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Bavaria today ’s largest state, located in the Bayern Southeast besiege, v surround with armed forces belagern Bretons an ethnic group located in the Northwest of Bretonen Carpathian Mountains a range of mountains forming an arc of roughly Karpaten 1,500 km across Central and Eastern ,

Charles the Fat ( III) 839 – 888, King of Alemannia from 876, King Karl III. of from 879, Roman (as Charles III) from 881 Danelaw an area in England in which the laws of the Danelag were enforced instead of the laws of the Anglo- today mainly a part of , the medieval Franken duchy Franconia included towns such as and Henry I 876 – 936, the duke of from 912 and Heinrich I. king of East from 919 until his death

Huns a confederation of nomadic tribes that invaded Hunnen Europe around 370 AD Lombardy a region in Northern Italy Lombardei a historical area in present-day Northeast Lothringen France, a part of the kingdom Lothar I () 795 – 855, the eldest son of the Carolingian Lothar I. emperor Louis I and his first wife Ermengarde, (818 – 855), Emperor of the (840 – 855) Lotharingia a kingdom in Western Europe, it existed from Lothringen 843 – 870; not to be confused with Lorraine

Louis I ( 778 – 840, also called the Fair, and the Ludwig I. Debonaire; only surviving son of ; King of the Franks (Louis II) ca. 806 – 876, third son of Louis I, King of Ludwig der Bavaria (817 – 876) and King of Deutsche (843 – 876) Louis the Younger (Louis III) 835 – 882, son of Louis the German, King of Ludwig III., der Saxony (876-882) and (880- Jüngere 882), succeeded by his younger brother, , Magyars an ethnic group primarily associated with Ungarn Hungary. a time of human migration which occurred Völkerwanderung within the period of roughly 300–700 in Europe

Otto I the Great 912 – 973, son of Henry I, Duke of Saxony, Otto I. King of Germany, King of Italy,

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Saxony The medieval duchy Saxony covered the area of Sachsen the modern German states of Lower Saxony, North -Westphalia, Schleswig-Holstein, Saxony-Anhalt. stem duchy region inhabited by Germanic tribes associated Stammesherzogtu with the Frankish Kingdom m a region in Southwestern Germany, one of the Schwaben stem duchies of the East Francia today one of Germany’s 16 federal states; Thüringen comprised Hesse until the 13th century Verdun city in Northeastern France Verdun

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