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Practicing Love of God in Medieval Jerusalem, Gaul and Saxony

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Practicing Love of God in Medieval Jerusalem, Gaul and Saxony he collection of essays presented in “Devotional Cross-Roads: Practicing Love of God in Medieval Gaul, Jerusalem, and Saxony” investigates test case witnesses of TChristian devotion and patronage from Late Antiquity to the Late Middle Ages, set in and between the Eastern and Western Mediterranean, as well as Gaul and the regions north of the Alps. Devotional practice and love of God refer to people – mostly from the lay and religious elite –, ideas, copies of texts, images, and material objects, such as relics and reliquaries. The wide geographic borders and time span are used here to illustrate a broad picture composed around questions of worship, identity, reli- gious affiliation and gender. Among the diversity of cases, the studies presented in this volume exemplify recurring themes, which occupied the Christian believer, such as the veneration of the Cross, translation of architecture, pilgrimage and patronage, emergence of iconography and devotional patterns. These essays are representing the research results of the project “Practicing Love of God: Comparing Women’s and Men’s Practice in Medieval Saxony” guided by the art historian Galit Noga-Banai, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and the histori- an Hedwig Röckelein, Georg-August-University Göttingen. This project was running from 2013 to 2018 within the Niedersachsen-Israeli Program and financed by the State of Lower Saxony. Devotional Cross-Roads Practicing Love of God in Medieval Jerusalem, Gaul and Saxony Edited by Hedwig Röckelein, Galit Noga-Banai, and Lotem Pinchover Röckelein/Noga-Banai/Pinchover Devotional Cross-Roads ISBN 978-3-86395-372-0 Universitätsverlag Göttingen Universitätsverlag Göttingen Hedwig Röckelein, Galit Noga-Banai, and Lotem Pinchover (Eds.) Devotional Cross-Roads This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Published by Göttingen University Press 2019 Devotional Cross-Roads: Practicing Love of God in Medieval Jerusalem, Gaul and Saxony Edited by Hedwig Röckelein, Galit Noga-Banai, and Lotem Pinchover Göttingen University Press 2019 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de The volume has been produced under the auspices of the research project “Practicing Love of God: Comparing Women’s and Men’s Practice in Medieval Saxony.” Research leading to these results has received funding by the “Niedersachsen-Israeli Programme” of the Federal State of Lower Saxony. The printing was supported by Georg August University of Göttingen Address of the Editor Prof. Dr. Hedwig Röckelein E-mail: [email protected] This work is protected by German Intellectual Property Right Law. It is also available as an Open Access version through the publisher’s homepage and the Göttingen University Catalogue (GUK) at the Göttingen State and University Library (https://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de). The license terms of the online version apply. Typesetting and layout: chair Prof. Röckelein Cover design: Jutta Pabst Cover picture: Braunschweig, Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum, inv. no. MA 168, Pectoral Cross, front, eleventh century (photo © Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum Braunschweig). © 2019 Göttingen University Press https://univerlag.uni-goettingen.de ISBN: 978-3-86395-372-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17875/gup2019-1164 Table of Contents Maps ................................................................. vii Preface ............................................................... ix HEDWIG RÖCKELEIN, GALIT NOGA-BANAI AND LOTEM PINCHOVER Introduction ............................... ........................... 1 I. THE VENERATION OF THE CROSS FROM LATE ANTIQUITY TO THE MIDDLE AGES IN GAUL AND JERUSALEM JUTTA DRESKEN-WEILAND The Cross, the Iconography of the Crucifixion and the Relics of the Holy Cross ........................................................... 11 SHIMRIT SHRIKI-HILBER The Tomb Aedicule of Narbonne and its Significance within the Theological Debates of Fifth Century Gaul ............................. 37 GALIT NOGA-BANAI Architectural Frames for Relics of the True Cross – Two Frankish Test Cases ............................................................ 63 ALEXANDER WINNEFELD Jonas of Orléans and the Veneration of the Holy Cross in the Carolingian Era ...................................................... 91 TIMO KIRSCHBERGER The Kingdom of the Cross – Veneration of the Holy Cross in the Crusader States .............................. ......................... 107 vi Devotional Cross-Roads II. PASSION, RELICS, PILGRIMAGE: RELIGIOUS PRACTICE AND PATRONAGE IN MEDIEVAL SAXONY MAI-BRITT WIECHMANN Witnesses of Passion in Cistercian Houses – The Veneration of Christ’s Relics in Walkenried, Mariengarten and Wienhausen ............ 125 HEDWIG RÖCKELEIN The Cult of the Invisible – Relics in the Cistercian Houses Loccum and Wienhausen ...................................................... 161 LOTEM PINCHOVER Re-living Resurrection in Medieval Saxony – The Development of New Imagery of the Resurrected Christ ................................ 211 KATHARINA KNESIA The Endowment and Patronage of the Cistercian Houses of Marienfeld and Saint Aegidii in Münster ........................................... 249 ROBIN VOLKMAR The Aflat to Iherusalem – Spiritual Pilgrimage to Palestine’s Holy Sites in the Augustinian Canonesses’ House of Heiningen . ................... 275 Photo credits ......................................................... 305 Index of Names and Places ............................................ 307 Maps Early Medieval Gaul (map © Hedwig Röckelein). viii Maps Preface This collective book presents the results of the project “Practicing Love of God: Comparing Women’s and Men’s Practice in Medieval Saxony” running from 2013 to 2018 within the Niedersachsen-Israeli Program, financed by the State of Lower Saxony. The strongly interdisciplinary and international project was guided by the art historian Galit Noga-Banai, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and the his- torian Hedwig Röckelein, Georg-August-University Göttingen. As undergraduates, graduates and PhD students from both universities Annika Hilleke, Timo Kirschberger, Katharina Knesia, Lotem Pinchover, Robin Volkmar, Mai-Britt Wiechmann, and Alexander Winnefeld were integrated in the project. The research group made several discoveries during the funding period, among these, some distinctive primary visual and textual sources were studied under the auspices of the project for the first time. Most of the students submitted their B.A., M.A. and doctoral theses within the period of our collaboration. The results of their theses are documented in this book. Earlier versions of all papers were discussed at work- shops in Jerusalem (2013 & 2014), Wienhausen (2013), and Bad Gandersheim (2014). We are lucky to gain additional papers by Jutta Dresken-Weiland (Depart- ment of Art History, University of Göttingen), and by Shimrit Shriki-Hilber (DAAD Centre for German Studies at the Hebrew University). We are tremendously grateful to the Volkswagen Foundation for financial support during the years 2013-2018 for our project “Practicing Love of God: Comparing Women’s and Men’s Practice in Medieval Saxony”. We also thank the Foundation for the possibility to present our project within the Conference on Scientific Cooperation between Lower Saxony and Israel in March 2015 at Hanno- ver-Herrenhausen. We would like to thank the institutions in Lower Saxony and Israel that housed us during our excursions and workshops: Mandel Scholion Interdisciplinary research center in the Humanities and Jewish Studies at The He- brew University of Jerusalem, Göttingen University, the convent of Wienhausen, and the Portal zur Geschichte e.V. Bad Gandersheim. We owe our thanks to all x Preface institutions who allowed generously access to their Church Treasures, Archives and rare book collections, and who provided us with precious medieval objects: Hildesheim Cathedral Museum, Herzog-Anton-Ulrich museum in Braunschweig, the Church Treasure of Essen, Landesmuseum Hannover (especially Curator Dr Antje-Fee Köllermann), Kestner-Museum Hannover (with special thanks to Dr Thorsten Henke), Klosterkammer Hannover (with special thanks to Curator Ms. Corinna Lohse), textiles-restoration workshop in the convent of Lüne (with special thanks to restorers Ms. Tanja Weißgraf and Ms. Wiebke Haase), Archive of the Lüneburg Cloisters (with special thanks to Archivist Mr. Wolfgang Brandis), Landesarchiv Nordrhein-Westfalen Abteilung Westfalen (Münster), Landesarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt (LASA) in Magdeburg, Herzog-August-Bibliothek (HAB) Wolfen- büttel. Special thanks to the still existing protestant women chapters in Lower Saxony for their warm welcome and helpful support: the convents of Fischbeck (with special thanks to the former Abbess Uda von der Nahmer and Ms. Martina Thurman), Marienberg (near Helmstedt), Loccum (especially to abbot Hirschler), Lüne (Lüneburg, with special thanks to Abbess Reinhild Freifrau von der Goltz and Ms. Christina Zimmer), Wienhausen (especially to Abbess Renate von Ran- dow and Prioress Brigitte Brockmann), the former convent church of Diesdorf (with special thanks to architecture historian Mr. Tilo Schöfbeck and Pastor Ulrich Storck); Lüneburg Museum (especially Curator Dr. Ulfert Tschirner), and Ma- riengarten. We very much profited from the discussions with our colleagues, who joined
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