, 220 relics Bautier, Robert-Henri, 103, 110–11 Abbo of St-Germain, poet, 27, 36, 55–64, 82, Bavarian annalist, the, see Annals of Fulda 103, 106, 108 Beauvais, 107–8 Adalald, archbishop of Tours, 67 Belluno, see Haimo of Belluno Adalard, count of the palace, 117–18 Berardus, Italiancount, 70 Adalbert, count in Alemannia, 89–90 Berengar of Friuli, marchio, later king and Adalelm, count of Laon, 117–18 emperor, 28, 70–9, 92, 94–6, 113, 168, Adalgisus, count of Piacenza, 71, 72 181–2, 184, 220 Adalroch, missus, 71 Bernard, son of Charles the Fat, 123, 129–34, Ahab, 33 142, 143, 151, 152, 154, 159, 161, 167–9, Alanof Brittany, 154 172, 173–4, 182–3, 192–3, 197, 207, 211, Aletramnus, count in west Francia, 106, 116 212, 218–22, 227 Andernach, Battle of (876), 103, 133 Bernard Plantevelue of the Auvergne, marchio, Andlau, 172, 186, 188, 189, 191 69–70, 72–9, 115, 117 Andreas of Bergamo, historian, 62–3 Berthold, count of the palace, 185 Annals of Fulda, 23–47, 86, 97–8, 130, 131, 138, bishops, 204–13; see also Frotar of Bourges; 151, 174, 176–7, 190, 191, 195, 230 Gauzlin of St-Denis; Geilo of Langres; Annals of St-Bertin, 46 Haimo of Belluno; Liutbert of Mainz; Annals of St-Vaast, 36, 62, 100, 102, 125, 127 Liutward of Vercelli; Raino of Angers; anointing, see consecration Walter of Orleans;´ Walter of Sens; Wibod Aquitaine, 60–1, 101 of Parma Arbo, margrave, 135, 137–8, 139, 141, 142 Bobbio, 178 aristocracy, 3, 8, 12–14, 15–16, 17–18, 19, Bodman, 40, 83, 86, 89 48–80, 83–90, 122, 191; see also Berengar Book of Ceremonies, The, 155 of Friuli; Bernard Plantevelue of the Boso of Vienne, 21–2, 68, 69, 110, 112–13, Auvergne; Gauzlin of St-Denis; Hugh the 114–15, 117, 121, 127, 152, 162, 164–5, Abbot; Odo of Paris; Udalrich 166, 169–71, 231; see also Mantaille, armies, 16–17, 32, 34, 58, 121; see also Vikings Assembly of (879); Vienne, Oaths of Arnulf of Carinthia, king and emperor, 2, (880) 26, 34, 61, 89, 99, 116, 122, 123, 130, Brazlavo, Slavic dux, 135, 138, 142 134–44, 156–8, 159, 162, 164–5, 173–4, Breitenheim, 187 177, 190, 191–8, 219, 220, 221–2, 227, Buhrer-Thierry,¨ Genevieve,` 30, 99 230–1 Burgundians, 60–1 Askericus of Paris, bishop, 57, 109, 116, 126, 168 capitularies, 15, 19–20 Asselt, siege of (882), 30–7, 97 Caput Pariol, 94 Asser, biographer, 100 Carinthia, 135–40; see also Arnulf of Carinthia Atuyer, 113 CarlomanII, 66, 69, 76, 102–3, 107–8, 110, Auvergne, the, see Bernard Plantevelue of the 117, 118, 123, 124–6, 128, 132, 137, 142, Auvergne 192 Auxerre, 51–3 Chadolt of Novara, bishop, 88, 146, 153 258 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521819458 - Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire Simon Maclean Index More information Index Chalon, see St-Marcel-les-Chalon,` synod of Engelschalk, margrave, 137–8 (887) Engilger, Bavarian warrior, 193 Chalons-sur-Marne,ˆ 103 Epiphany, 146–56 Charlemagne, king and emperor, 33, 64, 77, Erardus, Italiancount, 71 121, 199–229 Erchempert of Monte Cassino, historian, 63, Charles the Bald, king and emperor, 8, 17, 21, 74 65–6, 74, 75, 77, 83, 91, 114, 116–17, 124, Erchingen, 88 148, 159, 178, 224, 228 Esther, Book of, 30, 174, 177 Charles the Fat, king and emperor and aristocracy, passim Field of Lies, the (833), 196 depositionanddeath, 2, 6, 56, 191–8 fisc, royal, 12–14, 94–6, 97 early years, 83–6 Florus of Lyon, 163 illness, 39–41 Fontenoy, battle of (841), 219 imperial coronation, 188 Fouron, Treaty of (878), 103 itinerary, 37–42, 82, 97, 100–1, 125–6, 147 Frankfurt, 97, 151, 194 kingship of, passim Frotar of Bourges, archbishop, 74 nickname, 1 Fulda, 145, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152 personality, 46 Fulk of Rheims, archbishop, 56, 107, 117–18, sources for, 10 166 Charles the Simple, king, 77, 120, 125, 192, 220, 232 Gauzlin of St-Denis, abbot and bishop, 39, 57, charters, 20, 53–4, 82, 99, 100, 111, 120, 58, 103–6, 107–8, 115–16 126–7, 132–3, 141–2, 144–53, 165, 169, Geilo of Langres, bishop, 110–16, 119, 120, 178, 179–84, 186 126–7, 128, 148–9, 160, 168 Chezil, see Kocel Gerold, marchio inBavaria, 77 Chur, 187, 189 Gibbon, Edward, 1, 8 Conrad I, king, 145, 158 Glanfeuil, 104 Conrad of Paris, count, 104, 117–18 Godafrid I, Viking leader, 203, 213–15 Conrad of Transjurane Burgundy, count, 67, 68 Godafrid III, Viking leader, 31, 32, 150, 203, consecration, royal/imperial, 18, 110, 126–7, 213–15 144–60 Golden Psalter of St-Gall, 154, 225–6 consiliarius (title), 182–5 Gondreville, 150 Corteolona, 93–5 Guillot, Olivier, 50–3 counts, see honores Grand, Lotharingia, 126–9 Gundbato, deacon, 135, 136 Daniel, book of, 221–3, 228 Guy of Spoleto, dux and king, 70, 96, 111, 112, David, king, 225–6 119, 121, 127, 128, 180 Desiderius, Lombard king, 218 Dhondt, Jan, 3–4, 12, 79 HadrianIII, pope, 134, 142, 159, 161, 173, 192 Dijon, 113 Haimo of Belluno, bishop, 71–2, 181 Dodo, royal fidelis, 109, 110 Halphen, Louis, 199 Donzere,` 114 Hartmut of St-Gall, abbot, 203 Dorestad, 11 Hatto of Mainz, archbishop, 171–2 duchies, 4–5, 49, 59–64, 65; see also Henry, royal general, 34, 38–9, 61, 97, 98, 150, principalities 214 Herbert of Vermandois, count, 107, 109 Eberhard of Friuli, marchio, 71 Herifridus, bishop of Auxerre, 51–3 Ebo of Rheims, archbishop, 29 Hildebold, count in Alemannia, 89–90 Ebolus of St-Denis, abbot, 57 Hildegard, queen, 212 economy, 11–12 Hincmar of Rheims, archbishop, 36, 37, 43, Einhard, biographer, 33, 57, 59, 199, 205, 213, 124, 158, 159, 168, 211 214, 228 Hlawitschka, Eduard, 163, 166 Ekkehard IV of St-Gall, historian, 88, 157, 202 honores (offices), 14–16, 51, 67, 72, 73–5, 76–7, Engelberga, empress, 92, 94–6, 112–13, 166, 183; see also aristocracy 169–70, 171, 183 Hucbald of Senlis, count, 108 259 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521819458 - Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire Simon Maclean Index More information Index Hugh of Lotharingia, son of Lothar II, 26, 123, Louis III of west Francia, king, 37, 102–3, 128, 130, 133, 143, 149–53, 220 107–8, 117, 118, 124, 128, 137, 192 Hugh of St-Quentin, 106 Louis of Provence, king and emperor, 112–13, Hugh, sonof Louis the Younger, 133 123, 162–8 Hugh the Abbot, 39, 51, 65–6, 67, 103, 104–5, Louis the German, king, 25, 38, 83–6, 89, 98, 116, 117 99, 111, 124, 132, 140, 141, 157, 164, 178, hunting, 19, 39, 95, 103, 124, 217 207, 221, 224–5 Louis the Pious, emperor, 8, 19, 21, 77, 83, identities, see national/regional identities 121, 162, 175, 196 Inverno, 94 Louis the Stammerer, king, 17, 65, 102, 117, Irmingarde, princess, 113, 162, 165, 166 124, 231 Isembard, nobleman, 217 Louis the Younger, king, 25, 38, 83–6, 97, 102, 117, 132–3, 134–6, 192 Jerome, St, 221–3, 228 Lowe,¨ Heinz, 200 JohnVIII, pope, 185 Ludwigslied, the, 124 Judith, empress, 175 Julianthe Apostate, 223 Magi, the, 153 Mainz annalist, the, see Annals of Fulda Karlmann of Bavaria, king, 83–6, 91–2, 94, Manasses, Burgundian count, 68 134–5, 141, 221–3 Mantaille, Assembly of (879), 68, 110, 112, 127; Kaumberg, 138 see also Boso of Vienne Keller, Hagen, 182–3, 194 marchio (as a title), 67, 70, 183 Kienast, Walther, 49, 61, 64 Meletto, 94 Kinzheim, 187, 188 Moosburg, 136 Kirchen, assembly of (887), 109, 112–13, 162, Moravia, 85; see also Zwentibald of Moravia 167–8 Morienval, 106 Kocel, Slavic dux, 136 Moutier-Grandval, 68 Korvey, 98 national/regional identities, 4–5, 59–64, 82, land, see aristocracy; fisc, royal; honores 115–20; see also duchies; principalities Langres, 132–3, 145; see also Geilo of Langres Neudingen, 87, 196 Lassois, 113 Neustria, 49–61, 65–6, 67, 76–7, 79; see also Lausanne, 68, 85 Hugh the Abbot; Odo of Paris; Robert lay abbacies, 72–3; see also Morienval; St-Julien; the Strong St-Martin; St-Maurice d’Agaune Notker the Stammerer, historian, 27, 63, 85, Leuven, 129 88, 131, 134, 143–4, 147, 152, 154–6, 159, Life of St Verena, see Verena, St 172, 199–229 Liutbert of Mainz, archbishop, 24–6, Noyon, 107 28–30, 33, 38–9, 44–5, 46, 86, 97–8, 120, 130, 151, 152, 162–3, 190, Odo of Paris, count and king, 49–67, 72–9, 205–13, 229 101, 104, 106, 108–9, 111, 115–16, 117, Liutfrid, count and fidelis of Rudolf, 68 119–20, 166, 168 Liutswind, Arnulf ’s mother, 134 offices, see honores Liutward of Vercelli, archchancellor, 25–6, Orleans,´ 50–1 28–30, 31, 33, 35, 44–5, 46, 53, 70, 87, 91, Otbert, praepositus of Langres, 111 155, 162–3, 169, 178–86, 187–91, 202, Otting,¨ 141–2 228, 229 Otto I, king and emperor, 189 lordship, territorial, 73–5 Otulf, royal chaplain, 185 Lorsch, 111, 132–3, 142, 152 Lothar I, emperor, 127, 163, 164, 166 Paderborn, 98 Lothar II, king, 25, 85, 134, 151, 169–71, 178 palaces, royal, 93; see also Aachen; Bodman; Lotharingia, 48, 82, 126–9, 131–2, 166–8; see Corteolona; Frankfurt; Kirchen, assembly also Hugh of Lotharingia of (887); Moosburg; Otting;¨ Ponthion; Louis II of Italy, emperor, 70, 72, 91, 96, 124, Ravenna; Regensburg; Selestat;´ Ulm 165, 169, 178, 182–3 Palding, 89 260 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521819458 - Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire Simon Maclean Index More information Index Pannonia, 135–40 Salomon of Constance, bishop, 89, 209 Paris, siege of (885–6), 35,
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    PAPAL COINAGE To 1605 NOTES ON PAPAL COINAGE The Papal Mint is the pope's institute for the production of hard cash. Papal Mint may also refer to the buildings in Avignon, Rome and elsewhere which used to house the mint. (The Italian word for mint is Zecca). The right to coin money being one of the regalia (sovereign prerogatives), there can be no papal coins of earlier date than that of the temporal power of the popes. Nevertheless, there are coins of Pope Zacharias (741-52), of Gregory III (Ficoroni, "Museo Kircheriano"), and possibly of Gregory II (715-741). There is no doubt that these pieces, two of which are of silver, are true coins, and not merely a species of medals, like those which were distributed as "presbyterium" at the coronation of the popes since the time of Valentine (827). Their stamp resembles that of the Byzantine and Merovingian coins of the seventh and eighth centuries, and their square shape is also found in Byzantine pieces. Those that bear the inscription GREII PAPE — SCI PTR (Gregorii Papæ — Sancti Petri) cannot be attributed to Pope Gregory IV (827-44), because of the peculiarity of minting. The existence of these coins, while the popes yet recognized the Byzantine domination, is explained by Hartmann (Das Königreich Italien, Vol. III), who believes that, in the eighth century, the popes received from the emperors the attributes of "Præfectus Urbis". Under the empire, coins that were struck in the provinces bore the name of some local magistrate, and those coins of Gregory and of Zacharias are simply imperial Byzantine pieces, bearing the name of the first civil magistrate of the City of Rome.
  • The Beginnings of the Temporal Sovereignty of the Popes, A.D. 754

    The Beginnings of the Temporal Sovereignty of the Popes, A.D. 754

    Dt.Ht.rf H-^ysH;*^ ^, . CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY GIFT OF Nixon n-i ^fis The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://archive.org/details/cu31924029389222 The International Catholic Library Edited by REV. J. WILHELM, D.D., Ph.D. Vol. XI. 0t|)il oftstat JOSEPH WILHELM, S.T.D., Censor deputatus. Jmprimi potest. >ii GULIELMUS, Episcopus Arindelensis, Vicarius Generalis. Westmonasterii, die 30 Aprilis 1907. THE BEGmNINGS OF THE TEMPORAL SOVEREIGNTY OF THE POPES A.D. 754-1073 Mgk. L. DUCHESNE, D.D. (DIRECTOR OF THE ^COLE FRANgAISE AT ROME) AUTHORISED TRANSLATION FROM THE FRENCH BY ARNOLD HARRIS MATHEW (De Juee Eael of Landaff, of Thomastown, Co. Tippekabt) LONDON KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO. L™. DRYDBN HOUSE, GERHARD STREET, W. 1907 All rights reserved Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson 6^ Co. At the Ballantyne Press, Edinburgh TRANSLATOR'S NOTE IMoNSiGNOR Duchesne's volume on the beginnings of the temporal power of the Popes appeared to me to be the most accm'ate and concise of any of the treatises on this important question which have hitherto appeared. I accordingly sought his per- mission to translate the work into English, feeling assured that it would prove interesting to a very wide circle of readers. For the kindness and readiness with which the learned author acceded to my request, I desire to record here my sense of gratitude. I have endeavoured to express the meaning of the original, rather than the actual words or idioms of the author, in order to avoid the awkwardness and clumsiness of diction, which a literal rendering would have involved.