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Steven Robbie Phd Thesis THE EMERGENCE OF REGIONAL POLITIES IN BURGUNDY AND ALEMANNIA, C. 888-940: A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT Steven Robbie A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2012 Full metadata for this item is available in Research@StAndrews:FullText at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3033 This item is protected by original copyright This item is licensed under a Creative Commons Licence The emergence of regional polities in Burgundy and Alemannia c. 888-940: a comparative assessment Steven Robbie This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 27 June 2011 Abstract This study uses the ‘duchies’ of Burgundy and Alemannia as case studies for an examination of the nature and causes of political change in the five decades after the death in 888 of the Emperor Charles the Fat ended the Carolingian monopoly on kingship in the Frankish realms. Existing narratives of this period posit discontinuity between the pre- and post-888 political worlds and define the status of dukes in opposition to royal power as the manifestation of either regional communal identity or self-centred aristocratic greed. Close examination of Burgundy and Alemannia indicates that such approaches are invalid, and that the fundaments of the Carolingian system persisted in the ideology and practice of politics after 888: a desire for the control over land and religious establishments, juxtaposed with a deep-seated belief in the centrality of the kingship to the political order. Dukedoms emerged in both regions not as a result of deep-rooted social forces but as short-term responses by magnates to crises at the centre. The perception that the dukedom was an essential form of political organization failed to take root in either territory prior to 940. Although the status of the dukedoms ultimately developed in different ways in the two kingdoms, it is suggested that the root causes of this are best sought in high politics itself. Declarations 1. Candidate’s declarations: I, Steven Robbie, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 80,000 words in length, has been written by me, that it is the record of work carried out by me and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September 2006 and as a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in September 2007; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2006 and 2011. Date: 27 June 2011 Signature of candidate: 2. Supervisor’s declaration: I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of St Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree. Date: 27 June 2011 Signature of supervisor: 3. Permission for electronic publication: In submitting this thesis to the University of St Andrews I understand that I am giving permission for it to be made available for use in accordance with the regulations of the University Library for the time being in force, subject to any copyright vested in the work not being affected thereby. I also understand that the title and the abstract will be published, and that a copy of the work may be made and supplied to any bona fide library or research worker, that my thesis will be electronically accessible for personal or research use unless exempt by award of an embargo as requested below, and that the library has the right to migrate my thesis into new electronic forms as required to ensure continued access to the thesis. I have obtained any third-party copyright permissions that may be required in order to allow such access and migration, or have requested the appropriate embargo below. The following is an agreed request by candidate and supervisor regarding the electronic publication of this thesis: - Access to all of printed copy but embargo of all of electronic copy of thesis for a period of three years on the following ground(s): Free availability would hinder future publication. Date: 27 June 2011 Signature of candidate: Date: 27 June 2011 Signature of supervisor: Contents Acknowledgements ii Table of abbreviations iii Introduction Chapter 1 Narratives of transition after 888 1 The duchy of western Burgundy c. 888-936 Chapter 2 Remembering the first duke of Burgundy 20 Chapter 3 Local power and regnal ideology: the dukedom of Richard the 27 Justiciar Chapter 4 Burgundy under Raoul 71 The duchy of Alemannia c. 888-940 Chapter 5 Remembering the first dukes of Alemannia 97 Chapter 6 Alemannia and the royal court c. 888-920 107 Chapter 7 Discontinuous dukedom: Alemannia c. 920-940 153 Conclusions Chapter 8 Concluding remarks 189 Bibliography 193 Family tree 1: The descendants of Bivin 205 Family tree 2: The Burchardines 207 Family tree 3: Udalrich of Aadorf 209 Family tree 4: Erchanger, Bertold, Cunigund 209 Family tree 5: Salomon III of Constance and his kin 211 Family tree 6: The ancestors of Count Landric of Nevers 213 Key to maps, illustrations and genealogical tables Map 1: Burgundy and Alemannia 3 Map 2: Landholdings of the cathedral church of Autun 55 Map 3: Alemannia 106 Table: Witnesses to charters at Autun and Chalon 916-921 80 Illustration: Erchanger, Bertold and associates on page 3 of the Reichenau book 136 of confraternity i Acknowledgements This study would not have been possible without the financial support of the Arts and Humanities Research Council of the U.K., who paid my fees, the Faculty of Arts of the University of St Andrews, who provided me with a Faculty Scholarship, and most of all the trustees of the Bullough Scholarship Fund, whose generous award kept me fed, watered and housed through three years of study. I owe a great deal to St Andrews besides. The lively medieval history department has been a stimulating environment to work in throughout my time here, and I am especially grateful to my supervisor Simon MacLean, firstly for encouraging a novice historian of only a few months’ standing to undertake a daunting project, but most of all for his prompt and constructive feedback, constant encouragement and his willingness to bear with me as the thesis slowly struggled to find its shape. I dedicate this work to my father David Robbie, who died six months before this project began and so was sadly unable to see an eccentric move from accounting to academia turn into a full-time obsession with the history of medieval Europe. ii Abbreviations AA (M) Annales Alamannici, Monza codex AA (Z) Annales Alamannici, Zürich codex AB Annales Bertiniani AF (B) Annales Fuldenses, Bavarian continuation AF (M) Annales Fuldenses, Mainz continuation AV Annales Vedastini C. Autun Cartulaire de l’Église d’Autun. References are to vol. 1 unless stated. Cont. Reg. Adalbert of Magdeburg, ‘Continuatio Reginonis’ D. Diplomata of: Arn Arnulf of Carinthia: MGH Diplomata regum Germaniae ex stirpe Karolinorum III: Arnolfi diplomata Burg. Kings of Burgundy: MGH Regum Burgundiae e stirpe Rudolfina diplomata et acta CI Conrad I: MGH Diplomata regum et imperatorum Germaniae I: Conradi I., Heinrici I. et Ottonis I. diplomata CIII Charles III the Fat: MGH Diplomata regum Germaniae ex stirpe Karolinorum II: Karoli III. diplomata CB Charles the Bald: Recueil des actes de Charles II le Chauve, roi de France CS Charles the Simple: Recueil des actes de Charles III le Simple, roi de France (893-923) HI Henry I: MGH Diplomata regum et imperatorum Germaniae I: Conradi I., Heinrici I. et Ottonis I. diplomata LCh Louis the Child: MGH Diplomata regum Germaniae ex stirpe Karolinorum IV: Zwentiboldi et Ludovici Infantis diplomata LG Louis the German: MGH Diplomata regum Germaniae ex stirpe Karolinorum I: Ludowici Germanici, Karlomanni, Ludowici Iunioris diplomata LIV Louis IV d’Outremer: Recueil des actes de Louis IV, roi de France (937-954) LLC Louis the Stammerer, Louis III, and Carloman II: Recueil des actes de Louis II le Bègue, Louis III et Carloman II, rois de France (877-884) Odo Odo: Recueil des actes d'Eudes, roi de France (888-898) OI Otto I: MGH Diplomata regum et imperatorum Germaniae I: Conradi I., Heinrici I. et Ottonis I. diplomata Prov. Kings of Provence: Recueil des actes des rois de Provence RR Robert I and Raoul: Recueil des actes de Robert Ier et de Raoul, rois de France (922- 926) DA Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters FMSt Frühmittelalterliche Studien GPA Gesta Pontificum Autissiodorensium Lib. conf. MGH Libri memoriales nova series I: Das Verbrüderungsbuch der Abtei Reichenau Reichenau Lib. conf. K. Schmid, ‘Versuch einer Rekonstruktion der St. Galler Verbrüderungsbücher des 9. St Gallen Jahrhunderts’ Lib. mem. MGH Libri memoriales nova series IV: Der Memorial- und Liturgiecodex von San Brescia Salvatore / Santa Giulia in Brescia Lib. mem. Rem. MGH Libri memoriales I: Liber memorialis Romaricensis MGH Monumenta Germaniae Historica MGH SRG Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum separatim editi NCMH II R. McKitterick (ed.), New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. II, c.700-900 NCMH III T. Reuter (ed.), New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. III, c. 900-c.1024 PL Patrologia Latina R. Cluny Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny. References are to vol. 1 unless stated. UBSG Urkundenbuch der Abtei St. Gallen. Charters up to no. 382 are in vol. 1, up to 778 in vol. 2, references otherwise are to vol. 3. UBZ Urkundenbuch der Stadt und Landschaft Zürich, vol.
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