Pictorial Collection at the Huguenot Library
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From Oppression to Freedom
FROM OPPRESSION TO FREEDOM John Jay and his Huguenot Heritage The Protestant Reformation changed European history, when it challenged the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century. John Calvin was a French theologian who led his own branch of the movement. French Protestants were called Huguenots as a derisive Conflict Over the term by Catholics. Protestant Disagreements escalated into a series of religious wars Reformation in seventeenth-century France. Tens of thousands of Huguenots were killed. Finally, the Edict of Nantes was issued in 1598 to end the bloodshed; it established Catholicism as the official religion of France, but granted Protestants the right to worship in their own way. Eighty-seven years later, in 1685, King Louis XIV issued the Edict of Fontainebleau, which reversed the Edict of Nantes, and declared the public practice of Protestantism illegal. Louis regarded religious pluralism as an obstacle to his achieving complete power over the French people. By his order, Huguenot churches were demolished, Huguenot schools were The Revocation of closed, all newborns were required to be baptized as Roman Catholics, and it became illegal for the the Edict of Nantes Protestant laity to emigrate or remove their valuables from France. A View of La Rochelle In La Rochelle, a busy seaport on France’s Atlantic coast, the large population of Huguenot merchants, traders, and artisans there suffered the persecution that followed the edict. Among them was Pierre Jay, an affluent trader, and his family. Pierre’s church was torn down. In order to intimidate him into converting to Catholicism, the government quartered unruly soldiers called dragonnades in his house, to live with him and his family. -
University of Southampton Research Repository
University of Southampton Research Repository Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis and, where applicable, any accompanying data are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non- commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis and the accompanying data cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content of the thesis and accompanying research data (where applicable) must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder/s. When referring to this thesis and any accompanying data, full bibliographic details must be given, e.g. Thesis: Katarzyna Kosior (2017) "Becoming and Queen in Early Modern Europe: East and West", University of Southampton, Faculty of the Humanities, History Department, PhD Thesis, 257 pages. University of Southampton FACULTY OF HUMANITIES Becoming a Queen in Early Modern Europe East and West KATARZYNA KOSIOR Doctor of Philosophy in History 2017 ~ 2 ~ UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES History Doctor of Philosophy BECOMING A QUEEN IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE: EAST AND WEST Katarzyna Kosior My thesis approaches sixteenth-century European queenship through an analysis of the ceremonies and rituals accompanying the marriages of Polish and French queens consort: betrothal, wedding, coronation and childbirth. The thesis explores the importance of these events for queens as both a personal and public experience, and questions the existence of distinctly Western and Eastern styles of queenship. A comparative study of ‘Eastern’ and ‘Western’ ceremony in the sixteenth century has never been attempted before and sixteenth- century Polish queens usually do not appear in any collective works about queenship, even those which claim to have a pan-European focus. -
THE CAMISARD UPRISING of the FRENCH PROTESTANTS. The
THE CAMISARD UPRISING OF THE FRENCH PROTESTANTS. BY REV. PROF. HENRY MARTYN BAIRD, D.D., LL.D., University of the City of New York. The movement known as the War of the Camisards is an episode of the history of Protestantism in France which, though rarely studied in detail and perhaps but partially understood, was not devoid of significance.1 1 On the Camisard uprising see Louvreleuil, " Le Fanatisme renouvelle, ou Histoire des Sacrileges, des incendies . que les Calvinistes revoltez ont commis dans les Sevenes " (Avignon, 1704, 3 vols.). Concluded in a fourth volume under the title " L'Obstination confondue" (Avignon, 1706). Brueys, "Histoire du Fanatisme de notre terns" (3d edition, Utrecht, 1737, 3 vols.). Cavalier, " Memoirs of the Wars of the Cevennes " (2d edition, London, 1727). Though ostensibly written by Cavalier himself, the true author is said to be Pierre Henri Galli, who gives the results of conversations with the Camisard chief, but with such frequent errors as to diminish greatly the value of the narrative. The anonymous " Histoire des Camisards" (London, 1754) is inaccurate and rarely deserving of confidence. The pastoral letters of Bishop Fle'chier in the 5th volume of his " CEuvres completes " (Paris, 1828), and his correspondence in the 10th volume are of great interest. Antoine Court, '' Histoire des troubles des Cevennes ou de la guerre des Camisards, sous le regne de Louis XIV." (Villefranche, 1760, and Alais, 1S19, 3 vols.). By far the most faithful and complete history of the entire war. Although Court was a child at the time of the events described^ and is compelled to make use of the narratives of Louvreleuil, Brueys, etc., he had great familiarity with the region of the Cevennes, where he labored as a minister from 1715 onwards. -
Researching Huguenot Settlers in Ireland
BYU Family Historian Volume 6 Article 9 9-1-2007 Researching Huguenot Settlers in Ireland Vivien Costello Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byufamilyhistorian Recommended Citation The BYU Family Historian, Vol. 6 (Fall 2007) p. 83-163 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in BYU Family Historian by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. RESEARCHING HUGUENOT SETTLERS IN IRELAND1 VIVIEN COSTELLO PREAMBLE This study is a genealogical research guide to French Protestant refugee settlers in Ireland, c. 1660–1760. It reassesses Irish Huguenot settlements in the light of new findings and provides a background historical framework. A comprehensive select bibliography is included. While there is no formal listing of manuscript sources, many key documents are cited in the footnotes. This work covers only French Huguenots; other Protestant Stranger immigrant groups, such as German Palatines and the Swiss watchmakers of New Geneva, are not featured. INTRODUCTION Protestantism in France2 In mainland Europe during the early sixteenth century, theologians such as Martin Luther and John Calvin called for an end to the many forms of corruption that had developed within the Roman Catholic Church. When their demands were ignored, they and their followers ceased to accept the authority of the Pope and set up independent Protestant churches instead. Bitter religious strife throughout much of Europe ensued. In France, a Catholic-versus-Protestant civil war was waged intermittently throughout the second half of the sixteenth century, followed by ever-increasing curbs on Protestant civil and religious liberties.3 The majority of French Protestants, nicknamed Huguenots,4 were followers of Calvin. -
Violence in Reformation France Christopher M
Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Maria Dittman Library Research Competition: Library (Raynor Memorial Libraries) Student Award Winners 4-1-2010 Quel Horreur!: Violence in Reformation France Christopher M. McFadin Marquette University, [email protected] Undergraduate recipient (Junior/Senior category) of the Library's Maria Dittman Award, Spring 2010. Paper written for History 4995 (Independent Study) with Dr. Julius Ruff. © Christopher M. McFadin 1 Quel horreur! : Violence in Reformation France By Chris McFadin History 4995: Independent Study on Violence in the French Wars of Religion, 1562-1629 Dr. Julius Ruff November 9, 2009 2 Oh happy victory! It is to you alone Lord, not to us, the distinguished trophy of honor. In one stroke you tore up the trunk, and the root, and the strewn earth of the heretical vermin. Vermin, who were caught in snares that they had dared to set for your faithful subjects. Oh favorable night! Hour most desirable in which we placed our hope. 1 Michel de Roigny, On the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, 1572 The level of sectarian violence that erupted in Reformation France was extraordinary. Otherwise ordinary Catholics tortured their Huguenot neighbors to death and then afterwards mutilated their corpses, sometimes feeding the disfigured remains to farm animals. Catholic children elicited applause from their coreligionists as they killed adult Huguenots by tearing them to pieces. Huguenots assaulted Catholic priests during the Mass, pillaged Catholic churches, and desecrated the Host. Indeed, as the sectarian duel increased in frequency and intensity, a man could be killed for calling someone a Huguenot; both sides used religion to rationalize the assassinations of dukes and kings. -
Francia. Forschungen Zur Westeuropäischen Geschichte
&ƌĂŶĐŝĂ͘&ŽƌƐĐŚƵŶŐĞŶnjƵƌǁĞƐƚĞƵƌŽƉćŝƐĐŚĞŶ'ĞƐĐŚŝĐŚƚĞ ,ĞƌĂƵƐŐĞŐĞďĞŶǀŽŵĞƵƚƐĐŚĞŶ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝƐĐŚĞŶ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚWĂƌŝƐ ;/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŚŝƐƚŽƌŝƋƵĞĂůůĞŵĂŶĚͿ ĂŶĚϭϰ;ϭϵϴϲͿ K/͗10.11588/fr.1986.0.52621 ZĞĐŚƚƐŚŝŶǁĞŝƐ ŝƚƚĞ ďĞĂĐŚƚĞŶ ^ŝĞ͕ ĚĂƐƐ ĚĂƐ ŝŐŝƚĂůŝƐĂƚ ƵƌŚĞďĞƌƌĞĐŚƚůŝĐŚ ŐĞƐĐŚƺƚnjƚ ŝƐƚ͘ ƌůĂƵďƚ ŝƐƚ ĂďĞƌ ĚĂƐ >ĞƐĞŶ͕ ĚĂƐ ƵƐĚƌƵĐŬĞŶ ĚĞƐ dĞdžƚĞƐ͕ ĚĂƐ ,ĞƌƵŶƚĞƌůĂĚĞŶ͕ ĚĂƐ ^ƉĞŝĐŚĞƌŶ ĚĞƌ ĂƚĞŶ ĂƵĨ ĞŝŶĞŵ ĞŝŐĞŶĞŶ ĂƚĞŶƚƌćŐĞƌ ƐŽǁĞŝƚ ĚŝĞ ǀŽƌŐĞŶĂŶŶƚĞŶ ,ĂŶĚůƵŶŐĞŶ ĂƵƐƐĐŚůŝĞƘůŝĐŚ njƵ ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞŶ ƵŶĚ ŶŝĐŚƚͲ ŬŽŵŵĞƌnjŝĞůůĞŶ ǁĞĐŬĞŶ ĞƌĨŽůŐĞŶ͘ ŝŶĞ ĚĂƌƺďĞƌ ŚŝŶĂƵƐŐĞŚĞŶĚĞ ƵŶĞƌůĂƵďƚĞ sĞƌǁĞŶĚƵŶŐ͕ ZĞƉƌŽĚƵŬƚŝŽŶ ŽĚĞƌ tĞŝƚĞƌŐĂďĞ ĞŝŶnjĞůŶĞƌ /ŶŚĂůƚĞ ŽĚĞƌ ŝůĚĞƌ ŬƂŶŶĞŶ ƐŽǁŽŚů njŝǀŝůͲ ĂůƐ ĂƵĐŚ ƐƚƌĂĨƌĞĐŚƚůŝĐŚ ǀĞƌĨŽůŐƚǁĞƌĚĞŶ͘ Prosopographica VII Constance B. Bouchard FAMILY STRUCTURE AND FAMILY CONSCIOUSNESS AMONG THE ARISTOCRACY IN THE NINTH TO ELEVENTH CENTURIES* There can be no question that the period from the ninth to eleventh centuries in westem Europe was one of political upheaval and change for the aristocracy. Charlemagne’s empire was invaded, fought over, divided into new kingdoms and principalities. Fief-holding, vassalage, and castles first became widespread. Even the sorts of men who wielded power changed as new lineages first of counts and then of castellans appeared and married into previously established lines1. This political change, it is generally agreed, was accompanied by some sort of change in the family structure of the aristocracy, but there has been a good deal of debate over exactly what this change entailed. In this paper, I shall reexamine the question of noble family structure in this period, trying first to define some of the parameters of the discussion and then making suggestions on the nature of the changes in family consciousness, suggestions quite different from the conclusions many have drawn in the last twenty-five years. I shall do so using concrete examples drawn from three different lineages or family groups. -
Ambassadors to and from England
p.1: Prominent Foreigners. p.25: French hostages in England, 1559-1564. p.26: Other Foreigners in England. p.30: Refugees in England. p.33-85: Ambassadors to and from England. Prominent Foreigners. Principal suitors to the Queen: Archduke Charles of Austria: see ‘Emperors, Holy Roman’. France: King Charles IX; Henri, Duke of Anjou; François, Duke of Alençon. Sweden: King Eric XIV. Notable visitors to England: from Bohemia: Baron Waldstein (1600). from Denmark: Duke of Holstein (1560). from France: Duke of Alençon (1579, 1581-1582); Prince of Condé (1580); Duke of Biron (1601); Duke of Nevers (1602). from Germany: Duke Casimir (1579); Count Mompelgart (1592); Duke of Bavaria (1600); Duke of Stettin (1602). from Italy: Giordano Bruno (1583-1585); Orsino, Duke of Bracciano (1601). from Poland: Count Alasco (1583). from Portugal: Don Antonio, former King (1581, Refugee: 1585-1593). from Sweden: John Duke of Finland (1559-1560); Princess Cecilia (1565-1566). Bohemia; Denmark; Emperors, Holy Roman; France; Germans; Italians; Low Countries; Navarre; Papal State; Poland; Portugal; Russia; Savoy; Spain; Sweden; Transylvania; Turkey. Bohemia. Slavata, Baron Michael: 1576 April 26: in England, Philip Sidney’s friend; May 1: to leave. Slavata, Baron William (1572-1652): 1598 Aug 21: arrived in London with Paul Hentzner; Aug 27: at court; Sept 12: left for France. Waldstein, Baron (1581-1623): 1600 June 20: arrived, in London, sightseeing; June 29: met Queen at Greenwich Palace; June 30: his travels; July 16: in London; July 25: left for France. Also quoted: 1599 Aug 16; Beddington. Denmark. King Christian III (1503-1 Jan 1559): 1559 April 6: Queen Dorothy, widow, exchanged condolences with Elizabeth. -
History of the Presbyterian Churches of the World, Adapted for Use in the Class Room
History of the Presbyterian Churches of the World Adapted for use in the Class Room BY R. C. REED D. D. Professor of Church History in the Presbyterian Theological Seminary at Columbia, South Carolina; author of •• The Gospel as Taught by Calvin." PHILADELPHIA Zbe TKIlestminster press 1912 BK ^71768 Copyright. 1905, by The Trustees of the I'resbyterian Board of Publication and Sabbath-School Work. Contents CHAPTER PAGE I INTRODUCTION I II SWITZERLAND 14 III FRANCE 34 IV THE NETHERLANDS 72 V AUSTRIA — BOHEMIA AND MORAVIA . 104 VI SCOTLAND 126 VII IRELAND 173 VIII ENGLAND AND WALES 205 IX THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA . 232 X UNITED STATES (Continued) 269 XI UNITED STATES (Continued) 289 XII UNITED STATES (Continued) 301 XIII UNITED STATES (Continued) 313 XIV UNITED STATES (Continued) 325 • XV CANADA 341 XVI BRITISH COLONIAL CHURCHES .... 357 XVII MISSIONARY TERRITORY 373 APPENDIX 389 INDEX 405 iii History of the Presbyterian Churches CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION WRITERS sometimes use the term Presbyterian to cover three distinct things, government, doctrine and worship ; sometimes to cover doctrine and government. It should be restricted to one thing, namely, Church Government. While it is usually found associated with the Calvinistic system of doctrine, yet this is not necessarily so ; nor is it, indeed, as a matter of fact, always so. Presbyterianism and Calvinism seem to have an affinity for one another, but they are not so closely related as to be essential to each other. They can, and occasionally do, live apart. Calvinism is found in the creeds of other than Presby terian churches ; and Presbyterianism is found professing other doctrines than Calvinism. -
Cranmer Memorial Bible College and Seminary
Cranmer Memorial Bible College and Seminary Thesis Proposal Research into Huguenots History and Theology: The Huguenots fight for religious liberty in France from 1555 to 1789 and, Calvin theological legacy. Presented to the Faculty By Mr. Tiowa Diarra October 2003 Chapter I. Introducing the problem: In 1998, the French people celebrated the 4th centennial of the Edict of Nantes, signed by Henry IV on April 13, 1598. This was a significant event to remember the great combat fought centuries ago by the Huguenot people for religious liberty in France. The promulgation of the Edict was a major step in religious freedom. It ended the thirty years of religious war and brought the reformed worship into legality in many part of the Kingdom at that time. However, Ludwig XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes on October 22, 1685 nearly a century later, delaying the religious liberty process. Recently, a celebration held in Basel, Switzerland has remarkably shown the importance of the Huguenots’ contribution in that city. A lecturer pointed out the outcome of the Huguenots contribution to the cities where they reached out as refugees like this: This city shows how much the fleeing of brains can be profitable. We can find some in history; thus, when Ludwig XIV, the Sun-King, revoked the edict of Nantes, the French Protestants did not have another choice than to convert or leave the country. Many among them were the best in arts, in science and, in business. Their escape as refugees in Switzerland, in hospitable cities such as Geneva, Zurich, Berne or Basel. -
A.P. European History. Western Heritage Chapter 12 the Age of Religious Wars September 2017
A.P. European History. Western Heritage Chapter 12 The Age of Religious Wars September 2017 All assignments and dates are subject to change. Assignments Due 1. Read pp. 390-395 The French Wars of Religion (1562-1598) September 3, Sunday 2. Read pp. 395-404 Imperial Spain and the Reign of Philip II (1556-1598) September 6, Wednesday England & Spain (1553-1603) 3. Read pp. 404-413 The Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648) September 8, Friday 4. SAQ QUIZ TBA 5. All Bp”s & 1 outline are due September 15 Friday 6. http://www.historyguide.org/earlymod/lecture6c.html Read!! 7. Chapter 12 Test September 15 Friday Study Guide for Chapter 12 - The Age of Religious Wars Terms and People to Know Sec 1. (pgs 388-395) presbyters Counter-Reformation baroque Peter Paul Reubens Gianlorenzo Bernini Christopher Wren Rembrandt van Rijn politiques Huguenots Edict of Fontainebleau Edict of Chateaubriand Henry of Navarre Catherine de Medici Bourbons Guises Louis I, Prince of Condy Admiral Gaspard de Coligny Conspiracy of Amboise Theodore Beza Francis II Charles IX January Edict Peace of St. Germain-en-Laye Battle of Lepanto Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre Henry of Navarre Franco - Gallia Francois Hotman On the Right of Magistrates over Their Subjects Henry III The Peace of Beaulieu The Day of Barricades Henry IV The Edict of Nantes Treaty of Vervins Sec 2. (pgs 395-401) Spanish Armada Philip II Ferdinand I Potosi ( Bolivia ) Zacatecas (Mexico) inflation The Escorial Don Carlos Don John of Austria The Battle of Lepanto annexation of Portugal Cardinal Granvelle Margaret of Parma The Count of Egmont William of Nassau ( of Orange) Anne of Saxony Louis of Nassau The Compromise The Duke of Alba The Council of Trouble "tenth penny tax" Stadholder "Sea Beggars" Don Luis de Requesens "The Spanish Fury" The Pacification of Ghent Union of Brussels The Perpetual Edict of 1577 The Union of Arras The Union of Utrecht " The Apology" Duke of Alencon Maurice of Orange Treaty of Joinville Twelve Year's Truce Sec 3. -
David Garrioch, Protestants and Bourgeois Notability in Eighteenth-Century Paris
Protestants and Bourgeois Notability 1 Protestants and Bourgeois Notability in Eighteenth-Century Paris David Garrioch Until the second half of the seventeenth century, Protestants in Paris participated in many aspects of city life alongside their Catholic peers. They were admitted to the trade guilds and to the learned academies, and many held administrative and venal offices. They served in the Parliament and other leading institutions, and some were accepted in fashionable salons.1 This began to change after Louis XIV’s assumption of personal power in 1661, as the Royal Council progressively excluded Huguenots (as French Reformed Protestants were called) from many occupations, especially the most prestigious ones. The process culminated with the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, after which a series of laws denied civil rights to Huguenots and required them to convert to Catholicism. Nearly all the Paris Huguenots, threatened with legal sanctions, arbitrary imprisonment, and with dragonnades like those taking place in the provinces, signed abjurations. Many, however, maintained their Protestant faith in private, praying and reading the Bible within their families. They rarely attended Catholic religious services. Although at first there were periodic attempts to enforce Catholic practice, after 1710 the Paris authorities largely turned a blind eye to the Protestant presence. The police only intervened if there were complaints from Catholics, or what they David Garrioch is Professor of History at Monash University, Australia. He has written on eighteenth- century Paris, on early modern European towns and on the Enlightenment, notably on friendship, philanthropy and cosmopolitanism. His most recent book is The Huguenots of Paris and the Coming of Religious Freedom, 1685-1789 (Cambridge: 2014). -
LIX. the Massacre of the Huguenots
Although the admiral was only wounded, the mere fact that he had been attacked in this way, in such a place, roused keen indignation among the Huguenots assembled in Paris. When the king heard of it, he flung down his tennis racket, petulantly crying, “Am I never to have peace?” Then he went to visit the wounded admiral, and expressed great sympathy. It may be that this very visit precipitated matters, for Catherine and her most devoted followers now be- gan to plot a great Huguenot massacre. Some of those who were approached in regard to it were in favor of getting rid of all the Huguenot leaders at any cost, but Charles IX of France. others were too honorable to subscribe to any such measure; one man, for instance, boldly declared: “God forbid that I should give my assent to any design so perfidious— one so fatal to the honor of France and to the repute of my king!” Z LIX. The Massacre of the Huguenots. HARLES IX was one of those who opposed a Huguenot massacre, obstinately re- C fusing at first to sign the decree his mother presented. But his was a weak and credulous nature, so at the end of a very few days, wearied by Catherine’s importunities, and convinced besides by her false statements that the Huguenots were really plotting against his life, he suddenly seized the pen, and signed the order for the massacre, ex- claiming hysterically: “By God’s death, since you will kill the admiral, kill them all! Kill all the Huguenots in France, so that none may be left to reproach me.