S.G. Chapter 13 Sec. 1

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

S.G. Chapter 13 Sec. 1 Study Guide Chp. 13 sec. 1 I. Complete terms and names sec. 1 1. What did the new society that emerged in Europe during the Middle Ages have its roots in? 2. When did the level of learning among the Romans start to sink sharply? 3. What happened to the knowledge of Greek? 4. By the 800’s what had evolved from Latin? 5. During a time of political chaos, what provided order and security? 6. What held Germanic society together? 7. What governed the small communities that Germanic peoples lived in? 8. What did Germanic warriors receive from the chief they followed? 9. What Germanic people held power in Gaul? 10. Who was their leader? What did he bring to the region? 11. Who supported Clovis’s military campaigns against other Germanic peoples? 12. What had Clovis accomplished by 511? 13. What religious communities did the church build to adapt to rural conditions? 14. What Italian monk and his sister developed a set of rules for monasteries and convents? 15. What did monks and nuns devote their lives to? 16. What did monasteries become? 17. What did Pope Gregory broaden? 18. What did Gregory use church revenue to do? 19. According to Gregory, what regions fell under his responsibility? 20. What would become a central theme of the Middle Ages? 21. What began to spring up all over Europe as the Roman Empire dissolved? 22. Who controlled the largest and strongest of Europe’s kingdoms? 23. By 700, what official had become the most powerful person in the Frankish kingdom? 24. Who was the mayor of the palace in 719? 25. Who did Charles Martel defeat in 732 at the Battle of Tours? 26. What might have happened if Charles Martel had lost the Battle of Tours? 27. Who did Charles Martel pass his power to? 28. Who did Pepin agree to fight on behalf of the church? 29. What did the pope anoint Pepin? 30. What dynasty ruled the Franks from 751 to 987? 31. After his brother’s death in 771, who ruled the Frankish kingdom? 32. Through his conquests, what did Charlemagne reunite for the first time since the Roman Empire? 33. Why did Charlemagne travel to Rome in 800? 34. What did the pope’s crowning of Charlemagne as “Roman Emperor” signal? 35. How did Charlemagne strengthen his royal power? 36. What was one of Charlemagne’s greatest accomplishments? 37. What did Charlemagne order monasteries to open? 38. What did Charlemagne’s sons sign in 843? 39. What did Carolingan kings lose as a result of the Treaty of Verdun? 40. What new system did a lack of strong rulers lead to? .
Recommended publications
  • LECTURE 5 the Origins of Feudalism
    OUTLINE — LECTURE 5 The Origins of Feudalism A Brief Sketch of Political History from Clovis (d. 511) to Henry IV (d. 1106) 632 death of Mohammed The map above shows to the growth of the califate to roughly 750. The map above shows Europe and the East Roman Empire from 533 to roughly 600. – 2 – The map above shows the growth of Frankish power from 481 to 814. 486 – 511 Clovis, son of Merovich, king of the Franks 629 – 639 Dagobert, last effective Merovingian king of the Franks 680 – 714 Pepin of Heristal, mayor of the palace 714 – 741 Charles Martel, mayor (732(3), battle of Tours/Poitiers) 714 – 751 - 768 Pepin the Short, mayor then king 768 – 814 Charlemagne, king (emperor, 800 – 814) 814 – 840 Louis the Pious (emperor) – 3 – The map shows the Carolingian empire, the Byzantine empire, and the Califate in 814. – 4 – The map shows the breakup of the Carolingian empire from 843–888. West Middle East 840–77 Charles the Bald 840–55 Lothair, emp. 840–76 Louis the German 855–69 Lothair II – 5 – The map shows the routes of various Germanic invaders from 150 to 1066. Our focus here is on those in dark orange, whom Shepherd calls ‘Northmen: Danes and Normans’, popularly ‘Vikings’. – 6 – The map shows Europe and the Byzantine empire about the year 1000. France Germany 898–922 Charles the Simple 919–36 Henry the Fowler 936–62–73 Otto the Great, kg. emp. 973–83 Otto II 987–96 Hugh Capet 983–1002 Otto III 1002–1024 Henry II 996–1031 Robert II the Pious 1024–39 Conrad II 1031–1060 Henry I 1039–56 Henry III 1060–1108 Philip I 1056–1106 Henry IV – 7 – The map shows Europe and the Mediterranean lands in roughly the year 1097.
    [Show full text]
  • 9780521564946 Index.Pdf
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-56494-6 - The Carolingian World Marios Costambeys, Matthew Innes and Simon Maclean Index More information INDEX . Aachen on conversion of Avars and Saxons, and memory of Charlemagne, 5 108 Charlemagne’s burial place, 154, 197 on force and conversion, 74 palace complex and chapel, 77, 157, on imperium, 166 168, 169, 173, 174, 175, 178, 196, 197, on pope and emperor, 138 199, 201, 205, 213, 214, 217, 218, 282, on the virtues and vices, 300 293, 295, 320, 409, 411, 420, 425 relationship to Willibrord, 106 Abbo of St-Germain-des-Pres:´ on Viking Alemannia. See also Judith, Empress; attack on Paris, 277 Charles the Fat Adalhard, Charlemagne’s cousin, 193 and Carolingian conquest, 225 and Hincmar’s De ordine palatii [On the and Charles Martel, 46 Governance of the Palace], 295 and family of Empress Judith, 206 and succession of Louis the Pious, 199 and opposition to rehabilitated in 820s, 206 Carolingians, 41, 51 afterlife: ideas of, 115 and Pippin III, 52 Agnellus of Ravenna, 59 conquest under Carloman and Pippin Agobard of Lyon III, 52 controversy with Amalarius of Metz, Merovingian conquest, 35 121 under Charlemagne, 66 criticism of Matfrid’s influence, 213 Amalarius of Metz on Jewish slave traders, 367 on Mass, 121 Aistulf, Lombard king, 58, 62 annals, 22, 23 laws on merchants, 368 and Pippin’s seizure of kingship, 32 military legislation of, 279 production of, 18, 21 Alcuin Annals of Fulda, 23, 231, 387, 396, as scholar, 143 404 as teacher, 147 Annals of Lorsch, 23, 166 asks ‘what has Ingeld to do with
    [Show full text]
  • Merovingian Queens: Status, Religion, and Regency
    Merovingian Queens: Status, Religion, and Regency Jackie Nowakowski Honors Thesis Submitted to the Department of History, Georgetown University Advisor: Professor Jo Ann Moran Cruz Honors Program Chair: Professor Alison Games May 4, 2020 Nowakowski 1 Table of Contents: Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………………..2 ​ Map, Genealogical Chart, Glossary……………………………………………………………3 ​ Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………7 ​ Chapter 1: The Makings of a Merovingian Queen: Slave, Concubine, or Princess………..18 ​ Chapter 2: Religious Authority of Queens: Intercessors and Saints………………………..35 ​ Chapter 3: Queens as Regents: Scheming Stepmothers and Murdering Mothers-in-law....58 ​ Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………....80 ​ Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………….83 ​ Nowakowski 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Professor Moran Cruz for all her guidance and advice; you have helped me become a better scholar and writer. I also want to thank Professor Games for your constant enthusiasm and for creating a respectful and fun atmosphere for our seminar. Your guidance over these past two semesters have been invaluable. I am also so grateful for my classmates, who always gave me honest and constructive feedback; I have enjoyed seeing where your projects take you. Most of all, I would like to thank my family and friends for listening to me talk nonstop about a random, crazy, dysfunctional family from the sixth century. I am incredibly thankful for my parents, sister, and friends for their constant support. Thank you mom for listening to a podcast on the Merovingians so you could better understand what I am studying. You have always inspired me to work hard and I probably wouldn’t have written a thesis without you as my inspiration. I also want to thank my dad, who always supported my studies and pretended to know more about a topic than he actually did.
    [Show full text]
  • Memorable Crises. Carolingian Historiography and the Making of Pippin's Reign, 750-900 F.C.W. Goosmann
    Memorable Crises. Carolingian Historiography and the Making of Pippin’s Reign, 750-900 F.C.W. Goosmann Summary This study explores the way in which Frankish history-writers retroactively dealt with the more contentious elements of the Carolingian past. Changes in the political and moral framework of Frankish society necessitated a flexible interaction with the past, lest the past would lose its function as a moral anchor to present circumstances. Historiography was the principal means with which later generations of Franks were able to reshape their perception of the past. As such, Frankish writers of annals and chronicles presented Pippin the Short (c. 714-768), the first Carolingian to become king of the Franks, not as a usurper to the Frankish throne, but as a New David and a successor to Rome’s imperial legacy. Pippin’s predecessor, the Merovingian king Childeric III (742-751), on the other hand, came to be presented as a weak king, whose poor leadership had invited the Carolingians to take over the kingdom for the general well-being of the Franks. Most of our information for the period that witnessed the decline of Merovingian power and the rise of the Carolingian dynasty derives from Carolingian historiography, for the most part composed during the reigns of Charlemagne (d. 814) and Louis the Pious (d. 840). It dominates our source base so profoundly that, to this day, historians struggle to see beyond these uncompromising Carolingian renderings of the past. In many ways, the history of the rise of the Carolingian dynasty in the eighth century can be viewed as a literary construction of ninth-century design, and the extent to which this history has been manipulated is not at all easy to discern.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Foundations Marshall High School Unit Five AH * Frankish History: Clovis and the Merovingians and the Birth of Modern Western Civilization
    The Dark Ages Marshall High School Mr. Cline Western Civilization I: Ancient Foundations Marshall High School Unit Five AH * Frankish History: Clovis and the Merovingians and the Birth of Modern Western Civilization • Introduction to Clovis • France has given the world some very memorable leaders. • There's Napoleon, • Joan of Arc, • and Marie Antoinette, just to name a few. • Ironically, the guy credited for being the first to unite the ancestors of modern-day France, is not nearly as famous as those we just listed. • His name is Clovis, and today we're going to give him the spotlight he deserves. • Now, before we dive into the details of Clovis and his Merovingian Dynasty, we should probably acknowledge that most of you have never heard of the guy. • To simplify things, and to make this guy more memorable, we'll just concentrate on three things. * Frankish History: Clovis and the Merovingians and the Birth of Modern Western Civilization • Introduction to Clovis • First, Clovis established the Merovingian Dynasty. • Second, he established Catholicism as the major religion of Western and Central Europe. • Lastly, his dynasty brought cultural advancement to the areas he ruled. • Unification of the Franks • Let's get started with Clovis the Conqueror. • Clovis the Conqueror was a member of a Germanic tribe known as the Franks. • The Franks inhabited the territory of Gaul, now modern-day France, and parts of Germany. • Although the people of this area were all called Franks, there were sub- groups among them. * Frankish History: Clovis and the Merovingians and the Birth of Modern Western Civilization • Unification of the Franks • For instance, there were the Salian Franks, of whom Clovis was a ruler.
    [Show full text]
  • European Middle Ages, 500-1200
    European Middle Ages, 500-1200 Previewing Main Ideas EMPIRE BUILDING In western Europe, the Roman Empire had broken into many small kingdoms. During the Middle Ages, Charlemagne and Otto the Great tried to revive the idea of empire. Both allied with the Church. Geography Study the maps. What were the six major kingdoms in western Europe about A.D. 500? POWER AND AUTHORITY Weak rulers and the decline of central authority led to a feudal system in which local lords with large estates assumed power. This led to struggles over power with the Church. Geography Study the time line and the map. The ruler of what kingdom was crowned emperor by Pope Leo III? RELIGIOUS AND ETHICAL SYSTEMS During the Middle Ages, the Church was a unifying force. It shaped people’s beliefs and guided their daily lives. Most Europeans at this time shared a common bond of faith. Geography Find Rome, the seat of the Roman Catholic Church, on the map. In what kingdom was it located after the fall of the Roman Empire in A.D. 476? INTERNET RESOURCES • Interactive Maps Go to classzone.com for: • Interactive Visuals • Research Links • Maps • Interactive Primary Sources • Internet Activities • Test Practice • Primary Sources • Current Events • Chapter Quiz 350 351 What freedoms would you give up for protection? You are living in the countryside of western Europe during the 1100s. Like about 90 percent of the population, you are a peasant working the land. Your family’s hut is located in a small village on your lord’s estate. The lord provides all your basic needs, including housing, food, and protection.
    [Show full text]
  • Carolingian Propaganda: Kingship by the Hand of God
    Isak M. C. Sexson Hist. 495 Senior Thesis Thesis Advisor: Martha Rampton April 24, 2000 Carolingian Propaganda: Kingship by the Hand of God Introduction and Thesis Topic: The Carolingians laid the foundation for their successful coup in 751 very carefully, using not only political and religious alliances, but also the written word to ensure a usurpation of Merovingian power. Up until, and even decades after Pippin III’s coup, the Carolingians used a written form of propaganda to solidify their claims to the throne and reinforce their already existent power base. One of the most successful, powerful and prominent features of the Carolingians’ propaganda campaign was their use of God and divine support. By divine support, I mean the Carolingians stressed their rightful place as rulers of Christiandom and were portrayed as both being aided in their actions by God and being virtuous and pious rulers. This strategy of claiming to fulfill Augustine’s vision of a “city of God” politically would eventually force the Carolingians into a tight corner during the troubled times of Louis the Pious. The Word Propaganda and Historiography: The word propaganda is a modern word which did not exist in Carolingian Europe. It carries powerful modern connotations and should not be applied lightly when discussing past documents without keeping its modern usage in mind at all times. As Hummel and Huntress note in their book The Analysis of Propaganda, “‘Propaganda’ is a 1 word of evil connotation . [and] the word has become a synonym for a lie.”1 In order to avoid the ‘evil connotations’ of modern propaganda in this paper I will limit my definition of propaganda to the intentional reproduction, distribution and exaggeration or fabrication of events in order to gain support.
    [Show full text]
  • Approaches to Community and Otherness in the Late Merovingian and Early Carolingian Periods
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by White Rose E-theses Online Approaches to Community and Otherness in the Late Merovingian and Early Carolingian Periods Richard Christopher Broome Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of History September 2014 ii The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The right of Richard Christopher Broome to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. © 2014 The University of Leeds and Richard Christopher Broome iii Acknowledgements There are many people without whom this thesis would not have been possible. First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor, Ian Wood, who has been a constant source of invaluable knowledge, advice and guidance, and who invited me to take on the project which evolved into this thesis. The project he offered me came with a substantial bursary, for which I am grateful to HERA and the Cultural Memory and the Resources of the Past project with which I have been involved. Second, I would like to thank all those who were also involved in CMRP for their various thoughts on my research, especially Clemens Gantner for guiding me through the world of eighth-century Italy, to Helmut Reimitz for sending me a pre-print copy of his forthcoming book, and to Graeme Ward for his thoughts on Aquitanian matters.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners
    II GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX (1) Miscellaneous . (2) British Isles . 2.14 – 2.60 (3) North Russia, Norway, The Færoe Islands and Iceland . 2.61 – 2.65 (4) Baltic Sea and Approaches . 2.66 – 2.90 (5) North Sea and North and West Coasts of Denmark, Germany, Netherlands and Belgium . 2.91 – 2.114 (6) France and Spain, North and West Coasts, and Portugal . 2.115 – 2.134 (7) North Atlantic Ocean. 2.135 – 2.142 (8) Mediterranean and Black Seas. 2.143 – 2.195 (9) Africa, West Coast and South Atlantic . 2.196 – 2.205 (10) Africa, South and East Coasts, and Madagascar . 2.206 – 2.217 (11) Red Sea, Arabia, Iraq and Iran. 2.218 – 2.258 (12) Indian Ocean, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Burma . 2.259 – 2.302 (13) Malacca Strait, Singapore Strait and Sumatera . 2.303 – 2.323 (14) China Sea with its West Shore and China . 2.324 – 2.378 (15) Japan . 2.379 – 2.446 (16) Korea and the Pacific Coasts of Russia . 2.447 – 2.455 (17) Philippine Islands, Borneo and Indonesia except Sumatera . 2.456 – 2.477 (18) Australia and Papua New Guinea . 2.478 – 2.510 (19) New Zealand . 2.511 – 2.512 (20) Pacific Ocean. 2.513 – 2.520 (21) Aleutian Islands, Alaska and West Coast of North America including Mexico . 2.521 – 2.523 (22) West Coasts of Central and South America . 2.524 – 2.527 (23) Antarctica. 2.528 (24) East Coast of South America and The Falkland Islands . 2.529 – 2.543 (25) Caribbean Sea, West Indies and the Gulf of Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 13 Sec
    Chapter 13 Sec. 1 notes Medieval Period (500-1500) had its roots in: 1. heritage of Rome 2. beliefs of the Catholic Church. 3. customs of Germanic tribes. I. Invasions of Western Europe Repeated invasions and warfare resulted in: 1. disruption of trade – businesses collapsed, money became scarce 2. downfall of cities – cities were abandoned 3. population shifts – population became mostly rural a. The Decline of learning • Germanic invaders were mostly illiterate with no written language. • Had a rich oral tradition of songs and legends • Learning of Romans sank sharply. • Greek almost forgotten. • Priests among few literate. b. Loss of a Common Language • Latin changed as it mixed with Germanic languages. • Romance languages developed from regional dialects (French, Spanish) II. Germanic Kingdoms Emerge Between 400 and 600 Germanic kingdoms replaced Roman provinces. Church survived collapse of Roman Empire and provided order and stability during time of political chaos. a. The Concept of Government Changes • Germanic emphasis on family ties and personal loyalty replaced Roman loyalty to public government and written law. • Germanic tribes lived in small communities with governed by unwritten rules and traditions. • Warriors were loyal to and fought for a chief who provided food, weapons, and treasure. • Stress on personal ties made governing large territories impossible. b. Clovis Rules the Franks • Clovis brought Christianity to the Franks in Gaul. • Church supported Clovis’s campaigns against other Germanic peoples. • By 511 Clovis united Franks. • Alliance between Clovis and Church set precedent. III. Germans Adopt Christianity Christianity spread through relationship with Frankish rulers. Missionaries helped spread Christianity. a. Monasteries, Convents, and Manuscripts • Monasteries – rural Christian communities for monks.(devoted lives to prayer and good works) • Convents – communities for women who followed similar way of life called nuns.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles Martel
    INTRODUCTION In the short century from 687 to 768, Charlemagne’s great grandfather (Pippin), grandfather (Charles Martel), and father (Pippin) gradually reunited under Carolingian rule the thoroughly fragmented regnum Francorum.1 They accomplished this impressive feat in a highly focused manner, which gave priority in the long term to territorial acquisition and control of the magnates of the Frankish kingdom, many of whom, espe- cially if they worked in concert, had the power and influence collectively to undermine, if not, in fact, thwart, the Carolingians’ plans.2 In the course of this process of unification, Charlemagne’s forefathers tended to avoid being distracted by booty-seeking raids focused on possible short-term targets of opportunity.3 Their strategy of unification was pursued through 1 This well-known story has been told many times. See, for example, Louis Halphen, Charlemagne et l’empire carolingien (Paris, 1947), 57–119; Margaret Deanesly, A History of Early Medieval Europe from 476 to 911, 2nd ed.(London, 1969), 339–406; Pierre Riché, The Carolingians: A Family who Forged Europe, trans. Michael I. Allen (Philadelphia, 1993), 13–84; Rosamond McKitterick, The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians: 751–987 (London-New York, 1983), 16–53; Roger Collins, Charlemagne (Toronto-Buffalo, 1998), 23–42; and Matthias Becher, Charlemagne, trans. David S. Bachrach (New Haven, 2003), 19–39. Roger Collins, “Frankish Past and Carolingian Present in the Age of Charlemagne,” in Kaiser Krönung: Das Epos ‘Karolus Magnus et Leo papa’ und der Papstbesuch in Paderborn 799, ed. Peter Godman, Jörg Jarnut, and Peter Johanek (Paderborn, 2002), 301–322, at 304, may be correct when he observes that “suppression of facts or twisting of truth … must seem the salient characteristics of Frankish historiography in the eighth century …” However, in the context under discussion, no one doubts that the regnum Francorum was unified politically under early Carolingian rule.
    [Show full text]
  • Taking History On-Line
    Academic Essays The rise of the Carolingians or the decline of the Merovingians? by Emily Wilson The transference of power from the Merovingians to the Carolingians in France is one of the most confusing periods of early medieval history. In coming to a conclusion about whether this transference was due more the decline of the Merovingians, or more to the rise of the Carolingians, there are many considerations, often conflicting, and the sources are far from comprehensive. Nevertheless, this is a period which repays consideration, as it was instrumental in the formation of medieval France. Ultimately, a conclusion to the question ‘should we speak of the rise of the Carolingians or the decline of the Merovingians?’ may not be possible. This essay will argue that the terms “rise” and “decline” suggest an inevitability which is not supported by the evidence. In so doing the focus will be almost exclusively on political history for the reason that this is the area that the documentary sources shed the most light. Unfortunately, while this is the area that leads to the most certain conclusions, this will mean that the paper will have to gloss over certain aspects of ecclesiastical and economic history—both areas which have a significant impact on this question, and have largely ignored the areas of military and diplomatic history, also important in any consideration of this period. By focusing on political history however, it will be shown that this was a period characterised by a vitality and change, where the eventual victors were far from certain. The historian examining the Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties faces a problem familiar to any historian of the early medieval period: the scarcity of sources.
    [Show full text]