Study Guide Chp. 13 sec. 1 I. Complete terms and names sec. 1 1. What did the new society that emerged in Europe during the Middle Ages have its roots in? 2. When did the level of learning among the Romans start to sink sharply? 3. What happened to the knowledge of Greek? 4. By the 800’s what had evolved from Latin? 5. During a time of political chaos, what provided order and security? 6. What held Germanic society together? 7. What governed the small communities that Germanic peoples lived in? 8. What did Germanic warriors receive from the chief they followed? 9. What Germanic people held power in Gaul? 10. Who was their leader? What did he bring to the region? 11. Who supported Clovis’s military campaigns against other Germanic peoples? 12. What had Clovis accomplished by 511? 13. What religious communities did the church build to adapt to rural conditions? 14. What Italian monk and his sister developed a set of rules for monasteries and convents? 15. What did monks and nuns devote their lives to? 16. What did monasteries become? 17. What did Pope Gregory broaden? 18. What did Gregory use church revenue to do? 19. According to Gregory, what regions fell under his responsibility? 20. What would become a central theme of the Middle Ages? 21. What began to spring up all over Europe as the Roman Empire dissolved? 22. Who controlled the largest and strongest of Europe’s kingdoms? 23. By 700, what official had become the most powerful person in the Frankish kingdom? 24. Who was the mayor of the palace in 719? 25. Who did Charles Martel defeat in 732 at the Battle of Tours? 26. What might have happened if Charles Martel had lost the Battle of Tours? 27. Who did Charles Martel pass his power to? 28. Who did Pepin agree to fight on behalf of the church? 29. What did the pope anoint Pepin? 30. What dynasty ruled the Franks from 751 to 987? 31. After his brother’s death in 771, who ruled the Frankish kingdom? 32. Through his conquests, what did Charlemagne reunite for the first time since the Roman Empire? 33. Why did Charlemagne travel to Rome in 800? 34. What did the pope’s crowning of Charlemagne as “Roman Emperor” signal? 35. How did Charlemagne strengthen his royal power? 36. What was one of Charlemagne’s greatest accomplishments? 37. What did Charlemagne order monasteries to open? 38. What did Charlemagne’s sons sign in 843? 39. What did Carolingan kings lose as a result of the Treaty of Verdun? 40. What new system did a lack of strong rulers lead to?