DOCSLIB.ORG

The Reign of Charles III the Fat (876-888)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ The reign of Charles III the Fat (876-888) Maclean, Simon The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 11. Oct. 2021 THE REIGN OF CHARLES III THE FAT (876-888) Simon MacLean King's College London Submitted for the degree of PhD, March 2000 2 ABSTRACT The subject of this thesis is the reign of the last Carolingian emperor, Charles the Fat. Because the reign ended in disaster, with the deposition of the emperor and the breakup of the empire, historians have generally been content to write Charles off as a failure, and to interpret his reign as conclusive proof that Carolingian power was in terminal decline during the second half of the ninth century. The thesis challenges this conventional wisdom on two grounds. Firstly, it is conceptually questionable, being largely based on the modern teleological assumptions that the emergence of France and Germany and the development of 'feudalism' were inevitable features of the tenth century, and hence were necessarily preceded by a decline of imperial authority in the ninth. Secondly, it is methodologically unsatisfactory, for, on the one hand, it employs a 'cut and paste' approach to the sources in which pieces of evidence are selected to fit the traditional model without due attention to the distinct aims of the authors of each text, and, on the other, it neglects the evidence of charters which allow different perspectives to those of authorial constructs. The thesis argues for an alternative interpretation, considering the reign on its own terms rather than as the final chapter in a grand narrative of decline and fall. The methodology is to approach the contours and chronology of contemporary politics through a reassessment of the sources, principally the different versions of the chronicle known as the Annals of Fulda, the more elaborate literary works of Abbo of St-Germain and Notker the Stammerer, and the plentiful and underused charters. The conclusions are that many of these texts must be read in a very short-term perspective, relating to developments in Charles's reign rather than to the overall course of Carolingian history; that historians have been too pessimistic about the vitality of Carolingian politics in the late ninth century; and, moreover, that many of the trends thought of as symptomatic of this period, such as the rise of aristocratic power, were in fact ever-present features of the early medieval world, whose greater visibility in the late ninth century was not a cause but a consequence of the fragmentation of the empire. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements 5 Preface 7 Abbreviations 8 Maps and figures 10 Map 1: The late Carolingian Empire 10 Map 2: Carolingian divisiones 11 Map 3: The Seine-Oise region 12 Map 4: Carinthia and Pannonia 13 Map 5: Fiscal rights granted to Otting in D CIII 128 14 Map 6: Liutward's Italian interventions 15 Map 7: Alemannia 16 Map 8: Richgard's monastic empire 17 Figure 1: The Carolingian family 18 Figure 2: The Ludwigspsalter's ruler-portrait 19 1. Introduction 20 1.1: Themes and approaches 20 1.2: Early life, 839-76 23 2. Charles the Fat and the Annales Fuldenses, 882-7 33 2.1: A failed king 33 2.2: The Annales Fuldenses 34 2.2.1: Charles and Liutward 38 2.2.2: The siege of Asselt 41 2.2.3: Activity and inactivity 48 2.3: Conclusion 51 3. Carolingian Family Politics and the Revolt of Boso of Vienne, 879-84 55 3.1: The Carolingian family 55 3.2: The significance of Boso 57 3.3: An overlooked succession plan of 880 60 3.4: An overlooked division plan of 880 68 3.5: Conclusion: The Carolingian response 73 4. Emperor, Empire and Aristocracy 78 4.1: Kings and aristocrats 78 4.2: Odo of Paris and the control of Neustria 81 4.2.1: The 'rise of Odo' 81 4.2.2: The evidence of Abbo of St-Germain-des-Prés 86 4.2.3: The charter evidence 89 4.3: The aristocracy and the empire 91 5. Charles the Fat and the West Frankish Kingdom, 885-8 106 5.1: 'A forgotten king' 106 5.2: The succession of 885 108 5.3: Charles's west Frankish supporters 115 5.3.1: Theoderic of Vermandois, Gauzlin of St-Denis, Hugh the Abbot and Aletramnus of Beauvais 118 5.3.2: Askericus of Paris 127 5.3.3: Geilo of Langres 128 5.3.4: Odo of Paris 134 4 6. The Politics of Succession and the Deposition of Charles the Fat, 885-7 143 Verfassungsgeschichte, unity theory and the 6.1: Three explanations: 143 emperor's illness 150 6.2: The attempted legitimation of Bernard, August-October 885 6.3: The position of Arnuif, 876-85 154 6.4: The problem of Charles the Fat's consecration and the revolt 165 of Hugh, September 885 6.5: Bernard and Louis of Provence, April-June 887 181 6.6: The Empress Richgard, Liutward of Vercelli and the 189 governance of the empire 189 6.6.1: The royal divorce 197 6.6.2: The career of Liutward 205 6.6.3: Richgard and Liutward 206 6.6.4: Alemannia: the emperor's kingdom The 'monastic empire' of the Empress Richgard 212 6.6.5: 6.6.6: Conclusion 221 6.7: The deposition of Charles the Fat, November 887 223 Charles the Fat and Notker the Stammerer 231 7. 231 7.1: Introduction Gesta Karoli 233 7.2: The date of the 237 7.3: Notker's bishops Gesta Karoli 246 7.4: Contemporary references in the 252 7.5: Notker and the imperial succession 7.6: Charles the Fat and Charles the Great 257 7.7: Conclusion 262 8. Conclusion: The significance of the year 888 266 Bibliography 276 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was made possible by the grant of a Major Scottish Studentship from the Student Awards Agency for Scotland. It was completed with the help of a Scouloudi History Research Fellowship at the Institute of Historical Research. I have incurred many debts during the course of my research, to which these acknowledgements can hardly hope do justice. In the first place I must thank my supervisor Jinty Nelson for her advice and constant encouragement. Her comments on my work and her generosity with ideas have made this thesis immeasurably better than it would otherwise have been. I also thank Stuart Airlie, not only for initially inspiring my interest in the early middle ages and suggesting Charles the Fat as a suitable subject for research, but for allowing me access to his unpublished work and commenting to my profit on sections of the thesis. Matthew limes was kind enough to read the whole text in draft, and I have benefited greatly from his advice; he also helpfiully gave me copies of work in advance of publication. David Ganz, Paul Kershaw and Geoff West all read parts of the thesis, and I thank them for their perceptive comments, which forced me to think harder about my interpretations. I have profited from conversations with many others at the Institute of Historical Research and elsewhere: in particular, I should like to thank Guy Halsall and Alan Thacker for their help and encouragement. For opportunities to present my research at seminars and conferences, I am grateful to David Bates, David Ditchbum, Elina Screen and Andrew Wareham. I also thank my friends, including those named above, for moral support and provision of perspective. In particular, Anne Jenkins, John Kyle and Stephen Marritt listened patiently to more of my whingeing than anyone should reasonably be subjected to, while the players and touring squad of Eskbank Thistle F.C. have been a constant inspiration: propugnatores to a man. Robin Kilpatrick was of great assistance, notably in rescuing me from various self-inflicted computer and bibliographic crises. Special thanks go to Claire Jones for her support and practical help which have made the completion of this thesis a much less traumatic experience than it would otherwise have been. 6 Last, but by no means least, I thank my family, especially my parents. They have given me much more than I have ever thanked them for, and without their support and generosity I would never have made it this far. 7 PREFACE Following conventional practice, I have Anglicised and modernised names of people and places wherever possible.
Recommended publications
  • Review Volume 11 (2011) Page 1

    Review Volume 11 (2011) Page 1

    H-France Review Volume 11 (2011) Page 1 H-France Review Vol. 11 (January 2011), No. 31 Karl Heidecker, The Divorce of Lothar II: Christian Marriage and Political Power in the Carolingian World, translated from the Dutch by Tanis M. Guest. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2010. x + 226 pp. Map, genealogical tables, bibliography, and index. $45.00 U.S. (cl.) ISBN 978- 0-8014-3929-2 Review by Sam Collins, George Mason University. Lothar II’s protracted attempt to divorce his wife Theutberga caused a European-wide scandal from 857 to his death in 869, and it is a scandal with an impressively large and detailed source base. In annals, conciliar acta, papal letters, charters, and, most importantly, an extensive tract devoted to the issue by Hincmar of Rheims, the story unfolds in frequently sordid detail. Lothar married Theutberga, a member of a prominent noble family, the so-called ‘Bosonids,’ in 855 for political advantage. What advantage this marriage offered the king seems soon to have departed, a process no doubt accelerated by Theutberga’s childlessness, and by 857 Lothar attempted a divorce from her and a return to his former partner (and possibly first wife), Waldrada, with whom he had a son. The grounds for the divorce were charges of the worst kind leveled at Theutberga: incest, sodomy, an abortion. Theutberga protested her innocence and either she or a proxy proved it through an ordeal of hot water in 858. Lothar, however, persisted, and in a trial at Aachen in 860 coerced Theutberga into a (false, or so many said) confession of her guilt.
  • Download Download

    Download Download

    Of Palaces, Hunts, and Pork Roast: Deciphering the Last Chapters of the Capitulary of Quierzy (a. 877) Martin Gravel Politics depends on personal contacts.1 This is true in today’s world, and it was certainly true in early medieval states. Even in the Carolingian empire, the larg- est Western polity of the period, power depended on relations built on personal contacts.2 In an effort to nurture such necessary relationships, the sovereign moved with his court, within a network of important political “communication centres”;3 in the ninth century, the foremost among these were his palaces, along with certain cities and religious sanctuaries. And thus, in contemporaneous sources, the Latin term palatium often designates not merely a royal residence but the king’s entourage, through a metonymic displacement that shows the importance of palatial grounds in * I would like to thank my fellow panelists at the International Medieval Congress (Leeds, 2011): Stuart Airlie, Alexandra Beauchamp, and Aurélien Le Coq, as well as our session organizer Jens Schneider. This paper has greatly benefited from the good counsel of Jennifer R. Davis, Eduard Frunzeanu, Alban Gautier, Maxime L’Héritier, and Jonathan Wild. I am also indebted to Eric J. Goldberg, who was kind enough to read my draft and share insightful remarks. In the final stage, the precise reading by Florilegium’s anonymous referees has greatly improved this paper. 1 In this paper, the term politics will be used in accordance with Baker’s definition, as rephrased by Stofferahn: “politics, broadly construed, is the activity through which individuals and groups in any society articulate, negotiate, implement, and enforce the competing claims they make upon one another”; Stofferahn, “Resonance and Discord,” 9.
  • Comparative Analysis of the Process of Initial State Genesis in Rus' and Bulgaria

    Comparative Analysis of the Process of Initial State Genesis in Rus' and Bulgaria

    Comparative Analysis of the Process of Initial State Genesis in Rus' and Bulgaria Evgeniy A. Shinakov Svetlana G. Polyakova Bryansk State University ABSTRACT There has not been completed yet the typological research of Euro- pean polities' forms (of the complexity level of ‘barbarous’ state- hood, ‘complex chiefdoms’, and rarely – ‘early states’ – in terms of political anthropology), and of the pathways of their emergence. This research can be amplified with the study of the First Bulgar- ian kingdom before Omurtag's and Krum's reforms (the end of the 7th – the early 9th century) and synchronous to it complex chief- dom of ‘Rosia’ (in terms of Porphyrpgenitus) of the end of the 9th – mid-10th century. They have typological similarity in military and contractual character of pathways of state genesis (in ‘Rosia’ it is supplemented by foreign trade) as well as in the form of ‘barba- rous’ (pre-Christian) statehood. It has a multilevel – ‘federal’ – character. At the head there were the Turks-Bulgarians and the ‘Rhos’ (‘Ruses’), whose settlements had limited territory, the ‘slavini- yas’ with their own power structure were subordinated to them and supervised by the ‘federal’ power strong points. The ‘supreme’ power domination is supported not only by the fear of weapon, but also by the treaties based on reciprocity. The common interest was, for exam- ple, the participation in robbery of the Byzantine Empire and interna- tional trade. At first in a peaceful way, later with conflicts, Bulgaria was transformed into a unitarian territorial state by the reforms of the pagans Оmurtag and Krum, and then of the Christian Boris (the latter had led to the conflict within the top level of power – among the Turkic-Bulgarians aristocracy).
  • Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (Ca

    Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (Ca

    Conversion and Empire: Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (ca. 300-900) by Alexander Borislavov Angelov A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor John V.A. Fine, Jr., Chair Professor Emeritus H. Don Cameron Professor Paul Christopher Johnson Professor Raymond H. Van Dam Associate Professor Diane Owen Hughes © Alexander Borislavov Angelov 2011 To my mother Irina with all my love and gratitude ii Acknowledgements To put in words deepest feelings of gratitude to so many people and for so many things is to reflect on various encounters and influences. In a sense, it is to sketch out a singular narrative but of many personal “conversions.” So now, being here, I am looking back, and it all seems so clear and obvious. But, it is the historian in me that realizes best the numerous situations, emotions, and dilemmas that brought me where I am. I feel so profoundly thankful for a journey that even I, obsessed with planning, could not have fully anticipated. In a final analysis, as my dissertation grew so did I, but neither could have become better without the presence of the people or the institutions that I feel so fortunate to be able to acknowledge here. At the University of Michigan, I first thank my mentor John Fine for his tremendous academic support over the years, for his friendship always present when most needed, and for best illustrating to me how true knowledge does in fact produce better humanity.
  • Possibilities of Royal Power in the Late Carolingian Age: Charles III the Simple

    Possibilities of Royal Power in the Late Carolingian Age: Charles III the Simple

    Possibilities of royal power in the late Carolingian age: Charles III the Simple Summary The thesis aims to determine the possibilities of royal power in the late Carolingian age, analysing the reign of Charles III the Simple (893/898-923). His predecessors’ reigns up to the death of his grandfather Charles II the Bald (843-877) serve as basis for comparison, thus also allowing to identify mid-term developments in the political structures shaping the Frankish world toward the turn from the 9th to the 10th century. Royal power is understood to have derived from the interaction of the ruler with the nobles around him. Following the reading of modern scholarship, the latter are considered as partners of the former, participating in the royal decision-making process and at the same time acting as executors of these decisions, thus transmitting the royal power into the various parts of the realm. Hence, the question for the royal room for manoeuvre is a question of the relations between the ruler and the nobles around him. Accordingly, the analysis of these relations forms the core part of the study. Based on the royal diplomas, interpreted in the context of the narrative evidence, the noble networks in contact with the rulers are revealed and their influence examined. Thus, over the course of the reigns of Louis II the Stammerer (877-879) and his sons Louis III (879-882) and Carloman II (879-884) up until the rule of Charles III the Fat (884-888), the existence of first one, then two groups of nobles significantly influencing royal politics become visible.
  • The Constitution of the Holy Roman Empire After 1648: Samuel Pufendorf's Assessment in His Monzambano

    The Constitution of the Holy Roman Empire After 1648: Samuel Pufendorf's Assessment in His Monzambano

    The Historical Journal http://journals.cambridge.org/HIS Additional services for The Historical Journal: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here THE CONSTITUTION OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE AFTER 1648: SAMUEL PUFENDORF'S ASSESSMENT IN HIS MONZAMBANO PETER SCHRÖDER The Historical Journal / Volume 42 / Issue 04 / December 1999, pp 961 - 983 DOI: null, Published online: 08 September 2000 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0018246X99008754 How to cite this article: PETER SCHRÖDER (1999). THE CONSTITUTION OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE AFTER 1648: SAMUEL PUFENDORF'S ASSESSMENT IN HIS MONZAMBANO . The Historical Journal, 42, pp 961-983 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/HIS, IP address: 144.82.107.84 on 29 May 2014 The Historical Journal, , (), pp. – Printed in the United Kingdom # Cambridge University Press THE CONSTITUTION OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE AFTER 1648: SAMUEL PUFENDORF’S ASSESSMENT IN HIS MONZAMBANO* PETER SCHRO$ DER University of Marburg . The examination of Pufendorf’s Monzambano shows that he was strongly interested in the question of sovereignty, and that the complex reality of the Holy Roman Empire demanded a completely new approach to the question of where sovereignty within the Empire lay. Pufendorf developed his account of the Empire as an irregular political system by using essential aspects of Hobbes’s theory and thus departed from all previous writers on the forma imperii. But Pufendorf’s writing on the Empire has not only to be linked with political and philosophical discussion about sovereignty within the Empire but also with his own main writings where he developed a more detailed theory regarding the issue of sovereignty in general.
  • Charlemagne Empire and Society

    Charlemagne Empire and Society

    CHARLEMAGNE EMPIRE AND SOCIETY editedbyJoamta Story Manchester University Press Manchesterand New York disMhutcdexclusively in the USAby Polgrave Copyright ManchesterUniversity Press2005 While copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in Manchester University Press, copyright in individual chaptersbelongs to their respectiveauthors, and no chapter may be reproducedwholly or in part without the expresspermission in writing of both author and publisher. Publishedby ManchesterUniversity Press Oxford Road,Manchester 8113 9\R. UK and Room 400,17S Fifth Avenue. New York NY 10010, USA www. m an chestcru niversi rvp ress.co. uk Distributedexclusively in the L)S.4 by Palgrave,175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010,USA Distributedexclusively in Canadaby UBC Press,University of British Columbia, 2029 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, CanadaV6T 1Z? British Library Cataloguing"in-PublicationData A cataloguerecord for this book is available from the British Library Library of CongressCataloging-in-Publication Data applied for ISBN 0 7190 7088 0 hardhuck EAN 978 0 7190 7088 4 ISBN 0 7190 7089 9 papaluck EAN 978 0 7190 7089 1 First published 2005 14 13 1211 100908070605 10987654321 Typeset in Dante with Trajan display by Koinonia, Manchester Printed in Great Britain by Bell & Bain Limited, Glasgow IN MEMORY OF DONALD A. BULLOUGH 1928-2002 AND TIMOTHY REUTER 1947-2002 13 CHARLEMAGNE'S COINAGE: IDEOLOGY AND ECONOMY SimonCoupland Introduction basis Was Charles the Great - Charlemagne - really great? On the of the numis- matic evidence, the answer is resoundingly positive. True, the transformation of the Frankish currency had already begun: the gold coinage of the Merovingian era had already been replaced by silver coins in Francia, and the pound had already been divided into 240 of these silver 'deniers' (denarii).
  • Glossar the Disintegration of the Carolingian Empire

    Glossar the Disintegration of the Carolingian Empire

    Tabelle1 Bavaria today Germany’s largest state, located in the Bayern Southeast besiege, v surround with armed forces belagern Bretons an ethnic group located in the Northwest of Bretonen France Carpathian Mountains a range of mountains forming an arc of roughly Karpaten 1,500 km across Central and Eastern Europe, Charles the Fat (Charles III) 839 – 888, King of Alemannia from 876, King Karl III. of Italy from 879, Roman Emperor (as Charles III) from 881 Danelaw an area in England in which the laws of the Danelag Danes were enforced instead of the laws of the Anglo-Saxons Franconia today mainly a part of Bavaria, the medieval Franken duchy Franconia included towns such as Mainz and Frankfurt Henry I 876 – 936, the duke of Saxony from 912 and Heinrich I. king of East Francia from 919 until his death Huns a confederation of nomadic tribes that invaded Hunnen Europe around 370 AD Lombardy a region in Northern Italy Lombardei Lorraine a historical area in present-day Northeast Lothringen France, a part of the kingdom Lotharingia Lothar I (Lothair I) 795 – 855, the eldest son of the Carolingian Lothar I. emperor Louis I and his first wife Ermengarde, king of Italy (818 – 855), Emperor of the Franks (840 – 855) Lotharingia a kingdom in Western Europe, it existed from Lothringen 843 – 870; not to be confused with Lorraine Louis I (Louis the Pious 778 – 840, also called the Fair, and the Ludwig I. Debonaire; only surviving son of Charlemagne; King of the Franks Louis the German (Louis II) ca. 806 – 876, third son of Louis I, King of Ludwig der Bavaria (817 – 876) and King of East Francia Deutsche (843 – 876) Louis the Younger (Louis III) 835 – 882, son of Louis the German, King of Ludwig III., der Saxony (876-882) and King of Bavaria (880- Jüngere 882), succeeded by his younger brother, Charles the Fat, Magyars an ethnic group primarily associated with Ungarn Hungary.
  • Introduction

    Introduction

    Cambridge University Press 0521819458 - Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire Simon Maclean Excerpt More information Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION the end of the carolingian empire in modern historiography The dregs of the Carlovingian race no longer exhibited any symptoms of virtue or power, and the ridiculous epithets of the Bald, the Stammerer, the Fat, and the Simple, distinguished the tame and uniform features of a crowd of kings alike deserving of oblivion. By the failure of the collateral branches, the whole inheritance devolved to Charles the Fat, the last emperor of his family: his insanity authorised the desertion of Germany, Italy, and France...Thegovernors,the bishops and the lords usurped the fragments of the falling empire.1 This was how, in the late eighteenth century, the great Enlightenment historianEdward Gibbonpassed verdict onthe endof the Carolingian empire almost exactly 900 years earlier. To twenty-first-century eyes, the terms of this assessment may seem jarring. Gibbon’s emphasis on the im- portance of virtue and his ideas about who or what was a deserving subject of historical study very much reflect the values of his age, the expectations of his audience and the intentions of his work.2 However, if the timbre of his analysis now feels dated, its constituent elements have nonetheless survived into modern historiography. The conventional narrative of the end of the empire in the year 888 is still a story about the emergence of recognisable medieval kingdoms which would become modern nations – France, Germany and Italy; about the personal inadequacies of late ninth- century kings as rulers; and about their powerlessness in the face of an increasingly independent, acquisitive and assertive aristocracy.
  • University of Southampton Research Repository

    University of Southampton Research Repository

    University of Southampton Research Repository Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis and, where applicable, any accompanying data are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non- commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis and the accompanying data cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content of the thesis and accompanying research data (where applicable) must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder/s. When referring to this thesis and any accompanying data, full bibliographic details must be given, e.g. Thesis: Katarzyna Kosior (2017) "Becoming and Queen in Early Modern Europe: East and West", University of Southampton, Faculty of the Humanities, History Department, PhD Thesis, 257 pages. University of Southampton FACULTY OF HUMANITIES Becoming a Queen in Early Modern Europe East and West KATARZYNA KOSIOR Doctor of Philosophy in History 2017 ~ 2 ~ UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES History Doctor of Philosophy BECOMING A QUEEN IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE: EAST AND WEST Katarzyna Kosior My thesis approaches sixteenth-century European queenship through an analysis of the ceremonies and rituals accompanying the marriages of Polish and French queens consort: betrothal, wedding, coronation and childbirth. The thesis explores the importance of these events for queens as both a personal and public experience, and questions the existence of distinctly Western and Eastern styles of queenship. A comparative study of ‘Eastern’ and ‘Western’ ceremony in the sixteenth century has never been attempted before and sixteenth- century Polish queens usually do not appear in any collective works about queenship, even those which claim to have a pan-European focus.
  • Contents More Information

    Contents More Information

    Cambridge University Press 0521819458 - Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire Simon Maclean Table of Contents More information CONTENTS List of maps and figures page vii Acknowledgements viii List of abbreviations xi Note on names,terminology and citations xiv Outline chronology xv 1 introduction 1 The endof the Carolingianempire inmodernhistoriography 1 The shape of politics in the late ninth century 11 2 un-frankish activities: charles the fat in the eyes of contemporary annalists 23 The Annals of Fulda 24 Bad advice 28 The Vikings and the siege of Asselt 30 Royal inactivity 37 History and politics in the late ninth century 42 3 themenwhowouldbekings:the ‘supermagnates’ and the ‘rise of the aristocracy’ 48 The rise of Odo 49 Politics and identity in Abbo’s Wars of the City of Paris 55 The supermagnates and the empire 64 Conclusion 75 4royal politics and regional power in the late carolingian empire 81 Alemannia and Alsace 83 Italy 91 Franconia, Saxony and Bavaria 97 West Francia 99 The north Frankish circle 102 Geilo of Langres 110 v © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521819458 - Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire Simon Maclean Table of Contents More information Contents Royal politics and aristocratic identity in late ninth-century west Francia 115 Conclusion 120 5 the end of the empire i: politics and ideology at the east frankish court 123 The restorationof the
  • 2021 Master Price List.Xlsx

    2021 Master Price List.Xlsx

    721 York St., PO Box 72430, Newport, KY 41072-0430 Phone: (859) 261-2035 • USA Fax: (800) 261-8247 • International Fax: (859) 261-8247 www.nationalband.com • [email protected] PRICE LIST $25 Minimum Order - Price List Effective January 2021 - Subject to change without notice These Special Charges are referenced in this price list and should be added only when they apply to your order. This charge is for minimal type changes. i.e.: a prefix "A" changed to "B" or a year date change. For extensive type B - $5 Each Type Change changes, or changes in format, etc., contact us for a quote. Standard Packing is 100/wire, 100/string, 25/stick, or 250/500 to a box C - $10-$50/1000 Special Packing Call for quote for alternate methods D - $20 Net Make-Ready Charge This is a one-time charge on each order or it can apply to changes in style, size, color, holes, etc. Paint-Filled Stamped characters can be filled with a contrasting color to make it easier to read. Priced per side of tag. Dog and Cat E - $6-$15/100 Characters tags and Industrial Nameplate tags - $0.15 per side per tag. Everything else - $0.06 per side per tag Special Numbering Applies to each additional set of consecutive numbers for sets less than 100. i.e.: sets 1 through 10, 50 through 75, F - $2/Set Charge etc. OR each set of identical numbers. i.e.: 10 each of number 15, 12 each of number 78. Wet Tumbling Flat Tags - $15/1000, 1242 Bands - $12/1000.