DOCSLIB.ORG

CEU Department of Medieval Studies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CEU Department of Medieval Studies ANNUAL OF MEDIEVAL STUDIES AT CEU VOL. 17 2011 Edited by Alice M. Choyke and Daniel Ziemann Central European University Budapest Department of Medieval Studies All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the permission of the publisher. Editorial Board Niels Gaul, Gerhard Jaritz, György Geréby, Gábor Klaniczay, József Laszlovszky, Marianne Sághy, Katalin Szende Editors Alice M. Choyke and Daniel Ziemann Technical Advisor Annabella Pál Cover Illustration Beltbuckle from Kígyóspuszta (with kind permission of the Hungarian National Museum, Budapest) Department of Medieval Studies Central European University H-1051 Budapest, Nádor u. 9., Hungary Postal address: H-1245 Budapest 5, P.O. Box 1082 E-mail: [email protected] Net: http://medievalstudies.ceu.hu Copies can be ordered at the Department, and from the CEU Press http://www.ceupress.com/order.html ISSN 1219-0616 Non-discrimination policy: CEU does not discriminate on the basis of—including, but not limited to—race, color, national or ethnic origin, religion, gender or sexual orientation in administering its educational policies, admissions policies, scholarship and loan programs, and athletic and other school-administered programs. © Central European University Produced by Archaeolingua Foundation & Publishing House TABLE OF CONTENTS Editors’ Preface ............................................................................................................ 5 I. ARTICLES AND STUDIES ........................................................... 7 Tatiana Krapivina The Role of Dialectic in the Ninth-Century Predestination Polemics: Between Doctrina Mundana and Doctrina Coelestis .................................. 9 Zita V. Tóth Scientifi c Method in John Buridan ................................................................... 23 András Vadas Late Medieval Environmental Changes on the Southern Great Hungarian Plain – A Case Study ............................................................................................. 41 Jeremy Mikecz The Place that Lies Between: Slavonia in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries .... 61 Teodora Artimon A New Approach to the Moldavian Exterior Wall Painting Using Visual Rhetoric .............................................................................................. 81 Vedran Bileta At the Crossroads of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages – The Rise and Fall of the Military Elite of Byzantine Histria ...................... 100 Ethnicity – A Disputed Concept in History and Archaeology .. 123 Daniel Ziemann The Problem of “Ethnicity” – An Introduction ........................................... 125 Dóra Mérai Digging for Ethnicity - Perspectives in Archaeological Research ...................... 140 Kyra Lyublyanovics The Cumans in Medieval Hungary and the Question of Ethnicity ................ 153 Irene Barbiera Warlike Masculinity and the Image of Roman and Early Medieval Warriors from Unità d’Italia to Fascism .............................. 170 Alena Kliuchnik Ethnogenesis Theories Concerning the Belorussians ........................................ 191 Lived Space in Past and Present: Challenges in the Research and Management of Townscape and Cultural Heritage .................... 199 Katalin Szende Lived Space in Past and Present: Course Report and Sample Studies ............ 201 Anngret Simms Diverse Approaches to the Study of Urban Landscapes in Anglo-American Geography (with Particular Emphasis on Urban Morphology) ...................... 204 Thomas Stiglbrunner Communication in Fourteenth-Century Novgorod .......................................... 218 Ágnes Flóra Between Sacred and Profane. Council Election in the Lived Space of the Medieval and Early Modern Town of Cluj ............................................. 231 II. REPORT OF THE YEAR ......................................................... 245 György Geréby Report of the Year ........................................................................................ 247 Abstract of MA Thesis Defended in 2010 ................................................ 251 PhD Defenses during the Academic Year 2009–2010 ............................. 258 Anna Somfai Visual Thinking and Diagrammatic Images in Medieval Manuscripts. Research Project (2009–2012) ................................. 292 József Laszlovszky & Hedwig Röckelein Medieval Monastic Regions in Central Europe – The Spiritual and Physical Landscape Setting of Monastic Orders and Religious Houses ......................................................... 296 EDITORS’ PREFACE Lectori salutem! th We are happy to present the 17 volume of our Annual of Medieval Studies at CEU. In it you will fi nd some of the main research results from the 2009–2010 academic year. As usual, the fi rst section contains articles based on the most innovative MA theses of 2010 as well as other papers presented by some of our students at conferences. As befi ts the multi-disciplinary nature of our department, the topics covered in these student papers are wide-ranging, refl ecting the main intellectual strands within the department itself. The fi rst paper deals with early medieval dialectics in Frankish ecclesiastical texts. The second paper concerns aspects of the foundation of physics in medieval philosophical thought, followed by an assessment of the degree of climatic deterioration in the Hungarian Kingdom in the fourteenth century, mostly using charter texts as a primary source material. A medieval borderland is the central point of the next paper, followed by observations concerning the use of wall-paintings on exterior church walls as political propaganda in late medieval Moldavia. The fi nal contribution to this fi rst part contains an examination of military elites in Byzantine Histria. This year we are proud to present two interesting thematic blocks. The fi rst one is dedicated to the question of ethnicity and ethnogenesis, a topic that has been in the focus of historical research for some decades now. Most of the articles are based on discussions in a PhD seminar in the 2009 Fall Term. Participants in the seminar reviewed state of the art research questions related to the notion of ethnicity in history and archaeology and discussed the outcomes and consequences for future research. Special focus was placed on various models of ethnicity, for instance the ones developed in the so-called Vienna and Toronto Schools. Interestingly, the debate surrounding this topic was sparked off a few years ago in a study of the Goths and their “ethnogenesis”. The debate not only revealed the different approaches to the topic or a certain diversity of opinions but ignited a debate on what constituted the basis of historical research. The question at stake is about nothing less than the limits of historical methodology. How much do the sources tell us about past societies and how much does the form of our interpretation tell us about our own academic or political environment? Given the history of our own discipline we need to be constantly aware of the limits in our capacity to understand past societies. Talking about ethnicity always implies adoption of our own concepts of society transplanted onto past societies that had a different perception of social reality. Nevertheless, recent discussions have produced 5 interesting studies concerning various concepts of ethnicity using examples from Antiquity until the present. Though the seminar focused mainly on the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages, the issue of ethnic interpretation is relevant for later periods as well. The articles in the present volume demonstrate how recent discussions can infl uence different areas and research fi elds. The second thematic block originates from a CEU Summer University course “Lived Space in Past and Present: Challenges in the Research and Management of Townscape and Cultural Heritage” held at the Department of Medieval Studies in June 2010. The course was organized by Katalin Szende (CEU) as course director with the participation of many well-known specialists in this fi eld as guest faculty, such as Sarah Rees Jones, Peter Johanek, Rossina Kostova, Anngret Simms, Gábor Gyáni, and József Laszlovszky. The course aimed to follow up on recent trends in historical, archaeological, geographical, architectural and environmental studies dedicated to the exploration of the urban fabric. The participants also discussed the consequences of these research trends, focusing on questions like how the elements of present townscapes reveal the development of past periods and what needs to be done to preserve their values. Within the broad fi eld of cultural heritage, the role of the historian analyzing the built and natural environment of a place had to be reconsidered as well. The course revealed fruitful and interesting outcomes, some of which can be followed in four articles of the present volume written by Anngret Simms, Thomas Stiglbrunner, Ágnes Flóra, and Katalin Szende. Part II of the Annual follows the practice of previous volumes. Thus the Head’s Report gives a summary of the main events of the Academic Year 2009– 2010. Abstracts of the MA theses and the PhD dissertations for that year provide additional insight into the work of our new graduates. At the end of the volume Anna Somfai presents her research project on visual thinking and diagrammatic images in medieval manuscript research. József Laszlovszky concludes the present volume with a report on a joint project between
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 the History of Vacuum Science and Vacuum Technology
    1 1 The History of Vacuum Science and Vacuum Technology The Greek philosopher Democritus (circa 460 to 375 B.C.), Fig. 1.1, assumed that the world would be made up of many small and undividable particles that he called atoms (atomos, Greek: undividable). In between the atoms, Democritus presumed empty space (a kind of micro-vacuum) through which the atoms moved according to the general laws of mechanics. Variations in shape, orientation, and arrangement of the atoms would cause variations of macroscopic objects. Acknowledging this philosophy, Democritus,together with his teacher Leucippus, may be considered as the inventors of the concept of vacuum. For them, the empty space was the precondition for the variety of our world, since it allowed the atoms to move about and arrange themselves freely. Our modern view of physics corresponds very closely to this idea of Democritus. However, his philosophy did not dominate the way of thinking until the 16th century. It was Aristotle’s (384 to 322 B.C.) philosophy, which prevailed throughout theMiddleAgesanduntilthebeginning of modern times. In his book Physica [1], around 330 B.C., Aristotle denied the existence of an empty space. Where there is nothing, space could not be defined. For this reason no vacuum (Latin: empty space, emptiness) could exist in nature. According to his philosophy, nature consisted of water, earth, air, and fire. The lightest of these four elements, fire, is directed upwards, the heaviest, earth, downwards. Additionally, nature would forbid vacuum since neither up nor down could be defined within it. Around 1300, the medieval scholastics began to speak of a horror vacui, meaning nature’s fear of vacuum.
    [Show full text]
  • A Pope of Their Own
    Magnus Lundberg A Pope of their Own El Palmar de Troya and the Palmarian Church UPPSALA STUDIES IN CHURCH HISTORY 1 About the series Uppsala Studies in Church History is a series that is published in the Department of Theology, Uppsala University. The series includes works in both English and Swedish. The volumes are available open-access and only published in digital form. For a list of available titles, see end of the book. About the author Magnus Lundberg is Professor of Church and Mission Studies and Acting Professor of Church History at Uppsala University. He specializes in early modern and modern church and mission history with focus on colonial Latin America. Among his monographs are Mission and Ecstasy: Contemplative Women and Salvation in Colonial Spanish America and the Philippines (2015) and Church Life between the Metropolitan and the Local: Parishes, Parishioners and Parish Priests in Seventeenth-Century Mexico (2011). Personal web site: www.magnuslundberg.net Uppsala Studies in Church History 1 Magnus Lundberg A Pope of their Own El Palmar de Troya and the Palmarian Church Lundberg, Magnus. A Pope of Their Own: Palmar de Troya and the Palmarian Church. Uppsala Studies in Church History 1.Uppsala: Uppsala University, Department of Theology, 2017. ISBN 978-91-984129-0-1 Editor’s address: Uppsala University, Department of Theology, Church History, Box 511, SE-751 20 UPPSALA, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected]. Contents Preface 1 1. Introduction 11 The Religio-Political Context 12 Early Apparitions at El Palmar de Troya 15 Clemente Domínguez and Manuel Alonso 19 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Literacy and Census: E Case of Banat Bulgarians, 1890–1910
    144 P P Literacy and Census: e Case of Banat Bulgarians, 1890–1910 Literacy is a dynamic category that changes over time. e understanding of writing has gradually been expanding while its public signi cance has been increasing. e transition to widespread literacy was performed from the 17 th to the 19 th centuries and was connected with the rise of the bourgeoisie, with the development of services and technology that generated economic demand for literate workers. is transition was a slow and gradual process and deve- loped at di erent rates in di erent geographical regions, but from a global point of view it was marked by unprecedented social transformation: while in the mid-19 th century only 10% of the adult population of the world could read and write, in the 21 st century – despite the ve-fold increase in population – 80% have basic literacy. 1 In recent decades this transformation has caused a considerable research interest in the history of literacy and the process of over- coming illiteracy. On the Subject of Research Herein, with respect to the spread of literacy in Austria–Hungary are studied the Banat Bulgarians, who are Western Rite Catholics. In 1890 they numbered 14 801 people. At that time the Banat Bulgarians had already been seled in the Habsburg Empire for a century and a half. ey were refugees from the district of Chiprovtsi town (Northwestern Bulgaria) who had le Bulgarian lands aer the unsuccessful anti-Ooman uprising of 1688. Passing through Wallachia and Southwest Transylvania (the laer under Austrian rule) in the 1 Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2006.
    [Show full text]
  • Companion to "Physics of Gases and Phenomena of Heat"
    A Companion to „Physics of gases and the phenomena of heat” Slides 2–13 - discovery of the atmospheric pressure. In 1644 the Italian mathematician Evangelista Torricelli, who was a student of Galileo, performed his famous experiment with a tube filled with mercury (called quicksilver at that time). However, he described it only in a private letter to his friend Michelangelo Ricci. Because of that information of Torricelli’s results was very slowly disseminated throughout Europe. In July 1647 similar experiment was performed independently in Warsaw by Valeriano Magni, an Italian monk and scholar who was in the service of the king of Poland. The small brochure with the description of the experiment which Magni published in Warsaw in September of the same year was the first publication on the subject (see Slide 3, lower left picture). Torricelli suspected that the weight of the mercury column in his tube was balanced by the pressure of air in our atmosphere. However, a convincing experimental proof of that hypothesis was needed. French scholar Blaise Pascal planned the experiment (Slides 5-6), which was performed by his brother-in-law Florin Périer (Slides 7-11). One must admire care with which Périer did his task: he prepared two identical tubes with mercury, left one set in the town, and took the second set to performe multiple measurements during climbing the mountain Puy-de-Dôme near Clermont. One must also admire the excitation of experimenters when they had seen changes of the height of mercury column with the elevation. Having learned from Périer about the extent of the effect Pascal was able to repeat it in Paris.
    [Show full text]
  • Administrative-Territorial Laic Institutions in 12Th Century Medieval Transylvanian Documents
    Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov – Special Issue Series VII: Social Sciences • Law • Vol. 10 (59) No. 1 - 2017 ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL LAIC INSTITUTIONS IN 12TH CENTURY MEDIEVAL TRANSYLVANIAN DOCUMENTS Alexandru CIOLTEI1 Abstract: The realm of Hungary has known a territorial expansion during the 12th century, which meant that Transylvania was also included on this particular expansion route. It was gradually included within the realm, on two axes: north-west and south-east. After the conquering stage, the organizational one followed. It was during this latter period, that the practice of institutional- administrative writing was growing roots on a European level. The Hungarian royal authority fully understood the importance and necessity of implementing this practice. The present paper is an attempt to analyze 12th century medieval documents which make reference to the particular administrative-territorial institutions that were developed in Transylvania and to the personalities that occupied positions within these institutions. Key words: county, medieval Transylvania, 12th century, medieval documents. 1. Introduction The occupation of Transylvania by the Hungarian royal authority is seen as the first phase within the process of enclosing this territory within the realm of Hungary. The next stage meant introducing a new administrative-territorial structure. The Hungarian administrative apparatus had to make use of the already existing and functioning administrative units in Transylvania during the 11th century. The transition from the existing system to the entailed one took place during the 12th century. It was at that point, that the royal authority started to favour the European medieval pattern for regional administrative-territorial units. 2. Administrative-Territorial Laic Structures At the start of the 11th century, an important part of Transylvania entered under the authority of the Hungarian kingdom.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to the Principles of Vacuum Physics
    1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PRINCIPLES OF VACUUM PHYSICS Niels Marquardt Institute for Accelerator Physics and Synchrotron Radiation, University of Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany Abstract Vacuum physics is the necessary condition for scientific research and modern high technology. In this introduction to the physics and technology of vacuum the basic concepts of a gas composed of atoms and molecules are presented. These gas particles are contained in a partially empty volume forming the vacuum. The fundamentals of vacuum, molecular density, pressure, velocity distribution, mean free path, particle velocity, conductivity, temperature and gas flow are discussed. 1. INTRODUCTION — DEFINITION, HISTORY AND APPLICATIONS OF VACUUM The word "vacuum" comes from the Latin "vacua", which means "empty". However, there does not exist a totally empty space in nature, there is no "ideal vacuum". Vacuum is only a partially empty space, where some of the air and other gases have been removed from a gas containing volume ("gas" comes from the Greek word "chaos" = infinite, empty space). In other words, vacuum means any volume containing less gas particles, atoms and molecules (a lower particle density and gas pressure), than there are in the surrounding outside atmosphere. Accordingly, vacuum is the gaseous environment at pressures below atmosphere. Since the times of the famous Greek philosophers, Demokritos (460-370 B.C.) and his teacher Leukippos (5th century B.C.), one is discussing the concept of vacuum and is speculating whether there might exist an absolutely empty space, in contrast to the matter of countless numbers of indivisible atoms forming the universe. It was Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), who claimed that nature is afraid of total emptiness and that there is an insurmountable "horror vacui".
    [Show full text]
  • Christian Allies of the Ottoman Empire by Emrah Safa Gürkan
    Christian Allies of the Ottoman Empire by Emrah Safa Gürkan The relationship between the Ottomans and the Christians did not evolve around continuous hostility and conflict, as is generally assumed. The Ottomans employed Christians extensively, used Western know-how and technology, and en- couraged European merchants to trade in the Levant. On the state level, too, what dictated international diplomacy was not the religious factors, but rather rational strategies that were the results of carefully calculated priorities, for in- stance, several alliances between the Ottomans and the Christian states. All this cooperation blurred the cultural bound- aries and facilitated the flow of people, ideas, technologies and goods from one civilization to another. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Christians in the Service of the Ottomans 3. Ottoman Alliances with the Christian States 4. Conclusion 5. Appendix 1. Sources 2. Bibliography 3. Notes Citation Introduction Cooperation between the Ottomans and various Christian groups and individuals started as early as the beginning of the 14th century, when the Ottoman state itself emerged. The Ottomans, although a Muslim polity, did not hesitate to cooperate with Christians for practical reasons. Nevertheless, the misreading of the Ghaza (Holy War) literature1 and the consequent romanticization of the Ottomans' struggle in carrying the banner of Islam conceal the true nature of rela- tions between Muslims and Christians. Rather than an inevitable conflict, what prevailed was cooperation in which cul- tural, ethnic, and religious boundaries seemed to disappear. Ÿ1 The Ottomans came into contact and allied themselves with Christians on two levels. Firstly, Christian allies of the Ot- tomans were individuals; the Ottomans employed a number of Christians in their service, mostly, but not always, after they had converted.
    [Show full text]
  • A Useful Method for Sex Determination in an Archaeological Skeletal Population?
    Journal of Archaeological Science 34 (2007) 905e913 http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jas Odontometrics: a useful method for sex determination in an archaeological skeletal population? Marin Vodanovic´ a,*,Zˇ eljko Demo b, Vera Njemirovskij a, Jadranka Keros a, Hrvoje Brkic´ a a School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Department of Dental Anthropology, Gundulic´eva 5, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia b Museum of Archaeology, Trg Nikole Sˇubic´a Zrinskog 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia Received 10 April 2006; received in revised form 2 August 2006; accepted 1 September 2006 Abstract Determining sex is one of the most important steps in the procedure of identification of the unknown person. Teeth are a potential source of information on sex. The research is performed on the total of 86 skulls excavated in the late 19th and early 20th century from the mediaeval cemetery (10th and 11th century) at the archaeological site of Bijelo Brdo near Osijek. The material is stored in the Museum of Archaeology in Zagreb. Sex is determined on the basis of 20 osseal craniofacial, as well as odontometric features. Sexual dimorphism of the odontometric features is tested by the Students’ t-test method. Determining sex on the basis of craniofacial features is possible in 55.8% of the cases. Combining the craniofacial and odontometric features it is possible to determine sex in 86% of the cases. In cases where ante-mortem data on sex are not available it is best to combine a number of different methods in order to raise the level of confidence and the level of success in sex determination.
    [Show full text]
  • Craniometric Variation Among Medieval Croatian Populations
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 8-2002 Craniometric Variation Among Medieval Croatian Populations Derinna Vivian Kopp University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Kopp, Derinna Vivian, "Craniometric Variation Among Medieval Croatian Populations. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2002. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2083 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Derinna Vivian Kopp entitled "Craniometric Variation Among Medieval Croatian Populations." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology. Richard L. Jantz, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Lyle W. Konigsberg, Lee Meadows Jantz Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Derinna Kopp entitled "Craniometric Variation Among Medieval Croatian Populations." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology.
    [Show full text]
  • Europa Regina. 16Th Century Maps of Europe in the Form of a Queen Europa Regina
    Belgeo Revue belge de géographie 3-4 | 2008 Formatting Europe – Mapping a Continent Europa Regina. 16th century maps of Europe in the form of a queen Europa Regina. Cartes d’Europe du XVIe siècle en forme de reine Peter Meurer Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/belgeo/7711 DOI: 10.4000/belgeo.7711 ISSN: 2294-9135 Publisher: National Committee of Geography of Belgium, Société Royale Belge de Géographie Printed version Date of publication: 31 December 2008 Number of pages: 355-370 ISSN: 1377-2368 Electronic reference Peter Meurer, “Europa Regina. 16th century maps of Europe in the form of a queen”, Belgeo [Online], 3-4 | 2008, Online since 22 May 2013, connection on 05 February 2021. URL: http:// journals.openedition.org/belgeo/7711 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.7711 This text was automatically generated on 5 February 2021. Belgeo est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. Europa Regina. 16th century maps of Europe in the form of a queen 1 Europa Regina. 16th century maps of Europe in the form of a queen Europa Regina. Cartes d’Europe du XVIe siècle en forme de reine Peter Meurer 1 The most common version of the antique myth around the female figure Europa is that which is told in book II of the Metamorphoses (“Transformations”, written around 8 BC) by the Roman poet Ovid : Europa was a Phoenician princess who was abducted by the enamoured Zeus in the form of a white bull and carried away to Crete, where she became the first queen of that island and the mother of the legendary king Minos.
    [Show full text]
  • “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Section 4: Scientific Study
    American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Section 4: Scientifi c Study Graphic Proofs Submittal 09.05.12 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Elevation Not to Scale Final Size: Size: Final Description:SectionGraphic 4:Scientifi Exhibit Traveling theBlind – Housefor Printing 11-261 American 35.4375” x78” 35.4375” Scientifi c Study Study c Much of Helen Keller’s initial science education Boston, where blind students used the most was experiential. In Tuscumbia, she explored modern scientifi c teaching tools. She explored the natural world by touch, with her teacher stuffed animals, seashells, and models of encouraging her curiosity. The garden, a fl owers and plants. She also learned by fi shbowl fi lled with tadpoles, and a table using a popular series of tactile pictures of of seashells were her laboratory. animals and plants created by Martin Kunz In October 1889, Helen sat in on classes in (1847-1923), director of a school for the blind zoology and botany at the Perkins School in in Illzach, Germany. “We chase butterfl ies, and sometimes we catch one. Then we sit down under a tree, or in the shade of a bush, and talk about it. Afterwards, if it has survived the lesson, we let it go; but usually its life and beauty are sacrifi ced on the altar of learning.” — Anne Sullivan, 1887 FPO Photo courtesy New England Historic Genealogical Society Revised Scienti — 09-05-12 11-261 Schultz ExhibitConcept “Child inaStrange Country” Traveling American PrintingHousefortheBlind fi c Study Graphic Proof Package 03 c Study GraphicProof SC.01 – Intro Final Size: Size: Final Description:SectionGraphic 4:Scientifi Exhibit Traveling theBlind – Housefor Printing 11-261 American 35.4375” x78” 35.4375” Exploring the Natural World c Study c Whenever possible, science teachers introduced their students who were blind to natural specimens they could explore by touch.
    [Show full text]
  • Chronicle of Cruelties
    CHRONICLE OF CRUELTIES ROMANIAN MISTREATMENT OF THE HUNGARIAN MINORITY IN TRANSYLVANIA by Dr. Arpad Kosztin Translated from the Hungarian by Eva Barcza Bessenyey UNEDITED PREPUBLISHING VERSION FOR HOMEPAGE ONLY ORIGINAL TITLE: MAGYARELLENES ROMÁN KEGYETLENKEDÉSEK ERDÉLYBEN ISBN 963 8363 72 X A Publication of the BIRO FAMILY BUDAPEST PLEASE NOTE: THE PAGE NUMBERS WILL BE DIFFERENT IN THE FORTHCOMMING BOOK 2 CONTENTS Contents 3 Ferenc Bartis: About the author 4 Preface 6 I. Introduction 10 II Romanian Atrocities before Horea-Closca 18 III The peasant revolt of Horea-Closca-Crisan 24 IV The freedom fight of 1848-49 32 V Romanian atrocities before and after WW I 43 VI Romanian atrocities during and after WW II-1956 74 VII During and after the 1956 Revolution 109 VIII Countermeasures after 1956 118 IX Romanian atrocities after 1989 133 Epilogue 147 Bibliography 149 Notes 167 3 The accuser shows mercy As strange as it may seem, the author of this indispensable and inevitable book, dr. Arpad Kosztin, does show mercy: he does not accuse, does not point a finger but gives us a work of factual history. And this is important for this painful objectivity gives the measure of the work's credibility. Our author does not have to be introduced to our readers for everyone knows his book on the debunking of the Daco-Roman theory (entitled the Daco-Roman Legend, it was published in English in 1997 by Matthias Corvinus Publishing, in the USA and Canada); on Romania's expansion into Transylvania; as well as his numerours lively and outspoken but profound essays and articles in the daily press.
    [Show full text]